1008:
31:
1000:
63:
174:
depictions, the middle figure is depicted with loose hair and wearing a headband and the other two wear head dresses. In addition, snakes, children, and diapers appear. Other motifs include depictions of sacrificeâincluding burning incense, pigs, bowls filled with fruitâand decorations of fruits, plants, and trees. In most cases, the votive stones and altars are not found singularly, but rather in groups around temple buildings and cult centers.
228:
suggests that the loose hair may point to maidenhood whereas the head dresses may refer to married women, the snakes may refer to an association with the souls of the dead or the underworld, and the children and diapers seem to suggest that the Matres and
Matronae held a protective function over the
173:
Matres and
Matronae appear depicted on both stones with inscriptions and without, both as altars and votives. All depictions are frontal; they appear almost exclusively in threes with at least one figure holding a basket of fruit in her lap and the women are either standing or sitting. In some
240:
Motifs include depictions of sacrificeâincluding burning incense, pigs, bowls filled with fruitâand decorations of fruits, plants, and trees. In most cases, the votive stones and altars are not found singularly, but rather in groups around temple buildings and cult centers.
469:
Spickermann, Wolfgang. "NOUVELLES RĂFLEXIONS RELATIVES Ă LA GENĂSE ET AUXVECTEURS DU CULTE MATRONAL DANS LA RĂGION DU RHIN INFĂRIEUR." Cahiers Du Centre
Gustave Glotz 13 (2002): 141-67. www.jstor.org/stable/24359212.
237:
Information about the religious practices surrounding the Matres is limited to the stones on which their depictions and inscriptions are found, of which more than 1,100 exist.
724:
494:
141:; in Spain and Portugal, where some twenty inscriptions are known, among them several ones that include local epithets such as a dedication to the
1007:
717:
487:
1494:
137:
Matres also appear on votive reliefs and inscriptions in other areas occupied by the Roman army, including southeast Gaul, as at
645:
460:
424:
400:
710:
480:
17:
1484:
1479:
686:
111:
1504:
999:
444:
The Cult of the
Matronae in the Roman Rhineland: An Historical Evaluation of the Archaeological Evidence
1499:
349:(1915), pp 118-218, illus., noted by Susan Scheinberg, "The Bee Maidens of the Homeric Hymn to Hermes"
110:, depicted almost entirely in groups of three, that feature inscriptions (about half of which feature
1519:
1514:
1509:
1489:
1367:
537:
974:
676:
98:, of whom relics are found dating from the first to the fifth century AD. They are depicted on
30:
183:
1321:
472:
8:
814:
640:
95:
43:
1359:
508:
452:
448:
115:
1415:
1407:
884:
504:
456:
420:
396:
162:
1341:
1331:
1137:
1019:
954:
749:
733:
442:
414:
390:
265:
146:
99:
39:
211:
1243:
1170:
874:
583:
127:
1473:
588:
1213:
1052:
784:
410:
225:
71:
62:
702:
578:
275:
1458:
1448:
1301:
1198:
1155:
1097:
929:
919:
650:
593:
386:
255:
1425:
1382:
1349:
1296:
1261:
1218:
1160:
1150:
1032:
655:
280:
131:
1435:
1420:
1326:
1233:
1223:
1208:
1117:
1072:
1057:
1047:
1027:
984:
899:
849:
834:
829:
824:
753:
691:
619:
138:
47:
1397:
1392:
1286:
1281:
1271:
1256:
1193:
1188:
1067:
1042:
989:
979:
964:
959:
944:
839:
804:
774:
635:
598:
562:
557:
285:
207:
150:
119:
51:
1377:
1372:
1316:
1276:
1251:
1228:
1203:
1183:
1145:
1127:
1122:
1102:
1037:
969:
909:
894:
879:
864:
819:
799:
779:
769:
660:
250:
219:
203:
107:
130:(with a small distribution elsewhere) that were occupied by the
1443:
1291:
1266:
1178:
1107:
1092:
1087:
949:
939:
934:
924:
854:
844:
614:
532:
527:
270:
195:
191:
552:
522:
392:
Norse
Mythology: A Guide to Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs
260:
1453:
1311:
1306:
1112:
1082:
1077:
1062:
904:
889:
859:
809:
794:
789:
542:
215:
199:
187:
103:
91:
83:
502:
1387:
869:
745:
547:
158:
123:
55:
317:
315:
312:
302:
300:
153:
in the form of similar reliefs and inscriptions to the
366:
364:
362:
229:
family as well as a particular function as midwives.
297:
359:
149:Mothers"; and also in the Romano-Celtic culture of
344:Jahreshrift Ăsterreiches ArchĂ€ologisches Institut
1471:
342:K. Wigand, "Die Nutrices Augustae von Poeticio"
27:Deities of fertility in Celtic and Germanic myth
186:was widespread in ancient Europe; compare the
157:, "the august Nurses" found in Roman sites of
718:
488:
732:
725:
711:
495:
481:
218:, and other such figures, including the
118:names) and were venerated in regions of
61:
29:
14:
1472:
440:
385:
351:Harvard Studies in Classical Philology
306:
706:
476:
409:
370:
321:
134:from the first to the fifth century.
24:
1006:
998:
434:
90:(Latin for "matrons") were female
25:
1531:
646:Horse burial in Germanic paganism
416:Dictionary of Northern Mythology
114:names and half of which feature
74:(Rheinisches Landesmuseum Bonn)
1495:Deities of classical antiquity
336:
327:
13:
1:
379:
232:
687:Rebirth in Germanic paganism
441:Garman, Alex Gustav (2008).
7:
395:. Oxford University Press.
244:
177:
10:
1536:
1434:
1406:
1358:
1340:
1242:
1169:
1136:
1018:
996:
762:
741:
669:
628:
607:
571:
515:
168:
34:Terracotta relief of the
538:Hel (mythological being)
291:
677:Death in Norse paganism
1012:
1004:
75:
59:
44:Gallo-Roman settlement
1010:
1002:
65:
33:
106:that bear images of
1485:Childhood goddesses
1480:Abundance goddesses
744:Ancient deities of
682:Matres and Matronae
641:Hogback (sculpture)
324:, pp. 204â205.
96:Northwestern Europe
86:for "mothers") and
70:, excavated in the
18:Matres and Matrones
1505:Germanic goddesses
1360:Gallia Narbonensis
1013:
1005:
453:Edwin Mellen Press
449:Lewiston, New York
143:Matribus Gallaicis
112:Continental Celtic
76:
60:
1500:Gaulish goddesses
1467:
1466:
1416:Matronae Aufaniae
1408:Germania Inferior
885:Ialonus Contrebis
700:
699:
505:Germanic paganism
462:978-0-7734-5224-4
426:978-0-85991-513-7
402:978-0-19-983969-8
155:Nutrices Augustae
68:Aufanian Matronae
16:(Redirected from
1527:
1520:Triple goddesses
1515:Nature goddesses
1510:Mother goddesses
1342:Gallia Cisalpina
1138:Gallia Aquitania
734:Celtic mythology
727:
720:
713:
704:
703:
692:Soul (etymology)
629:Burial practices
497:
490:
483:
474:
473:
466:
430:
406:
374:
368:
357:
340:
334:
331:
325:
319:
310:
304:
184:triple goddesses
100:votive offerings
66:An altar of the
21:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1525:
1524:
1490:Death goddesses
1470:
1469:
1468:
1463:
1430:
1402:
1354:
1336:
1238:
1165:
1132:
1014:
994:
875:Genii Cucullati
758:
737:
731:
701:
696:
665:
624:
603:
567:
511:
501:
463:
437:
435:Further reading
427:
419:. D.S. Brewer.
403:
382:
377:
369:
360:
341:
337:
332:
328:
320:
313:
305:
298:
294:
247:
235:
180:
171:
40:Vertault relief
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1533:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1440:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1412:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1388:Lero et Lerina
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1364:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1352:
1346:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1248:
1246:
1244:Gallia Celtica
1240:
1239:
1237:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1175:
1173:
1171:Gallia Belgica
1167:
1166:
1164:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1142:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
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1030:
1024:
1022:
1016:
1015:
997:
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993:
992:
987:
982:
977:
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962:
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947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
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907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
766:
764:
763:Supra-regional
760:
759:
742:
739:
738:
730:
729:
722:
715:
707:
698:
697:
695:
694:
689:
684:
679:
673:
671:
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666:
664:
663:
658:
653:
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632:
630:
626:
625:
623:
622:
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611:
609:
605:
604:
602:
601:
596:
591:
586:
584:Hel (location)
581:
575:
573:
569:
568:
566:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
519:
517:
513:
512:
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499:
492:
485:
477:
471:
470:
467:
461:
436:
433:
432:
431:
425:
407:
401:
381:
378:
376:
375:
373:, p. 206.
358:
335:
326:
311:
309:, p. 224.
295:
293:
290:
289:
288:
283:
278:
273:
268:
263:
258:
253:
246:
243:
234:
231:
179:
176:
170:
167:
128:Northern Italy
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1532:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
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1508:
1506:
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1501:
1498:
1496:
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1457:
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1433:
1427:
1424:
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1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
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1384:
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1207:
1205:
1202:
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1190:
1187:
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1172:
1168:
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1144:
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1129:
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1114:
1111:
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1084:
1081:
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1076:
1074:
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1025:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1009:
1001:
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976:
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968:
966:
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933:
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871:
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836:
833:
831:
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823:
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771:
768:
767:
765:
761:
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755:
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728:
723:
721:
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709:
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705:
693:
690:
688:
685:
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662:
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657:
654:
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631:
627:
621:
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580:
577:
576:
574:
570:
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541:
539:
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531:
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524:
521:
520:
518:
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506:
498:
493:
491:
486:
484:
479:
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475:
468:
464:
458:
454:
450:
446:
445:
439:
438:
428:
422:
418:
417:
412:
411:Simek, Rudolf
408:
404:
398:
394:
393:
388:
384:
383:
372:
367:
365:
363:
355:
352:
348:
345:
339:
330:
323:
318:
316:
308:
303:
301:
296:
287:
284:
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279:
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269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
248:
242:
238:
230:
227:
223:
222:of Hinduism.
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
182:The motif of
175:
166:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
135:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
94:venerated in
93:
89:
85:
81:
73:
69:
64:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
32:
19:
1214:Iovantucarus
1053:Belatucadros
1003:Celtic wheel
914:
785:Anextiomarus
743:
681:
443:
415:
391:
387:Lindow, John
356:(1979), p 2.
353:
350:
346:
343:
338:
333:CIL II 2776.
329:
239:
236:
226:Rudolf Simek
224:
212:the MorrĂgan
181:
172:
163:Lower Styria
154:
142:
136:
124:Eastern Gaul
87:
79:
77:
72:Bonn Minster
67:
42:), from the
35:
1449:Endovelicus
1199:Icovellauna
1098:Ricagambeda
975:Telesphorus
930:Nantosuelta
651:Ship burial
594:Neorxnawang
307:Lindow 2002
256:Dea Matrona
190:(including
1474:Categories
1426:Nehalennia
1383:Cathubodua
1350:Ambisagrus
1297:Moritasgus
1262:Atepomarus
1219:Veraudunus
1161:Sexarbores
1033:Alaisiagae
656:Stone ship
380:References
371:Simek 1996
322:Simek 1996
281:Nehalennia
233:Veneration
132:Roman army
1436:Gallaecia
1421:Gebrinius
1327:Smertrios
1234:Xulsigiae
1224:Vindonnus
1209:Intarabus
1118:Vinotonus
1073:Coventina
1058:Britannia
1048:Arnemetia
1028:Abandinus
1020:Britannia
985:Virotutis
900:Loucetios
850:Dis Pater
835:Cissonius
830:Cicolluis
825:Cernunnos
815:Brigantia
756:by region
754:Gallaecia
620:Einherjar
579:FĂłlkvangr
572:Locations
509:mythology
503:Death in
276:MĆdraniht
139:Vertillum
108:goddesses
48:Vertillum
1398:Rudianos
1393:Nemausus
1368:Albiorix
1322:Souconna
1287:Nemetona
1282:Luxovius
1272:Gobannus
1257:Anvallus
1194:Arvernus
1189:Arduinna
1068:Cocidius
1043:Andraste
990:Visucius
980:Toutatis
965:Suleviae
960:Sucellus
945:Rosmerta
840:Condatis
805:Belisama
775:Alisanos
670:See also
636:Bog body
608:Entities
599:Valhalla
589:Nåströnd
563:Valkyrie
558:Sleipnir
413:(1996).
389:(2002).
286:Suleviae
245:See also
208:Charites
178:Function
151:Pannonia
147:Galician
145:"to the
120:Germania
116:Germanic
88:Matronae
52:Vertault
1378:Buxenus
1373:Artaius
1317:Sequana
1277:Icaunis
1252:Acionna
1229:Vosegus
1204:Inciona
1184:Ancamna
1146:Abellio
1128:Veteris
1123:Verbeia
1103:Satiada
1038:Ancasta
1011:Taranis
970:Taranis
920:Matrona
910:Maponos
895:Litavis
880:Grannus
865:Erecura
820:Camulus
800:Belenus
780:Andarta
770:Alaunus
750:Britain
661:Tumulus
516:Figures
251:Matrika
220:Tridevi
204:Erinyes
202:), the
92:deities
1444:Bandua
1292:Moccus
1267:Bricta
1179:Abnoba
1108:Senuna
1093:Ocelus
1088:Nodens
955:Sirona
950:Segomo
940:Ritona
935:Ogmios
925:Mogons
915:Matres
855:Divona
845:Damona
736:series
615:Draugr
533:Gefjon
528:Freyja
459:
423:
399:
271:Modron
214:, the
206:, the
198:, and
196:Parcae
192:Moirai
169:Motifs
126:, and
104:altars
80:Matres
36:Matres
1454:Nabia
1312:Robor
1307:Naria
1302:Mullo
1156:Fagus
1113:Sulis
1083:Latis
1078:Iouga
1063:Clota
905:Lugus
890:Lenus
860:Epona
810:Borvo
795:Aveta
790:Artio
543:Norns
292:Notes
216:Horae
200:Norns
188:Fates
84:Latin
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38:(the
1459:Reue
1332:Telo
1151:Baco
870:Esus
752:and
746:Gaul
548:Odin
507:and
457:ISBN
421:ISBN
397:ISBN
266:Idis
159:Ptuj
102:and
78:The
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553:RĂĄn
523:DĂs
261:DĂs
46:of
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748:,
455:.
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361:^
354:83
347:18
314:^
299:^
210:,
194:,
165:.
161:,
122:,
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712:v
496:e
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465:.
429:.
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