2766:, sounds, and touch. Since most ants live on the ground, they use the soil surface to leave pheromone trails that may be followed by other ants. In species that forage in groups, a forager that finds food marks a trail on the way back to the colony; this trail is followed by other ants, these ants then reinforce the trail when they head back with food to the colony. When the food source is exhausted, no new trails are marked by returning ants and the scent slowly dissipates. This behaviour helps ants deal with changes in their environment. For instance, when an established path to a food source is blocked by an obstacle, the foragers leave the path to explore new routes. If an ant is successful, it leaves a new trail marking the shortest route on its return. Successful trails are followed by more ants, reinforcing better routes and gradually identifying the best path.
4609:. Some ants will raid stored food, some will seek water sources, others may damage indoor structures, some may damage agricultural crops directly or by aiding sucking pests. Some will sting or bite. The adaptive nature of ant colonies make it nearly impossible to eliminate entire colonies and most pest management practices aim to control local populations and tend to be temporary solutions. Ant populations are managed by a combination of approaches that make use of chemical, biological, and physical methods. Chemical methods include the use of insecticidal bait which is gathered by ants as food and brought back to the nest where the poison is inadvertently spread to other colony members through
4729:
3425:
2671:
3574:
2356:
3532:
2469:
2084:
3908:
2724:
3478:
140:
4399:
4118:
3111:
3225:
4557:
2828:
3728:
2202:
2699:
monodomous) colonies have food and workers moving between the nests. Membership to a colony is identified by the response of worker ants which identify whether another individual belongs to their own colony or not. A signature cocktail of body surface chemicals (also known as cuticular hydrocarbons or CHCs) forms the so-called colony odor which other members can recognize. Some ant species appear to be less discriminating and in the
Argentine ant
4261:
4063:
2900:
4805:
4391:
3630:. The sugars in honeydew are a high-energy food source, which many ant species collect. In some cases, the aphids secrete the honeydew in response to ants tapping them with their antennae. The ants in turn keep predators away from the aphids and will move them from one feeding location to another. When migrating to a new area, many colonies will take the aphids with them, to ensure a continued supply of honeydew. Ants also tend
16592:
2738:
3160:
1721:
4636:
120:
2584:
3021:
3924:
3237:, among other ant species, constructs nests that maintain a relatively constant interior temperature that aids in the development of larvae. The ants maintain the nest temperature by choosing the location, nest materials, controlling ventilation and maintaining the heat from solar radiation, worker activity and metabolism, and in some moist nests, microbial activity in the nest materials.
3320:
2601:. Secretions from the male accessory glands in some species can plug the female genital opening and prevent females from re-mating. Most ant species have a system in which only the queen and breeding females have the ability to mate. Contrary to popular belief, some ant nests have multiple queens, while others may exist without queens. Workers with the ability to reproduce are called "
3256:
3949:
2372:. Although formally known as dinergates, such individuals are sometimes called "soldier" ants because their stronger mandibles make them more effective in fighting, although they still are workers and their "duties" typically do not vary greatly from the minor or median workers. In a few species, the median workers are absent, creating a sharp divide between the minors and majors.
3740:
2679:
drones. The first workers to hatch, known as nanitics, are weaker and smaller than later workers but they begin to serve the colony immediately. They enlarge the nest, forage for food, and care for the other eggs. Species that have multiple queens may have a queen leaving the nest along with some workers to found a colony at a new site, a process akin to
2639:. The nuptial flight usually takes place in the late spring or early summer when the weather is hot and humid. Heat makes flying easier and freshly fallen rain makes the ground softer for mated queens to dig nests. Males typically take flight before the females. Males then use visual cues to find a common mating ground, for example, a landmark such as a
3589:
3652:(e.g., blues, coppers, or hairstreaks) are herded by the ants, led to feeding areas in the daytime, and brought inside the ants' nest at night. The caterpillars have a gland which secretes honeydew when the ants massage them. Some caterpillars produce vibrations and sounds that are perceived by the ants. A similar adaptation can be seen in
3857:(Rubiaceae) which produce large domatia inside which the ant colonies nest. The ants plant the seeds and the domatia of young seedling are immediately occupied and the ant faeces in them contribute to rapid growth. Similar dispersal associations are found with other dolichoderines in the region as well. Another example of this type of
3280:, but a few have evolved specialised ways of obtaining nutrition. It is believed that many ant species that engage in indirect herbivory rely on specialized symbiosis with their gut microbes to upgrade the nutritional value of the food they collect and allow them to survive in nitrogen poor regions, such as rainforest canopies.
3301:
fungus. Leafcutter ants are sensitive enough to recognise the reaction of the fungus to different plant material, apparently detecting chemical signals from the fungus. If a particular type of leaf is found to be toxic to the fungus, the colony will no longer collect it. The ants feed on structures produced by the fungi called
4504:
wrote "Beauty, in the case of the green ant, is more than skin-deep. Their attractive, almost sweetmeat-like translucency possibly invited the first essays at their consumption by the human species". Mashed up in water, after the manner of lemon squash, "these ants form a pleasant acid drink which is
3884:
is widespread, and new estimates suggest that nearly 9% of all plant species may have such ant associations. Often, seed-dispersing ants perform directed dispersal, depositing the seeds in locations that increase the likelihood of seed survival to reproduction. Some plants in arid, fire-prone systems
3300:
that grows only within their colonies. They continually collect leaves which are taken to the colony, cut into tiny pieces and placed in fungal gardens. Ergates specialise in related tasks according to their sizes. The largest ants cut stalks, smaller workers chew the leaves and the smallest tend the
2703:
workers carried from a colony anywhere in the southern US and Mexico are acceptable within other colonies in the same region. Similarly workers from colonies that have established in Europe are accepted by any other colonies within Europe but not by the colonies in the
Americas. The interpretation of
2559:
the nest entrance is closed from the outside to protect the colony from predatory ant species at sunset each day. About one to eight workers seal the nest entrance from the outside and they have no chance of returning to the nest and are in effect sacrificed. Whether these seemingly suicidal workers
2141:
may be formed by one or two nodes (the second alone, or the second and third abdominal segments). Tergosternal fusion, when the tergite and sternite of a segment fuse together, can occur partly or fully on the second, third and fourth abdominal segment and is used in identification. Fourth abdominal
3144:
suggest that an individual may choose nest roles based on her previous experience. An entire generation of identical workers was divided into two groups whose outcome in food foraging was controlled. One group was continually rewarded with prey, while it was made certain that the other failed. As a
4568:
Some ant species are considered as pests, primarily those that occur in human habitations, where their presence is often problematic. For example, the presence of ants would be undesirable in sterile places such as hospitals or kitchens. Some species or genera commonly categorized as pests include
3553:
associations with a range of species, including other ant species, other insects, plants, and fungi. They also are preyed on by many animals and even certain fungi. Some arthropod species spend part of their lives within ant nests, either preying on ants, their larvae, and eggs, consuming the food
3178:
Complex nests are built by many ant species, but other species are nomadic and do not build permanent structures. Ants may form subterranean nests or build them on trees. These nests may be found in the ground, under stones or logs, inside logs, hollow stems, or even acorns. The materials used for
2563:
Ant colonies can be long-lived. The queens can live for up to 30 years, and workers live from 1 to 3 years. Males, however, are more transitory, being quite short-lived and surviving for only a few weeks. Ant queens are estimated to live 100 times as long as solitary insects of a similar
2023:
race. More careful estimates made in 2022 which take into account regional variations puts the global ant contribution at 12 megatons of dry carbon, which is about 20% of the total human contribution, but greater than that of the wild birds and mammals combined. This study also puts a conservative
2678:
Mated females then seek a suitable place to begin a colony. There, they break off their wings using their tibial spurs and begin to lay and care for eggs. The females can selectively fertilise future eggs with the sperm stored to produce diploid workers or lay unfertilized haploid eggs to produce
2643:
to which other males in the area converge. Males secrete a mating pheromone that females follow. Males will mount females in the air, but the actual mating process usually takes place on the ground. Females of some species mate with just one male but in others they may mate with as many as ten or
4306:. The wound is pressed together and ants are applied along it. The ant seizes the edges of the wound in its mandibles and locks in place. The body is then cut off and the head and mandibles remain in place to close the wound. The large heads of the dinergates (soldiers) of the leafcutting ant
3801:
with the flowers, transferring pollen in the process. One theory that has been proposed for the rarity of pollination is that the secretions of the metapleural gland inactivate and reduce the viability of pollen. Some plants, mostly angiosperms but also some ferns, have special nectar exuding
3656:
butterflies that emit vibrations by expanding their wings in order to communicate with ants, which are natural predators of these butterflies. Other caterpillars have evolved from ant-loving to ant-eating: these myrmecophagous caterpillars secrete a pheromone that makes the ants act as if the
14110:
2698:
The typical ant species has a colony occupying a single nest, housing one or more queens, where the brood is raised. There are however more than 150 species of ants in 49 genera that are known to have colonies consisting of multiple spatially separated nests. These polydomous (as opposed to
3508:
hosts. This form of parasitism is seen across many ant genera, but the parasitic ant is usually a species that is closely related to its host. A variety of methods are employed to enter the nest of the host ant. A parasitic queen may enter the host nest before the first brood has hatched,
2742:
2546:
A new ergate spends the first few days of its adult life caring for the queen and young. She then graduates to digging and other nest work, and later to defending the nest and foraging. These changes are sometimes fairly sudden, and define what are called temporal castes. Such age-based
2741:
2746:
2744:
2740:
3380:
The female worker ants do not have wings and reproductive females lose their wings after their mating flights in order to begin their colonies. Therefore, unlike their wasp ancestors, most ants travel by walking. Some species are capable of leaping. For example, Jerdon's jumping ant
467:. Typical colonies consist of various castes of sterile, wingless females, most of which are workers (ergates), as well as soldiers (dinergates) and other specialised groups. Nearly all ant colonies also have some fertile males called "drones" and one or more fertile females called "
2745:
3928:
3927:
3953:
3931:
3930:
3926:
3952:
2538:
by the developmental environment are complex and the determination of caste continues to be a subject of research. Winged male ants, called drones (termed "aner" in old literature), emerge from pupae along with the usually winged breeding females. Some species, such as
3957:
3955:
3951:
1999:, but a few are specialist feeders. There is considerable variation in ant abundance across habitats, peaking in the moist tropics to nearly six times that found in less suitable habitats. Their ecological dominance has been examined primarily using estimates of their
3889:, that are sought after by ants as food. Ants can substantially alter rate of decomposition and nutrient cycling in their nest. By myrmecochory and modification of soil conditions they substantially alter vegetation and nutrient cycling in surrounding ecosystem.
3932:
3516:
of a species is seen in some species of ants with these reproducers apparently competing to produce offspring that are as closely related to them as possible. The most extreme form involves the production of clonal offspring. An extreme of sexual conflict is seen in
3214:
spp.) workers build nests in trees by attaching leaves together, first pulling them together with bridges of workers and then inducing their larvae to produce silk as they are moved along the leaf edges. Similar forms of nest construction are seen in some species of
3956:
3145:
result, members of the successful group intensified their foraging attempts while the unsuccessful group ventured out fewer and fewer times. A month later, the successful foragers continued in their role while the others had moved to specialise in brood care.
3744:
4361:
Although most ants survive attempts by humans to eradicate them, a few are highly endangered. These tend to be island species that have evolved specialized traits and risk being displaced by introduced ant species. Examples include the critically endangered
2367:
In the colonies of a few ant species, there are physical castes—workers in distinct size-classes, called minor (micrergates), median, and major ergates (macrergates). Often, the larger ants have disproportionately larger heads, and correspondingly stronger
3743:
2743:
3747:
3746:
3742:
3398:
Other species of ants can form chains to bridge gaps over water, underground, or through spaces in vegetation. Some species also form floating rafts that help them survive floods. These rafts may also have a role in allowing ants to colonise islands.
3748:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3591:
13625:"Description of an injury in a human caused by a false tocandira (Dinoponera gigantea, Perty, 1833) with a revision on folkloric, pharmacological and clinical aspects of the giant ants of the genera Paraponera and Dinoponera (sub-family Ponerinae)"
9484:
Frank, Erik. T.; Kesner, Lucie; Liberti, Joanito; Helleu, Quentin; LeBoeuf, Adria C.; Dascalu, Andrei; Sponsler, Douglas B.; Azuma, Fumika; Economo, Evan P.; Waridel, Patrice; Engel, Philipp; Schmitt, Thomas; Keller, Laurent (29 December 2023).
462:
that range in size from a few dozen individuals often living in small natural cavities to highly organised colonies that may occupy large territories with sizeable nest that consist of millions of individuals or into the hundreds of millions in
3929:
3596:
3954:
3240:
Some ant species, such as those that use natural cavities, can be opportunistic and make use of the controlled micro-climate provided inside human dwellings and other artificial structures to house their colonies and nest structures.
4770:
is said to have heard and understood an ant warning other ants to return home to avoid being accidentally crushed by
Sulayman and his marching army., In parts of Africa, ants are considered to be the messengers of the deities. Some
4110:) causes the black-coloured gasters of workers to turn red. The parasite also alters the behaviour of the ant, causing them to carry their gasters high. The conspicuous red gasters are mistaken by birds for ripe fruits, such as
3359:
this information to find the shortest route back to their nest. Like all ants, they can also make use of visual landmarks when available as well as olfactory and tactile cues to navigate. Some species of ant are able to use the
3745:
3032:. Secretions from the metapleural gland, unique to the ants, produce a complex range of chemicals including several with antibiotic properties. Some worker ants maintain the hygiene of the colony and their activities include
3509:
establishing herself prior to development of a colony scent. Other species use pheromones to confuse the host ants or to trick them into carrying the parasitic queen into the nest. Some simply fight their way into the nest.
2946:
to eject intruders or fling themselves backward to escape a threat. Before striking, the ant opens its mandibles extremely widely and locks them in this position by an internal mechanism. Energy is stored in a thick band of
3523:, where the queens produce diploid daughters by thelytokous parthenogenesis and males produce clones by a process whereby a diploid egg loses its maternal contribution to produce haploid males who are clones of the father.
2551:
has been suggested as having evolved due to the high casualties involved in foraging and defence, making it an acceptable risk only for ants who are older and likely to die sooner from natural causes. In the
Brazilian ant
3593:
2658:
have species with both winged and wingless males, where the latter will only mate with females living in the same nest. Some species in the genus have lost winged males completely, and only produce wingless males. In
10166:
Anderson KE, Russell JA, Moreau CS, Kautz S, Sullam KE, Hu Y, Basinger U, Mott BM, Buck N, Wheeler DE (May 2012). "Highly similar microbial communities are shared among related and trophically similar ant species".
4719:
were popular educational children's toys in the United States. Some later commercial versions use transparent gel instead of soil, allowing greater visibility at the cost of stressing the ants with unnatural light.
1749:
back to around 92 million years ago, has features found in some wasps, but not found in modern ants. The oldest fossils of ants date to the mid-Cretaceous, around 100 million years ago, which belong to extinct
3495:-laced secretions that coat their exoskeletons. If an ant is separated from its original colony, it will eventually lose the colony scent. Any ant that enters a colony without a matching scent will be attacked.
2287:, used to carry food, manipulate objects, construct nests, and for defence. In some species, a small pocket (infrabuccal chamber) inside the mouth stores food, so it may be passed to other ants or their larvae.
3395:; this may be a common trait among arboreal ants with small colonies. Ants with this ability are able to control their horizontal movement so as to catch tree trunks when they fall from atop the forest canopy.
3135:. The follower obtains knowledge through its leading tutor. The leader is acutely sensitive to the progress of the follower and slows down when the follower lags and speeds up when the follower gets too close.
5800:
5730:
2769:
Ants use pheromones for more than just making trails. A crushed ant emits an alarm pheromone that sends nearby ants into an attack frenzy and attracts more ants from farther away. Several ant species even use
14189:
translates the verse as following: till, when they came upon a valley of ants, and an ant exclaimed: "O you ants! Get into your dwellings, lest
Solomon and his hosts crush you without being aware ! (27:18)"
12802:
4354:), a plant used to make a herbal tea. The plant disperses its seeds widely, making manual collection difficult. Black ants collect and store these and other seeds in their nest, where humans can gather them
2666:
workers may transport newly emerged queens to other conspecific nests where the wingless males from unrelated colonies can mate with them, a behavioural adaptation that may reduce the chances of inbreeding.
4002:
coats the pedicel of its nest with an ant-repellent chemical. It is suggested that many tropical wasps may build their nests in trees and cover them to protect themselves from ants. Other wasps, such as
4648:
Observed by humans since the dawn of history, the behaviour of ants has been documented and the subject of early writings and fables passed from one century to another. Those using scientific methods,
2543:, have wingless queens. Larvae and pupae need to be kept at fairly constant temperatures to ensure proper development, and so often are moved around among the various brood chambers within the colony.
1789:). Their representation in the fossil record is poor, in comparison to the populations of other insects, representing only about 1% of fossil evidence of insects in the era. Ants became dominant after
498:
of wild birds and mammals. Their success in so many environments has been attributed to their social organisation and their ability to modify habitats, tap resources, and defend themselves. Their long
3333:
ants travel distances of up to 200 metres (700 ft) from their nest and scent trails allow them to find their way back even in the dark. In hot and arid regions, day-foraging ants face death by
2047: in) long with a wingspan of 15 cm (6 in). Ants vary in colour; most ants are yellow to red or brown to black, but a few species are green and some tropical species have a metallic
3364:
for navigation. The compound eyes of ants have specialised cells that detect polarised light from the Sun, which is used to determine direction. These polarization detectors are sensitive in the
8744:
Greene MJ, Gordon DM (March 2007). "Structural complexity of chemical recognition cues affects the perception of group membership in the ants
Linephithema humile and Aphaenogaster cockerelli".
2407:. Usually the largest workers in the colony develop into repletes; and, if repletes are removed from the colony, other workers become repletes, demonstrating the flexibility of this particular
2802:, transferring information within the colony. This allows other ants to detect what task group (e.g., foraging or nest maintenance) other colony members belong to. In ant species with queen
7642:
Tofilski, Adam; Couvillon, Margaret J.; Evison, Sophie E. F.; Helanterä, Heikki; Robinson, Elva J. H.; Ratnieks, Francis L. W. (2008). "Preemptive
Defensive Self-Sacrifice by Ant Workers".
2739:
11384:
Henderson G, Andersen JF, Phillips JK, Jeanne RL (July 1990). "Internest aggression and identification of possible nestmate discrimination pheromones in polygynous antFormica montana".
3885:
are particularly dependent on ants for their survival and dispersal as the seeds are transported to safety below the ground. Many ant-dispersed seeds have special external structures,
2393:
in ants, workers of a number of species can lay unfertilised eggs that become fully fertile, haploid males. The role of workers may change with their age and in some species, such as
14200:
4689:
The successful techniques used by ant colonies have been studied in computer science and robotics to produce distributed and fault-tolerant systems for solving problems, for example
12779:
3925:
2335:(the "abdomen") of the ant houses important internal organs, including those of the reproductive, respiratory (tracheae), and excretory systems. Workers of many species have their
4085:
infect ants. Ants react to their infection by climbing up plants and sinking their mandibles into plant tissue. The fungus kills the ants, grows on their remains, and produces a
3950:
12558:
Lengyel S, Gove AD, Latimer AM, Majer JD, Dunn RR (2010). "Convergent evolution of seed dispersal by ants, and phylogeny and biogeography in flowering plants: A global survey".
2448:
is a fundamental characteristic of an organism. Ants have been found to have tiny genomes, with the evolution of genome size suggested to occur through loss and accumulation of
14341:
10082:
Carpintero S, Reyes-López J, de Reynac LA (2004). "Impact of human dwellings on the distribution of the exotic
Argentine ant: a case study in the Doñana National Park, Spain".
3368:
region of the light spectrum. In some army ant species, a group of foragers who become separated from the main column may sometimes turn back on themselves and form a circular
2411:. This polymorphism in morphology and behaviour of workers initially was thought to be determined by environmental factors such as nutrition and hormones that led to different
4151:) lived much longer than unparasitized workers and had a reduced mortality rate, comparable to that of the queens of the same species, which live for as long as two decades.
3657:
caterpillar is one of their own larvae. The caterpillar is then taken into the ant nest where it feeds on the ant larvae. A number of specialized bacteria have been found as
2955:
organs resembling hairs on the inside of the mandibles. The mandibles also permit slow and fine movements for other tasks. Trap-jaws also are seen in other ponerines such as
2142:
tergosternal fusion was formerly used as character that defined the poneromorph subfamilies, Ponerinae and relatives within their clade, but this is no longer considered a
2055:), with the greatest diversity in the tropics. Taxonomic studies continue to resolve the classification and systematics of ants. Online databases of ant species, including
10370:
4921:
magazine, which describes the life and death of an ant-queen and the rise and fall of her colony, from an ants' point of view. The French neuroanatomist, psychiatrist and
3741:
2616:. If recognized as a mate, it will be carried to the queen to mate. Males may also patrol the nest and fight others by grabbing them with their mandibles, piercing their
2153:, an external covering that provides a protective casing around the body and a point of attachment for muscles, in contrast to the internal skeletons of humans and other
844:. However, since Apoidea is a superfamily, ants must be upgraded to the same rank. A more detailed basic taxonomy was proposed in 2020. Three species of the extinct mid-
3085:
workers have been found to amputate the affected legs of nestmates when the femur is injured. A femur injury carries a greater risk of infection unlike a tibia injury.
3590:
3451:, but their social behaviour is poorly developed compared to other species. Each individual hunts alone, using her large eyes instead of chemical senses to find prey.
537:
agents. Their ability to exploit resources may bring ants into conflict with humans, however, as they can damage crops and invade buildings. Some species, such as the
12111:
Peakall R, Beattie AJ, James SH (October 1987). "Pseudocopulation of an orchid by male ants: a test of two hypotheses accounting for the rarity of ant pollination".
533:
have long been an inspiration and subject of study. Many human cultures make use of ants in cuisine, medication, and rites. Some species are valued in their role as
13836:
Cruz-Labana, J. D.; Tarango-Arámbula, L. A.; Alcántara-Carbajal, J. L.; Pimentel-López, J.; Ugalde-Lezama, S.; Ramírez-Valverde, G.; Méndez-Gallegos, S. J. (2014).
8079:
Advances in ant systematics (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): homage to E. O. Wilson – 50 years of contributions. Memoirs of the
American Entomological Institute, 80
5961:
4746:
ants have often been used in fables and children's stories to represent industriousness and cooperative effort. They also are mentioned in religious texts. In the
3183:
will avoid sites with dead ants, as these may indicate the presence of pests or disease. They are quick to abandon established nests at the first sign of threats.
11852:
Pierce NE, Braby MF, Heath A, Lohman DJ, Mathew J, Rand DB, Travassos MA (2002). "The ecology and evolution of ant association in the
Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera)".
5671:
Boudinot, Brendon E; Richter, Adrian; Katzke, Julian; Chaul, Júlio C M; Keller, Roberto A; Economo, Evan P; Beutel, Rolf Georg; Yamamoto, Shûhei (29 July 2022).
9386:
López-Riquelme GO, Malo EA, Cruz-López L, Fanjul-Moles ML (2006). "Antennal olfactory sensitivity in response to task-related odours of three castes of the ant
2704:
these observations has been debated and some have been termed these large populations as supercolonies while others have termed the populations as unicolonial.
13327:
10542:
10485:
6359:
14265:
Cesard N, Deturche J, Erikson P (2003). "Les Insectes dans les pratiques médicinales et rituelles d'Amazonie indigène". In Motte-Florac E, Thomas JM (eds.).
13837:
13109:
1851:, with sterile workers, but they differ greatly in the genetics of reproduction. The similarity of their social structure to that of ants is attributed to
4938:
4850:
science-fiction trilogy is divided between the worlds of ants and humans; ants and their behaviour are described using contemporary scientific knowledge.
15503:
8839:
Roces F, Hölldobler B (1996). "Use of stridulation in foraging leaf-cutting ants: Mechanical support during cutting or short-range recruitment signal?".
5029:
3980:
Most ants are predatory and some prey on and obtain food from other social insects including other ants. Some species specialise in preying on termites (
2859:, are considered to have the most painful sting of any insect, although it is usually not fatal to humans. This sting is given the highest rating on the
2597:
A wide range of reproductive strategies have been noted in ant species. Females of many species are known to be capable of reproducing asexually through
14147:
6035:
4214:
that, as yet, is not fully understood. Here birds rest on ant nests, or pick and drop ants onto their wings and feathers; this may be a means to remove
872:. Fernández et al. (2021) suggest that the common ancestors of ants and apoids within the Formicapoidina probably existed as early as in the end of the
15548:
5042:
2515:. This is also how adults share food, stored in the "social stomach". Larvae, especially in the later stages, may also be provided solid food, such as
15458:
15278:
15221:
2437:), the lowest number known for any animal, making it an interesting subject for studies in the genetics and developmental biology of social insects.
4928:
believed that ant societies were models for human society. He published a five volume work from 1921 to 1923 that examined ant biology and society.
15513:
869:
14090:
Dicke E, Byde A, Cliff D, Layzell P (2004). Ispeert AJ, Murata M, Wakamiya N (eds.). "An ant-inspired technique for storage area network design".
13970:
Lubbock J (1881). "Observations on ants, bees, and wasps. IX. Color of flowers as an attraction to bees: Experiments and considerations thereon".
4252:) have been found to feed on ants. About 12%, 16%, and 4% of their faecal volume in spring, summer and autumn, respectively, is composed of ants.
1766:, with modern ant subfamilies appearing towards the end of the Cretaceous around 80–70 million years ago. Ants diversified extensively during the
17020:
15408:
6570:
856:
7834:
4854:
wrote about intelligent ants destroying human settlements in Brazil and threatening human civilization in his 1905 science-fiction short story,
2177:; instead, they have a long, thin, perforated tube along the top of the body (called the "dorsal aorta") that functions like a heart, and pumps
15576:
15538:
15453:
15298:
13469:
13159:
Poinar G, Yanoviak SP (2008). "Myrmeconema neotropicum n. g., n. sp., a new tetradonematid nematode parasitising South American populations of
10420:
8488:
6147:
3787:
trees. Although some ants obtain nectar from flowers, pollination by ants is somewhat rare, one example being of the pollination of the orchid
17059:
15798:
15558:
15523:
15413:
12064:"The devil to pay: a cost of mutualism with Myrmelachista schumanni ants in 'devil's gardens' is increased herbivory on Duroia hirsuta trees"
7547:
11225:
Clay RE, Andersen AN (1996). "Ant fauna of a mangrove community in the Australian seasonal tropics, with particular reference to zonation".
4701:
has led to studies of ant locomotion, search engines that make use of "foraging trails", fault-tolerant storage, and networking algorithms.
4210:. Birds that follow ants eat many prey insects and thus decrease the foraging success of ants. Birds indulge in a peculiar behaviour called
1704:‡ The previous dorylomorph subfamilies – Ecitoninae, Aenictinae, Aenictogitoninae, Cerapachyinae, Leptanilloidinae – were synonymized under
16036:
14211:
14124:
14108:, Guri A, "Habitat media for ants and other invertebrates", issued 8 September 1998, assigned to Plant Cell Technology Inc
11330:"First evidence for slave rebellion: enslaved ant workers systematically kill the brood of their social parasite protomognathus americanus"
1778:, are suggested to have diversified from early primitive ants that were likely to have been predators underneath the surface of the soil.
15581:
8489:"Supercolonies of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): ecological patterns, behavioural processes and their implications for social evolution"
2397:, young workers are fed until their gasters are distended, and act as living food storage vessels. These food storage workers are called
2260:
away. Based on experiments conducted to test their ability differentiate between selected wavelengths of light, some ant species such as
14092:
Proceedings of Biologically Inspired Approaches to Advanced Information Technology: First International Workshop, BioADIT 2004 LNCS 3141
4826:. Some modern authors have used the example of the ants to comment on the relationship between society and the individual. Examples are
3005:
has enlarged mandibular glands that extend into their gaster. If combat takes a turn for the worse, a worker may perform a final act of
2774:
pheromones" to confuse enemy ants and make them fight among themselves. Pheromones are produced by a wide range of structures including
13725:
4244:
for living on a diet of ants. These adaptations include long, sticky tongues to capture ants and strong claws to break into ant nests.
4089:. It appears that the fungus alters the behaviour of the ant to help disperse its spores in a microhabitat that best suits the fungus.
8665:
5065:
Moreau CS, Bell CD, Vila R, Archibald SB, Pierce NE (April 2006). "Phylogeny of the ants: diversification in the age of angiosperms".
4114:, and eaten. The droppings of the bird are collected by other ants and fed to their young, leading to further spread of the nematode.
3311:
bacteria on the exterior surface of the ants produce antibiotics that kill bacteria introduced into the nest that may harm the fungi.
1995:
and exploit many different food resources as direct or indirect herbivores, predators and scavengers. Most ant species are omnivorous
5677:
4420:
and can sell for as much as US$ 50 per kg going up to US$ 200 per kg (as of 2006) because they are seasonal and hard to find. In the
2503:
stage before emerging as an adult. The larva is largely immobile and is fed and cared for by workers. Food is given to the larvae by
3200:
of Africa do not build permanent nests, but instead, alternate between nomadism and stages where the workers form a temporary nest (
3092:, an arboreal species that lives in plant hollows, respond to flooding by drinking water inside the nest, and excreting it outside.
17159:
16994:
13461:
8911:
Clarke PS (1986). "The natural history of sensitivity to jack jumper ants (Hymenoptera formicidae Myrmecia pilosula) in Tasmania".
4652:, study ants in the laboratory and in their natural conditions. Their complex and variable social structures have made ants ideal
2567:
Ants are active all year long in the tropics; however, in cooler regions, they survive the winter in a state of dormancy known as
17033:
12162:
Beattie AJ, Turnbull C, R B K, E G W (1984). "Ant Inhibition of Pollen Function: A Possible Reason Why Ant Pollination is Rare".
10329:
9214:
7055:
6812:
5477:
2051:. More than 13,800 species are currently known (with upper estimates of the potential existence of about 22,000; see the article
12837:
Hughes L, Westoby M (1992). "Capitula on stick insect eggs and elaiosomes on seeds: convergent adaptations for burial by ants".
10025:"Thermoregulation strategies in ants in comparison to other social insects, with a focus on red wood ants ( Formica rufa group)"
9652:
Peeters C, Hölldobler B, Moffett M, Musthak Ali TM (1994). ""Wall-papering" and elaborate nest architecture in the ponerine ant
5673:"Evidence for the evolution of eusociality in stem ants and a systematic revision of † Gerontoformica (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)"
4993:, ant-based species often benefit from increased production rates due to their single-minded focus, such as the Klackons in the
1823:
live in colonies and are sometimes called "white ants", but termites are only distantly related to ants. They are the sub-order
16227:
14441:
7116:
2627:, producing a new generation each year. During the species-specific breeding period, winged females and winged males, known to
2063:, help to keep track of the known and newly described species. The relative ease with which ants may be sampled and studied in
6385:
Schultheiss, Patrick; Nooten, Sabine S.; Wang, Runxi; Wong, Mark K. L.; Brassard, François; Guénard, Benoit (4 October 2022).
2813:, using the gaster segments and their mandibles. Sounds may be used to communicate with colony members or with other species.
16483:
14759:
14670:
14647:
14626:
14599:
14574:
14370:
14006:
13591:
13571:
13542:
12814:
10950:
8728:
7798:
7530:
7505:
6511:
6478:
6284:
5417:
5238:
3838:
studies suggest that plants also obtain nitrogen from the ants. In return, the ants obtain food from protein- and lipid-rich
2390:
17038:
4686:, specially constructed glass framed enclosures. Individuals may be tracked for study by marking them with dots of colours.
4170:
forage in a wide roving column, attacking any animals in that path that are unable to escape. In Central and South America,
2380:
size distribution. Some other species show continuous variation in the size of workers. The smallest and largest workers in
14721:
14168:
11059:
7939:"Reproductive cooperation between queens and their mated workers: the complex life history of an ant with a valuable nest"
4779:, considers ants as the first animals. Ant bites are often said to have curative properties. The sting of some species of
2228:
made from numerous tiny lenses attached together. Ant eyes are good for acute movement detection, but do not offer a high
14500:
13422:
Swenson JE, Jansson A, Riig R, Sandegren R (1999). "Bears and ants: myrmecophagy by brown bears in central Scandinavia".
8946:
Brown SG, Heddle RJ, Wiese MD, Blackman KE (August 2005). "Efficacy of ant venom immunotherapy and whole body extracts".
8841:
3347:
navigate by keeping track of direction as well as distance travelled. Distances travelled are measured using an internal
3088:
Nests may be protected from physical threats such as flooding and overheating by elaborate nest architecture. Workers of
11889:"Surveying the microbiome of ants: comparing 454 pyrosequencing with traditional methods to uncover bacterial diversity"
7098:
6000:
3069:
injured ants are treated by nestmastes with secretions from their metapleural glands which protect them from infection.
11950:"The genome of Rhizobiales bacteria in predatory ants reveals urease gene functions but no genes for nitrogen fixation"
11017:
Baroni-Urbani C, Boyan GS, Blarer A, Billen J, Musthak Ali TM (1994). "A novel mechanism for jumping in the Indian ant
8269:
8023:
Yamauchi K, Kawase N (1992). "Pheromonal manipulation of workers by a fighting male to kill his rival males in the ant
4630:
14228:
Balee WL (2000). "Antiquity of traditional ethnobiological knowledge in Amazonia: The Tupi-Guarani family and time".
13312:
12214:
9231:
Jones TH, Clark DA, Edwards AA, Davidson DW, Spande TF, Snelling RR (August 2004). "The chemistry of exploding ants,
4410:
Ants and their larvae are eaten in different parts of the world. The eggs of two species of ants are used in Mexican
2841:
Ants attack and defend themselves by biting and, in many species, by stinging often injecting or spraying chemicals.
2605:" and colonies that lack queens are then called gamergate colonies; colonies with queens are said to be queen-right.
2052:
1996:
1767:
13012:
12232:"Convergent evolution of fern nectaries facilitated independent recruitment of ant-bodyguards from flowering plants"
11683:
9343:
Julian GE, Cahan S (August 1999). "Undertaking specialization in the desert leaf-cutter ant Acromyrmex versicolor".
4871:
in 1954. In more recent times, animated cartoons and 3-D animated films featuring ants have been produced including
3498:
Parasitic ant species enter the colonies of host ants and establish themselves as social parasites; species such as
1805:, ants had come to represent 20–40% of all insects found in major fossil deposits. Of the species that lived in the
17121:
16973:
14732:
14281:
10581:
10516:
6363:
2620:
and then marking them with a pheromone. The marked male is interpreted as an invader by worker ants and is killed.
17064:
13137:
11606:
Reiskind J (1977). "Ant-mimicry in Panamanian clubionid and salticid spiders (Araneae: Clubionidae, Salticidae)".
7451:"The tight genome size of ants: diversity and evolution under ancestral state reconstruction and base composition"
16986:
16793:
10669:
4661:
3807:
3337:, so the ability to find the shortest route back to the nest reduces that risk. Diurnal desert ants of the genus
2806:, when the dominant queen stops producing a specific pheromone, workers begin to raise new queens in the colony.
14395:"A Green Hell Makes Better Germans: Carl Stephenson's "Leiningen" and the Almost Aryan Countertextual Army Ants"
13048:
Andersen SB, Gerritsma S, Yusah KM, Mayntz D, Hywel-Jones NL, Billen J, Boomsma JJ, Hughes DP (September 2009).
12499:"Studies of a South East Asian ant-plant association: protection of Macaranga trees by Crematogaster borneensis"
9075:
Lopez LC, Morgan ED, Brand JM (1993). "Hexadecanol and hexadecyl formate in the venom gland of formicine ants".
6115:
13255:
Caldwell JP (1996). "The evolution of myrmecophagy and its correlates in poison frogs (Family Dendrobatidae)".
12739:"The effect of wood ants (Formica polyctena Foerst) on the transformation of phosphorus in a spruce plantation"
12638:
Hanzawa FM, Beattie AJ, Culver DC (1988). "Directed dispersal: demographic analysis of an ant-seed mutualism".
11763:
4677:
3098:, which nests in the cavities of wood in mangrove habitats, deals with submergence under water by switching to
494:
and a few remote or inhospitable islands. Ants thrive in moist tropical ecosystems and may exceed the combined
12593:
Giladi I (2006). "Choosing benefits or partners: a review of the evidence for the evolution of myrmecochory".
11831:"Is the larval and imaginal signalling of Lycaenidae and other Lepidoptera related to communication with ants"
6089:
4728:
3387:) is able to jump by synchronising the action of its mid and hind pairs of legs. There are several species of
2938:
recorded peak speeds of between 126 and 230 km/h (78 and 143 mph), with the jaws closing within 130
2027:
Ants range in size from 0.75 to 52 millimetres (0.030–2.0 in), the largest species being the fossil
17046:
14337:
14155:
11289:"Ant and termite mound coinhabitants in the wetlands of Santo Antonio da Patrulha, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil"
11227:
6068:
4948:
4801:
into an ant when the latter claimed to have invented the plough, when in fact it was Athena's own invention.
479:
because the ants appear to operate as a unified entity, collectively working together to support the colony.
9550:
Frank, Erik.T.; Buffat, Dany; Liberti, Joanito; Aibekova, Lazzat; Economo, Evan P.; Keller, Laurent (2024).
9294:
1809:
epoch, around one in 10 genera survive to the present. Genera surviving today comprise 56% of the genera in
549:
in other parts of the world, establishing themselves in areas where they have been introduced accidentally.
13387:
Wrege PH, Wikelski M, Mandel JT, Rassweiler T, Couzin ID (2005). "Antbirds parasitize foraging army ants".
8392:
5006:
2571:. The forms of inactivity are varied and some temperate species have larvae going into the inactive state (
2256:, have excellent vision and are capable of discriminating the distance and size of objects moving nearly a
738:
13793:
Chapman RE, Bourke AF (2001). "The influence of sociality on the conservation biology of social insects".
12498:
7814:
Kipyatkov VE (2001). "Seasonal life cycles and the forms of dormancy in ants (Hymenoptera, Formicoidea)".
5121:"†Camelosphecia gen. nov., lost ant-wasp intermediates from the mid-Cretaceous (Hymenoptera, Formicoidea)"
4505:
held in high favor by the natives of North Queensland, and is even appreciated by many European palates".
3351:
that keeps count of the steps taken and also by evaluating the movement of objects in their visual field (
17164:
16903:
16890:
16559:
13424:
6946:
6542:
4759:
4613:. Management is based on the species and techniques may vary according to the location and circumstance.
3462:, are incapable of feeding themselves and need captured workers to survive. Captured workers of enslaved
2534:
of workers, is influenced in some species by the nutrition the larvae obtain. Genetic influences and the
2209:
12296:
9953:
Robson SK, Kohout RJ (2005). "Evolution of nest-weaving behaviour in arboreal nesting ants of the genus
3009:
by rupturing the membrane of its gaster, causing the content of its mandibular glands to burst from the
2419:
sp. These polymorphisms are caused by relatively small genetic changes; differences in a single gene of
16711:
16539:
16220:
11549:
4551:
4320:
3710:
139:
17113:
16908:
16447:
14699:
14105:
13077:
6610:
6578:
5796:"A formicine in New Jersey cretaceous amber (Hymenoptera: formicidae) and early evolution of the ants"
3904:. They have an edible elaiosome-like structure and are taken into the ant nest where the young hatch.
2283:; they also are used to transmit and receive signals through touch. The head has two strong jaws, the
17126:
17074:
16476:
14752:
14688:
14394:
13923:
13575:
12350:"Do ants feed plants? A N labelling study of nitrogen fluxes from ants to plants in the mutualism of
7873:
4971:
4897:
4863:
4772:
3781:). This modification of the forest provides the ants with more nesting sites inside the stems of the
3361:
2508:
1968:
13208:"Parasite Presence Induces Gene Expression Changes in an Ant Host Related to Immunity and Longevity"
12615:
10467:
10119:"Nest-site limitation and nesting resources of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in urban green spaces"
6155:
4295:. On the other hand, ants may become nuisances when they invade buildings or cause economic losses.
230:
16506:
14591:
14326:
12809:. Ecology, Biodiversity and Conservation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 207–220.
5558:"The rise of army ants and their relatives: diversification of specialized predatory doryline ants"
4891:
4836:
4816:
Ant society has always fascinated humans and has been written about both humorously and seriously.
3996:, form associations with certain ant species to keep away predatory ant species. The tropical wasp
3537:
3250:
3046:
has been identified as the compound released from dead ants that triggers necrophoric behaviour in
2860:
2138:
2114:
13903:
12675:
Auld TD (1996). "Ecology of the Fabaceae in the Sydney region: fire, ants and the soil seedbank".
16769:
16564:
16283:
14181:
14051:"An improved and quantified technique for marking individual fire ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)"
10706:"Smells like home: Desert ants, Cataglyphis fortis, use olfactory landmarks to pinpoint the nest"
8519:
8286:
7448:
6548:
5724:
Jouault, Corentin; Condamine, Fabien L.; Legendre, Frédéric; Perrichot, Vincent (11 March 2024).
5672:
4690:
4009:, defend against ants by blasting them off the nest with bursts of wing buzzing. Stingless bees (
3998:
3826:
3768:
2403:
2245:
2134:
2130:
534:
265:
14132:
10942:
7450:
4093:
parasites also manipulate their ant host to climb grass stems, to help the parasite find mates.
4042:, snatching prey or brood from the mandibles of adult ants. Wingless and legless females of the
3504:
are entirely parasitic and do not have workers, but instead, rely on the food gathered by their
2319:, leaving visible stubs, a distinguishing feature of queens. In a few species, wingless queens (
17100:
16830:
14230:
13924:"Insects as food: How they have augmented the food supply of mankind in early and recent times"
13558:
12610:
5354:
4275:
Ants perform many ecological roles that are beneficial to humans, including the suppression of
4211:
3519:
3470:
3127:
2492:
2457:
2433:) has only a single pair of chromosomes (with the males having just one chromosome as they are
2408:
10608:"The ant's estimation of distance travelled: experiments with desert ants, Cataglyphis fortis"
7996:
Franks NR, Hölldobler B (1987). "Sexual competition during colony reproduction in army ants".
7548:"The causes and consequences of genetic caste determination in ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)"
6276:
3775:
by killing surrounding plants with their stings and leaving a pure patch of lemon ant trees, (
3468:
species have evolved a counter-strategy, destroying just the female pupae of the slave-making
2526:
and enter the pupal stage. The pupa has the appendages free and not fused to the body as in a
17095:
17087:
17025:
16213:
14693:
13750:
Cheney RH, Scholtz E (1963). "Rooibos tea, a South African contribution to world beverages".
13352:
Inzunza ER, Martínez-Leyva JE, Valenzuela-González JE (2015). "Doves kleptoparasitize ants".
11445:
10844:
9691:
Maschwitz U, Moog J (December 2000). "Communal peeing: a new mode of flood control in ants".
7790:
7784:
6611:"Molecular systematics of basal subfamilies of ants using 28S rRNA (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)"
6574:
5024:
4640:
4602:
4574:
4452:
4363:
4133:
3992:
3483:
3454:
Some species attack and take over neighbouring ant colonies. Extreme specialists among these
3444:
3383:
3099:
3081:
2661:
2421:
2170:
2008:
538:
13718:
13534:
10269:
Russell JA, Moreau CS, Goldman-Huertas B, Fujiwara M, Lohman DJ, Pierce NE (December 2009).
8626:
6690:
Fent K, Wehner R (April 1985). "Oceili: a celestial compass in the desert ant cataglyphis".
2007:
had estimated in 2009 that at any one time the total number of ants was between one and ten
1770:
and assumed ecological dominance around 60 million years ago. Some groups, such as the
16942:
16877:
16868:
16469:
14745:
13835:
13802:
13759:
13683:
13396:
13163:(Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with the discovery of an apparent parasite-induced host morph".
12985:
12893:
12846:
12750:
12602:
12567:
12513:
12406:
12369:
12243:
12120:
12018:
11961:
11900:
11803:
11615:
11564:
11505:
11454:
11393:
11191:
11136:
11074:
10891:
10817:
10486:"Desert ants Cataglyphis fortis use self-induced optic flow to measure distances travelled"
10435:
10344:
10282:
10218:
Feldhaar H, Straka J, Krischke M, Berthold K, Stoll S, Mueller MJ, Gross R (October 2007).
10176:
10091:
9851:
9794:
9700:
9563:
9498:
9438:
9248:
9128:
8998:
8850:
8805:
8641:
8581:
8531:
8298:
8036:
7950:
7849:
7400:
7345:
7237:
6699:
6622:
6398:
6313:
6213:
5871:
5809:
5739:
5629:
5569:
5510:
5397:
5314:
5128:
5074:
4985:
4885:
4798:
4497:
4425:
4123:
3893:
3757:
3705:
3623:
3608:
3604:
3578:
3531:
3401:
3094:
3075:
2990:
2984:
2885:
2680:
2453:
2237:
2098:
1852:
487:
20:
13206:
Stoldt M, Klein L, Beros S, Butter F, Jongepier E, Feldmeyer B, Foitzik S (January 2021).
11865:
10607:
4564:
is a major pest in hospitals and office blocks; it can make nests between sheets of paper.
3121:
Many animals can learn behaviours by imitation, but ants may be the only group apart from
3017:
and other chemicals that immobilise small insect attackers. The worker subsequently dies.
8:
16809:
16519:
14727:
12640:
11945:
11830:
11794:
11548:
Fournier D, Estoup A, Orivel J, Foucaud J, Jourdan H, Le Breton J, Keller L (June 2005).
11256:"Aspects of the biology of the primitive ant genus Myrmecia F. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)"
9984:
Frouz J (2000). "The Effect of Nest Moisture on Daily Temperature Regime in the Nests of
9260:
8884:
Schmidt JO, Blum MS, Overal WL (1983). "Hemolytic activities of stinging insect venoms".
5453:"Phylogeny, classification, and species-level taxonomy of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)"
5035:
4594:
4372:
4189:
3803:
3789:
3716:
3677:
2729:
2048:
1786:
757:
515:
13806:
13763:
13687:
13478:
13400:
13297:
12897:
12850:
12754:
12606:
12571:
12517:
12450:"The assembly of ant-farmed gardens: mutualism specialization following host broadening"
12410:
12373:
12272:
12247:
12231:
12124:
12022:
11965:
11904:
11807:
11619:
11568:
11509:
11458:
11441:(Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a discussion of the origin of social parasitism in ants"
11397:
11195:
11140:
11078:
10895:
10821:
10657:
10439:
10405:
10348:
10286:
10180:
10095:
9855:
9798:
9704:
9567:
9527:
9502:
9487:"Targeted treatment of injured nestmates with antimicrobial compounds in an ant society"
9486:
9442:
9252:
9132:
9002:
8924:
8854:
8809:
8645:
8585:
8535:
8302:
8040:
7954:
7853:
7591:
7404:
7349:
7241:
7201:
Rissing SW (1984). "Replete caste production and allometry of workers in the Honey Ant,
6703:
6626:
6402:
6317:
6217:
5875:
5813:
5768:
5743:
5725:
5633:
5573:
5514:
5318:
5132:
5078:
3179:
construction include soil and plant matter, and ants carefully select their nest sites;
2019:
of all the ants in the world was approximately equal to the total biomass of the entire
17154:
16441:
16433:
14659:
14543:
14422:
14359:
14309:
14297:
14247:
14072:
13983:
13948:
13818:
13775:
13369:
13270:
13257:
13232:
13207:
13188:
13129:
13090:
13004:
12909:
12862:
12719:
12657:
12537:
12474:
12449:
12430:
12330:
12179:
12144:
12088:
12063:
12044:
11982:
11949:
11921:
11888:
11726:
11701:
11675:
11631:
11588:
11521:
11470:
11417:
11359:
11272:
11255:
11207:
11203:
11182:
Morrison LW (1998). "A review of Bahamian ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) biogeography".
11159:
11124:
11098:
11040:
10935:
10915:
10786:
10732:
10705:
10638:
10573:
10508:
10459:
10362:
10305:
10270:
10246:
10219:
10200:
10148:
10059:
10024:
10005:
9921:
9896:
9877:
9820:
9724:
9673:
9461:
9426:
9407:
9368:
9325:
9272:
9175:
9151:
9116:
9092:
9022:
8866:
8769:
8701:
8657:
8607:
8464:
8431:
8368:
8333:
8237:
8212:
8188:
8155:
8071:
8052:
8009:
7919:
7865:
7759:
7722:
7675:
7423:
7388:
7369:
7309:
7284:
7183:
7028:
7009:
6863:
6830:
6783:
6723:
6442:
6429:
6386:
6269:
6244:
6201:
5992:
5942:
5930:
5894:
5859:
5653:
5592:
5557:
5533:
5498:
5452:
5423:
5151:
5120:
5098:
4856:
4657:
4325:
4292:
4268:
4139:
4106:
4005:
3835:
3761:
3567:
3424:
2934:
2847:
2842:
2822:
2589:
2229:
2186:
1790:
522:
433:
134:
16782:
13695:
12884:
Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and Two Nasutitermes Species (Isoptera: Termitidae)".
12763:
12397:
Chomicki G, Renner SS (November 2016). "Obligate plant farming by a specialized ant".
11815:
11466:
10994:
10967:
10103:
9629:
9600:
9117:"Multifunctionality and mechanical origins: ballistic jaw propulsion in trap-jaw ants"
9053:
8101:
7260:
7225:
6063:
2670:
17082:
16929:
16735:
16348:
16298:
15641:
15473:
15156:
14666:
14643:
14622:
14595:
14570:
14482:
14426:
14414:
14366:
14301:
14251:
14022:
Kennedy CH (1951). "Myrmecological technique. IV. Collecting ants by rearing pupae".
14002:
13884:
13849:
13814:
13699:
13656:
13605:
13597:
13587:
13538:
13508:
13237:
13180:
13082:
12956:"Foraging in Social Wasps: Agelaia lacks recruitment to food (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)"
12955:
12810:
12624:
12529:
12479:
12422:
12382:
12349:
12316:
12277:
12259:
12210:
12136:
12093:
12036:
11987:
11926:
11869:
11731:
11702:"Ecological consequences of interactions between ants and honeydew-producing insects"
11580:
11409:
11351:
11346:
11329:
11310:
11164:
11090:
10999:
10946:
10907:
10864:
10829:
10778:
10737:
10686:
10630:
10565:
10451:
10310:
10251:
10220:"Nutritional upgrading for omnivorous carpenter ants by the endosymbiont Blochmannia"
10192:
10188:
10140:
10064:
10046:
9970:
9926:
9869:
9812:
9763:
9716:
9634:
9581:
9532:
9514:
9466:
9403:
9360:
9317:
9313:
9264:
9206:
9156:
9057:
9014:
8963:
8928:
8821:
8761:
8724:
8599:
8547:
8504:
8469:
8451:
8447:
8412:
8373:
8355:
8314:
8265:
8242:
8193:
8175:
7978:
7973:
7938:
7794:
7726:
7714:
7694:
7667:
7659:
7526:
7501:
7497:
7470:
7428:
7361:
7314:
7265:
7001:
6966:
6868:
6850:
6764:
6715:
6656:
6648:
6507:
6474:
6446:
6434:
6416:
6341:
6336:
6301:
6280:
6249:
6231:
5934:
5899:
5837:
5832:
5795:
5773:
5755:
5706:
5645:
5620:
5597:
5538:
5427:
5413:
5356:
5332:
5234:
5156:
5118:
5090:
4959:
4298:
In some parts of the world (mainly Africa and South America), large ants, especially
4172:
3847:
3772:
3666:
3500:
3455:
3344:
3233:
3192:
3064:
2908:
2775:
2718:
2575:), while in others, the adults alone pass the winter in a state of reduced activity.
2554:
2530:. The differentiation into queens and workers (which are both female), and different
2369:
2284:
2272:
2106:
2102:
2089:
2068:
2016:
2000:
1886:
694:
495:
452:
274:
14313:
13838:"Habitat use by the "Escamolera" ant (Liometopum apiculatum Mayr) in central Mexico"
13822:
13779:
13641:
13624:
13373:
13094:
12913:
12723:
12661:
12541:
12434:
12334:
11525:
11474:
11421:
11305:
11288:
11211:
11044:
10919:
10642:
10463:
10271:"Bacterial gut symbionts are tightly linked with the evolution of herbivory in ants"
10204:
10152:
10041:
9881:
9677:
9411:
9372:
9276:
9096:
9026:
8870:
8773:
8705:
8661:
8520:"Unicolonial ants: where do they come from, what are they and where are they going?"
8056:
7923:
7869:
7763:
7373:
7187:
7145:
6920:
6727:
6054:
5996:
5946:
5657:
5409:
5102:
4291:
cultivation in southern China is considered one of the oldest known applications of
3062:) present on the cuticle of their living nestmates to trigger similar behaviour. In
2921:
are equipped with mandibles called trap-jaws, which snap shut faster than any other
2015:) (i.e., between 10 and 10) and using this estimate he had suggested that the total
16934:
16882:
16378:
15894:
15826:
15626:
15183:
14934:
14535:
14472:
14406:
14293:
14239:
14062:
14031:
13979:
13876:
13810:
13767:
13691:
13646:
13636:
13579:
13527:
13504:
13433:
13404:
13361:
13293:
13266:
13227:
13219:
13192:
13172:
13121:
13072:
13064:
13049:
12994:
12901:
12854:
12758:
12711:
12649:
12620:
12575:
12521:
12469:
12461:
12414:
12377:
12320:
12312:
12267:
12251:
12202:
12171:
12148:
12128:
12083:
12075:
12048:
12026:
11977:
11969:
11916:
11908:
11861:
11811:
11772:
11721:
11713:
11665:
11623:
11592:
11572:
11513:
11462:
11401:
11363:
11341:
11300:
11267:
11236:
11199:
11154:
11144:
11102:
11082:
11032:
10989:
10979:
10899:
10856:
10825:
10790:
10768:
10727:
10717:
10678:
10622:
10577:
10557:
10512:
10500:
10443:
10401:
10366:
10352:
10300:
10290:
10241:
10231:
10184:
10130:
10099:
10054:
10036:
9997:
9966:
9916:
9908:
9859:
9824:
9802:
9759:
9755:
9728:
9708:
9665:
9624:
9616:
9571:
9522:
9506:
9456:
9446:
9399:
9352:
9329:
9309:
9256:
9198:
9146:
9136:
9084:
9049:
9006:
8955:
8920:
8893:
8858:
8813:
8796:
Hickling R, Brown RL (October 2000). "Analysis of acoustic communication by ants".
8753:
8693:
8649:
8611:
8589:
8539:
8500:
8459:
8443:
8404:
8363:
8345:
8306:
8232:
8224:
8183:
8167:
8120:
8044:
8005:
7968:
7958:
7911:
7857:
7751:
7742:
7740:
Keller L (1998). "Queen lifespan and colony characteristics in ants and termites".
7706:
7679:
7651:
7622:
7587:
7462:
7418:
7408:
7353:
7304:
7296:
7255:
7245:
7175:
7162:
Børgesen LW (2000). "Nutritional function of replete workers in the pharaoh's ant,
7135:
7088:
7047:
7013:
6993:
6958:
6899:
6858:
6842:
6802:
6754:
6707:
6638:
6630:
6499:
6424:
6406:
6331:
6321:
6239:
6221:
6058:
6050:
5984:
5976:
5926:
5889:
5879:
5827:
5817:
5763:
5747:
5696:
5686:
5637:
5587:
5577:
5528:
5518:
5469:
5405:
5376:
5368:
5322:
5173:
5146:
5136:
5082:
4868:
4747:
4743:
4672:, and have been particularly important in examining the predictions of theories of
4598:
4582:
4578:
4197:
4155:
3965:
3816:
3798:
3721:
3662:
3653:
3573:
3563:
3356:
3140:
3028:
In addition to defence against predators, ants need to protect their colonies from
2952:
2608:
Drones can also mate with existing queens by entering a foreign colony, such as in
2382:
1992:
1794:
1781:
During the Cretaceous period, a few species of primitive ants ranged widely on the
951:
785:
546:
418:
383:
357:
16895:
14637:
14547:
14410:
13719:"Innovative mechanisms for sharing benefits of biodiversity and related knowledge"
13313:"Foraging at army ant swarms by fifty bird species in the highlands of Costa Rica"
11517:
10009:
8518:
Helanterä, Heikki; Strassmann, Joan E.; Carrillo, Juli; Queller, David C. (2009).
7357:
7300:
5641:
5355:
Fernando Fernández; Roberto J. Guerrero; Andrés F. Sánchez Restrepo (April 2021).
5254:
2425:
can decide whether the colony will have single or multiple queens. The Australian
2355:
2244:, ants tend to have blurrier eyesight, particularly in smaller species, and a few
16756:
16579:
16544:
16529:
16524:
16413:
16338:
15855:
15356:
15259:
15165:
14867:
14851:
13880:
13522:
10984:
10903:
10804:
Banks AN, Srygley RB (2003). "Orientation by magnetic field in leaf-cutter ants,
8684:
7780:
7466:
6711:
5691:
5372:
5018:
4995:
4953:
4945:
4879:
4809:
4790:
4308:
4303:
4276:
3937:
3821:
3513:
2867:
2852:
2755:
2602:
2531:
2468:
2426:
2401:. For instance, these replete workers develop in the North American honeypot ant
2340:
2126:
1814:
1763:
1755:
1746:
792:
639:
628:
526:
464:
397:
338:
333:
257:
17051:
12579:
12206:
6634:
5186:
3907:
3033:
16981:
16968:
16653:
16419:
16318:
16051:
15803:
15676:
15591:
15553:
15443:
15433:
15428:
15364:
15303:
15234:
15193:
15173:
15133:
15104:
14899:
14737:
13867:
DeFoliart GR (1999). "Insects as food: why the western attitude is important".
12780:"The effect of ants on soil properties and processes (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)"
12255:
11129:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
10275:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
9510:
9431:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
9427:"Chemical signals associated with life inhibit necrophoresis in Argentine ants"
9121:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
8959:
8543:
8310:
8228:
7943:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
7230:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
7226:"Worker caste polymorphism has a genetic basis in Acromyrmex leaf-cutting ants"
6306:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
5864:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
5801:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
5731:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
5503:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
5473:
5303:"Phylogenomics resolves evolutionary relationships among ants, bees, and wasps"
5208:
5141:
4990:
4917:
4841:
4822:
4776:
4653:
4434:
4358:. Up to half a pound (200 g) of seeds may be collected from one ant-heap.
4204:
which pick seeds at nest entrances as they are being transported by species of
4144:
4081:
4039:
3973:
3839:
3777:
3685:
3281:
3201:
3132:
3115:
2636:
2512:
2472:
2449:
2360:
2316:
2312:
2253:
2221:
2182:
2166:
2083:
1896:
1844:
1759:
806:
778:
659:
582:
451:
have been classified. They are easily identified by their geniculate (elbowed)
391:
302:
297:
14539:
14504:
14477:
14460:
14243:
13176:
12905:
12715:
10626:
10561:
9864:
9839:
9576:
9551:
8594:
8569:
7915:
7710:
7449:
Moura, Mariana Neves; Cardoso, Danon Clemes; Cristiano, Maykon Passos (2021).
7073:
5327:
5302:
3477:
2723:
17149:
17143:
16549:
16534:
16373:
16343:
16303:
16168:
16132:
16124:
15808:
15631:
15611:
15571:
15543:
15203:
15178:
15141:
15120:
14926:
14418:
14186:
13853:
13563:
13495:
Gudger EW (1925). "Stitching wounds with the mandibles of ants and beetles".
12418:
12263:
11370:
10050:
9518:
8455:
8416:
8359:
8350:
8213:"Worker ants promote outbreeding by transporting young queens to alien nests"
8179:
7963:
7718:
7663:
7474:
6970:
6854:
6652:
6420:
6235:
5759:
5710:
5301:
Johnson BR, Borowiec ML, Chiu JC, Lee EK, Atallah J, Ward PS (October 2013).
4976:
4925:
4673:
4606:
4570:
4538:
4525:
4481:
4469:
4086:
4031:
3869:
3858:
3696:
3690:
3372:. The workers may then run around continuously until they die of exhaustion.
3260:
3059:
3038:
2973:
2856:
2654:
2628:
2412:
2394:
2296:
2143:
1771:
749:
476:
378:
368:
343:
279:
253:
69:
14717:
14712:
13529:
A Primate's Memoir: A Neuroscientist's Unconventional Life Among the Baboons
11777:
11750:
11149:
10860:
10682:
10447:
10295:
9840:"Individual experience alone can generate lasting division of labor in ants"
9451:
9141:
8408:
7285:"Alternative genetic foundations for a key social polymorphism in fire ants"
7250:
6962:
6503:
6411:
6271:
The Superorganism: The Beauty, Elegance, and Strangeness of Insect Societies
6226:
5884:
5751:
5582:
5523:
5086:
4680:. Ant colonies may be studied by rearing or temporarily maintaining them in
4398:
2612:. When the drone is initially attacked by the workers, it releases a mating
2193:
and branches along the way reaching into the extremities of the appendages.
16787:
16679:
16511:
16328:
16194:
16155:
16056:
16018:
16001:
15767:
15730:
15722:
15616:
15606:
15596:
15508:
15478:
15374:
15346:
15326:
15308:
15146:
14989:
14981:
14939:
14812:
14661:
The Superorganism: The Beauty, Elegance and Strangeness of Insect Societies
14486:
13703:
13660:
13583:
13241:
13184:
13086:
12880:
Quinet Y, Tekule N, de Biseau JC (2005). "Behavioural Interactions Between
12533:
12483:
12465:
12426:
12281:
12140:
12097:
12079:
12040:
11991:
11930:
11873:
11735:
11717:
11584:
11413:
11355:
11314:
11168:
11094:
11003:
10868:
10782:
10741:
10690:
10634:
10569:
10455:
10314:
10255:
10236:
10196:
10144:
10068:
9930:
9912:
9873:
9816:
9767:
9720:
9638:
9585:
9536:
9470:
9364:
9356:
9321:
9268:
9202:
9160:
9088:
9018:
8967:
8897:
8825:
8765:
8603:
8551:
8473:
8377:
8318:
8246:
8197:
8171:
7982:
7671:
7490:
7432:
7413:
7365:
7318:
7269:
7005:
6984:
Wilson EO (June 1953). "The origin and evolution of polymorphism in ants".
6872:
6846:
6768:
6719:
6660:
6438:
6345:
6326:
6253:
5938:
5903:
5841:
5822:
5777:
5649:
5615:
5601:
5542:
5336:
5160:
5119:
Brendon E. Boudinot; Vincent Perrichot; Júlio C. M. Chaul (December 2020).
5094:
4912:
4827:
4781:
4694:
4669:
4610:
4590:
4529:
4343:
4215:
4206:
4177:
4117:
4090:
3901:
3881:
3853:
3658:
3641:
3474:, but sparing the males (who do not take part in slave-raiding as adults).
3352:
3286:
3265:
3014:
3002:
2917:
2833:
2810:
2799:
2751:
2645:
2504:
2225:
2213:
2174:
2072:
2004:
1810:
1732:
1725:
1699:
905:
799:
530:
507:
499:
312:
247:
239:
14305:
13888:
13609:
13050:"The life of a dead ant: the expression of an adaptive extended phenotype"
12977:
12325:
11944:
Neuvonen MM, Tamarit D, Näslund K, Liebig J, Feldhaar H, Moran NA, Guy L,
11650:
10911:
10882:
Wehner R, Menzel R (April 1969). "Homing in the ant Cataglyphis bicolor".
10722:
9712:
9210:
9061:
8932:
8862:
8697:
8211:
Vidal M, Königseder F, Giehr J, Schrempf A, Lucas C, Heinze J (May 2021).
8072:"Bloody funny wasps! Speculations on the evolution of eusociality in ants"
7755:
7051:
6807:
5917:
LaPolla JS, Dlussky GM, Perrichot V (2013). "Ants and the fossil record".
5276:
4164:
feed mainly on ants, and the toxins in their skin may come from the ants.
3877:
3110:
2888:. Their stings are painful and can be dangerous to hypersensitive people.
2181:
toward the head, thus driving the circulation of the internal fluids. The
17007:
16862:
16853:
16685:
16621:
16606:
16574:
16492:
16407:
16401:
16353:
16308:
16267:
16041:
16023:
15928:
15907:
15881:
15793:
15780:
15712:
15704:
15694:
15686:
15528:
15518:
15498:
15448:
15438:
15398:
15341:
15318:
15293:
15283:
15249:
15198:
14960:
14883:
14769:
12738:
11912:
11489:
11436:
11106:
11023:
10135:
10118:
9746:, switches to anaerobic respiration in response to elevated CO2 levels".
9620:
8125:
7627:
7606:
7140:
7093:
6904:
6887:
5001:
4909:
4851:
4846:
4831:
4736:
4716:
4710:
4698:
4682:
4649:
4626:
4622:
4586:
4561:
4517:
4385:
4200:(birds stealing food from the ants' grasp) is rare and has been noted in
4185:
4160:
3990:) while a few Cerapachyinae prey on other ants. Some termites, including
3811:
3701:
3645:
3559:
3492:
3464:
3448:
3440:
3388:
3365:
3339:
3334:
3217:
3172:
3164:
3125:
where interactive teaching has been observed. A knowledgeable forager of
3055:
3013:
region of its head, spraying a poisonous, corrosive secretion containing
2979:
2939:
2893:
2649:
2617:
2568:
2535:
2516:
2445:
2311:
which allows them to hook on and climb surfaces. Only reproductive ants (
2300:
2276:
2150:
2029:
2012:
1848:
1775:
1741:
1059:
865:
850:
821:
594:
455:
and the distinctive node-like structure that forms their slender waists.
436:
411:
353:
348:
320:
289:
283:
191:
44:
13351:
13223:
11576:
11086:
9552:"Wound-dependent leg amputations to combat infections in an ant society"
9385:
6784:"Attack behaviour and distance perception in the Australian bulldog ant
6643:
5726:"The Angiosperm Terrestrial Revolution buffered ants against extinction"
5381:
3224:
2415:; however, genetic differences between worker castes have been noted in
1200:
Phylogenetic position of the Formicidae as seen in Johnson et al. (2013)
16740:
16705:
16671:
16665:
16626:
16554:
16395:
16363:
16358:
16333:
16163:
16147:
16139:
16128:
16120:
16099:
16046:
15923:
15915:
15873:
15847:
15775:
15655:
15621:
15533:
15493:
15483:
15468:
15331:
15213:
15188:
15112:
15076:
14952:
14875:
14333:
14076:
13771:
13674:
McGain F, Winkel KD (August 2002). "Ant sting mortality in Australia".
13651:
13133:
13008:
12866:
12525:
12183:
12132:
11679:
11635:
11405:
11036:
10504:
10001:
9669:
9010:
8653:
8048:
7861:
7179:
6888:"The infrabuccal pocket of a formicine ant: a social filtration device"
6759:
6742:
5701:
4817:
4786:
4556:
4521:
4461:
4457:
4331:
4284:
4264:
4245:
4241:
4193:
4148:
3982:
3961:
3916:
3649:
3600:
3542:
3416:, they go to trapped pockets of air in the submerged nests to breathe.
3303:
3292:
3207:
3197:
3154:
3043:
3006:
2995:
2904:
2889:
2827:
2771:
2624:
2548:
2456:, and occasionally by whole genome duplication. This may be related to
2373:
2336:
2241:
2178:
2154:
1972:
1856:
1751:
1100:
1013:
998:
845:
598:
511:
491:
459:
444:
363:
325:
89:
54:
14354:
12803:"Contribution of wood ants to nutrient cycling and ecosystem function"
11973:
11240:
10773:
10756:
9838:
Ravary F, Lecoutey E, Kaminski G, Châline N, Jaisson P (August 2007).
8817:
8757:
6835:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
6529:
5618:, Carpenter FM, Brown WL (September 1967). "The first mesozoic ants".
3876:
Many plant species have seeds that are adapted for dispersal by ants.
3727:
3611:
then played at 30 times speed to show the pumping action of the scale.
3491:
Ants identify kin and nestmates through their scent, which comes from
3487:(a jumping ant) engaged in battle with a rival colony's queen (on top)
3131:
can lead a naïve nest-mate to newly discovered food by the process of
2201:
1745:) that lived in the Cretaceous period. The specimen, trapped in amber
17012:
16955:
16921:
16698:
16693:
16631:
16569:
16368:
16323:
16255:
16116:
16112:
16066:
16031:
15957:
15949:
15936:
15886:
15860:
15818:
15788:
15668:
15663:
15636:
15601:
15586:
15488:
15463:
15418:
15390:
15336:
15288:
15244:
15239:
15226:
15031:
15023:
15002:
14800:
14788:
14035:
13601:
13365:
6947:"A Glossary of Terms and Phrases Used in the Study of Social Insects"
6111:
5988:
4789:
ceremonies of some Amazon Indian cultures as a test of endurance. In
4533:
4513:
4412:
4316:
4260:
4201:
4075:
3886:
3863:
3732:
3638:
if ants are present to protect mealybugs from their natural enemies.
3635:
3627:
3619:
3555:
3550:
3459:
3406:
3348:
3308:
3277:
3273:
3168:
2957:
2925:
2922:
2871:
2763:
2640:
2613:
2598:
2527:
2344:
2280:
2275:("feelers") are attached to the head; these organs detect chemicals,
2249:
2064:
1984:
1976:
1956:
1946:
1936:
1832:
1828:
1798:
1705:
1693:
1689:
1044:
771:
764:
617:
468:
440:
373:
307:
171:
151:
94:
38:
16999:
16824:
14692:
14067:
14050:
13437:
13408:
13125:
12999:
12858:
12175:
12031:
12006:
11670:
11627:
10845:"Homing in wood ants, Formica japonica: use of the skyline panorama"
10268:
9807:
9782:
8982:
8430:
Van Wilgenburg, Ellen; Torres, Candice W.; Tsutsui, Neil D. (2010).
5499:"Newly discovered sister lineage sheds light on early ant evolution"
4062:
3851:(Dolichoderinae) are known to selectively grow species of epiphytic
643:
16960:
16916:
16847:
16801:
16643:
16636:
16313:
16061:
15834:
15744:
15563:
15403:
15052:
15010:
14968:
14918:
14912:
14891:
14823:
14806:
14585:
13068:
12928:
12653:
9651:
8682:
D'Ettorre P, Heinze J (2001). "Sociobiology of slave-making ants".
7655:
6997:
6085:
5980:
5396:
Borowiec, Marek L.; Moreau, Corrie S.; Rabeling, Christian (2020).
4922:
4903:
4754:, ants are held up as a good example of hard work and cooperation.
4489:
4447:
4421:
4390:
4299:
4229:
4225:
4221:
4167:
4137:
colonies in Germany found that workers parasitized by the tapeworm
4097:
4055:
4046:
4043:
4035:
4026:
4017:
3969:
3941:
3912:
3831:
3669:
3631:
3428:
3409:
3369:
3187:
3029:
3010:
2943:
2929:
2899:
2880:
2875:
2783:
2684:
2609:
2572:
2540:
2332:
2320:
2304:
2205:
2122:
2118:
1840:
1824:
1782:
936:
892:
873:
837:
742:
201:
127:
110:
84:
79:
64:
59:
49:
16591:
14282:"The super-nettles. A dermatologist's guide to ants in the plants"
13951:. University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources. 2007
12005:
Dejean A, Solano PJ, Ayroles J, Corbara B, Orivel J (April 2005).
10357:
8517:
8393:"Supercolonies of billions in an invasive ant: What is a society?"
7695:"A review on self-destructive defense behaviors in social insects"
6743:"Miniaturisation decreases visual navigational competence in ants"
4644:
workers travelling between two formicaria through connector tubing
3634:
to harvest their honeydew. Mealybugs may become a serious pest of
2236:(simple eyes) on the top of the head that detect light levels and
16719:
16658:
16648:
15991:
15837:(paper wasps, potter wasps, pollen wasps, yellowjackets, hornets)
14859:
14503:. Software & Information Industry Association. Archived from
11550:"Clonal reproduction by males and females in the little fire ant"
11125:"Fire ants self-assemble into waterproof rafts to survive floods"
10757:"Visual and tactile learning of ground structures in desert ants"
10543:"Desert ant navigation: how miniature brains solve complex tasks"
9040:
Stafford CT (August 1996). "Hypersensitivity to fire ant venom".
5860:"The rise of the ants: a phylogenetic and ecological explanation"
5723:
5460:
4980:
4804:
4767:
4665:
4347:
4233:
4181:
4011:
3897:
3024:
Ant mound holes prevent water from entering the nest during rain.
2967:
2791:
2779:
2488:
2484:
2434:
2377:
2233:
2190:
2110:
1980:
1820:
1802:
1123:
841:
503:
448:
99:
74:
14733:
The super-nettles. A dermatologist's guide to ants-in-the-plants
14724:
on Argentine, Carpenter, Pharaoh, Odorous, and other ant species
13386:
7641:
7607:"Behavioral flexibility of temporal sub-castes in the fire ant,
6544:
Ants: Standard methods for measuring and monitoring biodiversity
3764:
flies in and eats an aphid before being chased away by the ants.
3724:), and a sticky fungus which is used to trap their insect prey.
3159:
2798:. Pheromones also are exchanged, mixed with food, and passed by
1720:
840:, and a 2013 study suggests that they are a sister group of the
587:
575:
567:
16616:
16261:
16249:
16205:
16107:
15423:
14794:
14782:
11792:
DeVries PJ (1992). "Singing caterpillars, ants and symbiosis".
11383:
7898:
Mikheyev AS (2003). "Evidence for mating plugs in the fire ant
7387:
Tsutsui ND, Suarez AV, Spagna JC, Johnston JS (February 2008).
6609:
Ouellette, Gary D.; Fisher, Brian L.; Girman, Derek J. (2006).
4933:
4794:
4635:
4417:
4288:
4237:
3783:
3681:
3676:
but the species found in ant lack the ability to fix nitrogen.
3673:
3661:
in ant guts. Some of the dominant bacteria belong to the order
3432:
3412:
swamps, can swim and live in underwater nests. Since they lack
3355:). Directions are measured using the position of the sun. They
3330:
3297:
3122:
2962:
2948:
2942:
on average. The ants were also observed to use their jaws as a
2787:
2308:
2162:
1988:
1916:
1906:
1874:
1836:
1806:
1736:
868:, which, together with Apoidea, forms the higher-ranking group
825:
652:
414:
181:
161:
119:
106:
16461:
14526:
Sharkey AJC (2006). "Robots, insects and swarm intelligence".
12197:
New, Tim R. (2017). "Classic Themes: Ants, Plants and Fungi".
11016:
10217:
10081:
2951:
and explosively released when triggered by the stimulation of
17108:
15266:
12694:
Fischer RC, Ölzant SM, Wanek W, Mayer V (2005). "The fate of
12007:"Insect behaviour: arboreal ants build traps to capture prey"
9837:
4965:
4763:
4755:
4751:
4732:
4493:
4443:
4439:
4403:
3830:) who defend the tree against insects, browsing mammals, and
3753:
3615:
3582:
3566:, where the mimic reduces the risk of predation. Others show
3439:
Not all ants have the same kind of societies. The Australian
3324:
2803:
2795:
2674:
Fertilised meat-eater ant queen beginning to dig a new colony
2632:
2583:
2523:
2496:
2257:
2020:
861:
683:
658:, and the original meaning of the word was "the biter" (from
483:
16947:
13047:
11943:
10662:: are snapshots coupled to a celestial system of reference?"
10392:
Carrol CR, Janzen DH (1973). "Ecology of foraging by ants".
8287:"Exploration versus exploitation in polydomous ant colonies"
8210:
7891:
6178:
3319:
3020:
2133:
plus the first abdominal segment, which is fused to it) and
2129:). The petiole forms a narrow waist between their mesosoma (
15999:
13421:
11547:
8987:
spp.): Functional significance of venom dispersal behavior"
8429:
8156:"Life-history evolution in ants: the case of Cardiocondyla"
7386:
7224:
Hughes WO, Sumner S, Van Borm S, Boomsma JJ (August 2003).
7223:
6387:"The abundance, biomass, and distribution of ants on Earth"
4873:
4785:
is claimed to give fever relief. Ant bites are used in the
4280:
3843:
3413:
3255:
2500:
2158:
1926:
1860:
833:
472:
425:
13622:
13110:"Behavioral interactions between ants and their parasites"
12004:
10165:
9549:
8624:
8285:
Cook, Zoe; Franks, Daniel W.; Robinson, Elva J.H. (2013).
6453:
5670:
5404:. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 1–18.
3708:, both species depend on each other for survival. The ant
2460:
processes, but further studies are needed to verify this.
2137:(abdomen less the abdominal segments in the petiole). The
16083:
14707:
13562:
12975:
12230:
Suissa, Jacob S.; Li, Fay-Wei; Moreau, Corrie S. (2024).
12161:
11887:
Kautz S, Rubin BE, Russell JA, Moreau CS (January 2013).
11494:
Brown (Hymenoptera-Formicidae) recorded from New Zealand"
11286:
9230:
8718:
6740:
6384:
6202:"Improving estimates of global ant biomass and abundance"
3824:
have hollow thorns that house colonies of stinging ants (
3714:
has evolved a three-way association with the host plant,
3558:
may bear a close resemblance to ants. The nature of this
3204:) from their own bodies, by holding each other together.
2837:
sp. attacks another of its kind to protect its territory.
2480:
2315:
and males) have wings. Queens shed their wings after the
829:
447:
period. More than 13,800 of an estimated total of 22,000
429:
14048:
12560:
Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics
12496:
12347:
11253:
9894:
9742:
Nielsen MG, Christian KA (May 2007). "The mangrove ant,
9483:
8945:
8140:
8138:
8136:
6541:
Agosti D, Majer JD, Alonso JE, Schultz TR, eds. (2000).
6540:
6360:"How many ants are there for every one person on earth?"
5966:
Dlussky (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with two new species"
2386:
show nearly a 500-fold difference in their dry weights.
2169:, pass through their exoskeleton via tiny valves called
2024:
estimate of the ants at about 20 × 10 (20 quadrillion).
13029:
Schaechter E (2000). "Some weird and wonderful fungi".
12693:
12557:
11886:
11755:(Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on survival and dispersal of
9115:
Patek SN, Baio JE, Fisher BL, Suarez AV (August 2006).
8160:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
7545:
7074:"A Fossil Ant Colony: New Evidence of Social Antiquity"
5916:
5064:
4460:
eggs and larvae, as well as the ants, may be used in a
2483:; if the egg is fertilised, the progeny will be female
2363:
workers of various castes (left) and two queens (right)
2060:
525:, communication between individuals, and an ability to
14639:
Journey to the Ants: A Story of Scientific Exploration
13629:
Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo
13444:
13205:
12801:
Frouz, Jan; Jílková, Veronika; Sorvari, Jouni (2016).
12497:
Fiala B, Maschwitz U, Pong TY, Helbig AJ (June 1989).
12301:
in attraction of ants and herbivore exclusion by ants"
12201:. Springer International Publishing. pp. 63–103.
11851:
6114:. Iowa State University Entomology. 16 February 2004.
6088:. Iowa State University Entomology. 16 February 2004.
5555:
5395:
5300:
4524:
ate the tickling, acid gasters of the large jet-black
14264:
14089:
12879:
12805:. In Robinson, Elva J. H.; Stockan, Jenni A. (eds.).
11651:"Myrmecomorphy and myrmecophily in spiders: A Review"
11334:
Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution
11057:
10941:(4th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp.
9895:
Franks NR, Hooper J, Webb C, Dornhaus A (June 2005).
9601:"The nest architecture of the Florida harvester ant,
9114:
8264:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 41.
8133:
7578:
Traniello JFA (1989). "Foraging strategies of ants".
6608:
5556:
Brady SG, Fisher BL, Schultz TR, Ward PS (May 2014).
5496:
4867:, was written in 1937 and recreated in movie form as
3526:
2693:
2056:
1991:
lack native ant species. Ants occupy a wide range of
860:
were placed outside of the Formicidae, in a separate
14269:(in French). Peeters-Selaf, Paris. pp. 395–406.
14131:. Vol. Surah 27. pp. 18–19. Archived from
12637:
11287:
Diehl E, Junqueira LK, Berti-Filho E (August 2005).
10418:
8081:. American Entomological Institute. pp. 580–609
7282:
6130:
5614:
4312:
are also used by native surgeons in closing wounds.
3688:, cultivate certain species of fungus in the genera
3435:: social ants cooperate and collectively gather food
1813:
fossils (early Oligocene), and 92% of the genera in
672:
663:
388:
330:
317:
294:
14049:Wojcik DP, Burges RJ, Blanton CM, Focks DA (2000).
12800:
12447:
12110:
11437:"A new workerless social parasite in the ant genus
8681:
8625:Goss S, Aron S, Deneubourg JL, Pasteels JM (1989).
7604:
7283:Ross KG, Krieger MJ, Shoemaker DD (December 2003).
5497:Rabeling C, Brown JM, Verhaagh M (September 2008).
5030:
International Union for the Study of Social Insects
4664:in 1881. Studies on ants have tested hypotheses in
3867:tree, which has stems adapted to house colonies of
2892:secrete a poison from their glands, made mainly of
14658:
14358:
13724:. The Center for International Environmental Law.
13526:
12061:
11058:Yanoviak SP, Dudley R, Kaspari M (February 2005).
10934:
10703:
8780:
8432:"The global expansion of a single ant supercolony"
8284:
7489:
6268:
5043:Task allocation and partitioning in social insects
3562:(myrmecomorphy) varies, with some cases involving
3054:react to the absence of characteristic chemicals (
2884:spp., are unique in having a venom sac containing
2733:workers communicating through touch and pheromones
2593:) mating, the drone is much smaller than the queen
2268:are thought to possess a degree of colour vision.
2101:from other insects in having geniculate (elbowed)
13284:Willis E, Oniki Y (1978). "Birds and Army Ants".
10968:"Army ants trapped by their evolutionary history"
10421:"The ant odometer: stepping on stilts and stumps"
10116:
9077:Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B
8883:
8102:"The organization of a nuptial flight of the ant
7936:
6831:"Colour vision in ants (Formicidae, Hymenoptera)"
6680:Borror, Triplehorn & Delong (1989), pp. 24–71
6471:Australian ants: their biology and identification
4944:Ants also are quite popular inspiration for many
4335:spp. (false tocandiras) of South America and the
3735:, but are only rarely known to pollinate flowers.
3554:stores of the ants, or avoiding predators. These
2522:The larvae grow through a series of four or five
17141:
14767:
14728:Ant Genera of the World – distribution maps
14619:A New General Catalogue of the Ants of the World
14399:The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory
14201:"Islamic Environmental Ethics, Law, and Society"
12702:: elaiosomes are preferentially fed to larvae".
12553:
12551:
12348:Fischer RC, Wanek W, Richter A, Mayer V (2003).
11532:
11327:
9780:
9741:
9110:
9108:
9106:
9074:
8798:The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
8486:
8093:
7995:
7487:
6462:
6266:
5857:
5549:
5350:
5348:
5346:
3731:Ants may obtain nectar from flowers such as the
2519:, pieces of prey, and seeds brought by workers.
882:Relationship of ants with aculeate wasp families
699:
610:
602:
14703:. Vol. II (9th ed.). pp. 94–100.
13623:Haddad Junior V, Cardoso JL, Moraes RH (2005).
13565:Ants: Their Structure, Development and Behavior
10704:Steck K, Hansson BS, Knaden M (February 2009).
8980:
8838:
8627:"Self-organized shortcuts in the Argentine ant"
8567:
7779:
7692:
7520:
7331:
7117:"Physical castes in ant workers: a problem for
6493:
6391:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
6206:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
6200:Fayle, Tom M.; Klimes, Petr (18 October 2022).
5789:
5787:
5357:"Systematics and diversity of Neotropical ants"
4432:(roughly interpreted as "large-bottomed ants")
4176:is the swarming ant most commonly attended by "
2189:that runs the length of the body, with several
2125:are the three distinct body segments (formally
1843:, and other winged insects that do not undergo
682:The family name Formicidae is derived from the
621:
14708:AntWeb from The California Academy of Sciences
14392:
13158:
12396:
12294:
12229:
11699:
10483:
10022:
9424:
8948:The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
8886:Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology
8719:Detrain C, Deneubourg JL, Pasteels JM (1999).
8563:
8561:
8253:
8022:
7989:
7040:Annals of the Entomological Society of America
6951:Annals of the Entomological Society of America
6918:
6741:Palavalli-Nettimi R, Narendra A (April 2018).
6676:
6674:
6672:
6670:
6599:Borror, Triplehorn & Delong (1989), p. 737
6176:
5959:
5793:
5114:
5112:
4983:, and ants mutated into super-intelligence in
4937:, which simulated an ant colony, won the 1992
3814:insects. Species such as the bullhorn acacia (
3419:
1859:look like large ants, but are wingless female
723:
649:). All of these words come from West Germanic
16477:
16221:
14753:
14569:(6th ed.). Saunders College Publishing.
14465:The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences
13905:Fauna of British India. Hymenoptera. Volume 2
13792:
13749:
13459:
12978:"Kleptoparasitism and phoresy in the Diptera"
12836:
12548:
12448:Chomicki G, Janda M, Renner SS (March 2017).
11748:
11254:Crosland MW, Crozier RH, Jefferson E (1988).
11247:
10655:
9897:"Tomb evaders: house-hunting hygiene in ants"
9690:
9176:"The trap-jaw mechanism in the dacetine ants
9103:
8795:
8077:. In Snelling RR, Fisher BL, Ward PS (eds.).
7577:
7546:Anderson KE, Linksvayer TA, Smith CR (2008).
7336:, an ant with only one Pair of chromosomes".
6828:
6494:Schaal, Stephan (27 January 2006). "Messel".
5853:
5851:
5343:
5009:, a common misconception about ant colonies.
5005:. These characters are often credited with a
4915:wrote a short story, "Trailhead" in 2010 for
4840:. The plot in French entomologist and writer
4346:, ants are used to help harvest the seeds of
3570:, a form of mimicry seen only in inquilines.
2389:Workers cannot mate; however, because of the
1866:
876:period, before divergence in the Cretaceous.
737:are derived. It has been hypothesised that a
715:
707:
482:Ants have colonised almost every landmass on
14565:Borror DJ, Triplehorn CA, Delong DM (1989).
14501:"1992 Excellence in Software Awards Winners"
13996:
13673:
13028:
12976:Sivinski J, Marshall S, Petersson E (1999).
12971:
12969:
12777:
11224:
10881:
10803:
10605:
10419:Wittlinger M, Wehner R, Wolf H (June 2006).
10391:
10387:
10385:
10383:
9952:
8743:
8331:
7813:
7568:Hölldobler & Wilson (1990), pp. 351, 372
7114:
7071:
6181:. Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR)
5784:
5492:
5490:
4861:A similar German story involving army ants,
4715:From the late 1950s through the late 1970s,
4616:
3806:, that provide food for ants, which in turn
2109:, and a strong constriction of their second
731:
632:
14525:
13716:
13497:Journal of the American Medical Association
13450:Hölldobler & Wilson (1990), pp. 619–629
13283:
13254:
12960:Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society
11538:Hölldobler & Wilson (1990), pp. 436–448
11181:
11122:
10754:
9342:
8558:
8144:Hölldobler & Wilson (1990), pp. 143–179
7832:
7775:
7773:
7207:Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society
7161:
6667:
6468:
6199:
5962:"Rediscovery of the bizarre Cretaceous ant
5109:
4255:
3944:) and then lost to ants (Family Formicidae)
3447:of ants. Like virtually all ants, they are
2560:are older workers has not been determined.
2307:("thorax"). The legs terminate in a hooked
820:The family Formicidae belongs to the order
687:
16484:
16470:
16228:
16214:
14760:
14746:
14439:
14433:
14021:
13921:
13908:. London: Taylor and Francis. p. 311.
13310:
13078:11370/e6374602-b2a0-496c-b78e-774b34fb152b
11791:
11648:
11605:
11490:"The Australian workerless inquiline ant,
10327:
9293:Yek, Sze Huei; Mueller, Ulrich G. (2011).
9292:
9173:
9042:Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology
8259:
8063:
6885:
6689:
6145:
5953:
5848:
5228:
5060:
5058:
4192:, but later studies found the birds to be
2252:. However, some ants, such as Australia's
1971:. They are found on all continents except
118:
14713:AntWiki – Bringing Ants to the World
14476:
14210:. Bellhaven Press, London. Archived from
14066:
14015:
13999:Mutualism: Ants and their insect partners
13943:
13941:
13866:
13650:
13640:
13494:
13231:
13107:
13076:
12998:
12966:
12762:
12614:
12473:
12381:
12324:
12271:
12087:
12062:Frederickson ME, Gordon DM (April 2007).
12030:
11981:
11920:
11828:
11776:
11725:
11669:
11487:
11345:
11304:
11271:
11158:
11148:
10993:
10983:
10772:
10731:
10721:
10380:
10356:
10304:
10294:
10245:
10235:
10134:
10058:
10040:
9920:
9863:
9806:
9628:
9598:
9575:
9526:
9460:
9450:
9150:
9140:
8981:Obin MS, Vander Meer RK (December 1985).
8593:
8463:
8367:
8349:
8236:
8187:
8124:
7998:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
7972:
7962:
7937:Peeters C, Hölldobler B (November 1995).
7626:
7455:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
7422:
7412:
7308:
7259:
7249:
7139:
7092:
7033:worker and an anomaly (Hym.: Formicidae)"
7026:
6921:"Ask a Biologist: Face to Face with Ants"
6903:
6862:
6806:
6758:
6642:
6525:
6523:
6428:
6410:
6335:
6325:
6243:
6225:
6062:
6024:Hölldobler & Wilson (1990), pp. 23–24
6018:
5893:
5883:
5831:
5821:
5767:
5700:
5690:
5678:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
5591:
5581:
5532:
5522:
5487:
5380:
5326:
5150:
5140:
4438:are toasted alive and eaten. In areas of
4271:for citrus cultivation in southern China.
4053:) live in the nests of ants of the genus
3073:ants do not have a metapleural gland and
836:. Ants evolved from a lineage within the
815:
14227:
14083:
13521:
13286:Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics
12929:"Social biology of the neotropical wasp
12592:
11060:"Directed aerial descent in canopy ants"
10394:Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics
10023:Kadochová, Štěpánka; Frouz, Jan (2013).
9781:Franks NR, Richardson T (January 2006).
9425:Choe DH, Millar JG, Rust MK (May 2009).
9039:
8721:Information processing in social insects
8334:"Recognition of Social Identity in Ants"
7897:
7770:
7739:
7605:Sorensen A, Busch TM, Vinson SB (1984).
7444:
7442:
6829:Yilmaz, Ayse; Spaethe, Johannes (2022).
6781:
6473:. Collingwood, Vic: CSIRO. p. 149.
4803:
4727:
4634:
4555:
4397:
4389:
4259:
4116:
4061:
3947:
3922:
3906:
3738:
3726:
3587:
3572:
3530:
3476:
3423:
3318:
3254:
3223:
3158:
3138:Controlled experiments with colonies of
3109:
3019:
2898:
2826:
2736:
2722:
2707:
2669:
2582:
2467:
2354:
2200:
2082:
1975:, and only a few large islands, such as
1719:
14355:"22 The Black Forest and Its Treasures"
14279:
13969:
13917:
13915:
13901:
13557:
13277:
11700:Styrsky JD, Eubanks MD (January 2007).
11434:
10932:
10842:
8568:Jackson DE, Ratnieks FL (August 2006).
8390:
8332:Bos, Nick; d’Ettorre, Patrizia (2012).
7332:Crosland MW, Crozier RH (March 1986). "
7200:
6568:
6299:
6293:
5446:
5444:
5296:
5294:
5055:
4808:An ant pictured in the coat of arms of
4456:) is served as a condiment with curry.
4416:. They are considered a form of insect
2762:Ants communicate with each other using
2635:, leave the colony in what is called a
2262:Camponotus blandus, Solenopsis invicta,
17142:
14687:
14458:
14104:
13938:
12953:
12926:
11893:Applied and Environmental Microbiology
10965:
10540:
10117:Friedrich R, Philpott SM (June 2009).
9957:Fr. Smith (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)".
9943:Hölldobler & Wilson (1990), p. 573
9288:
9286:
8910:
8786:Hölldobler & Wilson (1990), p. 354
8153:
8099:
8069:
7789:. San Diego: Academic Press. pp.
7389:"The evolution of genome size in ants"
6983:
6520:
6487:
6459:Hölldobler & Wilson (1990), p. 589
6112:"Family Mutillidae – Velvet ants"
6036:"Evolution of eusociality in termites"
6033:
5794:Grimaldi D, Agosti D (December 2000).
4127:jumping spider) sometimes feed on ants
4021:) use chemical defences against ants.
3622:insects secrete a sweet liquid called
3268:, store food to prevent colony famine.
3244:
2961:, as well as some genera in the tribe
693:("ant") from which the words in other
16829:
16828:
16465:
16209:
14741:
14461:"Auguste Forel on ants and neurology"
14365:. New York: Oxford University Press.
14352:
14208:Ethics of Environment and Development
14154:. Vol. 4 Book 54. Archived from
13949:"Pest Notes: Ants (Publication 7411)"
13572:Columbia University Biological Series
12736:
11866:10.1146/annurev.ento.47.091201.145257
11328:Achenbach A, Foitzik S (April 2009).
11123:Mlot NJ, Tovey CA, Hu DL (May 2011).
11116:
9983:
7693:Shorter, J. R.; Rueppell, O. (2012).
7439:
6940:
6938:
6615:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
4496:or north-eastern region of Thailand.
4188:. This behaviour was once considered
2391:haplodiploid sex-determination system
17114:E378AE58-D311-FFFF-FF78-FB014CA57281
17075:cc4a826f-854a-47fa-bb2c-8da6da11ab17
16987:a9d51445-1393-482b-9ef5-4837fb827590
14722:National Pest Management Association
14567:Introduction to the Study of Insects
14286:International Journal of Dermatology
14267:Les insectes dans la tradition orale
14198:
13912:
13018:from the original on 9 October 2022.
12674:
11689:from the original on 9 October 2022.
10755:Seidl T, Wehner R (September 2006).
10376:from the original on 9 October 2022.
9220:from the original on 9 October 2022.
8954:(2): 464–465, author reply 465–466.
8671:from the original on 9 October 2022.
7816:Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae
7496:. Harvard University Press. p.
7205:Wesmael (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)".
7104:from the original on 9 October 2022.
7061:from the original on 9 October 2022.
6944:
6919:Holbrook, Tate (22 September 2009).
6818:from the original on 9 October 2022.
6136:Hölldobler & Wilson (1990), p. 4
5858:Wilson EO, Hölldobler B (May 2005).
5483:from the original on 9 October 2022.
5450:
5441:
5398:"Ants: Phylogeny and Classification"
5291:
3272:Most ants are generalist predators,
3148:
2149:Like other arthropods, ants have an
2033:, the queen of which was 6 cm (
1817:fossils (apparently early Miocene).
545:) of South America, are regarded as
14145:
13462:"Wound healing: Historical aspects"
13333:from the original on 9 October 2022
13298:10.1146/annurev.es.09.110178.001331
12698:elaiosomes within an ant colony of
12196:
11021:(Jerdon) (Formicidae, Ponerinae)".
10937:The Insects: Structure and Function
10849:The Journal of Experimental Biology
10761:The Journal of Experimental Biology
10615:Journal of Comparative Physiology A
10606:Sommer S, Wehner R (January 2004).
10550:Journal of Comparative Physiology A
10493:Journal of Comparative Physiology A
10406:10.1146/annurev.es.04.110173.001311
9283:
9191:The Journal of Experimental Biology
8925:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1986.tb139498.x
8842:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
8746:The Journal of Experimental Biology
7592:10.1146/annurev.en.34.010189.001203
6747:The Journal of Experimental Biology
4931:In the early 1990s, the video game
4450:, a paste of the green weaver ant (
3042:, the disposal of dead nest-mates.
13:
14609:
14298:10.1111/j.1365-4362.1985.tb05760.x
13984:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1882.tb02275.x
13731:from the original on 23 April 2008
13271:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1996.tb05487.x
12297:"Role of extrafloral nectaries of
12199:Mutualisms and Insect Conservation
11273:10.1111/j.1440-6055.1988.tb01179.x
11204:10.1046/j.1365-2699.1998.2530561.x
10658:"Visual navigation in desert ants
9261:10.1023/B:JOEC.0000042063.01424.28
8010:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb00298.x
7783:, Resh VH, Cardé RT, eds. (2003).
6935:
5931:10.1146/annurev-ento-120710-100600
5400:. In Starr, Christopher K. (ed.).
5209:"Ant. Online Etymology Dictionary"
4820:wrote about ants in his 1880 book
4631:Ant colony optimization algorithms
4492:salad, a dish that comes from the
4143:(ants are intermediate hosts, the
3665:whose members are known for being
3527:Relationships with other organisms
2983:, which are viewed as examples of
2778:, poison glands and glands on the
2694:Nests, colonies, and supercolonies
2644:more different males, storing the
2479:The life of an ant starts from an
2232:image. They also have three small
1735:and his colleagues identified the
14:
17176:
14681:
14393:Winthrop-Young, Geoffrey (2021).
12882:Crematogaster brevispinosa rochai
12807:Wood Ant Ecology and Conservation
11816:10.1038/scientificamerican1092-76
11467:10.1046/j.1365-3113.1996.d01-12.x
9783:"Teaching in tandem-running ants"
8524:Trends in Ecology & Evolution
6275:. New York: W.W. Norton. p.
6118:from the original on 30 June 2008
6092:from the original on 15 June 2008
5361:Revista Colombiana de Entomología
5233:(5th ed.). London: Cassell.
2870:can be lethal for humans, and an
1768:Angiosperm Terrestrial Revolution
475:). The colonies are described as
16590:
16235:
14657:Hölldobler B, Wilson EO (2009).
14636:Hölldobler B, Wilson EO (1998).
14584:Hölldobler B, Wilson EO (1990).
14519:
14493:
14452:
14386:
14346:
14320:
14273:
14258:
14221:
14206:. In Engel JR, Engel JG (eds.).
14192:
14173:
14162:
14139:
14117:
14098:
14042:
13990:
13963:
13895:
13860:
13829:
13815:10.1046/j.1461-0248.2001.00253.x
13786:
13743:
13710:
13667:
13616:
13551:
13515:
13509:10.1001/jama.1925.02660500069048
13488:
13453:
13415:
13380:
13345:
13304:
13248:
13199:
13152:
13101:
13041:
13022:
12947:
12920:
12873:
12830:
12794:
12771:
12730:
12687:
12668:
12631:
12625:10.1111/j.0030-1299.2006.14258.x
12586:
12490:
12454:Proceedings. Biological Sciences
12441:
12390:
12383:10.1046/j.1365-2745.2003.00747.x
12341:
12317:10.1111/j.1479-8298.2004.00057.x
12288:
12223:
12190:
12155:
12104:
12068:Proceedings. Biological Sciences
12055:
11998:
11937:
11880:
11845:
11822:
11785:
11742:
11706:Proceedings. Biological Sciences
11693:
11642:
11599:
11541:
11481:
11428:
11377:
11347:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00591.x
11321:
11280:
11260:Australian Journal of Entomology
11218:
11175:
11051:
11010:
10959:
10926:
10875:
10836:
10830:10.1046/j.0179-1613.2003.00927.x
10797:
10748:
10697:
10649:
10599:
10534:
10477:
10412:
10321:
10262:
10211:
10189:10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05464.x
10159:
10110:
10075:
10016:
9977:
9971:10.1111/j.1440-6055.2005.00462.x
9959:Australian Journal of Entomology
9946:
9937:
9888:
9831:
9774:
9735:
9684:
9645:
9592:
9543:
9477:
9418:
9404:10.1111/j.1365-3032.2006.00526.x
9379:
9336:
9314:10.1111/j.1469-185X.2010.00170.x
9224:
9167:
9068:
9033:
8974:
8913:The Medical Journal of Australia
8723:. Birkhäuser. pp. 224–227.
8448:10.1111/j.1752-4571.2009.00114.x
7488:Hölldobler B, Wilson EO (1990).
6267:Holldobler B, Wilson EO (2009).
6148:"Fantastic ants – Did you know?"
4999:series of games or the ChCht in
4678:evolutionarily stable strategies
4660:was first discovered in ants by
4279:populations and aeration of the
2712:
1207:Relationships of ant subfamilies
138:
42:
17160:Extant Albian first appearances
16794:Sociobiology: The New Synthesis
16491:
15939:(sapygid, or club-horned wasps)
13642:10.1590/S0036-46652005000400012
13533:. Simon and Schuster. pp.
11306:10.1590/S1519-69842005000300008
10670:Journal of Experimental Biology
10042:10.12688/f1000research.2-280.v2
9295:"The metapleural gland of ants"
8983:"Gaster flagging by fire ants (
8939:
8904:
8877:
8832:
8789:
8737:
8712:
8675:
8618:
8511:
8480:
8423:
8384:
8325:
8278:
8262:The Behavioural Ecology of Ants
8204:
8147:
8113:Psyche: A Journal of Entomology
8016:
7930:
7826:
7807:
7733:
7686:
7635:
7615:Psyche: A Journal of Entomology
7598:
7571:
7562:
7539:
7514:
7481:
7380:
7325:
7276:
7217:
7194:
7155:
7128:Psyche: A Journal of Entomology
7108:
7081:Psyche: A Journal of Entomology
7065:
7020:
6986:The Quarterly Review of Biology
6977:
6912:
6892:Psyche: A Journal of Entomology
6879:
6822:
6795:Journal of Experimental Biology
6775:
6734:
6683:
6602:
6593:
6562:
6534:
6378:
6352:
6260:
6193:
6170:
6139:
6104:
6078:
6055:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.28.1.27
6027:
5910:
5717:
5664:
5608:
5410:10.1007/978-3-319-90306-4_155-1
5389:
4941:for "Best Simulation Program".
4830:in his poem "Departmental" and
4532:, or living honey-pots, of the
4059:and are cared for by the ants.
3443:are among the biggest and most
2758:larvae exited two days earlier.
2578:
2376:, for example, have a distinct
2350:
2303:of the ant are attached to the
2224:. Like most insects, ants have
864:within the general superfamily
14558:
14528:Artificial Intelligence Review
14440:Wilson, EO (25 January 2010).
14001:. Cambridge University Press.
11764:Journal of Economic Entomology
11749:Jahn GC, Beardsley JW (1996).
10330:"Ants, plants and antibiotics"
9760:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2007.02.002
8505:10.25849/MYRMECOL.NEWS_032:001
8291:Journal of Theoretical Biology
5402:Encyclopedia of Social Insects
5269:
5247:
5222:
5201:
5179:
5167:
4963:, the giant ants in the films
4528:. The Mexican Indians eat the
3190:of South America, such as the
2440:
741:word *morwi- was the root for
502:with other species has led to
1:
16158:(mason bees, leafcutter bees)
14411:10.1080/00168890.2021.1977228
14331:Commentary on Virgil's Aeneid
13696:10.1016/S0041-0101(02)00097-1
12778:Frouz, J; Jílková, V (2008).
12764:10.1016/S0031-4056(24)00314-7
12295:Katayama N, Suzuki N (2004).
11518:10.1080/00779962.1968.9722888
11228:Australian Journal of Zoology
10484:Ronacher B, Werner R (1995).
10104:10.1016/S0006-3207(03)00147-2
9054:10.1016/S1081-1206(10)63493-X
7835:"Ant reproductive strategies"
7358:10.1126/science.231.4743.1278
7115:Moffett MW, Tobin JE (1991).
7072:Wilson EO, Taylor RW (1964).
6923:. ASU School of Life Sciences
6549:Smithsonian Institution Press
6496:Encyclopedia of Life Sciences
5960:Barden P, Grimaldi D (2012).
5642:10.1126/science.157.3792.1038
5048:
4723:
4024:Flies in the Old World genus
3974:Long-jawed orb weaver spiders
3810:the plant from more damaging
3375:
3314:
2463:
2216:that provide excellent vision
2078:
1835:. Blattodeans are related to
14621:. Harvard University Press.
13997:Stadler B, Dixon AF (2008).
13881:10.1146/annurev.ento.44.1.21
13460:Gottrup F, Leaper D (2004).
11759:(Homoptera: Pseudococcidae)"
11293:Brazilian Journal of Biology
10985:10.1371/journal.pbio.0000037
10904:10.1126/science.164.3876.192
10808:(Hymenoptera: Formicidae)".
10656:Åkesson S, Wehner R (2002).
9748:Journal of Insect Physiology
9390:(hymenoptera: formicidae)".
6712:10.1126/science.228.4696.192
6302:"In search of ant ancestors"
6300:Schultz TR (December 2000).
6152:National Geographic Magazine
5373:10.25100/socolen.v47i1.11082
5189:. Merriam-Webster Dictionary
5176:. Merriam-Webster Dictionary
4104:) that infects canopy ants (
3405:, a species of ant found in
2809:Some ants produce sounds by
2507:, a process in which an ant
2220:An ant's head contains many
552:
424:and, along with the related
7:
16560:Sexual selection in insects
14179:Mentioned once in the
14024:The Ohio Journal of Science
13972:J. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Zool.)
13869:Annual Review of Entomology
13717:Downes D, Laird SA (1999).
13425:Canadian Journal of Zoology
13354:The Southwestern Naturalist
12580:10.1016/j.ppees.2009.08.001
12207:10.1007/978-3-319-58292-4_4
11854:Annual Review of Entomology
11386:Journal of Chemical Ecology
9241:Journal of Chemical Ecology
8991:Journal of Chemical Ecology
8260:Sudd JH, Franks NR (2013).
7580:Annual Review of Entomology
7301:10.1093/genetics/165.4.1853
7029:"Dimorphism in the African
6635:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.03.017
6086:"Order Isoptera – Termites"
5919:Annual Review of Entomology
5012:
4760:The Ant and the Grasshopper
4545:
3420:Cooperation and competition
3114:Two Weaver ants walking in
3105:
2915:Trap-jaw ants of the genus
2874:has been developed for it.
2599:thelytokous parthenogenesis
2347:and defending their nests.
2343:that are used for subduing
2326:
2290:
2173:. Insects also lack closed
2097:Ants are distinct in their
1960:
1950:
1940:
1930:
1920:
1910:
1900:
1890:
597:; these are all related to
10:
17181:
16712:Austroplatypus incompertus
16540:Identity in social insects
12886:Journal of Insect Behavior
12256:10.1038/s41467-024-48646-x
12164:American Journal of Botany
10966:Delsuc F (November 2003).
9511:10.1038/s41467-023-43885-w
8960:10.1016/j.jaci.2005.04.025
8544:10.1016/j.tree.2009.01.013
8311:10.1016/j.jtbi.2013.01.022
8229:10.1038/s42003-021-02016-1
7833:Heinze J, Tsuji K (1995).
7467:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa135
6886:Eisner T, Happ GM (1962).
6362:. info.com. Archived from
5692:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab097
5474:10.11646/zootaxa.1668.1.26
5231:Cassell's Latin Dictionary
5142:10.3897/zookeys.1005.57629
5016:
4758:did the same in his fable
4708:
4704:
4620:
4552:Ants of medical importance
4549:
4510:First Summer in the Sierra
4383:
4379:
4051:Vestigipoda myrmolarvoidea
3711:Allomerus decemarticulatus
3514:conflict between the sexes
3248:
3152:
2991:A Malaysian species of ant
2820:
2816:
2716:
2536:control of gene expression
2487:, if not, it will be male
1867:Distribution and diversity
1847:. Like ants, termites are
486:. The only places lacking
18:
16837:
16749:
16728:
16599:
16588:
16499:
16432:
16387:
16291:
16282:
16244:
16189:
16082:
15990:
15969:
15948:
15906:
15872:
15846:
15817:
15766:
15743:
15721:
15703:
15685:
15654:
15373:
15355:
15317:
15258:
15212:
15164:
15155:
15132:
15103:
15074:
15051:
15022:
15001:
14980:
14951:
14925:
14911:
14850:
14846:
14821:
14777:
14540:10.1007/s10462-007-9057-y
14478:10.1017/s0317167100002754
14244:10.1215/00141801-47-2-399
13576:Columbia University Press
13177:10.1007/s11230-007-9125-3
12906:10.1007/s10905-005-9343-y
12716:10.1007/s00040-004-0773-x
10627:10.1007/s00359-003-0465-4
10562:10.1007/s00359-003-0431-1
9865:10.1016/j.cub.2007.06.047
9609:Journal of Insect Science
9577:10.1016/j.cub.2024.06.021
8595:10.1016/j.cub.2006.07.015
8487:Heikki Helanterä (2022).
8436:Evolutionary Applications
8391:Moffett, Mark W. (2012).
8025:Cardiocondyla wroughtonii
7916:10.1007/s00040-003-0697-x
7711:10.1007/s00040-011-0210-x
7525:. Springer. p. 325.
6571:"Hymenoptera name server"
5973:American Museum Novitates
5328:10.1016/j.cub.2013.08.050
4951:, such as the Formics of
4864:Leiningen Versus the Ants
4773:Native American mythology
4735:'s ants: illustration by
4617:In science and technology
4485:
4473:
3900:, is seen in the eggs of
2499:stages passing through a
2212:and the relatively large
2165:and other gases, such as
2113:segment into a node-like
2087:Diagram of a worker ant (
1969:cosmopolitan distribution
1653:
1640:
1633:
1593:
1580:
1573:
1560:
1529:
1516:
1509:
1496:
1489:
1482:
1459:
1419:
1406:
1399:
1377:
1364:
1357:
1350:
1328:
1297:
1284:
1277:
1264:
1257:
1250:
1243:
1236:
1228:
1221:
1136:
1121:
1114:
1098:
1091:
1057:
1042:
1035:
1011:
996:
989:
982:
974:
949:
934:
927:
919:
903:
896:
697:, such as the Portuguese
271:
264:
245:
238:
135:Scientific classification
133:
126:
117:
30:
16507:Evolution of eusociality
14592:Harvard University Press
14459:Parent A (August 2003).
14055:The Florida Entomologist
13114:The Florida Entomologist
12419:10.1038/nplants.2016.181
11658:The Florida Entomologist
11498:New Zealand Entomologist
10541:Wehner R (August 2003).
10123:Environmental Entomology
9392:Physiological Entomology
9048:(2): 87–95, quiz 96–99.
8351:10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00083
7964:10.1073/pnas.92.24.10977
7521:Gillott, Cedric (1995).
7393:BMC Evolutionary Biology
5562:BMC Evolutionary Biology
4892:The Ant and the Aardvark
4837:The Once and Future King
4394:Roasted ants in Colombia
4256:Relationship with humans
3964:from different colonies
3940:) with a cutworm (tribe
3648:of the butterfly family
3538:Myrmarachne plataleoides
3296:) feed exclusively on a
2861:Schmidt sting pain index
2511:liquid food held in its
2067:has made them useful as
1793:at the beginning of the
16770:Charles Duncan Michener
14942:(web-spinning sawflies)
14718:Ant Species Fact Sheets
14700:Encyclopædia Britannica
14280:Schmidt RJ (May 1985).
14148:"Beginning of Creation"
13928:Natural History Journal
13320:Ornitologia Neotropical
13165:Systematic Parasitology
13057:The American Naturalist
12931:Mischocyttarus drewseni
11757:Dysmicoccus neobrevipes
11184:Journal of Biogeography
11150:10.1073/pnas.1016658108
10861:10.1242/jeb.204.12.2063
10843:Fukushi T (June 2001).
10683:10.1242/jeb.205.14.1971
10448:10.1126/science.1126912
10296:10.1073/pnas.0907926106
10084:Biological Conservation
9693:Die Naturwissenschaften
9452:10.1073/pnas.0901270106
9142:10.1073/pnas.0604290103
8570:"Communication in ants"
8338:Frontiers in Psychology
8154:Heinze, Jürgen (2017).
7786:Encyclopedia of Insects
7644:The American Naturalist
7251:10.1073/pnas.1633701100
7203:Myrmecocystus mexicanus
6504:10.1038/npg.els.0004143
6412:10.1073/pnas.2201550119
6227:10.1073/pnas.2214825119
6177:Thomas, Philip (2007).
5885:10.1073/pnas.0502264102
5752:10.1073/pnas.2317795121
5583:10.1186/1471-2148-14-93
5524:10.1073/pnas.0806187105
5087:10.1126/science.1124891
4691:Ant colony optimization
4502:Naturalist in Australia
4402:Ant larvae for sale in
4112:Hyeronima alchorneoides
4102:Myrmeconema neotropicum
3999:Mischocyttarus drewseni
3827:Pseudomyrmex ferruginea
3680:that make up the tribe
2547:task-specialization or
2404:Myrmecocystus mexicanus
2196:
2061:Hymenoptera Name Server
674:
665:
653:
644:
622:
611:
603:
588:
576:
568:
535:biological pest control
529:. These parallels with
16069:(thread-waisted wasps)
15897:(sierolomorphid wasps)
15829:(rhopalosomatid wasps)
15034:(parasitic wood wasps)
14617:Bolton, Barry (1995).
14106:US granted 5803014
13902:Bingham, C.T. (1903).
13584:10.5962/bhl.title.1937
13477:(2): 5. Archived from
12954:Jeanne R (July 1995).
12466:10.1098/rspb.2016.1759
12080:10.1098/rspb.2006.0415
11718:10.1098/rspb.2006.3701
10237:10.1186/1741-7007-5-48
9913:10.1098/rsbl.2005.0302
9357:10.1006/anbe.1999.1184
9203:10.1242/jeb.199.9.2021
9089:10.1098/rstb.1993.0101
8898:10.1002/arch.940010205
8217:Communications Biology
8172:10.1098/rspb.2016.1406
7611:, in response to food"
7414:10.1186/1471-2148-8-64
6847:10.1098/rstb.2021.0291
6327:10.1073/pnas.011513798
5823:10.1073/pnas.240452097
4857:The Empire of the Ants
4813:
4740:
4645:
4575:immigrant pavement ant
4565:
4407:
4395:
4323:. The species include
4272:
4128:
4070:
3977:
3945:
3920:
3765:
3762:wrinkled solder beetle
3736:
3612:
3585:
3546:
3541:(female shown) mimics
3520:Wasmannia auropunctata
3488:
3471:Temnothorax americanus
3436:
3362:Earth's magnetic field
3327:
3269:
3229:
3181:Temnothorax albipennis
3175:
3128:Temnothorax albipennis
3118:
3025:
2912:
2907:in fighting position,
2838:
2759:
2734:
2675:
2594:
2493:complete metamorphosis
2476:
2364:
2217:
2157:. Insects do not have
2094:
1845:complete metamorphosis
1831:, they form the order
1728:
824:, which also includes
816:Taxonomy and evolution
732:
724:
716:
708:
700:
688:
633:
527:solve complex problems
17096:Paleobiology Database
16775:The Bees of the World
12937:Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool
12305:Entomological Science
12236:Nature Communications
11829:Elfferich NW (1998).
11778:10.1093/jee/89.5.1124
11446:Systematic Entomology
11019:Harpegnathos saltator
10723:10.1186/1742-9994-6-5
9713:10.1007/s001140050780
9654:Harpegnathos saltator
9599:Tschinkel WR (2004).
9491:Nature Communications
9174:Gronenberg W (1996).
8863:10.1007/s002650050292
8698:10.1007/s102110100038
8409:10.1093/beheco/ars043
7756:10.1007/s000400050084
6963:10.1093/aesa/44.3.473
6808:10.1242/jeb.119.1.115
6575:Ohio State University
6179:"Pest Ants in Hawaii"
6043:Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst
5025:Glossary of ant terms
4834:in his fantasy novel
4807:
4731:
4641:Camponotus nearcticus
4638:
4603:red imported fire ant
4559:
4453:Oecophylla smaragdina
4401:
4393:
4364:Sri Lankan relict ant
4263:
4134:Temnothorax nylanderi
4120:
4067:Oecophylla smaragdina
4065:
3993:Nasutitermes corniger
3960:
3936:Bold Jumping Spider (
3935:
3910:
3896:, possibly a form of
3804:extrafloral nectaries
3751:
3730:
3599:
3576:
3534:
3484:Harpegnathos saltator
3480:
3427:
3384:Harpegnathos saltator
3322:
3258:
3227:
3162:
3113:
3100:anaerobic respiration
3023:
2902:
2830:
2749:
2726:
2708:Behaviour and ecology
2673:
2586:
2471:
2454:transposable elements
2358:
2337:egg-laying structures
2208:showing the powerful
2204:
2086:
2030:Titanomyrma giganteum
1723:
561:and the archaic word
539:red imported fire ant
16982:Fauna Europaea (new)
12986:Florida Entomologist
11913:10.1128/AEM.03107-12
11753:Pheidole megacephala
10855:(Pt 12): 2063–2072.
10767:(Pt 17): 3336–3344.
10710:Frontiers in Zoology
10136:10.1603/022.038.0311
9744:Camponotus anderseni
9562:(14): 3273–3278.e3.
7164:Monomorium pharaonis
7151:on 27 February 2008.
6782:Eriksson ES (1985).
6469:Shattuck SO (1999).
4476:), in a dish called
4073:Fungi in the genera
3706:ant-fungus mutualism
3626:, when they feed on
3609:Eulecanium cerasorum
3607:from Calico scales (
3506:Strumigenys perplexa
3402:Polyrhachis sokolova
3251:Ant–fungus mutualism
3095:Camponotus anderseni
3076:Camponotus maculatus
2985:convergent evolution
2886:piperidine alkaloids
2475:nest during swarming
2248:taxa are completely
1853:convergent evolution
1827:, and together with
1785:supercontinent (the
439:. Ants evolved from
21:Ant (disambiguation)
19:For other uses, see
16810:Journey to the Ants
14878:(cimbicid sawflies)
14665:. Norton & Co.
14125:"The Ant, The Ants"
13922:Bequaert J (1921).
13807:2001EcolL...4..650C
13764:1963EcBot..17..186C
13688:2002Txcn...40.1095M
13401:2005Ecol...86..555W
13311:Vellely AC (2001).
13224:10.1098/rsos.202118
12898:2005JIBeh..18....1Q
12851:1992FuEco...6..642.
12784:Myrmecological News
12755:1997Pedob..41..437F
12737:Frouz, Jan (1997).
12641:American Naturalist
12607:2006Oikos.112..481G
12572:2010PPEES..12...43L
12518:1989Oecol..79..463F
12411:2016NatPl...216181C
12374:2003JEcol..91..126F
12248:2024NatCo..15.4392S
12125:1987Oecol..73..522P
12023:2005Natur.434..973D
11966:2016NatSR...639197N
11905:2013ApEnM..79..525K
11808:1992SciAm.267d..76D
11795:Scientific American
11649:Cushing PE (1997).
11620:1977Biotr...9....1R
11577:10.1038/nature03705
11569:2005Natur.435.1230F
11563:(7046): 1230–1234.
11510:1968NZEnt...4...47T
11459:1996SysEn..21..253W
11398:1990JCEco..16.2217H
11196:1998JBiog..25..561M
11141:2011PNAS..108.7669M
11087:10.1038/nature03254
11079:2005Natur.433..624Y
10933:Chapman RF (1998).
10896:1969Sci...164..192W
10822:2003Ethol.109..835B
10440:2006Sci...312.1965W
10434:(5782): 1965–1967.
10349:1999Natur.398..747S
10328:Schultz TR (1999).
10287:2009PNAS..10621236R
10281:(50): 21236–21241.
10181:2012MolEc..21.2282A
10096:2004BCons.115..279C
9856:2007CBio...17.1308R
9799:2006Natur.439..153F
9705:2000NW.....87..563M
9603:Pogonomyrmex badius
9568:2024CBio...34.3273F
9503:2023NatCo..14.8446F
9443:2009PNAS..106.8251C
9253:2004JCEco..30.1479J
9197:(Pt 9): 2021–2033.
9133:2006PNAS..10312787P
9127:(34): 12787–12792.
9003:1985JCEco..11.1757O
8855:1996BEcoS..39..293R
8810:2000ASAJ..108.1920H
8646:1989NW.....76..579G
8634:Naturwissenschaften
8586:2006CBio...16.R570J
8536:2009TEcoE..24..341H
8493:Myrmecological News
8303:2013JThBi.323...49C
8041:1992NW.....79..274Y
8029:Naturwissenschaften
7955:1995PNAS...9210977P
7949:(24): 10977–10979.
7854:1995PopEc..37..135H
7405:2008BMCEE...8...64T
7350:1986Sci...231.1278C
7242:2003PNAS..100.9394H
7052:10.1093/aesa/39.1.7
6753:(Pt 7): jeb177238.
6704:1985Sci...228..192F
6627:2006MolPE..40..359O
6569:Johnson NF (2007).
6403:2022PNAS..11901550S
6397:(40): e2201550119.
6318:2000PNAS...9714028S
6312:(26): 14028–14029.
6218:2022PNAS..11914825F
6212:(42): e2214825119.
5876:2005PNAS..102.7411W
5814:2000PNAS...9713678G
5808:(25): 13678–13683.
5744:2024PNAS..12117795J
5738:(13): e2317795121.
5634:1967Sci...157.1038W
5628:(3792): 1038–1040.
5574:2014BMCEE..14...93B
5515:2008PNAS..10514913R
5509:(39): 14913–14917.
5319:2013CBio...23.2058J
5229:Simpson DP (1979).
5133:2020ZooK.1005...21B
5079:2006Sci...312..101M
5036:Myrmecological News
4812:, a town in Finland
4595:black carpenter ant
4373:Adetomyrma venatrix
4352:Aspalathus linearis
4339:ants of Australia.
4121:Spiders (Like this
3793:which induces male
3790:Leporella fimbriata
3717:Hirtella physophora
3678:Fungus-growing ants
3545:to avoid predators.
3245:Cultivation of food
2730:Camponotus sericeus
2701:Linepithema humile,
2413:developmental paths
2323:) and males occur.
2266:Formica cunicularia
1787:Northern Hemisphere
1739:remains of an ant (
1724:Ants fossilised in
1208:
883:
758:Old Church Slavonic
739:Proto-Indo-European
521:Ant societies have
17165:Insects in culture
16442:List of ant genera
14963:(cedar wood wasps)
14886:(conifer sawflies)
14158:on 18 August 2000.
14135:on 1 January 2007.
13772:10.1007/BF02859435
13258:Journal of Zoology
13161:Cephalotes atratus
13108:Wojcik DP (1989).
13031:Microbiology Today
12927:Jeanne RL (1972).
12839:Functional Ecology
12526:10.1007/bf00378662
12460:(1850): 20161759.
12362:Journal of Ecology
12133:10.1007/BF00379410
11954:Scientific Reports
11488:Taylor RW (1968).
11406:10.1007/BF01026932
11037:10.1007/BF01992052
10660:Cataglyphis fortis
10505:10.1007/BF00243395
10002:10.1007/PL00001708
9670:10.1007/BF01240479
9621:10.1093/jis/4.1.21
9302:Biological Reviews
9011:10.1007/BF01012125
8919:(11–12): 564–566.
8654:10.1007/BF00462870
8397:Behavioral Ecology
8166:(1850): 20161406.
8126:10.1155/1957/68319
8104:Pheidole sitarches
8100:Wilson EO (1957).
8070:Taylor RW (2007).
8049:10.1007/BF01175395
7900:Solenopsis invicta
7862:10.1007/BF02515814
7628:10.1155/1984/39236
7609:Solenopsis invicta
7180:10.1007/PL00001692
7141:10.1155/1991/30265
7094:10.1155/1964/17612
7027:Weber, NA (1946).
6905:10.1155/1962/25068
6786:Myrmecia nigriceps
6760:10.1242/jeb.177238
6581:on 27 January 2016
6034:Thorne BL (1997).
4972:Empire of the Ants
4814:
4797:turned the maiden
4741:
4658:Ultraviolet vision
4646:
4566:
4478:yam khai mot daeng
4408:
4396:
4326:Paraponera clavata
4321:medical importance
4293:biological control
4273:
4269:biological control
4140:Anomotaenia brevis
4129:
4107:Cephalotes atratus
4071:
4069:killed by a fungus
3978:
3946:
3921:
3836:Isotopic labelling
3766:
3737:
3613:
3586:
3568:Wasmannian mimicry
3547:
3489:
3456:slave-raiding ants
3437:
3393:Cephalotes atratus
3328:
3270:
3230:
3176:
3119:
3090:Cataulacus muticus
3052:Linepithema humile
3026:
2935:Odontomachus bauri
2913:
2839:
2823:Defense in insects
2760:
2750:Ants find a dying
2735:
2676:
2595:
2590:Prenolepis imparis
2491:. Ants develop by
2477:
2422:Solenopsis invicta
2365:
2218:
2187:ventral nerve cord
2107:metapleural glands
2095:
2053:List of ant genera
1791:adaptive radiation
1729:
1698:*Cerapachyinae is
1692:of the extant ant
1518:Agroecomyrmecinae
1206:
881:
585:, which come from
543:Solenopsis invicta
523:division of labour
17137:
17136:
17083:Open Tree of Life
16831:Taxon identifiers
16822:
16821:
16736:Bees in mythology
16459:
16458:
16428:
16427:
16299:Agroecomyrmecinae
16203:
16202:
16185:
16184:
16181:
16180:
16177:
16176:
16159:
16151:
16143:
16136:
16103:
16093:
16078:
16077:
16070:
16027:
16026:(cockroach wasps)
16012:
15982:
15961:
15940:
15932:
15919:
15898:
15895:Sierolomorphidae
15890:
15864:
15838:
15830:
15827:Rhopalosomatidae
15784:
15739:
15738:
15672:
15650:
15649:
15642:Trichogrammatidae
15567:
15504:Eutrichosomatidae
15474:Epichrysomallidae
15394:
15384:
15272:
15230:
15157:Proctotrupomorpha
15124:
15123:(ichneumon wasps)
15116:
15047:
15046:
15043:
15042:
15035:
15014:
14993:
14972:
14964:
14943:
14903:
14902:(common sawflies)
14895:
14894:(pergid sawflies)
14887:
14879:
14871:
14863:
14672:978-0-393-06704-0
14649:978-0-674-48526-6
14642:. Belknap Press.
14628:978-0-674-61514-4
14601:978-0-674-04075-5
14576:978-0-03-025397-3
14448:. pp. 56–62.
14372:978-0-19-510137-9
14008:978-0-521-86035-2
13593:978-0-231-00121-2
13544:978-0-7432-0241-1
13503:(24): 1861–1864.
12816:978-1-107-04833-1
12074:(1613): 1117–23.
11974:10.1038/srep39197
11948:(December 2016).
11712:(1607): 151–164.
11492:Strumigenys xenos
11241:10.1071/ZO9960521
11135:(19): 7669–7673.
11073:(7026): 624–626.
10952:978-0-521-57890-5
10890:(3876): 192–194.
10774:10.1242/jeb.02364
10677:(14): 1971–1978.
10343:(6730): 747–748.
10169:Molecular Ecology
9986:Formica polyctena
9850:(15): 1308–1312.
9437:(20): 8251–8255.
9178:Daceton armigerum
9083:(1296): 177–180.
8997:(12): 1757–1768.
8818:10.1121/1.1290515
8758:10.1242/jeb.02706
8752:(Pt 5): 897–905.
8730:978-3-7643-5792-4
8580:(15): R570–R574.
7800:978-0-12-586990-4
7532:978-0-306-44967-3
7507:978-0-674-04075-5
7334:Myrmecia pilosula
7236:(16): 9394–9397.
7119:Daceton armigerum
6698:(4696): 192–194.
6513:978-0-470-01617-6
6480:978-0-643-06659-5
6366:on 13 August 2013
6286:978-0-393-06704-0
5870:(21): 7411–7414.
5419:978-3-319-90306-4
5313:(20): 2058–2062.
5240:978-0-304-52257-6
5073:(5770): 101–104.
4960:Starship Troopers
4744:Anthropomorphised
4607:European fire ant
4599:odorous house ant
4442:, and throughout
4173:Eciton burchellii
4156:poison dart frogs
3958:
3933:
3915:tending a common
3848:Philidris nagasau
3749:
3597:
3501:Strumigenys xenos
3345:Sahara desert ant
3234:Formica polyctena
3196:species, and the
3193:Eciton burchellii
3149:Nest construction
3065:Megaponera analis
3050:while workers of
3007:suicidal altruism
2747:
2719:Ant communication
2555:Forelius pusillus
2431:Myrmecia pilosula
2090:Neoponera verenae
2069:indicator species
1993:ecological niches
1965:
1964:
1716:
1715:
1682:
1681:
1673:
1672:
1664:
1663:
1622:
1621:
1613:
1612:
1604:
1603:
1549:
1548:
1540:
1539:
1470:
1469:
1448:
1447:
1439:
1438:
1430:
1429:
1408:Pseudomyrmecinae
1388:
1387:
1339:
1338:
1317:
1316:
1308:
1307:
1204:
1203:
1194:
1193:
1185:
1184:
1176:
1175:
1167:
1166:
1158:
1157:
1149:
1148:
1079:
1078:
1070:
1069:
1024:
1023:
962:
961:
695:Romance languages
565:are derived from
443:ancestors in the
405:
404:
275:Agroecomyrmecinae
234:
217:
16:Family of insects
17172:
17130:
17129:
17117:
17116:
17104:
17103:
17091:
17090:
17078:
17077:
17068:
17067:
17055:
17054:
17052:NBNSYS0000037030
17042:
17041:
17029:
17028:
17016:
17015:
17003:
17002:
16990:
16989:
16977:
16976:
16964:
16963:
16951:
16950:
16938:
16937:
16925:
16924:
16912:
16911:
16899:
16898:
16886:
16885:
16873:
16872:
16871:
16858:
16857:
16856:
16826:
16825:
16762:The Dancing Bees
16594:
16486:
16479:
16472:
16463:
16462:
16379:Pseudomyrmecinae
16289:
16288:
16230:
16223:
16216:
16207:
16206:
16157:
16149:
16142:(plasterer bees)
16141:
16110:
16101:
16092:
16091:
16087:
16080:
16079:
16068:
16025:
16011:
16010:
16009:(sphecoid wasps)
16006:
15997:
15996:
15980:
15959:
15938:
15930:
15917:
15896:
15888:
15862:
15836:
15828:
15782:
15764:
15763:
15670:
15627:Tanaostigmatidae
15565:
15549:Melanosomellidae
15392:
15383:
15382:
15378:
15271:
15270:
15262:
15228:
15184:Neuroscelionidae
15162:
15161:
15122:
15114:
15101:
15100:
15072:
15071:
15033:
15012:
14991:
14970:
14962:
14941:
14935:Megalodontesidae
14901:
14893:
14885:
14877:
14869:
14868:Blasticotomidae
14862:(argid sawflies)
14861:
14848:
14847:
14844:
14843:
14762:
14755:
14748:
14739:
14738:
14704:
14696:
14676:
14664:
14653:
14632:
14605:
14580:
14552:
14551:
14523:
14517:
14516:
14514:
14512:
14497:
14491:
14490:
14480:
14456:
14450:
14449:
14437:
14431:
14430:
14390:
14384:
14383:
14381:
14379:
14364:
14353:Twain M (1880).
14350:
14344:
14324:
14318:
14317:
14277:
14271:
14270:
14262:
14256:
14255:
14225:
14219:
14218:
14217:on 14 July 2011.
14216:
14205:
14199:Deen MY (1990).
14196:
14190:
14184:
14177:
14171:
14166:
14160:
14159:
14143:
14137:
14136:
14121:
14115:
14114:
14113:
14109:
14102:
14096:
14095:
14087:
14081:
14080:
14070:
14046:
14040:
14039:
14019:
14013:
14012:
13994:
13988:
13987:
13967:
13961:
13960:
13958:
13956:
13945:
13936:
13935:
13919:
13910:
13909:
13899:
13893:
13892:
13864:
13858:
13857:
13833:
13827:
13826:
13790:
13784:
13783:
13747:
13741:
13740:
13738:
13736:
13730:
13723:
13714:
13708:
13707:
13682:(8): 1095–1100.
13671:
13665:
13664:
13654:
13644:
13620:
13614:
13613:
13569:
13555:
13549:
13548:
13532:
13519:
13513:
13512:
13492:
13486:
13485:
13484:on 16 June 2007.
13483:
13466:
13457:
13451:
13448:
13442:
13441:
13419:
13413:
13412:
13384:
13378:
13377:
13366:10.1894/msh-03.1
13349:
13343:
13342:
13340:
13338:
13332:
13317:
13308:
13302:
13301:
13281:
13275:
13274:
13252:
13246:
13245:
13235:
13203:
13197:
13196:
13156:
13150:
13149:
13147:
13145:
13136:. Archived from
13105:
13099:
13098:
13080:
13054:
13045:
13039:
13038:
13026:
13020:
13019:
13017:
13002:
12982:
12973:
12964:
12963:
12951:
12945:
12944:
12924:
12918:
12917:
12877:
12871:
12870:
12834:
12828:
12827:
12825:
12823:
12798:
12792:
12791:
12775:
12769:
12768:
12766:
12734:
12728:
12727:
12704:Insectes Sociaux
12691:
12685:
12684:
12672:
12666:
12665:
12635:
12629:
12628:
12618:
12590:
12584:
12583:
12555:
12546:
12545:
12503:
12494:
12488:
12487:
12477:
12445:
12439:
12438:
12394:
12388:
12387:
12385:
12345:
12339:
12338:
12328:
12292:
12286:
12285:
12275:
12227:
12221:
12220:
12194:
12188:
12187:
12159:
12153:
12152:
12108:
12102:
12101:
12091:
12059:
12053:
12052:
12034:
12002:
11996:
11995:
11985:
11941:
11935:
11934:
11924:
11884:
11878:
11877:
11849:
11843:
11842:
11826:
11820:
11819:
11789:
11783:
11782:
11780:
11771:(5): 1124–1129.
11746:
11740:
11739:
11729:
11697:
11691:
11690:
11688:
11673:
11655:
11646:
11640:
11639:
11603:
11597:
11596:
11554:
11545:
11539:
11536:
11530:
11529:
11485:
11479:
11478:
11435:Ward PS (1996).
11432:
11426:
11425:
11392:(7): 2217–2228.
11381:
11375:
11367:
11349:
11340:(4): 1068–1075.
11325:
11319:
11318:
11308:
11284:
11278:
11277:
11275:
11251:
11245:
11244:
11222:
11216:
11215:
11179:
11173:
11172:
11162:
11152:
11120:
11114:
11113:
11112:on 16 June 2007.
11111:
11105:. Archived from
11064:
11055:
11049:
11048:
11014:
11008:
11007:
10997:
10987:
10963:
10957:
10956:
10940:
10930:
10924:
10923:
10879:
10873:
10872:
10840:
10834:
10833:
10801:
10795:
10794:
10776:
10752:
10746:
10745:
10735:
10725:
10701:
10695:
10694:
10666:
10653:
10647:
10646:
10612:
10603:
10597:
10596:
10594:
10592:
10586:
10580:. Archived from
10547:
10538:
10532:
10531:
10529:
10527:
10521:
10515:. Archived from
10490:
10481:
10475:
10474:
10473:on 28 July 2011.
10472:
10466:. Archived from
10425:
10416:
10410:
10409:
10389:
10378:
10377:
10375:
10360:
10334:
10325:
10319:
10318:
10308:
10298:
10266:
10260:
10259:
10249:
10239:
10215:
10209:
10208:
10175:(9): 2282–2296.
10163:
10157:
10156:
10138:
10114:
10108:
10107:
10079:
10073:
10072:
10062:
10044:
10020:
10014:
10013:
9990:Insectes Sociaux
9981:
9975:
9974:
9950:
9944:
9941:
9935:
9934:
9924:
9892:
9886:
9885:
9867:
9835:
9829:
9828:
9810:
9778:
9772:
9771:
9739:
9733:
9732:
9688:
9682:
9681:
9658:Insectes Sociaux
9649:
9643:
9642:
9632:
9596:
9590:
9589:
9579:
9547:
9541:
9540:
9530:
9481:
9475:
9474:
9464:
9454:
9422:
9416:
9415:
9383:
9377:
9376:
9345:Animal Behaviour
9340:
9334:
9333:
9299:
9290:
9281:
9280:
9247:(8): 1479–1492.
9228:
9222:
9221:
9219:
9188:
9171:
9165:
9164:
9154:
9144:
9112:
9101:
9100:
9072:
9066:
9065:
9037:
9031:
9030:
8978:
8972:
8971:
8943:
8937:
8936:
8908:
8902:
8901:
8881:
8875:
8874:
8836:
8830:
8829:
8804:(4): 1920–1929.
8793:
8787:
8784:
8778:
8777:
8741:
8735:
8734:
8716:
8710:
8709:
8679:
8673:
8672:
8670:
8631:
8622:
8616:
8615:
8597:
8565:
8556:
8555:
8515:
8509:
8508:
8484:
8478:
8477:
8467:
8427:
8421:
8420:
8388:
8382:
8381:
8371:
8353:
8329:
8323:
8322:
8282:
8276:
8275:
8257:
8251:
8250:
8240:
8208:
8202:
8201:
8191:
8151:
8145:
8142:
8131:
8130:
8128:
8110:
8097:
8091:
8090:
8088:
8086:
8076:
8067:
8061:
8060:
8020:
8014:
8013:
7993:
7987:
7986:
7976:
7966:
7934:
7928:
7927:
7904:Insectes Sociaux
7895:
7889:
7888:
7886:
7884:
7878:
7872:. Archived from
7842:Res. Popul. Ecol
7839:
7830:
7824:
7823:
7811:
7805:
7804:
7777:
7768:
7767:
7743:Insectes Sociaux
7737:
7731:
7730:
7699:Insectes Sociaux
7690:
7684:
7683:
7650:(5): E239–E243.
7639:
7633:
7632:
7630:
7621:(3–4): 319–332.
7602:
7596:
7595:
7575:
7569:
7566:
7560:
7559:
7543:
7537:
7536:
7518:
7512:
7511:
7495:
7485:
7479:
7478:
7446:
7437:
7436:
7426:
7416:
7384:
7378:
7377:
7329:
7323:
7322:
7312:
7295:(4): 1853–1867.
7280:
7274:
7273:
7263:
7253:
7221:
7215:
7214:
7198:
7192:
7191:
7168:Insectes Sociaux
7159:
7153:
7152:
7150:
7144:. Archived from
7143:
7125:
7112:
7106:
7105:
7103:
7096:
7078:
7069:
7063:
7062:
7060:
7037:
7024:
7018:
7017:
6981:
6975:
6974:
6945:Gaul AT (1951).
6942:
6933:
6932:
6930:
6928:
6916:
6910:
6909:
6907:
6883:
6877:
6876:
6866:
6826:
6820:
6819:
6817:
6810:
6792:
6779:
6773:
6772:
6762:
6738:
6732:
6731:
6687:
6681:
6678:
6665:
6664:
6646:
6606:
6600:
6597:
6591:
6590:
6588:
6586:
6577:. Archived from
6566:
6560:
6559:
6557:
6555:
6538:
6532:
6527:
6518:
6517:
6491:
6485:
6484:
6466:
6460:
6457:
6451:
6450:
6432:
6414:
6382:
6376:
6375:
6373:
6371:
6356:
6350:
6349:
6339:
6329:
6297:
6291:
6290:
6274:
6264:
6258:
6257:
6247:
6229:
6197:
6191:
6190:
6188:
6186:
6174:
6168:
6167:
6165:
6163:
6154:. Archived from
6146:Jones, Alice S.
6143:
6137:
6134:
6128:
6127:
6125:
6123:
6108:
6102:
6101:
6099:
6097:
6082:
6076:
6075:
6073:
6067:. Archived from
6066:
6040:
6031:
6025:
6022:
6016:
6015:
6013:
6011:
6006:on 23 April 2013
6005:
5999:. Archived from
5970:
5957:
5951:
5950:
5914:
5908:
5907:
5897:
5887:
5855:
5846:
5845:
5835:
5825:
5791:
5782:
5781:
5771:
5721:
5715:
5714:
5704:
5694:
5685:(4): 1355–1389.
5668:
5662:
5661:
5612:
5606:
5605:
5595:
5585:
5553:
5547:
5546:
5536:
5526:
5494:
5485:
5484:
5482:
5457:
5451:Ward PS (2007).
5448:
5439:
5438:
5436:
5434:
5393:
5387:
5386:
5384:
5352:
5341:
5340:
5330:
5298:
5289:
5288:
5286:
5284:
5279:. Etymonline.com
5273:
5267:
5266:
5264:
5262:
5257:. Etymonline.com
5251:
5245:
5244:
5226:
5220:
5219:
5217:
5215:
5205:
5199:
5198:
5196:
5194:
5183:
5177:
5171:
5165:
5164:
5154:
5144:
5116:
5107:
5106:
5062:
4869:The Naked Jungle
4748:Book of Proverbs
4662:Sir John Lubbock
4583:banded sugar ant
4579:yellow crazy ant
4487:
4475:
4430:hormigas culonas
4368:Aneuretus simoni
4329:(tocandira) and
4304:surgical sutures
4218:from the birds.
4198:kleptoparasitism
4180:" birds such as
4145:definitive hosts
4038:on ants and are
3959:
3934:
3817:Acacia cornigera
3750:
3722:Chrysobalanaceae
3663:Hyphomicrobiales
3654:Grizzled skipper
3598:
3577:An ant collects
3564:Batesian mimicry
3141:Cerapachys biroi
2868:jack jumper ants
2756:parasitoid wasps
2748:
2452:regions, mainly
2383:Carebara diversa
2046:
2045:
2041:
2038:
2003:: myrmecologist
1989:Hawaiian Islands
1871:
1870:
1795:Paleogene period
1636:
1635:
1576:
1575:
1512:
1511:
1492:
1491:
1485:
1484:
1402:
1401:
1360:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1299:Heteroponerinae
1280:
1279:
1260:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1231:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1117:
1116:
1094:
1093:
1038:
1037:
992:
991:
985:
984:
977:
976:
952:Rhopalosomatidae
930:
929:
922:
921:
899:
898:
889:
888:
884:
880:
735:
727:
719:
711:
703:
691:
677:
670:, "off, away" +
668:
656:
647:
636:
625:
614:
606:
591:
579:
571:
547:invasive species
432:, belong to the
390:
384:Pseudomyrmecinae
358:Nothomyrmeciinae
332:
319:
296:
229:
215:
143:
142:
122:
104:
41:
34:Temporal range:
28:
27:
17180:
17179:
17175:
17174:
17173:
17171:
17170:
17169:
17140:
17139:
17138:
17133:
17125:
17120:
17112:
17107:
17099:
17094:
17086:
17081:
17073:
17071:
17063:
17058:
17050:
17045:
17037:
17032:
17024:
17019:
17011:
17006:
16998:
16993:
16985:
16980:
16972:
16967:
16959:
16954:
16946:
16941:
16933:
16928:
16920:
16915:
16907:
16902:
16894:
16889:
16881:
16876:
16867:
16866:
16861:
16852:
16851:
16846:
16833:
16823:
16818:
16783:Bert Hölldobler
16757:Karl von Frisch
16750:Pioneers, works
16745:
16724:
16595:
16586:
16580:Worker policing
16565:Social conflict
16545:Kin recognition
16530:Group selection
16516:Social insects
16495:
16490:
16460:
16455:
16424:
16414:Haidomyrmecinae
16383:
16339:Heteroponerinae
16278:
16240:
16234:
16204:
16199:
16173:
16089:
16088:
16086:
16074:
16008:
16007:
16005:
15986:
15965:
15960:(scoliid wasps)
15944:
15902:
15868:
15863:(tiphiid wasps)
15856:Bradynobaenidae
15842:
15813:
15758:
15756:
15754:
15752:
15750:
15748:
15746:
15735:
15717:
15699:
15681:
15646:
15459:Cynipencyrtidae
15381:(chalcid wasps)
15380:
15379:
15377:
15369:
15357:Mymarommatoidea
15351:
15313:
15279:Proctorenyxidae
15264:
15263:
15260:Proctotrupoidea
15254:
15222:Austrocynipidae
15208:
15166:Platygastroidea
15151:
15128:
15094:
15092:
15090:
15088:
15086:
15084:
15082:
15080:
15078:
15066:
15064:
15062:
15060:
15058:
15056:
15054:
15039:
15018:
15013:(stem sawflies)
14997:
14976:
14947:
14921:
14907:
14900:Tenthredinidae
14870:(fern sawflies)
14852:Tenthredinoidea
14837:
14835:
14833:
14831:
14829:
14827:
14825:
14817:
14773:
14766:
14684:
14679:
14673:
14656:
14650:
14635:
14629:
14616:
14612:
14610:Further reading
14602:
14583:
14577:
14564:
14561:
14556:
14555:
14524:
14520:
14510:
14508:
14507:on 11 June 2009
14499:
14498:
14494:
14457:
14453:
14438:
14434:
14391:
14387:
14377:
14375:
14373:
14351:
14347:
14325:
14321:
14278:
14274:
14263:
14259:
14226:
14222:
14214:
14203:
14197:
14193:
14180:
14178:
14174:
14167:
14163:
14144:
14140:
14123:
14122:
14118:
14111:
14103:
14099:
14088:
14084:
14068:10.2307/3496231
14047:
14043:
14020:
14016:
14009:
13995:
13991:
13978:(90): 110–112.
13968:
13964:
13954:
13952:
13947:
13946:
13939:
13920:
13913:
13900:
13896:
13865:
13861:
13834:
13830:
13795:Ecology Letters
13791:
13787:
13752:Economic Botany
13748:
13744:
13734:
13732:
13728:
13721:
13715:
13711:
13672:
13668:
13621:
13617:
13594:
13574:. Vol. 9.
13556:
13552:
13545:
13520:
13516:
13493:
13489:
13481:
13464:
13458:
13454:
13449:
13445:
13438:10.1139/z99-004
13420:
13416:
13409:10.1890/04-1133
13385:
13381:
13350:
13346:
13336:
13334:
13330:
13315:
13309:
13305:
13282:
13278:
13253:
13249:
13204:
13200:
13157:
13153:
13143:
13141:
13140:on 9 March 2021
13126:10.2307/3494966
13106:
13102:
13052:
13046:
13042:
13027:
13023:
13015:
13000:10.2307/3496570
12980:
12974:
12967:
12952:
12948:
12925:
12921:
12878:
12874:
12859:10.2307/2389958
12835:
12831:
12821:
12819:
12817:
12799:
12795:
12776:
12772:
12735:
12731:
12692:
12688:
12673:
12669:
12636:
12632:
12616:10.1.1.530.1306
12591:
12587:
12556:
12549:
12501:
12495:
12491:
12446:
12442:
12395:
12391:
12346:
12342:
12293:
12289:
12228:
12224:
12217:
12195:
12191:
12176:10.2307/2443499
12160:
12156:
12109:
12105:
12060:
12056:
12032:10.1038/434973a
12003:
11999:
11942:
11938:
11885:
11881:
11850:
11846:
11827:
11823:
11790:
11786:
11747:
11743:
11698:
11694:
11686:
11671:10.2307/3495552
11653:
11647:
11643:
11628:10.2307/2387854
11604:
11600:
11552:
11546:
11542:
11537:
11533:
11486:
11482:
11433:
11429:
11382:
11378:
11326:
11322:
11285:
11281:
11252:
11248:
11223:
11219:
11180:
11176:
11121:
11117:
11109:
11062:
11056:
11052:
11015:
11011:
10964:
10960:
10953:
10931:
10927:
10880:
10876:
10841:
10837:
10816:(10): 835–846.
10802:
10798:
10753:
10749:
10702:
10698:
10664:
10654:
10650:
10610:
10604:
10600:
10590:
10588:
10584:
10545:
10539:
10535:
10525:
10523:
10522:on 27 July 2011
10519:
10488:
10482:
10478:
10470:
10423:
10417:
10413:
10390:
10381:
10373:
10332:
10326:
10322:
10267:
10263:
10216:
10212:
10164:
10160:
10115:
10111:
10080:
10076:
10021:
10017:
9982:
9978:
9951:
9947:
9942:
9938:
9901:Biology Letters
9893:
9889:
9844:Current Biology
9836:
9832:
9808:10.1038/439153a
9779:
9775:
9740:
9736:
9699:(12): 563–565.
9689:
9685:
9650:
9646:
9597:
9593:
9556:Current Biology
9548:
9544:
9482:
9478:
9423:
9419:
9384:
9380:
9341:
9337:
9297:
9291:
9284:
9229:
9225:
9217:
9186:
9172:
9168:
9113:
9104:
9073:
9069:
9038:
9034:
8979:
8975:
8944:
8940:
8909:
8905:
8882:
8878:
8837:
8833:
8794:
8790:
8785:
8781:
8742:
8738:
8731:
8717:
8713:
8685:Acta Ethologica
8680:
8676:
8668:
8640:(12): 579–581.
8629:
8623:
8619:
8574:Current Biology
8566:
8559:
8516:
8512:
8485:
8481:
8428:
8424:
8389:
8385:
8330:
8326:
8283:
8279:
8272:
8258:
8254:
8209:
8205:
8152:
8148:
8143:
8134:
8108:
8098:
8094:
8084:
8082:
8074:
8068:
8064:
8021:
8017:
7994:
7990:
7935:
7931:
7896:
7892:
7882:
7880:
7876:
7837:
7831:
7827:
7812:
7808:
7801:
7778:
7771:
7738:
7734:
7691:
7687:
7640:
7636:
7603:
7599:
7576:
7572:
7567:
7563:
7544:
7540:
7533:
7519:
7515:
7508:
7486:
7482:
7447:
7440:
7385:
7381:
7330:
7326:
7281:
7277:
7222:
7218:
7199:
7195:
7160:
7156:
7148:
7123:
7121:and other ants"
7113:
7109:
7101:
7076:
7070:
7066:
7058:
7035:
7025:
7021:
6982:
6978:
6943:
6936:
6926:
6924:
6917:
6913:
6884:
6880:
6827:
6823:
6815:
6790:
6780:
6776:
6739:
6735:
6688:
6684:
6679:
6668:
6607:
6603:
6598:
6594:
6584:
6582:
6567:
6563:
6553:
6551:
6539:
6535:
6528:
6521:
6514:
6492:
6488:
6481:
6467:
6463:
6458:
6454:
6383:
6379:
6369:
6367:
6358:
6357:
6353:
6298:
6294:
6287:
6265:
6261:
6198:
6194:
6184:
6182:
6175:
6171:
6161:
6159:
6158:on 30 July 2008
6144:
6140:
6135:
6131:
6121:
6119:
6110:
6109:
6105:
6095:
6093:
6084:
6083:
6079:
6074:on 30 May 2010.
6071:
6038:
6032:
6028:
6023:
6019:
6009:
6007:
6003:
5968:
5958:
5954:
5915:
5911:
5856:
5849:
5792:
5785:
5722:
5718:
5669:
5665:
5613:
5609:
5554:
5550:
5495:
5488:
5480:
5455:
5449:
5442:
5432:
5430:
5420:
5394:
5390:
5353:
5344:
5307:Current Biology
5299:
5292:
5282:
5280:
5275:
5274:
5270:
5260:
5258:
5253:
5252:
5248:
5241:
5227:
5223:
5213:
5211:
5207:
5206:
5202:
5192:
5190:
5185:
5184:
5180:
5172:
5168:
5127:(1005): 21–55.
5117:
5110:
5063:
5056:
5051:
5021:
5019:Outline of ants
5015:
4996:Master of Orion
4946:science-fiction
4791:Greek mythology
4726:
4713:
4707:
4697:. This area of
4654:model organisms
4633:
4619:
4554:
4548:
4516:notes that the
4388:
4382:
4376:of Madagascar.
4315:Some ants have
4309:Atta cephalotes
4258:
4154:South American
4040:kleptoparasites
3976:were consuming.
3972:that a pair of
3948:
3938:Phidippus audax
3923:
3861:comes from the
3822:Central America
3773:devil's gardens
3756:and collecting
3739:
3686:leafcutter ants
3667:nitrogen-fixing
3588:
3529:
3429:Meat-eater ants
3422:
3378:
3317:
3282:Leafcutter ants
3276:, and indirect
3253:
3247:
3157:
3151:
3108:
2932:. One study of
2825:
2819:
2776:Dufour's glands
2737:
2721:
2715:
2710:
2696:
2690:
2581:
2466:
2443:
2427:jack jumper ant
2353:
2329:
2293:
2199:
2081:
2043:
2039:
2036:
2034:
1880:
1869:
1815:Dominican amber
1764:Zigrasimeciinae
1756:Haidomyrmecinae
1718:
1717:
1702:
1683:
1674:
1665:
1623:
1614:
1605:
1550:
1541:
1471:
1449:
1440:
1431:
1389:
1366:Dolichoderinae
1340:
1318:
1309:
1195:
1186:
1177:
1168:
1159:
1150:
1080:
1071:
1025:
963:
818:
640:Old High German
616:and varieties (
555:
531:human societies
518:relationships.
398:Zigrasimeciinae
339:Heteroponerinae
334:Haidomyrmecinae
260:
251:
228:
216:Latreille, 1809
214:
137:
113:
103:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
36:
35:
32:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
17178:
17168:
17167:
17162:
17157:
17152:
17135:
17134:
17132:
17131:
17118:
17105:
17092:
17079:
17069:
17056:
17043:
17030:
17017:
17004:
16991:
16978:
16969:Fauna Europaea
16965:
16952:
16939:
16926:
16913:
16900:
16887:
16874:
16859:
16843:
16841:
16835:
16834:
16820:
16819:
16817:
16816:
16815:
16814:
16806:
16798:
16785:
16780:
16779:
16778:
16767:
16766:
16765:
16753:
16751:
16747:
16746:
16744:
16743:
16738:
16732:
16730:
16726:
16725:
16723:
16722:
16717:
16716:
16715:
16703:
16702:
16701:
16691:
16690:
16689:
16677:
16676:
16675:
16663:
16662:
16661:
16656:
16654:Dwarf mongoose
16651:
16641:
16640:
16639:
16634:
16629:
16624:
16619:
16614:
16603:
16601:
16597:
16596:
16589:
16587:
16585:
16584:
16583:
16582:
16577:
16572:
16567:
16562:
16557:
16552:
16547:
16542:
16537:
16532:
16527:
16522:
16514:
16509:
16503:
16501:
16497:
16496:
16489:
16488:
16481:
16474:
16466:
16457:
16456:
16454:
16453:
16452:
16451:
16448:incertae sedis
16438:
16436:
16430:
16429:
16426:
16425:
16423:
16422:
16420:Sphecomyrminae
16416:
16410:
16404:
16402:Brownimeciinae
16398:
16391:
16389:
16385:
16384:
16382:
16381:
16376:
16371:
16366:
16361:
16356:
16351:
16346:
16341:
16336:
16331:
16326:
16321:
16319:Dolichoderinae
16316:
16311:
16306:
16301:
16295:
16293:
16286:
16280:
16279:
16277:
16276:
16270:
16264:
16258:
16252:
16245:
16242:
16241:
16233:
16232:
16225:
16218:
16210:
16201:
16200:
16198:
16197:
16190:
16187:
16186:
16183:
16182:
16179:
16178:
16175:
16174:
16172:
16171:
16166:
16161:
16153:
16145:
16137:
16133:stingless bees
16125:carpenter bees
16105:
16096:
16094:
16076:
16075:
16073:
16072:
16064:
16059:
16054:
16052:Pemphredonidae
16049:
16044:
16039:
16034:
16029:
16021:
16015:
16013:
15994:
15988:
15987:
15985:
15984:
15975:
15973:
15967:
15966:
15964:
15963:
15954:
15952:
15946:
15945:
15943:
15942:
15934:
15931:(spider wasps)
15926:
15921:
15912:
15910:
15904:
15903:
15901:
15900:
15892:
15889:(flower wasps)
15884:
15878:
15876:
15870:
15869:
15867:
15866:
15858:
15852:
15850:
15844:
15843:
15841:
15840:
15832:
15823:
15821:
15815:
15814:
15812:
15811:
15806:
15804:Sclerogibbidae
15801:
15796:
15791:
15786:
15783:(cuckoo wasps)
15778:
15772:
15770:
15761:
15741:
15740:
15737:
15736:
15734:
15733:
15727:
15725:
15719:
15718:
15716:
15715:
15709:
15707:
15701:
15700:
15698:
15697:
15691:
15689:
15683:
15682:
15680:
15679:
15677:Gasteruptiidae
15674:
15671:(ensign wasps)
15666:
15660:
15658:
15652:
15651:
15648:
15647:
15645:
15644:
15639:
15634:
15629:
15624:
15619:
15614:
15609:
15604:
15599:
15594:
15592:Pelecinellidae
15589:
15584:
15579:
15574:
15569:
15561:
15556:
15554:Metapelmatidae
15551:
15546:
15541:
15536:
15531:
15526:
15521:
15516:
15514:Hetreulophidae
15511:
15506:
15501:
15496:
15491:
15486:
15481:
15476:
15471:
15466:
15461:
15456:
15451:
15446:
15444:Chrysolampidae
15441:
15436:
15434:Chalcedectidae
15431:
15429:Cerocephalidae
15426:
15421:
15416:
15411:
15406:
15401:
15396:
15387:
15385:
15371:
15370:
15368:
15367:
15365:Mymarommatidae
15361:
15359:
15353:
15352:
15350:
15349:
15344:
15339:
15334:
15329:
15323:
15321:
15315:
15314:
15312:
15311:
15306:
15304:Proctotrupidae
15301:
15296:
15291:
15286:
15281:
15275:
15273:
15256:
15255:
15253:
15252:
15247:
15242:
15237:
15235:Diplolepididae
15232:
15224:
15218:
15216:
15210:
15209:
15207:
15206:
15201:
15196:
15194:Platygastridae
15191:
15186:
15181:
15176:
15174:Geoscelionidae
15170:
15168:
15159:
15153:
15152:
15150:
15149:
15144:
15138:
15136:
15134:Ceraphronoidea
15130:
15129:
15127:
15126:
15121:Ichneumonidae
15118:
15109:
15107:
15105:Ichneumonoidea
15098:
15069:
15049:
15048:
15045:
15044:
15041:
15040:
15038:
15037:
15028:
15026:
15020:
15019:
15017:
15016:
15007:
15005:
14999:
14998:
14996:
14995:
14986:
14984:
14978:
14977:
14975:
14974:
14966:
14957:
14955:
14949:
14948:
14946:
14945:
14937:
14931:
14929:
14923:
14922:
14917:
14915:
14909:
14908:
14906:
14905:
14897:
14889:
14881:
14873:
14865:
14856:
14854:
14841:
14819:
14818:
14816:
14815:
14809:
14803:
14797:
14791:
14785:
14778:
14775:
14774:
14765:
14764:
14757:
14750:
14742:
14736:
14735:
14730:
14725:
14715:
14710:
14705:
14689:Wilson, Andrew
14683:
14682:External links
14680:
14678:
14677:
14671:
14654:
14648:
14633:
14627:
14613:
14611:
14608:
14607:
14606:
14600:
14581:
14575:
14560:
14557:
14554:
14553:
14534:(4): 255–268.
14518:
14492:
14471:(3): 284–291.
14451:
14446:The New Yorker
14432:
14405:(4): 339–356.
14385:
14371:
14361:A Tramp Abroad
14345:
14319:
14292:(4): 204–210.
14272:
14257:
14238:(2): 399–422.
14220:
14191:
14172:
14169:Proverbs 30:25
14161:
14138:
14116:
14097:
14082:
14041:
14014:
14007:
13989:
13962:
13937:
13911:
13894:
13859:
13848:(6): 569–582.
13828:
13801:(6): 650–662.
13785:
13758:(3): 186–194.
13742:
13709:
13666:
13635:(4): 235–238.
13615:
13592:
13578:. p. 10.
13550:
13543:
13514:
13487:
13452:
13443:
13432:(4): 551–561.
13414:
13395:(3): 555–559.
13379:
13360:(1): 103–106.
13344:
13303:
13276:
13247:
13198:
13171:(2): 145–153.
13151:
13100:
13069:10.1086/603640
13063:(3): 424–433.
13040:
13021:
12993:(2): 179–197.
12965:
12946:
12919:
12872:
12845:(6): 642–648.
12829:
12815:
12793:
12770:
12749:(5): 437–447.
12729:
12696:Corydalis cava
12686:
12667:
12654:10.1086/284769
12630:
12601:(3): 481–492.
12585:
12547:
12512:(4): 463–470.
12489:
12440:
12389:
12368:(1): 126–134.
12340:
12326:10252/00005880
12311:(2): 119–124.
12287:
12222:
12215:
12189:
12170:(3): 421–426.
12154:
12119:(4): 522–524.
12103:
12054:
11997:
11936:
11899:(2): 525–534.
11879:
11844:
11821:
11784:
11741:
11692:
11664:(2): 165–193.
11641:
11598:
11540:
11531:
11480:
11453:(3): 253–263.
11427:
11376:
11374:, 9 April 2009
11320:
11299:(3): 431–437.
11279:
11266:(4): 305–309.
11246:
11235:(5): 521–533.
11217:
11190:(3): 561–571.
11174:
11115:
11050:
11009:
10958:
10951:
10925:
10874:
10835:
10806:Atta colombica
10796:
10747:
10696:
10648:
10598:
10587:on 7 July 2011
10556:(8): 579–588.
10533:
10476:
10411:
10379:
10320:
10261:
10210:
10158:
10129:(3): 600–607.
10109:
10090:(2): 279–289.
10074:
10015:
9996:(3): 229–235.
9976:
9965:(2): 164–169.
9945:
9936:
9907:(2): 190–192.
9887:
9830:
9773:
9754:(5): 505–508.
9734:
9683:
9664:(2): 211–218.
9644:
9591:
9542:
9476:
9417:
9398:(4): 353–360.
9378:
9351:(2): 437–442.
9335:
9308:(4): 774–791.
9282:
9223:
9166:
9102:
9067:
9032:
8973:
8938:
8903:
8892:(2): 155–160.
8876:
8849:(5): 293–299.
8831:
8788:
8779:
8736:
8729:
8711:
8674:
8617:
8557:
8530:(6): 341–349.
8510:
8479:
8442:(2): 136–143.
8422:
8403:(5): 925–933.
8383:
8324:
8277:
8271:978-9400931237
8270:
8252:
8203:
8146:
8132:
8092:
8062:
8035:(6): 274–276.
8015:
8004:(3): 229–243.
7988:
7929:
7910:(4): 401–402.
7890:
7879:on 27 May 2011
7848:(2): 135–149.
7825:
7806:
7799:
7769:
7750:(3): 235–246.
7732:
7685:
7656:10.1086/591688
7634:
7597:
7570:
7561:
7552:Myrmecol. News
7538:
7531:
7513:
7506:
7480:
7461:(1): 124–144.
7438:
7379:
7344:(4743): 1278.
7324:
7275:
7216:
7193:
7174:(2): 141–146.
7154:
7134:(4): 283–292.
7107:
7064:
7019:
6998:10.1086/399512
6992:(2): 136–156.
6976:
6957:(3): 473–484.
6934:
6911:
6898:(3): 107–116.
6878:
6821:
6801:(1): 115–131.
6774:
6733:
6682:
6666:
6621:(2): 359–369.
6601:
6592:
6561:
6533:
6519:
6512:
6486:
6479:
6461:
6452:
6377:
6351:
6292:
6285:
6259:
6192:
6169:
6138:
6129:
6103:
6077:
6026:
6017:
5981:10.1206/3755.2
5975:(3755): 1–16.
5952:
5909:
5847:
5783:
5716:
5663:
5607:
5548:
5486:
5440:
5418:
5388:
5342:
5290:
5268:
5246:
5239:
5221:
5200:
5178:
5166:
5108:
5053:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5046:
5045:
5040:
5032:
5027:
5017:Main article:
5014:
5011:
4991:strategy games
4989:. In computer
4957:, the Bugs of
4918:The New Yorker
4842:Bernard Werber
4823:A Tramp Abroad
4793:, the goddess
4777:Hopi mythology
4775:, such as the
4725:
4722:
4709:Main article:
4706:
4703:
4650:myrmecologists
4618:
4615:
4547:
4544:
4526:carpenter ants
4518:Digger Indians
4435:Atta laevigata
4424:department of
4381:
4378:
4302:, are used as
4267:are used as a
4257:
4254:
4082:Ophiocordyceps
3878:Seed dispersal
3840:Beltian bodies
3799:pseudocopulate
3795:Myrmecia urens
3778:Duroia hirsuta
3700:of the family
3642:Myrmecophilous
3528:
3525:
3458:, such as the
3421:
3418:
3377:
3374:
3316:
3313:
3249:Main article:
3246:
3243:
3153:Main article:
3150:
3147:
3133:tandem running
3107:
3104:
2930:animal kingdom
2890:Formicine ants
2851:), located in
2818:
2815:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2695:
2692:
2637:nuptial flight
2623:Most ants are
2580:
2577:
2528:butterfly pupa
2473:Meat eater ant
2465:
2462:
2442:
2439:
2361:leafcutter ant
2352:
2349:
2339:modified into
2328:
2325:
2317:nuptial flight
2292:
2289:
2240:. Compared to
2222:sensory organs
2198:
2195:
2185:consists of a
2183:nervous system
2167:carbon dioxide
2080:
2077:
1963:
1962:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1899:
1893:
1892:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1881:species
1877:
1868:
1865:
1760:Sphecomyrminae
1714:
1713:
1685:
1684:
1680:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1671:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1662:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1642:Leptanillinae
1639:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1582:Amblyoponinae
1579:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1562:Proceratiinae
1559:
1556:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1547:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1531:Paraponerinae
1528:
1525:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1488:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1476:
1473:
1472:
1468:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1356:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1337:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1256:
1251:
1249:
1244:
1242:
1237:
1235:
1229:
1227:
1222:
1220:
1212:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1156:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1120:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1097:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1041:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1003:
1002:
995:
990:
988:
983:
981:
975:
973:
969:
968:
965:
964:
960:
959:
956:
955:
948:
945:
944:
941:
940:
933:
928:
926:
920:
918:
914:
913:
910:
909:
902:
897:
895:
887:
879:
878:
870:Formicapoidina
838:stinging wasps
817:
814:
807:Crimean Gothic
660:Proto-Germanic
583:Middle English
554:
551:
477:superorganisms
465:super colonies
403:
402:
401:
400:
394:
392:Sphecomyrminae
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
351:
346:
341:
336:
328:
323:
315:
310:
305:
303:Dolichoderinae
300:
298:Brownimeciinae
292:
287:
277:
269:
268:
262:
261:
252:
243:
242:
236:
235:
223:
219:
218:
209:
205:
204:
199:
195:
194:
189:
185:
184:
179:
175:
174:
169:
165:
164:
159:
155:
154:
149:
145:
144:
131:
130:
124:
123:
115:
114:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
33:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
17177:
17166:
17163:
17161:
17158:
17156:
17153:
17151:
17148:
17147:
17145:
17128:
17123:
17119:
17115:
17110:
17106:
17102:
17097:
17093:
17089:
17084:
17080:
17076:
17070:
17066:
17061:
17057:
17053:
17048:
17044:
17040:
17035:
17031:
17027:
17022:
17018:
17014:
17009:
17005:
17001:
16996:
16992:
16988:
16983:
16979:
16975:
16970:
16966:
16962:
16957:
16953:
16949:
16944:
16940:
16936:
16931:
16927:
16923:
16918:
16914:
16910:
16905:
16901:
16897:
16892:
16888:
16884:
16879:
16875:
16870:
16864:
16860:
16855:
16849:
16845:
16844:
16842:
16840:
16836:
16832:
16827:
16812:
16811:
16807:
16804:
16803:
16799:
16796:
16795:
16791:
16790:
16789:
16786:
16784:
16781:
16776:
16773:
16772:
16771:
16768:
16763:
16760:
16759:
16758:
16755:
16754:
16752:
16748:
16742:
16739:
16737:
16734:
16733:
16731:
16727:
16721:
16718:
16714:
16713:
16709:
16708:
16707:
16704:
16700:
16697:
16696:
16695:
16692:
16688:
16687:
16683:
16682:
16681:
16678:
16674:
16673:
16669:
16668:
16667:
16664:
16660:
16657:
16655:
16652:
16650:
16647:
16646:
16645:
16642:
16638:
16635:
16633:
16630:
16628:
16625:
16623:
16620:
16618:
16615:
16613:
16610:
16609:
16608:
16605:
16604:
16602:
16598:
16593:
16581:
16578:
16576:
16573:
16571:
16568:
16566:
16563:
16561:
16558:
16556:
16553:
16551:
16550:Kin selection
16548:
16546:
16543:
16541:
16538:
16536:
16535:Haplodiploidy
16533:
16531:
16528:
16526:
16523:
16521:
16518:
16517:
16515:
16513:
16510:
16508:
16505:
16504:
16502:
16498:
16494:
16487:
16482:
16480:
16475:
16473:
16468:
16467:
16464:
16450:
16449:
16445:
16444:
16443:
16440:
16439:
16437:
16435:
16431:
16421:
16417:
16415:
16411:
16409:
16405:
16403:
16399:
16397:
16393:
16392:
16390:
16386:
16380:
16377:
16375:
16374:Proceratiinae
16372:
16370:
16367:
16365:
16364:Paraponerinae
16362:
16360:
16357:
16355:
16352:
16350:
16347:
16345:
16344:Leptanillinae
16342:
16340:
16337:
16335:
16332:
16330:
16327:
16325:
16322:
16320:
16317:
16315:
16312:
16310:
16307:
16305:
16304:Amblyoponinae
16302:
16300:
16297:
16296:
16294:
16290:
16287:
16285:
16281:
16275:
16271:
16269:
16265:
16263:
16259:
16257:
16253:
16251:
16247:
16246:
16243:
16238:
16231:
16226:
16224:
16219:
16217:
16212:
16211:
16208:
16196:
16192:
16191:
16188:
16170:
16169:Stenotritidae
16167:
16165:
16162:
16160:
16156:Megachilidae
16154:
16152:
16146:
16144:
16138:
16134:
16130:
16126:
16122:
16118:
16114:
16109:
16106:
16104:
16098:
16097:
16095:
16085:
16081:
16071:
16065:
16063:
16060:
16058:
16055:
16053:
16050:
16048:
16045:
16043:
16040:
16038:
16035:
16033:
16030:
16028:
16022:
16020:
16017:
16016:
16014:
16004:
16003:
15998:
15995:
15993:
15989:
15983:
15977:
15976:
15974:
15972:
15968:
15962:
15956:
15955:
15953:
15951:
15947:
15941:
15935:
15933:
15927:
15925:
15922:
15920:
15918:(velvet ants)
15914:
15913:
15911:
15909:
15905:
15899:
15893:
15891:
15885:
15883:
15880:
15879:
15877:
15875:
15871:
15865:
15859:
15857:
15854:
15853:
15851:
15849:
15845:
15839:
15833:
15831:
15825:
15824:
15822:
15820:
15816:
15810:
15809:Scolebythidae
15807:
15805:
15802:
15800:
15797:
15795:
15792:
15790:
15787:
15785:
15779:
15777:
15774:
15773:
15771:
15769:
15765:
15762:
15760:
15742:
15732:
15729:
15728:
15726:
15724:
15723:Trigonaloidea
15720:
15714:
15711:
15710:
15708:
15706:
15702:
15696:
15693:
15692:
15690:
15688:
15684:
15678:
15675:
15673:
15667:
15665:
15662:
15661:
15659:
15657:
15653:
15643:
15640:
15638:
15635:
15633:
15632:Tetracampidae
15630:
15628:
15625:
15623:
15620:
15618:
15615:
15613:
15612:Signiphoridae
15610:
15608:
15605:
15603:
15600:
15598:
15595:
15593:
15590:
15588:
15585:
15583:
15580:
15578:
15575:
15573:
15572:Neanastatidae
15570:
15568:
15562:
15560:
15557:
15555:
15552:
15550:
15547:
15545:
15544:Megastigmidae
15542:
15540:
15537:
15535:
15532:
15530:
15527:
15525:
15522:
15520:
15517:
15515:
15512:
15510:
15507:
15505:
15502:
15500:
15497:
15495:
15492:
15490:
15487:
15485:
15482:
15480:
15477:
15475:
15472:
15470:
15467:
15465:
15462:
15460:
15457:
15455:
15452:
15450:
15447:
15445:
15442:
15440:
15437:
15435:
15432:
15430:
15427:
15425:
15422:
15420:
15417:
15415:
15412:
15410:
15409:Baeomorphidae
15407:
15405:
15402:
15400:
15397:
15395:
15389:
15388:
15386:
15376:
15372:
15366:
15363:
15362:
15360:
15358:
15354:
15348:
15345:
15343:
15340:
15338:
15335:
15333:
15330:
15328:
15325:
15324:
15322:
15320:
15316:
15310:
15307:
15305:
15302:
15300:
15297:
15295:
15292:
15290:
15287:
15285:
15282:
15280:
15277:
15276:
15274:
15268:
15261:
15257:
15251:
15248:
15246:
15243:
15241:
15238:
15236:
15233:
15231:
15225:
15223:
15220:
15219:
15217:
15215:
15211:
15205:
15204:Sparasionidae
15202:
15200:
15197:
15195:
15192:
15190:
15187:
15185:
15182:
15180:
15179:Janzenellidae
15177:
15175:
15172:
15171:
15169:
15167:
15163:
15160:
15158:
15154:
15148:
15145:
15143:
15142:Ceraphronidae
15140:
15139:
15137:
15135:
15131:
15125:
15119:
15117:
15111:
15110:
15108:
15106:
15102:
15099:
15097:
15096:
15073:
15070:
15068:
15050:
15036:
15030:
15029:
15027:
15025:
15021:
15015:
15009:
15008:
15006:
15004:
15000:
14994:
14990:Xiphydriidae
14988:
14987:
14985:
14983:
14982:Xiphydrioidea
14979:
14973:
14967:
14965:
14959:
14958:
14956:
14954:
14950:
14944:
14940:Pamphiliidae
14938:
14936:
14933:
14932:
14930:
14928:
14927:Pamphilioidea
14924:
14920:
14916:
14914:
14910:
14904:
14898:
14896:
14890:
14888:
14882:
14880:
14874:
14872:
14866:
14864:
14858:
14857:
14855:
14853:
14849:
14845:
14842:
14840:
14839:
14820:
14814:
14810:
14808:
14804:
14802:
14798:
14796:
14792:
14790:
14786:
14784:
14780:
14779:
14776:
14771:
14763:
14758:
14756:
14751:
14749:
14744:
14743:
14740:
14734:
14731:
14729:
14726:
14723:
14719:
14716:
14714:
14711:
14709:
14706:
14702:
14701:
14695:
14690:
14686:
14685:
14674:
14668:
14663:
14662:
14655:
14651:
14645:
14641:
14640:
14634:
14630:
14624:
14620:
14615:
14614:
14603:
14597:
14593:
14589:
14588:
14582:
14578:
14572:
14568:
14563:
14562:
14549:
14545:
14541:
14537:
14533:
14529:
14522:
14506:
14502:
14496:
14488:
14484:
14479:
14474:
14470:
14466:
14462:
14455:
14447:
14443:
14436:
14428:
14424:
14420:
14416:
14412:
14408:
14404:
14400:
14396:
14389:
14374:
14368:
14363:
14362:
14356:
14349:
14343:
14339:
14335:
14332:
14328:
14323:
14315:
14311:
14307:
14303:
14299:
14295:
14291:
14287:
14283:
14276:
14268:
14261:
14253:
14249:
14245:
14241:
14237:
14233:
14232:
14224:
14213:
14209:
14202:
14195:
14188:
14187:Muhammad Asad
14183:
14176:
14170:
14165:
14157:
14153:
14149:
14142:
14134:
14130:
14126:
14120:
14107:
14101:
14093:
14086:
14078:
14074:
14069:
14064:
14060:
14056:
14052:
14045:
14037:
14033:
14029:
14025:
14018:
14010:
14004:
14000:
13993:
13985:
13981:
13977:
13973:
13966:
13950:
13944:
13942:
13933:
13929:
13925:
13918:
13916:
13907:
13906:
13898:
13890:
13886:
13882:
13878:
13874:
13870:
13863:
13855:
13851:
13847:
13843:
13839:
13832:
13824:
13820:
13816:
13812:
13808:
13804:
13800:
13796:
13789:
13781:
13777:
13773:
13769:
13765:
13761:
13757:
13753:
13746:
13727:
13720:
13713:
13705:
13701:
13697:
13693:
13689:
13685:
13681:
13677:
13670:
13662:
13658:
13653:
13648:
13643:
13638:
13634:
13630:
13626:
13619:
13611:
13607:
13603:
13602:10008253//r88
13599:
13595:
13589:
13585:
13581:
13577:
13573:
13568:
13566:
13560:
13554:
13546:
13540:
13536:
13531:
13530:
13524:
13518:
13510:
13506:
13502:
13498:
13491:
13480:
13476:
13472:
13471:
13463:
13456:
13447:
13439:
13435:
13431:
13427:
13426:
13418:
13410:
13406:
13402:
13398:
13394:
13390:
13383:
13375:
13371:
13367:
13363:
13359:
13355:
13348:
13329:
13325:
13321:
13314:
13307:
13299:
13295:
13291:
13287:
13280:
13272:
13268:
13265:(1): 75–101.
13264:
13260:
13259:
13251:
13243:
13239:
13234:
13229:
13225:
13221:
13218:(1): 202118.
13217:
13213:
13209:
13202:
13194:
13190:
13186:
13182:
13178:
13174:
13170:
13166:
13162:
13155:
13139:
13135:
13131:
13127:
13123:
13120:(1): 43–451.
13119:
13115:
13111:
13104:
13096:
13092:
13088:
13084:
13079:
13074:
13070:
13066:
13062:
13058:
13051:
13044:
13037:(3): 116–117.
13036:
13032:
13025:
13014:
13010:
13006:
13001:
12996:
12992:
12988:
12987:
12979:
12972:
12970:
12961:
12957:
12950:
12942:
12938:
12934:
12932:
12923:
12915:
12911:
12907:
12903:
12899:
12895:
12891:
12887:
12883:
12876:
12868:
12864:
12860:
12856:
12852:
12848:
12844:
12840:
12833:
12818:
12812:
12808:
12804:
12797:
12789:
12785:
12781:
12774:
12765:
12760:
12756:
12752:
12748:
12744:
12740:
12733:
12725:
12721:
12717:
12713:
12709:
12705:
12701:
12700:Myrmica rubra
12697:
12690:
12682:
12678:
12671:
12663:
12659:
12655:
12651:
12647:
12643:
12642:
12634:
12626:
12622:
12617:
12612:
12608:
12604:
12600:
12596:
12589:
12581:
12577:
12573:
12569:
12565:
12561:
12554:
12552:
12543:
12539:
12535:
12531:
12527:
12523:
12519:
12515:
12511:
12507:
12500:
12493:
12485:
12481:
12476:
12471:
12467:
12463:
12459:
12455:
12451:
12444:
12436:
12432:
12428:
12424:
12420:
12416:
12412:
12408:
12405:(12): 16181.
12404:
12400:
12399:Nature Plants
12393:
12384:
12379:
12375:
12371:
12367:
12363:
12359:
12357:
12353:
12344:
12336:
12332:
12327:
12322:
12318:
12314:
12310:
12306:
12302:
12300:
12291:
12283:
12279:
12274:
12269:
12265:
12261:
12257:
12253:
12249:
12245:
12241:
12237:
12233:
12226:
12218:
12216:9783319582917
12212:
12208:
12204:
12200:
12193:
12185:
12181:
12177:
12173:
12169:
12165:
12158:
12150:
12146:
12142:
12138:
12134:
12130:
12126:
12122:
12118:
12114:
12107:
12099:
12095:
12090:
12085:
12081:
12077:
12073:
12069:
12065:
12058:
12050:
12046:
12042:
12038:
12033:
12028:
12024:
12020:
12017:(7036): 973.
12016:
12012:
12008:
12001:
11993:
11989:
11984:
11979:
11975:
11971:
11967:
11963:
11959:
11955:
11951:
11947:
11940:
11932:
11928:
11923:
11918:
11914:
11910:
11906:
11902:
11898:
11894:
11890:
11883:
11875:
11871:
11867:
11863:
11859:
11855:
11848:
11840:
11836:
11832:
11825:
11817:
11813:
11809:
11805:
11801:
11797:
11796:
11788:
11779:
11774:
11770:
11766:
11765:
11760:
11758:
11754:
11745:
11737:
11733:
11728:
11723:
11719:
11715:
11711:
11707:
11703:
11696:
11685:
11681:
11677:
11672:
11667:
11663:
11659:
11652:
11645:
11637:
11633:
11629:
11625:
11621:
11617:
11613:
11609:
11602:
11594:
11590:
11586:
11582:
11578:
11574:
11570:
11566:
11562:
11558:
11551:
11544:
11535:
11527:
11523:
11519:
11515:
11511:
11507:
11503:
11499:
11495:
11493:
11484:
11476:
11472:
11468:
11464:
11460:
11456:
11452:
11448:
11447:
11442:
11440:
11431:
11423:
11419:
11415:
11411:
11407:
11403:
11399:
11395:
11391:
11387:
11380:
11373:
11372:
11371:New Scientist
11365:
11361:
11357:
11353:
11348:
11343:
11339:
11335:
11331:
11324:
11316:
11312:
11307:
11302:
11298:
11294:
11290:
11283:
11274:
11269:
11265:
11261:
11257:
11250:
11242:
11238:
11234:
11230:
11229:
11221:
11213:
11209:
11205:
11201:
11197:
11193:
11189:
11185:
11178:
11170:
11166:
11161:
11156:
11151:
11146:
11142:
11138:
11134:
11130:
11126:
11119:
11108:
11104:
11100:
11096:
11092:
11088:
11084:
11080:
11076:
11072:
11068:
11061:
11054:
11046:
11042:
11038:
11034:
11030:
11026:
11025:
11020:
11013:
11005:
11001:
10996:
10991:
10986:
10981:
10977:
10973:
10969:
10962:
10954:
10948:
10944:
10939:
10938:
10929:
10921:
10917:
10913:
10909:
10905:
10901:
10897:
10893:
10889:
10885:
10878:
10870:
10866:
10862:
10858:
10854:
10850:
10846:
10839:
10831:
10827:
10823:
10819:
10815:
10811:
10807:
10800:
10792:
10788:
10784:
10780:
10775:
10770:
10766:
10762:
10758:
10751:
10743:
10739:
10734:
10729:
10724:
10719:
10715:
10711:
10707:
10700:
10692:
10688:
10684:
10680:
10676:
10672:
10671:
10663:
10661:
10652:
10644:
10640:
10636:
10632:
10628:
10624:
10620:
10616:
10609:
10602:
10583:
10579:
10575:
10571:
10567:
10563:
10559:
10555:
10551:
10544:
10537:
10518:
10514:
10510:
10506:
10502:
10498:
10494:
10487:
10480:
10469:
10465:
10461:
10457:
10453:
10449:
10445:
10441:
10437:
10433:
10429:
10422:
10415:
10407:
10403:
10399:
10395:
10388:
10386:
10384:
10372:
10368:
10364:
10359:
10358:10.1038/19619
10354:
10350:
10346:
10342:
10338:
10331:
10324:
10316:
10312:
10307:
10302:
10297:
10292:
10288:
10284:
10280:
10276:
10272:
10265:
10257:
10253:
10248:
10243:
10238:
10233:
10229:
10225:
10221:
10214:
10206:
10202:
10198:
10194:
10190:
10186:
10182:
10178:
10174:
10170:
10162:
10154:
10150:
10146:
10142:
10137:
10132:
10128:
10124:
10120:
10113:
10105:
10101:
10097:
10093:
10089:
10085:
10078:
10070:
10066:
10061:
10056:
10052:
10048:
10043:
10038:
10034:
10030:
10029:F1000Research
10026:
10019:
10011:
10007:
10003:
9999:
9995:
9991:
9987:
9980:
9972:
9968:
9964:
9960:
9956:
9949:
9940:
9932:
9928:
9923:
9918:
9914:
9910:
9906:
9902:
9898:
9891:
9883:
9879:
9875:
9871:
9866:
9861:
9857:
9853:
9849:
9845:
9841:
9834:
9826:
9822:
9818:
9814:
9809:
9804:
9800:
9796:
9793:(7073): 153.
9792:
9788:
9784:
9777:
9769:
9765:
9761:
9757:
9753:
9749:
9745:
9738:
9730:
9726:
9722:
9718:
9714:
9710:
9706:
9702:
9698:
9694:
9687:
9679:
9675:
9671:
9667:
9663:
9659:
9655:
9648:
9640:
9636:
9631:
9626:
9622:
9618:
9614:
9610:
9606:
9604:
9595:
9587:
9583:
9578:
9573:
9569:
9565:
9561:
9557:
9553:
9546:
9538:
9534:
9529:
9524:
9520:
9516:
9512:
9508:
9504:
9500:
9496:
9492:
9488:
9480:
9472:
9468:
9463:
9458:
9453:
9448:
9444:
9440:
9436:
9432:
9428:
9421:
9413:
9409:
9405:
9401:
9397:
9393:
9389:
9388:Atta mexicana
9382:
9374:
9370:
9366:
9362:
9358:
9354:
9350:
9346:
9339:
9331:
9327:
9323:
9319:
9315:
9311:
9307:
9303:
9296:
9289:
9287:
9278:
9274:
9270:
9266:
9262:
9258:
9254:
9250:
9246:
9242:
9238:
9234:
9227:
9216:
9212:
9208:
9204:
9200:
9196:
9192:
9185:
9183:
9179:
9170:
9162:
9158:
9153:
9148:
9143:
9138:
9134:
9130:
9126:
9122:
9118:
9111:
9109:
9107:
9098:
9094:
9090:
9086:
9082:
9078:
9071:
9063:
9059:
9055:
9051:
9047:
9043:
9036:
9028:
9024:
9020:
9016:
9012:
9008:
9004:
9000:
8996:
8992:
8988:
8986:
8977:
8969:
8965:
8961:
8957:
8953:
8949:
8942:
8934:
8930:
8926:
8922:
8918:
8914:
8907:
8899:
8895:
8891:
8887:
8880:
8872:
8868:
8864:
8860:
8856:
8852:
8848:
8844:
8843:
8835:
8827:
8823:
8819:
8815:
8811:
8807:
8803:
8799:
8792:
8783:
8775:
8771:
8767:
8763:
8759:
8755:
8751:
8747:
8740:
8732:
8726:
8722:
8715:
8707:
8703:
8699:
8695:
8691:
8687:
8686:
8678:
8667:
8663:
8659:
8655:
8651:
8647:
8643:
8639:
8635:
8628:
8621:
8613:
8609:
8605:
8601:
8596:
8591:
8587:
8583:
8579:
8575:
8571:
8564:
8562:
8553:
8549:
8545:
8541:
8537:
8533:
8529:
8525:
8521:
8514:
8506:
8502:
8498:
8494:
8490:
8483:
8475:
8471:
8466:
8461:
8457:
8453:
8449:
8445:
8441:
8437:
8433:
8426:
8418:
8414:
8410:
8406:
8402:
8398:
8394:
8387:
8379:
8375:
8370:
8365:
8361:
8357:
8352:
8347:
8343:
8339:
8335:
8328:
8320:
8316:
8312:
8308:
8304:
8300:
8296:
8292:
8288:
8281:
8273:
8267:
8263:
8256:
8248:
8244:
8239:
8234:
8230:
8226:
8222:
8218:
8214:
8207:
8199:
8195:
8190:
8185:
8181:
8177:
8173:
8169:
8165:
8161:
8157:
8150:
8141:
8139:
8137:
8127:
8122:
8118:
8114:
8107:
8105:
8096:
8080:
8073:
8066:
8058:
8054:
8050:
8046:
8042:
8038:
8034:
8030:
8026:
8019:
8011:
8007:
8003:
7999:
7992:
7984:
7980:
7975:
7970:
7965:
7960:
7956:
7952:
7948:
7944:
7940:
7933:
7925:
7921:
7917:
7913:
7909:
7905:
7901:
7894:
7875:
7871:
7867:
7863:
7859:
7855:
7851:
7847:
7843:
7836:
7829:
7822:(2): 198–217.
7821:
7817:
7810:
7802:
7796:
7792:
7788:
7787:
7782:
7776:
7774:
7765:
7761:
7757:
7753:
7749:
7745:
7744:
7736:
7728:
7724:
7720:
7716:
7712:
7708:
7704:
7700:
7696:
7689:
7681:
7677:
7673:
7669:
7665:
7661:
7657:
7653:
7649:
7645:
7638:
7629:
7624:
7620:
7616:
7612:
7610:
7601:
7593:
7589:
7585:
7581:
7574:
7565:
7557:
7553:
7549:
7542:
7534:
7528:
7524:
7517:
7509:
7503:
7499:
7494:
7493:
7484:
7476:
7472:
7468:
7464:
7460:
7456:
7452:
7445:
7443:
7434:
7430:
7425:
7420:
7415:
7410:
7406:
7402:
7398:
7394:
7390:
7383:
7375:
7371:
7367:
7363:
7359:
7355:
7351:
7347:
7343:
7339:
7335:
7328:
7320:
7316:
7311:
7306:
7302:
7298:
7294:
7290:
7286:
7279:
7271:
7267:
7262:
7257:
7252:
7247:
7243:
7239:
7235:
7231:
7227:
7220:
7213:(2): 347–350.
7212:
7208:
7204:
7197:
7189:
7185:
7181:
7177:
7173:
7169:
7165:
7158:
7147:
7142:
7137:
7133:
7129:
7122:
7120:
7111:
7100:
7095:
7090:
7087:(2): 93–103.
7086:
7082:
7075:
7068:
7057:
7053:
7049:
7045:
7041:
7034:
7032:
7023:
7015:
7011:
7007:
7003:
6999:
6995:
6991:
6987:
6980:
6972:
6968:
6964:
6960:
6956:
6952:
6948:
6941:
6939:
6922:
6915:
6906:
6901:
6897:
6893:
6889:
6882:
6874:
6870:
6865:
6860:
6856:
6852:
6848:
6844:
6840:
6836:
6832:
6825:
6814:
6809:
6804:
6800:
6796:
6789:
6787:
6778:
6770:
6766:
6761:
6756:
6752:
6748:
6744:
6737:
6729:
6725:
6721:
6717:
6713:
6709:
6705:
6701:
6697:
6693:
6686:
6677:
6675:
6673:
6671:
6662:
6658:
6654:
6650:
6645:
6640:
6636:
6632:
6628:
6624:
6620:
6616:
6612:
6605:
6596:
6580:
6576:
6572:
6565:
6550:
6546:
6545:
6537:
6531:
6526:
6524:
6515:
6509:
6505:
6501:
6497:
6490:
6482:
6476:
6472:
6465:
6456:
6448:
6444:
6440:
6436:
6431:
6426:
6422:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6404:
6400:
6396:
6392:
6388:
6381:
6365:
6361:
6355:
6347:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6319:
6315:
6311:
6307:
6303:
6296:
6288:
6282:
6278:
6273:
6272:
6263:
6255:
6251:
6246:
6241:
6237:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6219:
6215:
6211:
6207:
6203:
6196:
6180:
6173:
6157:
6153:
6149:
6142:
6133:
6117:
6113:
6107:
6091:
6087:
6081:
6070:
6065:
6060:
6056:
6052:
6048:
6044:
6037:
6030:
6021:
6002:
5998:
5994:
5990:
5986:
5982:
5978:
5974:
5967:
5965:
5956:
5948:
5944:
5940:
5936:
5932:
5928:
5924:
5920:
5913:
5905:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5877:
5873:
5869:
5865:
5861:
5854:
5852:
5843:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5815:
5811:
5807:
5803:
5802:
5797:
5790:
5788:
5779:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5761:
5757:
5753:
5749:
5745:
5741:
5737:
5733:
5732:
5727:
5720:
5712:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5684:
5680:
5679:
5674:
5667:
5659:
5655:
5651:
5647:
5643:
5639:
5635:
5631:
5627:
5623:
5622:
5617:
5611:
5603:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5575:
5571:
5567:
5563:
5559:
5552:
5544:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5516:
5512:
5508:
5504:
5500:
5493:
5491:
5479:
5475:
5471:
5467:
5463:
5462:
5454:
5447:
5445:
5429:
5425:
5421:
5415:
5411:
5407:
5403:
5399:
5392:
5383:
5378:
5374:
5370:
5367:(1): e11082.
5366:
5362:
5358:
5351:
5349:
5347:
5338:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5320:
5316:
5312:
5308:
5304:
5297:
5295:
5278:
5272:
5256:
5250:
5242:
5236:
5232:
5225:
5210:
5204:
5188:
5182:
5175:
5170:
5162:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5134:
5130:
5126:
5122:
5115:
5113:
5104:
5100:
5096:
5092:
5088:
5084:
5080:
5076:
5072:
5068:
5061:
5059:
5054:
5044:
5041:
5038:
5037:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5022:
5020:
5010:
5008:
5004:
5003:
4998:
4997:
4992:
4988:
4987:
4982:
4979:' super hero
4978:
4977:Marvel Comics
4975:
4973:
4968:
4967:
4962:
4961:
4956:
4955:
4950:
4947:
4942:
4940:
4936:
4935:
4929:
4927:
4926:Auguste Forel
4924:
4920:
4919:
4914:
4911:
4910:myrmecologist
4907:
4905:
4900:
4899:
4898:Ferdy the Ant
4894:
4893:
4888:
4887:
4886:The Ant Bully
4882:
4881:
4876:
4875:
4870:
4866:
4865:
4860:
4858:
4853:
4849:
4848:
4843:
4839:
4838:
4833:
4829:
4825:
4824:
4819:
4811:
4806:
4802:
4800:
4796:
4792:
4788:
4784:
4783:
4778:
4774:
4769:
4765:
4761:
4757:
4753:
4749:
4745:
4738:
4734:
4730:
4721:
4718:
4712:
4702:
4700:
4696:
4692:
4687:
4685:
4684:
4679:
4675:
4674:kin selection
4671:
4667:
4663:
4659:
4655:
4651:
4643:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4628:
4624:
4614:
4612:
4608:
4604:
4600:
4596:
4592:
4588:
4584:
4580:
4576:
4572:
4571:Argentine ant
4563:
4558:
4553:
4543:
4541:
4540:
4539:Myrmecocystus
4535:
4531:
4527:
4523:
4519:
4515:
4511:
4506:
4503:
4499:
4495:
4491:
4483:
4479:
4471:
4467:
4463:
4459:
4455:
4454:
4449:
4445:
4441:
4437:
4436:
4431:
4427:
4423:
4419:
4415:
4414:
4405:
4400:
4392:
4387:
4377:
4375:
4374:
4369:
4365:
4359:
4357:
4353:
4349:
4345:
4340:
4338:
4334:
4333:
4328:
4327:
4322:
4318:
4313:
4311:
4310:
4305:
4301:
4296:
4294:
4290:
4286:
4283:. The use of
4282:
4278:
4270:
4266:
4262:
4253:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4240:have special
4239:
4235:
4231:
4227:
4223:
4219:
4217:
4216:ectoparasites
4213:
4209:
4208:
4203:
4199:
4195:
4191:
4187:
4183:
4179:
4178:ant-following
4175:
4174:
4169:
4165:
4163:
4162:
4158:in the genus
4157:
4152:
4150:
4146:
4142:
4141:
4136:
4135:
4126:
4125:
4119:
4115:
4113:
4109:
4108:
4103:
4099:
4094:
4092:
4091:Strepsipteran
4088:
4087:fruiting body
4084:
4083:
4078:
4077:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4058:
4057:
4052:
4048:
4045:
4041:
4037:
4033:
4032:Calliphoridae
4029:
4028:
4022:
4020:
4019:
4014:
4013:
4008:
4007:
4006:A. multipicta
4001:
4000:
3995:
3994:
3989:
3985:
3984:
3975:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3943:
3939:
3918:
3914:
3909:
3905:
3903:
3902:stick insects
3899:
3895:
3890:
3888:
3883:
3879:
3874:
3872:
3871:
3870:Crematogaster
3866:
3865:
3860:
3859:ectosymbiosis
3856:
3855:
3850:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3828:
3823:
3819:
3818:
3813:
3809:
3805:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3791:
3786:
3785:
3780:
3779:
3774:
3770:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3752:Ants tending
3734:
3729:
3725:
3723:
3719:
3718:
3713:
3712:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3698:
3697:Leucocoprinus
3693:
3692:
3691:Leucoagaricus
3687:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3659:endosymbionts
3655:
3651:
3647:
3644:(ant-loving)
3643:
3639:
3637:
3633:
3629:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3584:
3580:
3575:
3571:
3569:
3565:
3561:
3557:
3552:
3544:
3540:
3539:
3533:
3524:
3522:
3521:
3515:
3510:
3507:
3503:
3502:
3496:
3494:
3486:
3485:
3479:
3475:
3473:
3472:
3467:
3466:
3461:
3457:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3434:
3431:feeding on a
3430:
3426:
3417:
3415:
3411:
3408:
3404:
3403:
3396:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3385:
3373:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3358:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3341:
3336:
3332:
3326:
3321:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3305:
3299:
3295:
3294:
3289:
3288:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3267:
3266:honeypot ants
3263:
3262:
3261:Myrmecocystus
3257:
3252:
3242:
3238:
3236:
3235:
3226:
3222:
3220:
3219:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3182:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3163:Leaf nest of
3161:
3156:
3146:
3143:
3142:
3136:
3134:
3130:
3129:
3124:
3117:
3112:
3103:
3101:
3097:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3084:
3083:
3082:C. floridanus
3078:
3077:
3072:
3068:
3066:
3061:
3060:iridomyrmecin
3057:
3053:
3049:
3048:Atta mexicana
3045:
3041:
3040:
3039:necrophoresis
3035:
3031:
3022:
3018:
3016:
3015:acetophenones
3012:
3008:
3004:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2992:
2988:
2986:
2982:
2981:
2976:
2975:
2974:Orectognathus
2970:
2969:
2964:
2960:
2959:
2954:
2950:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2936:
2931:
2927:
2924:
2920:
2919:
2910:
2906:
2901:
2897:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2882:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2866:The sting of
2864:
2862:
2858:
2857:South America
2854:
2850:
2849:
2844:
2836:
2835:
2829:
2824:
2814:
2812:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2767:
2765:
2757:
2753:
2752:white cabbage
2732:
2731:
2725:
2720:
2713:Communication
2705:
2702:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2682:
2672:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2655:Cardiocondyla
2651:
2647:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2629:entomologists
2626:
2621:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2606:
2604:
2600:
2592:
2591:
2585:
2576:
2574:
2570:
2565:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2550:
2544:
2542:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2520:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2474:
2470:
2461:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2438:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2423:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2405:
2400:
2396:
2395:honeypot ants
2392:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2362:
2357:
2348:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2324:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2269:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2226:compound eyes
2223:
2215:
2214:compound eyes
2211:
2207:
2203:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2175:blood vessels
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2147:
2145:
2144:synapomorphic
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2092:
2091:
2085:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2032:
2031:
2025:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1864:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1779:
1777:
1773:
1772:Leptanillinae
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1748:
1744:
1743:
1738:
1734:
1727:
1722:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1701:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1686:
1678:
1677:
1669:
1668:
1660:
1659:
1656:
1651:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1643:
1638:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1618:
1617:
1609:
1608:
1600:
1599:
1596:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1583:
1578:
1577:
1571:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1563:
1558:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1545:
1544:
1536:
1535:
1532:
1527:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1519:
1514:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1499:
1494:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1479:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1466:
1465:
1462:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1444:
1443:
1435:
1434:
1426:
1425:
1422:
1417:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1409:
1404:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1384:
1383:
1380:
1375:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1367:
1362:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1326:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1313:
1312:
1304:
1303:
1300:
1295:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1287:
1286:Ectatomminae
1282:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1267:
1262:
1261:
1255:
1254:
1248:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1233:
1232:
1226:
1225:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1210:
1199:
1198:
1190:
1189:
1181:
1180:
1172:
1171:
1163:
1162:
1154:
1153:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1111:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1088:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1075:
1074:
1066:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1020:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1009:
1008:
1005:
1004:
1001:
1000:
994:
993:
987:
986:
979:
978:
971:
970:
967:
966:
958:
957:
954:
953:
947:
946:
943:
942:
939:
938:
932:
931:
924:
923:
916:
915:
912:
911:
908:
907:
901:
900:
894:
891:
890:
886:
885:
877:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
858:
857:Camelosphecia
853:
852:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
813:
811:
808:
804:
801:
797:
794:
790:
787:
783:
780:
776:
773:
769:
766:
762:
759:
755:
751:
747:
744:
740:
736:
734:
729:, and French
728:
726:
720:
718:
712:
710:
704:
702:
696:
692:
690:
685:
680:
678:
676:
669:
667:
661:
657:
655:
648:
646:
641:
637:
635:
630:
626:
624:
619:
615:
613:
607:
605:
600:
596:
592:
590:
584:
580:
578:
572:
570:
564:
560:
550:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
519:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
480:
478:
474:
470:
466:
461:
456:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
435:
431:
427:
423:
420:
416:
413:
409:
399:
395:
393:
387:
385:
382:
380:
379:Proceratiinae
377:
375:
372:
370:
369:Paraponerinae
367:
365:
362:
359:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
344:Leptanillinae
342:
340:
337:
335:
329:
327:
324:
322:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
293:
291:
288:
285:
281:
280:Amblyoponinae
278:
276:
273:
272:
270:
267:
263:
259:
255:
250:
249:
244:
241:
237:
232:
227:
224:
221:
220:
213:
210:
208:Superfamily:
207:
206:
203:
200:
197:
196:
193:
190:
187:
186:
183:
180:
177:
176:
173:
170:
167:
166:
163:
160:
157:
156:
153:
150:
147:
146:
141:
136:
132:
129:
125:
121:
116:
112:
108:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
40:
29:
26:
22:
16838:
16808:
16800:
16792:
16788:E. O. Wilson
16774:
16761:
16710:
16684:
16680:Thysanoptera
16670:
16611:
16512:Presociality
16446:
16329:Ectatomminae
16273:
16236:
16195:Unicalcarida
16150:(sweat bees)
16102:(mason bees)
16057:Philanthidae
16024:Ampulicidae
16019:Ammoplanidae
16002:Spheciformes
16000:
15978:
15970:
15781:Chrysididae
15768:Chrysidoidea
15731:Trigonalidae
15705:Megalyroidea
15687:Stephanoidea
15617:Spalangiidae
15607:Pteromalidae
15597:Perilampidae
15577:Neodiparidae
15566:(fairyflies)
15539:Macromesidae
15509:Herbertiidae
15479:Eucharitidae
15454:Coelocybidae
15375:Chalcidoidea
15347:Monomachidae
15327:Austroniidae
15309:Vanhorniidae
15299:Peradeniidae
15229:(gall wasps)
15147:Megaspilidae
15075:
14992:(wood wasps)
14961:Anaxyelidae
14884:Diprionidae
14822:
14813:Holometabola
14811:Superorder:
14805:Infraclass:
14770:Hymenopteran
14698:
14660:
14638:
14618:
14586:
14566:
14531:
14527:
14521:
14509:. Retrieved
14505:the original
14495:
14468:
14464:
14454:
14445:
14435:
14402:
14398:
14388:
14376:. Retrieved
14360:
14348:
14330:
14322:
14289:
14285:
14275:
14266:
14260:
14235:
14231:Ethnohistory
14229:
14223:
14212:the original
14207:
14194:
14175:
14164:
14156:the original
14151:
14141:
14133:the original
14128:
14119:
14100:
14091:
14085:
14061:(1): 74–78.
14058:
14054:
14044:
14030:(1): 17–20.
14027:
14023:
14017:
13998:
13992:
13975:
13971:
13965:
13953:. Retrieved
13931:
13927:
13904:
13897:
13872:
13868:
13862:
13845:
13841:
13831:
13798:
13794:
13788:
13755:
13751:
13745:
13733:. Retrieved
13712:
13679:
13675:
13669:
13632:
13628:
13618:
13564:
13553:
13528:
13517:
13500:
13496:
13490:
13479:the original
13474:
13470:EWMA Journal
13468:
13455:
13446:
13429:
13423:
13417:
13392:
13388:
13382:
13357:
13353:
13347:
13335:. Retrieved
13323:
13319:
13306:
13289:
13285:
13279:
13262:
13256:
13250:
13215:
13211:
13201:
13168:
13164:
13160:
13154:
13142:. Retrieved
13138:the original
13117:
13113:
13103:
13060:
13056:
13043:
13034:
13030:
13024:
12990:
12984:
12959:
12949:
12940:
12936:
12930:
12922:
12889:
12885:
12881:
12875:
12842:
12838:
12832:
12820:. Retrieved
12806:
12796:
12787:
12783:
12773:
12746:
12743:Pedobiologia
12742:
12732:
12710:(1): 55–62.
12707:
12703:
12699:
12695:
12689:
12680:
12677:Cunninghamia
12676:
12670:
12645:
12639:
12633:
12598:
12594:
12588:
12566:(1): 43–55.
12563:
12559:
12509:
12505:
12492:
12457:
12453:
12443:
12402:
12398:
12392:
12365:
12361:
12355:
12351:
12343:
12308:
12304:
12298:
12290:
12239:
12235:
12225:
12198:
12192:
12167:
12163:
12157:
12116:
12112:
12106:
12071:
12067:
12057:
12014:
12010:
12000:
11960:(1): 39197.
11957:
11953:
11946:Andersson SG
11939:
11896:
11892:
11882:
11857:
11853:
11847:
11838:
11834:
11824:
11802:(4): 76–82.
11799:
11793:
11787:
11768:
11762:
11756:
11752:
11751:"Effects of
11744:
11709:
11705:
11695:
11661:
11657:
11644:
11611:
11607:
11601:
11560:
11556:
11543:
11534:
11504:(1): 47–49.
11501:
11497:
11491:
11483:
11450:
11444:
11439:Pseudomyrmex
11438:
11430:
11389:
11385:
11379:
11369:
11337:
11333:
11323:
11296:
11292:
11282:
11263:
11259:
11249:
11232:
11226:
11220:
11187:
11183:
11177:
11132:
11128:
11118:
11107:the original
11070:
11066:
11053:
11028:
11022:
11018:
11012:
10975:
10972:PLOS Biology
10971:
10961:
10936:
10928:
10887:
10883:
10877:
10852:
10848:
10838:
10813:
10809:
10805:
10799:
10764:
10760:
10750:
10713:
10709:
10699:
10674:
10668:
10659:
10651:
10618:
10614:
10601:
10589:. Retrieved
10582:the original
10553:
10549:
10536:
10524:. Retrieved
10517:the original
10496:
10492:
10479:
10468:the original
10431:
10427:
10414:
10397:
10393:
10340:
10336:
10323:
10278:
10274:
10264:
10227:
10223:
10213:
10172:
10168:
10161:
10126:
10122:
10112:
10087:
10083:
10077:
10032:
10028:
10018:
9993:
9989:
9988:Wood Ants".
9985:
9979:
9962:
9958:
9954:
9948:
9939:
9904:
9900:
9890:
9847:
9843:
9833:
9790:
9786:
9776:
9751:
9747:
9743:
9737:
9696:
9692:
9686:
9661:
9657:
9653:
9647:
9612:
9608:
9602:
9594:
9559:
9555:
9545:
9494:
9490:
9479:
9434:
9430:
9420:
9395:
9391:
9387:
9381:
9348:
9344:
9338:
9305:
9301:
9244:
9240:
9236:
9232:
9226:
9194:
9190:
9181:
9177:
9169:
9124:
9120:
9080:
9076:
9070:
9045:
9041:
9035:
8994:
8990:
8984:
8976:
8951:
8947:
8941:
8916:
8912:
8906:
8889:
8885:
8879:
8846:
8840:
8834:
8801:
8797:
8791:
8782:
8749:
8745:
8739:
8720:
8714:
8692:(2): 67–82.
8689:
8683:
8677:
8637:
8633:
8620:
8577:
8573:
8527:
8523:
8513:
8496:
8492:
8482:
8439:
8435:
8425:
8400:
8396:
8386:
8341:
8337:
8327:
8294:
8290:
8280:
8261:
8255:
8220:
8216:
8206:
8163:
8159:
8149:
8119:(2): 46–50.
8116:
8112:
8103:
8095:
8083:. Retrieved
8078:
8065:
8032:
8028:
8024:
8018:
8001:
7997:
7991:
7946:
7942:
7932:
7907:
7903:
7899:
7893:
7881:. Retrieved
7874:the original
7845:
7841:
7828:
7819:
7815:
7809:
7785:
7747:
7741:
7735:
7702:
7698:
7688:
7647:
7643:
7637:
7618:
7614:
7608:
7600:
7583:
7579:
7573:
7564:
7555:
7551:
7541:
7522:
7516:
7491:
7483:
7458:
7454:
7396:
7392:
7382:
7341:
7337:
7333:
7327:
7292:
7288:
7278:
7233:
7229:
7219:
7210:
7206:
7202:
7196:
7171:
7167:
7163:
7157:
7146:the original
7131:
7127:
7118:
7110:
7084:
7080:
7067:
7043:
7039:
7030:
7022:
6989:
6985:
6979:
6954:
6950:
6925:. Retrieved
6914:
6895:
6891:
6881:
6838:
6834:
6824:
6798:
6794:
6785:
6777:
6750:
6746:
6736:
6695:
6691:
6685:
6644:10211.1/1549
6618:
6614:
6604:
6595:
6583:. Retrieved
6579:the original
6564:
6552:. Retrieved
6543:
6536:
6495:
6489:
6470:
6464:
6455:
6394:
6390:
6380:
6368:. Retrieved
6364:the original
6354:
6309:
6305:
6295:
6270:
6262:
6209:
6205:
6195:
6183:. Retrieved
6172:
6160:. Retrieved
6156:the original
6151:
6141:
6132:
6120:. Retrieved
6106:
6094:. Retrieved
6080:
6069:the original
6049:(5): 27–53.
6046:
6042:
6029:
6020:
6008:. Retrieved
6001:the original
5972:
5963:
5955:
5922:
5918:
5912:
5867:
5863:
5805:
5799:
5735:
5729:
5719:
5682:
5676:
5666:
5625:
5619:
5610:
5565:
5561:
5551:
5506:
5502:
5465:
5459:
5431:. Retrieved
5401:
5391:
5382:11336/165214
5364:
5360:
5310:
5306:
5281:. Retrieved
5271:
5259:. Retrieved
5249:
5230:
5224:
5212:. Retrieved
5203:
5191:. Retrieved
5181:
5169:
5124:
5070:
5066:
5034:
5000:
4994:
4984:
4970:
4964:
4958:
4954:Ender's Game
4952:
4943:
4932:
4930:
4916:
4913:E. O. Wilson
4902:
4896:
4890:
4884:
4880:A Bug's Life
4878:
4872:
4862:
4855:
4845:
4835:
4828:Robert Frost
4821:
4815:
4782:Pseudomyrmex
4780:
4742:
4739:, 1888–1956
4714:
4695:Ant robotics
4688:
4681:
4670:sociobiology
4647:
4639:
4611:trophallaxis
4591:red wood ant
4567:
4537:
4509:
4507:
4501:
4498:Saville-Kent
4477:
4465:
4451:
4433:
4429:
4411:
4409:
4371:
4367:
4360:
4355:
4351:
4344:South Africa
4341:
4336:
4330:
4324:
4314:
4307:
4297:
4274:
4250:Ursus arctos
4249:
4220:
4207:Pogonomyrmex
4205:
4186:woodcreepers
4171:
4166:
4159:
4153:
4138:
4132:
4130:
4122:
4111:
4105:
4101:
4095:
4080:
4074:
4072:
4066:
4054:
4050:
4025:
4023:
4016:
4010:
4004:
3997:
3991:
3987:
3981:
3979:
3891:
3882:myrmecochory
3875:
3868:
3862:
3854:Squamellaria
3852:
3846:
3825:
3815:
3802:structures,
3794:
3788:
3782:
3776:
3767:
3760:secreted. A
3715:
3709:
3695:
3689:
3684:, including
3646:caterpillars
3640:
3614:
3548:
3536:
3518:
3511:
3505:
3499:
3497:
3490:
3482:
3469:
3463:
3453:
3441:bulldog ants
3438:
3400:
3397:
3392:
3382:
3379:
3353:optical flow
3343:such as the
3338:
3329:
3302:
3291:
3285:
3271:
3259:
3239:
3232:
3231:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3191:
3185:
3180:
3177:
3139:
3137:
3126:
3120:
3093:
3089:
3087:
3080:
3074:
3070:
3063:
3051:
3047:
3037:
3027:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2978:
2972:
2966:
2956:
2940:microseconds
2933:
2918:Odontomachus
2916:
2914:
2879:
2865:
2846:
2840:
2834:Plectroctena
2832:
2811:stridulation
2808:
2800:trophallaxis
2768:
2761:
2754:larvae that
2728:
2700:
2697:
2689:
2677:
2660:
2653:
2652:. The genus
2650:spermathecae
2622:
2607:
2596:
2588:
2579:Reproduction
2566:
2562:
2553:
2545:
2521:
2517:trophic eggs
2509:regurgitates
2505:trophallaxis
2478:
2458:colonisation
2444:
2430:
2420:
2416:
2409:polymorphism
2402:
2398:
2388:
2381:
2366:
2351:Polymorphism
2330:
2294:
2277:air currents
2270:
2265:
2261:
2246:subterranean
2238:polarization
2219:
2148:
2117:. The head,
2096:
2088:
2073:biodiversity
2028:
2026:
2005:E. O. Wilson
1967:Ants have a
1966:
1819:
1811:Baltic amber
1780:
1754:such as the
1740:
1733:E. O. Wilson
1730:
1726:Baltic amber
1709:
1700:paraphyletic
1697:
1655:Martialinae
1654:
1641:
1595:Apomyrminae
1594:
1581:
1561:
1530:
1517:
1497:
1460:
1421:Myrmeciinae
1420:
1407:
1379:Aneuretinae
1378:
1365:
1329:
1298:
1285:
1265:
1217:
1138:
1137:
1122:
1099:
1058:
1043:
1012:
997:
950:
935:
906:Chrysidoidea
904:
855:
849:
819:
809:
802:
800:Middle Dutch
795:
788:
781:
774:
767:
760:
753:
745:
730:
722:
714:
706:
698:
686:
681:
671:
662:
650:
642:
631:
620:
609:
601:
586:
574:
566:
562:
558:
556:
542:
520:
500:co-evolution
481:
457:
441:vespoid wasp
421:
407:
406:
313:Ectatomminae
248:Formica rufa
246:
240:Type species
225:
211:
198:Infraorder:
25:
17008:iNaturalist
16863:Wikispecies
16686:Kladothrips
16622:Crabronidae
16607:Hymenoptera
16520:Agriculture
16493:Eusociality
16408:Formiciinae
16354:Myrmeciinae
16349:Martialinae
16314:Apomyrminae
16309:Aneuretinae
16284:Subfamilies
16268:Hymenoptera
16148:Halictidae
16140:Colletidae
16129:orchid bees
16121:cuckoo bees
16100:Andrenidae
16042:Crabronidae
15979:Formicidae
15971:Formicoidea
15929:Pompilidae
15916:Mutillidae
15908:Pompiloidea
15882:Chyphotidae
15799:Plumariidae
15794:Embolemidae
15713:Megalyridae
15695:Stephanidae
15559:Moranilidae
15529:Leucospidae
15524:Idioporidae
15519:Heydeniidae
15499:Eurytomidae
15449:Cleonymidae
15439:Chalcididae
15414:Boucekiidae
15399:Aphelinidae
15393:(fig wasps)
15342:Maamingidae
15319:Diaprioidea
15294:Pelecinidae
15284:Roproniidae
15250:Liopteridae
15199:Scelionidae
15115:(braconids)
15113:Braconidae
14971:(horntails)
14876:Cimbicidae
14694:"Ant"
14559:Cited texts
14442:"Trailhead"
14378:13 December
14340:1873, s.v.
14146:Bukhari S.
13842:Agrociencia
13652:11449/30504
13523:Sapolsky RM
13326:: 271–275.
13292:: 243–263.
12892:(1): 1–17.
12648:(1): 1–13.
12242:(1): 4392.
11860:: 733–771.
11024:Experientia
10591:7 September
10400:: 231–257.
10224:BMC Biology
9955:Polyrhachis
9497:(1): 8446.
9239:complex)".
9237:cylindricus
9182:Strumigenys
8085:13 December
7705:(1): 1–10.
7586:: 191–210.
6554:13 December
5964:Haidomyrmex
5925:: 609–730.
5702:10451/55807
5468:: 549–563.
5433:11 February
5002:Deadlock II
4939:Codie award
4852:H. G. Wells
4847:Les Fourmis
4832:T. H. White
4737:Milo Winter
4711:Ant-keeping
4699:biomimetics
4627:Biomimetics
4623:Myrmecology
4587:pharaoh ant
4562:pharaoh ant
4386:Entomophagy
4319:and are of
4317:toxic venom
4285:weaver ants
4265:Weaver ants
4246:Brown bears
4242:adaptations
4190:mutualistic
4161:Dendrobates
4149:woodpeckers
4131:A study of
3988:Termitopone
3894:convergence
3880:by ants or
3812:herbivorous
3702:Agaricaceae
3603:collecting
3560:ant mimicry
3543:weaver ants
3535:The spider
3493:hydrocarbon
3465:Temnothorax
3460:Amazon ants
3389:gliding ant
3366:ultraviolet
3340:Cataglyphis
3335:desiccation
3218:Polyrhachis
3198:driver ants
3173:Philippines
3165:weaver ants
3079:as well as
3056:dolichodial
3034:undertaking
3000:cylindricus
2980:Strumigenys
2928:within the
2894:formic acid
2843:Bullet ants
2794:, and hind
2618:exoskeleton
2587:Honey ant (
2569:hibernation
2446:Genome size
2441:Genome size
2374:Weaver ants
2254:bulldog ant
2242:vertebrates
2155:vertebrates
2151:exoskeleton
2146:character.
2013:short scale
2009:quadrillion
1997:generalists
1983:, parts of
1857:Velvet ants
1829:cockroaches
1776:Martialinae
1752:stem-groups
1742:Sphecomyrma
1694:subfamilies
1461:Dorylinae‡
1330:Formicinae
1266:Myrmicinae
1060:Chyphotidae
866:Formicoidea
851:Camelomecia
822:Hymenoptera
721:, Romanian
595:Old English
516:mutualistic
437:Hymenoptera
354:Myrmeciinae
349:Martialinae
321:Formiciinae
290:Aneuretinae
284:Apomyrminae
266:Subfamilies
212:Formicoidea
192:Hymenoptera
37:100–0
17144:Categories
16896:Formicidae
16883:Formicidae
16869:Formicidae
16839:Formicidae
16741:Coalescent
16729:In culture
16706:Coleoptera
16672:Synalpheus
16666:Crustacean
16627:Halictidae
16555:Polyethism
16396:Armaniinae
16359:Myrmicinae
16334:Formicinae
16274:Formicidae
16256:Arthropoda
16193:See also:
16164:Melittidae
16117:bumblebees
16113:honey bees
16084:Anthophila
16067:Sphecidae
16047:Mellinidae
16037:Bembicidae
15958:Scoliidae
15950:Scolioidea
15937:Sapygidae
15924:Myrmosidae
15887:Thynnidae
15874:Thynnoidea
15861:Tiphiidae
15848:Tiphioidea
15776:Bethylidae
15669:Evaniidae
15656:Evanioidea
15622:Systasidae
15564:Mymaridae
15534:Lyciscidae
15494:Eupelmidae
15484:Eulophidae
15469:Encyrtidae
15391:Agaonidae
15332:Diapriidae
15227:Cynipidae
15214:Cynipoidea
15189:Nixoniidae
15032:Orussidae
15024:Orussoidea
14969:Siricidae
14953:Siricoidea
14799:Subclass:
14789:Arthropoda
14094:: 364–379.
13934:: 191–200.
13559:Wheeler WM
13144:25 October
12790:: 191–199.
12299:Vicia faba
11614:(1): 1–8.
11608:Biotropica
10978:(2): E37.
10621:(1): 1–6.
9615:(21): 21.
9233:Camponotus
8985:Solenopsis
8223:(1): 515.
7558:: 119–132.
7523:Entomology
7399:(64): 64.
7031:Oecophylla
6927:23 January
5568:(93): 93.
5261:30 January
5049:References
4949:insectoids
4923:eugenicist
4818:Mark Twain
4787:initiation
4724:In culture
4683:formicaria
4621:See also:
4550:See also:
4522:California
4486:ยำไข่มดแดง
4462:Thai salad
4458:Weaver ant
4406:, Thailand
4384:See also:
4332:Dinoponera
4202:Inca doves
3983:Megaponera
3917:leafhopper
3887:elaiosomes
3769:Lemon ants
3704:. In this
3650:Lycaenidae
3636:pineapples
3620:hemipteran
3618:and other
3556:inquilines
3549:Ants form
3407:Australian
3391:including
3376:Locomotion
3315:Navigation
3304:gongylidia
3293:Acromyrmex
3278:herbivores
3274:scavengers
3228:Ant bridge
3212:Oecophylla
3208:Weaver ant
3155:Ant colony
3071:Camponotus
3044:Oleic acid
2996:Camponotus
2965:, such as
2926:appendages
2905:weaver ant
2881:Solenopsis
2848:Paraponera
2821:See also:
2772:propaganda
2764:pheromones
2717:See also:
2662:C. elegans
2625:univoltine
2603:gamergates
2549:polyethism
2464:Life cycle
2450:non-coding
2417:Acromyrmex
2281:vibrations
2230:resolution
2179:haemolymph
2099:morphology
2079:Morphology
2065:ecosystems
1973:Antarctica
1887:Neotropics
1498:Ponerinae
1234:Formicoid
1218:Formicidae
1139:Formicidae
1101:Scolioidea
1014:Mutillidae
999:Pompilidae
846:Cretaceous
713:, Spanish
705:, Italian
492:Antarctica
488:indigenous
458:Ants form
445:Cretaceous
422:Formicidae
364:Myrmicinae
326:Formicinae
226:Formicidae
172:Arthropoda
17155:Symbiosis
16699:Aphididae
16694:Hemiptera
16632:Honey bee
16570:Thelytoky
16525:Gamergate
16369:Ponerinae
16324:Dorylinae
16032:Astatidae
15835:Vespidae
15819:Vespoidea
15789:Dryinidae
15664:Aulacidae
15637:Torymidae
15602:Pirenidae
15587:Ormyridae
15582:Ooderidae
15489:Eunotidae
15464:Diparidae
15419:Calesidae
15337:Ismaridae
15289:Heloridae
15245:Ibaliidae
15240:Figitidae
15011:Cephidae
15003:Cephoidea
14913:Xyeloidea
14892:Pergidae
14801:Pterygota
14781:Kingdom:
14720:from the
14427:245125375
14419:0016-8890
14252:162813070
14036:1811/3802
13875:: 21–50.
13854:1405-3195
12943:: 63–150.
12611:CiteSeerX
12506:Oecologia
12264:2041-1723
12113:Oecologia
11368:See also
11031:: 63–71.
10051:2046-1402
9519:2041-1723
8456:1752-4571
8417:1465-7279
8360:1664-1078
8297:: 49–56.
8180:0962-8452
7781:Franks NR
7727:253634662
7719:0020-1812
7664:0003-0147
7475:0024-4082
6971:1938-2901
6855:0962-8436
6653:1055-7903
6447:252381912
6421:0027-8424
6236:0027-8424
5989:2246/6368
5760:0027-8424
5711:0024-4082
5616:Wilson EO
5428:219873464
5283:27 August
5277:"Pismire"
5039:(journal)
5007:hive mind
4908:Renowned
4762:. In the
4717:ant farms
4560:The tiny
4534:honey ant
4514:John Muir
4500:, in the
4488:) or red
4426:Santander
4422:Colombian
4413:escamoles
4300:army ants
4230:pangolins
4226:aardvarks
4222:Anteaters
4196:. Direct
4194:parasitic
4168:Army ants
4124:Menemerus
4076:Cordyceps
4044:Malaysian
3864:Macaranga
3832:epiphytic
3733:dandelion
3670:symbionts
3632:mealybugs
3628:plant sap
3551:symbiotic
3481:A worker
3357:integrate
3349:pedometer
3309:Symbiotic
3188:army ants
3169:Pamalican
3030:pathogens
2958:Anochetus
2923:predatory
2911:wide open
2909:mandibles
2876:Fire ants
2872:antivenom
2685:honeybees
2648:in their
2641:pine tree
2614:pheromone
2610:army ants
2541:army ants
2495:with the
2370:mandibles
2321:ergatoids
2295:Both the
2285:mandibles
2210:mandibles
2171:spiracles
2111:abdominal
2075:studies.
1985:Polynesia
1977:Greenland
1957:Polynesia
1947:Australia
1937:Melanesia
1879:Number of
1833:Blattodea
1799:Oligocene
1797:. By the
1783:Laurasian
1731:In 1966,
1708:by Brady
1706:Dorylinae
1690:phylogeny
1480:Poneroid
1045:Tiphiidae
772:Old Norse
765:Old Irish
627:) and to
618:Old Saxon
599:Low Saxon
557:The word
553:Etymology
512:parasitic
508:commensal
490:ants are
374:Ponerinae
308:Dorylinae
231:Latreille
158:Kingdom:
152:Eukaryota
128:Fire ants
16917:BugGuide
16848:Wikidata
16802:The Ants
16720:Isoptera
16644:Mammalia
16637:Vespidae
16250:Animalia
16248:Kingdom
16239:taxonomy
16062:Psenidae
15404:Azotidae
14919:Xyelidae
14860:Argidae
14807:Neoptera
14787:Phylum:
14783:Animalia
14772:families
14691:(1878).
14587:The Ants
14487:12945958
14314:73875767
13823:86796899
13780:37728834
13726:Archived
13704:12165310
13661:16138209
13561:(1910).
13525:(2001).
13374:85633598
13328:Archived
13242:34017599
13185:18038201
13095:31283817
13087:19627240
13013:Archived
12914:33487814
12724:21974767
12662:85317649
12542:21112371
12534:28313479
12484:28298344
12435:23748032
12427:27869787
12352:Pheidole
12335:85428729
12282:38789437
12273:11126701
12141:28311968
12098:17301016
12041:15846335
11992:27976703
11931:23124239
11874:11729090
11736:17148245
11684:Archived
11585:15988525
11526:83791596
11475:84198690
11422:22878651
11414:24264088
11356:19243573
11315:16341421
11212:84923599
11169:21518911
11095:15703745
11045:42304237
11004:14624241
10920:41669795
10869:11441048
10810:Ethology
10783:16916970
10742:19250516
10691:12089203
10643:23280914
10635:14614570
10570:12879352
10464:15162376
10456:16809544
10371:Archived
10315:19948964
10256:17971224
10205:32534515
10197:22276952
10153:20555077
10145:19508768
10069:24715967
9931:17148163
9882:13273984
9874:17629482
9817:16407943
9768:17382956
9721:11198200
9678:41870857
9639:15861237
9586:38959879
9537:38158416
9528:10756881
9471:19416815
9412:84890901
9373:23845331
9365:10458895
9322:21504532
9277:23756265
9269:15537154
9215:Archived
9161:16924120
9097:85361145
9027:12182722
9019:24311339
8968:16083810
8871:32884747
8826:11051518
8774:14909476
8766:17297148
8706:37840769
8666:Archived
8662:18506807
8604:16890508
8552:19328589
8499:: 1–22.
8474:25567914
8378:22461777
8319:23380232
8247:33941829
8198:28298341
8106:Wheeler"
8057:31191187
7983:11607589
7924:43492133
7883:16 April
7870:21948488
7764:24541087
7672:18928332
7492:The Ants
7433:18302783
7374:25465053
7366:17839565
7319:14704171
7289:Genetics
7270:12878720
7188:31953751
7099:Archived
7056:Archived
7046:: 7–10.
7006:13074471
6873:36058251
6841:(1862).
6813:Archived
6769:29487158
6728:33242108
6720:17779641
6661:16630727
6439:36122199
6346:11106367
6254:36197959
6116:Archived
6090:Archived
5997:83598305
5947:40555356
5939:23317048
5904:15899976
5842:11078527
5778:38466878
5769:10990090
5658:43155424
5650:17770424
5602:24886136
5543:18794530
5478:Archived
5337:24094856
5255:"Formic"
5161:33390754
5103:20729380
5095:16601190
5013:See also
4986:Phase IV
4904:Atom Ant
4768:Sulayman
4546:As pests
4530:repletes
4448:Thailand
4356:en masse
4337:Myrmecia
4234:echidnas
4182:antbirds
4098:nematode
4056:Aenictus
4027:Bengalia
4018:Melipona
3970:cranefly
3942:Noctuini
3913:meat ant
3758:honeydew
3624:honeydew
3605:honeydew
3581:from an
3579:honeydew
3449:eusocial
3410:mangrove
3370:ant mill
3331:Foraging
3106:Learning
3011:anterior
2944:catapult
2784:pygidium
2681:swarming
2573:diapause
2399:repletes
2333:metasoma
2327:Metasoma
2305:mesosoma
2291:Mesosoma
2273:antennae
2206:Bull ant
2123:metasoma
2119:mesosoma
2103:antennae
2059:and the
1987:and the
1897:Nearctic
1849:eusocial
1841:crickets
1825:Isoptera
1821:Termites
937:Vespidae
893:Aculeata
874:Jurassic
826:sawflies
743:Sanskrit
679:"cut").
654:ǣmaitjōn
460:colonies
453:antennae
412:eusocial
356:(incl. "
282:(incl. "
254:Linnaeus
222:Family:
202:Aculeata
168:Phylum:
162:Animalia
148:Domain:
109: –
17088:7376225
16659:Meerkat
16649:Blesmol
16388:Extinct
16272:Family
16262:Insecta
16254:Phylum
15992:Apoidea
14795:Insecta
14793:Class:
14768:Extant
14511:3 April
14327:Servius
14306:3891647
14077:3496231
13889:9990715
13803:Bibcode
13760:Bibcode
13684:Bibcode
13676:Toxicon
13397:Bibcode
13389:Ecology
13233:8131941
13193:8473071
13134:3494966
13009:3496570
12894:Bibcode
12867:2389958
12847:Bibcode
12822:12 July
12751:Bibcode
12603:Bibcode
12568:Bibcode
12514:Bibcode
12475:5360912
12407:Bibcode
12370:Bibcode
12244:Bibcode
12184:2443499
12149:3195610
12121:Bibcode
12089:2124481
12049:4428574
12019:Bibcode
11983:5156944
11962:Bibcode
11922:3553759
11901:Bibcode
11835:Deinsea
11804:Bibcode
11727:1685857
11680:3495552
11636:2387854
11616:Bibcode
11593:1188960
11565:Bibcode
11506:Bibcode
11455:Bibcode
11394:Bibcode
11364:9546342
11192:Bibcode
11160:3093451
11137:Bibcode
11103:4368995
11075:Bibcode
10912:5774195
10892:Bibcode
10884:Science
10818:Bibcode
10791:9642888
10733:2651142
10578:4571290
10513:4625001
10436:Bibcode
10428:Science
10367:5167611
10345:Bibcode
10306:2785723
10283:Bibcode
10247:2206011
10177:Bibcode
10092:Bibcode
10060:3962001
10035:: 280.
9922:1626204
9852:Bibcode
9825:4416276
9795:Bibcode
9729:7482935
9701:Bibcode
9564:Bibcode
9499:Bibcode
9462:2688878
9439:Bibcode
9330:7690884
9249:Bibcode
9211:9319931
9152:1568925
9129:Bibcode
9062:8760773
8999:Bibcode
8933:3796365
8851:Bibcode
8806:Bibcode
8642:Bibcode
8612:5835320
8582:Bibcode
8532:Bibcode
8465:3352483
8369:3309994
8299:Bibcode
8238:8093424
8189:5360909
8037:Bibcode
7951:Bibcode
7850:Bibcode
7680:7052340
7424:2268675
7401:Bibcode
7346:Bibcode
7338:Science
7310:1462884
7238:Bibcode
7166:(L.)".
7014:4560071
6864:9441231
6700:Bibcode
6692:Science
6623:Bibcode
6430:9546634
6399:Bibcode
6370:27 July
6314:Bibcode
6245:9586285
6214:Bibcode
6122:12 June
6096:12 June
5895:1140440
5872:Bibcode
5810:Bibcode
5740:Bibcode
5630:Bibcode
5621:Science
5593:4021219
5570:Bibcode
5534:2567467
5511:Bibcode
5461:Zootaxa
5315:Bibcode
5152:7762752
5129:Bibcode
5125:ZooKeys
5075:Bibcode
5067:Science
4981:Ant-Man
4750:in the
4705:As pets
4666:ecology
4508:In his
4490:ant egg
4380:As food
4348:rooibos
4238:numbats
4012:Trigona
3898:mimicry
3834:vines.
3808:protect
3674:legumes
3323:An ant
3202:bivouac
3123:mammals
2993:in the
2968:Daceton
2953:sensory
2853:Central
2817:Defence
2792:sternum
2780:hindgut
2489:haploid
2485:diploid
2435:haploid
2378:bimodal
2191:ganglia
2139:petiole
2127:tagmata
2115:petiole
2042:⁄
2017:biomass
2001:biomass
1981:Iceland
1837:mantids
1803:Miocene
1712:in 2014
1124:Apoidea
1112:
1089:
980:
972:
925:
917:
848:genera
842:Apoidea
786:Swedish
761:mraviji
752:μύρμηξ
725:furnică
717:hormiga
709:formica
701:formiga
689:formīca
504:mimetic
496:biomass
449:species
417:of the
415:insects
188:Order:
182:Insecta
178:Class:
111:Present
17127:425369
17072:NZOR:
17039:154193
17026:101758
16961:1FORMF
16617:Apidae
16600:Groups
16500:Topics
16434:Genera
16292:Extant
16266:Order
16260:Class
16108:Apidae
16090:(bees)
15981:(ants)
15424:Ceidae
15267:s.str.
14669:
14646:
14625:
14598:
14573:
14548:321326
14546:
14485:
14425:
14417:
14369:
14342:Myrmex
14312:
14304:
14250:
14152:Sunnah
14112:
14075:
14005:
13955:5 June
13887:
13852:
13821:
13778:
13735:8 June
13702:
13659:
13610:560205
13608:
13600:
13590:
13567:
13541:
13372:
13337:8 June
13240:
13230:
13191:
13183:
13132:
13093:
13085:
13007:
12912:
12865:
12813:
12722:
12660:
12613:
12540:
12532:
12482:
12472:
12433:
12425:
12333:
12280:
12270:
12262:
12213:
12182:
12147:
12139:
12096:
12086:
12047:
12039:
12011:Nature
11990:
11980:
11929:
11919:
11872:
11734:
11724:
11678:
11634:
11591:
11583:
11557:Nature
11524:
11473:
11420:
11412:
11362:
11354:
11313:
11210:
11167:
11157:
11101:
11093:
11067:Nature
11043:
11002:
10995:261877
10992:
10949:
10918:
10910:
10867:
10789:
10781:
10740:
10730:
10689:
10641:
10633:
10576:
10568:
10526:7 June
10511:
10462:
10454:
10365:
10337:Nature
10313:
10303:
10254:
10244:
10230:: 48.
10203:
10195:
10151:
10143:
10067:
10057:
10049:
10010:955282
10008:
9929:
9919:
9880:
9872:
9823:
9815:
9787:Nature
9766:
9727:
9719:
9676:
9637:
9630:528881
9627:
9584:
9535:
9525:
9517:
9469:
9459:
9410:
9371:
9363:
9328:
9320:
9275:
9267:
9235:spp. (
9209:
9159:
9149:
9095:
9060:
9025:
9017:
8966:
8931:
8869:
8824:
8772:
8764:
8727:
8704:
8660:
8610:
8602:
8550:
8472:
8462:
8454:
8415:
8376:
8366:
8358:
8344:: 83.
8317:
8268:
8245:
8235:
8196:
8186:
8178:
8055:
7981:
7971:
7922:
7868:
7797:
7762:
7725:
7717:
7678:
7670:
7662:
7529:
7504:
7473:
7431:
7421:
7372:
7364:
7317:
7307:
7268:
7261:170929
7258:
7186:
7012:
7004:
6969:
6871:
6861:
6853:
6767:
6726:
6718:
6659:
6651:
6585:6 July
6530:AntWeb
6510:
6477:
6445:
6437:
6427:
6419:
6344:
6334:
6283:
6252:
6242:
6234:
6185:6 July
6162:5 July
6064:349550
6061:
5995:
5945:
5937:
5902:
5892:
5840:
5830:
5776:
5766:
5758:
5709:
5656:
5648:
5600:
5590:
5541:
5531:
5426:
5416:
5335:
5237:
5214:30 May
5193:6 June
5159:
5149:
5101:
5093:
4934:SimAnt
4810:Multia
4799:Myrmex
4795:Athena
4629:, and
4605:, and
4418:caviar
4370:) and
4289:citrus
4212:anting
4047:phorid
3873:ants.
3784:Duroia
3754:aphids
3682:Attini
3616:Aphids
3433:cicada
3298:fungus
3116:tandem
2977:, and
2963:Attini
2949:muscle
2804:castes
2788:rectum
2633:alates
2564:size.
2532:castes
2524:moults
2359:Seven
2341:stings
2313:queens
2279:, and
2234:ocelli
2163:oxygen
2135:gaster
2131:thorax
2121:, and
2057:AntWeb
2049:lustre
1931:2,080
1921:2,500
1917:Africa
1907:Europe
1891:2,162
1875:Region
1807:Eocene
1747:dating
1737:fossil
1710:et al.
832:, and
805:, and
793:Danish
754:mýrmēx
746:vamrah
733:fourmi
645:āmeiza
634:Ameise
629:German
604:e(e)mt
589:ǣmette
514:, and
469:queens
419:family
233:, 1809
107:Albian
17122:WoRMS
17109:Plazi
17101:70728
17065:36668
17021:IRMNG
17013:47336
16974:11356
16935:623T5
16854:Q7386
14544:S2CID
14423:S2CID
14338:Smith
14334:4.402
14310:S2CID
14248:S2CID
14215:(PDF)
14204:(PDF)
14182:Quran
14129:Quran
14073:JSTOR
13819:S2CID
13776:S2CID
13729:(PDF)
13722:(PDF)
13482:(PDF)
13465:(PDF)
13370:S2CID
13331:(PDF)
13316:(PDF)
13212:Genes
13189:S2CID
13130:JSTOR
13091:S2CID
13053:(PDF)
13016:(PDF)
13005:JSTOR
12981:(PDF)
12910:S2CID
12863:JSTOR
12720:S2CID
12683:(22).
12658:S2CID
12595:Oikos
12538:S2CID
12502:(PDF)
12431:S2CID
12356:Piper
12331:S2CID
12180:JSTOR
12145:S2CID
12045:S2CID
11687:(PDF)
11676:JSTOR
11654:(PDF)
11632:JSTOR
11589:S2CID
11553:(PDF)
11522:S2CID
11471:S2CID
11418:S2CID
11360:S2CID
11208:S2CID
11110:(PDF)
11099:S2CID
11063:(PDF)
11041:S2CID
10916:S2CID
10787:S2CID
10716:: 5.
10665:(PDF)
10639:S2CID
10611:(PDF)
10585:(PDF)
10574:S2CID
10546:(PDF)
10520:(PDF)
10509:S2CID
10489:(PDF)
10471:(PDF)
10460:S2CID
10424:(PDF)
10374:(PDF)
10363:S2CID
10333:(PDF)
10201:S2CID
10149:S2CID
10006:S2CID
9878:S2CID
9821:S2CID
9725:S2CID
9674:S2CID
9408:S2CID
9369:S2CID
9326:S2CID
9298:(PDF)
9273:S2CID
9218:(PDF)
9187:(PDF)
9093:S2CID
9023:S2CID
8867:S2CID
8770:S2CID
8702:S2CID
8669:(PDF)
8658:S2CID
8630:(PDF)
8608:S2CID
8109:(PDF)
8075:(PDF)
8053:S2CID
7974:40553
7920:S2CID
7877:(PDF)
7866:S2CID
7838:(PDF)
7791:29–32
7760:S2CID
7723:S2CID
7676:S2CID
7370:S2CID
7184:S2CID
7149:(PDF)
7124:(PDF)
7102:(PDF)
7077:(PDF)
7059:(PDF)
7036:(PDF)
7010:S2CID
6816:(PDF)
6791:(PDF)
6724:S2CID
6443:S2CID
6337:34089
6072:(PDF)
6039:(PDF)
6010:5 May
6004:(PDF)
5993:S2CID
5969:(PDF)
5943:S2CID
5833:17635
5654:S2CID
5481:(PDF)
5456:(PDF)
5424:S2CID
5187:"ant"
5174:emmet
5099:S2CID
4966:Them!
4764:Quran
4756:Aesop
4752:Bible
4733:Aesop
4494:Issan
4444:Burma
4440:India
4404:Isaan
4049:fly (
3966:steal
3919:nymph
3842:. In
3820:) in
3771:make
3583:aphid
3445:basal
3414:gills
3325:trail
3003:group
2796:tibia
2646:sperm
2501:pupal
2497:larva
2301:wings
2258:meter
2250:blind
2159:lungs
2021:human
1861:wasps
862:clade
834:wasps
810:miera
803:miere
779:Dutch
775:maurr
768:moirb
750:Greek
684:Latin
675:mait-
673:*
664:*
623:emeta
577:emete
563:emmet
484:Earth
473:gynes
434:order
426:wasps
105:Late
17150:Ants
17060:NCBI
17034:ITIS
17000:4342
16995:GBIF
16956:EPPO
16904:BOLD
16813:1994
16805:1990
16797:1975
16777:2000
16764:1927
14667:ISBN
14644:ISBN
14623:ISBN
14596:ISBN
14571:ISBN
14513:2008
14483:PMID
14415:ISSN
14380:2015
14367:ISBN
14302:PMID
14003:ISBN
13957:2008
13885:PMID
13850:ISSN
13737:2008
13700:PMID
13657:PMID
13606:OCLC
13598:LCCN
13588:ISBN
13539:ISBN
13339:2008
13238:PMID
13181:PMID
13146:2017
13083:PMID
12824:2021
12811:ISBN
12530:PMID
12480:PMID
12423:PMID
12354:and
12278:PMID
12260:ISSN
12211:ISBN
12137:PMID
12094:PMID
12037:PMID
11988:PMID
11927:PMID
11870:PMID
11841:(1).
11732:PMID
11581:PMID
11410:PMID
11352:PMID
11311:PMID
11165:PMID
11091:PMID
11000:PMID
10947:ISBN
10908:PMID
10865:PMID
10779:PMID
10738:PMID
10687:PMID
10631:PMID
10593:2010
10566:PMID
10528:2011
10452:PMID
10311:PMID
10252:PMID
10193:PMID
10141:PMID
10065:PMID
10047:ISSN
9927:PMID
9870:PMID
9813:PMID
9764:PMID
9717:PMID
9635:PMID
9582:PMID
9533:PMID
9515:ISSN
9467:PMID
9361:PMID
9318:PMID
9265:PMID
9207:PMID
9180:and
9157:PMID
9058:PMID
9015:PMID
8964:PMID
8929:PMID
8822:PMID
8762:PMID
8725:ISBN
8600:PMID
8548:PMID
8470:PMID
8452:ISSN
8413:ISSN
8374:PMID
8356:ISSN
8315:PMID
8266:ISBN
8243:PMID
8194:PMID
8176:ISSN
8087:2015
7979:PMID
7885:2009
7795:ISBN
7715:ISSN
7668:PMID
7660:ISSN
7527:ISBN
7502:ISBN
7471:ISSN
7429:PMID
7362:PMID
7315:PMID
7266:PMID
7002:PMID
6967:ISSN
6929:2018
6869:PMID
6851:ISSN
6765:PMID
6716:PMID
6657:PMID
6649:ISSN
6587:2008
6556:2015
6508:ISBN
6475:ISBN
6435:PMID
6417:ISSN
6372:2013
6342:PMID
6281:ISBN
6250:PMID
6232:ISSN
6187:2008
6164:2008
6124:2008
6098:2008
6012:2013
5935:PMID
5900:PMID
5838:PMID
5774:PMID
5756:ISSN
5707:ISSN
5646:PMID
5598:PMID
5539:PMID
5466:1668
5435:2024
5414:ISBN
5333:PMID
5285:2020
5263:2012
5235:ISBN
5216:2009
5195:2008
5157:PMID
5091:PMID
4969:and
4901:and
4874:Antz
4693:and
4676:and
4668:and
4569:the
4482:Thai
4470:Thai
4446:and
4281:soil
4277:pest
4236:and
4184:and
4147:are
4079:and
4036:prey
4015:and
3986:and
3968:the
3962:Ants
3844:Fiji
3601:Ants
3290:and
3287:Atta
3186:The
3058:and
2855:and
2727:Two
2513:crop
2345:prey
2331:The
2309:claw
2299:and
2297:legs
2271:Two
2264:and
2197:Head
1951:985
1941:275
1927:Asia
1911:180
1901:580
1801:and
1774:and
1762:and
854:and
830:bees
796:myre
789:myra
782:mier
612:empe
569:ante
430:bees
428:and
410:are
408:Ants
258:1761
45:PreꞒ
31:Ants
17047:NBN
16948:699
16943:EoL
16930:CoL
16922:165
16909:685
16891:AFD
16878:ADW
16612:Ant
16575:War
16237:Ant
14536:doi
14473:doi
14407:doi
14294:doi
14240:doi
14063:doi
14032:hdl
13980:doi
13877:doi
13811:doi
13768:doi
13692:doi
13647:hdl
13637:doi
13580:doi
13535:156
13505:doi
13434:doi
13405:doi
13362:doi
13294:doi
13267:doi
13263:240
13228:PMC
13220:doi
13173:doi
13122:doi
13073:hdl
13065:doi
13061:174
12995:doi
12941:144
12902:doi
12855:doi
12759:doi
12712:doi
12650:doi
12646:131
12621:doi
12599:112
12576:doi
12522:doi
12470:PMC
12462:doi
12458:284
12415:doi
12378:doi
12321:hdl
12313:doi
12268:PMC
12252:doi
12203:doi
12172:doi
12129:doi
12084:PMC
12076:doi
12072:274
12027:doi
12015:434
11978:PMC
11970:doi
11917:PMC
11909:doi
11862:doi
11812:doi
11800:267
11773:doi
11722:PMC
11714:doi
11710:274
11666:doi
11624:doi
11573:doi
11561:435
11514:doi
11463:doi
11402:doi
11342:doi
11301:doi
11268:doi
11237:doi
11200:doi
11155:PMC
11145:doi
11133:108
11083:doi
11071:433
11033:doi
10990:PMC
10980:doi
10943:600
10900:doi
10888:164
10857:doi
10853:204
10826:doi
10814:109
10769:doi
10765:209
10728:PMC
10718:doi
10679:doi
10675:205
10623:doi
10619:190
10558:doi
10554:189
10501:doi
10497:177
10444:doi
10432:312
10402:doi
10353:doi
10341:398
10301:PMC
10291:doi
10279:106
10242:PMC
10232:doi
10185:doi
10131:doi
10100:doi
10088:115
10055:PMC
10037:doi
9998:doi
9967:doi
9917:PMC
9909:doi
9860:doi
9803:doi
9791:439
9756:doi
9709:doi
9666:doi
9656:".
9625:PMC
9617:doi
9572:doi
9523:PMC
9507:doi
9457:PMC
9447:doi
9435:106
9400:doi
9353:doi
9310:doi
9257:doi
9199:doi
9195:199
9184:sp"
9147:PMC
9137:doi
9125:103
9085:doi
9081:341
9050:doi
9007:doi
8956:doi
8952:116
8921:doi
8917:145
8894:doi
8859:doi
8814:doi
8802:108
8754:doi
8750:210
8694:doi
8650:doi
8590:doi
8540:doi
8501:doi
8460:PMC
8444:doi
8405:doi
8364:PMC
8346:doi
8307:doi
8295:323
8233:PMC
8225:doi
8184:PMC
8168:doi
8164:284
8121:doi
8045:doi
8027:".
8006:doi
7969:PMC
7959:doi
7912:doi
7902:".
7858:doi
7752:doi
7707:doi
7652:doi
7648:172
7623:doi
7588:doi
7498:291
7463:doi
7459:193
7419:PMC
7409:doi
7354:doi
7342:231
7305:PMC
7297:doi
7293:165
7256:PMC
7246:doi
7234:100
7176:doi
7136:doi
7089:doi
7048:doi
6994:doi
6959:doi
6900:doi
6859:PMC
6843:doi
6839:377
6803:doi
6799:119
6755:doi
6751:221
6708:doi
6696:228
6639:hdl
6631:doi
6500:doi
6425:PMC
6407:doi
6395:119
6332:PMC
6322:doi
6240:PMC
6222:doi
6210:119
6059:PMC
6051:doi
5985:hdl
5977:doi
5927:doi
5890:PMC
5880:doi
5868:102
5828:PMC
5818:doi
5764:PMC
5748:doi
5736:121
5697:hdl
5687:doi
5683:195
5638:doi
5626:157
5588:PMC
5578:doi
5529:PMC
5519:doi
5507:105
5470:doi
5406:doi
5377:hdl
5369:doi
5323:doi
5147:PMC
5137:doi
5083:doi
5071:312
4844:'s
4542:).
4520:of
4466:yam
4342:In
4287:in
3797:to
3694:or
3672:in
3036:or
2683:in
2631:as
2481:egg
2071:in
1961:42
666:ai-
593:of
581:of
559:ant
471:" (
17146::
17124::
17111::
17098::
17085::
17062::
17049::
17036::
17023::
17010::
16997::
16984::
16971::
16958::
16945::
16932::
16919::
16906::
16893::
16880::
16865::
16850::
16131:,
16127:,
16123:,
16119:,
16115:,
14697:.
14594:.
14590:.
14542:.
14532:26
14530:.
14481:.
14469:30
14467:.
14463:.
14444:.
14421:.
14413:.
14403:96
14401:.
14397:.
14357:.
14336:;
14329:,
14308:.
14300:.
14290:24
14288:.
14284:.
14246:.
14236:47
14234:.
14185:,
14150:.
14127:.
14071:.
14059:83
14057:.
14053:.
14028:51
14026:.
13976:16
13974:.
13940:^
13932:21
13930:.
13926:.
13914:^
13883:.
13873:44
13871:.
13846:48
13844:.
13840:.
13817:.
13809:.
13797:.
13774:.
13766:.
13756:17
13754:.
13698:.
13690:.
13680:40
13678:.
13655:.
13645:.
13633:47
13631:.
13627:.
13604:.
13596:.
13586:.
13570:.
13537:.
13501:84
13499:.
13473:.
13467:.
13430:77
13428:.
13403:.
13393:86
13391:.
13368:.
13358:60
13356:.
13324:12
13322:.
13318:.
13288:.
13261:.
13236:.
13226:.
13216:12
13214:.
13210:.
13187:.
13179:.
13169:69
13167:.
13128:.
13118:72
13116:.
13112:.
13089:.
13081:.
13071:.
13059:.
13055:.
13035:27
13033:.
13011:.
13003:.
12991:82
12989:.
12983:.
12968:^
12958:.
12939:.
12935:.
12908:.
12900:.
12890:18
12888:.
12861:.
12853:.
12841:.
12786:.
12782:.
12757:.
12747:41
12745:.
12741:.
12718:.
12708:52
12706:.
12679:.
12656:.
12644:.
12619:.
12609:.
12597:.
12574:.
12564:12
12562:.
12550:^
12536:.
12528:.
12520:.
12510:79
12508:.
12504:.
12478:.
12468:.
12456:.
12452:.
12429:.
12421:.
12413:.
12401:.
12376:.
12366:91
12364:.
12360:.
12329:.
12319:.
12307:.
12303:.
12276:.
12266:.
12258:.
12250:.
12240:15
12238:.
12234:.
12209:.
12178:.
12168:71
12166:.
12143:.
12135:.
12127:.
12117:73
12115:.
12092:.
12082:.
12070:.
12066:.
12043:.
12035:.
12025:.
12013:.
12009:.
11986:.
11976:.
11968:.
11956:.
11952:.
11925:.
11915:.
11907:.
11897:79
11895:.
11891:.
11868:.
11858:47
11856:.
11837:.
11833:.
11810:.
11798:.
11769:89
11767:.
11761:.
11730:.
11720:.
11708:.
11704:.
11682:.
11674:.
11662:80
11660:.
11656:.
11630:.
11622:.
11610:.
11587:.
11579:.
11571:.
11559:.
11555:.
11520:.
11512:.
11500:.
11496:.
11469:.
11461:.
11451:21
11449:.
11443:.
11416:.
11408:.
11400:.
11390:16
11388:.
11358:.
11350:.
11338:63
11336:.
11332:.
11309:.
11297:65
11295:.
11291:.
11264:27
11262:.
11258:.
11233:44
11231:.
11206:.
11198:.
11188:25
11186:.
11163:.
11153:.
11143:.
11131:.
11127:.
11097:.
11089:.
11081:.
11069:.
11065:.
11039:.
11029:50
11027:.
10998:.
10988:.
10974:.
10970:.
10945:.
10914:.
10906:.
10898:.
10886:.
10863:.
10851:.
10847:.
10824:.
10812:.
10785:.
10777:.
10763:.
10759:.
10736:.
10726:.
10712:.
10708:.
10685:.
10673:.
10667:.
10637:.
10629:.
10617:.
10613:.
10572:.
10564:.
10552:.
10548:.
10507:.
10499:.
10495:.
10491:.
10458:.
10450:.
10442:.
10430:.
10426:.
10396:.
10382:^
10369:.
10361:.
10351:.
10339:.
10335:.
10309:.
10299:.
10289:.
10277:.
10273:.
10250:.
10240:.
10226:.
10222:.
10199:.
10191:.
10183:.
10173:21
10171:.
10147:.
10139:.
10127:38
10125:.
10121:.
10098:.
10086:.
10063:.
10053:.
10045:.
10031:.
10027:.
10004:.
9994:47
9992:.
9963:44
9961:.
9925:.
9915:.
9903:.
9899:.
9876:.
9868:.
9858:.
9848:17
9846:.
9842:.
9819:.
9811:.
9801:.
9789:.
9785:.
9762:.
9752:53
9750:.
9723:.
9715:.
9707:.
9697:87
9695:.
9672:.
9662:41
9660:.
9633:.
9623:.
9611:.
9607:.
9580:.
9570:.
9560:34
9558:.
9554:.
9531:.
9521:.
9513:.
9505:.
9495:14
9493:.
9489:.
9465:.
9455:.
9445:.
9433:.
9429:.
9406:.
9396:31
9394:.
9367:.
9359:.
9349:58
9347:.
9324:.
9316:.
9306:86
9304:.
9300:.
9285:^
9271:.
9263:.
9255:.
9245:30
9243:.
9213:.
9205:.
9193:.
9189:.
9155:.
9145:.
9135:.
9123:.
9119:.
9105:^
9091:.
9079:.
9056:.
9046:77
9044:.
9021:.
9013:.
9005:.
8995:11
8993:.
8989:.
8962:.
8950:.
8927:.
8915:.
8888:.
8865:.
8857:.
8847:39
8845:.
8820:.
8812:.
8800:.
8768:.
8760:.
8748:.
8700:.
8688:.
8664:.
8656:.
8648:.
8638:76
8636:.
8632:.
8606:.
8598:.
8588:.
8578:16
8576:.
8572:.
8560:^
8546:.
8538:.
8528:24
8526:.
8522:.
8497:32
8495:.
8491:.
8468:.
8458:.
8450:.
8438:.
8434:.
8411:.
8401:23
8399:.
8395:.
8372:.
8362:.
8354:.
8340:.
8336:.
8313:.
8305:.
8293:.
8289:.
8241:.
8231:.
8219:.
8215:.
8192:.
8182:.
8174:.
8162:.
8158:.
8135:^
8117:64
8115:.
8111:.
8051:.
8043:.
8033:79
8031:.
8002:30
8000:.
7977:.
7967:.
7957:.
7947:92
7945:.
7941:.
7918:.
7908:50
7906:.
7864:.
7856:.
7846:37
7844:.
7840:.
7820:65
7818:.
7793:.
7772:^
7758:.
7748:45
7746:.
7721:.
7713:.
7703:59
7701:.
7697:.
7674:.
7666:.
7658:.
7646:.
7619:91
7617:.
7613:.
7584:34
7582:.
7556:11
7554:.
7550:.
7500:.
7469:.
7457:.
7453:.
7441:^
7427:.
7417:.
7407:.
7395:.
7391:.
7368:.
7360:.
7352:.
7340:.
7313:.
7303:.
7291:.
7287:.
7264:.
7254:.
7244:.
7232:.
7228:.
7211:57
7209:.
7182:.
7172:47
7170:.
7132:98
7130:.
7126:.
7097:.
7085:71
7083:.
7079:.
7054:.
7044:39
7042:.
7038:.
7008:.
7000:.
6990:28
6988:.
6965:.
6955:44
6953:.
6949:.
6937:^
6896:69
6894:.
6890:.
6867:.
6857:.
6849:.
6837:.
6833:.
6811:.
6797:.
6793:.
6763:.
6749:.
6745:.
6722:.
6714:.
6706:.
6694:.
6669:^
6655:.
6647:.
6637:.
6629:.
6619:40
6617:.
6613:.
6573:.
6547:.
6522:^
6506:.
6498:.
6441:.
6433:.
6423:.
6415:.
6405:.
6393:.
6389:.
6340:.
6330:.
6320:.
6310:97
6308:.
6304:.
6279:.
6248:.
6238:.
6230:.
6220:.
6208:.
6204:.
6150:.
6057:.
6047:28
6045:.
6041:.
5991:.
5983:.
5971:.
5941:.
5933:.
5923:58
5921:.
5898:.
5888:.
5878:.
5866:.
5862:.
5850:^
5836:.
5826:.
5816:.
5806:97
5804:.
5798:.
5786:^
5772:.
5762:.
5754:.
5746:.
5734:.
5728:.
5705:.
5695:.
5681:.
5675:.
5652:.
5644:.
5636:.
5624:.
5596:.
5586:.
5576:.
5566:14
5564:.
5560:.
5537:.
5527:.
5517:.
5505:.
5501:.
5489:^
5476:.
5464:.
5458:.
5443:^
5422:.
5412:.
5375:.
5365:47
5363:.
5359:.
5345:^
5331:.
5321:.
5311:23
5309:.
5305:.
5293:^
5155:.
5145:.
5135:.
5123:.
5111:^
5097:.
5089:.
5081:.
5069:.
5057:^
4895:,
4889:,
4883:,
4877:,
4766:,
4656:.
4625:,
4601:,
4597:,
4593:,
4589:,
4585:,
4581:,
4577:,
4573:,
4512:,
4484::
4474:ยำ
4472::
4464:,
4428:,
4232:,
4228:,
4224:,
4096:A
4034:)
3911:A
3892:A
3512:A
3307:.
3264:,
3221:.
3171:,
3167:,
3102:.
2987:.
2971:,
2903:A
2896:.
2878:,
2863:.
2831:A
2790:,
2786:,
2782:,
2687:.
2161:;
2105:,
1979:,
1863:.
1855:.
1839:,
1758:,
1696:.
1688:A
828:,
812:.
798:,
791:,
784:,
777:,
770:,
763:,
756:,
748:,
608:,
573:,
510:,
506:,
360:")
286:")
256:,
95:Pg
39:Ma
16485:e
16478:t
16471:v
16418:†
16412:†
16406:†
16400:†
16394:†
16229:e
16222:t
16215:v
16135:)
16111:(
15759:a
15757:t
15755:a
15753:e
15751:l
15749:u
15747:c
15745:A
15269:)
15265:(
15095:a
15093:c
15091:i
15089:t
15087:i
15085:s
15083:a
15081:r
15079:a
15077:P
15067:a
15065:t
15063:i
15061:r
15059:c
15057:o
15055:p
15053:A
14838:a
14836:t
14834:y
14832:h
14830:p
14828:m
14826:y
14824:S
14761:e
14754:t
14747:v
14675:.
14652:.
14631:.
14604:.
14579:.
14550:.
14538::
14515:.
14489:.
14475::
14429:.
14409::
14382:.
14316:.
14296::
14254:.
14242::
14079:.
14065::
14038:.
14034::
14011:.
13986:.
13982::
13959:.
13891:.
13879::
13856:.
13825:.
13813::
13805::
13799:4
13782:.
13770::
13762::
13739:.
13706:.
13694::
13686::
13663:.
13649::
13639::
13612:.
13582::
13547:.
13511:.
13507::
13475:4
13440:.
13436::
13411:.
13407::
13399::
13376:.
13364::
13341:.
13300:.
13296::
13290:9
13273:.
13269::
13244:.
13222::
13195:.
13175::
13148:.
13124::
13097:.
13075::
13067::
12997::
12962:.
12933:"
12916:.
12904::
12896::
12869:.
12857::
12849::
12843:6
12826:.
12788:1
12767:.
12761::
12753::
12726:.
12714::
12681:4
12664:.
12652::
12627:.
12623::
12605::
12582:.
12578::
12570::
12544:.
12524::
12516::
12486:.
12464::
12437:.
12417::
12409::
12403:2
12386:.
12380::
12372::
12358:"
12337:.
12323::
12315::
12309:7
12284:.
12254::
12246::
12219:.
12205::
12186:.
12174::
12151:.
12131::
12123::
12100:.
12078::
12051:.
12029::
12021::
11994:.
11972::
11964::
11958:6
11933:.
11911::
11903::
11876:.
11864::
11839:4
11818:.
11814::
11806::
11781:.
11775::
11738:.
11716::
11668::
11638:.
11626::
11618::
11612:9
11595:.
11575::
11567::
11528:.
11516::
11508::
11502:4
11477:.
11465::
11457::
11424:.
11404::
11396::
11366:.
11344::
11317:.
11303::
11276:.
11270::
11243:.
11239::
11214:.
11202::
11194::
11171:.
11147::
11139::
11085::
11077::
11047:.
11035::
11006:.
10982::
10976:1
10955:.
10922:.
10902::
10894::
10871:.
10859::
10832:.
10828::
10820::
10793:.
10771::
10744:.
10720::
10714:6
10693:.
10681::
10645:.
10625::
10595:.
10560::
10530:.
10503::
10446::
10438::
10408:.
10404::
10398:4
10355::
10347::
10317:.
10293::
10285::
10258:.
10234::
10228:5
10207:.
10187::
10179::
10155:.
10133::
10106:.
10102::
10094::
10071:.
10039::
10033:2
10012:.
10000::
9973:.
9969::
9933:.
9911::
9905:1
9884:.
9862::
9854::
9827:.
9805::
9797::
9770:.
9758::
9731:.
9711::
9703::
9680:.
9668::
9641:.
9619::
9613:4
9605:"
9588:.
9574::
9566::
9539:.
9509::
9501::
9473:.
9449::
9441::
9414:.
9402::
9375:.
9355::
9332:.
9312::
9279:.
9259::
9251::
9201::
9163:.
9139::
9131::
9099:.
9087::
9064:.
9052::
9029:.
9009::
9001::
8970:.
8958::
8935:.
8923::
8900:.
8896::
8890:1
8873:.
8861::
8853::
8828:.
8816::
8808::
8776:.
8756::
8733:.
8708:.
8696::
8690:3
8652::
8644::
8614:.
8592::
8584::
8554:.
8542::
8534::
8507:.
8503::
8476:.
8446::
8440:3
8419:.
8407::
8380:.
8348::
8342:3
8321:.
8309::
8301::
8274:.
8249:.
8227::
8221:4
8200:.
8170::
8129:.
8123::
8089:.
8059:.
8047::
8039::
8012:.
8008::
7985:.
7961::
7953::
7926:.
7914::
7887:.
7860::
7852::
7803:.
7766:.
7754::
7729:.
7709::
7682:.
7654::
7631:.
7625::
7594:.
7590::
7535:.
7510:.
7477:.
7465::
7435:.
7411::
7403::
7397:8
7376:.
7356::
7348::
7321:.
7299::
7272:.
7248::
7240::
7190:.
7178::
7138::
7091::
7050::
7016:.
6996::
6973:.
6961::
6931:.
6908:.
6902::
6875:.
6845::
6805::
6788:"
6771:.
6757::
6730:.
6710::
6702::
6663:.
6641::
6633::
6625::
6589:.
6558:.
6516:.
6502::
6483:.
6449:.
6409::
6401::
6374:.
6348:.
6324::
6316::
6289:.
6277:5
6256:.
6224::
6216::
6189:.
6166:.
6126:.
6100:.
6053::
6014:.
5987::
5979::
5949:.
5929::
5906:.
5882::
5874::
5844:.
5820::
5812::
5780:.
5750::
5742::
5713:.
5699::
5689::
5660:.
5640::
5632::
5604:.
5580::
5572::
5545:.
5521::
5513::
5472::
5437:.
5408::
5385:.
5379::
5371::
5339:.
5325::
5317::
5287:.
5265:.
5243:.
5218:.
5197:.
5163:.
5139::
5131::
5105:.
5085::
5077::
4974:,
4906:.
4859:.
4536:(
4480:(
4468:(
4366:(
4350:(
4248:(
4100:(
4030:(
3720:(
3381:(
3284:(
3210:(
3067:,
2845:(
2770:"
2664:,
2557:,
2429:(
2093:)
2044:2
2040:1
2037:+
2035:2
2011:(
651:*
638:(
541:(
396:†
389:†
331:†
318:†
295:†
100:N
90:K
85:J
80:T
75:P
70:C
65:D
60:S
55:O
50:Ꞓ
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.