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340:(bladderwort) plants, but was not able to understand working mechanics of their traps. Darwin incorrectly concluded that animals entered the traps by forcing their heads through the slit-like orifice with their heads serving as a wedge. In a letter to Treat he informed her that this subject drove him ‘half-mad’. Treat became deeply absorbed in this problem, researching intensively. Through long hours of observing the trapping sequence under her
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By making such public affirmations of Treat’s scientific work, Darwin legitimized her role as a scientist, though this is not completely uncontested among historians. Gianquitto’s opinion is, however, not reflected by all writers discussing Treat’s scientific identity’. With the advent of the
304:. They predominantly discuss these plants in their correspondence (although not the only theme, they also discussed controlling sex in butterflies), and Treat openly critiqued Darwin’s hypotheses. One notable exchange concerned the bladderwort plant,
352:... in truth like so many stomachs, digesting and assimilating animal food’. Darwin was so impressed with Treat’s work on carnivorous plants that he referenced her, both within the main text and in footnotes, throughout his publication
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After moving to New Jersey, Treat began her scientific studies in earnest, and collaborated with her husband on entomological articles and research. Treat’s first scientific article was a note published in
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traps opened, contributing new knowledge on the range of microscopic animal prey caught in these traps and the digestive processes they were subjected to. Treat described it as ‘these little
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Gianquitto, T. (2003) Nobel
Designs of Nature and Nation: God, science and sentiment in women’s representations of American landscape unpublished doctoral thesis Columbia University USA
777:
Gianquitto, T. (2003) Nobel
Designs of Nature and Nation: God, science and sentiment in women’s representations of American landscape unpublished doctoral thesis Columbia University USA
300:, commonly known as sundew plants. Treat and Darwin’s recorded correspondence extends over five years around the period of time when Darwin was researching, and then publishing, on
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herbarium has a selection of Treat's specimens sent to Asa Gray and examples of their original correspondence. The original letters are, in the main, available to view through The
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as well. She traveled to
Florida several times between 1876 and 1878 to investigate insectivorous plants further. On one of these trips, she discovered the lily
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Gianquitto, T. (2007) Good
Observers of Nature: American Women and the Scientific Study of the Natural World Athens and London: The University of Georgia Press
267:
257:, through whom she was introduced to Charles Darwin. Treat wrote letters to engage in botanical and entomological discourse not only with Darwin and Gray, but
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when she was 39 years old. Over 28 years, she wrote 76 scientific and popular articles as well as five books. Her research quickly expanded from entomology to
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Canning, K. (2006) Gender
History in Practice: Historical Perspectives on Bodies, Class and Citizenship. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press
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Canning, K. (2006) Gender
History in Practice: Historical Perspectives on Bodies, Class and Citizenship. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press
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The first recorded correspondence between Treat and Darwin originates from 20 December 1871 in which Treat describes the fly-catching activities of
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737:"Behind the Curtain. Treat and Austin's Contributions to Darwin's Work on Insectivorous Plants and Subsequent Botanical Studies"
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Rossiter, M.W. (1982) Women
Scientists in America: Struggles and Strategies to 1940. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press
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Treat was born Mary Davis to a middle-class family in
Trumansburg, New York. At nine years old, she moved with her family to
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Norwood, V (1993). American Women and Nature: Made from this Earth. Chapel Hill and London: North
Carolina University Press
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Norwood, V (1993). American Women and Nature: Made from this Earth. Chapel Hill and London: North
Carolina University Press
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Ladies in the Laboratory? American and British Women in Science, 1800-1900: A Survey of Their Contributions to Research
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Walters, M. (2001) Darwin’s Mentor: John Stevens Henslow 1796-1861 Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press
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Walters, M. (2001) Darwin’s Mentor: John Stevens Henslow 1796-1861 Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press
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Many of Treat's works detailed her observations of insects and birds in a style accessible to a popular audience.
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she realised that the hairs around the entrance to the trap were sensitive and part of the process by which
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881:"Good observers of nature" : American women and the scientific study of the natural world, 1820-1885
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which was reprinted five times. She also collected plants and insects for other researchers, including
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and botany, detailing bird and plant life in the southern New Jersey region and specifically the
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Treat, M. (1875) ‘Plants that eat animals’ ''Gardener’s Chronicle'', March, 6th pp. 303–304
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in honor of her discovery of ant specimens in Florida and New Jersey. Austrian entomologist
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Mary Treat was fictionalized as one of the main characters in the 2018 historical novel
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Treat, M. (1882) Injurious Insects of the Farm and Field. New York: Orange Judd Company
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were extensive—six species of plants and animals were named after her, including an
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605:(1st ed.). College Station: Texas A & M University Press. pp. 42–48.
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and professor, in 1863. The couple lived in Iowa until 1868, when they moved to
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420:, in honor of Treat after she discovered it on a Virginia oak tree in Florida.
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Internet, Treat's correspondence with Darwin has been analyzed in more detail.
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831:"Mary Treat Specimens held by Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries"
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Treat, M. (1885) Home studies in Nature. New York: American Book Company
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166:, where she attended public and private girls' schools. Davis married
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856:"Unsheltered by Barbara Kingsolver: review – a tale of two Americas"
372:. In addition, the first full-length definitive biography of Treat,
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Women in the field : America's pioneering women naturalists
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Beginning in 1870, she published popular naturalist pieces in
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Darwin, C. (1875) Insectivorous Plants London: John Murray
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Darwin, C. (1875) Insectivorous Plants London: John Murray
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700:"[Letter] To Mary Treat 21 April [1876]"
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The best archive of Treat's life is available at the
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289:
275:) and discovered that another lily was not extinct.
953:Treat, M. (1873) ‘Controlling Sex in Butterflies’.
502:is used to indicate this person as the author when
278:For her contributions to the field on entomology,
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1003:Correspondence of Charles Darwin with Mary Treat
402:was named after Treat by the Swiss entomologist
378:by Deborah Boerner Ein, was published in 2022.
219:in 1874, Treat supported herself by publishing
88:naturalist and botanist, entomologist, author
853:
741:Jahrbuch für Europäische Wissenschaftskultur
633:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
960:Treat, M. (1875) ‘Plants that eat animals’
544:Past and promise: Lives of New Jersey women
370:Vineland Historical and Antiquarian Society
637:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
538:Lorrain Abbiate Carruso & Terry Kohn,
326:Darwin’s teacher and mentor at Cambridge,
29:
546:, First Cyracuse University Press, 1997.
455:Injurious Insects of the Farm and Garden
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251:Injurious Insects of the Farm and Field,
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883:. Athens: University of Georgia Press.
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330:, had a clear understanding of the
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249:In 1882, Treat published the book
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1062:People from Trumansburg, New York
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716:
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645:
585:
565:Creese, Mary R. S. (2000-01-01).
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290:Collaboration with Charles Darwin
223:articles for periodicals such as
1077:Scientists from New York (state)
1067:People from Vineland, New Jersey
653:"Mary Treat | Harper's Magazine"
113:. Treat's contributions to both
913:International Plant Names Index
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673:"Darwin Correspondence Project"
284:Cambridge Entomological Society
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16:American biologist (1830–1923)
1:
1007:Darwin Correspondence Project
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806:"Vineland Historical Society"
704:Darwin Correspondence Project
677:Darwin Correspondence Project
599:Bonta, Marcia, 1940- (1991).
387:Darwin Correspondence Project
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1037:American women entomologists
994:Works by or about Mary Treat
526:
521:Timeline of women in science
391:Cambridge University Library
7:
854:Kate Clanchy (2018-10-24).
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483:Asa Gray: His Life and Work
282:made Treat a member of the
217:separation from her husband
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1072:Scientists from New Jersey
879:Tina., Gianquitto (2007).
429:, by the American writer
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201:The American Entomologist
151:, and Dolichoderus mariae
101:– 11 April 1923 in
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1087:American science writers
1052:American women botanists
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168:Dr. Joseph Burrell Treat
1107:Writers from New Jersey
957:, 7, 3 pp. 129–132
955:The American Naturalist
375:Mary Treat: A Biography
307:Utricularia clandestina
95:Mary Adelia Davis Treat
735:Sanders, Dawn (2009).
462:Home Studies in Nature
410:named an oak fig root
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280:Samuel Hubbard Scudder
194:
1057:Burials in New Jersey
399:Aphaenogaster treatae
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148:Aphaenogaster treatae
109:and correspondent of
99:Trumansburg, New York
97:(7 September 1830 in
56:Trumansburg, New York
1042:American naturalists
962:Gardener’s Chronicle
835:kiki.huh.harvard.edu
469:Through a Microscope
354:Insectivorous Plants
328:John Stevens Henslow
271:(named after her by
268:Zephyranthes treatae
176:Vineland, New Jersey
142:Aphaenogaster mariae
132:Bellonocnema treatae
127:Zephyranthes treatae
985:Works by Mary Treat
571:. Scarecrow Press.
493:author abbreviation
417:Belonocnema treatae
412:gall wasp (cynipid)
182:Career and research
129:, an oak gall wasp
1032:American botanists
431:Barbara Kingsolver
383:Harvard University
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302:carnivorous plants
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103:Pembroke, New York
78:Pembroke, New York
1082:Women naturalists
989:Project Gutenberg
320:Utricularia aurea
232:Garden and Forest
226:Harpers and Queen
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45:September 7, 1830
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172:abolitionist
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1027:1923 deaths
1022:1830 births
918: Treat
751:8 September
426:Unsheltered
408:Gustav Mayr
346:Utricularia
337:Utricularia
263:Gustav Mayr
206:ornithology
1016:Categories
929:References
865:2018-12-25
840:2020-12-17
816:2009-01-18
709:2020-12-17
658:2016-04-21
342:microscope
332:morphology
158:Early life
135:and three
119:entomology
107:naturalist
70:1923-04-12
49:1830-09-07
42:Mary Davis
1005:from the
899:609681224
747:: 215–229
629:cite book
527:Footnotes
317:Traps of
193:with prey
123:amaryllis
621:22623848
515:See also
396:The ant
356:(1875).
350:bladders
255:Asa Gray
240:Harper's
139:species
105:) was a
996:at the
389:and at
297:Drosera
68: (
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504:citing
486:(1890)
478:(1887)
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450:(1879)
364:Legacy
242:, and
115:botany
498:Treat
437:Works
170:, an
895:OCLC
885:ISBN
753:2018
639:link
635:link
617:OCLC
607:ISBN
573:ISBN
381:The
261:and
164:Ohio
117:and
63:Died
38:Born
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393:.
334:of
212:.
137:ant
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