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Commons. What emerged as the distinctive feature of modern constitutionalism was not the insistence on the idea that the king is subject to law (although this concept is an essential attribute of all constitutionalism). This notion was already well established in the Middle Ages. What was distinctive was the establishment of effective means of political control whereby the rule of law might be enforced. Modern constitutionalism was born with the political requirement that representative government depended upon the consent of citizen subjects... However, as can be seen through provisions in the 1689 Bill of Rights, the
English Revolution was fought not just to protect the rights of property (in the narrow sense) but to establish those liberties which liberals believed essential to human dignity and moral worth. The "rights of man" enumerated in the English Bill of Rights gradually were proclaimed beyond the boundaries of England, notably in the American Declaration of Independence of 1776 and in the French Declaration of the Rights of Man in 1789.
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century, education and intelligence had a strong positive impact on democracy, rule of law and political liberty independent from wealth (GDP) and chosen country sample. One possible mediator of these relationships is the attainment of higher stages of moral judgment fostered by cognitive ability, which is necessary for the function of democratic rules in society. The other mediators for citizens as well as for leaders could be the increased competence and willingness to process and seek information necessary for political decisions due to greater cognitive ability. There are also weaker and less stable reverse effects of the rule of law and political freedom on cognitive ability.
6858:. These broadcasting services should be accountable to an independent regulatory body that is adequately protected from interference from political and economic interests. Public service media have an obligation to provide reliable information to voters. Many countries have publicly funded radio and television stations with public service obligations, especially in Europe and Japan, while such media are weak or non-existent in other countries including the US. Several studies have shown that the stronger the dominance of commercial broadcast media over public service media, the less the amount of policy-relevant information in the media and the more focus on
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3249:
5650:
math competency (.26). Additionally, historical evidence suggests that average human capital (measured using literacy rates) of the masses does not explain the onset of industrialization in France from 1750 to 1850 despite arguments to the contrary. Together, these findings show that education does not always promote human capital and economic growth as is generally argued to be the case. Instead, the evidence implies that education provision often falls short of its expressed goals, or, alternatively, that political actors use education to promote goals other than economic growth and development.
5660:âwhich afflicts humans and livestockâreduced the ability of Africans to plough the land. This made Africa less settled. As a consequence, political power was less concentrated. This also affected the colonial institutions European countries established in Africa. Whether colonial settlers could live or not in a place made them develop different institutions which led to different economic and social paths. This also affected the distribution of power and the collective actions people could take. As a result, some African countries ended up having democracies and others
3760:
5482:
3868:
variations in democratic institutions can be large within countries. Another way of conceiving the difficulties in measuring democracy is through the debate between minimalist versus maximalist definitions of democracy. A minimalist conception of democracy defines democracy by primarily considering the essence of democracy; such as electoral procedures. A maximalist definition of democracy can include outcomes, such as economic or administrative efficiency, into measures of democracy. Some aspects of democracy, such as responsiveness or
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4451:
2958:
4147:
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3191:
1990:
7367:. Quote: "There is no practical alternative to majority political rule â i.e., to taking the consent of the majority as the act of the whole and binding every individual. It would be next to impossible to obtain the consent of every individual before acting collectively ... No rational people could desire and constitute a society that had to dissolve straightaway because the majority was unable to make the final decision and the society was incapable of acting as one body."
2800:
3036:
5220:
typically have only one central authority which is often not subject to meaningful public review by any other governmental authority. Russian-style democracy has often been referred to as a "guided democracy". Russian politicians have referred to their government as having only one center of power/ authority, as opposed to most other forms of democracy which usually attempt to incorporate two or more naturally competing sources of authority within the same government.
48:
6990:
6577:
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1486:
666:
4163:
19779:
18525:
18009:
17998:
5177:
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support for dismissal. In some countries, the prime minister can also call an election at any point in time, typically when the prime minister believes that they are in good favour with the public as to get re-elected. In other parliamentary democracies, extra elections are virtually never held, a minority government being preferred until the next ordinary elections. An important feature of the parliamentary democracy is the concept of the "
5054:, and rules on which body gets to vote on which issue. Delegates may vote differently from how their sending council might wish but are mandated to communicate the wishes of their sending council. Delegates are recallable at any time. Referendums are possible at any time via votes of lower-level councils, however, not everything is a referendum as this is most likely a waste of time. A parpolity is meant to work in tandem with a
5433:
3364:, as well as other factors such as manipulation of civil society, "toxic polarization", foreign disinformation campaigns, racism and nativism, excessive executive power, and decreased power of the opposition. Within English-speaking Western democracies, "protection-based" attitudes combining cultural conservatism and leftist economic attitudes were the strongest predictor of support for authoritarian modes of governance.
5104:, is a political system in which democracy is implemented on a global scale, either directly or through representatives. An important justification for this kind of system is that the decisions made in national or regional democracies often affect people outside the constituency who, by definition, cannot vote. By contrast, in a cosmopolitan democracy, the people who are affected by decisions also have a say in them.
3495:, on the other hand, citizens should vote directly, not through their representatives, on legislative proposals. Proponents of direct democracy offer varied reasons to support this view. Political activity can be valuable in itself, it socialises and educates citizens, and popular participation can check powerful elites. Most importantly, citizens do not rule themselves unless they directly decide laws and policies.
2558:(1689), Locke posited that all individuals possessed the inalienable rights to life, liberty and estate (property). According to Locke, individuals would voluntarily come together to form a state for the purposes of defending their rights. Particularly important for Locke were property rights, whose protection Locke deemed to be a government's primary purpose. Furthermore, Locke asserted that governments were
18537:
4887:, is a form of democracy based on power-sharing formula between elites representing the social groups within the society. In 1969, Arendt Lijphart argued this would stabilize democracies with factions. A consociational democracy allows for simultaneous majority votes in two or more ethno-religious constituencies, and policies are enacted only if they gain majority support from both or all of them. The
5671:. Trade brought economic development, which in turn, broadened power. Rulers wanting to increase revenues had to protect property-rights to create incentives for people to invest. As more people had more power, more concessions had to be made by the ruler and in many places this process lead to democracy. These determinants defined the structure of the society moving the balance of political power.
2110:), and youths below the age of military service. Effectively, only 1 in 4 residents in Athens qualified as citizens. Owning land was not a requirement for citizenship. The exclusion of large parts of the population from the citizen body is closely related to the ancient understanding of citizenship. In most of antiquity the benefit of citizenship was tied to the obligation to fight war campaigns.
2436:
5157:. The main idea about creative democracy is that democracy encourages individual capacity building and the interaction among the society. Dewey argues that democracy is a way of life in his work of "Creative Democracy: The Task Before Us" and an experience built on faith in human nature, faith in human beings, and faith in working with others. Democracy, in Dewey's view, is a
5932:
4378:. A characteristic of representative democracy is that while the representatives are elected by the people to act in the people's interest, they retain the freedom to exercise their own judgement as how best to do so. Such reasons have driven criticism upon representative democracy, pointing out the contradictions of representation mechanisms with democracy
3264:, electoral democracies now represent 120 of the 192 existing countries and constitute 58.2 per cent of the world's population. At the same time liberal democracies i.e. countries Freedom House regards as free and respectful of basic human rights and the rule of law are 85 in number and represent 38 per cent of the global population. Also in 2007 the
5646:
modernization theory suggests: historically, most countries attained high levels of access to primary education well before transitioning to democracy. Rather than acting as a catalyst for democratization, in some situations education provision may instead be used by non-democratic regimes to indoctrinate their subjects and strengthen their power.
2408:, which wanted to increase their share in exercising power at the expense of the magnates. Magnates dominated the most important offices in the state (secular and ecclesiastical) and sat on the royal council, later the senate. The growing importance of the middle nobility had an impact on the establishment of the institution of the land
1746:, where various degrees of enfranchisement of the free male population were observed. In virtually all democratic governments throughout ancient and modern history, democratic citizenship was initially restricted to an elite class, which was later extended to all adult citizens. In most modern democracies, this was achieved through the
4424:. In consequence, however, the president and the legislature may end up in the control of separate parties, allowing one to block the other and thereby interfere with the orderly operation of the state. This may be the reason why presidential democracy is not very common outside the Americas, Africa, and Central and Southeast Asia.
3468:, democracy is a system of government in which citizens have given teams of political leaders the right to rule in periodic elections. According to this minimalist conception, citizens cannot and should not "rule" because, for example, on most issues, most of the time, they have no clear views or their views are not well-founded.
4128:, in which all eligible citizens have active participation in the political decision making, for example voting on policy initiatives directly. In most modern democracies, the whole body of eligible citizens remain the sovereign power but political power is exercised indirectly through elected representatives; this is called a
3292:
Austria, Cuba, and
Nicaragua. In California, a 2004 proposal to permit a quarter vote at 14 and a half vote at 16 was ultimately defeated. In 2008, the German parliament proposed but shelved a bill that would grant the vote to each citizen at birth, to be used by a parent until the child claims it for themselves.
9348:
The earliest, and perhaps greatest, victory for liberalism was achieved in
England. The rising commercial class that had supported the Tudor monarchy in the 16th century led the revolutionary battle in the 17th and succeeded in establishing the supremacy of Parliament and, eventually, of the House of
9318:
The key landmark is the Bill of Rights (1689), which established the supremacy of
Parliament over the Crown.... The Bill of Rights (1689) then settled the primacy of Parliament over the monarch's prerogatives, providing for the regular meeting of Parliament, free elections to the Commons, free speech
7542:
Democracy can be seen as a set of practices and principles that institutionalise and thus ultimately protect freedom. Even if a consensus on precise definitions has proved elusive, most observers today would agree that, at a minimum, the fundamental features of democracy include a government based on
6753:
This proposal has inspired a lot of discussions over whether the news media are actually fulfilling the requirements that a well functioning democracy requires. Commercial mass media are generally not accountable to anybody but their owners, and they have no obligation to serve a democratic function.
5410:
A 2019 study by
Acemoglu and others estimated that countries switching to democratic from authoritarian rule had on average a 20% higher GDP after 25 years than if they had remained authoritarian. The study examined 122 transitions to democracy and 71 transitions to authoritarian rule, occurring from
4643:
argue that much constitutional thought, from
Madison to Lincoln and beyond, has focused on "the problem of majority tyranny". They conclude, "The principles of republican government embedded in the Constitution represent an effort by the framers to ensure that the inalienable rights of life, liberty,
4415:
Presidential democracy is a system where the public elects the president through an election. The president serves as both the head of state and head of government controlling most of the executive powers. The president serves for a specific term and cannot exceed that amount of time. The legislature
3895:
Democracy has taken a number of forms, both in theory and practice. Some varieties of democracy provide better representation and more freedom for their citizens than others. However, if any democracy is not structured to prohibit the government from excluding the people from the legislative process,
2548:. In order to prevent the occurrence of an anarchic state of nature, Hobbes reasoned that individuals ceded their rights to a strong, authoritarian power. In other words, Hobbes advocated for an absolute monarchy which, in his opinion, was the best form of government. Later, philosopher and physician
2392:
links the fragmentation of Europe, and its subsequent democratization, to the manner in which the Roman Empire collapsed: Roman territory was conquered by small fragmented groups of
Germanic tribes, thus leading to the creation of small political units where rulers were relatively weak and needed the
2387:
Studies have linked the emergence of parliamentary institutions in Europe during the medieval period to urban agglomeration and the creation of new classes, such as artisans, as well as the presence of nobility and religious elites. Scholars have also linked the emergence of representative government
2125:
and courts of law controlled the entire political process and a large proportion of citizens were involved constantly in the public business. Even though the rights of the individual were not secured by the
Athenian constitution in the modern sense (the ancient Greeks had no word for "rights"), those
2015:
are as old as the human species and are found throughout human history, but up until the nineteenth century, major political figures have largely opposed democracy. Republican theorists linked democracy to small size: as political units grew in size, the likelihood increased that the government would
14195:
Political theory has described a positive linkage between education, cognitive ability and democracy. This assumption is confirmed by positive correlations between education, cognitive ability, and positively valued political conditions (N = 183â130). It is shown that in the second half of the 20th
5614:
concludes that the characteristics of weapons are the main predictor of democracy: Democracyâthis scenarioâtends to emerge only when the best weapons available are easy for individuals to obtain and use. By the 1800s, guns were the best personal weapons available, and in the United States of
America
5046:
structure. The guiding philosophy is that people should have decision-making power in proportion to how much they are affected by the decision. Local councils of 25â50 people are completely autonomous on issues that affect only them, and these councils send delegates to higher level councils who are
4396:
In a parliamentary system, the prime minister may be dismissed by the legislature at any point in time for not meeting the expectations of the legislature. This is done through a vote of no confidence where the legislature decides whether or not to remove the prime minister from office with majority
3516:
argues that the fundamental democratic principle is that, when it comes to binding collective decisions, each person in a political community is entitled to have his/her interests be given equal consideration (not necessarily that all people are equally satisfied by the collective decision). He uses
5649:
The assumed link between education and economic growth is called into question when analyzing empirical evidence. Across different countries, the correlation between education attainment and math test scores is very weak (.07). A similarly weak relationship exists between per-pupil expenditures and
5615:(already nominally democratic), almost everyone could afford to buy a gun, and could learn how to use it fairly easily. Governments could not do any better: it became the age of mass armies of citizen soldiers with guns. Similarly, Periclean Greece was an age of the citizen soldier and democracy.
4392:
Parliamentary democracy is a representative democracy where government is appointed by or can be dismissed by, representatives as opposed to a "presidential rule" wherein the president is both head of state and the head of government and is elected by the voters. Under a parliamentary democracy,
8861:
Magna Carta is sometimes regarded as the foundation of democracy in
England. ...Revised versions of Magna Carta were issued by King Henry III (in 1216, 1217 and 1225), and the text of the 1225 version was entered into the statute roll in 1297. ...The 1225 version of Magna Carta had been granted
5645:
by demonstrating that there is no reliable evidence for the claim that democracy is more likely to emerge when countries become wealthier, more educated, or less unequal. In fact, empirical evidence shows that economic growth and education may not lead to increased demand for democratization as
5219:
Guided democracy is a form of democracy that incorporates regular popular elections, but which often carefully "guides" the choices offered to the electorate in a manner that may reduce the ability of the electorate to truly determine the type of government exercised over them. Such democracies
3867:
measuring the potential effects of democracy or its relationship with other phenomenaâwhether inequality, poverty, education etc. Given the constraints in acquiring reliable data with within-country variations on aspects of democracy, academics have largely studied cross-country variations, yet
3291:
to 18 years; the major democracies began to do so in the 1970s starting in Western Europe and North America. Most electoral democracies continue to exclude those younger than 18 from voting. The voting age has been lowered to 16 for national elections in a number of countries, including Brazil,
2105:
of ordinary citizens to fill the few existing government administrative and judicial offices, and a legislative assembly consisting of all Athenian citizens. All eligible citizens were allowed to speak and vote in the assembly, which set the laws of the city-state. However, Athenian citizenship
5107:
According to its supporters, any attempt to solve global problems is undemocratic without some form of cosmopolitan democracy. The general principle of cosmopolitan democracy is to expand some or all of the values and norms of democracy, including the rule of law; the non-violent resolution of
2732:
had similar property qualifications as Britain, and in the period before 1776 the abundance and availability of land meant that large numbers of colonists met such requirements with at least 60 per cent of adult white males able to vote. The great majority of white men were farmers who met the
3411:
theorists was that democracy could only survive in small political communities. Heeding the lessons of the Roman Republic's shift to monarchism as it grew larger or smaller, these Republican theorists held that the expansion of territory and population inevitably led to tyranny. Democracy was
5678:
The peasant in the fable, when on his deathbed, tells his sons that a treasure is buried in the field. After the old man's death the sons dig everywhere in order to discover the treasure. They do not find it. But their indefatigable labor improves the soil and secures for them a comparative
10829:
Nazifa Alizada, Rowan Cole, Lisa Gastaldi, Sandra Grahn, Sebastian Hellmeier, Palina Kolvani, Jean Lachapelle, Anna LĂŒhrmann, Seraphine F. Maerz, Shreeya Pillai, and Staffan I. Lindberg. 2021. Autocratization Turns Viral. Democracy Report 2021. University of Gothenburg: V-Dem Institute.
2684:, had both cemented Parliament's position as the supreme law-making body and said that the "election of members of Parliament ought to be free". However, Parliament was only elected by male property owners, which amounted to 3% of the population in 1780. The first known British person of
2914:
and had full civil rights were allowed to stand for election. Reasons for disqualification included holding dual citizenship, being employed by a foreign government, being bankrupt, employed as a servant, or having "notoriety for ill deeds". Full universal suffrage was achieved in 1934.
4970:
have citizenship and are able to fully participate in the political process. However, critics of the "ethnic democracy" model argue it is a contradiction in terms, and thus conceptually inadequate or confusing; these critics allege that purported ethnic democracies, most notably
5683:
Democracy in modern times has almost always faced opposition from the previously existing government, and many times it has faced opposition from social elites. The implementation of a democratic government from a non-democratic state is typically brought by peaceful or violent
2612:) in 1619. English Puritans who migrated from 1620 established colonies in New England whose local governance was democratic; although these local assemblies had some small amounts of devolved power, the ultimate authority was held by the Crown and the English Parliament. The
6810:
the political debate. Thorough and balanced investigation of complex political issues does not fit into this format. The political communication is characterized by short time horizons, short slogans, simple explanations, and simple solutions. This is conducive to political
2506:
was enacted in 1689 which codified certain rights and liberties and is still in effect. The Bill set out the requirement for regular elections, rules for freedom of speech in Parliament and limited the power of the monarch, ensuring that, unlike much of Europe at the time,
6765:
and popularization of the news media is seen in an increasing focus on human examples rather than statistics and principles. There is more focus on politicians as personalities and less focus on political issues in the popular media. Election campaigns are covered more as
6786:. This person-centered focus may have far-reaching consequences not only for domestic problems but also for foreign policy when international conflicts are blamed on foreign heads of state rather than on political and economic structures. A strong media focus on fear and
5161:
requiring actual effort and work by people; it is not an institutional concept that exists outside of ourselves. "The task of democracy", Dewey concludes, "is forever that of creation of a freer and more humane experience in which all share and to which all contribute".
2819:. North Carolina was the last state to abolish property qualification in 1856 resulting in a close approximation to universal white male suffrage (however tax-paying requirements remained in five states in 1860 and survived in two states until the 20th century). In the
2140:
was an assembly of the people, held once a month, in which every male citizen of at least 20 years of age could participate. In the assembly, Spartans elected leaders and cast votes by range voting and shouting (the vote is then decided on how loudly the crowd shouts).
3142:
brought substantial gains toward true liberal democracy for many states, dubbed "third wave of democracy". Portugal, Spain, and several of the military dictatorships in South America returned to civilian rule in the 1970s and 1980s. This was followed by countries in
2889:
to a constitutional one, and held two elections the next year to elect members to her newly formed parliament. Provisional Electoral Regulations were issued, stating that the elected members of the Provincial Administrative Councils would elect members to the first
3456:
claims that the aim of the democratic processes is to solicit citizens' preferences and aggregate them together to determine what social policies society should adopt. Therefore, proponents of this view hold that democratic participation should primarily focus on
6908:
A serious problem with the social media is that they have no truth filters. The established news media have to guard their reputation as trustworthy, while ordinary citizens may post unreliable information. In fact, studies show that false stories are going more
3120:
3. The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures.
4852:
is the process of choosing decision-making bodies via a random selection. These bodies can be more representative of the opinions and interests of the people at large than an elected legislature or other decision-maker. The technique was in widespread use in
4294:. Between January 1995 and June 2005, Swiss citizens voted 31 times, to answer 103 questions (during the same period, French citizens participated in only two referendums). Although in the past 120 years less than 250 initiatives have been put to referendum.
6805:
of the democratic system is compromised when lack of access to substantive, diverse, and undistorted information is handicapping the citizens' capability of evaluating the political process. The fast pace and trivialization in the competitive news media is
5358:
is logical proof that if each decision-maker has a better than chance probability of making the right decision, then having the largest number of decision-makers, i.e. a democracy, will result in the best decisions. This has also been argued by theories of
5459:, also referred to as democracy building, can be domestic policy to increase the quality of already existing democracy or a strand of foreign policy adopted by governments and international organizations that seek to support the spread of democracy as a
4254:
Some modern democracies that are predominantly representative in nature also heavily rely upon forms of political action that are directly democratic. These democracies, which combine elements of representative democracy and direct democracy, are termed
2145:
called this "childish", as compared with the stone voting ballots used by the Athenian citizenry. Sparta adopted it because of its simplicity, and to prevent any biased voting, buying, or cheating that was predominant in the early democratic elections.
4899:
allocates votes to member states in part according to their population, but heavily weighted in favour of the smaller states. A consociational democracy requires consensus of representatives, while consensus democracy requires consensus of electorate.
3578:
is based on the idea that there are hierarchical and oppressive power relations that exist in society. Democracy's role is to make visible and challenge those relations by allowing for difference, dissent and antagonisms in decision-making processes.
2209:
in the Americas also developed a form of democratic society between 1450 and 1660 (and possibly in 1142), well before contact with the Europeans. This democracy continues to the present day and is the world's oldest standing representative democracy.
5439:
is conducive to democracy promotion and building in the developing world. Here, facilitator and former MICAH Police Commissioner Yves Bouchard shares mission experience with senior military and police officials in mission management to contribute to
4777:
there is a hostility to what is commonly called "liberal democracy", which is referred to as parliamentary democracy because of its centralised nature. Because of orthodox Marxists' desire to eliminate the political elitism they see in capitalism,
4494:
turned powerful monarchs into constitutional monarchs (often gradually) with limited or symbolic roles. For example, in the predecessor states to the United Kingdom, constitutional monarchy began to emerge and has continued uninterrupted since the
2024:, the creation of the United States, with its large size and its system of checks and balances, was a solution to the dual problems of size. Forms of democracy occurred organically in societies around the world that had no contact with each other.
5414:
A 2023 study analyzed the long-term effects of democracy on economic prosperity using new data on GDP per capita and democracy for a dataset between 1789 and 2019. The results indicate that democracy substantially increases economic development.
6818:
Commercial mass media are often differentiated along the political spectrum so that people can hear mainly opinions that they already agree with. Too much controversy and diverse opinions are not always profitable for the commercial news media.
3526:
which are used to select representatives who then manage all or most of the public policy of the society. However, these polyarchic procedures may not create a full democracy if, for example, poverty prevents political participation. Similarly,
1781:
says that the "classical" view of democracy is, "in brief, the theory that democracy is the rule of the people and that the people have a right to rule". One study identified 2,234 adjectives used to describe democracy in the English language.
7543:
majority rule and the consent of the governed, the existence of free and fair elections, the protection of minorities and respect for basic human rights. Democracy presupposes equality before the law, due process and political pluralism.
4419:
The executive usually has the responsibility to execute or implement legislation and may have the limited legislative powers, such as a veto. However, a legislative branch passes legislation and budgets. This provides some measure of
14907:
Backsliding entails deterioration of qualities associated with democratic governance, within any regime. In democratic regimes, it is a decline in the quality of democracy; in autocracies, it is a decline in democratic qualities of
3552:
is deliberation among decision-makers that is free from distortions of unequal political power, such as power a decision-maker obtained through economic wealth or the support of interest groups. If the decision-makers cannot reach
3521:
to refer to societies in which there exists a certain set of institutions and procedures which are perceived as leading to such democracy. First and foremost among these institutions is the regular occurrence of free and open
2414:(local assembly), which subsequently obtained more rights. During the fifteenth and first half of the sixteenth century, sejmiks received more and more power and became the most important institutions of local power. In 1454,
4677:, moderated by a constitution or laws that such as the protection of the rights and freedoms of individuals, and constrained on the extent to which the will of the majority can be exercised against the rights of minorities.
4186:
Direct democracy is a political system where the citizens participate in the decision-making personally, contrary to relying on intermediaries or representatives. A direct democracy gives the voting population the power to:
6621:, or debate on democracy and the different aspects of how to implement democracy best have been widely discussed. There are both internal critics (those who call upon the constitutional regime to be true to its own highest
3548:. Unlike aggregative democracy, deliberative democracy holds that, for a democratic decision to be legitimate, it must be preceded by authentic deliberation, not merely the aggregation of preferences that occurs in voting.
3133:
By 1960, the vast majority of country-states were nominally democracies, although most of the world's populations lived in nominal democracies that experienced sham elections, and other forms of subterfuge (particularly in
7061:, and reduced a state's apportionment if it wrongfully denied males over the age of 21 the right to vote; however, this was not enforced in practice. Some poor white men remained excluded at least until the passage of the
5592:
Several philosophers and researchers have outlined historical and social factors seen as supporting the evolution of democracy. Other commentators have mentioned the influence of economic development. In a related theory,
4416:
often has limited ability to remove a president from office. Elections typically have a fixed date and aren't easily changed. The president has direct control over the cabinet, specifically appointing the cabinet members.
15632:
Cushion, Stephen; Franklin, Bob (2015). "Public Service Broadcasting: Markets and Vulnerable Values in Broadcast and Print Journalism". In Coleman, Stephen; Moss, Giles; Parry, Katy; Halperin, John; Ryan, Michael (eds.).
2084:, but its usage was older by several decades, as two Athenians born in the 470s were named Democrates, a new political nameâlikely in support of democracyâgiven at a time of debates over constitutional issues in Athens.
1605:
to do so. Who is considered part of "the people" and how authority is shared among or delegated by the people has changed over time and at different rates in different countries. Features of democracy oftentimes include
2126:
who were citizens of Athens enjoyed their liberties not in opposition to the government but by living in a city that was not subject to another power and by not being subjects themselves to the rule of another person.
7512:
Economic Intelligence Unit Democracy Index, 2022, p. 4: "According to our measure of democracy, less than half (45.7%) of the world's population now live in a democracy of some sort, a significant decline from 2020
6648:
remarked that "No one pretends that democracy is perfect or all-wise. Indeed, it has been said that democracy is the worst form of government except all those other forms that have been tried from time to time."
2153:
contributed significantly to many aspects of democracy, only a minority of Romans were citizens with votes in elections for representatives. The votes of the powerful were given more weight through a system of
4210:
are referred to as forms of direct democracy. However, some advocates of direct democracy argue for local assemblies of face-to-face discussion. Direct democracy as a government system currently exists in the
11137:
4631:
was that the former became weaker as it got larger and suffered more violently from the effects of faction, whereas a republic could get stronger as it got larger and combats faction by its very structure.
4401:". The essence of the concept is that the second largest political party (or opposition) opposes the governing party (or coalition), while still remaining loyal to the state and its democratic principles.
3502:âwith half to their left and the other half to their right. This is not a desirable outcome as it represents the action of self-interested and somewhat unaccountable political elites competing for votes.
15386:
Esser, Frank; Matthes, Jörg (2013). "Mediatization Effects on Political News, Political Actors, Political Decisions, and Political Audiences". In Kriesi, Hanspeter; Esser, Frank; BĂŒhlmann, Marc (eds.).
4324:
towns hold annual town meetings in March in which town officers are elected, budgets for the town and schools are voted on, and citizens have the opportunity to speak and be heard on political matters.
2482:(1642â1651) was fought between the King and an oligarchic but elected Parliament, during which the idea of a political party took form with groups debating rights to political representation during the
2383:
is some of the earliest evidence of parliament being used as a forum to address the general grievances of ordinary people. However, the power to call parliament remained at the pleasure of the monarch.
2703:
were expanded and power shifted from the monarch to parliament. The taxed peasantry was represented in parliament, although with little influence, but commoners without taxed property had no suffrage.
11855:
Dahl, Robert A., Ian Shapiro, JosĂ© AntĂŽnio Cheibub, and Adam Przeworski. âMinimalist Conception of Democracy: A Defense.â Essay. In The Democracy Sourcebook, 12â17. Cambridge, MA, MA: MIT Press, 2003.
5667:
An example of geographical determinants for democracy is having access to coastal areas and rivers. This natural endowment has a positive relation with economic development thanks to the benefits of
2815:
was the first in which non-property-holding white males could vote in the vast majority of states. Voter turnout soared during the 1830s, reaching about 80% of the adult white male population in the
10717:
5010:
in places of work and education, and ecological democracy which aims to reintegrate society and nature. The theoretical project of inclusive democracy emerged from the work of political philosopher
7855:
3420:
asserted, "It is, therefore the natural property of small states to be governed as a republic, of middling ones to be subject to a monarch, and of large empires to be swayed by a despotic prince."
3295:
According to Freedom House, starting in 2005, there have been 17 consecutive years in which declines in political rights and civil liberties throughout the world have outnumbered improvements, as
2954:, and religious and economic circumstances. Global waves of "democratic regression" reversing democratization, have also occurred in the 1920s and 30s, in the 1960s and 1970s, and in the 2010s.
10968:
7126:
Other names include autocratization, democratic decline, de-democratization, democratic erosion, democratic decay, democratic recession, democratic regression, and democratic deconsolidation.
4648:
insisted, was that the government be "bound by fixed laws, which the people have a voice in making, and a right to defend." As Benjamin Franklin was exiting after writing the US Constitution,
17466:
6885:
has profoundly altered the conditions for political communication. The social media have given ordinary citizens easy access to voice their opinion and share information while bypassing the
14789:
8241:
5292:
Shareholder democracy is a concept relating to the governance of corporations by their shareholders. In the United States, shareholders are typically granted voting rights according to the
2570:
against a government that acted against their interest or became tyrannical. Although they were not widely read during his lifetime, Locke's works are considered the founding documents of
2737:, which, on declaring independence of Great Britain in 1777, adopted a constitution modelled on Pennsylvania's citizenship and democratic suffrage for males with or without property. The
11416:
Joshua Cohen, "Deliberation and Democratic Legitimacy" in Essays on Reason and Politics: Deliberative Democracy Ed. James Bohman and William Rehg (The MIT Press: Cambridge) 1997, 72â73.
10041:
6710:, policies, and candidates so that they can make a truly informed decision. Since the late 20'th century there has been a growing concern that voters may be poorly informed because the
3947:
2020:
wrote, "If a republic be small, it is destroyed by a foreign force; if it is large, it is ruined by an internal imperfection." According to Johns Hopkins University political scientist
1925:
It has also been suggested that a basic feature of democracy is the capacity of all voters to participate freely and fully in the life of their society. With its emphasis on notions of
2519:
have characterized the institutions implemented in the Glorious Revolution as a resounding success in terms of restraining the government and ensuring protection for property rights.
8947:
7369:
There is no practical alternative to majority political rule %E2%80%93 i.e., to taking the consent of the majority as the act of the whole and binding every individual." Google Books
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9638:
9198:
9176:
5656:
An example of this is the disease environment. Places with different mortality rates had different populations and productivity levels around the world. For example, in Africa, the
4553:
Elite upper houses of legislatures, which often had lifetime or hereditary tenure, were common in many states. Over time, these either had their powers limited (as with the British
4182:'s citizen in November 2008 about 5 national, 2 cantonal, 4 municipal referendums, and 2 elections (government and parliament of the City of Berne) to take care of at the same time.
12731:
Bookchin, Murray. Communalism: The Democratic Dimensions of Social Anarchism. Anarchism, Marxism and the Future of the Left: Interviews and Essays, 1993â1998, AK Press 1999, p. 155
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There is no practical alternative to majority political rule %E2%80%93 i.e., to take the consent of the majority as the act of the whole and binding every individual." Google Books
17898:
14286:
Squicciarini, Mara and VoigtlÀnder, Nico, Knowledge Elites and Modernization: Evidence from Revolutionary France (October 2016). NBER Working Paper No. w22779, Available at SSRN:
6651:
Critics of democracy have often tried to highlight democracy's inconsistencies, paradoxes, and limits by contrasting it with other forms of government, such as a less democratic
4124:
Several variants of democracy exist, but there are two basic forms, both of which concern how the whole body of all eligible citizens executes its will. One form of democracy is
3412:
therefore highly fragile and rare historically, as it could only survive in small political units, which due to their size were vulnerable to conquest by larger political units.
4817:
argued that the only acceptable form of direct democracy is one in which it is recognised that majority decisions are not binding on the minority, even when unanimous. However,
4431:
is a system of democracy in which the government includes both a prime minister and a president. The particular powers held by the prime minister and president vary by country.
5597:
suggests that improved living-standards in modern developed countries can convince people that they can take their basic survival for granted, leading to increased emphasis on
15696:
Udris, Linards; Lucht, Jens (2014). "Mediatization at the Structural Level: Independence from Politics, Dependence on the Market". In Esser, Frank; StrömbÀck, Jesper (eds.).
6782:, and less interest in voting. The ability to find effective political solutions to social problems is hampered when problems tend to be blamed on individuals rather than on
19463:
12576:
1705:
limit the majority and protect the minorityâusually through securing the enjoyment by all of certain individual rights, such as freedom of speech or freedom of association.
5604:
Douglas M. Gibler and Andrew Owsiak in their study argued about the importance of peace and stable borders for the development of democracy. It has often been assumed that
4116:
The following kinds of democracy are not exclusive of one another: many specify details of aspects that are independent of one another and can co-exist in a single system.
2753:, instead leaving the issue of suffrage to the individual states. Generally, states limited suffrage to white male property owners and taxpayers. At the time of the first
8991:
Abramson, Scott F.; Boix, Carles (2019). "Endogenous Parliaments: The Domestic and International Roots of Long-Term Economic Growth and Executive Constraints in Europe".
4831:
Some anarcho-communists oppose the majoritarian nature of direct democracy, feeling that it can impede individual liberty and opt-in favour of a non-majoritarian form of
2796:
that met in 1793. Nonetheless, the 1791 Constitution helped keep alive Polish aspirations for the eventual restoration of the country's sovereignty over a century later.
1574:
of a state. Under a minimalist definition of democracy, rulers are elected through competitive elections while more expansive definitions link democracy to guarantees of
12630:
8862:
explicitly in return for a payment of tax by the whole kingdom, and this paved the way for the first summons of Parliament in 1265, to approve the granting of taxation.
4337:, is a feature of some versions of direct democracies. In this system, important governmental and administrative tasks are performed by citizens picked from a lottery.
17459:
14929:
10181:
4393:
government is exercised by delegation to an executive ministry and subject to ongoing review, checks and balances by the legislative parliament elected by the people.
2309:, provided representation and voting rights to its male aristocracy only. Various Italian city-states and polities had republic forms of government. For instance, the
1820:, and social norms by which individuals and institutions only consider acceptable acts that reflect the first two principles of upward control and political equality.
3863:
Because democracy is an overarching concept that includes the functioning of diverse institutions which are not easy to measure, limitations exist in quantifying and
9361:
North, Douglass C.; Weingast, Barry R. (1989). "Constitutions and Commitment: The Evolution of Institutions Governing Public Choice in Seventeenth-Century England".
7745:
5901:, which erode the democratic nature of governments. This has happened on a local level even in well-established democracies like the United States; for example, the
3506:
suggests that ideological political parties are necessary to act as a mediating broker between individual and governments. Downs laid out this view in his 1957 book
3987:
13532:
2094:, staged in c.463 BC, where he mentions "the demos's ruling hand" . Before that time, the word used to define the new political system of Cleisthenes was probably
13029:
5756:
to an undemocratic form of government. Domestic military coups or rebellions are the most common means by which democratic governments have been overthrown. (See
2765:
in 1791 set limits on government power to protect personal freedoms but had little impact on judgements by the courts for the first 130 years after ratification.
1793:, every vote has (in theory) equal weight, and the freedom of eligible citizens is secured by legitimised rights and liberties which are typically enshrined in a
22850:
7328:
3201:
The liberal trend spread to some states in Africa in the 1990s, most prominently in South Africa. Some recent examples of attempts of liberalisation include the
2788:, introduced political equality between townspeople and nobility, and placed the peasants under the protection of the government, mitigating the worst abuses of
5411:
1960 to 2010. Acemoglu said this was because democracies tended to invest more in health care and human capital, and reduce special treatment of regime allies.
3275:
17385:
12781:
7050:
2832:
2828:
13445:
11789:
Democracy and Autocracy, Why do Democracies Develop and Decline, Vol. 21(1) June 2023, Democracy and Autocracy Section, American Political Science Association
7832:
3735:
Democracy indices differ in scope and weighting of different aspects of democracy, including the breadth of core democratic institutions, competitiveness and
3167:
countries. The most successful of the new democracies were those geographically and culturally closest to western Europe, and they are now either part of the
2980:
empires resulted in the creation of new nation-states in Europe, most of them at least nominally democratic. In the 1920s democratic movements flourished and
17452:
16064:
15320:
Donges, Patrick; Jarren, Otfried (2014). "Mediatization of Organizations: Changing Parties and Interest Groups?". In Esser, Frank; StrömbÀck, Jesper (eds.).
6758:. Fierce economic competition may force the mass media to divert themselves from any democratic ideals and focus entirely on how to survive the competition.
5228:
Aside from the public sphere, similar democratic principles and mechanisms of voting and representation have been used to govern other kinds of groups. Many
4958:, purports to describe a political system that combines a structured ethnic dominance with democratic, political and civil rights for all. Both the dominant
2836:
15681:
Pickard, Victor (2020). "The Public Media Option: Confronting Policy Failure in an Age of Misinformation". In Bennett, W. Lance; Livingston, Steven (eds.).
10686:
22840:
10620:
6862:, personalities, and the pecadillos of politicians. Public service broadcasters are characterized by more policy-relevant information and more respect for
5674:
Robert Michels asserts that although democracy can never be fully realised, democracy may be developed automatically in the act of striving for democracy:
2070:, what is generally held as the first example of a type of democracy in 508â507 BC was established in Athens. Cleisthenes is referred to as "the father of
12947:
9964:
2628:
who founded these colonies applied the democratic organisation of their congregations also to the administration of their communities in worldly matters.
7561:
2773:
1514:
14177:
Rindermann, H (2008). "Relevance of education and intelligence for the political development of nations: Democracy, rule of law and political liberty".
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5641:
Evidence consistent with conventional theories of why democracy emerges and is sustained has been hard to come by. Statistical analyses have challenged
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13555:
9679:
The ungovernable rock: a history of the Anglo-Corsican Kingdom and its role in Britain's Mediterranean strategy during the Revolutionary War, 1793â1797
10979:
7865:
6889:
of the large news media. This is often seen as an advantage for democracy. The new possibilities for communication have fundamentally changed the way
1665:. Today, the dominant form of democracy is representative democracy, where citizens elect government officials to govern on their behalf such as in a
21662:
16320:
15785:
Voltmer, Katrin; Sorensen, Lone (2019). "Media, Power, Citizenship: The Mediatization of Democratic Change". In Voltmer, Katrin; et al. (eds.).
10763:
8312:
15801:
15335:
Esser, Frank (2013). "Mediatization as a Challenge: Media Logic versus Political Logic". In Kriesi, Hanspeter; Esser, Frank; BĂŒhlmann, Marc (eds.).
2301:
in 1188, the Cortes had authority over setting taxation, foreign affairs and legislating, though the exact nature of its role remains disputed. The
15034:
9848:
9301:
6823:
is emerging when different people read different news and watch different TV channels. This polarization has been worsened by the emergence of the
3404:). He also thought that there was a good and a bad variant of each system (he considered democracy to be the degenerate counterpart to timocracy).
15499:
Nielsen, Rasmus Kleis (2016). "The Business of News". In Witschge, Tamara; Anderson, Christopher William; Domingo, David; Hermida, Alfred (eds.).
14758:
12291:; Brewer, Paul; Shaw, Anthony; Chandler, Malcolm; Cheshire, Gerard; Cranfield, Ingrid; Ralph Lewis, Brenda; Sutherland, Joe; Vint, Robert (2003).
4105:
3352:
Countries autocratising (red) or democratising (blue) substantially and significantly (2010â2020). Countries in grey are substantially unchanged.
2754:
12979:
11788:
10497:
8844:
8412:
1816:
One theory holds that democracy requires three fundamental principles: upward control (sovereignty residing at the lowest levels of authority),
22855:
19816:
18843:
18581:
17632:
16004:
11040:
3980:: Executive president is independent of the legislature; head of government is appointed by the president and is accountable to the legislature
18954:
10797:
10107:
10048:
6850:
obligations as a means to improve the democratic process by providing the kind of political contents that a free market does not provide. The
6774:, conflict, and competitive strategies has made voters perceive the politicians as egoists rather than idealists. This fosters mistrust and a
6746:
A principled resistance to the efforts of forces outside the media to subvert their independence, integrity, and ability to serve the audience
5630:
to increasing tolerance, rationality, political literacy and participation. Two effects of education and cognitive ability are distinguished:
22880:
17903:
17893:
13814:
10350:
10217:
9331:
6563:
5906:
5474:
3348:
3330:
652:
15666:
Gunther, Richard; Mugham, Anthony (2000). "The Political Impact of the Media: A Reassessment". In Gunther, Richard; Mugham, Anthony (eds.).
11819:"The scientific limits of understanding the (potential) relationship between complex social phenomena: the case of democracy and inequality"
11530:
10321:
9934:
8938:
6948:
1689:(e.g. Switzerland) are applied. They serve the crucial purpose of inclusiveness and broader legitimacy on sensitive issuesâcounterbalancing
22225:
14988:
10549:
10398:
6558:
5813:, in which the leader of the government extra-legally seizes all power or unlawfully extends the term in office. This can be done through:
647:
10831:
10646:"Archives of Maryland, Volume 0138, Page 0051 â Constitutional Revision Study Documents of the Constitutional Convention Commission, 1968"
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9184:
5531:
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systems, with some using a combination of the two. Some representative democracies also incorporate elements of direct democracy, such as
14642:
6897:
operate and organize. The internet and social media have provided powerful new tools for democracy movements in developing countries and
6605:
3361:
3175:. In 1986, after the toppling of the most prominent Asian dictatorship, the only democratic state of its kind at the time emerged in the
3172:
694:
12211:
9272:
2371:, safeguarding individual freedom against unlawful imprisonment with the right to appeal. The first representative national assembly in
20606:
20247:
18002:
17913:
5757:
5108:
conflicts; and equality among citizens, beyond the limits of the state. To be fully implemented, this would require reforming existing
12452:
Taussig, Capt. J. K., "Experiences during the Boxer Rebellion," in Quarterdeck and Fo'c'sle. Chicago: Rand McNally & Company, 1963
12185:
10124:
7149:
1922:
are considered important to ensure that voters are well informed, enabling them to vote according to their own interests and beliefs.
22795:
18045:
17968:
16433:
15281:
Bucy, Erik P.; D'Angelo, Paul (1999). "The Crisis of Political Communication: Normative Critiques of News and Democratic Processes".
15204:
13995:
8874:
6641:
5653:
Some scholars have searched for the "deep" determinants of contemporary political institutions, be they geographical or demographic.
5444:
peacekeeping missions. The Planification Avancée des Missions Intégrées (APIM), or Advanced Mission Planning Course, was held by the
4351:
Representative democracy involves the election of government officials by the people being represented. If the head of state is also
4227:
731:
14375:
12686:
The Transitional Program for Socialist Revolution: Including The Death Agony of Capitalism and the Tasks of the Fourth International
2245:, there existed various systems involving elections or assemblies, although often only involving a small part of the population. In
1657:
The notion of democracy has evolved considerably over time. Throughout history, one can find evidence of direct democracy, in which
22069:
20791:
19596:
17529:
17330:
15263:
Gurevitch, Michael; Blumler, Jay G. (1990). "Political Communication Systems and Democratic Values". In Lichtenberg, Judith (ed.).
10519:
9831:
9782:
3416:
famously said, "if a republic is small, it is destroyed by an outside force; if it is large, it is destroyed by an internal vice."
2816:
2812:
2522:
Renewed interest in the Magna Carta, the English Civil War, and the Glorious Revolution in the 17th century prompted the growth of
945:
15368:
Vreese, Claes H. de (2014). "Mediatization of News: The Role of Journalistic Framing". In Esser, Frank; StrömbÀck, Jesper (eds.).
12657:
2367:(1215), which explicitly protected certain rights of the King's subjects and implicitly supported what became the English writ of
2170:, although it didn't have much of a democracy. The Roman model of governance inspired many political thinkers over the centuries.
21709:
21399:
20701:
18616:
18262:
10784:
3565:
report identifying citizens assemblies as an increasingly popular mechanism to involve citizens in governmental decision-making.
3152:
2824:
1507:
13971:
10645:
10255:
2988:
brought disenchantment and most of the countries of Europe, Latin America, and Asia turned to strong-man rule or dictatorships.
22157:
20820:
19034:
18706:
17908:
17849:
17519:
11504:
10920:
9555:
7054:
6749:
A sense of respect for the audience member, as potentially concerned and able to make sense of his or her political environment
5395:
argue that democracies are more economically successful because undemocratic political systems tend to limit markets and favor
14669:
Chull Shin, Doh (2021). "Democratic deconsolidation in East Asia: exploring system realignments in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan".
10598:"General Assembly declares 15 September International Day of Democracy; Also elects 18 Members to Economic and Social Council"
9616:
4316:
are often used, especially in rural areas, to manage local government. This creates a hybrid form of government, with a local
3360:" in the 2010s were attributed to economic inequality and social discontent, personalism, poor government's management of the
3338:
1777:
Although democracy is generally understood to be defined by voting, no consensus exists on a precise definition of democracy.
22735:
20808:
16313:
16215:
16100:
16081:
16023:
15980:
15959:
15426:
15014:
14867:
14558:
14486:
14455:
14409:
14311:
14055:
14021:
13917:
13784:
13751:
13710:
13669:
13368:
13128:
12694:
12667:
12640:
12354:
12329:
12163:
12072:
12026:
11984:
11960:
11936:
11913:
11689:
11655:
11514:
11405:
11384:
11364:
11340:
11316:
11243:
11105:
11015:
10481:
10151:
10084:
10011:
9889:
9734:
9686:
9585:
9521:
9497:
9422:
9160:
8907:
8820:
8783:
8756:
8648:
8621:
8594:
8533:
8477:
8453:
8282:
8216:
8159:
8122:
8052:
7994:
7969:
7898:
7802:
7772:
7683:
7655:
7431:
7407:
7283:
7188:
7067:
4605:
3113:
2859:
2729:
15120:
14921:
7985:
Snyder, Richard; Samuels, David (2006), "Devaluing the vote in Latin America", in Diamond, Larry; Plattner, Marc F. (eds.),
17943:
17928:
14117:
9575:
9250:
7104:
5827:
3873:
3311:). In a Freedom House report released in 2018, Democracy Scores for most countries declined for the 12th consecutive year.
3206:
2907:
15514:
Cinelli, Matteo; Morales, Gianmarco De Francisci; Galeazzi, Alessandro; Quattrociocchi, Walter; Starnini, Michele (2021).
7742:
5723:
in the process of government selection. Democratic decline involves the weakening of democratic institutions, such as the
5081:
are preferred. The term applies to all democratic countries in which religion is incorporated into the form of government.
2325:, a distinctly non-feudal society, the right to vote on local matters and on county officials was based on land size. The
21509:
21419:
18779:
17923:
17859:
16260:
10575:
5800:
4098:
3857:
2380:
55:
21534:
19074:
16661:
12684:
8175:
3872:, are generally not included in democracy indices due to the difficulty measuring these aspects. Other aspects, such as
3151:
by the mid-to-late 1980s. Economic malaise in the 1980s, along with resentment of Soviet oppression, contributed to the
19809:
18574:
17978:
17627:
16173:
16141:
15188:
15155:
13150:
13036:
11864:
Schmitter, Philippe C. and Terry Lynn Karl. 1991. "What Democracy is.. . and is Not." Journal of Democracy 2 (3): 75-88
11087:
7084:
5835:
2839:(1870) that gave black males a nominal right to vote. Full enfranchisement of citizens was not secured until after the
2750:
2673:
1500:
13844:
Lipset, Seymour Martin. (1959). "Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy".
13425:
9228:
8969:
7300:
5123:
Cosmopolitan democracy has been promoted, among others, by physicist Albert Einstein, writer Kurt Vonnegut, columnist
2922:
became the first country in the world (except for the short-lived 18th-century Corsican Republic) to establish active
2652:. Athena has been used as an international symbol of freedom and democracy since at least the late eighteenth century.
22900:
19601:
17958:
17953:
17933:
17758:
15578:"Toward a Theory of Pernicious Polarization and How It Harms Democracies: Comparative Evidence and Possible Remedies"
13326:
12304:
12262:
9206:
8773:
7092:
5968:
5831:
5697:
5543:
4352:
3342:
3238:
2961:
Painting depicting the opening of the first Australian Parliament in 1901, one of the events that formed part of the
2934:
2657:
2376:
14425:
8746:
8676:
Lightfoot, Sheryl R. (2021). "Decolonizing Self-Determination: Haudenosaunee Passports and Negotiated Sovereignty".
5785:
3729:, or continuous values. The qualitative nature of democracy indices enables data analytical approaches for studying
22730:
22091:
21479:
19929:
19130:
18541:
18012:
17948:
17480:
16917:
16306:
14438:
Acemoglu, Daron; Johnson, Simon; Robinson, James (2005). "Institutions as a fundamental cause of long-run growth".
14392:
Acemoglu, Daron; Johnson, Simon; Robinson, James (2005). "Institutions as a fundamental cause of long-run growth".
13613:"Political Efficacy and Participation in Twenty-Seven Democracies: How Electoral Systems Shape Political Behaviour"
11235:
Deudney, D.: Bounding Power: Republican Security Theory from the Polis to the Global Village. (eBook and Paperback)
6920:
Reliable information sources are essential for the democratic process. Less democratic governments rely heavily on
6515:
6415:
5637:
an ethical effect (support of democratic values, freedom, human rights etc.), which itself depends on intelligence.
2891:
604:
504:
15711:
Thoday, Jon (2018). "Public Service Television and the Crisis of Content". In Freedman, Des; Goblot, Vana (eds.).
10231:
10205:
4652:
asked him "Well, Doctor, what have we gotâa republic or a monarchy?". He replied "A republicâif you can keep it."
4206:
Within modern-day representative governments, certain electoral tools like referendums, citizens' initiatives and
22830:
22765:
21810:
20435:
20286:
19674:
18999:
17983:
16231:
14512:
Mietzner, Marcus (2021). "Sources of resistance to democratic decline: Indonesian civil society and its trials".
11061:
7108:
6863:
6598:
5902:
4998:
in all fields of social life: political democracy in the form of face-to-face assemblies which are confederated,
4711:
4219:
2981:
2498:
in 1679 which strengthened the convention that forbade detention lacking sufficient cause or evidence. After the
2163:
1385:
687:
19432:
14570:
Laebens, Melis G.; LĂŒhrmann, Anna (2021). "What halts democratic erosion? The changing role of accountability".
9603:
Democracy's Privileged Few. Legislative Privilege and Democratic Norms in the British and American Constitutions
9319:
in parliamentary debates, and some basic human rights, most famously freedom from 'cruel or unusual punishment'.
8242:"The Dawn of Everything by David Graeber and David Wengrow review â inequality is not the price of civilisation"
6632:
Criticism of democracy has been a key part of democracy, its functions, and its development throughout history.
5817:
3721:
The democracies indices differ in whether they are categorical, such as classifying countries into democracies,
2745:. The Constitution provided for an elected government and protected civil rights and liberties, but did not end
22021:
21636:
21489:
20375:
19547:
18789:
17918:
17675:
17363:
17166:
13933:
Gibler, Douglas M.; Owsiak, Andrew (2017). "Democracy and the Settlement of International Borders, 1919â2001".
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12372:
10946:
9973:
7724:
7575:
4291:
4091:
3269:
3210:
1934:
1192:
1147:
17:
18979:
11764:
11531:"Innovative Citizen Participation and New Democratic Institutions: Catching the Deliberative Wave | en | OECD"
7527:
5789:
3557:
after authentically deliberating on a proposal, then they vote on the proposal using a form of majority rule.
2027:
Retrospectively different polities, outside of declared democracies, have been described as proto-democratic.
22174:
21676:
21549:
20771:
19802:
19782:
19211:
18858:
18567:
18322:
18176:
18038:
17829:
17297:
14145:
12718:
10273:
Elections in the Ott Empire (1995).pdf "Elections and the Electoral Process in the Ottoman Empire, 1876â1919"
8611:
8580:
7088:
6714:
are focusing more on entertainment and gossip and less on serious journalistic research on political issues.
6370:
5871:
5392:
5376:
5229:
4892:
3718:
assessments of the state of democracy for different countries according to various definitions of democracy.
3605:
3313:
3202:
2594:
1766:
1540:
1018:
459:
19120:
8638:
6932:
in order to stay in power, while independent sources of information are able to undermine their legitimacy.
5777:
5608:, but this study shows that, historically, peace has almost always predated the establishment of democracy.
22785:
22770:
22665:
21574:
21569:
21263:
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pp. 6, 13, 18: "Dictatorships are on the rise and harbor 70% of the world population â 5.4 billion people."
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6831:. Extreme political polarization may undermine the trust in democratic institutions, leading to erosion of
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2002:
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as a head of state, even if these states also are representative democracies with an elected or appointed
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and the pursuit of happiness would not be trampled by majorities." What was critical to American values,
4612:, which in their view often came without the protection of a constitution enshrining inalienable rights;
4371:
3990:: Head of government (president or directory) is elected by the legislature, but is not accountable to it
2882:
as rulers were confronted with popular demands for liberal constitutions and more democratic government.
2554:
2257:. These deliberative bodies were responsible for settling political questions, and variants included the
1212:
727:
549:
314:
9305:
9034:
MĂžller, JĂžrgen (2014). "Why Europe Avoided Hegemony: A Historical Perspective on the Balance of Power".
2582:. His liberal democratic framework of governance remains the preeminent form of democracy in the world.
1867:, the principles also are potentially applicable to private organisations, such as clubs, societies and
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19914:
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19221:
19146:
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18949:
17877:
17839:
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11268:"Public Space as Emancipation: Meditations on Anarchism, Radical Democracy, Neoliberalism and Violence"
10832:
https://www.v-dem.net/media/filer_public/74/8c/748c68ad-f224-4cd7-87f9-8794add5c60f/dr_2021_updated.pdf
10425:"Did the United States Create Democracy in Germany?: The Independent Review: The Independent Institute"
6591:
5950:
4673:, where the ability of the elected representatives to exercise decision-making power is subject to the
4550:). An elected person, with or without significant powers, became the head of state in these countries.
4283:
3977:
3126:
3083:
2781:
2758:
2738:
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are often identified by commentators as foundational characteristics for a well-functioning democracy.
1033:
680:
35:
20571:
19059:
19009:
17444:
14208:
Albertus, Michael; Menaldo, Victor (2012). "Coercive Capacity and the Prospects for Democratisation".
12741:
10621:"'The last milestone' on the journey to full adult suffrage? 50 years of debates about the voting age"
5843:
Royal coup, in which a monarch not normally involved in government seizes all power. For example, the
5826:
to obtain re-election of a previously fairly elected official or political party. For example, in the
3101:
emerged as the world's largest democracy and continues to be so. Countries that were once part of the
2166:
was the first case in the Western world of a polity being formed with the explicit purpose of being a
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22710:
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20561:
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4888:
3554:
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2006:
1844:
1697:, the powers of the majority are exercised within the framework of a representative democracy, but a
39:
14759:"Waves of autocratization and democratization: a critical note on conceptualization and measurement"
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8848:
5139:
in 2003 was seen as a major step forward by many supporters of this type of cosmopolitan democracy.
4282:
is a semi-direct democracy. At the federal level, citizens can propose changes to the constitution (
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in its favour, then a branch of the system can accumulate too much power and destroy the democracy.
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15726:
Schulz, Winfried (2014). "Mediatization and New Media". In Esser, Frank; StrömbÀck, Jesper (eds.).
13810:"The Matthew effect in political science: head start and key reforms important for democratization"
12935:
12767:
The Political Potential of Sortition: A study of the random selection of citizens for public office
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10737:
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extensively studied the historic attempts at and arguments on democracy in his preparation for the
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4503:. Strongly limited constitutional monarchies, such as the United Kingdom, have been referred to as
4428:
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3600:
3304:
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1790:
1594:
783:
584:
429:
289:
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Broadcasting, voice, and accountability: A public interest approach to policy, law, and regulation
15305:
Blumler, Jay G. (2014). "Mediatization and Democracy". In Esser, Frank; StrömbÀck, Jesper (eds.).
14953:"Hybrid regimes and the challenges of deepening and sustaining democracy in developing countries1"
9335:
6874:
has put the public service model under increased pressure from competition with commercial media.
5120:, which ideally would enhance public control over, and accountability in, international politics.
4581:
has many different meanings, but today often refers to a representative democracy with an elected
2962:
2733:
property ownership or taxpaying requirements. With few exceptions, no blacks or women could vote.
2101:
Athenian democracy took the form of direct democracy, and it had two distinguishing features: the
1937:
because it is defined as a form of government in which all eligible citizens have an equal say in
1878:
is the dominant form. Without compensation, like legal protections of individual or group rights,
1738:, as distinct from that which existed in antiquity, is generally considered to have originated in
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21795:
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19369:
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12603:
12577:"'A republic, if you can keep it': Did Ben Franklin really say Impeachment Day's favorite quote?"
11458:"When do deliberative citizens change their opinions? Evidence from the Irish Citizens' Assembly"
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believe in direct democracy implemented through a system of communes (which are sometimes called
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Representatives may be elected or become diplomatic representatives by a particular district (or
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systems. World public opinion strongly favors democratic systems of government. According to the
1631:
1441:
1008:
589:
524:
434:
409:
264:
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12468:
O'Neil, Patrick H. Essentials of Comparative Politics. 3rd ed. New York: W.W. Norton 2010. Print
10424:
10402:
9722:
Voting in Revolutionary America: A Study of Elections in the Original Thirteen States, 1776â1789
6721:
have proposed a number of functions that the mass media are expected to fulfill in a democracy:
6671:
moments in modern democracies; they have termed the societies produced by modern democracies as
4049:: Committee of military leaders controls the government; constitutional provisions are suspended
2074:". The first attested use of the word democracy is found in prose works of the 430s BC, such as
66: allowed tens of millions of South Africans, including Mandela, to vote for the first time.
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22339:
22270:
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21736:
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19894:
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16603:
16598:
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The Disinformation Age: Politics, Technology, and Disruptive Communication in the United States
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12909:
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6618:
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6282:
6210:
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5328:
5091:
5033:
4927:
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are considered by many scholars as practical examples of deliberative democracy, with a recent
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30:
For representative democracy, which operates under the principles of classical liberalism, see
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16266:
15180:
15106:
13660:
Hawkins, Kirk Andrew; Carlin, Ryan E.; Littvay, Levente; Rovira Kaltwasser, CristĂłbal (eds.).
12014:
10850:
Greskovitz, BĂ©la (2015). "The Hollowing and Backsliding of Democracy in East-Central Europe".
10373:
9879:
9334:. Bureau of International Information Programs (IIP), U.S. Department of State. Archived from
8897:
6706:
The theory of democracy relies on the implicit assumption that voters are well informed about
3248:
1947:, though often popularly associated with democracy because of the shared principle of rule by
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17544:
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16513:
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13458:
Meernik, James (1996). "United States Military Intervention and the Promotion of Democracy".
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9720:
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469:
449:
424:
419:
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361:
336:
20736:
19417:
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15172:
12829:"The Calculus of Consensus Democracy: Rethinking Patterns of Democracy Without Veto Players"
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10074:
9442:
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7368:
5047:
again autonomous regarding issues that affect only the population affected by that council.
4813:. To many anarchists, the only form of democracy considered acceptable is direct democracy.
2293:
composed of cardinals since 1059. The first documented parliamentary body in Europe was the
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22620:
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9489:
9414:
9408:
7003:
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6355:
6257:
6190:
6121:
6116:
6096:
6002:
5879:
5712:
5642:
5473:
in 1990 to nearly 20% in 2005. More controversially and rare, it can also take the form of
5465:
International democracy promotion typically takes three forms: assistance, monitoring, and
5460:
5400:
5304:. The shareholder democracy framework may be inaccurate for companies which have different
5271:
5196:
4858:
4768:
4719:
4707:
4694:
4670:
4421:
4387:
3916:
3897:
3715:
3499:
2769:
2719:
2523:
2418:
granted the sejmiks the right to decide on taxes and to convene a mass mobilization in the
2415:
2314:
2310:
1984:
1919:
1666:
642:
444:
346:
279:
210:
205:
185:
91:
20900:
19563:
19442:
15079:"Democratic Athens as an Experimental System: History and the Project of Political Theory"
14901:
14884:
14342:
13401:
13384:
13164:
13145:
12370:
Fenichel Pitkin, Hanna (September 2004). "Representation and democracy: uneasy alliance".
10597:
9120:
9103:
4174:
and information brochures for each vote (and can send it back by post). Switzerland has a
1693:âand therefore mostly take precedence on a constitutional level. In the common variant of
8:
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16578:
14605:
Daly, Tom Gerald (2019). "Democratic Decay: Conceptualising an Emerging Research Field".
12581:
12238:
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8324:
R. Po-chia Hsia, Lynn Hunt, Thomas R. Martin, Barbara H. Rosenwein, and Bonnie G. Smith,
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that allow people to communicate mainly with groups of like-minded people, the so-called
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In other countries, the monarchy was abolished along with the aristocratic system (as in
4500:
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first appeared in ancient Greek political and philosophical thought in the city-state of
1911:
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Rhodes-Purdy, Matthew; Madrid, RaĂșl L. (27 November 2019). "The perils of personalism".
10527:
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9751:
8377:
Davies, John K. (1977). "Athenian Citizenship: The Descent Group and the Alternatives".
8068:
8015:
The Age of the Democratic Revolution: Political History of Europe and America, 1760â1800
7794:
Comparative Politics: Interests, Identities, and Institutions in a Changing Global Order
4714:
are some examples. Many democratic socialists and social democrats believe in a form of
3743:, freedom of expression, various aspects of governance, democratic norm transgressions,
1967:. In a modern sense the republican form of government is a form of government without a
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a cognitive effect (competence to make rational choices, better information-processing)
5297:
5148:
4999:
4854:
4748:
4723:
4594:
4360:
4334:
4195:
3958:
Head of government (president) is popularly elected and independent of the legislature
3890:
3759:
3428:
Among modern political theorists, there are three contending conceptions of democracy:
3106:
3097:, and again most of the new independent states had nominally democratic constitutions.
2947:
2923:
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249:
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165:
130:
125:
113:
63:
21063:
19494:
18663:
15404:
Soft news goes to war. Public opinion and american foreign policy in the new media era
15236:
Barnett, Steven (2002). "Will a crisis in journalism provoke a crisis in democracy?".
14447:
14401:
14079:
10785:"Freedom House: Democracy Scores for Most Countries Decline for 12th Consecutive Year"
9881:
Encyclopedia of Minorities in American Politics: African Americans and Asian Americans
7342:
3329:, in countries like Poland, Turkey and Hungary. For example, in Poland, the President
2544:
led lives that were "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short" and constantly waged a
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13406:
13364:
13304:
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13086:
12922:
Smooha, S. 'The model of ethnic democracy: Israel as a Jewish and democratic state',
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12813:
12690:
12663:
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5489:
Democracy promotion can increase the quality of already existing democracies, reduce
5132:
5003:
4895:
is a consociational democracy approach for supranational democracies. This system in
4884:
4818:
4795:
4794:). This system can begin with workplace democracy and ultimately manifests itself as
4744:
4661:
4617:
4558:
4026:
3707:
3595:
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2419:
2137:
1915:
1825:
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1623:
1615:
1446:
1167:
998:
950:
778:
711:
632:
559:
284:
274:
220:
101:
74:
31:
22885:
20648:
19568:
18989:
14984:
14162:
13873:
13776:
13702:
13646:
13479:
13099:
11842:
10307:
Elections in Asia and the Pacific: South East Asia, East Asia, and the South Pacific
9550:
9137:
7621:
7180:
4359:. The most common mechanisms involve election of the candidate with a majority or a
2726:, something that was not included in most other democracies until the 20th century.
2016:
turn despotic. At the same time, small political units were vulnerable to conquest.
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22265:
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15757:
15589:
15545:
15535:
15473:
15245:
15086:
14964:
14896:
14827:
14773:
14723:
14704:
Hyde, Susan D. (2020). "Democracy's backsliding in the international environment".
14678:
14651:
14614:
14579:
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14443:
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13506:
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13335:
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13262:
13246:
Daron Acemoglu; Suresh Naidu; Pascual Restrepo; James A. Robinson (February 2019).
13228:
13169:
13159:
13074:
12871:
12840:
12793:
12381:
12151:
11887:
11830:
11569:
11469:
11287:
11149:
11093:
10886:
10859:
10701:
9972:. Minda de Gunzburg Center for European Studies, Harvard University. Archived from
9815:
9766:
9390:
9370:
9115:
9074:
9043:
9000:
8808:
8685:
8470:
Reproducing Athens: Menander's Comedy, Democratic Culture, and the Hellenistic City
8147:
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7733:
7587:
7473:
7457:
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7246:
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5383:
5344:
5171:
5117:
5011:
4995:
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4125:
4002:
3877:
3748:
3492:
3477:
3230:
3226:
3048:
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2911:
2850:
The voting franchise in the United Kingdom was expanded and made more uniform in a
2685:
2590:
2508:
2487:
2250:
2012:
1798:
1758:
1713:
1709:
1678:
1662:
1582:
1279:
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1046:
788:
768:
569:
564:
514:
341:
229:
190:
180:
160:
21203:
19447:
15728:
Mediatization of politics: Understanding the transformation of Western democracies
15698:
Mediatization of politics: Understanding the transformation of Western democracies
15370:
Mediatization of politics: Understanding the transformation of Western democracies
15322:
Mediatization of politics: Understanding the transformation of Western democracies
15307:
Mediatization of politics: Understanding the transformation of Western democracies
14832:
14815:
14777:
14682:
14583:
14525:
13510:
12875:
11834:
10890:
10159:
8326:
The Making of the West, Peoples and Cultures, A Concise History, Volume I: To 1740
7818:
6790:
has allowed military logic to penetrate public institutions, leading to increased
5266:
3260:, in 2007 there were 123 electoral democracies (up from 40 in 1972). According to
2957:
2333:
into ruling clans (lineages) that were represented at a great assembly called the
1639:
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21981:
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17698:
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16558:
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16013:
15949:
14472:
14190:
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14011:
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13118:
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11917:
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10259:
9912:
9559:
9509:
8545:
8305:
8013:
7957:
7749:
7662:
7537:
7273:
6995:
6973:
6890:
6700:
Further information on the role of the mass media in the democratic process:
6581:
6405:
6365:
6150:
5736:
5611:
5577:
5571:
5493:, and the chance of democratic backsliding. Democracy promotion measures include
5404:
5324:
4967:
4963:
4821:
4207:
4178:
system and votes (and elections) are organised about four times a year; here, to
4036:
3921:
Head of government is elected or nominated by and accountable to the legislature
3752:
3481:
3308:
3214:
3139:
3135:
3063:
3052:
2977:
2855:
2723:
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2552:
would posit a different interpretation of social contract theory. Writing in his
2541:
2401:
2389:
2326:
2322:
2282:
2155:
1926:
1860:
1690:
1651:
1575:
1563:
1490:
1463:
1319:
1309:
1106:
1003:
670:
494:
454:
239:
19586:
16245:
16015:
The early history of Rome: books I-V of The history of Rome from its foundations
15061:
A/AS Level History for AQA Democracy and Nazism: Germany, 1918â1945 Student Book
13494:
13471:
13232:
12479:"64. The British Empire in 1914. Wells, H.G. 1922. A Short History of the World"
8361:
7700:
6854:
has recommended public service broadcasting in order to strengthen democracy in
22905:
22825:
22780:
22720:
22685:
22477:
22390:
22295:
22203:
21994:
21828:
21751:
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20696:
20658:
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20483:
20340:
20171:
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19709:
19659:
19517:
19394:
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19379:
19275:
19201:
19110:
19105:
18928:
18903:
18883:
18868:
18853:
18838:
18485:
18454:
18442:
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18352:
18317:
18312:
18244:
18106:
18101:
18054:
17575:
17514:
17504:
17499:
17253:
17248:
17132:
16902:
16827:
16731:
16696:
16347:
16195:(2016) "What is Democracy? A Reconceptualization of the Quality of Democracy".
16117:
14618:
14299:
14221:
13828:
13809:
13533:"Book Review: Against Elections: The Case for Democracy by David Van Reybrouck"
12530:
12296:
12088:, Chapter Three: Who is Running the Show? The Workings of Zapatista Government.
11352:
10447:"World | South Asia | Country profiles | Country profile: India"
8923:
6929:
6802:
6770:
and less as debates about ideologies and issues. The dominating media focus on
6729:
6510:
6400:
6170:
5883:
5823:
5749:
5502:
5466:
5445:
5388:
5275:
5257:
5124:
5113:
5078:
4976:
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4862:
4828:
for opposing democracy, and says "majority rule" is consistent with anarchism.
4640:
4598:
4554:
4463:
4450:
4046:
3869:
3649:
3528:
3513:
3485:
3337:. In Turkey, thousands of judges were removed from their positions following a
3265:
3194:
3180:
3168:
3160:
3102:
3094:
3079:
3071:
2973:
2951:
2903:
2696:
2512:
2483:
2451:
2290:
2278:
2270:
2182:
2150:
2021:
1879:
1864:
1836:
1821:
1802:
1743:
1468:
1399:
1304:
1137:
1051:
599:
489:
259:
51:
16255:
14968:
14264:
14247:
14095:
13902:
Cultural Evolution: People's Motivations Are Changing, and Reshaping the World
13679:
13628:
13340:
13321:
13216:
13014:
11233:
11153:
11025:
10583:
9455:
Curte, Merle (1937). "The Great Mr. Locke: America's Philosopher, 1783â1861".
9374:
9079:
9062:
9004:
8899:
The First English Revolution: Simon de Montfort, Henry III and the Barons' War
8830:
8689:
7402:. Vol. 7 (Expo '70 hardcover ed.). William Benton. pp. 215â23.
7057:. It counted all residents for apportionment including slaves, overriding the
6636:
famously opposed democracy, arguing for a 'government of the best qualified';
5731:, or the violation of individual rights that underpin democracies, especially
5042:
or participatory polity is a theoretical form of democracy that is ruled by a
4994:
Inclusive democracy is a political theory and political project that aims for
3190:
2636:
1933:
of all the voters, democracy can also be characterised as a form of political
1907:
1753:
Democracy contrasts with forms of government where power is not vested in the
22926:
22860:
22745:
22660:
22605:
22465:
22385:
22280:
22130:
22123:
22016:
21969:
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21579:
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20993:
20983:
20958:
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20803:
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20628:
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20528:
20211:
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19694:
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19644:
19308:
19234:
19161:
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18994:
18908:
18863:
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18694:
18495:
18420:
18372:
18197:
18156:
18151:
18131:
18121:
17274:
16882:
16741:
16533:
16463:
16367:
16203:
15990:
15594:
15577:
15477:
14976:
14273:
13946:
13430:
13410:
12860:"The shift to consensus democracy and limits of institutional design in Asia"
12844:
11891:
11581:
11573:
11481:
11473:
11328:
11161:
10898:
10809:
10302:
9960:
9536:
9464:
9382:
9129:
9088:
9012:
8800:
8697:
8586:
8390:
8253:
8183:
7599:
7556:
7532:
7469:
7324:
7258:
7250:
7204:
6755:
6740:
Mechanisms for holding officials to account for how they have exercised power
6672:
6637:
6410:
6277:
6230:
6106:
5804:
5753:
5716:
5704:
5623:
5559:
5547:
5463:. In practice, it entails consolidating and building democratic institutions
5441:
5014:
in "Towards An Inclusive Democracy" and was further developed in the journal
4919:
4613:
4582:
4570:
4171:
4151:
4146:
3967:
3722:
3503:
3408:
3257:
2527:
2443:
2368:
2190:
1994:
1952:
1875:
1702:
1682:
1674:
1643:
1635:
1355:
1250:
1152:
1142:
983:
499:
366:
319:
195:
21687:
16272:
16034:
15828:
15540:
15249:
15007:
Comparing Political Regimes: A Thematic Introduction to Comparative Politics
14727:
14437:
14391:
13888:
Modernisation, Cultural Change and Democracy: The Human Development Sequence
13612:
12155:
12128:
10863:
7554:
Popper, Karl (23 April 1988). "The open society and its enemies revisited",
7234:
7065:. For state elections, it was not until the U.S. Supreme Court ruled 6â3 in
2894:. Later that year, a new constitution was promulgated, which provided for a
2117:
in the sense that decisions were made by the assembled people, but also the
1989:
22895:
22695:
22600:
22446:
22420:
22329:
22011:
21999:
21947:
21907:
21902:
21766:
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21243:
21233:
21223:
21088:
21083:
21023:
20998:
20968:
20963:
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20865:
20711:
20591:
20325:
20261:
20131:
20121:
20116:
20035:
20025:
19969:
19859:
19747:
19742:
19689:
19679:
19654:
19634:
19354:
19323:
19270:
19265:
19049:
18959:
18898:
18878:
18765:
18689:
18480:
18415:
18367:
18362:
18294:
18171:
18166:
17284:
17093:
16998:
16862:
16691:
16676:
16402:
16161:
15913:
15836:
15559:
15461:
15078:
14944:
14735:
14655:
14154:
13439:
12996:, first published in United Nations World New York, October 1947, pp. 13â14
12421:
Keen, Benjamin, A History of Latin America. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1980.
11875:
11509:. Theories of Institutional Design. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
11457:
8009:
7591:
7487:
6882:
6871:
6867:
6832:
6828:
6824:
6807:
6795:
6791:
6707:
5887:
5627:
5588:, including substantive political changes moving in a democratic direction.
5436:
5336:
5212:
5188:
4959:
4931:
4367:
4313:
3545:
3164:
3087:
3059:
3044:
2993:
2895:
2711:
2700:
2242:
2186:
2159:
2129:
1930:
1895:
1806:
1794:
1698:
1404:
1331:
1325:
1299:
1294:
1270:
1260:
1197:
1086:
906:
830:
16298:
15970:
13909:
13078:
12266:
12143:
11739:"The 'Varieties of Democracy' data: how do researchers measure democracy?"
11705:
11097:
9819:
9770:
8812:
8226:
7461:
7316:
3531:
argues that "democracy is a substantive, not a merely procedural, ideal."
3035:
2799:
22835:
22583:
22578:
22570:
22555:
22380:
22285:
22096:
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21835:
21800:
21258:
21253:
21188:
21183:
21033:
20905:
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20850:
20643:
20638:
20576:
20513:
20296:
20271:
20196:
20156:
20126:
20101:
20081:
20060:
20040:
20020:
20010:
19979:
19844:
19699:
19484:
19280:
19054:
18893:
18772:
18755:
18750:
18332:
18307:
18141:
18091:
17258:
17191:
17008:
16927:
16711:
16686:
16636:
16548:
16508:
16503:
16483:
16478:
16468:
16453:
16448:
15090:
15074:
14371:
13275:
13062:
12503:
11731:
11442:
Designing Deliberative Democracy: The British Columbia Citizens' Assembly
11184:"Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics, Book VIII, Chapter 10 (1160a.31-1161a.9)"
11136:
Malka, Ariel; Lelkes, Yphtach; Bakker, Bert N.; Spivack, Eliyahu (2020).
10076:
The Politics of Disenfranchisement: Why is it So Hard to Vote in America?
9571:
9441:. Quote: "Government has no other end, but the preservation of property.
8924:"Simon de Montfort: The turning point for democracy that gets overlooked"
7008:
6917:
may undermine public trust in the political system and public officials.
6836:
6718:
6664:
6390:
6081:
5875:
5661:
5305:
5245:
5241:
5237:
5233:
5208:
4930:
minority opinions can potentially be ignored by vote-winning majorities.
4741:
4674:
4508:
4479:
4471:
4455:
4309:
4272:
4212:
3726:
3413:
3389:
3326:
3318:
3300:
3176:
2969:
2919:
2851:
2793:
2792:. In force for less than 19 months, it was declared null and void by the
2364:
2352:
2330:
2246:
2234:
2067:
2017:
1964:
1829:
1778:
1769:, less than half the world's population lives in a democracy as of 2022.
1739:
1717:
1658:
1627:
1409:
1394:
1336:
1207:
1071:
870:
865:
845:
835:
825:
479:
170:
47:
18714:
15648:
Buckley, Steve; Duer, Kreszentia; Mendel, Toby; SiochrĂș, SeĂĄn Ă (2008).
13247:
13174:
12115:
Dispersing Power: Social Movements as Anti-State Forces in Latin America
11589:
11557:
11506:
Democratic Innovations: Designing Institutions for Citizen Participation
11205:
10498:"How the Westminster Parliamentary System was exported around the World"
10470:"A Globalizing Constitutionalism?, Views from the Postcolony, 1945â2000"
9639:"Record of Ignatius Sancho's vote in the general election, October 1774"
9104:"Representation and Consent: Why They Arose in Europe and Not Elsewhere"
7205:"Democracy | Definition, History, Meaning, Types, Examples, & Facts"
7071:(1966) that all state poll taxes were unconstitutional as violating the
6989:
6576:
5784:. Some military coups are supported by foreign governments, such as the
5006:, moneyless and marketless economy, democracy in the social realm, i.e.
4162:
2585:
In the Cossack republics of Ukraine in the 16th and 17th centuries, the
1485:
665:
22366:
22354:
22324:
22290:
22230:
21912:
21641:
21449:
21349:
21198:
21118:
20890:
20781:
20623:
20566:
20543:
20508:
20457:
20447:
20415:
20360:
20186:
20166:
20091:
20055:
19959:
19944:
19869:
19794:
19704:
19684:
19669:
19639:
18888:
18799:
18656:
18631:
18621:
18559:
18505:
18387:
18327:
18116:
17474:
17013:
16942:
16832:
16751:
16736:
16716:
16528:
16498:
16488:
16458:
16333:
16208:
Beasts and Gods: How Democracy Changed Its Meaning and Lost its Purpose
15894:
13865:
13637:
13597:
12805:
12632:
The Soviet Economy on the Brink of Reform: Essays in Honor of Alec Nove
10687:"Democratising democracy: the road from women's to children's suffrage"
9540:, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, pp. 63â65, 74â75, 102â05, 114â15
9472:
9404:
9047:
8398:
8206:
7935:
7501:
V-Dem Institute DEMOCRACY REPORT 2022: Autocratization Changing Nature?
6925:
6921:
6902:
6851:
6711:
6465:
6395:
6262:
5657:
5261:
5154:
5128:
4787:
4737:
4667:
4645:
4375:
4302:
4298:
4268:
4264:
4199:
3909:
3864:
3288:
3234:
3148:
3127:
Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 21, United Nations, 1948
2946:
20th-century transitions to liberal democracy have come in successive "
2571:
2549:
2439:
2298:
2254:
1754:
1590:
1571:
1559:
1414:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1346:
1187:
978:
860:
855:
719:
554:
484:
351:
15933:. National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER Working Paper No. w27949.
13581:
12980:"letter by Einstein â "To the General Assembly of the United Nations""
12478:
12148:
Referendums Around the World: The Continued Growth of Direct Democracy
12100:
Teaching Rebellion: Stories from the Grassroots Mobilization in Oaxaca
11440:
11005:
10969:
Democracy Facing Global Challenges: V-Dem Annual Democracy Report 2019
10182:"Black voting rights, 15th Amendment still challenged after 150 years"
10026:
William G. Shade, "The Second Party System". in Paul Kleppner, et al.
9514:
The Story of America: Freedom and Crisis from Settlement to Superpower
7445:
5580:, or democratisation, is the structural government transition from an
4589:, serving for a limited term, in contrast to states with a hereditary
3903:
3303:
political forces have gained ground everywhere from Poland (under the
3197:
taking the Oath of Office, becoming the first female president in Asia
2827:
after the Civil War, three constitutional amendments were passed: the
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15462:"Advances in the Study of Democratic Responsiveness: An Introduction"
14546:
14248:"The Non-Democratic Roots of Mass Education: Evidence from 200 Years"
13451:
11876:"Advances in the Study of Democratic Responsiveness: An Introduction"
11637:
11138:"Who Is Open to Authoritarian Governance within Western Democracies?"
9177:"From legal document to public myth: Magna Carta in the 17th century"
6840:
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A council court of randomly chosen citizens serves as a check on the
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2494:(1660) restored more autocratic rule, although Parliament passed the
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had its roots in the restrictions on the power of kings written into
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List. By Peter Reddaway. 18 February 2009. Downloaded 28 April 2017.
12797:
12754:
Anarchism, Or The Revolutionary Movement of the Twenty-first Century
12430:
Kuykendall, Ralph, Hawaii: A History. New York: Prentice Hall, 1948.
11671:
11647:
Power, Politics, and Society: An Introduction to Political Sociology
10798:"As populism rises, fragile democracies move to weaken their courts"
10289:
Reconstructing Gender in Middle East: Tradition, Identity, and Power
9063:"Political Institutions, Economic Liberty, and the Great Divergence"
7791:
Kopstein, Jeffrey; Lichbach, Mark; Hanson, Stephen E., eds. (2014).
5711:
in which the exercise of political power becomes more arbitrary and
5077:
is a form of democracy where the values of a particular religion or
4666:
A liberal democracy is a representative democracy which enshrines a
4179:
1903:
1899:
1863:. Though the term "democracy" is typically used in the context of a
1789:
and having equal access to legislative processes. For example, in a
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15876:
Prooijen, Jan-Willem van; Ligthart, Joline; Rosema, Sabine (2021).
15223:
Rich media, poor democracy: Communication politics in dubious times
14640:
Huq, Aziz Z (2021). "How (not) to explain a democratic recession".
14507:
14505:
13266:
7927:
7797:(4, revised ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 37â39.
6878:
6812:
6652:
6485:
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6420:
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5796:
5679:
well-being. The treasure in the fable may well symbolise democracy.
5396:
5176:
5158:
4923:
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are split in this domain, depending on whether they believe that a
4783:
4577:
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4356:
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brought a definitive reversal of this trend in Western Europe. The
3005:
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2613:
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2167:
2095:
1998:
1960:
1944:
1785:
Democratic principles are reflected in all eligible citizens being
1747:
1602:
1289:
850:
820:
763:
574:
544:
509:
331:
18023:
15744:
Zhuravskaya, Ekaterina; Petrova, Maria; Enikolopov, Ruben (2020).
15635:
Can the Media Serve Democracy?: Essays in Honour of Jay G. Blumler
15582:
The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
14327:
13808:
Lindenfors, Patrik; Wilson, Matthew; Lindberg, Staffan I. (2020).
13736:
International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences
13662:
The ideational approach to populism: concept, theory, and analysis
13016:
The Global Commonwealth of Citizens. Toward Cosmopolitan Democracy
12504:"Republic â Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary"
11267:
10723:
from the original on 20 April 2017 – via Rutgers University.
8506:
6846:
Many media scholars have discussed non-commercial news media with
5432:
5335:, i.e. an election, and that political decisions must reflect the
4740:
groups have interpreted socialist democracy to be synonymous with
4363:
of the votes. Most western countries have representative systems.
2388:
to Europe's relative political fragmentation. Political scientist
22705:
22560:
22472:
21651:
21564:
20452:
20420:
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20181:
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19974:
19899:
19884:
19864:
18470:
17524:
17223:
16988:
16947:
16892:
16867:
16721:
16543:
16443:
15205:
Time to Remove the Bananas...and Return Our Republic to Democracy
14858:
Cassani, Andrea; Tomini, Luca (2019). "What Autocratization Is".
14424:
Mellinger, Andrew D., Jeffrey Sachs, and John L. Gallup. (1999).
13659:
13322:"Reanalysing the link between democracy and economic development"
11611:
11556:
Geissel, Brigitte; Kneuer, Marianne; Lauth, Hans-Joachim (2016).
10006:] (in Polish). Polish Scientific Publishers PWN. p. 12.
8176:"Book IX. Of Laws in the Relation They Bear to a Defensive Force"
6676:
6668:
5858:
can end democracy in a gradual manner, by increasing emphasis on
5296:
principle. Shareholders may vote annually to elect the company's
4779:
4590:
4535:
4531:
4527:
4475:
4321:
4235:
4074:
3393:
3242:
3013:
3009:
2989:
2789:
2734:
2625:
2597:
was elected by the representatives from the country's districts.
2262:
2258:
1968:
1647:
1091:
928:
918:
16269:, hundreds of interviews with democracy experts around the world
14816:"A third wave of autocratization is here: what is new about it?"
14750:
14502:
13190:
11757:
10232:"1848 " DĂ©sormais le bulletin de vote doit remplacer le fusil ""
8482:
6659:. They have characterized most modern democracies as democratic
2422:. He also pledged not to create new laws without their consent.
1874:
Democracies may use many different decision-making methods, but
22725:
20400:
20201:
19989:
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19954:
19924:
19909:
18760:
17228:
17063:
17018:
16357:
16352:
16012:
Livy; De SĂ©lincourt, A.; Ogilvie, R. M.; Oakley, S. P. (2002).
14951:
Rocha Menocal, Alina; Fritz, Verena; Rakner, Lise (June 2008).
14885:"Unwelcome Change: Coming to Terms with Democratic Backsliding"
13103:
11456:
Suiter, Jane; Farrell, David M; O'Malley, Eoin (1 March 2016).
11041:"History tells us there are four key threats to U.S. democracy"
7444:
Anderson, Christopher J.; Bol, Damien; Ananda, Aurelia (2021).
7075:
of the Fourteenth Amendment. This removed a burden on the poor.
6505:
5585:
5449:
5204:
4972:
4543:
4523:
4515:
4491:
4243:
4239:
3458:
3017:
2871:
2645:
2641:
2404:
was characterized by an increase in the activity of the middle
2397:
2238:
2230:
2162:, came from a few wealthy and noble families. In addition, the
2133:
2051:
1567:
1255:
594:
15083:
Princeton/Stanford Working Papers in Classics Paper No. 110512
12742:
Social Anarchism or Lifestyle Anarchism: An Unbridgeable Chasm
12606:
The Founders' Constitution: Volume 1, Chapter 18, Introduction
12464:
12462:
12460:
12458:
11999:
U.K. Preuss, "Perspectives of Democracy and the Rule of Law".
11060:
Lieberman, By Suzanne Mettler and Robert C. (10 August 2020).
9667:. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 188â221.
9439:
Two Treatises on Government: a Translation into Modern English
7365:
Two Treatises on Government: a Translation into Modern English
5260:
has postulated a system that fuses elements of democracy with
4039:: Power is constitutionally linked to a single political party
2478:
in 1628 which established certain liberties for subjects. The
1801:, in which citizens vote on issues directly. According to the
22690:
22680:
22675:
22147:
22142:
20430:
19919:
19854:
18646:
16285:
16074:
DÄmokratia: a conversation on democracies, ancient and modern
15619:
The Democratic Value of News: Why Public Service Media Matter
14846:
The decline of democratic regime attributes â autocratization
7646:
Dahl, Robert A.; Shapiro, Ian; Cheibub, José AntÎnio (2003).
7272:
Dahl, Robert A.; Shapiro, Ian; Cheibub, Jose Antonio (2003).
6743:
Incentives for citizens to learn, choose, and become involved
6633:
5668:
5200:
4557:) or else became elective and remained powerful (as with the
4547:
4539:
4519:
4487:
4467:
3098:
3029:
3025:
3001:
2997:
2435:
2281:, was a similar body to the Scandinavian thing. In the Roman
2274:
2219:
1886:". Majority rule involves a competitive approach, opposed to
1852:
1721:
15972:
The Democracy Project : a history, a crisis, a movement
15743:
14598:
13994:, American Historical Review, Feb 1984, p. 98, available at
9681:. London: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. p. 31.
7446:"Humanity's Attitudes about Democracy and Political Leaders"
5558:, often created as a result of an incomplete change from an
3858:
Democracy indices § Difficulties in measuring democracy
3498:
Governments will tend to produce laws and policies that are
3325:
political ideologies were gaining ground, at the expense of
2741:
of 1787 is the oldest surviving, still active, governmental
22820:
20425:
19849:
18212:
16091:
Raaflaub, Kurt A.; Ober, Josiah; Wallace, Robert W (2007).
16035:"A Sign in the Sky: Dating the League of the Haudenosaunee"
15787:
Media, Communication and the Struggle for Democratic Change
15164:
15139:
15113:
12455:
10399:"Age of Dictators: Totalitarianism in the inter-war period"
9849:"Expansion of Rights and Liberties â The Right of Suffrage"
5816:
Suspension of the constitution by decree, such as with the
5469:. In financial terms, democracy promotion grew from 2% of
5316:
Several justifications for democracy have been postulated.
5192:
3880:, are included in some democracy indices but not in others.
3562:
3021:
2410:
2286:
1868:
1545:
14876:
13556:"Civics Education Helps Create Young Voters and Activists"
13144:
Gerring, John; Knutsen, Carl Henrik; Berge, Jonas (2022).
8494:
8087:
7989:, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, p. 168,
6913:
than true stories. The proliferation of false stories and
4065: Dependent territories and places without governments
4019:: Monarch holds significant executive or legislative power
19994:
19889:
17024:
16166:
Democracy May Not Exist, but We'll Miss It When It's Gone
13771:. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 1â7.
13727:
13697:. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 1â7.
13063:"From Democratization to "Guided Democracy""
11810:
11455:
11089:
Backsliding: Democratic Regress in the Contemporary World
10351:"Mini-Trumps Are Running for Election All Over the World"
10042:"The Evolution of Suffrage Institutions in the New World"
7914:
Kelsen, Hans (October 1955). "Foundations of democracy".
7053:
in 1868 altered the way each state is represented in the
5554:
A democratic transition describes a phase in a countries
5470:
4320:
and a representative state government. For example, most
4305:, which is a state that has more than 20 million voters.
3464:
Different variants of aggregative democracy exist. Under
3461:, where the policy with the most votes gets implemented.
3068:
American, British, and French sectors of occupied Germany
2823:, the slave population had grown to four million, and in
15647:
14950:
13807:
13417:
13217:"Democracy and the Management of International Conflict"
12948:"Article on Cosmopolitan democracy by Daniele Archibugi"
12916:
11135:
11007:
Four Threats: The Recurring Crises of American Democracy
9801:"The Right to Vote and the Rise of Democracy, 1787â1828"
9752:"The Right to Vote and the Rise of Democracy, 1787â1828"
8139:
8044:
The end of kings: a history of republics and republicans
7864:. Express Publications (Madurai) Limited. Archived from
5153:
Creative democracy is advocated by American philosopher
5116:, as well as the creation of new institutions such as a
2540:(1651), Hobbes theorized that individuals living in the
22805:
15389:
Democracy in the Age of Globalization and Mediatization
15337:
Democracy in the Age of Globalization and Mediatization
14426:"Climate, Water Navigability, and Economic Development"
14077:
13843:
13100:
Putin's Rule: Its Main Features and the Current Diarchy
13007:
Cosmopolitan Democracy. An Agenda for a New World Order
12287:
11801:"Democracy Report 2023, Table 3, V-Dem Institute, 2023"
11713:"Democracy data: how do researchers measure democracy?"
11425:
Ethan J. "Can Direct Democracy Be Made Deliberative?",
10787:, VOA News, 16 January 2018. Retrieved 21 January 2018.
10764:"Biden Says Democracy Is Winning. It's Not That Simple"
8775:
Heritage and Identity: Shaping the Nations of the North
8636:
8609:
8275:
Democracy: the unfinished journey 508 BC â 1993 AD
6734:
Platforms for an intelligible and illuminating advocacy
3544:
is based on the notion that democracy is government by
2938:
The number of nations 1800â2003 scoring 8 or higher on
2757:, about 6% of the population was eligible to vote. The
2680:(restated in the Bill of Rights 1689) and the Scottish
1578:
and human rights in addition to competitive elections.
15875:
13495:"Getting Out the Vote with Voting Advice Applications"
13385:"How International Actors Help Enforce Domestic Deals"
12439:
Brown, Charles H., The Correspondents' War. New York:
9703:
The right to vote and the rise of democracy, 1787â1828
8657:
8546:"Ancient Rome from the earliest times down to 476 A.D"
8328:(Boston and New York: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2007), 44.
8075:
8047:(2nd ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
7962:
Women and human development: the capabilities approach
7790:
7051:
Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
6625:) and external ones who reject the values promoted by
5308:
that further alter the distribution of voting rights.
4975:, are not democratic at all, or are at best a sort of
4835:, similar to Proudhon's position on direct democracy.
4170:, without needing to register, every citizen receives
3851:
3755:, and popular support of anti-democratic alternatives.
2858:
and continued into the 20th century, notably with the
2305:, established in 1358 and centered around the city of
15350:
Cappella, Joseph N.; Jamieson, Kathleen Hall (1997).
15343:
15256:
14862:. Springer International Publishing. pp. 15â35.
14343:"The Effect of the TseTse Fly on African Development"
12045:. Stockholm, Sweden: International IDEA, 2008. Print.
8772:
Fladmark, J. M.; Heyerdahl, Thor (17 November 2015).
8137:
7622:"direct democracy | Definition, History, & Facts"
7299:
MĂžller, JĂžrgen; Skaaning, Svend-Erik (January 2013).
5485:
Banner in Hong Kong asking for democracy, August 2019
4059:: No constitutionally defined basis to current regime
2910:. Only men above the age of 30 who were competent in
2714:(all men and women above age of 25 could vote). This
2600:
In North America, representative government began in
2574:
thought and profoundly influenced the leaders of the
2393:
consent of the governed to ward off foreign threats.
15746:"Political effects of the internet and social media"
15625:
15381:
15379:
15265:
Democracy and the mass media: A collection of essays
14241:
14239:
13769:
The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Global Security Studies
13695:
The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Global Security Studies
13686:
13013:, Polity Press, Cambridge, 1995, Daniele Archibugi,
12827:
McGann, Anthony J.; Latner, Michael (16 July 2013).
10229:
8578:
7856:"All-party meet vows to uphold Parliament supremacy"
6985:
5792:. Other types of a sudden end to democracy include:
5748:
Some democratic governments have experienced sudden
3884:
16090:
15739:
15737:
15150:. New Haven: Yale University Press. pp. 1â16.
14442:. Vol. 1. pp. 385â472, Sections 5 to 10.
13767:Arugay, Aries A. (2021). "Democratic Transitions".
13693:Arugay, Aries A. (2021). "Democratic Transitions".
13143:
12041:Beramendi, Virginia, and Jennifer Somalie. Angeyo.
10106:. A National Historic Landmarks Theme Study. 2009.
10040:Engerman, Stanley L.; Sokoloff, Kenneth L. (2005).
9580:. London and New York: Routledge. pp. 145â49.
8939:"The January Parliament and how it defined Britain"
8488:
8293:
5187:countries that do not claim to be democratic (only
2835:(1869) that gave black people citizenship, and the
2784:of 3 May 1791 sought to implement a more effective
2774:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
2710:in 1755 was an early attempt to adopt a democratic
2530:was the first philosopher to articulate a detailed
2337:. However, the charter made Mali more similar to a
2158:, so most high officials, including members of the
2121:in the sense that the people through the assembly,
1971:. Because of this, democracies can be republics or
1805:, democracy "provides an environment that respects
15668:Democracy and the Media: A Comparative Perspective
15571:
15569:
15419:Creating fear: News and the construction of crisis
15179:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp.
15029:
14882:
14860:Autocratization in post-Cold War Political Regimes
14396:. Vol. 1. pp. 385â472, Sections 1 to 4.
14047:Weapons systems and political stability: a history
14013:Weapons systems and political stability: a history
14005:
14003:
12347:Representative Democracy: Principles and Genealogy
12150:, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 65â121,
11558:"Measuring the quality of democracy: Introduction"
11555:
10921:"Global overview of COVID-19: Impact on elections"
10876:
9151:Lukowski, Jerzy; Zawadzki, Hubert (January 2019).
8937:
7964:. Cambridge New York: Cambridge University Press.
7853:
7722:Kimber, Richard (September 1989). "On democracy".
7645:
7271:
5851:dismissed parliament and started ruling by decree.
4702:thought has several different views on democracy.
3948:Parliamentary republic with an executive president
2926:by recognizing women as having the right to vote.
17535:Cabinet department / Office of the prime minister
16134:Silent Coup: How Corporations Overthrew Democracy
16063:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
16011:
15800:Vosoughi, Soroush; Roy, Deb; Aral, Sinan (2018).
15661:
15659:
15376:
15352:Spiral of cynicism: The press and the public good
14236:
14146:20.500.11820/a86dbef4-60eb-44fa-add3-513841cdf81b
13120:The Sharia State: Arab Spring and Democratization
12676:
12043:Direct Democracy: The International Idea Handbook
10149:
9397:
8771:
8566:
8138:Thorhallsson, Baldur; Steinsson, Sverrir (2017),
7443:
6870:than the commercial media. However, the trend of
4009:holds significant executive and legislative power
2885:In 1876, the Ottoman Empire transitioned from an
2660:was established in 1707, after the merger of the
22924:
16157:, 6 Volumes New York : Bloomsbury Academic.
15878:"The entertainment value of conspiracy theories"
15871:
15869:
15734:
15459:
15440:
15438:
15349:
15280:
15262:
14922:"The Nature of Democratic Backsliding in Europe"
14813:
14298:
14078:Glaeser, E.; Ponzetto, G.; Shleifer, A. (2007).
12263:"Radical Revolution â The Thermidorean Reaction"
11873:
10125:"Introduction â Social Aspects of the Civil War"
9150:
7521:
7519:
5715:. The process typically restricts the space for
5022:The International Journal of Inclusive Democracy
4934:typically require consensus or supermajorities.
3476:. Contemporary proponents of minimalism include
3472:articulated this view most famously in his book
1797:, while other uses of "democracy" may encompass
16124:. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199697670.
15947:
15799:
15784:
15685:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 238â258.
15670:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 402â448.
15631:
15566:
15520:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
15460:Esaiasson, Peter; Wlezien, Christopher (2017).
15300:
15298:
15296:
15267:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 269â289.
15214:
14569:
14553:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp.86-96.
14340:
14207:
14043:
14016:. University Press of America. pp. 38â39.
14009:
14000:
12369:
12017:. In Clarke, Paul A.B.; Foweraker, Joe (eds.).
11874:Esaiasson, Peter; Wlezien, Christopher (2017).
10674:. United States: Raintree Steck- Vaugh company.
10552:. Freedomhouse.org. 10 May 2004. Archived from
10291:. Columbia University Press. 1995. p. 101.
10152:"Fifteenth Amendment: Framing and ratification"
10101:"Civil Rights in America: Racial Voting Rights"
8798:
8512:
8363:The Early State, Its Alternatives and Analogues
7786:
7784:
6905:, voice their opinions, and organize protests.
5945:for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling
5252:. Corporations may also employ systems such as
4158:, an example of direct democracy in Switzerland
3733:mechanisms of regime transformation processes.
3138:and the former colonies). A subsequent wave of
3041:Soviet of Workers' Deputies of Saint Petersburg
3008:, as well as non-democratic governments in the
2950:", variously resulting from wars, revolutions,
2942:scale, another widely used measure of democracy
2193:, is considered one of the first examples of a
2106:excluded women, slaves, foreigners (ÎŒÎÏÎżÎčÎșÎżÎč /
1716:, to mean "rule of the people", in contrast to
16127:
15656:
15652:. World Bank and University of Michigan Press.
15363:
15361:
14957:South African Journal of International Affairs
14470:
14304:Economic Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy
14115:
13734:Munck, G.L. (2001). "Democratic Transitions".
13492:
12858:Kasuya, Yuko; Reilly, Benjamin (4 July 2023).
12236:
12186:"Article on direct democracy by Imraan Buccus"
12129:"A Very Different Ideology in the Middle East"
11624:Pew Research Center's Global Attitudes Project
11085:
11038:
10474:Constitutionalism and political reconstruction
9199:"Magna Carta: Magna Carta in the 17th Century"
7760:
7678:. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
7298:
6725:Surveillance of the sociopolitical environment
4370:), or represent the entire electorate through
3896:or any branch of government from altering the
2803:1850s lithograph marking the establishment of
2088:also strongly alludes to the word in his play
1959:the people are to rule. Classically the term "
1855:, parliamentary sovereignty is subject to the
21717:
21703:
19810:
18575:
18039:
17460:
17386:Autonomous types of first-tier administration
16314:
16277:
15866:
15793:
15665:
15435:
15410:
14857:
14814:LĂŒhrmann, Anna; Lindberg, Staffan I. (2019).
14116:Deary, I.J.; Batty, G.D.; Gale, C.R. (2008).
13890:, 2005. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
13815:Humanities and Social Sciences Communications
13611:Karp, Jeffrey A.; Banducci, Susan A. (2008).
13361:The Oxford Handbook of Authoritarian Politics
13297:
13019:, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2008
13009:, Polity Press, Cambridge, 1995; David Held,
12518:
12243:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 8â11.
10033:
9959:
9413:. Cambridge, NY: Cambridge University Press.
9360:
7984:
7516:
7393:
7391:
6599:
5907:disfranchisement after the Reconstruction era
5582:authoritarian government to a more democratic
5232:decide policy and leadership by voting. Most
5223:
4333:The use of a lot system, a characteristic of
4099:
2761:limited U.S. citizenship to whites only. The
1508:
688:
20316:
18704:
18675:
18661:
16039:American Indian Culture and Research Journal
15778:
15641:
15610:
15507:
15492:
15385:
15319:
15293:
15276:
15274:
15229:
15009:. University of Toronto Press. p. 285.
15004:
14050:. University Press of America. p. 307.
13932:
13610:
12857:
12826:
11793:
11438:
10944:
10276:International Journal of Middle East Studies
9155:(3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
8990:
8445:The Origins of Citizenship in Ancient Athens
7781:
7673:
7525:
7170:
5735:. Democratic backsliding is the opposite of
5562:regime to a democratic one (or vice versa).
5278:that are co-governed by students and staff.
3183:, who would later be known as the mother of
20252:
18770:
16328:
16071:
16033:Mann, Barbara A.; Fields, Jerry L. (1997).
15926:
15719:
15704:
15358:
15313:
15175:The Principles of Representative Government
15000:
14998:
14643:International Journal of Constitutional Law
14118:"Bright children become enlightened adults"
12230:
12212:"A Citizen's Guide To Vermont Town Meeting"
12142:SerdĂŒlt, Uwe (2014), Qvortrup, Matt (ed.),
11955:, Princeton University Press, 2006, p. 40,
11931:, Princeton University Press, 2006, p. 26,
10348:
10253:Movement toward greater democracy in Europe
9991:
9953:
9296:
9294:
8678:European Journal of International Relations
8637:Kulke, Hermann; Dietmar Rothermund (2004).
8500:
7171:Schwartzberg, Melissa (2014). "Democracy".
6717:The media professors Michael Gurevitch and
6695:
5601:, which correlates closely with democracy.
4080:
4072:
3582:
1809:and fundamental freedoms, and in which the
1728:
1708:The term appeared in the 5th century BC in
21710:
21696:
19817:
19803:
18582:
18568:
18046:
18032:
17581:Assistant minister/Parliamentary secretary
17467:
17453:
16321:
16307:
16032:
16003:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
15927:Egorov, Georgy; Sonin, Konstantin (2020).
15802:"The spread of true and false news online"
15695:
15689:
15575:
15447:Media edge: Media logic and social reality
15328:
15220:
14668:
14176:
13005:Daniele Archibugi & David Held, eds.,
12012:
11396:Gutmann, Amy, and Dennis Thompson (2002).
11086:Haggard, Stephan; Kaufman, Robert (2021).
10849:
10500:. University of Cambridge. 2 December 2013
10093:
10066:
9997:
8718:
8663:
8472:, Princeton University Press, 2009, p. 4,
8239:
8211:( ed.). : Syracuse University Press.
8173:
7761:Diamond, Larry; Morlino, Leonardo (2005).
7388:
7232:
6675:; and they have contrasted democracy with
6606:
6592:
5758:List of coups and coup attempts by country
5300:, who themselves may choose the company's
4439:
4106:
4092:
3407:A common view among early and renaissance
3074:served as a model for the later theory of
2929:
2631:
2462:. His ideas form the ideological basis of
1750:movements of the 19th and 20th centuries.
1742:such as those in Classical Athens and the
1515:
1501:
695:
681:
15903:
15893:
15761:
15593:
15549:
15539:
15516:"The echo chamber effect on social media"
15395:
15271:
15063:. Cambridge University Press. p. 98.
14900:
14831:
14361:
14263:
14144:
13899:
13827:
13636:
13400:
13339:
13274:
13173:
13163:
13030:"Creative Democracy â The Task Before Us"
12936:AbdolKarim Soroush :: ŰčۚۯۧÙک۱ÙÙ
۳۱ÙŰŽ
12720:The General Idea of Proudhon's Revolution
12568:
12059:
12057:
12055:
12053:
12051:
11617:
11059:
10961:
10694:The International Journal of Human Rights
10467:
10156:Encyclopedia of the American Constitution
9798:
9749:
9332:"Constitutionalism: America & Beyond"
9119:
9101:
9078:
8675:
7674:HĂ©naff, Marcel; Strong, Tracy B. (2001).
7477:
5969:Learn how and when to remove this message
5618:Other theories stressed the relevance of
5520:
5350:
5215:do not claim to be democratic as of 2022)
4228:Rebel Zapatista Autonomous Municipalities
2843:gained passage by the US Congress of the
732:List of countries by system of government
19824:
18589:
15930:The political economics of non-democracy
15444:
15416:
15058:
14995:
14756:
14549:and Kaltwasser, CristĂłbal Rovira (2017)
14511:
14245:
13493:Germann, Micha; Gemenis, Kostas (2019).
13424:Mesquita, Bruce Bueno de (Spring 2004).
13423:
13382:
12574:
12344:
11684:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 95â97.
11439:Warren, Mark E.; Pearse, Hilary (2008).
11265:
9871:
9291:
8610:Hoiberg, Dale; Indu Ramchandani (2000).
8441:
8204:
8144:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics
8040:
7956:
7398:Watkins, Frederick (1970). "Democracy".
7301:"Regime Types and Democratic Sequencing"
7144:
7142:
6737:Dialogue across a diverse range of views
5897:and government interference can prevent
5530:
5480:
5431:
5281:
5183:countries that claim to be a democracy
5175:
4757:mass participation of the working masses
4449:
4263:. Examples include Switzerland and some
4161:
4145:
3902:
3758:
3599:
3347:
3274:
3247:
3189:
3034:
2956:
2933:
2798:
2688:heritage to vote in a general election,
2635:
2434:
2347:
1988:
1638:, freedom from unwarranted governmental
46:
21400:Reflections on the Revolution in France
15968:
15763:10.1146/annurev-economics-081919-050239
15680:
15616:
15501:The SAGE Handbook of Digital Journalism
15498:
15391:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 177â201.
15339:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 155â176.
15304:
15235:
15148:Polyarchy: Participation and Opposition
14381:from the original on 24 September 2015.
14246:Paglayan, Agustina S. (February 2021).
13992:Weapons Systems and Political Stability
13980:Weapons Systems and Political Stability
13579:
13457:
13426:"Why Gun-Barrel Democracy Doesn't Work"
12682:
12345:Urbinati, Nadia (1 October 2008). "2".
12319:
12240:Principles of Representative Government
12141:
12112:
12067:, Ăditions loisirs et pĂ©dagogie, 2008.
11643:
11379:Princeton: Princeton University Press.
11231:
11003:
10669:
10618:
10520:"Age of democracies at the end of 2015"
10319:
10028:Evolution of American Electoral Systems
9877:
9853:Online Exhibit: The Charters of Freedom
9676:
9600:
8613:Students' Britannica India, Volumes 1-5
8442:Manville, Philip Brook (14 July 2014).
8208:The Iroquois in the American Revolution
8110:
8093:
8081:
7650:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
7397:
6754:They are controlled mainly by economic
5912:
5703:Democratic backsliding is a process of
5505:, increasing civic education, reducing
3380:contrasted rule by the many (democracy/
2511:would not prevail. Economic historians
2474:. The Parliament of England passed the
1673:. Most democracies apply in most cases
14:
22925:
16202:
16160:
16093:Origins of Democracy in Ancient Greece
15725:
15713:A Future for Public Service Television
15710:
15576:McCoy, Jennifer; Somer, Murat (2019).
15367:
15035:"King of Yugoslavia Assumes All Power"
13766:
13692:
13188:
12764:
12689:. Pathfinder Press. pp. 145â146.
12655:
12575:Brockell, Gillian (19 December 2019).
12322:The Crisis of Representative Democracy
12265:. Wsu.edu. 6 June 1999. Archived from
12097:
12048:
11816:
11677:
11618:Greenwood, Shannon (6 December 2022).
11562:International Political Science Review
11462:International Political Science Review
11232:Deudney, Daniel H. (9 November 2008).
11227:
11225:
11223:
11221:
11219:
10823:
10732:
10730:
10344:
10342:
10309:. Oxford University Press. p. 14.
10301:
10206:Transcript of Voting Rights Act (1965)
9718:
9663:Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Sweden".
9033:
8895:
8376:
8359:
8339:Origins of Democracy in Ancient Greece
8310:La democrazias:Storia di un'ideologia,
8182:. Constitution Society. Archived from
8152:10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.484
7913:
7721:
7573:
7335:
7331:from the original on 22 February 2024.
5509:for new political parties, increasing
5418:
5240:are governed by democratic elections.
5096:Cosmopolitan democracy, also known as
4883:Consociational democracy, also called
4297:Examples include the extensive use of
3908:World's states coloured by systems of
3500:close to the views of the median voter
3423:
3279:Meeting of the Grand Committee of the
2972:and the dissolution of the autocratic
2430:
2313:, established in 1115, was led by the
1951:, are not necessarily democracies, as
21691:
19798:
18820:
18601:
18563:
18027:
17448:
16302:
16289:
16276:
15789:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 35â58.
15334:
15170:
14991:from the original on 21 January 2020.
14902:10.1146/annurev-polisci-050517-114628
13886:Inglehart, Ronald. Welzel, Christian
13733:
13402:10.1146/annurev-polisci-050718-033504
13354:
13319:
13214:
13165:10.1146/annurev-polisci-060820-060910
13060:
12779:
12752:Graeber, David and Grubacic, Andrej.
12628:
12552:Richard J. Ellis and Michael Nelson,
12526:"The Federalist Papers : No. 10"
12406:
12281:
11979:, Kessinger Publishing, 2004, p. 36,
11681:Reader's Guide to the Social Sciences
11620:"Appendix A: Classifying democracies"
11502:
10371:
10072:
9913:"The Bill of Rights: A Brief History"
9725:. US: Greenwood Publishing. pp.
9605:. Yale University Press. p. 274.
9570:
9492:. Barnes & Noble. pp. 11, 18â19.
9454:
9403:
9275:. The British Library. Archived from
9121:10.1146/annurev-polisci-043014-105648
8847:. The British Library. Archived from
8805:The Cortes of Castile-Leon, 1188â1350
8240:Priestland, David (23 October 2021).
8106:
8104:
8102:
7886:
7494:
7173:The Encyclopedia of Political Thought
7139:
7068:Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections
5339:. Some proponents of the theory like
5067:These paragraphs are an excerpt from
4943:These paragraphs are an excerpt from
4606:Founding Fathers of the United States
3392:), and with rule by a single person (
3331:appointed 27 new Supreme Court judges
3252:Age of democracies at the end of 2015
3114:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
2860:Representation of the People Act 1918
1843:), the dominant principle is that of
18536:
15401:
15145:
15073:
14919:
14795:from the original on 6 February 2023
14703:
14604:
14080:"Why does democracy need education?"
13990:see also Chester G Starr, Review of
13617:British Journal of Political Science
13553:
13116:
12635:. Taylor & Francis. p. 31.
12608:, "Epilogue: Securing the Republic""
11817:Krauss, Alexander (2 January 2016).
11650:. Taylor & Francis. p. 47.
11359:. New Haven: Yale University Press.
11309:Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy
10684:
10612:
10320:Diamond, Larry (15 September 2015).
10218:The Constitution: The 24th Amendment
10039:
9203:The Society of Antiquaries of London
8950:from the original on 10 January 2022
8744:
8579:Bindloss, Joe; Sarina Singh (2007).
8003:
7854:Daily Express News (2 August 2013).
7228:
7226:
6839:and in some cases even reversion to
5925:
5882:, which lawfully ended democracy in
5828:1999 Ukrainian presidential election
5270:. There is also a growing number of
3768:
3610:
3589:
3474:Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy
3070:(disputed), Austria, Italy, and the
2780:was elected by all men in 1792. The
2593:, the holder of the highest post of
1898:, be substantively and procedurally
21510:The End of History and the Last Man
21420:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
18053:
17540:Speaker / President of the assembly
16261:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
16051:10.17953/aicr.21.2.k36m1485r3062510
14639:
14551:Populism: a Very Short Introduction
13357:"International Democracy Promotion"
13195:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
11216:
11210:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
10727:
10349:Kurlantzick, Joshua (11 May 2017).
10339:
9855:. National Archives. Archived from
9060:
8111:Deudney, Daniel (9 November 2008).
7698:
5801:German occupation of Czechoslovakia
5370:
4755:, internal party democracy and the
4623:, that what distinguished a direct
4290:to be held on any law voted by the
3852:Difficulties in measuring democracy
2918:In 1893, the self-governing colony
2470:In 17th century England, there was
2253:consisted of freemen presided by a
1963:" encompassed both democracies and
58:. In the 1990s, the dissolution of
56:1994 South African general election
24:
17628:International development minister
16210:. London: Zed Books. p. 371.
16111:
16095:. University of California Press.
15951:Encyclopedia of Democratic Thought
15948:Clarke, P.; Foweraker, J. (2001).
14932:from the original on 13 April 2021
14889:Annual Review of Political Science
13389:Annual Review of Political Science
13151:Annual Review of Political Science
12926:, p. 475. Volume 8 Issue s4, 2002.
12188:. Themercury.co.za. Archived from
10322:"Timeline: Democracy in Recession"
9302:"Britain's unwritten constitution"
9229:"Origins and growth of Parliament"
9108:Annual Review of Political Science
8970:"Origins and growth of Parliament"
8745:Dahl, Robert A. (1 October 2008).
8616:. Popular Prakashan. p. 208.
8413:"Women and Family in Athenian Law"
8099:
7764:Assessing the Quality of Democracy
7738:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1989.tb00090.x
6815:rather than serious deliberation.
5836:2004 Russian presidential election
5691:
5565:
4230:, communities affiliated with the
2751:voting rights in the United States
2035:
1997:depicting the Athenian politician
1835:In some countries, notably in the
1772:
25:
22959:
22901:Western European and Others Group
18003:Government ministers by portfolio
17759:Ministry of Education and Culture
16225:
14288:https://ssrn.com/abstract=2861711
14252:American Political Science Review
13846:American Political Science Review
13327:International Area Studies Review
12019:Encyclopedia of Political Thought
11568:(5). Sage Publications: 571â579.
11039:Farrell, Henry (14 August 2020).
10974:(Report). V-Dem Institute at the
10113:from the original on 2 July 2015.
9837:from the original on 2 June 2023.
9799:Ratcliffe, Donald (Summer 2013).
9788:from the original on 2 June 2023.
9750:Ratcliffe, Donald (Summer 2013).
9641:. British Library. Archived from
9516:, DK Publishing, Inc., New York,
9304:. British Library. Archived from
8489:Raaflaub, Ober & Wallace 2007
8294:Raaflaub, Ober & Wallace 2007
8277:, Oxford University Press, 1994,
7576:"2,234 Descriptions of Democracy"
7574:Gagnon, Jean-Paul (1 June 2018).
7235:"Who Decides What Is Democratic?"
7223:
5832:2003 Russian legislative election
5698:Democratic backsliding by country
5544:number of countries autocratizing
5403:which is necessary for sustained
5244:are ultimately governed by their
4872:
4340:
3885:Types of governmental democracies
2874:in March 1848 in the wake of the
2658:first Parliament of Great Britain
21480:The Open Society and Its Enemies
19778:
19777:
18535:
18524:
18523:
18008:
18007:
17997:
17996:
16072:Ober, J.; Hedrick, C.W. (1996).
15920:
15674:
15453:
15197:
15067:
15052:
15023:
14913:
14851:
14807:
14697:
14662:
14633:
14607:Hague Journal on the Rule of Law
14563:
14540:
14464:
14431:
14418:
14385:
14334:
14320:
14292:
14280:
14201:
14169:
14137:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02036.x
14109:
14071:
14037:
13984:
13961:
13926:
13893:
13880:
13836:
13801:
13738:. Elsevier. pp. 3425â3428.
13653:
13604:
13573:
13547:
13525:
13486:
13376:
13348:
13313:
13291:
13239:
13208:
13182:
13137:
13109:
13093:
13054:
13022:
12999:
12972:
12940:
12929:
12882:
12851:
12820:
12780:Arend, Lijphart (January 1969).
12773:
12758:
12746:
12734:
12725:
12703:
12649:
12622:
12596:
12559:
12546:
12496:
12471:
12446:
12433:
12424:
12415:
12400:
12386:10.1111/j.1467-9477.2004.00109.x
12363:
12338:
12324:. Frankfurt/M., Bern, New York.
12313:
12255:
12204:
12178:
12135:
12121:
12106:
12091:
12078:
12063:Vincent Golay and Mix et Remix,
12035:
12006:
11993:
11969:
11945:
11922:
11898:
11867:
11858:
11849:
11782:
11523:
11496:
11449:
11432:
11419:
11410:
11390:
11369:
11346:
11322:
11298:
11292:10.1111/j.1467-8330.2010.00827.x
11259:
11198:
11176:
11129:
11079:
11053:
11032:
11010:. New York: St. Martin's Press.
10997:
10945:Repucci, Sarah; Slipowitz, Amy.
10938:
10913:
10870:
10843:
10790:
10778:
10756:
10678:
10663:
10638:
10619:Bingham, Adrian (25 June 2019).
10590:
10568:
10542:
10512:
10490:
10472:. In Arjomand, SaĂŻd Amir (ed.).
10461:
10439:
10417:
10391:
10365:
10313:
10295:
10281:
10265:
10262:". Indiana University Northwest.
10245:
10223:
10211:
10199:
10174:
10143:
10117:
10047:. pp. 14â16. Archived from
10020:
9927:
9905:
9841:
9792:
9743:
9102:Stasavage, David (11 May 2016).
7835:. Courts and Tribunals Judiciary
7120:
7078:
7043:
6988:
6575:
5930:
5918:This section is an excerpt from
5452:'s Ecole de maintien de la paix.
5424:This section is an excerpt from
5311:
5027:
4922:to obtain a larger support than
4811:majority-rule is tyrannic or not
4381:
4267:, where frequent use is made of
2992:and dictatorships flourished in
2706:The creation of the short-lived
2173:
2113:Athenian democracy was not only
1484:
664:
20287:Family as a model for the state
17331:Social and political philosophy
16155:A Cultural History of Democracy
15225:. University of Illinois Press.
13967:Foreword, written by historian
13777:10.1007/978-3-319-74336-3_190-1
13703:10.1007/978-3-319-74336-3_190-1
13298:Peter Dizikes (24 April 2019).
12662:. Verso Books. pp. 84â86.
12349:. University of Chicago Press.
12299:: Parragon Books. p. 341.
11908:, SAGE, 2004, pp. 143â45,
11823:Journal of Economic Methodology
11333:An Economic Theory of Democracy
10576:"List of Electoral Democracies"
9937:. Mars.wnec.edu. Archived from
9712:
9695:
9670:
9657:
9631:
9609:
9594:
9564:
9552:Plymouth Colony Legal Structure
9543:
9527:
9503:
9479:
9457:The Huntington Library Bulletin
9448:
9431:
9407:(1988) . Laslett, Peter (ed.).
9363:The Journal of Economic History
9354:
9324:
9265:
9243:
9221:
9169:
9144:
9095:
9067:The Journal of Economic History
9054:
9036:International Studies Quarterly
9027:
8984:
8962:
8916:
8902:. Bloomsbury. pp. 173â74.
8889:
8867:
8837:
8799:O'Callaghan, Joseph F. (1989).
8792:
8765:
8738:
8712:
8669:
8630:
8603:
8572:
8560:
8538:
8518:
8462:
8435:
8405:
8370:
8353:
8344:
8331:
8318:
8299:
8267:
8233:
8198:
8167:
8131:
8061:
8034:
8021:
7987:Electoral systems and democracy
7978:
7950:
7907:
7880:
7847:
7811:
7754:
7715:
7692:
7667:
7639:
7614:
7567:
7548:
7526:Staff writer (22 August 2007).
7506:
7437:
7426:. New York: Routledge. p. 511.
7416:
7181:10.1002/9781118474396.wbept0248
6559:Latin America and the Caribbean
5903:Wilmington insurrection of 1898
5822:An "electoral self-coup" using
5256:to handle internal governance.
5085:
4712:dictatorship of the proletariat
4404:
4355:then it is called a democratic
4079:systems of government, not the
3764:V-Dem Electoral Democracy Index
3534:
3508:An Economic Theory of Democracy
3372:
3333:over legal objections from the
2880:revolutions broke out in Europe
2831:(1865) that ended slavery; the
2776:and, although short-lived, the
2472:renewed interest in Magna Carta
1993:Nineteenth-century painting by
1912:freedom of political expression
1811:freely expressed will of people
1734:), meaning "rule of an elite".
648:Latin America and the Caribbean
21637:Separation of church and state
21535:Collectivism and individualism
21490:The Origins of Totalitarianism
17676:Ministry of trade and industry
17167:Political history of the world
16290:
16076:. Princeton University Press.
15940:
14306:. Cambridge University Press.
13935:Journal of Conflict Resolution
13904:. Cambridge University Press.
13744:10.1016/b0-08-043076-7/01135-9
13221:Journal of Conflict Resolution
13011:Democracy and the Global Order
12711:General Idea of the Revolution
12565:Novanglus, no. 7. 6 March 1775
12373:Scandinavian Political Studies
11977:Problems in American Democracy
11238:. Princeton University Press.
11092:. Cambridge University Press.
10374:"The Signs of Deconsolidation"
10372:Mounk, Yascha (January 2017).
10079:. Routledge. p. viiiâix.
8845:"Magna Carta: an introduction"
8448:. Princeton University Press.
8117:. Princeton University Press.
8041:Everdell, William R. (2000) .
7893:. Princeton University Press.
7725:Scandinavian Political Studies
7528:"Liberty and justice for some"
7424:Encyclopedia of ancient Greece
7374:
7357:
7292:
7265:
7197:
7164:
5230:non-governmental organisations
4753:worker's control of production
4749:autonomous union organizations
4249:
4119:
3447:
3270:International Day of Democracy
3159:, and the democratisation and
3051:were as an early example of a
2782:Polish-Lithuanian Constitution
2566:. For Locke, citizens had the
2377:Simon de Montfort's Parliament
2224:
2164:overthrow of the Roman Kingdom
2098:, meaning political equality.
1975:, such as the United Kingdom.
1597:, the people choose governing
1193:Intergovernmental organisation
1148:Separation of church and state
13:
1:
21677:Category:Political philosophy
21550:Critique of political economy
18323:Needle and syringe programmes
18177:Universal access to education
17830:Ministry of religious affairs
16053:(inactive 15 September 2024).
15882:British Journal of Psychology
15730:. Springer. pp. 114â136.
15700:. Springer. pp. 114â136.
15466:Comparative Political Studies
15406:. Princeton University Press.
15372:. Springer. pp. 137â155.
15221:MacChesney, Robert W (1999).
14883:Walder, D.; Lust, E. (2018).
14833:10.1080/13510347.2019.1582029
14778:10.1080/13510347.2020.1799194
14757:Skaaning, Svend-Erik (2020).
14683:10.1080/13510347.2020.1826438
14584:10.1080/13510347.2021.1897109
14526:10.1080/13510347.2020.1796649
14448:10.1016/S1574-0684(05)01006-3
14402:10.1016/S1574-0684(05)01006-3
14302:; Robinson, James A. (2006).
13900:Inglehart, Ronald F. (2018).
13554:Wong, Alia (5 October 2018).
13511:10.1080/10584609.2018.1526237
13248:"Democracy Does Cause Growth"
12876:10.1080/09512748.2022.2035426
12833:Comparative Political Studies
12656:Mandel, Ernest (5 May 2020).
12629:Wiles, Peter (14 June 2023).
12086:Developing Zapatista Autonomy
11880:Comparative Political Studies
11835:10.1080/1350178X.2015.1069372
11445:. Cambridge University Press.
10891:10.1080/13510347.2019.1696310
10802:The Christian Science Monitor
10127:. Itd.nps.gov. Archived from
9808:Journal of the Early Republic
9759:Journal of the Early Republic
9707:Journal of the Early Republic
8567:Livy & De SĂ©lincourt 2002
8528:, Leiden Netherlands (1979).
7133:
6371:Democracy and economic growth
5886:and marked the transition to
5872:independence of the judiciary
5743:
5536:
5377:Democracy and economic growth
5363:. Democracy tends to improve
5319:
4914:Consensus democracy requires
4893:European Council of Ministers
4328:
4029:: Monarch has unlimited power
3988:Assembly-independent republic
3749:electoral system manipulation
3606:The Economist Democracy Index
3314:The Christian Science Monitor
3287:Many countries reduced their
3203:Indonesian Revolution of 1998
3086:fell into the non-democratic
2755:Presidential election in 1789
2450:and developed the concept of
2425:
2317:whose members were chosen by
1767:The Economist Democracy Index
1593:and decide legislation. In a
1585:, the people have the direct
460:Democracy and economic growth
21575:Institutional discrimination
21570:History of political thought
20302:Negative and positive rights
18821:
18707:Liberté, égalité, fraternité
17172:History of political thought
16189:Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
15715:. MIT Press. pp. 29â39.
14191:10.1016/j.intell.2007.09.003
13586:The American Economic Review
13582:"Entry Barriers in Politics"
13255:Journal of Political Economy
12144:"Referendums in Switzerland"
12065:Swiss political institutions
11906:Handbook of Political Theory
11400:Princeton University Press.
10706:10.1080/13642987.2014.944807
10278:, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp 265â286
9878:Schultz, Jeffrey D. (2002).
9549:Christopher Fennell (1998),
9533:Clifton E. Olmstead (1960),
8748:On Democracy: Second Edition
8366:. Uchitel' Publishing House.
8140:"Small State Foreign Policy"
7036:
6564:Middle East and North Africa
6431:Peaceful transition of power
5725:peaceful transition of power
5546:(blue) is higher than those
5137:International Criminal Court
5061:
4983:
4903:
4861:and is still used in modern
4838:
4801:
4680:
4635:Professors Richard Ellis of
4017:Semi-constitutional monarchy
3307:) to the Philippines (under
3155:, the associated end of the
3153:collapse of the Soviet Union
2878:. During that year, several
2674:UK's uncodified constitution
2650:Austrian Parliament Building
2205:Other cultures, such as the
1546:
990:(socio-political ideologies)
653:Middle East and North Africa
520:Peaceful transition of power
7:
21585:Justification for the state
21370:Two Treatises of Government
18676:
18406:Publicly funded health care
17845:Ministry of social security
17726:Ministry of water resources
17606:Ministry of foreign affairs
17475:Common types of government
15637:. Springer. pp. 65â75.
15445:Altheide, David L. (2014).
15417:Altheide, David L. (2002).
15324:. Springer. pp. 31â41.
15309:. Springer. pp. 31â41.
14440:Handbook of Economic Growth
14394:Handbook of Economic Growth
13472:10.1177/0022343396033004002
13363:, Oxford University Press,
13233:10.1177/0022002793037001002
12214:. July 2008. Archived from
11398:Why Deliberative Democracy?
11377:Is Democracy Possible Here?
11186:. Internet Classics Archive
10685:Wall, John (October 2014).
9884:. Oryx Press. p. 284.
9535:History of Religion in the
9410:Two Treatises of Government
9153:A Concise History of Poland
8513:Clarke & Foweraker 2001
8146:, Oxford University Press,
8069:"Pericles' Funeral Oration"
7819:"Parliamentary sovereignty"
6935:
6778:attitude to politics, less
6461:Proportional representation
6007:
5786:1954 Guatemalan coup d'Ă©tat
5142:
5110:international organisations
4564:
4499:of 1688 and passage of the
4462:Many countries such as the
4434:
4191:Change constitutional laws,
3963: Presidential republic
3940:with a ceremonial president
3491:According to the theory of
2672:. Two key documents of the
2604:, with the election of the
2555:Two Treatises of Government
2321:. In the 10thâ15th century
2200:
2197:around the 6th century BC.
1058:(socio-economic ideologies)
728:List of forms of government
550:Proportional representation
96:
10:
22964:
20255:Bellum omnium contra omnes
18602:
17878:Minister without portfolio
17840:Ministry of social affairs
17671:Ministry of infrastructure
16267:Podcast: Democracy Paradox
16187:Why Bother With Elections?
15750:Annual Review of Economics
15354:. Oxford University Press.
14619:10.1007/s40803-019-00086-2
14222:10.5129/001041512798838003
14084:Journal of Economic Growth
13829:10.1057/s41599-020-00596-7
13383:Matanock, Aila M. (2020).
13215:Dixon, William J. (1993).
13123:. Routledge. p. 161.
12782:"Consociational Democracy"
12001:Journal of Law and Society
10978:. May 2019. Archived from
10947:"Democracy under Lockdown"
10738:"Freedom in the Word 2017"
10230:French National Assembly.
10150:Gillette, William (1986).
10073:Scher, Richard K. (2015).
9935:"The French Revolution II"
8993:International Organization
8582:India: Lonely planet Guide
8526:Literacy in Ancient Sparta
8360:Grinin, Leonid E. (2004).
8205:Graymont, Barbara (1972).
7676:Public space and democracy
6949:Democracy in Chola Dynasty
6901:, enabling them to bypass
6699:
5917:
5878:. A famous example is the
5847:, begun in 1929 when King
5695:
5569:
5524:
5495:voting advice applications
5423:
5374:
5285:
5224:Non-governmental democracy
5169:
5146:
5089:
5066:
5031:
4987:
4942:
4907:
4876:
4842:
4766:
4762:
4684:
4659:
4655:
4568:
4458:, a constitutional monarch
4443:
4408:
4385:
4344:
4284:federal popular initiative
4139:
3978:Semi-presidential republic
3888:
3855:
3593:
3568:
3268:declared 15 September the
3105:often adopted the British
2817:1840 presidential election
2813:1828 presidential election
2811:In the United States, the
2759:Naturalization Act of 1790
2739:United States Constitution
2692:, voted in 1774 and 1780.
2678:Declaration of Right, 1689
2379:in 1265. The emergence of
2217:
2039:
2030:
1982:
1978:
1722:
1535:
54:casting his ballot in the
36:Democracy (disambiguation)
29:
22671:Anglo-Portuguese Alliance
22651:
22569:
22406:
22241:
22112:Standard Average European
21980:
21809:
21729:
21672:
21522:
21291:
20939:
20672:
20552:
20471:
20383:
20374:
20240:
20074:
20003:
19832:
19764:
19718:
19620:
19577:
19556:
19503:
19472:
19456:
19403:
19337:
19289:
19253:
19220:
19139:
19098:
18942:
18831:
18827:
18816:
18721:Methodological skepticism
18612:
18608:
18597:
18519:
18463:
18431:National health insurance
18396:
18383:Supervised injection site
18293:
18243:
18190:
18084:
18061:
17992:
17929:Communications ministries
17886:
17870:
17734:
17689:
17641:
17589:
17553:
17487:
17415:
17408:
17267:
17209:
17157:
17150:
17118:
17111:
17051:
17044:
16979:
16970:
16853:
16846:
16760:
16629:
16416:
16378:National unity government
16340:
16296:
16283:
16278:Links to related articles
16246:Resources in your library
15617:Cushion, Stephen (2012).
15402:Baum, Matthew A. (2003).
14969:10.1080/10220460802217934
14265:10.1017/S0003055420000647
14096:10.1007/s10887-007-9015-1
13629:10.1017/S0007123408000161
13460:Journal of Peace Research
13341:10.1177/22338659231194945
12908:Cite uses generic title (
12610:. Press-pubs.uchicago.edu
12003:, 18:3 (1991). pp. 353â64
11765:"Breaking Down Democracy"
11357:Democracy and its Critics
11335:. HarperCollins College.
11154:10.1017/S1537592720002091
11004:Mettler, Suzanne (2020).
10837:14 September 2021 at the
10766:. Bloomberg. 16 July 2023
10476:. Brill. pp. 92â94.
9677:Gregory, Desmond (1985).
9375:10.1017/S0022050700009451
9080:10.1017/S0022050717000729
9005:10.1017/S0020818319000286
8801:"The Cortes and Taxation"
8751:. Yale University Press.
8725:Haudenosaunee Confederacy
8690:10.1177/13540661211024713
8643:. Routledge. p. 57.
8174:de Montesquieu, Charles.
7903:– via Google Books.
7777:– via Google Books.
7382:Oxford English Dictionary
7343:"Definition of DEMOCRACY"
7278:. MIT Press. p. 31.
7233:Przeworski, Adam (2024).
7152:. Oxford University Press
7063:Voting Rights Act of 1965
6642:Constitutional Convention
5849:Alexander I of Yugoslavia
5818:1992 Peruvian coup d'Ă©tat
5782:First Portuguese Republic
5165:
4937:
4916:consensus decision-making
4889:Qualified majority voting
4261:participatory democracies
4242:, and Kurdish cantons of
4135:
3930:with a ceremonial monarch
3384:), with rule by the few (
3367:
2965:in the early 20th century
2876:French Revolution of 1848
2845:Voting Rights Act of 1965
2821:1860 United States census
2610:Virginia General Assembly
2456:right to private property
2213:
1973:constitutional monarchies
1890:, creating the need that
1882:can be oppressed by the "
1845:parliamentary sovereignty
1179:(geo-cultural ideologies)
40:Democrat (disambiguation)
22811:Lancaster House Treaties
22301:Christian existentialism
22261:Ancient Roman philosophy
22251:Ancient Greek philosophy
21460:The Revolt of the Masses
18426:Single-payer health care
18235:Universal basic services
18182:Universal basic services
17924:Climate change ministers
17825:Ministry of home affairs
16808:Environmental regulation
16614:Representative democracy
16153:(general editor). 2021.
15954:. Taylor & Francis.
15595:10.1177/0002716218818782
15478:10.1177/0010414016633226
15146:Dahl, Robert A. (1972).
14471:Robert Michels (1999) .
14350:American Economic Review
14341:Alsan, Marcella (2015).
14328:"Rainfall and Democracy"
14044:Carroll Quigley (1983).
14010:Carroll Quigley (1983).
13974:1 September 2013 at the
13947:10.1177/0022002717708599
13580:Tullock, Gordon (1965).
13191:"Social Contract Theory"
13189:Friend, Celeste (n.d.).
13146:"Does Democracy Matter?"
12845:10.1177/0010414012463883
12709:Pierre-Joseph Proudhon.
12506:. M-W.com. 25 April 2007
12021:. Taylor & Francis.
11953:The Judge in a Democracy
11929:The Judge in a Democracy
11904:G.F. Gaus, C. Kukathas,
11892:10.1177/0010414016633226
11574:10.1177/0192512116669141
11474:10.1177/0192512114544068
11375:Dworkin, Ronald (2006).
11266:Springer, Simon (2011).
11142:Perspectives on Politics
10976:University of Gothenburg
10580:World Forum on Democracy
9512:and David Rubel (2002),
7890:The Judge in a Democracy
7648:The democracy sourcebook
7450:Public Opinion Quarterly
7275:The Democracy Sourcebook
7251:10.1353/jod.2024.a930423
7109:Chile in the early 1990s
7055:House of Representatives
7024:Territorial peace theory
7014:Parliament in the Making
6969:FoucaultâHabermas debate
6696:Importance of mass media
6627:constitutional democracy
6516:Wars between democracies
6496:Territorial peace theory
6341:Democratic confederalism
5790:1953 Iranian coup d'Ă©tat
5764:.) Examples include the
5356:Condorcet's jury theorem
5329:legitimacy of government
4879:Consociational democracy
4826:individualist anarchists
4732:representative democracy
4429:semi-presidential system
4347:Representative democracy
4202:and suggestions for laws
4130:representative democracy
3583:Measurement of democracy
3262:World Forum on Democracy
3093:The war was followed by
3084:Soviet sector of Germany
2906:and a popularly elected
2864:Equal Franchise Act 1928
2722:principles and included
2644:, the patron goddess of
2136:as early as 700 BC. The
1791:representative democracy
1595:representative democracy
605:Wars between democracies
585:Territorial peace theory
430:Democratic confederalism
22589:Equality before the law
21796:Romano-Germanic culture
21440:The Communist Manifesto
20366:Tyranny of the majority
20277:Consent of the governed
18127:Public good (economics)
18013:Ministries by portfolio
17984:Public works ministries
17716:Ministry of electricity
17656:Ministry of the economy
17530:Office of the president
16873:Uncodified constitution
16398:Administrative division
16136:. Bloomsbury Academic.
15969:Graeber, David (2013).
15829:10.1126/science.aap9559
15541:10.1073/pnas.2023301118
15503:. Sage. pp. 51â67.
15250:10.1111/1467-923X.00494
15238:The Political Quarterly
15171:Manin, Bernard (1997).
15059:Pinfield, Nick (2015).
14728:10.1126/science.abb2434
13499:Political Communication
13355:Donno, Daniela (2024),
12924:Nations and Nationalism
12765:Dowlen, Oliver (2008).
12713:See also commentary by
12554:Debating the presidency
12441:Charles Scribner's Sons
12237:Manin, Bernard (1997).
12156:10.1057/9781137314703_4
10864:10.1111/1758-5899.12225
10449:. BBC News. 7 June 2010
9719:Dinkin, Robert (1982).
9665:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
9619:. The National Archives
9253:. The National Archives
9231:. The National Archives
8972:. The National Archives
8896:Jobson, Adrian (2012).
8877:. The National Archives
8501:Ober & Hedrick 1996
7748:17 October 2016 at the
7626:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
7400:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
7209:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
7073:Equal Protection Clause
7059:three-fifths compromise
6954:Democratic peace theory
6801:The responsiveness and
6667:; they have identified
6501:Tyranny of the majority
6436:Political demonstration
6346:Democratic peace theory
6321:Deliberative referendum
5899:free and fair elections
5893:Temporary or long-term
5864:free and fair elections
5778:28 May 1926 coup d'Ă©tat
5729:free and fair elections
5721:political participation
5499:participatory democracy
5361:the wisdom of the crowd
5333:consent of the governed
5052:tyranny of the majority
4650:Elizabeth Willing Powel
4446:Constitutional monarchy
4440:Constitutional monarchy
4257:semi-direct democracies
3928:Constitutional monarchy
2963:first wave of democracy
2930:20th and 21st centuries
2868:Universal male suffrage
2805:universal male suffrage
2786:constitutional monarchy
2718:was the first based on
2699:in Sweden (1718â1772),
2632:18th and 19th centuries
2564:consent of the governed
2486:of 1647. Subsequently,
2460:consent of the governed
2339:constitutional monarchy
1949:consent of the governed
1884:tyranny of the majority
1763:V-Dem Democracy indices
1685:(e.g. constitution) or
1661:make decisions through
1632:consent of the governed
1558:'rule') is a system of
1442:Administrative division
1386:International relations
590:Tyranny of the majority
525:Political demonstration
435:Democratic peace theory
410:Deliberative referendum
22751:Eastern European Group
22340:Continental philosophy
22271:Judeo-Christian ethics
22256:Hellenistic philosophy
21737:Cradle of civilization
20317:
20267:Clash of civilizations
20253:
18771:
18705:
18671:Enlightened absolutism
18662:
17949:Environment ministries
17919:Agriculture ministries
17914:Presidents of assembly
17909:Deputy prime ministers
16168:. Metropolitan Books.
15283:Communication Yearbook
14479:Transaction Publishers
13978:in 1982, to Quigley's
13061:Brown, Archie (2001).
12683:Trotsky, Leon (1977).
12659:Trotsky as Alternative
12320:Köchler, Hans (1987).
12113:Zibechi, Raul (2013).
12098:Denham, Diana (2008).
11644:Dobratz, B.A. (2015).
11503:Smith, Graham (2009).
11062:"The Fragile Republic"
10670:Sanders, Mark (2000).
9601:Chavetz, Josh (2007).
9486:Tocqueville, Alexis de
9415:Sec. 87, 123, 209, 222
8926:. BBC. 19 January 2015
8664:Mann & Fields 1997
7887:Barak, Aharon (2006).
7861:The New Indian Express
7592:10.3167/dt.2018.050107
6821:Political polarization
6619:Criticism of democracy
6326:Democratic backsliding
6316:Criticism of democracy
5920:Criticism of democracy
5856:Democratic backsliding
5845:6 January Dictatorship
5681:
5606:democracy causes peace
5599:self-expression values
5551:
5521:Democratic transitions
5486:
5453:
5399:at the expense of the
5351:Better decision-making
5325:Social contract theory
5272:Democratic educational
5216:
5135:. The creation of the
5092:Cosmopolitan democracy
5034:Participatory politics
5017:Democracy & Nature
4968:minority ethnic groups
4928:majoritarian democracy
4815:Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
4639:and Michael Nelson of
4616:argued, especially in
4480:Scandinavian countries
4459:
4353:democratically elected
4183:
4159:
4113:
4081:
4073:
4071:this chart represents
4057:Provisional government
3938:Parliamentary republic
3848:
3702:
3550:Authentic deliberation
3541:Deliberative democracy
3435:deliberative democracy
3358:Democratic backsliding
3353:
3284:
3253:
3198:
3131:
3056:
2966:
2943:
2808:
2653:
2562:only if they held the
2546:war of all against all
2532:social contract theory
2526:on the British Isles.
2467:
2448:social contract theory
2356:
2289:has been elected by a
2229:While most regions in
2181:, capital city of the
2062:'(common) people' and
2058:. The word comes from
2009:
2001:delivering his famous
1839:(which originated the
1729:
1671:presidential democracy
415:Democratic backsliding
405:Criticism of democracy
67:
34:. For other uses, see
22871:Three Seas Initiative
22846:Pacific Islands Forum
22711:BritishâIrish Council
22459:Greek Orthodox Church
21918:Industrial Revolution
21888:Scientific Revolution
20282:Divine right of kings
18637:Counter-Enlightenment
18275:Public infrastructure
18112:Public administration
18097:Free-culture movement
17944:Environment ministers
17850:Minister for Veterans
17721:Ministry of Petroleum
17681:Ministry of transport
17520:Deputy First Minister
17510:Deputy prime minister
17364:aspects of capitalism
17280:History of philosophy
16778:Unemployment benefits
16514:Military dictatorship
15421:. Aldine de Gruyter.
15005:Alan Siaroff (2009).
14920:Lindberg, Staffan I.
14125:Psychological Science
13910:10.1017/9781108613880
13117:Tibi, Bassam (2013).
13079:10.1353/jod.2001.0063
12878:– via CrossRef.
12847:– via CrossRef.
11845:– via CrossRef.
11098:10.1017/9781108957809
10258:4 August 2010 at the
10208:US National Archives.
9966:The Third of May 1791
9820:10.1353/jer.2013.0033
9771:10.1353/jer.2013.0033
9709:33.2 (2013): 219â254.
9558:29 April 2012 at the
9061:Cox, Gary W. (2017).
8875:"Citizen or Subject?"
8813:10.9783/9781512819571
8379:The Classical Journal
7422:Wilson, N.G. (2006).
7317:10.1353/jod.2013.0010
6877:The emergence of the
6860:horse race journalism
6702:Mediatization (media)
6655:or a more democratic
6381:Electoral competition
6361:Democratic transition
6336:Democratic centralism
6331:Democratic capitalism
5905:and African-American
5868:freedom of expression
5774:French First Republic
5733:freedom of expression
5696:Further information:
5686:democratic revolution
5676:
5534:
5527:Democratic transition
5484:
5475:military intervention
5435:
5341:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
5288:Shareholder democracy
5282:Shareholder democracy
5274:institutions such as
5250:shareholder democracy
5179:
5056:participatory economy
4637:Willamette University
4453:
4220:Appenzell Innerrhoden
4165:
4149:
4087:degree of democracy.
3917:Parliamentary systems
3906:
3874:judicial independence
3762:
3669:Authoritarian regimes
3603:
3454:aggregative democracy
3430:aggregative democracy
3351:
3305:Law and Justice Party
3281:Parliament of Finland
3278:
3251:
3193:
3118:
3088:Soviet-dominated bloc
3038:
2960:
2937:
2841:civil rights movement
2802:
2743:codified constitution
2716:Corsican Constitution
2639:
2458:and the principle of
2438:
2361:Parliament of England
2351:
2066:'force/might'. Under
2013:Democratic assemblies
1992:
1910:. In some countries,
1857:Constitution of India
1849:judicial independence
1452:Democratic transition
1315:Self-governing colony
912:Military dictatorship
470:Electoral competition
450:Democratic transition
425:Democratic centralism
420:Democratic capitalism
50:
22866:Special Relationship
22276:Christian philosophy
22221:Western Christianity
21883:Age of Enlightenment
21757:Hellenistic Kingdoms
21430:Democracy in America
20809:political philosophy
20792:political philosophy
20607:political philosophy
20436:political philosophy
20346:Separation of powers
20307:Night-watchman state
20292:Monopoly on violence
19826:Political philosophy
18591:Age of Enlightenment
17939:Education ministries
17776:Information minister
17711:Environment minister
17621:Ministry of interior
17611:Immigration minister
17298:Political ideologies
16574:Parliamentary system
16018:. Penguin Classics.
15091:10.2139/ssrn.1426841
14656:10.1093/icon/moab058
14372:10.1257/aer.20130604
14210:Comparative Politics
13320:Pelke, Lars (2023).
13300:"Democracy dividend"
13067:Journal of Democracy
12407:Aristotle. "Ch. 9".
11311:. Harper Perennial.
10804:. 13 November 2018.
10625:History & Policy
10378:Journal of Democracy
10271:Hasan Kayalı (1995)
9701:Donald Ratcliffe, "
9645:on 30 September 2020
9490:Democracy in America
9251:"Rise of Parliament"
9209:on 25 September 2018
8524:Terrence A. Boring,
8315:(2004) 2018 pp.12â13
8071:. the-athenaeum.org.
7305:Journal of Democracy
7239:Journal of Democracy
7004:Industrial democracy
6899:emerging democracies
6856:developing countries
6356:Democratic socialism
5913:Debates on democracy
5880:Enabling Act of 1933
5643:modernisation theory
5626:âand within them of
5461:system of government
5401:creative destruction
4956:political scientists
4867:citizens' assemblies
4859:Renaissance Florence
4769:Democracy in Marxism
4708:democratic socialism
4695:Democratic socialism
4671:political philosophy
4422:separation of powers
4388:Parliamentary system
3898:separation of powers
3343:government crackdown
3207:Bulldozer Revolution
3116:mandated democracy:
2854:that began with the
2770:Revolutionary France
2524:political philosophy
2416:Casimir IV Jagiellon
2311:Republic of Florence
1985:History of democracy
1920:freedom of the press
1880:political minorities
1847:, while maintaining
1787:equal before the law
1757:of a state, such as
1677:, but in some cases
445:Democratic socialism
22891:West Nordic Council
22756:Eastern Partnership
22345:Analytic philosophy
22046:Classical tradition
21868:Early modern period
21824:Classical antiquity
21819:European Bronze Age
21620:Right-wing politics
21500:A Theory of Justice
21470:The Road to Serfdom
21390:The Social Contract
20097:Christian democracy
19597:FeijĂło y Montenegro
19548:Vorontsova-Dashkova
18511:Public viewing area
18280:Public water system
18268:Municipal broadband
18225:Public broadcasting
17835:Ministry of science
17793:Ministry of justice
17786:Ministry of housing
17747:Ministry of culture
17661:Ministry of finance
17601:Ministry of defence
17420:Forms of government
17353:Conservatism navbox
16958:Legislative council
16783:National healthcare
16657:Christian democracy
16579:Presidential system
16434:Countries by system
15821:2018Sci...359.1146V
15815:(6380): 1146â1151.
15532:2021PNAS..11823301C
14720:2020Sci...369.1192H
14714:(6508): 1192â1196.
13042:on 12 February 2015
12769:. Imprint Academic.
12582:The Washington Post
12411:. Vol. Book 4.
12013:Budge, Ian (2001).
11678:Michie, J. (2014).
11284:2011Antip..43..525S
11046:The Washington Post
10586:on 16 October 2013.
10550:"Tables and Charts"
10530:on 15 February 2020
10405:on 7 September 2006
10054:on 11 November 2020
10004:The Preamble of Law
9998:Jan Ligeza (2017).
9979:on 5 September 2019
9279:on 22 December 2016
9181:The British Library
8946:. 20 January 2015.
8515:, pp. 194â201.
8186:on 22 December 2019
8096:, pp. 168â169.
7732:(3): 201, 199â219.
7462:10.1093/poq/nfab056
7029:Spatial citizenship
7019:Power to the people
6959:Empowered democracy
6944:Defensive democracy
6915:conspiracy theories
6794:and the erosion of
6582:Politics portal
6376:Democracy promotion
6351:Democratic republic
5770:Coup of 18 Brumaire
5457:Democracy promotion
5426:Democracy promotion
5419:Democracy promotion
5365:conflict resolution
5294:one share, one vote
5254:workplace democracy
5075:Religious democracy
5069:Religious democracy
4990:Inclusive democracy
4910:Consensus democracy
4833:consensus democracy
4728:workplace democracy
4687:Socialist democracy
4507:by writers such as
4501:Bill of Rights 1689
4497:Glorious Revolution
4411:Presidential system
4301:in the US state of
4280:Swiss confederation
3954:Presidential system
3559:Citizens assemblies
3424:Contemporary theory
3339:failed coup attempt
3335:European Commission
3078:. However, most of
3047:in the center. The
2908:Chamber of Deputies
2870:was established in
2778:National Convention
2682:Claim of Right 1689
2666:Kingdom of Scotland
2608:(forerunner of the
2602:Jamestown, Virginia
2576:American Revolution
2500:Glorious Revolution
2492:English Restoration
2464:liberal democracies
2431:Early modern period
2343:democratic republic
2056:classical antiquity
1888:consensus democracy
1620:freedom of religion
1608:freedom of assembly
1491:Politics portal
1376:Supranational union
1285:Dependent territory
1198:National government
671:Politics portal
465:Democracy promotion
440:Democratic republic
62: in favour of
22948:Types of democracy
22350:Post-structuralism
22313:Christian humanism
21943:Universal suffrage
21632:Political violence
21627:Political theology
21610:Left-wing politics
21605:Political spectrum
18736:Natural philosophy
18476:Government auction
18162:Public procurement
17979:Interior ministers
17860:Minister for women
17815:Ministry of sports
17803:Ministry of labour
17798:Minister of labour
17769:Ministry of health
17754:Education minister
17704:Ministry of energy
17561:Secretary of state
17425:Types of democracy
17320:Political spectrum
16933:Legislative bodies
16888:Head of government
16813:Banking regulation
16373:Federal government
16363:Central government
15895:10.1111/bjop.12522
15526:(9): e2023301118.
15183:, 67â93, 132â160.
15127:. 11 November 1947
15039:The New York Times
15033:(7 January 1929).
15031:Edwin Leland James
13996:carrollquigley.net
12864:The Pacific Review
12740:Bookchin, Murray.
12534:. 29 December 1998
12269:on 3 February 1999
12192:on 17 January 2010
12015:"Direct democracy"
11745:. 30 November 2022
11427:Buffalo Law Review
10672:Your Right To Vote
10468:Julian Go (2007).
10326:The New York Times
9617:"Getting the vote"
9338:on 24 October 2014
9308:on 8 December 2015
9187:on 18 October 2017
9048:10.1111/isqu.12153
8640:A history of India
8337:Kurt A. Raaflaub,
8180:The Spirit of Laws
8031:, Bk. II, ch. 2â3.
6864:journalistic norms
6681:anarcho-capitalism
6521:Waves of democracy
6481:Right to candidacy
6451:Popular referendum
6441:Political equality
6311:Citizens' assembly
5949:You can assist by
5895:political violence
5803:, and the fall of
5799:, for example the
5762:List of civil wars
5552:
5487:
5454:
5298:board of directors
5217:
5149:Creative democracy
5020:and its successor
5000:economic democracy
4954:, as used by some
4926:. In contrast, in
4855:Athenian Democracy
4595:head of government
4460:
4335:Athenian democracy
4184:
4160:
4114:
3891:Types of democracy
3876:or quality of the
3849:
3703:
3632:Flawed democracies
3354:
3285:
3254:
3239:Jasmine Revolution
3199:
3136:"Communist" states
3107:Westminster system
3057:
2984:advanced, but the
2967:
2948:waves of democracy
2944:
2924:universal suffrage
2898:Parliament with a
2809:
2662:Kingdom of England
2654:
2648:, in front of the
2606:House of Burgesses
2490:(1653â59) and the
2468:
2357:
2303:Republic of Ragusa
2249:, bodies known as
2072:Athenian democracy
2042:Athenian democracy
2010:
1841:Westminster system
1818:political equality
1755:general population
1683:supermajority rule
1572:general population
610:Waves of democracy
570:Right to candidacy
540:Popular referendum
530:Political equality
400:Citizens' assembly
68:
64:universal suffrage
27:Form of government
22920:
22919:
22914:
22913:
22741:Council of Europe
22643:International law
22596:Constitutionalism
22454:Eastern Orthodoxy
21960:PostâCold War era
21893:Age of Revolution
21747:Greco-Roman world
21685:
21684:
21595:Philosophy of law
21540:Conflict theories
21380:The Spirit of Law
21287:
21286:
20336:Original position
19792:
19791:
19760:
19759:
19756:
19755:
18812:
18811:
18808:
18807:
18785:Scientific method
18642:Critical thinking
18557:
18556:
18551:
18550:
18378:Public university
18358:Public open space
18303:Drinking fountain
18263:Telecommunication
18021:
18020:
17969:Health ministries
17964:Forest ministries
17959:Foreign ministers
17954:Finance ministers
17934:Defence ministers
17855:Ministry of women
17810:Regional minister
17692:natural resources
17666:Industry minister
17651:Commerce minister
17616:Interior minister
17592:foreign affairs /
17566:Minister of state
17442:
17441:
17438:
17437:
17430:Political parties
17309:Political culture
17234:International law
17205:
17204:
17197:U.S. Constitution
17146:
17145:
17128:Political science
17107:
17106:
17079:Political parties
17040:
17039:
16966:
16965:
16682:Constitutionalism
16393:County government
16232:Library resources
16217:978-1-78360-542-2
16193:Munck, Gerardo L.
16128:Provost, Claire;
16122:Democracy: A Life
16102:978-0-520-24562-4
16083:978-0-691-01108-0
16025:978-0-14-044809-2
15982:978-0-8129-9356-1
15961:978-0-415-19396-2
15428:978-1-138-52143-8
15211:, 6 November 2002
15125:api.parliament.uk
15121:"Parliament Bill"
15085:. Rochester, NY.
15016:978-1-4426-0012-6
14869:978-3-030-03125-1
14559:978-0-19-023487-4
14488:978-1-4128-3116-1
14474:Political Parties
14457:978-0-444-52041-8
14411:978-0-444-52041-8
14313:978-0-521-85526-6
14057:978-0-8191-2947-5
14023:978-0-8191-2947-5
13919:978-1-108-61388-0
13786:978-3-319-74336-3
13753:978-0-08-043076-8
13712:978-3-319-74336-3
13671:978-1-315-19692-3
13535:. 20 October 2016
13370:978-0-19-887199-6
13305:Technology Review
13130:978-1-135-92468-3
12696:978-0-87348-524-1
12669:978-1-78960-701-7
12642:978-1-000-88190-5
12356:978-0-226-84279-0
12331:978-3-8204-8843-2
12165:978-1-137-31470-3
12073:978-2-606-01295-3
12028:978-0-415-19396-2
11989:Google Books link
11985:978-1-4191-4316-8
11975:T.R. Williamson,
11965:Google Books link
11961:978-0-691-12017-1
11941:Google Books link
11937:978-0-691-12017-1
11918:Google Books link
11914:978-0-7619-6787-3
11743:Our World in Data
11717:Our World in Data
11691:978-1-135-93226-8
11657:978-1-317-34529-9
11516:978-0-521-51477-4
11406:978-0-691-12019-5
11385:978-0-691-13872-5
11365:978-0-300-04938-1
11341:978-0-06-041750-5
11317:978-0-06-133008-7
11305:Joseph Schumpeter
11245:978-0-691-13830-5
11107:978-1-108-95780-9
11017:978-1-250-24442-0
10524:Our World in Data
10483:978-90-04-15174-1
10427:. Independent.org
10086:978-1-317-45536-3
10013:978-83-945455-0-5
9941:on 27 August 2008
9891:978-1-57356-148-8
9736:978-0-313-23091-2
9688:978-0-8386-3225-3
9587:978-0-415-30066-7
9522:978-0-7894-8903-6
9498:978-0-7607-5230-2
9424:978-0-521-35448-6
9162:978-1-108-33399-3
8909:978-1-84725-226-5
8822:978-1-5128-1957-1
8785:978-1-317-74224-1
8758:978-0-300-23332-2
8650:978-0-415-32919-4
8623:978-0-85229-760-5
8596:978-1-74104-308-2
8534:978-90-04-05971-9
8478:978-1-4008-2591-2
8455:978-1-4008-6083-8
8283:978-0-19-827934-1
8218:978-0-8156-0083-1
8161:978-0-19-022863-7
8124:978-0-691-13830-5
8054:978-0-226-22482-4
7996:978-0-8018-8475-7
7971:978-0-521-00385-8
7900:978-0-691-12017-1
7804:978-1-139-99138-4
7774:978-0-8018-8287-6
7699:Nations, United.
7685:978-0-8166-3388-3
7657:978-0-262-54147-3
7580:Democratic Theory
7432:978-0-415-97334-2
7409:978-0-85229-135-1
7345:. Merriam-Webster
7285:978-0-262-54147-3
7190:978-1-4051-9129-6
7093:Argentina in 1983
6895:protest movements
6784:structural causes
6689:absolute monarchy
6646:Winston Churchill
6616:
6615:
6471:Right to petition
5979:
5978:
5971:
5860:national security
5766:Spanish Civil War
5628:cognitive ability
5507:barriers to entry
5393:James A. Robinson
5133:Daniele Archibugi
5127:, and professors
4885:consociationalism
4819:anarcho-communist
4796:council democracy
4775:Marxist orthodoxy
4662:Liberal democracy
4608:often criticised
4559:Australian Senate
4505:crowned republics
4238:city councils of
4154:(in 2009) of the
4027:Absolute monarchy
3846:
3845:
3834: 0.000â0.099
3828: 0.100â0.199
3820: 0.200â0.299
3814: 0.300â0.399
3808: 0.400â0.499
3802: 0.500â0.599
3794: 0.600â0.699
3788: 0.700â0.799
3782: 0.800â0.899
3776: 0.900â1.000
3708:Democracy indices
3700:
3699:
3596:Democracy indices
3590:Democracy indices
3575:Radical democracy
3470:Joseph Schumpeter
3441:radical democracy
3402:absolute monarchy
3362:COVID-19 pandemic
3223:Orange Revolution
3179:with the rise of
3076:government change
2887:absolute monarchy
2852:series of reforms
2807:in France in 1848
2708:Corsican Republic
2587:Cossack Hetmanate
2580:French Revolution
2534:. Writing in the
2496:Habeas Corpus Act
2480:English Civil War
2476:Petition of Right
2420:Nieszawa Statutes
2297:. Established by
1955:does not specify
1916:freedom of speech
1826:political freedom
1736:Western democracy
1710:Greek city-states
1695:liberal democracy
1616:personal property
1544:
1525:
1524:
1476:
1475:
1447:Democracy indices
1422:
1421:
1225:
1224:
1034:Semi-presidential
959:
958:
705:
704:
560:Right to petition
32:Liberal democracy
16:(Redirected from
22955:
22933:Classical Greece
22786:EU Customs Union
22318:Secular humanism
22266:Christian ethics
22216:EastâWest Schism
22199:Physical culture
21923:Great Divergence
21873:Age of Discovery
21712:
21705:
21698:
21689:
21688:
21600:Political ethics
21590:Machiavellianism
21530:Authoritarianism
21515:
21505:
21495:
21485:
21475:
21465:
21455:
21445:
21435:
21425:
21415:
21405:
21395:
21385:
21375:
21365:
21355:
21345:
21335:
21325:
21315:
21305:
20381:
20380:
20322:
20258:
20248:Balance of power
20222:Social democracy
20217:Social Darwinism
20192:Multiculturalism
20137:Environmentalism
20112:Communitarianism
19819:
19812:
19805:
19796:
19795:
19781:
19780:
18829:
18828:
18818:
18817:
18776:
18710:
18681:
18667:
18610:
18609:
18599:
18598:
18584:
18577:
18570:
18561:
18560:
18539:
18538:
18527:
18526:
18438:Social insurance
18285:Waste management
18253:Electric utility
18230:Public transport
18147:Public ownership
18066:Municipalization
18048:
18041:
18034:
18025:
18024:
18011:
18010:
18000:
17999:
17820:Tourism minister
17781:Housing minister
17742:Culture minister
17469:
17462:
17455:
17446:
17445:
17413:
17412:
17401:
17397:World government
17395:
17390:
17384:
17379:
17373:
17368:
17362:
17357:
17351:
17346:
17340:
17335:
17329:
17324:
17318:
17313:
17307:
17302:
17296:
17244:World government
17155:
17154:
17116:
17115:
17099:Environmentalism
17049:
17048:
16977:
16976:
16851:
16850:
16788:Public education
16768:Social insurance
16702:Environmentalism
16672:Communitarianism
16647:Authoritarianism
16609:Direct Democracy
16388:Local government
16323:
16316:
16309:
16300:
16299:
16287:
16286:
16274:
16273:
16221:
16183:Przeworski, Adam
16179:
16151:Biagini, Eugenio
16147:
16106:
16087:
16068:
16062:
16054:
16029:
16008:
16002:
15994:
15965:
15935:
15934:
15924:
15918:
15917:
15907:
15897:
15873:
15864:
15863:
15861:
15859:
15854:on 29 April 2019
15853:
15847:. Archived from
15806:
15797:
15791:
15790:
15782:
15776:
15775:
15765:
15741:
15732:
15731:
15723:
15717:
15716:
15708:
15702:
15701:
15693:
15687:
15686:
15678:
15672:
15671:
15663:
15654:
15653:
15645:
15639:
15638:
15629:
15623:
15622:
15614:
15608:
15607:
15597:
15573:
15564:
15563:
15553:
15543:
15511:
15505:
15504:
15496:
15490:
15489:
15457:
15451:
15450:
15442:
15433:
15432:
15414:
15408:
15407:
15399:
15393:
15392:
15383:
15374:
15373:
15365:
15356:
15355:
15347:
15341:
15340:
15332:
15326:
15325:
15317:
15311:
15310:
15302:
15291:
15290:
15278:
15269:
15268:
15260:
15254:
15253:
15233:
15227:
15226:
15218:
15212:
15209:CommonDreams.org
15203:Thom Hartmann, "
15201:
15195:
15194:
15178:
15168:
15162:
15161:
15143:
15137:
15136:
15134:
15132:
15117:
15111:
15110:
15071:
15065:
15064:
15056:
15050:
15049:
15047:
15045:
15027:
15021:
15020:
15002:
14993:
14992:
14948:
14942:
14941:
14939:
14937:
14917:
14911:
14910:
14904:
14880:
14874:
14873:
14855:
14849:
14848:
14835:
14826:(7): 1095â1113.
14811:
14805:
14804:
14802:
14800:
14794:
14772:(8): 1533â1542.
14763:
14754:
14748:
14747:
14701:
14695:
14694:
14666:
14660:
14659:
14637:
14631:
14630:
14602:
14596:
14595:
14567:
14561:
14544:
14538:
14537:
14509:
14500:
14499:
14497:
14495:
14468:
14462:
14461:
14435:
14429:
14428:. Working Paper.
14422:
14416:
14415:
14389:
14383:
14382:
14380:
14365:
14363:10.1.1.1010.2955
14347:
14338:
14332:
14331:
14324:
14318:
14317:
14296:
14290:
14284:
14278:
14277:
14267:
14243:
14234:
14233:
14205:
14199:
14198:
14173:
14167:
14166:
14148:
14122:
14113:
14107:
14106:
14104:
14102:
14075:
14069:
14068:
14066:
14064:
14041:
14035:
14034:
14032:
14030:
14007:
13998:
13988:
13982:
13965:
13959:
13958:
13930:
13924:
13923:
13897:
13891:
13884:
13878:
13877:
13840:
13834:
13833:
13831:
13805:
13799:
13798:
13764:
13758:
13757:
13731:
13725:
13724:
13690:
13684:
13683:
13657:
13651:
13650:
13640:
13608:
13602:
13601:
13592:(1/2): 458â466.
13577:
13571:
13570:
13568:
13566:
13551:
13545:
13544:
13542:
13540:
13529:
13523:
13522:
13490:
13484:
13483:
13455:
13449:
13443:
13438:. Archived from
13421:
13415:
13414:
13404:
13380:
13374:
13373:
13352:
13346:
13345:
13343:
13317:
13311:
13310:
13295:
13289:
13288:
13278:
13252:
13243:
13237:
13236:
13212:
13206:
13205:
13203:
13201:
13186:
13180:
13179:
13177:
13167:
13141:
13135:
13134:
13113:
13107:
13097:
13091:
13090:
13058:
13052:
13051:
13049:
13047:
13041:
13035:. Archived from
13034:
13026:
13020:
13003:
12997:
12995:
12993:
12991:
12982:. Archived from
12976:
12970:
12969:
12967:
12965:
12959:
12953:. Archived from
12952:
12944:
12938:
12933:
12927:
12920:
12914:
12913:
12906:
12904:
12896:
12890:"Redirecting..."
12886:
12880:
12879:
12855:
12849:
12848:
12824:
12818:
12817:
12777:
12771:
12770:
12762:
12756:
12750:
12744:
12738:
12732:
12729:
12723:
12707:
12701:
12700:
12680:
12674:
12673:
12653:
12647:
12646:
12626:
12620:
12619:
12617:
12615:
12600:
12594:
12593:
12591:
12589:
12572:
12566:
12563:
12557:
12550:
12544:
12543:
12541:
12539:
12522:
12516:
12515:
12513:
12511:
12500:
12494:
12493:
12491:
12489:
12475:
12469:
12466:
12453:
12450:
12444:
12437:
12431:
12428:
12422:
12419:
12413:
12412:
12404:
12398:
12397:
12367:
12361:
12360:
12342:
12336:
12335:
12317:
12311:
12310:
12285:
12279:
12278:
12276:
12274:
12259:
12253:
12252:
12234:
12228:
12227:
12225:
12223:
12218:on 5 August 2012
12208:
12202:
12201:
12199:
12197:
12182:
12176:
12175:
12174:
12172:
12139:
12133:
12132:
12125:
12119:
12118:
12110:
12104:
12103:
12095:
12089:
12084:Niels Barmeyer,
12082:
12076:
12061:
12046:
12039:
12033:
12032:
12010:
12004:
11997:
11991:
11973:
11967:
11949:
11943:
11926:
11920:
11902:
11896:
11895:
11871:
11865:
11862:
11856:
11853:
11847:
11846:
11814:
11808:
11807:
11805:
11797:
11791:
11786:
11780:
11779:
11777:
11775:
11761:
11755:
11754:
11752:
11750:
11735:
11729:
11728:
11726:
11724:
11709:
11703:
11702:
11700:
11698:
11675:
11669:
11668:
11666:
11664:
11641:
11635:
11634:
11632:
11630:
11615:
11609:
11608:
11606:
11604:
11553:
11547:
11546:
11544:
11542:
11527:
11521:
11520:
11500:
11494:
11493:
11453:
11447:
11446:
11436:
11430:
11423:
11417:
11414:
11408:
11394:
11388:
11373:
11367:
11350:
11344:
11326:
11320:
11302:
11296:
11295:
11263:
11257:
11256:
11254:
11252:
11229:
11214:
11213:
11202:
11196:
11195:
11193:
11191:
11180:
11174:
11173:
11133:
11127:
11126:
11124:
11122:
11083:
11077:
11076:
11074:
11072:
11057:
11051:
11050:
11036:
11030:
11029:
11001:
10995:
10994:
10992:
10990:
10984:
10973:
10965:
10959:
10958:
10956:
10954:
10942:
10936:
10935:
10933:
10931:
10917:
10911:
10910:
10874:
10868:
10867:
10847:
10841:
10827:
10821:
10820:
10818:
10816:
10794:
10788:
10782:
10776:
10775:
10773:
10771:
10760:
10754:
10753:
10751:
10749:
10742:freedomhouse.org
10734:
10725:
10724:
10722:
10691:
10682:
10676:
10675:
10667:
10661:
10660:
10658:
10656:
10650:msa.maryland.gov
10642:
10636:
10635:
10633:
10631:
10616:
10610:
10609:
10607:
10605:
10600:. United Nations
10594:
10588:
10587:
10582:. Archived from
10572:
10566:
10565:
10563:
10561:
10546:
10540:
10539:
10537:
10535:
10526:. Archived from
10516:
10510:
10509:
10507:
10505:
10494:
10488:
10487:
10465:
10459:
10458:
10456:
10454:
10443:
10437:
10436:
10434:
10432:
10421:
10415:
10414:
10412:
10410:
10401:. Archived from
10395:
10389:
10388:
10386:
10384:
10369:
10363:
10362:
10360:
10358:
10353:. Bloomberg News
10346:
10337:
10336:
10334:
10332:
10317:
10311:
10310:
10299:
10293:
10292:
10285:
10279:
10269:
10263:
10249:
10243:
10242:
10240:
10238:
10227:
10221:
10215:
10209:
10203:
10197:
10196:
10194:
10192:
10178:
10172:
10171:
10169:
10167:
10158:. Archived from
10147:
10141:
10140:
10138:
10136:
10121:
10115:
10114:
10112:
10105:
10097:
10091:
10090:
10070:
10064:
10063:
10061:
10059:
10053:
10046:
10037:
10031:
10030:(1983) pp 77â111
10024:
10018:
10017:
9995:
9989:
9988:
9986:
9984:
9978:
9971:
9957:
9951:
9950:
9948:
9946:
9931:
9925:
9924:
9922:
9920:
9909:
9903:
9902:
9900:
9898:
9875:
9869:
9868:
9866:
9864:
9845:
9839:
9838:
9836:
9805:
9796:
9790:
9789:
9787:
9756:
9747:
9741:
9740:
9716:
9710:
9699:
9693:
9692:
9674:
9668:
9661:
9655:
9654:
9652:
9650:
9635:
9629:
9628:
9626:
9624:
9613:
9607:
9606:
9598:
9592:
9591:
9568:
9562:
9547:
9541:
9531:
9525:
9507:
9501:
9483:
9477:
9476:
9452:
9446:
9435:
9429:
9428:
9401:
9395:
9394:
9358:
9352:
9351:
9345:
9343:
9328:
9322:
9321:
9315:
9313:
9298:
9289:
9288:
9286:
9284:
9273:"Putney debates"
9269:
9263:
9262:
9260:
9258:
9247:
9241:
9240:
9238:
9236:
9225:
9219:
9218:
9216:
9214:
9205:. Archived from
9195:
9194:
9192:
9183:. Archived from
9173:
9167:
9166:
9148:
9142:
9141:
9123:
9099:
9093:
9092:
9082:
9058:
9052:
9051:
9031:
9025:
9024:
8988:
8982:
8981:
8979:
8977:
8966:
8960:
8959:
8957:
8955:
8941:
8934:
8933:
8931:
8920:
8914:
8913:
8893:
8887:
8886:
8884:
8882:
8871:
8865:
8864:
8858:
8856:
8851:on 23 April 2021
8841:
8835:
8834:
8796:
8790:
8789:
8769:
8763:
8762:
8742:
8736:
8735:
8733:
8731:
8719:Communications.
8716:
8710:
8709:
8673:
8667:
8661:
8655:
8654:
8634:
8628:
8627:
8607:
8601:
8600:
8576:
8570:
8564:
8558:
8557:
8555:
8553:
8542:
8536:
8522:
8516:
8510:
8504:
8498:
8492:
8486:
8480:
8466:
8460:
8459:
8439:
8433:
8432:
8430:
8428:
8419:. Archived from
8409:
8403:
8402:
8374:
8368:
8367:
8357:
8351:
8350:Aristotle Book 6
8348:
8342:
8335:
8329:
8322:
8316:
8303:
8297:
8291:
8285:
8271:
8265:
8264:
8262:
8260:
8237:
8231:
8230:
8202:
8196:
8195:
8193:
8191:
8171:
8165:
8164:
8135:
8129:
8128:
8108:
8097:
8091:
8085:
8079:
8073:
8072:
8065:
8059:
8058:
8038:
8032:
8025:
8019:
8007:
8001:
8000:
7982:
7976:
7975:
7958:Nussbaum, Martha
7954:
7948:
7947:
7911:
7905:
7904:
7884:
7878:
7877:
7875:
7873:
7868:on 27 March 2016
7851:
7845:
7844:
7842:
7840:
7829:
7828:
7826:
7815:
7809:
7808:
7788:
7779:
7778:
7758:
7752:
7741:
7719:
7713:
7712:
7710:
7708:
7703:. United Nations
7696:
7690:
7689:
7671:
7665:
7661:
7643:
7637:
7636:
7634:
7632:
7618:
7612:
7611:
7571:
7565:
7552:
7546:
7545:
7523:
7514:
7510:
7504:
7498:
7492:
7491:
7481:
7441:
7435:
7420:
7414:
7413:
7395:
7386:
7378:
7372:
7361:
7355:
7354:
7352:
7350:
7339:
7333:
7332:
7296:
7290:
7289:
7269:
7263:
7262:
7230:
7221:
7220:
7218:
7216:
7211:. 16 August 2023
7201:
7195:
7194:
7168:
7162:
7161:
7159:
7157:
7146:
7127:
7124:
7112:
7085:Portugal in 1974
7082:
7076:
7047:
6998:
6993:
6992:
6979:Horseshoe theory
6964:Energy democracy
6891:social movements
6780:civic engagement
6608:
6601:
6594:
6580:
6579:
6476:Right to protest
6426:Nomination rules
5981:
5980:
5974:
5967:
5963:
5960:
5954:
5934:
5933:
5926:
5780:which ended the
5595:Ronald Inglehart
5556:political system
5541:
5538:
5491:political apathy
5384:Why Nations Fail
5371:Economic success
5345:direct democracy
5327:argues that the
5306:classes of stock
5172:Guided democracy
5118:World Parliament
5102:world federalism
5098:global democracy
5012:Takis Fotopoulos
4996:direct democracy
4952:ethnic democracy
4945:Ethnic democracy
4747:representation,
4730:combined with a
4704:Social democracy
4691:Social democracy
4610:direct democracy
4399:loyal opposition
4318:direct democracy
4208:recall elections
4176:direct democracy
4156:canton of Glarus
4142:Direct democracy
4126:direct democracy
4108:
4101:
4094:
4086:
4078:
4064:
4054:
4044:
4034:
4024:
4014:
3996:
3985:
3975:
3962:
3945:
3935:
3925:
3878:electoral system
3839:
3833:
3827:
3819:
3813:
3807:
3801:
3793:
3787:
3781:
3775:
3769:
3693:
3687:
3681:
3675:
3662:
3656:
3643:
3637:
3626:
3621: 9.00â10.00
3620:
3615:Full democracies
3611:
3493:direct democracy
3478:William H. Riker
3231:Tulip Revolution
3229:in Lebanon, the
3227:Cedar Revolution
3225:in Ukraine, the
3173:candidate states
3129:
3082:, including the
3032:, among others.
2986:Great Depression
2982:women's suffrage
2978:Austro-Hungarian
2730:Colonial America
2591:Zaporizhian Sich
2509:royal absolutism
2488:the Protectorate
2149:Even though the
2138:Spartan ecclesia
2103:random selection
2005:in front of the
1894:, and generally
1799:direct democracy
1732:
1725:
1724:
1714:Classical Athens
1663:popular assembly
1583:direct democracy
1549:
1539:
1537:
1517:
1510:
1503:
1489:
1488:
1436:
1435:
1280:Associated state
1238:
1237:
1213:Internationalism
1203:World government
1180:
1059:
991:
972:
971:
946:Free association
933:
894:
813:
756:
744:
743:
707:
706:
697:
690:
683:
669:
668:
565:Right to protest
515:Nomination rules
70:
69:
21:
22963:
22962:
22958:
22957:
22956:
22954:
22953:
22952:
22923:
22922:
22921:
22916:
22915:
22910:
22876:UKUSA Agreement
22816:Lublin Triangle
22701:Baltic Assembly
22653:
22647:
22565:
22402:
22237:
22107:Eurolinguistics
21976:
21965:Information age
21938:Interwar period
21805:
21725:
21716:
21686:
21681:
21668:
21657:Totalitarianism
21518:
21513:
21503:
21493:
21483:
21473:
21463:
21453:
21443:
21433:
21423:
21413:
21403:
21393:
21383:
21373:
21363:
21353:
21343:
21333:
21330:Treatise on Law
21323:
21313:
21303:
21283:
20941:
20935:
20674:
20668:
20554:
20548:
20467:
20370:
20356:State of nature
20351:Social contract
20331:Ordered liberty
20319:Noblesse oblige
20236:
20070:
19999:
19828:
19823:
19793:
19788:
19787:
19774:
19752:
19714:
19616:
19573:
19552:
19499:
19468:
19464:Carvalho e Melo
19452:
19399:
19333:
19285:
19249:
19216:
19135:
19094:
18938:
18823:
18804:
18790:Spanish America
18664:Encyclopédistes
18627:Civil liberties
18604:
18593:
18588:
18558:
18553:
18552:
18547:
18515:
18501:Public security
18491:Public offering
18459:
18448:Social security
18398:Social services
18392:
18348:Public hospital
18343:Public computer
18338:Public bookcase
18289:
18239:
18208:Law enforcement
18203:Fire department
18186:
18137:Public interest
18080:
18076:Progressive tax
18071:Nationalization
18057:
18055:Public services
18052:
18022:
18017:
17988:
17904:Prime ministers
17899:Vice presidents
17882:
17866:
17764:Health minister
17730:
17699:Energy minister
17691:
17685:
17643:
17637:
17593:
17591:
17585:
17571:Deputy minister
17549:
17483:
17473:
17443:
17434:
17404:
17399:
17393:
17388:
17382:
17377:
17375:Western culture
17371:
17366:
17360:
17355:
17349:
17344:
17338:
17333:
17327:
17322:
17316:
17311:
17305:
17300:
17294:
17263:
17201:
17142:
17123:Fields of study
17103:
17084:Advocacy groups
17036:
16972:
16962:
16842:
16838:Street cleaning
16818:Food inspection
16773:Law enforcement
16756:
16625:
16559:Totalitarianism
16412:
16336:
16327:
16292:
16279:
16252:
16251:
16250:
16240:
16239:
16235:
16228:
16218:
16197:Democratization
16176:
16144:
16118:Cartledge, Paul
16114:
16112:Further reading
16109:
16103:
16084:
16056:
16055:
16026:
15996:
15995:
15983:
15962:
15943:
15938:
15925:
15921:
15874:
15867:
15857:
15855:
15851:
15804:
15798:
15794:
15783:
15779:
15742:
15735:
15724:
15720:
15709:
15705:
15694:
15690:
15679:
15675:
15664:
15657:
15646:
15642:
15630:
15626:
15615:
15611:
15574:
15567:
15512:
15508:
15497:
15493:
15458:
15454:
15443:
15436:
15429:
15415:
15411:
15400:
15396:
15384:
15377:
15366:
15359:
15348:
15344:
15333:
15329:
15318:
15314:
15303:
15294:
15279:
15272:
15261:
15257:
15234:
15230:
15219:
15215:
15202:
15198:
15191:
15169:
15165:
15158:
15144:
15140:
15130:
15128:
15119:
15118:
15114:
15072:
15068:
15057:
15053:
15043:
15041:
15028:
15024:
15017:
15003:
14996:
14949:
14945:
14935:
14933:
14926:Carnegie Europe
14918:
14914:
14881:
14877:
14870:
14856:
14852:
14820:Democratization
14812:
14808:
14798:
14796:
14792:
14766:Democratization
14761:
14755:
14751:
14702:
14698:
14671:Democratization
14667:
14663:
14638:
14634:
14603:
14599:
14572:Democratization
14568:
14564:
14545:
14541:
14514:Democratization
14510:
14503:
14493:
14491:
14489:
14481:. p. 243.
14469:
14465:
14458:
14436:
14432:
14423:
14419:
14412:
14390:
14386:
14378:
14345:
14339:
14335:
14326:
14325:
14321:
14314:
14300:Acemoglu, Daron
14297:
14293:
14285:
14281:
14244:
14237:
14206:
14202:
14174:
14170:
14120:
14114:
14110:
14100:
14098:
14076:
14072:
14062:
14060:
14058:
14042:
14038:
14028:
14026:
14024:
14008:
14001:
13989:
13985:
13976:Wayback Machine
13966:
13962:
13931:
13927:
13920:
13898:
13894:
13885:
13881:
13858:10.2307/1951731
13841:
13837:
13806:
13802:
13787:
13765:
13761:
13754:
13732:
13728:
13713:
13691:
13687:
13672:
13664:. p. 281.
13658:
13654:
13609:
13605:
13578:
13574:
13564:
13562:
13552:
13548:
13538:
13536:
13531:
13530:
13526:
13491:
13487:
13456:
13452:
13442:on 5 July 2008.
13422:
13418:
13381:
13377:
13371:
13353:
13349:
13318:
13314:
13296:
13292:
13250:
13244:
13240:
13213:
13209:
13199:
13197:
13187:
13183:
13142:
13138:
13131:
13114:
13110:
13098:
13094:
13059:
13055:
13045:
13043:
13039:
13032:
13028:
13027:
13023:
13004:
13000:
12989:
12987:
12978:
12977:
12973:
12963:
12961:
12960:on 25 July 2011
12957:
12950:
12946:
12945:
12941:
12934:
12930:
12921:
12917:
12907:
12898:
12897:
12888:
12887:
12883:
12856:
12852:
12825:
12821:
12798:10.2307/2009820
12778:
12774:
12763:
12759:
12751:
12747:
12739:
12735:
12730:
12726:
12708:
12704:
12697:
12681:
12677:
12670:
12654:
12650:
12643:
12627:
12623:
12613:
12611:
12602:
12601:
12597:
12587:
12585:
12573:
12569:
12564:
12560:
12551:
12547:
12537:
12535:
12524:
12523:
12519:
12509:
12507:
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12501:
12497:
12487:
12485:
12477:
12476:
12472:
12467:
12456:
12451:
12447:
12438:
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12416:
12405:
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12368:
12364:
12357:
12343:
12339:
12332:
12318:
12314:
12307:
12286:
12282:
12272:
12270:
12261:
12260:
12256:
12235:
12231:
12221:
12219:
12210:
12209:
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12195:
12193:
12184:
12183:
12179:
12170:
12168:
12166:
12140:
12136:
12127:
12126:
12122:
12111:
12107:
12096:
12092:
12083:
12079:
12062:
12049:
12040:
12036:
12029:
12011:
12007:
11998:
11994:
11974:
11970:
11950:
11946:
11927:
11923:
11903:
11899:
11872:
11868:
11863:
11859:
11854:
11850:
11815:
11811:
11803:
11799:
11798:
11794:
11787:
11783:
11773:
11771:
11763:
11762:
11758:
11748:
11746:
11737:
11736:
11732:
11722:
11720:
11711:
11710:
11706:
11696:
11694:
11692:
11676:
11672:
11662:
11660:
11658:
11642:
11638:
11628:
11626:
11616:
11612:
11602:
11600:
11554:
11550:
11540:
11538:
11529:
11528:
11524:
11517:
11501:
11497:
11454:
11450:
11437:
11433:
11429:, Vol. 54, 2006
11424:
11420:
11415:
11411:
11395:
11391:
11374:
11370:
11351:
11347:
11327:
11323:
11303:
11299:
11264:
11260:
11250:
11248:
11246:
11230:
11217:
11204:
11203:
11199:
11189:
11187:
11182:
11181:
11177:
11134:
11130:
11120:
11118:
11108:
11084:
11080:
11070:
11068:
11066:Foreign Affairs
11058:
11054:
11037:
11033:
11018:
11002:
10998:
10988:
10986:
10982:
10971:
10967:
10966:
10962:
10952:
10950:
10949:. Freedom House
10943:
10939:
10929:
10927:
10919:
10918:
10914:
10879:Democratization
10875:
10871:
10848:
10844:
10839:Wayback Machine
10828:
10824:
10814:
10812:
10796:
10795:
10791:
10783:
10779:
10769:
10767:
10762:
10761:
10757:
10747:
10745:
10736:
10735:
10728:
10720:
10689:
10683:
10679:
10668:
10664:
10654:
10652:
10644:
10643:
10639:
10629:
10627:
10617:
10613:
10603:
10601:
10596:
10595:
10591:
10574:
10573:
10569:
10559:
10557:
10556:on 13 July 2009
10548:
10547:
10543:
10533:
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10518:
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10503:
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10496:
10495:
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10445:
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10423:
10422:
10418:
10408:
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10397:
10396:
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10382:
10380:
10370:
10366:
10356:
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10347:
10340:
10330:
10328:
10318:
10314:
10300:
10296:
10287:
10286:
10282:
10270:
10266:
10260:Wayback Machine
10250:
10246:
10236:
10234:
10228:
10224:
10216:
10212:
10204:
10200:
10190:
10188:
10180:
10179:
10175:
10165:
10163:
10162:on 10 June 2014
10148:
10144:
10134:
10132:
10131:on 14 July 2007
10123:
10122:
10118:
10110:
10103:
10099:
10098:
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10087:
10071:
10067:
10057:
10055:
10051:
10044:
10038:
10034:
10025:
10021:
10014:
10000:PreambuĆa Prawa
9996:
9992:
9982:
9980:
9976:
9969:
9963:(15 May 1991).
9958:
9954:
9944:
9942:
9933:
9932:
9928:
9918:
9916:
9911:
9910:
9906:
9896:
9894:
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9700:
9696:
9689:
9675:
9671:
9662:
9658:
9648:
9646:
9637:
9636:
9632:
9622:
9620:
9615:
9614:
9610:
9599:
9595:
9588:
9569:
9565:
9560:Wayback Machine
9548:
9544:
9532:
9528:
9510:Allen Weinstein
9508:
9504:
9484:
9480:
9459:(11): 107â151.
9453:
9449:
9436:
9432:
9425:
9402:
9398:
9359:
9355:
9341:
9339:
9330:
9329:
9325:
9311:
9309:
9300:
9299:
9292:
9282:
9280:
9271:
9270:
9266:
9256:
9254:
9249:
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9234:
9232:
9227:
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9212:
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9175:
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9100:
9096:
9059:
9055:
9032:
9028:
8989:
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8975:
8973:
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8963:
8953:
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8927:
8922:
8921:
8917:
8910:
8894:
8890:
8880:
8878:
8873:
8872:
8868:
8854:
8852:
8843:
8842:
8838:
8823:
8797:
8793:
8786:
8770:
8766:
8759:
8743:
8739:
8729:
8727:
8717:
8713:
8674:
8670:
8662:
8658:
8651:
8635:
8631:
8624:
8608:
8604:
8597:
8589:. p. 556.
8577:
8573:
8565:
8561:
8551:
8549:
8548:. Annourbis.com
8544:
8543:
8539:
8523:
8519:
8511:
8507:
8499:
8495:
8487:
8483:
8467:
8463:
8456:
8440:
8436:
8426:
8424:
8423:on 1 March 2018
8411:
8410:
8406:
8375:
8371:
8358:
8354:
8349:
8345:
8341:, pp. 108, 109.
8336:
8332:
8323:
8319:
8306:Luciano Canfora
8304:
8300:
8292:
8288:
8272:
8268:
8258:
8256:
8238:
8234:
8219:
8203:
8199:
8189:
8187:
8172:
8168:
8162:
8136:
8132:
8125:
8109:
8100:
8092:
8088:
8080:
8076:
8067:
8066:
8062:
8055:
8039:
8035:
8026:
8022:
8008:
8004:
7997:
7983:
7979:
7972:
7955:
7951:
7912:
7908:
7901:
7885:
7881:
7871:
7869:
7852:
7848:
7838:
7836:
7831:
7824:
7822:
7821:. UK Parliament
7817:
7816:
7812:
7805:
7789:
7782:
7775:
7759:
7755:
7750:Wayback Machine
7720:
7716:
7706:
7704:
7697:
7693:
7686:
7672:
7668:
7658:
7644:
7640:
7630:
7628:
7620:
7619:
7615:
7572:
7568:
7553:
7549:
7538:Economist Group
7524:
7517:
7511:
7507:
7499:
7495:
7442:
7438:
7421:
7417:
7410:
7396:
7389:
7379:
7375:
7362:
7358:
7348:
7346:
7341:
7340:
7336:
7297:
7293:
7286:
7270:
7266:
7231:
7224:
7214:
7212:
7203:
7202:
7198:
7191:
7169:
7165:
7155:
7153:
7148:
7147:
7140:
7136:
7131:
7130:
7125:
7121:
7116:
7115:
7101:Uruguay in 1984
7083:
7079:
7048:
7044:
7039:
7034:
7033:
6996:Politics portal
6994:
6987:
6983:
6974:Good governance
6938:
6704:
6698:
6693:
6692:
6663:and democratic
6612:
6574:
6569:
6568:
6534:
6526:
6525:
6406:Majoritarianism
6366:Democratization
6301:
6293:
6292:
6027:
6017:
5986:Politics series
5975:
5964:
5958:
5955:
5948:
5935:
5931:
5923:
5915:
5772:that ended the
5746:
5741:
5740:
5737:democratization
5700:
5694:
5692:Autocratization
5612:Carroll Quigley
5590:
5589:
5578:Democratization
5574:
5572:Democratization
5568:
5566:Democratization
5539:
5529:
5523:
5515:presidentialism
5511:proportionality
5479:
5478:
5429:
5421:
5405:economic growth
5379:
5373:
5353:
5347:on this basis.
5343:advocate for a
5322:
5314:
5290:
5284:
5276:Sudbury schools
5226:
5174:
5168:
5151:
5145:
5094:
5088:
5083:
5082:
5072:
5064:
5036:
5030:
5008:self-management
4992:
4986:
4981:
4980:
4964:ethnic majority
4948:
4940:
4912:
4906:
4881:
4875:
4847:
4841:
4822:Murray Bookchin
4804:
4771:
4765:
4697:
4685:Main articles:
4683:
4664:
4658:
4573:
4567:
4448:
4442:
4437:
4413:
4407:
4390:
4384:
4349:
4343:
4331:
4286:) or ask for a
4252:
4144:
4138:
4122:
4112:
4067:
4066:
4062:
4060:
4052:
4050:
4042:
4040:
4037:One-party state
4032:
4030:
4022:
4020:
4012:
4010:
3994:
3992:
3991:
3983:
3981:
3973:
3965:
3964:
3960:
3951:
3950:
3943:
3941:
3933:
3931:
3923:
3914:
3893:
3887:
3882:
3881:
3865:econometrically
3860:
3854:
3847:
3841:
3837:
3835:
3831:
3829:
3825:
3821:
3817:
3815:
3811:
3809:
3805:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3789:
3785:
3783:
3779:
3777:
3773:
3757:
3756:
3753:electoral fraud
3747:of opposition,
3701:
3695:
3694: 0.00â0.99
3691:
3689:
3688: 1.00â1.99
3685:
3683:
3682: 2.00â2.99
3679:
3677:
3676: 3.00â3.99
3673:
3664:
3663: 4.00â4.99
3660:
3658:
3657: 5.00â5.99
3654:
3645:
3644: 6.00â6.99
3641:
3639:
3638: 7.00â7.99
3635:
3628:
3627: 8.00â8.99
3624:
3622:
3618:
3598:
3592:
3585:
3571:
3537:
3482:Adam Przeworski
3450:
3426:
3375:
3370:
3309:Rodrigo Duterte
3215:Rose Revolution
3185:Asian democracy
3140:democratisation
3130:
3125:
3064:democratisation
3053:workers council
2932:
2856:Reform Act 1832
2724:female suffrage
2690:Ignatius Sancho
2634:
2618:Pilgrim Fathers
2568:right to revolt
2542:state of nature
2433:
2428:
2402:noble democracy
2390:David Stasavage
2355:, 1215, England
2327:Kouroukan Fouga
2283:Catholic Church
2227:
2222:
2216:
2203:
2176:
2156:weighted voting
2044:
2038:
2036:Greece and Rome
2033:
2003:funeral oration
1987:
1981:
1931:collective will
1927:social contract
1865:political state
1861:judicial review
1859:which includes
1813:is exercised."
1775:
1773:Characteristics
1691:majoritarianism
1652:minority rights
1576:civil liberties
1521:
1483:
1478:
1477:
1464:Democratisation
1457:Autocratization
1433:
1425:
1424:
1423:
1380:
1341:
1320:Tributary state
1310:Satellite state
1265:
1235:
1234:Power structure
1227:
1226:
1178:
1177:
1159:
1130:
1116:
1107:Totalitarianism
1057:
1056:
1038:
989:
988:
969:
961:
960:
955:
931:
923:
888:
880:
811:
803:
750:
741:
740:Source of power
718:Basic forms of
712:Politics series
701:
663:
658:
657:
623:
615:
614:
495:Majoritarianism
455:Democratization
390:
382:
381:
116:
106:
75:Politics series
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
22961:
22951:
22950:
22945:
22940:
22935:
22918:
22917:
22912:
22911:
22909:
22908:
22906:Westernization
22903:
22898:
22893:
22888:
22886:VisegrĂĄd Group
22883:
22878:
22873:
22868:
22863:
22858:
22853:
22848:
22843:
22838:
22833:
22828:
22826:Nordic Council
22823:
22818:
22813:
22808:
22803:
22798:
22793:
22788:
22783:
22778:
22773:
22768:
22763:
22758:
22753:
22748:
22743:
22738:
22733:
22728:
22723:
22721:Bucharest Nine
22718:
22713:
22708:
22703:
22698:
22693:
22688:
22686:Arctic Council
22683:
22678:
22673:
22668:
22663:
22657:
22655:
22649:
22648:
22646:
22645:
22640:
22635:
22634:
22633:
22628:
22623:
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22613:
22608:
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22553:
22552:
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22536:
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22529:
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22519:
22514:
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22404:
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22398:
22388:
22383:
22378:
22377:
22376:
22364:
22363:
22362:
22352:
22347:
22342:
22337:
22332:
22327:
22322:
22321:
22320:
22315:
22305:
22304:
22303:
22296:Existentialism
22293:
22288:
22283:
22278:
22273:
22268:
22263:
22258:
22253:
22247:
22245:
22239:
22238:
22236:
22235:
22234:
22233:
22228:
22223:
22218:
22208:
22207:
22206:
22196:
22195:
22194:
22189:
22179:
22178:
22177:
22167:
22162:
22161:
22160:
22155:
22150:
22140:
22139:
22138:
22128:
22127:
22126:
22116:
22115:
22114:
22109:
22099:
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22089:
22084:
22083:
22082:
22072:
22067:
22066:
22065:
22055:
22054:
22053:
22043:
22042:
22041:
22031:
22026:
22025:
22024:
22014:
22009:
22008:
22007:
22002:
21997:
21986:
21984:
21978:
21977:
21975:
21974:
21973:
21972:
21967:
21957:
21956:
21955:
21950:
21945:
21940:
21935:
21930:
21925:
21920:
21915:
21910:
21905:
21900:
21895:
21890:
21885:
21880:
21875:
21870:
21860:
21855:
21854:
21853:
21848:
21843:
21833:
21832:
21831:
21829:Late antiquity
21821:
21815:
21813:
21807:
21806:
21804:
21803:
21798:
21793:
21788:
21783:
21782:
21781:
21780:
21779:
21774:
21764:
21759:
21754:
21744:
21739:
21733:
21731:
21727:
21726:
21715:
21714:
21707:
21700:
21692:
21683:
21682:
21680:
21679:
21673:
21670:
21669:
21667:
21666:
21659:
21654:
21649:
21647:Social justice
21644:
21639:
21634:
21629:
21624:
21623:
21622:
21617:
21612:
21602:
21597:
21592:
21587:
21582:
21577:
21572:
21567:
21562:
21557:
21555:Egalitarianism
21552:
21547:
21545:Contractualism
21542:
21537:
21532:
21526:
21524:
21520:
21519:
21517:
21516:
21506:
21496:
21486:
21476:
21466:
21456:
21446:
21436:
21426:
21416:
21406:
21396:
21386:
21376:
21366:
21356:
21346:
21336:
21326:
21316:
21306:
21295:
21293:
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21288:
21285:
21284:
21282:
21281:
21276:
21271:
21266:
21261:
21256:
21251:
21246:
21241:
21236:
21231:
21226:
21221:
21216:
21211:
21206:
21201:
21196:
21191:
21186:
21181:
21176:
21171:
21166:
21161:
21156:
21151:
21146:
21141:
21136:
21131:
21126:
21121:
21116:
21111:
21106:
21101:
21096:
21091:
21086:
21081:
21076:
21071:
21066:
21061:
21056:
21051:
21046:
21041:
21036:
21031:
21026:
21021:
21016:
21011:
21006:
21001:
20996:
20991:
20986:
20981:
20976:
20971:
20966:
20961:
20956:
20951:
20945:
20943:
20937:
20936:
20934:
20933:
20928:
20923:
20918:
20913:
20908:
20903:
20898:
20893:
20888:
20883:
20878:
20873:
20868:
20863:
20858:
20853:
20848:
20843:
20838:
20833:
20828:
20823:
20818:
20813:
20812:
20811:
20801:
20796:
20795:
20794:
20784:
20779:
20774:
20769:
20764:
20759:
20754:
20749:
20744:
20739:
20734:
20729:
20724:
20719:
20714:
20709:
20704:
20699:
20694:
20689:
20684:
20678:
20676:
20670:
20669:
20667:
20666:
20661:
20656:
20651:
20646:
20641:
20636:
20631:
20626:
20621:
20616:
20611:
20610:
20609:
20599:
20594:
20589:
20584:
20579:
20574:
20569:
20564:
20558:
20556:
20550:
20549:
20547:
20546:
20541:
20536:
20531:
20526:
20521:
20516:
20511:
20506:
20501:
20496:
20491:
20486:
20481:
20475:
20473:
20469:
20468:
20466:
20465:
20460:
20455:
20450:
20445:
20440:
20439:
20438:
20428:
20423:
20418:
20413:
20408:
20403:
20398:
20393:
20387:
20385:
20378:
20372:
20371:
20369:
20368:
20363:
20358:
20353:
20348:
20343:
20341:Overton window
20338:
20333:
20328:
20323:
20314:
20309:
20304:
20299:
20294:
20289:
20284:
20279:
20274:
20269:
20264:
20259:
20250:
20244:
20242:
20238:
20237:
20235:
20234:
20229:
20224:
20219:
20214:
20209:
20204:
20199:
20194:
20189:
20184:
20179:
20174:
20172:Libertarianism
20169:
20164:
20159:
20154:
20149:
20144:
20139:
20134:
20129:
20124:
20119:
20114:
20109:
20104:
20099:
20094:
20089:
20084:
20078:
20076:
20072:
20071:
20069:
20068:
20063:
20058:
20053:
20048:
20043:
20038:
20033:
20028:
20023:
20018:
20013:
20007:
20005:
20001:
20000:
19998:
19997:
19992:
19987:
19982:
19977:
19972:
19967:
19962:
19957:
19952:
19947:
19942:
19937:
19932:
19927:
19922:
19917:
19912:
19907:
19902:
19897:
19892:
19887:
19882:
19877:
19872:
19867:
19862:
19857:
19852:
19847:
19842:
19836:
19834:
19830:
19829:
19822:
19821:
19814:
19807:
19799:
19790:
19789:
19786:
19785:
19767:
19766:
19765:
19762:
19761:
19758:
19757:
19754:
19753:
19751:
19750:
19745:
19740:
19735:
19730:
19724:
19722:
19716:
19715:
19713:
19712:
19707:
19702:
19697:
19692:
19687:
19682:
19677:
19672:
19667:
19662:
19657:
19652:
19647:
19642:
19637:
19632:
19626:
19624:
19618:
19617:
19615:
19614:
19609:
19604:
19599:
19594:
19589:
19583:
19581:
19575:
19574:
19572:
19571:
19566:
19560:
19558:
19554:
19553:
19551:
19550:
19545:
19540:
19535:
19530:
19525:
19520:
19515:
19509:
19507:
19501:
19500:
19498:
19497:
19492:
19487:
19482:
19476:
19474:
19470:
19469:
19467:
19466:
19460:
19458:
19454:
19453:
19451:
19450:
19445:
19440:
19435:
19430:
19425:
19420:
19415:
19409:
19407:
19401:
19400:
19398:
19397:
19392:
19387:
19382:
19377:
19372:
19367:
19362:
19357:
19352:
19347:
19341:
19339:
19335:
19334:
19332:
19331:
19326:
19321:
19316:
19311:
19306:
19301:
19295:
19293:
19287:
19286:
19284:
19283:
19278:
19273:
19268:
19263:
19257:
19255:
19251:
19250:
19248:
19247:
19242:
19237:
19232:
19226:
19224:
19218:
19217:
19215:
19214:
19209:
19204:
19199:
19194:
19189:
19184:
19179:
19174:
19169:
19164:
19159:
19154:
19149:
19143:
19141:
19137:
19136:
19134:
19133:
19128:
19123:
19118:
19113:
19108:
19102:
19100:
19096:
19095:
19093:
19092:
19087:
19082:
19077:
19072:
19067:
19062:
19057:
19052:
19047:
19042:
19037:
19032:
19027:
19022:
19017:
19012:
19007:
19002:
18997:
18992:
18987:
18982:
18977:
18972:
18967:
18962:
18957:
18952:
18946:
18944:
18940:
18939:
18937:
18936:
18934:Wollstonecraft
18931:
18926:
18921:
18916:
18911:
18906:
18901:
18896:
18891:
18886:
18881:
18876:
18871:
18866:
18861:
18856:
18851:
18846:
18841:
18835:
18833:
18825:
18824:
18814:
18813:
18810:
18809:
18806:
18805:
18803:
18802:
18797:
18792:
18787:
18782:
18777:
18768:
18763:
18758:
18753:
18748:
18743:
18738:
18733:
18728:
18723:
18718:
18711:
18702:
18697:
18692:
18687:
18682:
18673:
18668:
18659:
18654:
18649:
18644:
18639:
18634:
18629:
18624:
18619:
18613:
18606:
18605:
18595:
18594:
18587:
18586:
18579:
18572:
18564:
18555:
18554:
18549:
18548:
18546:
18545:
18533:
18520:
18517:
18516:
18514:
18513:
18508:
18503:
18498:
18493:
18488:
18486:Public holiday
18483:
18478:
18473:
18467:
18465:
18461:
18460:
18458:
18457:
18455:Youth services
18452:
18451:
18450:
18445:
18443:Social pension
18435:
18434:
18433:
18423:
18418:
18413:
18411:Public housing
18408:
18402:
18400:
18394:
18393:
18391:
18390:
18385:
18380:
18375:
18370:
18365:
18360:
18355:
18353:Public library
18350:
18345:
18340:
18335:
18330:
18325:
18320:
18318:Infrastructure
18315:
18313:Free education
18310:
18305:
18299:
18297:
18291:
18290:
18288:
18287:
18282:
18277:
18272:
18271:
18270:
18260:
18255:
18249:
18247:
18245:Public utility
18241:
18240:
18238:
18237:
18232:
18227:
18222:
18221:
18220:
18218:Savings system
18213:Postal service
18210:
18205:
18200:
18194:
18192:
18191:Basic services
18188:
18187:
18185:
18184:
18179:
18174:
18169:
18164:
18159:
18154:
18149:
18144:
18139:
18134:
18129:
18124:
18119:
18114:
18109:
18107:Product sample
18104:
18102:Free newspaper
18099:
18094:
18088:
18086:
18082:
18081:
18079:
18078:
18073:
18068:
18062:
18059:
18058:
18051:
18050:
18043:
18036:
18028:
18019:
18018:
18016:
18015:
18005:
17993:
17990:
17989:
17987:
17986:
17981:
17976:
17966:
17961:
17956:
17951:
17946:
17941:
17936:
17931:
17926:
17921:
17916:
17911:
17906:
17901:
17896:
17890:
17888:
17884:
17883:
17881:
17880:
17874:
17872:
17868:
17867:
17865:
17864:
17863:
17862:
17852:
17847:
17842:
17837:
17832:
17827:
17822:
17817:
17812:
17807:
17806:
17805:
17795:
17790:
17789:
17788:
17778:
17773:
17772:
17771:
17761:
17756:
17751:
17750:
17749:
17738:
17736:
17732:
17731:
17729:
17728:
17723:
17718:
17713:
17708:
17707:
17706:
17695:
17693:
17690:Environment /
17687:
17686:
17684:
17683:
17678:
17673:
17668:
17663:
17658:
17653:
17647:
17645:
17644:infrastructure
17639:
17638:
17636:
17635:
17630:
17625:
17624:
17623:
17613:
17608:
17603:
17597:
17595:
17587:
17586:
17584:
17583:
17578:
17576:Undersecretary
17573:
17568:
17563:
17557:
17555:
17551:
17550:
17548:
17547:
17542:
17537:
17532:
17527:
17522:
17517:
17515:First minister
17512:
17507:
17505:Prime minister
17502:
17500:Vice president
17497:
17491:
17489:
17485:
17484:
17472:
17471:
17464:
17457:
17449:
17440:
17439:
17436:
17435:
17433:
17432:
17427:
17422:
17416:
17410:
17406:
17405:
17403:
17402:
17391:
17380:
17369:
17358:
17347:
17336:
17325:
17314:
17303:
17292:
17287:
17282:
17277:
17271:
17269:
17265:
17264:
17262:
17261:
17256:
17254:European Union
17251:
17249:United Nations
17246:
17241:
17236:
17231:
17226:
17221:
17213:
17211:
17207:
17206:
17203:
17202:
17200:
17199:
17194:
17189:
17184:
17179:
17174:
17169:
17164:
17158:
17152:
17148:
17147:
17144:
17143:
17141:
17140:
17135:
17133:Urban planning
17130:
17125:
17119:
17113:
17109:
17108:
17105:
17104:
17102:
17101:
17096:
17091:
17086:
17081:
17076:
17071:
17066:
17061:
17052:
17046:
17042:
17041:
17038:
17037:
17035:
17034:
17029:
17021:
17016:
17011:
17006:
17001:
16996:
16991:
16986:
16980:
16974:
16968:
16967:
16964:
16963:
16961:
16960:
16955:
16950:
16945:
16940:
16935:
16930:
16925:
16920:
16915:
16910:
16905:
16903:Prime minister
16900:
16895:
16890:
16885:
16880:
16875:
16870:
16865:
16860:
16854:
16848:
16844:
16843:
16841:
16840:
16835:
16830:
16828:Traffic lights
16825:
16820:
16815:
16810:
16805:
16800:
16795:
16790:
16785:
16780:
16775:
16770:
16764:
16762:
16758:
16757:
16755:
16754:
16749:
16747:Theoreticians:
16744:
16739:
16734:
16732:Fundamentalism
16729:
16724:
16719:
16714:
16709:
16704:
16699:
16697:Egalitarianism
16694:
16689:
16684:
16679:
16674:
16669:
16664:
16659:
16654:
16649:
16644:
16639:
16633:
16631:
16627:
16626:
16624:
16623:
16622:
16621:
16616:
16611:
16606:
16601:
16596:
16591:
16586:
16576:
16571:
16562:
16561:
16556:
16551:
16546:
16541:
16536:
16531:
16526:
16521:
16516:
16511:
16506:
16501:
16496:
16491:
16486:
16481:
16476:
16471:
16466:
16461:
16456:
16451:
16446:
16441:
16436:
16431:
16426:
16420:
16418:
16414:
16413:
16411:
16410:
16405:
16400:
16395:
16390:
16385:
16380:
16375:
16370:
16365:
16360:
16355:
16350:
16344:
16342:
16338:
16337:
16326:
16325:
16318:
16311:
16303:
16297:
16294:
16293:
16284:
16281:
16280:
16271:
16270:
16264:
16249:
16248:
16242:
16241:
16230:
16229:
16227:
16226:External links
16224:
16223:
16222:
16216:
16204:Fuller, Roslyn
16200:
16190:
16180:
16175:978-1250179845
16174:
16158:
16148:
16143:978-1350269989
16142:
16125:
16113:
16110:
16108:
16107:
16101:
16088:
16082:
16069:
16045:(2): 105â163.
16030:
16024:
16009:
15981:
15966:
15960:
15944:
15942:
15939:
15937:
15936:
15919:
15865:
15792:
15777:
15733:
15718:
15703:
15688:
15673:
15655:
15640:
15624:
15609:
15588:(1): 234â271.
15565:
15506:
15491:
15472:(6): 699â710.
15452:
15434:
15427:
15409:
15394:
15375:
15357:
15342:
15327:
15312:
15292:
15270:
15255:
15244:(4): 400â408.
15228:
15213:
15196:
15190:978-0521458917
15189:
15163:
15157:978-0300015652
15156:
15138:
15112:
15066:
15051:
15022:
15015:
14994:
14943:
14912:
14875:
14868:
14850:
14806:
14749:
14696:
14677:(1): 142â160.
14661:
14650:(2): 723â737.
14632:
14597:
14578:(5): 908â928.
14562:
14539:
14520:(1): 161â178.
14501:
14487:
14463:
14456:
14430:
14417:
14410:
14384:
14356:(1): 382â410.
14333:
14319:
14312:
14291:
14279:
14258:(1): 179â198.
14235:
14200:
14168:
14108:
14070:
14056:
14036:
14022:
13999:
13983:
13960:
13941:(9): 1847â75.
13925:
13918:
13892:
13879:
13835:
13800:
13785:
13759:
13752:
13726:
13711:
13685:
13670:
13652:
13623:(2): 311â334.
13603:
13572:
13546:
13524:
13485:
13466:(4): 391â402.
13450:
13416:
13395:(1): 357â383.
13375:
13369:
13347:
13334:(4): 361â383.
13312:
13290:
13267:10.1086/700936
13238:
13207:
13181:
13136:
13129:
13108:
13092:
13053:
13021:
12998:
12986:on 10 May 2013
12971:
12939:
12928:
12915:
12893:heinonline.org
12881:
12870:(4): 844â870.
12850:
12839:(7): 823â850.
12819:
12792:(2): 207â225.
12786:World Politics
12772:
12757:
12745:
12733:
12724:
12715:Graham, Robert
12702:
12695:
12675:
12668:
12648:
12641:
12621:
12595:
12567:
12558:
12545:
12531:Avalon Project
12517:
12495:
12470:
12454:
12445:
12432:
12423:
12414:
12399:
12362:
12355:
12337:
12330:
12312:
12305:
12297:Bath, Somerset
12280:
12254:
12229:
12203:
12177:
12164:
12134:
12120:
12105:
12090:
12077:
12047:
12034:
12027:
12005:
11992:
11968:
11944:
11921:
11897:
11886:(6): 699â710.
11866:
11857:
11848:
11809:
11792:
11781:
11756:
11730:
11719:. 17 June 2022
11704:
11690:
11670:
11656:
11636:
11610:
11548:
11522:
11515:
11495:
11468:(2): 198â212.
11448:
11431:
11418:
11409:
11389:
11368:
11345:
11321:
11297:
11258:
11244:
11215:
11197:
11175:
11148:(3): 808â827.
11128:
11106:
11078:
11052:
11031:
11016:
10996:
10985:on 5 June 2019
10960:
10937:
10912:
10885:(2): 321â339.
10869:
10842:
10822:
10789:
10777:
10755:
10726:
10677:
10662:
10637:
10611:
10589:
10567:
10541:
10511:
10489:
10482:
10460:
10438:
10416:
10390:
10364:
10338:
10312:
10303:Nohlen, Dieter
10294:
10280:
10264:
10244:
10222:
10210:
10198:
10173:
10142:
10116:
10092:
10085:
10065:
10032:
10019:
10012:
9990:
9952:
9926:
9904:
9890:
9870:
9859:on 6 July 2016
9840:
9814:(2): 225â229.
9791:
9742:
9735:
9711:
9694:
9687:
9669:
9656:
9630:
9608:
9593:
9586:
9563:
9542:
9526:
9502:
9478:
9447:
9430:
9423:
9396:
9369:(4): 803â832.
9353:
9323:
9290:
9264:
9242:
9220:
9168:
9161:
9143:
9114:(1): 145â162.
9094:
9073:(3): 724â755.
9053:
9042:(4): 660â670.
9026:
8999:(4): 793â837.
8983:
8961:
8915:
8908:
8888:
8866:
8836:
8831:j.ctv513b8x.12
8821:
8791:
8784:
8764:
8757:
8737:
8711:
8668:
8656:
8649:
8629:
8622:
8602:
8595:
8571:
8559:
8537:
8517:
8505:
8503:, p. 107.
8493:
8481:
8461:
8454:
8434:
8404:
8385:(2): 105â121.
8369:
8352:
8343:
8330:
8317:
8298:
8286:
8266:
8232:
8217:
8197:
8166:
8160:
8130:
8123:
8114:Bounding Power
8098:
8086:
8084:, p. 184.
8074:
8060:
8053:
8033:
8020:
8002:
7995:
7977:
7970:
7949:
7928:10.1086/291036
7906:
7899:
7879:
7846:
7833:"Independence"
7810:
7803:
7780:
7773:
7753:
7714:
7691:
7684:
7666:
7656:
7638:
7613:
7566:
7547:
7515:
7505:
7493:
7456:(4): 957â986.
7436:
7415:
7408:
7387:
7385:: "democracy".
7373:
7356:
7334:
7311:(1): 142â155.
7291:
7284:
7264:
7222:
7196:
7189:
7163:
7137:
7135:
7132:
7129:
7128:
7118:
7117:
7114:
7113:
7105:Brazil in 1985
7077:
7041:
7040:
7038:
7035:
7032:
7031:
7026:
7021:
7016:
7011:
7006:
7000:
6999:
6984:
6982:
6981:
6976:
6971:
6966:
6961:
6956:
6951:
6946:
6940:
6939:
6937:
6934:
6930:misinformation
6848:public service
6803:accountability
6763:tabloidization
6751:
6750:
6747:
6744:
6741:
6738:
6735:
6732:
6730:agenda setting
6726:
6697:
6694:
6614:
6613:
6611:
6610:
6603:
6596:
6588:
6585:
6584:
6571:
6570:
6567:
6566:
6561:
6556:
6551:
6546:
6541:
6535:
6532:
6531:
6528:
6527:
6524:
6523:
6518:
6513:
6511:War referendum
6508:
6503:
6498:
6493:
6488:
6483:
6478:
6473:
6468:
6463:
6458:
6453:
6448:
6443:
6438:
6433:
6428:
6423:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6401:Libertarianism
6398:
6393:
6388:
6383:
6378:
6373:
6368:
6363:
6358:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6302:
6300:Related topics
6299:
6298:
6295:
6294:
6291:
6290:
6285:
6280:
6275:
6270:
6265:
6260:
6255:
6250:
6245:
6240:
6235:
6234:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6203:
6201:Representative
6198:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6028:
6023:
6022:
6019:
6018:
6016:
6015:
6010:
6005:
5999:
5996:
5995:
5989:
5988:
5977:
5976:
5938:
5936:
5929:
5924:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5884:Weimar Germany
5853:
5852:
5841:
5840:
5839:
5824:election fraud
5820:
5808:
5750:state collapse
5745:
5742:
5717:public contest
5702:
5701:
5693:
5690:
5639:
5638:
5635:
5576:
5575:
5570:Main article:
5567:
5564:
5525:Main article:
5522:
5519:
5503:youth suffrage
5467:conditionality
5446:Pearson Centre
5430:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5389:Daron Acemoglu
5375:Main article:
5372:
5369:
5352:
5349:
5321:
5318:
5313:
5310:
5286:Main article:
5283:
5280:
5258:Amitai Etzioni
5225:
5222:
5170:Main article:
5167:
5164:
5147:Main article:
5144:
5141:
5125:George Monbiot
5114:United Nations
5090:Main article:
5087:
5084:
5079:state religion
5073:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5044:nested council
5032:Main article:
5029:
5026:
4988:Main article:
4985:
4982:
4977:semi-democracy
4962:âtypically an
4949:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4908:Main article:
4905:
4902:
4897:Treaty of Rome
4877:Main article:
4874:
4873:Consociational
4871:
4863:jury selection
4843:Main article:
4840:
4837:
4803:
4800:
4764:
4761:
4682:
4679:
4660:Main article:
4657:
4654:
4641:Rhodes College
4619:The Federalist
4599:prime minister
4569:Main article:
4566:
4563:
4555:House of Lords
4464:United Kingdom
4444:Main article:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4409:Main article:
4406:
4403:
4386:Main article:
4383:
4380:
4345:Main article:
4342:
4341:Representative
4339:
4330:
4327:
4251:
4248:
4204:
4203:
4192:
4140:Main article:
4137:
4134:
4121:
4118:
4111:
4110:
4103:
4096:
4088:
4061:
4051:
4047:Military junta
4041:
4031:
4021:
4011:
4007:Supreme Leader
3993:
3982:
3972:
3968:Hybrid systems
3959:
3942:
3932:
3922:
3889:Main article:
3886:
3883:
3870:accountability
3862:
3861:
3856:Main article:
3853:
3850:
3844:
3843:
3836:
3830:
3824:
3822:
3816:
3810:
3804:
3798:
3796:
3790:
3784:
3778:
3772:
3767:
3723:hybrid regimes
3705:
3704:
3698:
3697:
3690:
3684:
3678:
3672:
3665:
3659:
3653:
3650:Hybrid regimes
3646:
3640:
3634:
3629:
3623:
3617:
3609:
3594:Main article:
3591:
3588:
3584:
3581:
3570:
3567:
3536:
3533:
3529:Ronald Dworkin
3514:Robert A. Dahl
3486:Richard Posner
3452:The theory of
3449:
3446:
3425:
3422:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3317:reported that
3266:United Nations
3195:Corazon Aquino
3181:Corazon Aquino
3169:European Union
3163:of the former
3161:liberalisation
3123:
3103:British Empire
3095:decolonisation
3080:Eastern Europe
3072:occupied Japan
2952:decolonisation
2931:
2928:
2837:15th Amendment
2833:14th Amendment
2829:13th Amendment
2825:Reconstruction
2763:Bill of Rights
2697:Age of Liberty
2676:, the English
2633:
2630:
2578:and later the
2517:Barry Weingast
2513:Douglass North
2504:Bill of Rights
2484:Putney Debates
2452:natural rights
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2295:Cortes of LeĂłn
2291:papal conclave
2279:Eastern Europe
2271:Faeroe Islands
2237:were ruled by
2226:
2223:
2218:Main article:
2215:
2212:
2202:
2199:
2183:Vajjika League
2175:
2172:
2151:Roman Republic
2091:The Suppliants
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2022:Daniel Deudney
1983:Main article:
1980:
1977:
1837:United Kingdom
1822:Legal equality
1803:United Nations
1774:
1771:
1744:Roman Republic
1687:consensus rule
1679:plurality rule
1523:
1522:
1520:
1519:
1512:
1505:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1480:
1479:
1474:
1473:
1472:
1471:
1469:Hybrid regimes
1466:
1461:
1460:
1459:
1449:
1444:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1418:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1400:Regional power
1397:
1389:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1350:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1305:Puppet monarch
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1274:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1245:
1244:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1222:
1221:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1182:
1181:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1150:
1140:
1138:State religion
1132:
1131:
1129:
1128:
1125:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1061:
1060:
1055:
1054:
1049:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1009:Constitutional
1006:
1001:
993:
992:
987:
986:
981:
975:
970:
968:Power ideology
967:
966:
963:
962:
957:
956:
954:
953:
948:
943:
935:
934:
932:(rule by none)
925:
924:
922:
921:
916:
915:
914:
904:
896:
895:
882:
881:
879:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
815:
814:
805:
804:
802:
801:
796:
791:
786:
784:Representative
781:
776:
771:
766:
758:
757:
742:
739:
738:
735:
734:
723:
722:
715:
714:
703:
702:
700:
699:
692:
685:
677:
674:
673:
660:
659:
656:
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
624:
621:
620:
617:
616:
613:
612:
607:
602:
600:War referendum
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
490:Libertarianism
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
391:
389:Related topics
388:
387:
384:
383:
380:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
323:
322:
317:
312:
307:
302:
292:
290:Representative
287:
282:
277:
272:
267:
262:
257:
252:
247:
242:
237:
232:
227:
218:
213:
208:
203:
198:
193:
188:
183:
178:
173:
168:
163:
158:
153:
148:
143:
138:
133:
128:
123:
117:
112:
111:
108:
107:
105:
104:
99:
94:
88:
85:
84:
78:
77:
52:Nelson Mandela
26:
18:Mass democracy
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
22960:
22949:
22946:
22944:
22941:
22939:
22936:
22934:
22931:
22930:
22928:
22907:
22904:
22902:
22899:
22897:
22894:
22892:
22889:
22887:
22884:
22882:
22879:
22877:
22874:
22872:
22869:
22867:
22864:
22862:
22859:
22857:
22854:
22852:
22851:PROSUR/PROSUL
22849:
22847:
22844:
22842:
22839:
22837:
22834:
22832:
22829:
22827:
22824:
22822:
22819:
22817:
22814:
22812:
22809:
22807:
22804:
22802:
22799:
22797:
22794:
22792:
22789:
22787:
22784:
22782:
22779:
22777:
22774:
22772:
22769:
22767:
22764:
22762:
22759:
22757:
22754:
22752:
22749:
22747:
22746:Craiova Group
22744:
22742:
22739:
22737:
22734:
22732:
22729:
22727:
22724:
22722:
22719:
22717:
22714:
22712:
22709:
22707:
22704:
22702:
22699:
22697:
22694:
22692:
22689:
22687:
22684:
22682:
22679:
22677:
22674:
22672:
22669:
22667:
22664:
22662:
22661:ABCANZ Armies
22659:
22658:
22656:
22650:
22644:
22641:
22639:
22636:
22632:
22629:
22627:
22624:
22622:
22619:
22617:
22614:
22612:
22609:
22607:
22604:
22603:
22602:
22599:
22597:
22594:
22590:
22587:
22586:
22585:
22582:
22580:
22577:
22576:
22574:
22572:
22568:
22562:
22559:
22557:
22554:
22550:
22547:
22545:
22542:
22540:
22537:
22535:
22532:
22528:
22525:
22523:
22520:
22518:
22515:
22513:
22510:
22509:
22508:
22505:
22503:
22500:
22498:
22495:
22493:
22490:
22489:
22488:
22485:
22479:
22476:
22475:
22474:
22471:
22467:
22466:Protestantism
22464:
22460:
22457:
22456:
22455:
22452:
22448:
22445:
22444:
22443:
22440:
22436:
22432:
22429:
22428:
22427:
22424:
22423:
22422:
22419:
22418:
22417:
22414:
22413:
22411:
22409:
22405:
22397:
22394:
22393:
22392:
22389:
22387:
22386:Sovereigntism
22384:
22382:
22379:
22375:
22374:
22370:
22369:
22368:
22365:
22361:
22358:
22357:
22356:
22353:
22351:
22348:
22346:
22343:
22341:
22338:
22336:
22333:
22331:
22328:
22326:
22323:
22319:
22316:
22314:
22311:
22310:
22309:
22306:
22302:
22299:
22298:
22297:
22294:
22292:
22289:
22287:
22284:
22282:
22281:Scholasticism
22279:
22277:
22274:
22272:
22269:
22267:
22264:
22262:
22259:
22257:
22254:
22252:
22249:
22248:
22246:
22244:
22240:
22232:
22229:
22227:
22224:
22222:
22219:
22217:
22214:
22213:
22212:
22209:
22205:
22202:
22201:
22200:
22197:
22193:
22190:
22188:
22185:
22184:
22183:
22180:
22176:
22173:
22172:
22171:
22168:
22166:
22163:
22159:
22156:
22154:
22151:
22149:
22146:
22145:
22144:
22141:
22137:
22134:
22133:
22132:
22129:
22125:
22122:
22121:
22120:
22117:
22113:
22110:
22108:
22105:
22104:
22103:
22100:
22098:
22095:
22093:
22090:
22088:
22085:
22081:
22078:
22077:
22076:
22073:
22071:
22068:
22064:
22061:
22060:
22059:
22056:
22052:
22049:
22048:
22047:
22044:
22040:
22037:
22036:
22035:
22032:
22030:
22027:
22023:
22020:
22019:
22018:
22015:
22013:
22010:
22006:
22003:
22001:
21998:
21996:
21993:
21992:
21991:
21988:
21987:
21985:
21983:
21979:
21971:
21970:War on terror
21968:
21966:
21963:
21962:
21961:
21958:
21954:
21951:
21949:
21946:
21944:
21941:
21939:
21936:
21934:
21931:
21929:
21926:
21924:
21921:
21919:
21916:
21914:
21911:
21909:
21906:
21904:
21901:
21899:
21896:
21894:
21891:
21889:
21886:
21884:
21881:
21879:
21876:
21874:
21871:
21869:
21866:
21865:
21864:
21863:Modern period
21861:
21859:
21856:
21852:
21849:
21847:
21844:
21842:
21839:
21838:
21837:
21834:
21830:
21827:
21826:
21825:
21822:
21820:
21817:
21816:
21814:
21812:
21808:
21802:
21799:
21797:
21794:
21792:
21789:
21787:
21784:
21778:
21775:
21773:
21770:
21769:
21768:
21765:
21763:
21760:
21758:
21755:
21753:
21750:
21749:
21748:
21745:
21743:
21740:
21738:
21735:
21734:
21732:
21728:
21724:
21720:
21719:Western world
21713:
21708:
21706:
21701:
21699:
21694:
21693:
21690:
21678:
21675:
21674:
21671:
21665:
21664:
21660:
21658:
21655:
21653:
21650:
21648:
21645:
21643:
21640:
21638:
21635:
21633:
21630:
21628:
21625:
21621:
21618:
21616:
21613:
21611:
21608:
21607:
21606:
21603:
21601:
21598:
21596:
21593:
21591:
21588:
21586:
21583:
21581:
21580:Jurisprudence
21578:
21576:
21573:
21571:
21568:
21566:
21563:
21561:
21558:
21556:
21553:
21551:
21548:
21546:
21543:
21541:
21538:
21536:
21533:
21531:
21528:
21527:
21525:
21521:
21512:
21511:
21507:
21502:
21501:
21497:
21492:
21491:
21487:
21482:
21481:
21477:
21472:
21471:
21467:
21462:
21461:
21457:
21452:
21451:
21447:
21442:
21441:
21437:
21432:
21431:
21427:
21422:
21421:
21417:
21412:
21411:
21410:Rights of Man
21407:
21402:
21401:
21397:
21392:
21391:
21387:
21382:
21381:
21377:
21372:
21371:
21367:
21362:
21361:
21357:
21352:
21351:
21347:
21342:
21341:
21337:
21332:
21331:
21327:
21322:
21321:
21320:De re publica
21317:
21312:
21311:
21307:
21302:
21301:
21297:
21296:
21294:
21290:
21280:
21277:
21275:
21272:
21270:
21267:
21265:
21262:
21260:
21257:
21255:
21252:
21250:
21247:
21245:
21242:
21240:
21237:
21235:
21232:
21230:
21227:
21225:
21222:
21220:
21217:
21215:
21212:
21210:
21207:
21205:
21202:
21200:
21197:
21195:
21192:
21190:
21187:
21185:
21182:
21180:
21177:
21175:
21172:
21170:
21167:
21165:
21162:
21160:
21157:
21155:
21152:
21150:
21147:
21145:
21142:
21140:
21137:
21135:
21132:
21130:
21127:
21125:
21122:
21120:
21117:
21115:
21112:
21110:
21107:
21105:
21102:
21100:
21097:
21095:
21092:
21090:
21087:
21085:
21082:
21080:
21077:
21075:
21072:
21070:
21067:
21065:
21062:
21060:
21057:
21055:
21052:
21050:
21047:
21045:
21042:
21040:
21037:
21035:
21032:
21030:
21027:
21025:
21022:
21020:
21017:
21015:
21012:
21010:
21007:
21005:
21002:
21000:
20997:
20995:
20992:
20990:
20987:
20985:
20982:
20980:
20977:
20975:
20972:
20970:
20967:
20965:
20962:
20960:
20957:
20955:
20952:
20950:
20947:
20946:
20944:
20940:20th and 21st
20938:
20932:
20929:
20927:
20924:
20922:
20919:
20917:
20914:
20912:
20909:
20907:
20904:
20902:
20899:
20897:
20894:
20892:
20889:
20887:
20884:
20882:
20879:
20877:
20874:
20872:
20869:
20867:
20864:
20862:
20859:
20857:
20854:
20852:
20849:
20847:
20844:
20842:
20839:
20837:
20834:
20832:
20829:
20827:
20824:
20822:
20819:
20817:
20814:
20810:
20807:
20806:
20805:
20802:
20800:
20797:
20793:
20790:
20789:
20788:
20785:
20783:
20780:
20778:
20775:
20773:
20770:
20768:
20765:
20763:
20760:
20758:
20755:
20753:
20750:
20748:
20745:
20743:
20740:
20738:
20735:
20733:
20730:
20728:
20725:
20723:
20720:
20718:
20715:
20713:
20710:
20708:
20705:
20703:
20700:
20698:
20695:
20693:
20690:
20688:
20685:
20683:
20680:
20679:
20677:
20673:18th and 19th
20671:
20665:
20662:
20660:
20657:
20655:
20652:
20650:
20647:
20645:
20642:
20640:
20637:
20635:
20632:
20630:
20627:
20625:
20622:
20620:
20617:
20615:
20612:
20608:
20605:
20604:
20603:
20600:
20598:
20595:
20593:
20590:
20588:
20585:
20583:
20580:
20578:
20575:
20573:
20570:
20568:
20565:
20563:
20560:
20559:
20557:
20551:
20545:
20542:
20540:
20537:
20535:
20532:
20530:
20529:Nizam al-Mulk
20527:
20525:
20522:
20520:
20517:
20515:
20512:
20510:
20507:
20505:
20502:
20500:
20497:
20495:
20492:
20490:
20487:
20485:
20482:
20480:
20477:
20476:
20474:
20470:
20464:
20461:
20459:
20456:
20454:
20451:
20449:
20446:
20444:
20441:
20437:
20434:
20433:
20432:
20429:
20427:
20424:
20422:
20419:
20417:
20414:
20412:
20409:
20407:
20404:
20402:
20399:
20397:
20394:
20392:
20389:
20388:
20386:
20382:
20379:
20377:
20373:
20367:
20364:
20362:
20359:
20357:
20354:
20352:
20349:
20347:
20344:
20342:
20339:
20337:
20334:
20332:
20329:
20327:
20324:
20321:
20320:
20315:
20313:
20310:
20308:
20305:
20303:
20300:
20298:
20295:
20293:
20290:
20288:
20285:
20283:
20280:
20278:
20275:
20273:
20270:
20268:
20265:
20263:
20260:
20257:
20256:
20251:
20249:
20246:
20245:
20243:
20239:
20233:
20230:
20228:
20225:
20223:
20220:
20218:
20215:
20213:
20212:Republicanism
20210:
20208:
20205:
20203:
20200:
20198:
20195:
20193:
20190:
20188:
20185:
20183:
20180:
20178:
20175:
20173:
20170:
20168:
20165:
20163:
20160:
20158:
20155:
20153:
20150:
20148:
20145:
20143:
20140:
20138:
20135:
20133:
20130:
20128:
20125:
20123:
20120:
20118:
20115:
20113:
20110:
20108:
20105:
20103:
20100:
20098:
20095:
20093:
20090:
20088:
20085:
20083:
20080:
20079:
20077:
20073:
20067:
20064:
20062:
20059:
20057:
20054:
20052:
20049:
20047:
20044:
20042:
20039:
20037:
20034:
20032:
20029:
20027:
20024:
20022:
20019:
20017:
20014:
20012:
20009:
20008:
20006:
20002:
19996:
19993:
19991:
19988:
19986:
19983:
19981:
19978:
19976:
19973:
19971:
19968:
19966:
19963:
19961:
19958:
19956:
19953:
19951:
19948:
19946:
19943:
19941:
19938:
19936:
19933:
19931:
19928:
19926:
19923:
19921:
19918:
19916:
19913:
19911:
19908:
19906:
19903:
19901:
19898:
19896:
19893:
19891:
19888:
19886:
19883:
19881:
19878:
19876:
19873:
19871:
19868:
19866:
19863:
19861:
19858:
19856:
19853:
19851:
19848:
19846:
19843:
19841:
19838:
19837:
19835:
19831:
19827:
19820:
19815:
19813:
19808:
19806:
19801:
19800:
19797:
19784:
19776:
19775:
19773:
19771:
19763:
19749:
19746:
19744:
19741:
19739:
19736:
19734:
19731:
19729:
19726:
19725:
19723:
19721:
19720:United States
19717:
19711:
19708:
19706:
19703:
19701:
19698:
19696:
19693:
19691:
19688:
19686:
19683:
19681:
19678:
19676:
19673:
19671:
19668:
19666:
19663:
19661:
19658:
19656:
19653:
19651:
19648:
19646:
19643:
19641:
19638:
19636:
19633:
19631:
19628:
19627:
19625:
19623:
19619:
19613:
19610:
19608:
19605:
19603:
19600:
19598:
19595:
19593:
19590:
19588:
19585:
19584:
19582:
19580:
19576:
19570:
19567:
19565:
19562:
19561:
19559:
19555:
19549:
19546:
19544:
19541:
19539:
19536:
19534:
19531:
19529:
19526:
19524:
19521:
19519:
19516:
19514:
19511:
19510:
19508:
19506:
19502:
19496:
19493:
19491:
19488:
19486:
19483:
19481:
19480:Budai-Deleanu
19478:
19477:
19475:
19471:
19465:
19462:
19461:
19459:
19455:
19449:
19446:
19444:
19441:
19439:
19436:
19434:
19431:
19429:
19426:
19424:
19421:
19419:
19416:
19414:
19411:
19410:
19408:
19406:
19402:
19396:
19393:
19391:
19388:
19386:
19383:
19381:
19378:
19376:
19373:
19371:
19368:
19366:
19363:
19361:
19358:
19356:
19353:
19351:
19348:
19346:
19343:
19342:
19340:
19336:
19330:
19327:
19325:
19322:
19320:
19317:
19315:
19312:
19310:
19307:
19305:
19302:
19300:
19297:
19296:
19294:
19292:
19288:
19282:
19279:
19277:
19274:
19272:
19269:
19267:
19264:
19262:
19259:
19258:
19256:
19252:
19246:
19243:
19241:
19238:
19236:
19233:
19231:
19228:
19227:
19225:
19223:
19219:
19213:
19210:
19208:
19205:
19203:
19200:
19198:
19195:
19193:
19190:
19188:
19185:
19183:
19180:
19178:
19175:
19173:
19170:
19168:
19165:
19163:
19160:
19158:
19155:
19153:
19150:
19148:
19145:
19144:
19142:
19138:
19132:
19129:
19127:
19124:
19122:
19119:
19117:
19114:
19112:
19109:
19107:
19104:
19103:
19101:
19097:
19091:
19088:
19086:
19083:
19081:
19078:
19076:
19073:
19071:
19068:
19066:
19063:
19061:
19058:
19056:
19053:
19051:
19048:
19046:
19043:
19041:
19038:
19036:
19033:
19031:
19028:
19026:
19023:
19021:
19018:
19016:
19013:
19011:
19008:
19006:
19003:
19001:
18998:
18996:
18993:
18991:
18988:
18986:
18983:
18981:
18978:
18976:
18973:
18971:
18968:
18966:
18963:
18961:
18958:
18956:
18953:
18951:
18948:
18947:
18945:
18941:
18935:
18932:
18930:
18927:
18925:
18922:
18920:
18917:
18915:
18912:
18910:
18907:
18905:
18902:
18900:
18897:
18895:
18892:
18890:
18887:
18885:
18882:
18880:
18877:
18875:
18872:
18870:
18867:
18865:
18862:
18860:
18857:
18855:
18852:
18850:
18847:
18845:
18844:Ashley-Cooper
18842:
18840:
18837:
18836:
18834:
18830:
18826:
18819:
18815:
18801:
18798:
18796:
18793:
18791:
18788:
18786:
18783:
18781:
18778:
18775:
18774:
18769:
18767:
18764:
18762:
18759:
18757:
18754:
18752:
18749:
18747:
18746:Progressivism
18744:
18742:
18739:
18737:
18734:
18732:
18729:
18727:
18724:
18722:
18719:
18717:
18716:
18712:
18709:
18708:
18703:
18701:
18698:
18696:
18695:Individualism
18693:
18691:
18688:
18686:
18683:
18680:
18679:
18674:
18672:
18669:
18666:
18665:
18660:
18658:
18655:
18653:
18650:
18648:
18645:
18643:
18640:
18638:
18635:
18633:
18630:
18628:
18625:
18623:
18620:
18618:
18615:
18614:
18611:
18607:
18600:
18596:
18592:
18585:
18580:
18578:
18573:
18571:
18566:
18565:
18562:
18544:
18543:
18534:
18532:
18531:
18522:
18521:
18518:
18512:
18509:
18507:
18504:
18502:
18499:
18497:
18496:Public sector
18494:
18492:
18489:
18487:
18484:
18482:
18479:
18477:
18474:
18472:
18469:
18468:
18466:
18462:
18456:
18453:
18449:
18446:
18444:
18441:
18440:
18439:
18436:
18432:
18429:
18428:
18427:
18424:
18422:
18421:Job guarantee
18419:
18417:
18414:
18412:
18409:
18407:
18404:
18403:
18401:
18399:
18395:
18389:
18386:
18384:
18381:
18379:
18376:
18374:
18373:Public toilet
18371:
18369:
18366:
18364:
18363:Public school
18361:
18359:
18356:
18354:
18351:
18349:
18346:
18344:
18341:
18339:
18336:
18334:
18331:
18329:
18326:
18324:
18321:
18319:
18316:
18314:
18311:
18309:
18306:
18304:
18301:
18300:
18298:
18296:
18292:
18286:
18283:
18281:
18278:
18276:
18273:
18269:
18266:
18265:
18264:
18261:
18259:
18258:Oil & gas
18256:
18254:
18251:
18250:
18248:
18246:
18242:
18236:
18233:
18231:
18228:
18226:
18223:
18219:
18216:
18215:
18214:
18211:
18209:
18206:
18204:
18201:
18199:
18198:Civil service
18196:
18195:
18193:
18189:
18183:
18180:
18178:
18175:
18173:
18170:
18168:
18165:
18163:
18160:
18158:
18157:Public rights
18155:
18153:
18152:Public policy
18150:
18148:
18145:
18143:
18140:
18138:
18135:
18133:
18132:Public health
18130:
18128:
18125:
18123:
18122:Public domain
18120:
18118:
18115:
18113:
18110:
18108:
18105:
18103:
18100:
18098:
18095:
18093:
18090:
18089:
18087:
18083:
18077:
18074:
18072:
18069:
18067:
18064:
18063:
18060:
18056:
18049:
18044:
18042:
18037:
18035:
18030:
18029:
18026:
18014:
18006:
18004:
17995:
17994:
17991:
17985:
17982:
17980:
17977:
17974:
17973:mental health
17970:
17967:
17965:
17962:
17960:
17957:
17955:
17952:
17950:
17947:
17945:
17942:
17940:
17937:
17935:
17932:
17930:
17927:
17925:
17922:
17920:
17917:
17915:
17912:
17910:
17907:
17905:
17902:
17900:
17897:
17895:
17892:
17891:
17889:
17885:
17879:
17876:
17875:
17873:
17869:
17861:
17858:
17857:
17856:
17853:
17851:
17848:
17846:
17843:
17841:
17838:
17836:
17833:
17831:
17828:
17826:
17823:
17821:
17818:
17816:
17813:
17811:
17808:
17804:
17801:
17800:
17799:
17796:
17794:
17791:
17787:
17784:
17783:
17782:
17779:
17777:
17774:
17770:
17767:
17766:
17765:
17762:
17760:
17757:
17755:
17752:
17748:
17745:
17744:
17743:
17740:
17739:
17737:
17733:
17727:
17724:
17722:
17719:
17717:
17714:
17712:
17709:
17705:
17702:
17701:
17700:
17697:
17696:
17694:
17688:
17682:
17679:
17677:
17674:
17672:
17669:
17667:
17664:
17662:
17659:
17657:
17654:
17652:
17649:
17648:
17646:
17640:
17634:
17631:
17629:
17626:
17622:
17619:
17618:
17617:
17614:
17612:
17609:
17607:
17604:
17602:
17599:
17598:
17596:
17594:public safety
17588:
17582:
17579:
17577:
17574:
17572:
17569:
17567:
17564:
17562:
17559:
17558:
17556:
17552:
17546:
17543:
17541:
17538:
17536:
17533:
17531:
17528:
17526:
17523:
17521:
17518:
17516:
17513:
17511:
17508:
17506:
17503:
17501:
17498:
17496:
17493:
17492:
17490:
17486:
17482:
17478:
17470:
17465:
17463:
17458:
17456:
17451:
17450:
17447:
17431:
17428:
17426:
17423:
17421:
17418:
17417:
17414:
17411:
17407:
17398:
17392:
17387:
17381:
17376:
17370:
17365:
17359:
17354:
17348:
17343:
17337:
17332:
17326:
17321:
17315:
17310:
17304:
17299:
17293:
17291:
17288:
17286:
17283:
17281:
17278:
17276:
17275:Human history
17273:
17272:
17270:
17266:
17260:
17257:
17255:
17252:
17250:
17247:
17245:
17242:
17240:
17237:
17235:
17232:
17230:
17227:
17225:
17222:
17220:
17219:
17215:
17214:
17212:
17210:International
17208:
17198:
17195:
17193:
17190:
17188:
17185:
17183:
17180:
17178:
17175:
17173:
17170:
17168:
17165:
17163:
17160:
17159:
17156:
17153:
17149:
17139:
17136:
17134:
17131:
17129:
17126:
17124:
17121:
17120:
17117:
17114:
17110:
17100:
17097:
17095:
17092:
17090:
17087:
17085:
17082:
17080:
17077:
17075:
17072:
17070:
17067:
17065:
17062:
17060:
17058:
17054:
17053:
17050:
17047:
17043:
17033:
17030:
17028:
17026:
17022:
17020:
17017:
17015:
17012:
17010:
17007:
17005:
17002:
17000:
16997:
16995:
16992:
16990:
16987:
16985:
16982:
16981:
16978:
16975:
16969:
16959:
16956:
16954:
16951:
16949:
16946:
16944:
16941:
16939:
16936:
16934:
16931:
16929:
16926:
16924:
16921:
16919:
16916:
16914:
16911:
16909:
16906:
16904:
16901:
16899:
16896:
16894:
16891:
16889:
16886:
16884:
16883:Head of state
16881:
16879:
16876:
16874:
16871:
16869:
16866:
16864:
16861:
16859:
16856:
16855:
16852:
16849:
16845:
16839:
16836:
16834:
16831:
16829:
16826:
16824:
16821:
16819:
16816:
16814:
16811:
16809:
16806:
16804:
16801:
16799:
16796:
16794:
16791:
16789:
16786:
16784:
16781:
16779:
16776:
16774:
16771:
16769:
16766:
16765:
16763:
16759:
16753:
16750:
16748:
16745:
16743:
16742:Progressivism
16740:
16738:
16735:
16733:
16730:
16728:
16725:
16723:
16720:
16718:
16715:
16713:
16710:
16708:
16705:
16703:
16700:
16698:
16695:
16693:
16690:
16688:
16685:
16683:
16680:
16678:
16675:
16673:
16670:
16668:
16665:
16663:
16660:
16658:
16655:
16653:
16650:
16648:
16645:
16643:
16640:
16638:
16635:
16634:
16632:
16628:
16620:
16617:
16615:
16612:
16610:
16607:
16605:
16602:
16600:
16597:
16595:
16592:
16590:
16589:Collaborative
16587:
16585:
16582:
16581:
16580:
16577:
16575:
16572:
16570:
16568:
16564:
16563:
16560:
16557:
16555:
16552:
16550:
16547:
16545:
16542:
16540:
16537:
16535:
16534:Republicanism
16532:
16530:
16527:
16525:
16522:
16520:
16517:
16515:
16512:
16510:
16507:
16505:
16502:
16500:
16497:
16495:
16492:
16490:
16487:
16485:
16482:
16480:
16477:
16475:
16472:
16470:
16467:
16465:
16464:Confederation
16462:
16460:
16457:
16455:
16452:
16450:
16447:
16445:
16442:
16440:
16437:
16435:
16432:
16430:
16427:
16425:
16422:
16421:
16419:
16415:
16409:
16406:
16404:
16401:
16399:
16396:
16394:
16391:
16389:
16386:
16384:
16381:
16379:
16376:
16374:
16371:
16369:
16368:Unitary state
16366:
16364:
16361:
16359:
16356:
16354:
16351:
16349:
16346:
16345:
16343:
16339:
16335:
16331:
16324:
16319:
16317:
16312:
16310:
16305:
16304:
16301:
16295:
16288:
16282:
16275:
16268:
16265:
16263:
16262:
16257:
16254:
16253:
16247:
16244:
16243:
16238:
16233:
16219:
16213:
16209:
16205:
16201:
16198:
16194:
16191:
16188:
16184:
16181:
16177:
16171:
16167:
16163:
16162:Taylor, Astra
16159:
16156:
16152:
16149:
16145:
16139:
16135:
16131:
16130:Kennard, Matt
16126:
16123:
16119:
16116:
16115:
16104:
16098:
16094:
16089:
16085:
16079:
16075:
16070:
16066:
16060:
16052:
16048:
16044:
16040:
16036:
16031:
16027:
16021:
16017:
16016:
16010:
16006:
16000:
15992:
15988:
15984:
15978:
15974:
15973:
15967:
15963:
15957:
15953:
15952:
15946:
15945:
15932:
15931:
15923:
15915:
15911:
15906:
15901:
15896:
15891:
15887:
15883:
15879:
15872:
15870:
15850:
15846:
15842:
15838:
15834:
15830:
15826:
15822:
15818:
15814:
15810:
15803:
15796:
15788:
15781:
15773:
15769:
15764:
15759:
15755:
15751:
15747:
15740:
15738:
15729:
15722:
15714:
15707:
15699:
15692:
15684:
15677:
15669:
15662:
15660:
15651:
15644:
15636:
15628:
15620:
15613:
15605:
15601:
15596:
15591:
15587:
15583:
15579:
15572:
15570:
15561:
15557:
15552:
15547:
15542:
15537:
15533:
15529:
15525:
15521:
15517:
15510:
15502:
15495:
15487:
15483:
15479:
15475:
15471:
15467:
15463:
15456:
15449:. Peter Lang.
15448:
15441:
15439:
15430:
15424:
15420:
15413:
15405:
15398:
15390:
15382:
15380:
15371:
15364:
15362:
15353:
15346:
15338:
15331:
15323:
15316:
15308:
15301:
15299:
15297:
15288:
15284:
15277:
15275:
15266:
15259:
15251:
15247:
15243:
15239:
15232:
15224:
15217:
15210:
15206:
15200:
15192:
15186:
15182:
15177:
15176:
15167:
15159:
15153:
15149:
15142:
15126:
15122:
15116:
15108:
15104:
15100:
15096:
15092:
15088:
15084:
15080:
15076:
15070:
15062:
15055:
15040:
15036:
15032:
15026:
15018:
15012:
15008:
15001:
14999:
14990:
14986:
14982:
14978:
14974:
14970:
14966:
14962:
14958:
14954:
14947:
14931:
14927:
14923:
14916:
14909:
14903:
14898:
14895:(1): 93â113.
14894:
14890:
14886:
14879:
14871:
14865:
14861:
14854:
14847:
14843:
14839:
14834:
14829:
14825:
14821:
14817:
14810:
14791:
14787:
14783:
14779:
14775:
14771:
14767:
14760:
14753:
14745:
14741:
14737:
14733:
14729:
14725:
14721:
14717:
14713:
14709:
14708:
14700:
14692:
14688:
14684:
14680:
14676:
14672:
14665:
14657:
14653:
14649:
14645:
14644:
14636:
14628:
14624:
14620:
14616:
14612:
14608:
14601:
14593:
14589:
14585:
14581:
14577:
14573:
14566:
14560:
14556:
14552:
14548:
14543:
14535:
14531:
14527:
14523:
14519:
14515:
14508:
14506:
14490:
14484:
14480:
14476:
14475:
14467:
14459:
14453:
14449:
14445:
14441:
14434:
14427:
14421:
14413:
14407:
14403:
14399:
14395:
14388:
14377:
14373:
14369:
14364:
14359:
14355:
14351:
14344:
14337:
14329:
14323:
14315:
14309:
14305:
14301:
14295:
14289:
14283:
14275:
14271:
14266:
14261:
14257:
14253:
14249:
14242:
14240:
14231:
14227:
14223:
14219:
14216:(2): 151â69.
14215:
14211:
14204:
14197:
14192:
14188:
14185:(4): 306â22.
14184:
14180:
14172:
14164:
14160:
14156:
14152:
14147:
14142:
14138:
14134:
14130:
14126:
14119:
14112:
14097:
14093:
14089:
14085:
14081:
14074:
14059:
14053:
14049:
14048:
14040:
14025:
14019:
14015:
14014:
14006:
14004:
13997:
13993:
13987:
13981:
13977:
13973:
13970:
13969:Harry J Hogan
13964:
13956:
13952:
13948:
13944:
13940:
13936:
13929:
13921:
13915:
13911:
13907:
13903:
13896:
13889:
13883:
13875:
13871:
13867:
13863:
13859:
13855:
13852:(1): 69â105.
13851:
13847:
13842:For example:
13839:
13830:
13825:
13821:
13817:
13816:
13811:
13804:
13796:
13792:
13788:
13782:
13778:
13774:
13770:
13763:
13755:
13749:
13745:
13741:
13737:
13730:
13722:
13718:
13714:
13708:
13704:
13700:
13696:
13689:
13681:
13677:
13673:
13667:
13663:
13656:
13648:
13644:
13639:
13634:
13630:
13626:
13622:
13618:
13614:
13607:
13599:
13595:
13591:
13587:
13583:
13576:
13561:
13557:
13550:
13534:
13528:
13520:
13516:
13512:
13508:
13504:
13500:
13496:
13489:
13481:
13477:
13473:
13469:
13465:
13461:
13454:
13447:
13441:
13437:
13433:
13432:
13431:Hoover Digest
13427:
13420:
13412:
13408:
13403:
13398:
13394:
13390:
13386:
13379:
13372:
13366:
13362:
13358:
13351:
13342:
13337:
13333:
13329:
13328:
13323:
13316:
13309:. p. 03.
13308:
13306:
13301:
13294:
13286:
13282:
13277:
13276:1721.1/124287
13272:
13268:
13264:
13261:(1): 47â100.
13260:
13256:
13249:
13242:
13234:
13230:
13226:
13222:
13218:
13211:
13196:
13192:
13185:
13176:
13171:
13166:
13161:
13157:
13153:
13152:
13147:
13140:
13132:
13126:
13122:
13121:
13112:
13105:
13101:
13096:
13088:
13084:
13080:
13076:
13072:
13068:
13064:
13057:
13038:
13031:
13025:
13018:
13017:
13012:
13008:
13002:
12985:
12981:
12975:
12956:
12949:
12943:
12937:
12932:
12925:
12919:
12911:
12902:
12894:
12891:
12885:
12877:
12873:
12869:
12865:
12861:
12854:
12846:
12842:
12838:
12834:
12830:
12823:
12815:
12811:
12807:
12803:
12799:
12795:
12791:
12787:
12783:
12776:
12768:
12761:
12755:
12749:
12743:
12737:
12728:
12722:
12721:
12716:
12712:
12706:
12698:
12692:
12688:
12687:
12679:
12671:
12665:
12661:
12660:
12652:
12644:
12638:
12634:
12633:
12625:
12609:
12607:
12599:
12584:
12583:
12578:
12571:
12562:
12556:(2009) p. 211
12555:
12549:
12533:
12532:
12527:
12521:
12505:
12499:
12484:
12480:
12474:
12465:
12463:
12461:
12459:
12449:
12442:
12436:
12427:
12418:
12410:
12403:
12395:
12391:
12387:
12383:
12380:(3): 335â42.
12379:
12375:
12374:
12366:
12358:
12352:
12348:
12341:
12333:
12327:
12323:
12316:
12308:
12306:0-75258-227-5
12302:
12298:
12294:
12293:World History
12290:
12289:Black, Jeremy
12284:
12268:
12264:
12258:
12250:
12246:
12242:
12241:
12233:
12217:
12213:
12207:
12191:
12187:
12181:
12167:
12161:
12157:
12153:
12149:
12145:
12138:
12130:
12124:
12116:
12109:
12101:
12094:
12087:
12081:
12074:
12070:
12066:
12060:
12058:
12056:
12054:
12052:
12044:
12038:
12030:
12024:
12020:
12016:
12009:
12002:
11996:
11990:
11986:
11982:
11978:
11972:
11966:
11962:
11958:
11954:
11948:
11942:
11938:
11934:
11930:
11925:
11919:
11915:
11911:
11907:
11901:
11893:
11889:
11885:
11881:
11877:
11870:
11861:
11852:
11844:
11840:
11836:
11832:
11829:(1): 97â109.
11828:
11824:
11820:
11813:
11802:
11796:
11790:
11785:
11770:
11769:Freedom House
11766:
11760:
11744:
11740:
11734:
11718:
11714:
11708:
11693:
11687:
11683:
11682:
11674:
11659:
11653:
11649:
11648:
11640:
11625:
11621:
11614:
11599:
11595:
11591:
11587:
11583:
11579:
11575:
11571:
11567:
11563:
11559:
11552:
11537:. 9 June 2020
11536:
11532:
11526:
11518:
11512:
11508:
11507:
11499:
11491:
11487:
11483:
11479:
11475:
11471:
11467:
11463:
11459:
11452:
11444:
11443:
11435:
11428:
11422:
11413:
11407:
11403:
11399:
11393:
11386:
11382:
11378:
11372:
11366:
11362:
11358:
11354:
11349:
11342:
11338:
11334:
11330:
11329:Anthony Downs
11325:
11318:
11314:
11310:
11306:
11301:
11293:
11289:
11285:
11281:
11278:(2): 525â62.
11277:
11273:
11269:
11262:
11247:
11241:
11237:
11236:
11228:
11226:
11224:
11222:
11220:
11211:
11207:
11201:
11185:
11179:
11171:
11167:
11163:
11159:
11155:
11151:
11147:
11143:
11139:
11132:
11117:
11113:
11109:
11103:
11099:
11095:
11091:
11090:
11082:
11067:
11063:
11056:
11048:
11047:
11042:
11035:
11027:
11023:
11019:
11013:
11009:
11008:
11000:
10981:
10977:
10970:
10964:
10948:
10941:
10926:
10922:
10916:
10908:
10904:
10900:
10896:
10892:
10888:
10884:
10880:
10873:
10865:
10861:
10857:
10853:
10852:Global Policy
10846:
10840:
10836:
10833:
10826:
10811:
10807:
10803:
10799:
10793:
10786:
10781:
10765:
10759:
10743:
10739:
10733:
10731:
10719:
10715:
10711:
10707:
10703:
10700:(6): 646â59.
10699:
10695:
10688:
10681:
10673:
10666:
10651:
10647:
10641:
10626:
10622:
10615:
10599:
10593:
10585:
10581:
10577:
10571:
10555:
10551:
10545:
10529:
10525:
10521:
10515:
10499:
10493:
10485:
10479:
10475:
10471:
10464:
10448:
10442:
10426:
10420:
10404:
10400:
10394:
10379:
10375:
10368:
10352:
10345:
10343:
10327:
10323:
10316:
10308:
10304:
10298:
10290:
10284:
10277:
10274:
10268:
10261:
10257:
10254:
10248:
10233:
10226:
10219:
10214:
10207:
10202:
10187:
10183:
10177:
10161:
10157:
10153:
10146:
10130:
10126:
10120:
10109:
10102:
10096:
10088:
10082:
10078:
10077:
10069:
10050:
10043:
10036:
10029:
10023:
10015:
10009:
10005:
10001:
9994:
9975:
9968:
9967:
9962:
9961:Norman Davies
9956:
9940:
9936:
9930:
9914:
9908:
9893:
9887:
9883:
9882:
9874:
9858:
9854:
9850:
9844:
9833:
9829:
9825:
9821:
9817:
9813:
9809:
9802:
9795:
9784:
9780:
9776:
9772:
9768:
9764:
9760:
9753:
9746:
9738:
9732:
9728:
9724:
9723:
9715:
9708:
9704:
9698:
9690:
9684:
9680:
9673:
9666:
9660:
9644:
9640:
9634:
9618:
9612:
9604:
9597:
9589:
9583:
9579:
9578:
9573:
9567:
9561:
9557:
9554:
9553:
9546:
9539:
9538:
9537:United States
9530:
9523:
9519:
9515:
9511:
9506:
9499:
9495:
9491:
9487:
9482:
9474:
9470:
9466:
9462:
9458:
9451:
9444:
9440:
9437:Locke, John.
9434:
9426:
9420:
9416:
9412:
9411:
9406:
9400:
9392:
9388:
9384:
9380:
9376:
9372:
9368:
9364:
9357:
9350:
9337:
9333:
9327:
9320:
9307:
9303:
9297:
9295:
9278:
9274:
9268:
9252:
9246:
9230:
9224:
9208:
9204:
9200:
9186:
9182:
9178:
9172:
9164:
9158:
9154:
9147:
9139:
9135:
9131:
9127:
9122:
9117:
9113:
9109:
9105:
9098:
9090:
9086:
9081:
9076:
9072:
9068:
9064:
9057:
9049:
9045:
9041:
9037:
9030:
9022:
9018:
9014:
9010:
9006:
9002:
8998:
8994:
8987:
8971:
8965:
8949:
8945:
8944:The Telegraph
8940:
8925:
8919:
8911:
8905:
8901:
8900:
8892:
8876:
8870:
8863:
8850:
8846:
8840:
8832:
8828:
8824:
8818:
8814:
8810:
8806:
8802:
8795:
8787:
8781:
8778:. Routledge.
8777:
8776:
8768:
8760:
8754:
8750:
8749:
8741:
8726:
8722:
8715:
8707:
8703:
8699:
8695:
8691:
8687:
8683:
8679:
8672:
8665:
8660:
8652:
8646:
8642:
8641:
8633:
8625:
8619:
8615:
8614:
8606:
8598:
8592:
8588:
8587:Lonely Planet
8584:
8583:
8575:
8568:
8563:
8547:
8541:
8535:
8531:
8527:
8521:
8514:
8509:
8502:
8497:
8490:
8485:
8479:
8475:
8471:
8465:
8457:
8451:
8447:
8446:
8438:
8422:
8418:
8414:
8408:
8400:
8396:
8392:
8388:
8384:
8380:
8373:
8365:
8364:
8356:
8347:
8340:
8334:
8327:
8321:
8314:
8311:
8307:
8302:
8295:
8290:
8284:
8280:
8276:
8270:
8255:
8251:
8247:
8243:
8236:
8228:
8224:
8220:
8214:
8210:
8209:
8201:
8185:
8181:
8177:
8170:
8163:
8157:
8153:
8149:
8145:
8141:
8134:
8126:
8120:
8116:
8115:
8107:
8105:
8103:
8095:
8090:
8083:
8078:
8070:
8064:
8056:
8050:
8046:
8045:
8037:
8030:
8029:Spirit of Law
8027:Montesquieu,
8024:
8017:
8016:
8011:
8006:
7998:
7992:
7988:
7981:
7973:
7967:
7963:
7959:
7953:
7945:
7941:
7937:
7933:
7929:
7925:
7921:
7917:
7910:
7902:
7896:
7892:
7891:
7883:
7867:
7863:
7862:
7857:
7850:
7834:
7820:
7814:
7806:
7800:
7796:
7795:
7787:
7785:
7776:
7770:
7767:. JHU Press.
7766:
7765:
7757:
7751:
7747:
7744:
7739:
7735:
7731:
7727:
7726:
7718:
7702:
7695:
7687:
7681:
7677:
7670:
7664:
7659:
7653:
7649:
7642:
7627:
7623:
7617:
7609:
7605:
7601:
7597:
7593:
7589:
7586:(1): 92â113.
7585:
7581:
7577:
7570:
7563:
7559:
7558:
7557:The Economist
7551:
7544:
7539:
7535:
7534:
7533:The Economist
7529:
7522:
7520:
7509:
7502:
7497:
7489:
7485:
7480:
7475:
7471:
7467:
7463:
7459:
7455:
7451:
7447:
7440:
7433:
7429:
7425:
7419:
7411:
7405:
7401:
7394:
7392:
7384:
7383:
7377:
7370:
7366:
7363:Locke, John.
7360:
7344:
7338:
7330:
7326:
7322:
7318:
7314:
7310:
7306:
7302:
7295:
7287:
7281:
7277:
7276:
7268:
7260:
7256:
7252:
7248:
7244:
7240:
7236:
7229:
7227:
7210:
7206:
7200:
7192:
7186:
7182:
7178:
7174:
7167:
7151:
7145:
7143:
7138:
7123:
7119:
7110:
7106:
7102:
7098:
7094:
7090:
7089:Spain in 1975
7086:
7081:
7074:
7070:
7069:
7064:
7060:
7056:
7052:
7046:
7042:
7030:
7027:
7025:
7022:
7020:
7017:
7015:
7012:
7010:
7007:
7005:
7002:
7001:
6997:
6991:
6986:
6980:
6977:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6965:
6962:
6960:
6957:
6955:
6952:
6950:
6947:
6945:
6942:
6941:
6933:
6931:
6927:
6923:
6918:
6916:
6912:
6906:
6904:
6900:
6896:
6892:
6888:
6884:
6880:
6875:
6873:
6869:
6865:
6861:
6857:
6853:
6849:
6844:
6842:
6838:
6834:
6830:
6829:echo chambers
6826:
6822:
6816:
6814:
6809:
6804:
6799:
6797:
6793:
6789:
6785:
6781:
6777:
6773:
6769:
6764:
6759:
6757:
6756:market forces
6748:
6745:
6742:
6739:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6727:
6724:
6723:
6722:
6720:
6715:
6713:
6709:
6708:social issues
6703:
6690:
6686:
6682:
6678:
6674:
6670:
6666:
6665:aristocracies
6662:
6658:
6654:
6650:
6647:
6643:
6639:
6638:James Madison
6635:
6630:
6628:
6624:
6620:
6609:
6604:
6602:
6597:
6595:
6590:
6589:
6587:
6586:
6583:
6578:
6573:
6572:
6565:
6562:
6560:
6557:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6536:
6530:
6529:
6522:
6519:
6517:
6514:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6499:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6486:Right to vote
6484:
6482:
6479:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6464:
6462:
6459:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6444:
6442:
6439:
6437:
6434:
6432:
6429:
6427:
6424:
6422:
6419:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6411:Majority rule
6409:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6303:
6297:
6296:
6289:
6286:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6278:Supermajority
6276:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6208:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6176:Participatory
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6107:Hybrid regime
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6029:
6026:
6021:
6020:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
6000:
5998:
5997:
5994:
5991:
5990:
5987:
5983:
5982:
5973:
5970:
5962:
5959:February 2024
5952:
5946:
5944:
5939:This article
5937:
5928:
5927:
5921:
5910:
5908:
5904:
5900:
5896:
5891:
5889:
5885:
5881:
5877:
5873:
5869:
5865:
5861:
5857:
5850:
5846:
5842:
5837:
5833:
5829:
5825:
5821:
5819:
5815:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5806:
5805:South Vietnam
5802:
5798:
5795:
5794:
5793:
5791:
5787:
5783:
5779:
5775:
5771:
5767:
5763:
5759:
5755:
5754:regime change
5751:
5738:
5734:
5730:
5726:
5722:
5718:
5714:
5710:
5706:
5705:regime change
5699:
5689:
5687:
5680:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5665:
5663:
5659:
5654:
5651:
5647:
5644:
5636:
5633:
5632:
5631:
5629:
5625:
5624:human capital
5621:
5616:
5613:
5609:
5607:
5602:
5600:
5596:
5587:
5583:
5579:
5573:
5563:
5561:
5560:authoritarian
5557:
5549:
5548:democratizing
5545:
5533:
5528:
5518:
5516:
5513:and reducing
5512:
5508:
5504:
5501:, increasing
5500:
5496:
5492:
5483:
5476:
5472:
5468:
5464:
5462:
5458:
5451:
5447:
5443:
5442:African Union
5438:
5434:
5427:
5416:
5412:
5408:
5406:
5402:
5398:
5394:
5390:
5387:, economists
5386:
5385:
5378:
5368:
5366:
5362:
5357:
5348:
5346:
5342:
5338:
5334:
5330:
5326:
5317:
5312:Justification
5309:
5307:
5303:
5299:
5295:
5289:
5279:
5277:
5273:
5269:
5268:
5263:
5259:
5255:
5251:
5247:
5243:
5239:
5235:
5231:
5221:
5214:
5210:
5206:
5202:
5198:
5194:
5190:
5186:
5182:
5178:
5173:
5163:
5160:
5156:
5150:
5140:
5138:
5134:
5130:
5126:
5121:
5119:
5115:
5111:
5105:
5103:
5099:
5093:
5080:
5076:
5070:
5059:
5057:
5053:
5048:
5045:
5041:
5035:
5028:Participatory
5025:
5023:
5019:
5018:
5013:
5009:
5005:
5001:
4997:
4991:
4978:
4974:
4969:
4965:
4961:
4957:
4953:
4946:
4935:
4933:
4932:Constitutions
4929:
4925:
4921:
4920:supermajority
4917:
4911:
4901:
4898:
4894:
4890:
4886:
4880:
4870:
4868:
4864:
4860:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4836:
4834:
4829:
4827:
4823:
4820:
4816:
4812:
4808:
4799:
4797:
4793:
4789:
4785:
4781:
4776:
4770:
4760:
4758:
4754:
4750:
4746:
4743:
4739:
4735:
4733:
4729:
4725:
4721:
4717:
4716:participatory
4713:
4709:
4705:
4701:
4696:
4692:
4688:
4678:
4676:
4672:
4669:
4663:
4653:
4651:
4647:
4642:
4638:
4633:
4630:
4626:
4622:
4620:
4615:
4614:James Madison
4611:
4607:
4602:
4600:
4596:
4592:
4588:
4584:
4583:head of state
4580:
4579:
4572:
4571:Republicanism
4562:
4560:
4556:
4551:
4549:
4545:
4541:
4537:
4533:
4529:
4525:
4521:
4517:
4512:
4510:
4506:
4502:
4498:
4493:
4489:
4485:
4481:
4477:
4473:
4469:
4465:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4432:
4430:
4425:
4423:
4417:
4412:
4402:
4400:
4394:
4389:
4382:Parliamentary
4379:
4377:
4373:
4369:
4364:
4362:
4358:
4354:
4348:
4338:
4336:
4326:
4323:
4319:
4315:
4314:town meetings
4311:
4306:
4304:
4300:
4295:
4293:
4289:
4285:
4281:
4276:
4274:
4270:
4266:
4262:
4258:
4247:
4245:
4241:
4237:
4233:
4229:
4225:
4221:
4217:
4214:
4209:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4190:
4189:
4188:
4181:
4177:
4173:
4172:ballot papers
4169:
4164:
4157:
4153:
4152:Landsgemeinde
4148:
4143:
4133:
4131:
4127:
4117:
4109:
4104:
4102:
4097:
4095:
4090:
4089:
4085:
4084:
4077:
4076:
4070:
4058:
4048:
4038:
4028:
4018:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3989:
3979:
3971:
3969:
3957:
3955:
3949:
3939:
3929:
3920:
3918:
3912:
3911:
3905:
3901:
3899:
3892:
3879:
3875:
3871:
3866:
3859:
3840: No data
3823:
3797:
3771:
3770:
3766:map for 2023
3765:
3761:
3754:
3750:
3746:
3742:
3738:
3737:inclusiveness
3734:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3719:
3717:
3713:
3709:
3671:
3670:
3666:
3652:
3651:
3647:
3633:
3630:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3587:
3580:
3577:
3576:
3566:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3542:
3532:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3511:
3509:
3505:
3504:Anthony Downs
3501:
3496:
3494:
3489:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3467:
3462:
3460:
3455:
3445:
3443:
3442:
3437:
3436:
3431:
3421:
3419:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3365:
3363:
3359:
3350:
3346:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3315:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3293:
3290:
3282:
3277:
3273:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3258:Freedom House
3256:According to
3250:
3246:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3141:
3137:
3128:
3122:
3117:
3115:
3112:In 1948, the
3110:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3091:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3037:
3033:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2964:
2959:
2955:
2953:
2949:
2941:
2936:
2927:
2925:
2921:
2916:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2902:appointed by
2901:
2897:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2806:
2801:
2797:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2766:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2731:
2727:
2725:
2721:
2720:Enlightenment
2717:
2713:
2709:
2704:
2702:
2698:
2693:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2670:Acts of Union
2667:
2663:
2659:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2638:
2629:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2598:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2583:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2556:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2538:
2533:
2529:
2528:Thomas Hobbes
2525:
2520:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2505:
2502:of 1688, the
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2444:Thomas Hobbes
2441:
2437:
2423:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2412:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2394:
2391:
2385:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2369:habeas corpus
2366:
2362:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2221:
2211:
2208:
2198:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2174:Ancient India
2171:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2144:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2111:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2097:
2093:
2092:
2087:
2083:
2082:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2043:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2019:
2014:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1995:Philipp Foltz
1991:
1986:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1965:aristocracies
1962:
1958:
1954:
1953:republicanism
1950:
1946:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1923:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1876:majority rule
1872:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1833:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1814:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1783:
1780:
1770:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1759:authoritarian
1756:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1731:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1706:
1704:
1703:supreme court
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1675:majority rule
1672:
1668:
1667:parliamentary
1664:
1660:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1644:right to life
1641:
1637:
1636:voting rights
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1579:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1566:is vested in
1565:
1561:
1557:
1554:'people' and
1553:
1548:
1542:
1533:
1532:Ancient Greek
1529:
1518:
1513:
1511:
1506:
1504:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1495:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1481:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1439:
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1153:State atheism
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1143:Secular state
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1047:Authoritarian
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1024:Parliamentary
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812:(rule by few)
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575:Right to vote
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500:Majority rule
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367:Supermajority
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265:Participatory
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196:Hybrid regime
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19:
22896:Western Bloc
22696:AUSCANNZUKUS
22652:Contemporary
22637:
22601:Human rights
22447:Latin Church
22421:Christianity
22371:
22330:Conservatism
22175:contemporary
22012:Architecture
21948:World War II
21908:Emancipation
21903:Abolitionism
21791:Romanization
21786:Roman legacy
21767:Roman Empire
21661:
21560:Elite theory
21508:
21498:
21488:
21478:
21468:
21458:
21448:
21438:
21428:
21418:
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21388:
21378:
21368:
21358:
21348:
21338:
21328:
21318:
21308:
21298:
20597:Guicciardini
20553:Early modern
20376:Philosophers
20326:Open society
20262:Body politic
20132:Distributism
20122:Conservatism
20117:Confucianism
20036:Gerontocracy
20030:
20026:Dictatorship
19980:Sovereigntyâ
19970:Ruling class
19860:Emancipation
19845:Citizenshipâ
19768:
19513:Catherine II
18965:Beaumarchais
18795:Universality
18766:Reductionism
18713:
18690:Human rights
18651:
18540:
18528:
18481:Public float
18416:Job creation
18368:Public space
18295:Public works
18172:Public value
18167:Public trust
17400:}}
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17094:Civil rights
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17073:
17055:
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17003:
16999:Town meeting
16983:
16932:
16907:
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16863:Constitution
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16822:
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16692:Distributism
16677:Conservatism
16662:Collectivism
16630:Philosophies
16604:Cosmopolitan
16599:Conservative
16566:
16565:
16438:
16429:Govt systems
16423:
16403:Municipality
16382:
16259:
16236:
16207:
16199:23(1): 1â26.
16196:
16186:
16165:
16154:
16133:
16121:
16092:
16073:
16059:cite journal
16042:
16038:
16014:
15975:. New York.
15971:
15950:
15929:
15922:
15888:(1): 25â48.
15885:
15881:
15856:. Retrieved
15849:the original
15812:
15808:
15795:
15786:
15780:
15753:
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15727:
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15712:
15706:
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15667:
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15634:
15627:
15621:. Macmillan.
15618:
15612:
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15241:
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15231:
15222:
15216:
15208:
15199:
15174:
15166:
15147:
15141:
15129:. Retrieved
15124:
15115:
15082:
15075:Ober, Josiah
15069:
15060:
15054:
15042:. Retrieved
15038:
15025:
15006:
14963:(1): 29â40.
14960:
14956:
14946:
14934:. Retrieved
14925:
14915:
14906:
14892:
14888:
14878:
14859:
14853:
14845:
14823:
14819:
14809:
14797:. Retrieved
14769:
14765:
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14699:
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14664:
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14641:
14635:
14610:
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14600:
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14571:
14565:
14550:
14542:
14517:
14513:
14492:. Retrieved
14473:
14466:
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14420:
14393:
14387:
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14322:
14303:
14294:
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14251:
14213:
14209:
14203:
14194:
14182:
14179:Intelligence
14178:
14171:
14128:
14124:
14111:
14099:. Retrieved
14090:(2): 77â99.
14087:
14083:
14073:
14061:. Retrieved
14046:
14039:
14027:. Retrieved
14012:
13991:
13986:
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13938:
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13661:
13655:
13620:
13616:
13606:
13589:
13585:
13575:
13565:17 September
13563:. Retrieved
13560:The Atlantic
13559:
13549:
13537:. Retrieved
13527:
13502:
13498:
13488:
13463:
13459:
13453:
13440:the original
13435:
13429:
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13293:
13258:
13254:
13241:
13224:
13220:
13210:
13198:. Retrieved
13194:
13184:
13175:10852/100947
13155:
13149:
13139:
13119:
13111:
13095:
13073:(4): 35â41.
13070:
13066:
13056:
13044:. Retrieved
13037:the original
13024:
13015:
13010:
13006:
13001:
12988:. Retrieved
12984:the original
12974:
12962:. Retrieved
12955:the original
12942:
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12624:
12612:. Retrieved
12605:
12598:
12586:. Retrieved
12580:
12570:
12561:
12553:
12548:
12536:. Retrieved
12529:
12520:
12508:. Retrieved
12498:
12486:. Retrieved
12483:bartleby.com
12482:
12473:
12448:
12435:
12426:
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12402:
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12371:
12365:
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12340:
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12271:. Retrieved
12267:the original
12257:
12239:
12232:
12220:. Retrieved
12216:the original
12206:
12194:. Retrieved
12190:the original
12180:
12169:, retrieved
12147:
12137:
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12108:
12099:
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11826:
11822:
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11768:
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11742:
11733:
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11716:
11707:
11695:. Retrieved
11680:
11673:
11661:. Retrieved
11646:
11639:
11627:. Retrieved
11623:
11613:
11601:. Retrieved
11565:
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11551:
11539:. Retrieved
11534:
11525:
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11356:
11353:Dahl, Robert
11348:
11332:
11324:
11308:
11300:
11275:
11271:
11261:
11249:. Retrieved
11234:
11209:
11200:
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11178:
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11119:. Retrieved
11088:
11081:
11069:. Retrieved
11065:
11055:
11044:
11034:
11006:
10999:
10987:. Retrieved
10980:the original
10963:
10951:. Retrieved
10940:
10928:. Retrieved
10924:
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10882:
10878:
10872:
10858:(1): 28â37.
10855:
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10801:
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10758:
10746:. Retrieved
10741:
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10649:
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10624:
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10592:
10584:the original
10579:
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10558:. Retrieved
10554:the original
10544:
10532:. Retrieved
10528:the original
10523:
10514:
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10492:
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10463:
10451:. Retrieved
10441:
10429:. Retrieved
10419:
10407:. Retrieved
10403:the original
10393:
10381:. Retrieved
10377:
10367:
10355:. Retrieved
10329:. Retrieved
10325:
10315:
10306:
10297:
10288:
10283:
10275:
10267:
10247:
10237:26 September
10235:. Retrieved
10225:
10213:
10201:
10189:. Retrieved
10185:
10176:
10164:. Retrieved
10160:the original
10155:
10145:
10133:. Retrieved
10129:the original
10119:
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10075:
10068:
10056:. Retrieved
10049:the original
10035:
10027:
10022:
10003:
9999:
9993:
9981:. Retrieved
9974:the original
9965:
9955:
9943:. Retrieved
9939:the original
9929:
9917:. Retrieved
9907:
9895:. Retrieved
9880:
9873:
9861:. Retrieved
9857:the original
9852:
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9672:
9664:
9659:
9647:. Retrieved
9643:the original
9633:
9621:. Retrieved
9611:
9602:
9596:
9576:
9572:Deacy, Susan
9566:
9551:
9545:
9534:
9529:
9513:
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9438:
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9340:. Retrieved
9336:the original
9326:
9317:
9310:. Retrieved
9306:the original
9281:. Retrieved
9277:the original
9267:
9255:. Retrieved
9245:
9233:. Retrieved
9223:
9211:. Retrieved
9207:the original
9202:
9189:. Retrieved
9185:the original
9180:
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9107:
9097:
9070:
9066:
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9039:
9035:
9029:
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8992:
8986:
8974:. Retrieved
8964:
8952:. Retrieved
8943:
8928:. Retrieved
8918:
8898:
8891:
8879:. Retrieved
8869:
8860:
8853:. Retrieved
8849:the original
8839:
8804:
8794:
8774:
8767:
8747:
8740:
8728:. Retrieved
8724:
8721:"Government"
8714:
8681:
8677:
8671:
8659:
8639:
8632:
8612:
8605:
8581:
8574:
8569:, p. 34
8562:
8550:. Retrieved
8540:
8525:
8520:
8508:
8496:
8491:, p. 5.
8484:
8469:
8468:Susan Lape,
8464:
8444:
8437:
8425:. Retrieved
8421:the original
8416:
8407:
8382:
8378:
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8362:
8355:
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8338:
8333:
8325:
8320:
8309:
8301:
8289:
8274:
8269:
8257:. Retrieved
8246:The Guardian
8245:
8235:
8207:
8200:
8188:. Retrieved
8184:the original
8179:
8169:
8143:
8133:
8113:
8094:Graeber 2013
8089:
8082:Graeber 2013
8077:
8063:
8043:
8036:
8028:
8023:
8014:
8010:R. R. Palmer
8005:
7986:
7980:
7961:
7952:
7922:(1): 1â101.
7919:
7915:
7909:
7889:
7882:
7870:. Retrieved
7866:the original
7859:
7849:
7837:. Retrieved
7823:. Retrieved
7813:
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7756:
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7705:. Retrieved
7694:
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7647:
7641:
7629:. Retrieved
7625:
7616:
7583:
7579:
7569:
7562:2016 reprint
7555:
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7359:
7347:. Retrieved
7337:
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7213:. Retrieved
7208:
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7172:
7166:
7154:. Retrieved
7122:
7080:
7066:
7045:
6919:
6907:
6883:social media
6876:
6872:deregulation
6868:impartiality
6845:
6833:civil rights
6825:social media
6817:
6808:dumbing down
6800:
6796:civil rights
6792:surveillance
6760:
6752:
6716:
6705:
6631:
6617:
6283:Totalitarian
6166:Non-partisan
6146:Majoritarian
6127:Jeffersonian
6067:Deliberative
6057:Cosmopolitan
6052:Conservative
6032:Anticipatory
5992:
5984:Part of the
5965:
5956:
5943:copy editing
5941:may require
5940:
5892:
5888:Nazi Germany
5862:and eroding
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5747:
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5437:Peacekeeping
5413:
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5337:general will
5331:is based on
5323:
5315:
5291:
5265:
5246:shareholders
5242:Corporations
5238:cooperatives
5234:trade unions
5227:
5218:
5189:Saudi Arabia
5184:
5180:
5152:
5122:
5112:, e.g., the
5106:
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5086:Cosmopolitan
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4960:ethnic group
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4618:
4603:
4585:, such as a
4576:
4574:
4552:
4513:
4461:
4426:
4418:
4414:
4405:Presidential
4395:
4391:
4372:proportional
4368:constituency
4365:
4350:
4332:
4307:
4296:
4277:
4260:
4256:
4253:
4205:
4185:
4123:
4115:
4068:
3966:
3952:
3915:
3907:
3894:
3720:
3712:quantitative
3706:
3667:
3648:
3631:
3614:
3586:
3573:
3572:
3549:
3546:deliberation
3539:
3538:
3535:Deliberative
3512:
3507:
3497:
3490:
3473:
3465:
3463:
3453:
3451:
3439:
3433:
3429:
3427:
3406:
3376:
3373:Early theory
3355:
3312:
3294:
3286:
3261:
3255:
3200:
3165:Eastern bloc
3132:
3119:
3111:
3092:
3060:World War II
3058:
3045:Leon Trotsky
2994:Nazi Germany
2968:
2945:
2917:
2884:
2849:
2810:
2772:adopted the
2767:
2728:
2712:constitution
2705:
2701:civil rights
2694:
2655:
2599:
2584:
2553:
2535:
2521:
2469:
2442:expanded on
2409:
2395:
2386:
2358:
2334:
2329:divided the
2243:feudal lords
2228:
2204:
2187:mahajanapada
2177:
2148:
2132:appeared in
2130:Range voting
2128:
2118:
2114:
2112:
2107:
2100:
2089:
2079:
2063:
2059:
2047:
2045:
2026:
2011:
1956:
1943:
1935:collectivism
1924:
1896:deliberation
1873:
1834:
1815:
1807:human rights
1795:constitution
1784:
1776:
1752:
1730:aristokratĂa
1727:
1723:áŒÏÎčÏÏÎżÎșÏαÏία
1707:
1699:constitution
1656:
1580:
1555:
1551:
1527:
1526:
1405:Middle power
1332:Vassal state
1326:Buffer state
1324:
1300:Puppet state
1295:Protectorate
1271:Client state
1261:Principality
1087:Distributism
1029:Presidential
907:Dictatorship
831:Gerontocracy
753:rule by many
747:
726:
710:Part of the
372:Totalitarian
255:Non-partisan
235:Majoritarian
216:Jeffersonian
156:Deliberative
146:Cosmopolitan
141:Conservative
121:Anticipatory
81:
73:Part of the
44:
22836:Open Balkan
22654:integration
22584:Rule of law
22579:Natural law
22556:Agnosticism
22534:Hellenistic
22512:Anglo-Saxon
22442:Catholicism
22381:Atlanticism
22286:Rationalism
22092:Immigration
22075:Esotericism
21933:World War I
21898:Romanticism
21878:Reformation
21858:Renaissance
21836:Middle Ages
21801:Christendom
21730:Foundations
21434:(1835â1840)
21314:(c. 350 BC)
21304:(c. 375 BC)
20921:Tocqueville
20886:Saint-Simon
20851:Montesquieu
20702:Bolingbroke
20634:Machiavelli
20514:Ibn Khaldun
20479:Alpharabius
20472:Middle Ages
20297:Natural law
20272:Common good
20197:Nationalism
20157:Imperialism
20127:Corporatism
20102:Colonialism
20082:Agrarianism
20061:Technocracy
20041:Meritocracy
20021:Bureaucracy
20011:Aristocracy
19770:Romanticism
19592:Charles III
19433:Poniatowski
19370:Leeuwenhoek
19350:de la Court
19338:Netherlands
19182:Mendelssohn
19177:Lichtenberg
19055:Montesquieu
18773:Sapere aude
18756:Rationalism
18751:Rationality
18741:Objectivity
18333:Public bank
18308:Free clinic
18142:Public land
18092:Common good
17642:Economics /
17259:World Court
17192:Magna Carta
17009:Legislation
16971:Governance
16928:Legislature
16803:Regulation:
16712:Familialism
16687:Corporatism
16667:Communalism
16637:Agrarianism
16549:Technocracy
16509:Meritocracy
16504:Kleptocracy
16484:Ergatocracy
16479:Electocracy
16469:Colonialism
16454:Bureaucracy
16449:Aristocracy
15941:Works cited
15756:: 415â438.
14908:governance.
13638:10036/64393
13505:: 149â170.
13158:: 357â375.
13046:12 February
11629:27 December
11541:20 November
11206:"Aristotle"
10815:14 November
10630:31 December
10534:15 February
10504:16 December
10409:7 September
10191:18 November
9983:5 September
9405:Locke, John
9312:27 November
9283:22 December
8976:17 November
8881:17 November
8807:: 130â151.
8296:, p. .
8273:John Dunn,
8190:22 December
7701:"Democracy"
7245:(3): 5â16.
7175:: 851â862.
7156:24 February
7150:"Democracy"
7009:Meritocracy
6837:free speech
6768:horse races
6728:Meaningful
6719:Jay Blumler
6661:polyarchies
6653:epistocracy
6391:Kleroterion
6273:Substantive
6248:Semi-direct
5876:rule of law
5662:autocracies
5540: 2010
5267:Islamocracy
5209:Afghanistan
5159:moral ideal
4824:criticised
4788:Trotskyists
4742:multi-party
4675:rule of law
4509:H. G. Wells
4472:Netherlands
4456:Charles III
4376:referendums
4310:New England
4299:referendums
4273:initiatives
4269:referendums
4265:U.S. states
4250:Semi-direct
4200:referendums
4196:initiatives
4168:Switzerland
4120:Basic forms
3727:autocracies
3716:comparative
3448:Aggregative
3414:Montesquieu
3390:aristocracy
3327:rule of law
3319:nationalist
3301:nationalist
3177:Philippines
2970:World War I
2920:New Zealand
2794:Grodno Sejm
2749:nor extend
2695:During the
2381:petitioning
2365:Magna Carta
2353:Magna Carta
2331:Mali Empire
2277:, found in
2247:Scandinavia
2235:Middle Ages
2233:during the
2225:Middle Ages
2119:most direct
2068:Cleisthenes
2018:Montesquieu
1830:rule of law
1779:Karl Popper
1740:city-states
1718:aristocracy
1659:communities
1640:deprivation
1628:citizenship
1612:association
1564:state power
1410:Great power
1395:Small power
1337:Viceroyalty
1208:Nationalism
1072:Colonialism
1052:Libertarian
1014:Directorial
891:rule by one
871:Technocracy
866:Stratocracy
846:Meritocracy
836:Kleptocracy
826:Aristocracy
480:Kleroterion
362:Substantive
337:Semi-direct
22927:Categories
22856:Rio Treaty
22367:Relativism
22325:Liberalism
22291:Empiricism
22243:Philosophy
22231:Secularism
22182:Philosophy
22119:Literature
21913:Capitalism
21642:Separatism
21450:On Liberty
21350:The Prince
21079:Huntington
20582:Campanella
20509:al-Ghazali
20458:Thucydides
20416:Lactantius
20361:Statolatry
20187:Monarchism
20167:Liberalism
20092:Capitalism
20075:Ideologies
20056:Plutocracy
20004:Government
19960:Revolution
19945:Propaganda
19895:Legitimacy
19870:Government
19612:Villarroel
19607:Jovellanos
19543:Radishchev
19490:Micu-Klein
19428:Niemcewicz
19395:Swammerdam
19385:Nieuwentyt
19375:Mandeville
19230:Farmakidis
19116:Burlamaqui
19025:La Mettrie
19000:Fontenelle
18955:d'Argenson
18950:d'Alembert
18874:Harrington
18800:Utopianism
18700:Liberalism
18657:Empiricism
18632:Classicism
18622:Capitalism
18506:Public use
18388:Urban park
18328:Public art
18117:Public bad
17894:Presidents
17590:Defence /
17488:Leadership
17481:ministries
17409:Categories
17342:liberalism
17290:Templates:
17187:Documents:
17162:Overviews:
17014:Regulation
16943:Parliament
16847:Components
16833:Sanitation
16823:Municipal:
16752:John Locke
16737:Liberalism
16717:Fanaticism
16529:Plutocracy
16499:Geniocracy
16489:Federalism
16459:Capitalism
16334:government
16291:Government
15858:12 October
15289:: 301â339.
15044:10 October
14936:27 January
14799:7 November
14547:Mudde, Cas
14131:(1): 1â6.
13680:1053623603
13102:Johnson's
12588:20 January
12222:12 October
11951:A. Barak,
11355:, (1989).
11331:, (1957).
11307:, (1950).
11121:21 January
11026:1155487679
10953:28 January
10930:28 January
10331:25 January
10058:12 October
9765:(2): 231.
9342:30 October
9213:16 October
9191:16 October
8954:28 January
8930:19 January
8855:28 January
8684:(4): 978.
7839:9 November
7743:Full text.
7631:2 February
7134:References
6926:propaganda
6922:censorship
6903:censorship
6852:World Bank
6712:news media
6673:neo-feudal
6657:lottocracy
6623:principles
6554:Historical
6466:Referendum
6421:Ochlocracy
6396:Liberalism
6386:Initiative
6263:Sociocracy
6191:Procedural
6161:Multiparty
6122:Jacksonian
6117:Industrial
6097:Grassroots
6082:Electronic
5951:editing it
5776:, and the
5744:Disruption
5713:repressive
5658:tsetse fly
5584:political
5397:monopolies
5320:Legitimacy
5302:executives
5262:sharia law
5211:, and the
5155:John Dewey
5129:David Held
4807:Anarchists
4767:See also:
4738:Trotskyist
4720:industrial
4710:, and the
4646:John Adams
4597:such as a
4329:Lot system
4303:California
4292:parliament
4288:referendum
4194:Put forth
4001:republic (
3999:Theocratic
3910:government
3466:minimalism
3409:Republican
3289:voting age
3237:, and the
3235:Kyrgyzstan
3211:Yugoslavia
3149:South Asia
2904:the Sultan
2892:Parliament
2668:under the
2640:Statue of
2560:legitimate
2550:John Locke
2440:John Locke
2426:Modern era
2299:Alfonso IX
2255:lawspeaker
2040:See also:
1712:, notably
1591:deliberate
1568:the people
1560:government
1547:dÄmokratĂa
1536:ÎŽÎ·ÎŒÎżÎșÏαÏία
1415:Superpower
1371:Superstate
1366:Federation
1361:Devolution
1347:Federalism
1188:City-state
861:Plutocracy
856:Particracy
720:government
643:Historical
555:Referendum
510:Ochlocracy
485:Liberalism
475:Initiative
352:Sociocracy
280:Procedural
250:Multiparty
211:Jacksonian
206:Industrial
186:Grassroots
171:Electronic
22943:Elections
22938:Democracy
22801:Five Eyes
22796:EUâUK TCA
22638:Democracy
22527:Old Norse
22416:Abrahamic
22373:Peritrope
22355:Tolerance
22335:Socialism
22165:Mythology
22153:Classical
22102:Languages
22080:Astrology
21928:Modernism
21742:Old World
21360:Leviathan
21340:Monarchia
21334:(c. 1274)
21169:Oakeshott
21114:Mansfield
21109:Luxemburg
21094:Kropotkin
20989:Bernstein
20942:centuries
20856:Nietzsche
20799:Jefferson
20727:Condorcet
20675:centuries
20654:Pufendorf
20519:Marsilius
20406:Confucius
20391:Aristotle
20384:Antiquity
20312:Noble lie
20232:Third Way
20227:Socialism
20152:Feudalism
20107:Communism
20087:Anarchism
20066:Theocracy
20051:Oligarchy
20031:Democracy
20016:Autocracy
19930:Pluralism
19915:Obedience
19880:Hierarchy
19840:Authority
19733:Jefferson
19675:Hutcheson
19564:ObradoviÄ
19533:Lomonosov
19528:Kheraskov
19438:Ćniadecki
19202:Weishaupt
19197:Thomasius
19187:Pufendorf
19030:Lavoisier
19015:d'Holbach
19010:Helvétius
18990:Descartes
18985:Condorcet
18980:Condillac
18914:Priestley
18731:Modernity
18652:Democracy
17495:President
17477:ministers
17218:Diplomacy
17138:Sociology
17069:Campaigns
17057:Elections
17032:Precedent
17004:Outcomes:
16994:Committee
16973:processes
16923:Judiciary
16898:President
16858:Documents
16798:Espionage
16761:Functions
16707:Extremism
16642:Anarchism
16594:Consensus
16584:Cellular
16567:Democracy
16554:Theocracy
16539:Socialism
16524:Oligarchy
16494:Feudalism
16474:Communism
16341:Overviews
16256:Democracy
16237:Democracy
15999:cite book
15991:769425385
15772:219769484
15604:150169330
15486:155126179
15099:146975709
14977:1022-0461
14842:150992660
14786:225378571
14744:221472047
14691:228959708
14627:159354232
14592:234870008
14534:225475139
14358:CiteSeerX
14274:0003-0554
14230:153949862
14175:Compare:
13955:158036471
13795:240235199
13721:240235199
13519:149640396
13446:this page
13444:Also see
13411:1094-2939
13285:222452675
13227:: 42â68.
13115:Compare:
13087:201790528
12964:22 August
12814:251572712
12614:22 August
12538:7 January
12510:22 August
12488:8 January
12394:154048078
12273:22 August
12249:153766786
12196:22 August
11598:151808737
11582:0192-5121
11490:155953192
11482:0192-5121
11387:, p. 134.
11170:225207244
11162:1537-5927
11116:242013001
11071:15 August
10907:212974380
10899:1351-0347
10810:0882-7729
10714:144895426
10655:3 January
10604:22 August
10560:22 August
10453:22 August
10431:22 August
10186:USA Today
10135:22 August
9945:22 August
9897:8 October
9828:145135025
9779:145135025
9649:2 October
9623:22 August
9465:1935-0708
9383:1471-6372
9130:1094-2939
9089:0022-0507
9021:211428630
9013:0020-8183
8706:237710260
8698:1354-0661
8552:22 August
8391:0009-8353
8254:0261-3077
7944:144699481
7872:18 August
7825:18 August
7707:17 August
7608:149825810
7600:2332-8894
7513:(49.4%)."
7470:0033-362X
7325:1045-5736
7259:1086-3214
7215:17 August
7037:Footnotes
6841:autocracy
6788:terrorism
6685:theocracy
6491:Sortition
6446:Polyarchy
6306:Anarchism
6288:Workplace
6268:Sovereign
6258:Socialist
6238:Sectarian
6216:Christian
6206:Religious
6181:Pluralist
6136:Illiberal
6112:Inclusive
6087:Empowered
6062:Defensive
6047:Consensus
5993:Democracy
5811:Self-coup
5709:autocracy
5620:education
5550:(yellow).
5264:, termed
5062:Religious
5040:parpolity
5004:stateless
4984:Inclusive
4966:âand the
4950:The term
4904:Consensus
4850:Sortition
4845:Sortition
4839:Sortition
4802:Anarchist
4784:Leninists
4745:socialist
4700:Socialist
4681:Socialist
4625:democracy
4587:president
4575:The term
4361:plurality
3745:co-option
3741:polyarchy
3604:The 2023
3555:consensus
3524:elections
3519:polyarchy
3517:the term
3398:autocracy
3396:or today
3386:oligarchy
3382:timocracy
3378:Aristotle
3341:during a
3043:in 1905:
2940:Polity IV
2896:bicameral
2768:In 1789,
2537:Leviathan
2319:sortition
2307:Dubrovnik
2143:Aristotle
2086:Aeschylus
2081:Histories
2076:Herodotus
2048:democracy
2046:The term
1945:Republics
1939:lawmaking
1908:equitable
1892:elections
1603:elections
1599:officials
1587:authority
1562:in which
1541:romanized
1528:Democracy
1242:Unitarism
1218:Globalism
1124:Religious
1112:Tribalism
1102:Socialism
1097:Feudalism
1082:Despotism
1077:Communism
1067:Anarchism
1004:Communist
951:Stateless
941:Anarchism
902:Despotism
886:Autocracy
876:Theocracy
841:Kritarchy
809:Oligarchy
794:Socialist
748:Democracy
580:Sortition
535:Polyarchy
395:Anarchism
377:Workplace
357:Sovereign
347:Socialist
327:Sectarian
305:Christian
295:Religious
270:Pluralist
225:Illiberal
201:Inclusive
176:Empowered
151:Defensive
136:Consensus
82:Democracy
60:apartheid
22861:Schengen
22791:Eurozone
22631:Property
22626:Religion
22517:Frankish
22507:Germanic
22487:Paganism
22408:Religion
22396:European
22308:Humanism
22211:Religion
22170:Painting
22136:Internet
22087:Folklore
22058:Clothing
22029:Calendar
22005:Cyrillic
21990:Alphabet
21953:Cold War
21615:Centrism
21310:Politics
21300:Republic
21269:Voegelin
21249:Spengler
21234:Shariati
21209:Rothbard
21164:Nussbaum
21064:Habermas
21039:Fukuyama
21029:Foucault
20954:Ambedkar
20931:Voltaire
20901:de Staël
20876:Rousseau
20757:Franklin
20732:Constant
20692:Beccaria
20524:Muhammad
20504:Gelasius
20489:Averroes
20463:Xenophon
20443:Polybius
20396:Chanakya
20241:Concepts
20207:Populism
20177:Localism
20162:Islamism
20147:Feminism
20046:Monarchy
19950:Property
19940:Progress
19905:Monopoly
19875:Hegemony
19783:Category
19728:Franklin
19695:Playfair
19665:Ferguson
19622:Scotland
19569:MrazoviÄ
19523:Kantemir
19518:Fonvizin
19457:Portugal
19423:Krasicki
19418:Konarski
19413:KoĆĆÄ
taj
19365:Koerbagh
19314:Genovesi
19299:Beccaria
19261:Berkeley
19192:Schiller
19157:Humboldt
19131:Saussure
19126:Rousseau
19090:Voltaire
19045:Maréchal
19020:Jaucourt
18975:ChĂątelet
18970:Chamfort
18919:Reynolds
18822:Thinkers
18726:Midlands
18715:LumiĂšres
18685:Humanism
18678:Haskalah
18530:Category
18464:See also
18085:Concepts
17545:Minister
17182:Suffrage
17112:Academic
17045:Politics
16984:Process:
16953:Assembly
16938:Congress
16918:Ministry
16793:Military
16727:Feminism
16652:Centrism
16619:Republic
16519:Monarchy
16439:Systems:
16408:Township
16330:Politics
16206:(2015).
16164:(2019).
16132:(2023).
16120:(2016).
15914:34260744
15837:29590045
15560:33622786
15131:22 April
15077:(2005).
14989:Archived
14985:55589140
14930:Archived
14790:Archived
14736:32883862
14613:: 9â36.
14376:Archived
14163:21297949
14155:18181782
13972:Archived
13874:53686238
13647:55486399
13539:10 March
13480:51897214
13307:MIT News
13200:26 April
12901:cite web
12409:Politics
12131:. Rudaw.
11843:51782149
11723:17 April
11663:30 April
11590:26556872
11535:oecd.org
11272:Antipode
11251:14 March
10989:26 April
10925:idea.int
10835:Archived
10718:Archived
10305:(2001).
10256:Archived
10108:Archived
9919:21 April
9863:21 April
9832:Archived
9783:Archived
9574:(2008).
9556:Archived
9488:(2003).
9138:14393625
8948:Archived
8417:stoa.org
7960:(2000).
7746:Archived
7663:Details.
7488:35035302
7329:Archived
6936:See also
6881:and the
6879:internet
6813:populism
6456:Populism
6211:Buddhist
6156:Monitory
6077:Economic
6042:Cellular
6037:Athenian
5797:Invasion
5788:and the
5248:through
5143:Creative
4924:majority
4891:rule in
4780:Marxists
4724:economic
4629:republic
4578:republic
4565:Republic
4484:Thailand
4435:Typology
4357:republic
4236:Bolivian
4232:CIPO-RFM
4083:de facto
3418:Rousseau
3323:populist
3297:populist
3157:Cold War
3124:â
3006:Portugal
2862:and the
2664:and the
2622:Baptists
2614:Puritans
2406:nobility
2315:Signoria
2265:and the
2207:Iroquois
2201:Americas
2195:republic
2185:(Vrijji
2179:Vaishali
2168:republic
2108:métoikoi
2096:isonomia
2007:Assembly
1999:Pericles
1961:republic
1929:and the
1902:," i.e.
1748:suffrage
1601:through
1290:Dominion
1019:Legalist
999:Absolute
984:Republic
979:Monarchy
851:Noocracy
821:Anocracy
774:Economic
764:Demarchy
545:Populism
300:Buddhist
245:Monitory
166:Economic
131:Cellular
126:Athenian
22706:Benelux
22611:Thought
22561:Atheism
22502:Finnish
22478:Culture
22473:Judaism
22435:Eastern
22431:Western
22426:Culture
22360:Paradox
22226:Decline
22187:Science
22063:History
22051:Studies
22034:Cuisine
22022:Periods
21982:Culture
21811:History
21777:Eastern
21772:Western
21723:culture
21652:Statism
21565:Elitism
21523:Related
21324:(51 BC)
21254:Strauss
21229:Scruton
21224:Schmitt
21214:Russell
21134:Michels
21129:Maurras
21124:Marcuse
21084:Kautsky
21054:Gramsci
21049:Gentile
21019:Dworkin
21009:Du Bois
21004:Dmowski
20999:Chomsky
20994:Burnham
20979:Benoist
20949:Agamben
20916:Thoreau
20906:Stirner
20896:Spencer
20841:Mazzini
20831:Maistre
20826:Madison
20821:Le Play
20752:Fourier
20717:Carlyle
20697:Bentham
20687:Bastiat
20682:Bakunin
20659:Spinoza
20649:MĂŒntzer
20619:Leibniz
20592:Grotius
20572:Bossuet
20539:Plethon
20484:Aquinas
20453:Sun Tzu
20421:Mencius
20411:Han Fei
20182:Marxism
20142:Fascism
19975:Society
19900:Liberty
19885:Justice
19865:Freedom
19738:Madison
19710:Stewart
19650:Burnett
19645:Boswell
19630:Beattie
19602:MoratĂn
19587:Cadalso
19538:Novikov
19473:Romania
19448:Wybicki
19443:Staszic
19390:Spinoza
19360:Huygens
19355:Grotius
19309:Galvani
19304:Galiani
19254:Ireland
19235:Feraios
19207:Wieland
19172:Lessing
19167:Leibniz
19140:Germany
19121:Prévost
19106:Abauzit
19070:Quesnay
19060:Morelly
19050:Meslier
19035:Leclerc
18995:Diderot
18884:Johnson
18859:Collins
18854:Bentham
18839:Addison
18832:England
18780:Science
18617:Atheism
18542:Commons
18471:Commons
17525:Premier
17268:Related
17224:Embassy
17177:Reforms
17151:History
17089:Issues:
17074:Groups:
16989:Hearing
16948:Council
16913:Cabinet
16908:Bodies:
16893:Monarch
16868:Charter
16722:Fascism
16544:Statism
16444:Anarchy
16417:Systems
16383:Levels:
16258:at the
16185:(2018)
15905:9290699
15845:4549072
15817:Bibcode
15809:Science
15551:7936330
15528:Bibcode
15107:1426841
14716:Bibcode
14707:Science
13866:1951731
13822:(106).
13598:1816288
12806:2009820
12443:, 1967.
12171:17 June
11774:3 April
11749:3 April
11697:3 April
11603:3 April
11280:Bibcode
11190:21 June
10770:19 July
10166:23 June
9524:, p. 61
9473:3818115
9391:3198200
9257:7 April
9235:7 April
8427:1 March
8399:3296866
8313:Laterza
8259:4 March
7936:2378551
7479:8754486
7097:Bolivia
6887:filters
6776:cynical
6677:fascism
6669:fascist
6221:Islamic
6196:Radical
6186:Popular
6132:Liberal
6013:Indices
6003:History
5707:toward
5622:and of
5213:Vatican
4792:soviets
4773:Within
4763:Marxist
4726:and/or
4668:liberal
4656:Liberal
4627:from a
4591:monarch
4536:Hungary
4532:Austria
4528:Germany
4476:Belgium
4322:Vermont
4216:cantons
4075:de jure
3569:Radical
3394:tyranny
3283:in 2008
3243:Tunisia
3219:Georgia
3066:of the
3049:soviets
3014:Balkans
3010:Baltics
2990:Fascism
2974:Ottoman
2912:Turkish
2790:serfdom
2747:slavery
2735:Vermont
2686:African
2626:Quakers
2572:liberal
2373:England
2341:than a
2269:in the
2267:LĂžgting
2263:Iceland
2259:Althing
2054:during
2031:Origins
1979:History
1969:monarch
1648:liberty
1642:of the
1570:or the
1543::
1432:Related
1127:Secular
1092:Fascism
929:Anarchy
919:Tyranny
779:Liberal
310:Islamic
285:Radical
275:Popular
221:Liberal
102:Indices
92:History
22726:CANZUK
22616:Speech
22544:Slavic
22522:Gothic
22497:Celtic
22492:Baltic
22391:Values
22192:Values
21752:Greece
21514:(1992)
21504:(1971)
21494:(1951)
21484:(1945)
21474:(1944)
21464:(1929)
21454:(1859)
21444:(1848)
21424:(1820)
21414:(1791)
21404:(1790)
21394:(1762)
21384:(1748)
21374:(1689)
21364:(1651)
21354:(1532)
21344:(1313)
21274:Walzer
21264:Taylor
21219:Sartre
21184:Popper
21179:Pareto
21174:Ortega
21159:Nozick
21149:Mouffe
21099:Laclau
21059:Guénon
21044:Gandhi
20984:Berlin
20974:Bauman
20969:Badiou
20959:Arendt
20926:Tucker
20816:Le Bon
20777:Herder
20767:Haller
20762:Godwin
20747:Fichte
20742:Engels
20737:Cortés
20707:Bonald
20664:SuĂĄrez
20639:Milton
20629:Luther
20602:Hobbes
20587:Filmer
20577:Calvin
20562:Boétie
20555:period
20534:Ockham
20401:Cicero
20202:Nazism
19990:Utopia
19965:Rights
19955:Regime
19925:People
19910:Nation
19690:Newton
19680:Hutton
19660:Cullen
19557:Serbia
19505:Russia
19495:Èincai
19405:Poland
19345:Bekker
19319:Pagano
19281:Toland
19245:Korais
19240:Kairis
19222:Greece
19152:Herder
19147:Goethe
19111:Bonnet
19099:Geneva
19085:Turgot
19075:Raynal
19065:Pascal
19005:Gouges
18943:France
18929:Tindal
18924:Sidney
18899:Newton
18894:Milton
18869:Godwin
18864:Gibbon
18761:Reason
18603:Topics
18001:
17735:Social
17633:Europe
17554:Titles
17239:World:
17229:Treaty
17064:Voting
17019:Zoning
16878:Roles:
16424:Lists:
16358:Empire
16353:Nation
16234:about
16214:
16172:
16140:
16099:
16080:
16022:
15989:
15979:
15958:
15912:
15902:
15843:
15835:
15770:
15602:
15558:
15548:
15484:
15425:
15187:
15154:
15105:
15097:
15013:
14983:
14975:
14866:
14840:
14784:
14742:
14734:
14689:
14625:
14590:
14557:
14532:
14494:5 June
14485:
14454:
14408:
14360:
14310:
14272:
14228:
14161:
14153:
14101:3 July
14063:20 May
14054:
14029:20 May
14020:
13953:
13916:
13872:
13864:
13793:
13783:
13750:
13719:
13709:
13678:
13668:
13645:
13596:
13517:
13478:
13409:
13367:
13283:
13127:
13104:Russia
13085:
12990:2 July
12812:
12804:
12693:
12666:
12639:
12392:
12353:
12328:
12303:
12247:
12162:
12071:
12025:
11983:
11959:
11935:
11912:
11841:
11688:
11654:
11596:
11588:
11580:
11513:
11488:
11480:
11404:
11383:
11363:
11339:
11315:
11242:
11168:
11160:
11114:
11104:
11024:
11014:
10905:
10897:
10808:
10748:16 May
10744:. 2016
10712:
10480:
10383:16 May
10357:16 May
10083:
10010:
9915:. ACLU
9888:
9826:
9777:
9733:
9685:
9584:
9577:Athena
9520:
9496:
9471:
9463:
9421:
9389:
9381:
9159:
9136:
9128:
9087:
9019:
9011:
8906:
8829:
8819:
8782:
8755:
8730:19 May
8704:
8696:
8647:
8620:
8593:
8532:
8476:
8452:
8397:
8389:
8281:
8252:
8227:194977
8225:
8215:
8158:
8121:
8051:
8018:(1959)
7993:
7968:
7942:
7934:
7916:Ethics
7897:
7801:
7771:
7682:
7654:
7606:
7598:
7486:
7476:
7468:
7430:
7406:
7349:5 July
7323:
7282:
7257:
7187:
7107:, and
6928:, and
6687:, and
6644:; and
6549:Europe
6539:Africa
6533:Region
6506:Voting
6416:Motion
6253:Social
6231:Mormon
6226:Jewish
6141:Liquid
6102:Guided
6092:Ethnic
6072:Direct
6008:Theory
5834:, and
5768:, the
5586:regime
5542:, the
5535:Since
5450:Bamako
5205:Brunei
5195:, the
5181:Green:
5166:Guided
4973:Israel
4938:Ethnic
4786:, and
4693:, and
4621:No. 10
4546:, and
4544:Greece
4524:Russia
4516:France
4492:Bhutan
4470:, the
4244:Rojava
4240:FEJUVE
4234:, the
4226:, the
4224:Glarus
4136:Direct
4063:
4055:
4053:
4045:
4043:
4035:
4033:
4025:
4023:
4015:
4013:
3997:
3995:
3986:
3984:
3976:
3974:
3961:
3946:
3944:
3936:
3934:
3926:
3924:
3842:
3838:
3832:
3826:
3818:
3812:
3806:
3800:
3792:
3786:
3780:
3774:
3731:causal
3725:, and
3696:
3692:
3686:
3680:
3674:
3661:
3655:
3642:
3636:
3625:
3619:
3459:voting
3438:, and
3368:Theory
3221:, the
3213:, the
3205:, the
3028:, and
3018:Brazil
3012:, the
2900:Senate
2872:France
2646:Athens
2642:Athena
2624:, and
2595:Hetman
2466:today.
2454:, the
2411:sejmik
2398:Poland
2323:Frisia
2285:, the
2273:. The
2251:things
2239:clergy
2231:Europe
2214:Africa
2160:Senate
2134:Sparta
2115:direct
2064:krĂĄtos
2052:Athens
1918:, and
1900:"fair"
1650:, and
1624:speech
1556:kratos
1530:(from
1256:Empire
1168:Global
799:Others
789:Social
769:Direct
638:Europe
628:Africa
622:Region
595:Voting
505:Motion
342:Social
320:Mormon
315:Jewish
230:Liquid
191:Guided
181:Ethnic
161:Direct
97:Theory
22881:USMCA
22736:CEFTA
22691:AUKUS
22681:ANZUS
22676:ANZUK
22621:Press
22539:Roman
22204:Sport
22148:Chant
22143:Music
22131:Media
22124:Canon
22070:Dance
22000:Latin
21995:Greek
21841:early
21663:Index
21292:Works
21279:Weber
21244:Spann
21239:Sorel
21204:Röpke
21199:Rawls
21154:Negri
21144:Mosca
21139:Mises
21104:Lenin
21074:Hoppe
21069:Hayek
21034:Fromm
21024:Evola
21014:Dugin
20911:Taine
20891:Smith
20871:Renan
20866:Paine
20787:Iqbal
20772:Hegel
20722:Comte
20712:Burke
20624:Locke
20614:James
20567:Bodin
20499:Dante
20494:Bruni
20448:Shang
20431:Plato
19985:State
19935:Power
19920:Peace
19855:Elite
19833:Terms
19748:Paine
19743:Mason
19705:Smith
19655:Burns
19640:Blair
19635:Black
19579:Spain
19485:Maior
19380:Meyer
19324:Verri
19291:Italy
19276:Swift
19271:Burke
19266:Boyle
19212:Wolff
19040:Mably
18960:Bayle
18909:Price
18889:Locke
18879:Hooke
18849:Bacon
18647:Deism
17887:Lists
17871:Other
16348:State
15852:(PDF)
15841:S2CID
15805:(PDF)
15768:S2CID
15600:S2CID
15482:S2CID
15095:S2CID
14981:S2CID
14838:S2CID
14793:(PDF)
14782:S2CID
14762:(PDF)
14740:S2CID
14687:S2CID
14623:S2CID
14588:S2CID
14530:S2CID
14379:(PDF)
14346:(PDF)
14226:S2CID
14159:S2CID
14121:(PDF)
13951:S2CID
13870:S2CID
13862:JSTOR
13791:S2CID
13717:S2CID
13643:S2CID
13594:JSTOR
13515:S2CID
13476:S2CID
13281:S2CID
13251:(PDF)
13083:S2CID
13040:(PDF)
13033:(PDF)
12958:(PDF)
12951:(PDF)
12810:S2CID
12802:JSTOR
12390:S2CID
12245:S2CID
11839:S2CID
11804:(PDF)
11594:S2CID
11586:JSTOR
11486:S2CID
11166:S2CID
11112:S2CID
10983:(PDF)
10972:(PDF)
10903:S2CID
10721:(PDF)
10710:S2CID
10690:(PDF)
10220:Time.
10111:(PDF)
10104:(PDF)
10052:(PDF)
10045:(PDF)
10002:[
9977:(PDF)
9970:(PDF)
9835:(PDF)
9824:S2CID
9804:(PDF)
9786:(PDF)
9775:S2CID
9755:(PDF)
9727:37â42
9469:JSTOR
9387:S2CID
9134:S2CID
9017:S2CID
8827:JSTOR
8702:S2CID
8395:JSTOR
7940:S2CID
7932:JSTOR
7604:S2CID
6911:viral
6634:Plato
6151:Media
6025:Types
5669:trade
5201:Qatar
5002:in a
4548:Egypt
4540:Italy
4520:China
4488:Japan
4468:Spain
4454:King
4213:Swiss
4180:Berne
4069:Note:
3099:India
3030:Japan
3026:China
3002:Spain
2998:Italy
2335:Gbara
2275:veche
2220:Gadaa
2191:India
2189:) of
2123:boule
2060:dĂȘmos
1869:firms
1853:India
1851:. In
1581:In a
1552:dÄmos
1173:Local
240:Media
114:Types
22841:OSCE
22821:NATO
22766:EFTA
22731:CBSS
22716:BSEC
22606:Life
22158:Folk
22039:Diet
21851:late
21846:high
21762:Rome
21721:and
21194:Rand
21189:Qutb
21089:Kirk
20964:Aron
20881:Sade
20861:Owen
20846:Mill
20836:Marx
20804:Kant
20782:Hume
20644:More
20544:Wang
20426:Mozi
19850:Duty
19700:Reid
19685:Mill
19670:Hume
19329:Vico
19162:Kant
19080:Sade
18904:Pope
17479:and
16332:and
16212:ISBN
16170:ISBN
16138:ISBN
16097:ISBN
16078:ISBN
16065:link
16020:ISBN
16005:link
15987:OCLC
15977:ISBN
15956:ISBN
15910:PMID
15860:2021
15833:PMID
15556:PMID
15423:ISBN
15185:ISBN
15152:ISBN
15133:2018
15103:SSRN
15046:2023
15011:ISBN
14973:ISSN
14938:2021
14864:ISBN
14801:2022
14732:PMID
14555:ISBN
14496:2013
14483:ISBN
14452:ISBN
14406:ISBN
14308:ISBN
14270:ISSN
14151:PMID
14103:2017
14065:2013
14052:ISBN
14031:2013
14018:ISBN
13914:ISBN
13781:ISBN
13748:ISBN
13707:ISBN
13676:OCLC
13666:ISBN
13567:2020
13541:2019
13407:ISSN
13365:ISBN
13202:2022
13125:ISBN
13048:2015
12992:2013
12966:2010
12910:help
12691:ISBN
12664:ISBN
12637:ISBN
12616:2010
12590:2021
12540:2022
12512:2010
12490:2022
12351:ISBN
12326:ISBN
12301:ISBN
12275:2010
12224:2012
12198:2010
12173:2022
12160:ISBN
12069:ISBN
12023:ISBN
11981:ISBN
11957:ISBN
11933:ISBN
11910:ISBN
11776:2023
11751:2023
11725:2023
11699:2023
11686:ISBN
11665:2023
11652:ISBN
11631:2022
11605:2023
11578:ISSN
11543:2020
11511:ISBN
11478:ISSN
11402:ISBN
11381:ISBN
11361:ISBN
11337:ISBN
11313:ISBN
11253:2017
11240:ISBN
11192:2018
11158:ISSN
11123:2021
11102:ISBN
11073:2020
11022:OCLC
11012:ISBN
10991:2021
10955:2021
10932:2021
10895:ISSN
10817:2018
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10750:2017
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10632:2022
10606:2010
10562:2010
10536:2020
10506:2013
10478:ISBN
10455:2010
10433:2010
10411:2006
10385:2017
10359:2017
10333:2016
10239:2009
10193:2020
10168:2013
10137:2010
10081:ISBN
10060:2020
10008:ISBN
9985:2019
9947:2010
9921:2015
9899:2015
9886:ISBN
9865:2015
9731:ISBN
9683:ISBN
9651:2020
9625:2010
9582:ISBN
9518:ISBN
9494:ISBN
9461:ISSN
9419:ISBN
9379:ISSN
9344:2014
9314:2015
9285:2016
9259:2015
9237:2015
9215:2017
9193:2017
9157:ISBN
9126:ISSN
9085:ISSN
9009:ISSN
8978:2013
8956:2015
8932:2015
8904:ISBN
8883:2013
8857:2015
8817:ISBN
8780:ISBN
8753:ISBN
8732:2022
8694:ISSN
8645:ISBN
8618:ISBN
8591:ISBN
8554:2010
8530:ISBN
8474:ISBN
8450:ISBN
8429:2018
8387:ISSN
8279:ISBN
8261:2024
8250:ISSN
8223:OCLC
8213:ISBN
8192:2019
8156:ISBN
8119:ISBN
8049:ISBN
7991:ISBN
7966:ISBN
7895:ISBN
7874:2013
7841:2014
7827:2014
7799:ISBN
7769:ISBN
7709:2023
7680:ISBN
7652:ISBN
7633:2022
7596:ISSN
7484:PMID
7466:ISSN
7428:ISBN
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7351:2018
7321:ISSN
7280:ISBN
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7217:2023
7185:ISBN
7158:2021
7049:The
6893:and
6866:and
6835:and
6772:spin
6761:The
6544:Asia
6243:Semi
6171:Oral
5760:and
5752:and
5719:and
5391:and
5236:and
5193:Oman
5185:Red:
5131:and
4918:and
4865:and
4857:and
4604:The
4490:and
4278:The
4271:and
4222:and
4003:Iran
3714:and
3710:are
3608:map
3563:OECD
3321:and
3299:and
3147:and
3145:East
3039:The
3022:Cuba
3004:and
2976:and
2656:The
2589:and
2515:and
2375:was
2359:The
2287:pope
1906:and
1904:just
1828:and
1765:and
1701:and
1646:and
1622:and
633:Asia
332:Semi
260:Oral
38:and
22831:OAS
22776:ESA
22771:EPC
22761:EEA
22666:AER
22571:Law
22549:Neo
22097:Law
22017:Art
21259:Sun
21119:Mao
19995:War
19890:Law
17025:Law
16047:doi
15900:PMC
15890:doi
15886:113
15825:doi
15813:359
15758:doi
15590:doi
15586:681
15546:PMC
15536:doi
15474:doi
15246:doi
15207:,"
15087:doi
14965:doi
14897:doi
14828:doi
14774:doi
14724:doi
14712:369
14679:doi
14652:doi
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14522:doi
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14260:doi
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14141:hdl
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13699:doi
13633:hdl
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13468:doi
13397:doi
13336:doi
13271:hdl
13263:doi
13259:127
13229:doi
13170:hdl
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