Mary, Queen of Scots

2128: 1330: 49: 2100:" with her son, James. She announced that she was ready to stay in England, to renounce the Pope's bull of excommunication, and to retire, abandoning her pretensions to the English Crown. She also offered to join an offensive league against France. For Scotland, she proposed a general amnesty, agreed that James should marry with Elizabeth's knowledge, and accepted that there should be no change in religion. Her only condition was the immediate alleviation of the conditions of her captivity. James went along with the idea for a while, but eventually rejected it and signed an alliance treaty with Elizabeth, abandoning his mother. Elizabeth also rejected the association because she did not trust Mary to cease plotting against her during the negotiations. 1243:, was apparently besotted with Mary. In early 1563, he was discovered during a security search hidden underneath her bed, apparently planning to surprise her when she was alone and declare his love for her. Mary was horrified and banished him from Scotland. He ignored the edict. Two days later, he forced his way into her chamber as she was about to disrobe. She reacted with fury and fear. When Moray rushed into the room after hearing her cries for help, she shouted, "Thrust your dagger into the villain!" Moray refused, as Chastelard was already under restraint. Chastelard was tried for treason and beheaded. Maitland claimed that Chastelard's ardour was feigned and that he was part of a Huguenot plot to discredit Mary by tarnishing her reputation. 861: 2240:

moment, the auburn tresses in his hand turned out to be a wig and the head fell to the ground, revealing that Mary had very short, grey hair. Cecil's nephew, who was present at the execution, reported to his uncle that after her death, "Her lips stirred up and down a quarter of an hour after her head was cut off" and that a small dog owned by the queen emerged from hiding among her skirts—though eyewitness Emanuel Tomascon does not include those details in his "exhaustive report". Items supposedly worn or carried by Mary at her execution are of doubtful provenance; contemporary accounts state that all her clothing, the block, and everything touched by her blood was burnt in the fireplace of the Great Hall to obstruct relic hunters.

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lords or Mary. For overriding political reasons, Elizabeth wished neither to convict nor to acquit Mary of murder. There was never any intention to proceed judicially; the conference was intended as a political exercise. In the end, Moray returned to Scotland as regent and Mary remained in custody in England. Elizabeth succeeded in maintaining a Protestant government in Scotland, without either condemning or releasing her fellow sovereign. In Fraser's opinion, it was one of the strangest "trials" in legal history, ending with no finding of guilt against either party, one of whom was allowed to return home to Scotland while the other remained in custody.

1942: 957: 2244: 1607: 2035: 1471:, near Edinburgh, at the end of November 1566, Mary and leading nobles held a meeting to discuss the "problem of Darnley". Divorce was discussed, but a bond was probably sworn between the lords present to remove Darnley by other means: "It was thought expedient and most profitable for the common wealth ... that such a young fool and proud tyrant should not reign or bear rule over them; ... that he should be put off by one way or another; and whosoever should take the deed in hand or do it, they should defend." Darnley feared for his safety, and after the 1399:, who was rumoured to be the father of her child. By March 1566, Darnley had entered into a secret conspiracy with Protestant lords, including the nobles who had rebelled against Mary in the Chaseabout Raid. On 9 March, a group of the conspirators accompanied by Darnley stabbed Rizzio to death in front of the pregnant Mary at a dinner party in Holyrood Palace. Over the next two days, a disillusioned Darnley switched sides and Mary received Moray at Holyrood. On the night of 11–12 March, Darnley and Mary escaped from the palace. They took temporary refuge in 8220: 1418: 675: 1885:—eight unsigned letters purportedly from Mary to Bothwell, two marriage contracts, and a love sonnet or sonnets. All were said to have been found in a silver-gilt casket just less than one foot (30 cm) long and decorated with the monogram of King Francis II. Mary denied writing them and insisted they were forgeries, arguing that her handwriting was not difficult to imitate. They are widely believed to be crucial as to whether Mary shared the guilt for Darnley's murder. The head of the commission of inquiry, the 1916: 1252: 1064: 377: 550: 1908:, have concluded that either the documents were complete forgeries, or incriminating passages were inserted into genuine letters, or the letters were written to Bothwell by a different person or written by Mary to a different person. Guy points out that the letters are disjointed and that the French language and grammar employed in the sonnets are too poor for a writer with Mary's education but certain phrases in the letters, including verses in the style of 1533: 8243: 2163:, expressing any form of dissent. Nevertheless, Elizabeth hesitated to order her execution, even in the face of pressure from the English Parliament to carry out the sentence. She was concerned that the killing of a queen set a discreditable precedent and was fearful of the consequences, especially if, in retaliation, Mary's son, James, formed an alliance with the Catholic powers and invaded England. 1614: 1646: 1630: 1662: 1790: 1726: 1710: 1694: 1758: 1678: 1774: 1742: 2156:

and remember that the theatre of the whole world is wider than the kingdom of England." She protested that she had been denied the opportunity to review the evidence, that her papers had been removed from her, that she was denied access to legal counsel, and that as a foreign anointed queen she had never been an English subject and therefore could not be convicted of treason.

1571:) and his former peers and the marriage proved to be deeply unpopular. Catholics considered the marriage unlawful since they did not recognise Bothwell's divorce or the validity of the Protestant service. Both Protestants and Catholics were shocked that Mary should marry the man accused of murdering her husband. The marriage was tempestuous, and Mary became despondent. 6628: 1929:

Mary's contemporaries who saw the letters had no doubt that they were genuine. Among them was the Duke of Norfolk, who secretly conspired to marry Mary in the course of the commission, although he denied it when Elizabeth alluded to his marriage plans, saying "he meant never to marry with a person, where he could not be sure of his pillow".

2054:, a plan to replace Elizabeth with Mary with the help of Spanish troops and the Duke of Norfolk. Norfolk was executed and the English Parliament introduced a bill barring Mary from the throne, to which Elizabeth refused to give royal assent. To discredit Mary, the casket letters were published in London. Plots centred on Mary continued. 1862:, because it was farther from the Scottish border but not too close to London. Mary's clothes, sent from Lochleven Castle, arrived on 20 July. A commission of inquiry, or conference, as it was known, was held in York and later Westminster between October 1568 and January 1569. In Scotland, her supporters fought a 8248: 1395:, which would have made him a co-sovereign of Scotland with the right to keep the Scottish throne for himself, if he outlived his wife. Mary refused his request and their marriage grew strained, although they conceived by October 1565. He was jealous of her friendship with her Catholic private secretary, 2239:

Mary was not beheaded with a single strike. The first blow missed her neck and struck the back of her head. The second blow severed the neck, except for a small bit of sinew, which the executioner cut through using the axe. Afterwards, he held her head aloft and declared "God save the Queen." At that

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was signed, which promised that, at the age of ten, Mary would marry Edward and move to England, where Henry could oversee her upbringing. The treaty provided that the two countries would remain legally separate and, if the couple failed to have children, the temporary union would dissolve. Cardinal

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of martyrdom in the Catholic Church, with a black satin bodice and black trimmings. As she disrobed Mary smiled and said she "never had such grooms before ... nor ever put off her clothes before such a company". She was blindfolded by Kennedy with a white veil embroidered in gold, knelt down on

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in a four-day journey ending on 25 September. In October, she was put on trial for treason under the Act for the Queen's Safety before a court of 36 noblemen, including Cecil, Shrewsbury, and Walsingham. Spirited in her defence, Mary denied the charges. She told her triers, "Look to your consciences

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The casket letters did not appear publicly until the Conference of 1568, although the Scottish privy council had seen them by December 1567. Mary had been forced to abdicate and held captive for the better part of a year in Scotland; the letters were never made public to support her imprisonment and

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on 15 June, but there was no battle, as Mary's forces dwindled away through desertion during negotiations. Bothwell was given safe passage from the field. The lords took Mary to Edinburgh, where crowds of spectators denounced her as an adulteress and murderer. The following night, she was imprisoned

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concluded that Mary was a tragic failure, who was unable to cope with the demands placed on her, but hers was a rare dissenting view in a post-Fraser tradition that Mary was a pawn in the hands of scheming noblemen. There is no concrete proof of her complicity in Darnley's murder or of a conspiracy

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Elizabeth asked Paulet, Mary's final custodian, if he would contrive a clandestine way to "shorten the life" of Mary, which he refused to do on the grounds that he would not make "a shipwreck of my conscience, or leave so great a blot on my poor posterity". On 1 February 1587, Elizabeth signed the

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in Staffordshire. In a successful attempt to entrap her, Walsingham had deliberately arranged for Mary's letters to be smuggled out of Chartley. Mary was misled into thinking her letters were secure, while in reality they were deciphered and read by Walsingham. From these letters it was clear that

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The majority of the commissioners accepted the casket letters as genuine after a study of their contents and a comparison of the penmanship with examples of Mary's handwriting. Elizabeth, as she had wished, concluded the inquiry with a verdict that nothing was proven against either the Confederate

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believes this reluctance on the part of the Scots to produce the letters and their destruction in 1584, whatever their content, constitute proof that they contained real evidence against Mary. In contrast, Weir thinks it demonstrates that the lords required time to fabricate them. At least some of

1520:, to which Mary agreed, but Lennox's request for a delay to gather evidence was denied. In the absence of Lennox and with no evidence presented, Bothwell was acquitted after a seven-hour trial on 12 April. A week later, Bothwell managed to convince more than two dozen lords and bishops to sign the 1511:

I should ill fulfil the office of a faithful cousin or an affectionate friend if I did not ... tell you what all the world is thinking. Men say that, instead of seizing the murderers, you are looking through your fingers while they escape; that you will not seek revenge on those who have done

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Immediately after her return to Jedburgh, she suffered a serious illness that included frequent vomiting, loss of sight, loss of speech, convulsions and periods of unconsciousness. She was thought to be dying. Her recovery from 25 October onwards was credited to the skill of her French physicians.

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had worked to obtain Darnley's licence to travel to Scotland from his home in England. Although her advisors had brought the couple together, Elizabeth felt threatened by the marriage because as descendants of her aunt, both Mary and Darnley were claimants to the English throne. Their children, if

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Mary was eloquent, and especially tall by 16th-century standards (she attained an adult height of 5 feet 11 inches or 1.80 m); while Henry II's son and heir, Francis, stuttered and was unusually short. Henry commented: "from the very first day they met, my son and she got on as well together as if

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Portraits of Mary show that she had a small, oval-shaped head, a long, graceful neck, bright auburn hair, hazel-brown eyes, under heavy lowered eyelids and finely arched brows, smooth pale skin, a high forehead, and regular, firm features. She was considered a pretty child and later, as a woman,

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to the English throne. Elizabeth refused to name a potential heir, fearing that would invite conspiracy to displace her with the nominated successor. However, she assured Maitland that she knew no one with a better claim than Mary. In late 1561 and early 1562, arrangements were made for the two

463:, who openly questioned whether her subjects had a duty to obey her. The early years of her personal rule were marked by pragmatism, tolerance, and moderation. She issued a proclamation accepting the religious settlement in Scotland as she had found it upon her return, retained advisers such as 1893:

complete set. There are incomplete printed transcriptions in English, Scots, French, and Latin from the 1570s. Other documents scrutinised included Bothwell's divorce from Jean Gordon. Moray had sent a messenger in September to Dunbar to get a copy of the proceedings from the town's registers.

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The authenticity of the casket letters has been the source of much controversy among historians. It is impossible now to prove either way. The originals, written in French, were possibly destroyed in 1584 by Mary's son. The surviving copies, in French or translated into English, do not form a

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in December 1563, was another Protestant whom Mary personally disliked. In this, she was acknowledging her lack of effective military power in the face of the Protestant lords, while also following a policy that strengthened her links with England. She joined with Moray in the destruction of

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The executioner Bull and his assistant knelt before her and asked forgiveness, as it was typical for the executioner to request the pardon of the one being put to death. Mary replied, "I forgive you with all my heart, for now, I hope, you shall make an end of all my troubles." Her servants,

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When the news of the execution reached Elizabeth, she became indignant and asserted that Davison had disobeyed her instructions not to part with the warrant and that the Privy Council had acted without her authority. Elizabeth's vacillation and deliberately vague instructions gave her

1274:, were Scottish aristocrats as well as English landowners. They sent him to France ostensibly to extend their condolences, while hoping for a potential match between their son and Mary. Both Mary and Darnley were grandchildren of Margaret Tudor, sister of Henry VIII of England, and 1051:, made it impossible for the French to send further support. Instead, the Guise brothers sent ambassadors to negotiate a settlement. On 11 June 1560, their sister, Mary's mother, died, and so the question of future Franco-Scots relations was a pressing one. Under the terms of the 1347:, in open rebellion. Mary set out from Edinburgh on 26 August 1565 to confront them. On the 30th, Moray entered Edinburgh but left soon afterwards, having failed to take the castle. Mary returned to Edinburgh the following month to raise more troops. In what became known as the 1325:

stated "the saying is that surely she is bewitched", adding that the marriage could only be averted "by violence". The union infuriated Elizabeth, who felt the marriage should not have gone ahead without her permission, as Darnley was both her cousin and an English subject.

1055:, signed by Mary's representatives on 6 July 1560, France and England undertook to withdraw troops from Scotland. France recognised Elizabeth's right to rule England, but the seventeen-year-old Mary, still in France and grieving for her mother, refused to ratify the treaty. 1152:

found this remarkable and suggested that Mary's failure to appoint a council sympathetic to Catholic and French interests was an indication of her focus on the English throne, over the internal problems of Scotland. Even the one significant later addition to the council,

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Mary apparently expected Elizabeth to help her regain her throne. Elizabeth was cautious, ordering an inquiry into the conduct of the confederate lords and the question of whether Mary was guilty of Darnley's murder. In mid-July 1568, English authorities moved Mary to

1993:("In my end lies my beginning"), embroidered. Her bed linen was changed daily, and her own chefs prepared meals with a choice of 32 dishes served on silver plates. She was occasionally allowed outside under strict supervision, spent seven summers at the spa town of 4262:

Discours du grand et magnifique triumphe faict au mariage du tresnoble & magnifique Prince Francois de Valois Roy Dauphin, filz aisné du tres-chrestien Roy de France Henry II du nom & de treshaulte & vertueuse Princesse madame Marie d'Estreuart Roine

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At Fotheringhay, on the evening of 7 February 1587, Mary was told she was to be executed the next morning. She spent the last hours of her life in prayer, distributing her belongings to her household, and writing her will and a letter to the King of France. The

1487:, just within the city wall. Mary visited him daily, so that it appeared a reconciliation was in progress. On the night of 9–10 February 1567, Mary visited her husband in the early evening and then attended the wedding celebrations of a member of her household, 1880:

As an anointed queen, Mary refused to acknowledge the power of any court to try her. She refused to attend the inquiry at York personally but sent representatives. Elizabeth forbade her attendance anyway. As evidence against Mary, Moray presented the so-called

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wrote an officially sanctioned biography that drew from original documents. It condemned Buchanan's work as an invention, and "emphasized Mary's evil fortunes rather than her evil character". Differing interpretations persisted into the 18th century:

1236:, to tell Mary that if she married an English nobleman, Elizabeth would "proceed to the inquisition of her right and title to be our next cousin and heir". The proposal came to nothing, not least because the intended bridegroom was unwilling. 731:

Shortly before Mary's coronation, Henry arrested Scottish merchants headed for France and impounded their goods. The arrests caused anger in Scotland, and Arran joined Beaton and became a Catholic. The Treaty of Greenwich was rejected by the

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with Bothwell. Such accusations rest on assumptions, and Buchanan's biography is today discredited as "almost complete fantasy". Mary's courage at her execution helped establish her popular image as the heroic victim in a dramatic tragedy.

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claimed the surgeons who examined the body were lying and that Darnley had been strangled, but all the sources agree that there were no marks on the body, and there was no reason for the surgeons to lie as Darnley was murdered either way

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had excluded the Stuarts from succeeding to the English throne. Yet, in the eyes of many Catholics, Elizabeth was illegitimate and Mary Stuart was the rightful queen of England, as the senior surviving legitimate descendant of

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Mary was permitted her own domestic staff, which never numbered fewer than 16. She needed 30 carts to transport her belongings from house to house. Her chambers were decorated with fine tapestries and carpets, as well as her

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and shortly before Christmas, he went to Glasgow to stay on his father's estates. At the start of the journey, he was afflicted by a fever–possibly smallpox, syphilis or the result of poison. He remained ill for some weeks.

506:, was generally believed to have orchestrated Darnley's death, but he was acquitted of the charge in April 1567, and the following month, he married Mary. Following an uprising against the couple, Mary was imprisoned in 510:. On 24 July 1567, she was forced to abdicate in favour of her one-year-old son, James VI. After an unsuccessful attempt to regain the throne, she fled southward seeking the protection of her first cousin once removed, 1096:

As a devout Catholic, she was regarded with suspicion by many of her subjects, as well as by the Queen of England. Scotland was torn between Catholic and Protestant factions. Mary's illegitimate half-brother, the

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Mary was accompanied by her own court including two illegitimate half-brothers, and the "four Marys" (four girls her own age, all named Mary), who were the daughters of some of the noblest families in Scotland:

1491:. In the early hours of the morning, an explosion devastated Kirk o' Field. Darnley was found dead in the garden, apparently smothered. There were no visible marks of strangulation or violence on the body. 940:

they had known each other for a long time". On 4 April 1558, Mary signed a secret agreement bequeathing Scotland and her claim to England to the French crown if she died without issue. Twenty days later,

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of 16 men, appointed on 6 September 1561, retained those who already held the offices of state. The council was dominated by the Protestant leaders from the reformation crisis of 1559–1560: the Earls of

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nine months later, arriving in Leith on 19 August 1561. Having lived in France since the age of five, Mary had little direct experience of the dangerous and complex political situation in Scotland.

964:: Mary's arms as Queen of Scotland quartered with the arms of England, reflecting her claim to the English throne. Dexter: Francis's arms as Dauphin of France and king consort of Scotland, with an 2020:, led by Catholic earls, which persuaded Elizabeth that Mary was a threat. English troops then intervened in the Scottish civil war, consolidating the power of the anti-Marian forces. Elizabeth's 1351:, Mary with her forces and Moray with the rebellious lords roamed around Scotland without ever engaging in direct combat. Mary's numbers were boosted by the release and restoration to favour of 1512:

you so much pleasure, as though the deed would never have taken place had not the doers of it been assured of impunity. For myself, I beg you to believe that I would not harbour such a thought.

529:. Perceiving Mary as a threat, Elizabeth had her confined in various castles and manor houses in the interior of England. After eighteen-and-a-half years in captivity, Mary was found guilty of 1109:, dancing, and dressing too elaborately. She summoned him to her presence to remonstrate with him but was unsuccessful. She later charged him with treason, but he was acquitted and released. 10711: 3667:

claimed the king had signed a blank sheet of paper that Beaton had then filled in, while Arran claimed that Beaton had taken the dying king's hand in his own and traced out the signature (

1456:. The ride was later used as evidence by Mary's enemies that the two were lovers, though no suspicions were voiced at the time and Mary had been accompanied by her councillors and guards. 654:

As Mary was an infant when she inherited the throne, Scotland was ruled by regents until she became an adult. From the outset, there were two claims to the regency: one from the Catholic

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Vivacious, beautiful, and clever (according to contemporary accounts), Mary had a promising childhood. At the French court, she was a favourite with everyone, except Henry II's wife

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that his opponents dismissed as a forgery. Arran, with the support of his friends and relations, became the regent until 1554 when Mary's mother managed to remove and succeed him.

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in a chapel opposite the tomb of Elizabeth. In 1867, her tomb was opened in an attempt to ascertain the resting place of her son, James I of England. He was ultimately found with

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With her marriage agreement in place, five-year-old Mary was sent to France to spend the next thirteen years at the French court. The French fleet sent by Henry II, commanded by

1359:, from exile in France. Unable to muster sufficient support, Moray left Scotland in October for asylum in England. Mary broadened her privy council, bringing in both Catholics ( 941: 444: 740:", a military campaign designed to impose the marriage of Mary to his son. English forces mounted a series of raids on Scottish and French territory. In May 1544, the English 6185:, p. 447; Mary later requested to attend the conference at Westminster, but Elizabeth refused permission. In response, Mary's commissioners withdrew from the inquiry ( 2287:

in late July 1587. Her entrails, removed as part of the embalming process, were buried secretly within Fotheringhay Castle. Her body was exhumed in 1612 when her son, King

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any, would inherit an even stronger, combined claim. Mary's insistence on the marriage seems to have stemmed from passion rather than calculation; the English ambassador

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was draped in black cloth. It was reached by two or three steps, and furnished with the block, a cushion for her to kneel on, and three stools for her and the earls of

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To the surprise and dismay of the Catholic party, Mary tolerated the newly established Protestant ascendancy, and kept her half-brother Moray as her chief advisor. Her

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By the end of February, Bothwell was generally believed to be guilty of Darnley's assassination. Lennox, Darnley's father, demanded that Bothwell be tried before the

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in the castle chapel on 9 September 1543, with "such solemnity as they do use in this country, which is not very costly", according to the report of Ralph Sadler and

10701: 853:, who was Mary Fleming's mother and James V's half-sister, was appointed governess. When Lady Fleming left France in 1551, she was succeeded by a French governess, 781:. On the promise of French military help and a French dukedom for himself, Arran agreed to the marriage. In February 1548, Mary was moved, again for her safety, to 1302: 483: 9147: 4089:, p. 46). Catherine's interests competed with those of the Guise family, and there may have been an element of jealousy or rivalry between the two queens ( 1329: 632:—and it would be lost from his family "wi' a lass". This legendary statement came true much later – not through Mary, but through her great-great-granddaughter 10666: 2127: 1606: 1889:, described them as horrible letters and diverse fond ballads. He sent copies to Elizabeth, saying that if they were genuine, they might prove Mary's guilt. 8370: 4260: 2358:

was acclaimed as "more objective ... free from the excesses of adulation or attack" that had characterised older biographies, and her contemporaries

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was rising at the expense of Mary's mother, who maintained effective control only through the use of French troops. In early 1560, the Protestant lords

1965:. Elizabeth considered Mary's designs on the English throne to be a serious threat and so confined her to Shrewsbury's properties, including Tutbury, 4306: 2097: 10671: 3467:

until 1752. In this article, dates before 1752 are Old Style, with the exception that years are assumed to start on 1 January rather than 25 March.

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King Francis II died on 5 December 1560 of a middle-ear infection that led to an abscess in his brain. Mary was grief-stricken. Her mother-in-law,

612:, states that James, upon hearing on his deathbed that his wife had given birth to a daughter, ruefully exclaimed, "It cam wi' a lass and it will 2008:

In May 1569, Elizabeth attempted to mediate the restoration of Mary in return for guarantees of the Protestant religion, but a convention held at

8363: 2093:, which sanctioned the killing of anyone who plotted against Elizabeth and aimed to prevent a putative successor from profiting from her murder. 1339:

Mary's marriage to a leading Catholic precipitated Mary's half-brother, the Earl of Moray, to join with other Protestant lords, including Lords

585:. She was said to have been born prematurely and was the only legitimate child of James to survive him. She was the great-granddaughter of King 1479:

In late January 1567, Mary prompted her husband to return to Edinburgh. He recuperated from his illness in a house belonging to the brother of

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Originally, Mary believed that many nobles supported her marriage, but relations quickly soured between the newly elevated Bothwell (created

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for the last time. On her way back to Edinburgh on 24 April, Mary was abducted, willingly or not, by Lord Bothwell and his men and taken to

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The cause of her illness is unknown. Potential diagnoses include physical exhaustion and mental stress, haemorrhage of a gastric ulcer, and

10771: 629: 10601: 9823: 9140: 2320: 1805: 1381: 1344: 1122: 538: 17: 10515: 1578:, known as the confederate lords, turned against Mary and Bothwell and raised their own army. Mary and Bothwell confronted the lords at 10766: 10706: 2227:, and the executioners helped Mary remove her outer garments, revealing a velvet petticoat and a pair of sleeves in crimson brown, the 2016:

between October 1569 and August 1570. Early the following year, Moray was assassinated. His death occurred soon after an unsuccessful

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on 29 July 1565, even though both were Catholic and a papal dispensation for the marriage of first cousins had not been obtained.

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Mary's request to be buried in France was refused by Elizabeth. Her body was embalmed and left in a secure lead coffin until her

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in December. The rejection of the marriage treaty and the renewal of the alliance between France and Scotland prompted Henry's "

10731: 9133: 6440: 1340: 1118: 1595:. Moray was made regent, while Bothwell was driven into exile. He was imprisoned in Denmark, became insane, and died in 1578. 10676: 10626: 10390: 10276: 8347: 8176: 8149: 8116: 8094: 8075: 8047: 8020: 7989: 7967: 7932: 7913: 7852: 7830: 7782: 7505: 6452: 4440: 2208: 1958: 1403:

before returning to Edinburgh on 18 March. The former rebels Lords Moray, Argyll and Glencairn were restored to the council.

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with those of Francis and Mary. Mary's claim to the English throne was a perennial sticking point between her and Elizabeth.

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rejected the deal overwhelmingly. Norfolk continued to scheme for a marriage with Mary, and Elizabeth imprisoned him in the

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King Henry VIII of England took the opportunity of the regency to propose marriage between Mary and his own son and heir,

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Beaton rose to power again and began to push a pro-Catholic pro-French agenda, angering Henry, who wanted to break the

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the cushion in front of the block on which she positioned her head, and stretched out her arms. Her last words were,

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without her consent, she angrily objected and the negotiations foundered. Her own attempt to negotiate a marriage to

1154: 1138: 1020:, fifteen-year-old Francis and sixteen-year-old Mary became king and queen of France. Two of the Queen's uncles, the 659: 521:, Mary had once claimed Elizabeth's throne as her own and was considered the legitimate sovereign of England by many 125: 499: 10756: 10661: 10360: 10034: 3574:

in the 1560s as "The devil go with it! It will end as it began: it came from a woman, and it will end in a woman" (

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in Scotland. Mary fell in love with the "long lad", as Queen Elizabeth called him since he was over six feet tall.

1240: 1126: 1098: 10716: 10691: 9759: 2513: 2280: 1290: 1224:, was rebuffed by Philip. Elizabeth attempted to neutralise Mary by suggesting that she marry English Protestant 1209: 860: 759:, and on 10 September 1547, nine months after the death of Henry VIII, the Scots suffered a heavy defeat at the 10651: 10488: 9799: 4742: 4712: 4267: 3400: 1500: 1185: 1130: 924:, became a close friend of whom Mary "retained nostalgic memories in later life". Mary's maternal grandmother, 468: 5789:, who was in the castle, wrote that Bothwell "had ravished her and lain with her against her will" (quoted in 10586: 10286: 9899: 9868: 9815: 7493: 4723: 3057: 2343: 2108: 1205: 1025: 1005:. Henry II of France proclaimed his eldest son and daughter-in-law king and queen of England. In France, the 416: 8202: 712:. Regent Arran resisted the move but backed down when Beaton's armed supporters gathered at Linlithgow. The 10781: 10646: 10636: 10330: 10102: 10072: 9839: 9807: 9709: 9669: 9037: 9000: 6228: 4709: 3563: 2308: 2212: 2024: 2021: 1496: 1370: 1233: 633: 597:'s older sister so Mary was Henry VIII's great-niece. On 14 December, six days after her birth, she became 464: 4635:, 4th Book, various editions, e.g., Lennox, Cuthbert (editor) (1905). London: Andrew Melrose, pp. 225–337 2187: 2179:, having been summoned by Cecil without Elizabeth's knowledge, decided to carry out the sentence at once. 965: 904:, was competent in prose, poetry, horsemanship, falconry, and needlework, and was taught French, Italian, 10686: 10641: 10365: 9480: 8762: 5552: 4698: 3998: 2248: 1142: 1106: 365: 10508: 10483: 9470: 8751: 1981:, all located in the interior of England, halfway between Scotland and London and distant from the sea. 1440:. However, the murder of Rizzio led to the breakdown of her marriage. In October 1566, while staying at 1204:

Mary then turned her attention to finding a new husband from the royalty of Europe. When her uncle, the

10656: 10077: 9445: 9419: 9164: 9047: 8725: 8693: 7806: 6620: 3256: 2304: 2168: 1552:, where he may have raped her. On 6 May, Mary and Bothwell returned to Edinburgh. On 15 May, at either 1263: 1256: 1213: 1165: 1158:

Scotland's leading Catholic magnate, Lord Huntly, in 1562, after he led a rebellion against her in the

487: 253: 8211: 1941: 10092: 9560: 9500: 9399: 9156: 9042: 8837: 8782: 8390: 5786: 3990: 2200: 1360: 1279: 1193:

queens to meet in England at York or Nottingham in August or September 1562. In July, Elizabeth sent

1178: 1113: 1036: 598: 498:, their marriage soured. In February 1567, Darnley's residence was destroyed by an explosion, and he 397: 65: 1822:, the castle's owner. Managing to raise an army of 6,000 men, she met Moray's smaller forces at the 1507:

and Mary herself were among those who came under suspicion. Elizabeth wrote to Mary of the rumours:

1448:, Mary made a journey on horseback of at least four hours each way to visit the Earl of Bothwell at 10681: 9861: 9565: 9555: 9364: 8843: 8832: 8538: 8394: 8386: 3994: 2350:

argued that the casket letters were genuine and that Mary was guilty of adultery and murder, while

2176: 1391:

Before long, Darnley grew arrogant. Not content with his position as king consort, he demanded the

1040: 786: 682: 10107: 9349: 9329: 376: 10776: 10631: 10621: 10380: 9894: 9783: 9535: 9530: 9510: 9485: 8812: 8807: 8792: 8767: 8332: 8325: 8316: 7871: 7774: 4428: 2220: 2192: 2107:

was convicted of plotting to assassinate Elizabeth, without Mary's knowledge, although her agent

1198: 1082: 993: 893: 869: 785:. The English left a trail of devastation behind them once more and seized the strategic town of 774:

proposed to unite France and Scotland by marrying the young queen to his three-year-old son, the

643:

shortly after she was born. Rumours spread that she was weak and frail, but an English diplomat,

448: 411:, Mary was six days old when her father died and she inherited the throne. During her childhood, 142: 9309: 8474: 2337:, who praised, defended and eulogised her. After the accession of James I in England, historian 2034: 696:, hoping for a union of Scotland and England. On 1 July 1543, when Mary was six months old, the 459:

that Mary encountered on her return to Scotland was further agitated by prominent Scots such as

10454: 10142: 9989: 9664: 9604: 9545: 9525: 9515: 9490: 9475: 8991: 8876: 8822: 8797: 8772: 8757: 8629: 8464: 8206: 6602: 3277: 3050: 2284: 2028: 1412: 1021: 956: 810: 733: 511: 194: 10127: 8934: 2276:. He was released nineteen months later, after Cecil and Walsingham interceded on his behalf. 10216: 10176: 10097: 9649: 9619: 9599: 9520: 9460: 9450: 9440: 8981: 8891: 8871: 8802: 8740: 8730: 8720: 8599: 8594: 8567: 8528: 8523: 4716: 2911: 2873: 2866: 2506: 2265: 2243: 1970: 1517: 1322: 1010: 1006: 989: 925: 602: 10554: 9414: 8686: 8438: 4893:

Mary, Queen of Scots: Her Persecutions, Sufferings, and Trials from her Birth till her Death

2268:

to attempt to avoid the direct stain of Mary's blood. Davison was arrested, thrown into the

928:, was another strong influence on her childhood and acted as one of her principal advisors. 854: 10596: 10591: 10281: 10256: 10236: 10226: 10221: 10211: 10112: 9644: 9624: 9614: 9594: 9583: 9571: 9495: 9424: 9299: 8959: 8896: 8886: 8859: 8777: 8700: 8634: 8589: 8579: 8573: 8562: 8556: 8506: 8132:

The Bardon Papers: Documents relating to the imprisonment and trial of Mary, Queen of Scots

8068:

Queen Mary's Women: Female Relatives, Servants, Friends and Enemies of Mary, Queen of Scots

7901: 3263: 3232: 2880: 2744: 2410: 2300: 2296: 2273: 1905: 1588: 1367: 1294: 1086: 998: 985: 865: 798: 778: 693: 620:

had gained the throne of Scotland in the 14th century through "a lass"—via the marriage of

586: 518: 456: 424: 220: 10459: 2050:

In 1571, Cecil and Walsingham (at that time England's ambassador to France) uncovered the

822: 662:, who was next in line to the throne. Beaton's claim was based on a version of the king's 8: 10444: 10291: 10049: 10029: 9910: 9654: 9609: 9540: 8986: 8939: 8881: 8817: 8614: 8604: 8584: 8550: 8355: 7442:

Tomascon, Emanuel (1924). "79. Execution of Mary Stuart". In von Klarwill, Victor (ed.).

7364: 4702: 4636: 4126: 3071: 2152: 2132: 2131:

A drawing of the trial of Mary, Queen of Scots, 14–15 October 1586, in the great hall of

2104: 2086: 2078: 2071: 2017: 1796: 1521: 1472: 1052: 1028:, were now dominant in French politics, enjoying an ascendancy called by some historians 961: 945: 921: 794: 697: 554: 534: 526: 412: 408: 345: 179: 10526: 8219: 8130: 5683:

A post-mortem revealed internal injuries, thought to have been caused by the explosion.

10545: 10474: 10439: 10406: 10395: 10375: 10350: 10340: 10251: 10231: 10191: 10186: 10152: 9775: 9751: 9732: 9688: 9684: 9659: 9289: 9244: 9023: 8661: 8609: 8533: 6949: 4695: 4081:, p. 77; Catherine's dislike of Mary became apparent only after Henry II's death ( 3460: 2063: 1823: 1468: 1453: 1374: 1221: 1159: 850: 771: 725: 651:, and wrote, "it is as goodly a child as I have seen of her age, and as like to live." 436: 2058:

endorsed one plan in the latter half of the 1570s to marry her to the governor of the

1417: 1074: 494:. After Darnley orchestrated the murder of Mary's Italian secretary and close friend, 10419: 10335: 10271: 10206: 10196: 10137: 10117: 10082: 9743: 9189: 8656: 8469: 8298: 8249:

How three amateurs cracked a 445-year-old code to reveal Mary Queen of Scots' secrets

8172: 8145: 8112: 8090: 8071: 8043: 8016: 7985: 7963: 7928: 7909: 7848: 7826: 7819: 7778: 7501: 6953: 6941: 6448: 4436: 3270: 2751: 2325:

Assessments of Mary in the 16th century divided between Protestant reformers such as

2292: 2256: 2228: 2082: 2055: 2039: 1392: 1048: 977: 775: 764: 574: 558: 522: 432: 428: 318: 201: 166: 10301: 8517: 5551:

Confession of James Ormiston, one of Bothwell's men, 13 December 1573, quoted (from

1997:, and spent much of her time doing embroidery. Her health declined, perhaps through 10498: 10464: 10430: 10370: 10355: 10246: 10067: 9831: 9589: 9550: 9409: 9344: 8974: 8964: 8854: 8827: 8679: 8511: 8431: 8424: 8197: 8193: 8164: 7875: 7814: 6931: 6616: 3085: 2417: 2359: 2172: 2159:

She was convicted on 25 October and sentenced to death with only one commissioner,

2112: 1978: 1966: 1962: 1946: 1863: 1843: 1827: 1815: 1780: 1732: 1620: 1584: 1484: 1449: 1445: 1437: 1421: 1271: 1194: 1189: 782: 760: 745: 678: 625: 601:

when her father died, perhaps from the effects of a nervous collapse following the

507: 7893: 6936: 6919: 797:. On 7 July 1548, a Scottish Parliament held at a nunnery near the town agreed to 674: 10449: 10311: 10181: 9434: 9229: 8969: 8714: 8544: 8496: 8486: 8480: 8262: 8104: 4290: 3477: 3464: 2326: 2269: 2116: 2067: 2013: 2009: 1974: 1851: 1847: 1764: 1716: 1652: 1636: 1553: 1348: 1306: 846: 709: 655: 617: 335: 9125: 7498:

Elizabeth's Spy Master: Francis Walsingham and the secret war that saved England

3673:

Historical Manuscripts Commission (1887). "Eleventh Report, Appendix, Part VI".

1912:, and some characteristics of style are compatible with known writings by Mary. 1560:, they were married according to Protestant rites. Bothwell and his first wife, 1266:, in February 1561 when she was in mourning for Francis. Darnley's parents, the 1232:, whom Elizabeth trusted and thought she could control. She sent an ambassador, 10345: 10167: 10147: 9639: 9184: 9067: 8954: 8911: 8865: 8650: 7951: 7879: 7863: 7840: 3377: 2897: 2355: 2351: 2338: 2334: 2288: 2252: 2140: 1986: 1954: 1915: 1897: 1882: 1875: 1684: 1591:. Between 20 and 23 July, Mary miscarried twins. On 24 July, she was forced to 1575: 1568: 1557: 1537: 1433: 1002: 913: 909: 686: 621: 590: 530: 491: 323: 4292:

Relations politiques de la France et de l'Espagne avec l'Écosse au XVIe siècle

10580: 10320: 10157: 9194: 8008: 7771:

Darnley: A Life of Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, Consort of Mary Queen of Scots

6945: 6632: 3064: 2366: 2224: 2059: 1925: 1859: 1668: 1579: 1549: 1488: 1400: 1298: 1286: 1217: 1149: 932:

strikingly attractive. At some point in her infancy or childhood, she caught

873: 702: 648: 582: 420: 355: 131: 5793:, pp. 314–317). Other contemporaries dismissed the abduction as bogus ( 1540:; in reality, Mary saw her son for the last time when he was ten months old. 1251: 647:, saw the infant at Linlithgow Palace in March 1543, unwrapped by her nurse 10201: 10024: 9853: 9577: 9254: 9092: 8849: 8126: 6307: 5391: 2051: 1831: 1396: 1228:. Dudley was Sir Henry Sidney's brother-in-law and the English queen's own 1063: 842: 737: 644: 613: 562: 495: 451:

from his accession in 1559 until his death in December 1560. Widowed, Mary

440: 9354: 8444: 8168: 5054:

A dispensation, backdated to 25 May, was granted in Rome on 25 September (

1564:, who was the sister of Lord Huntly, had divorced twelve days previously. 549: 10039: 10019: 10014: 9969: 9964: 9334: 9274: 9239: 9097: 9082: 8667: 7977: 4746: 3424: 2144: 2085:

of 1583, Walsingham (now the queen's principal secretary) introduced the

1901: 1363: 1275: 981: 834: 9314: 2354:

argued the reverse. In the latter half of the 20th century, the work of

2081:, scores of which were discovered and decrypted in 2022–2023. After the 455:

in August 1561. The tense religious and political climate following the

10054: 10004: 9979: 9924: 9384: 9339: 9284: 9269: 9264: 9209: 9072: 9062: 9052: 8639: 8501: 2347: 2204: 2002: 1839: 1835: 973: 838: 663: 594: 476: 401: 9701: 6597: 3490:"National Records of Scotland; Hall of Fame A-Z – Mary Queen of Scots" 2031:

watched Mary carefully with the aid of spies placed in her household.

1188:

as an ambassador to the English court to put the case for Mary as the

1125:, and Moray. Only four of the councillors were Catholic: the Earls of 10132: 10122: 9984: 9959: 9954: 9949: 9379: 9374: 9304: 9294: 9259: 9219: 9199: 9087: 9057: 8644: 8619: 7959: 5684: 4890: 3664: 3571: 3457: 3432: 3428: 2330: 2111:

was implicated. In April, Mary was placed in the stricter custody of

1998: 1700: 1461: 1229: 1102: 901: 814: 609: 460: 9465: 8745: 8233: 1532: 10087: 10058: 10009: 9999: 9994: 9974: 9934: 9929: 9919: 9359: 9324: 9319: 9279: 9234: 9214: 9204: 9179: 9077: 9018: 8624: 8449: 8308: 8237: 1545: 1441: 1170: 1044: 933: 826: 717: 566: 472: 103: 4307:"Elizabeth and Mary, Royal Cousins, Rival Queens: Curators' Picks" 992:, Elizabeth was recognised as her sister's heir, and Henry VIII's 9944: 9629: 9389: 9249: 9224: 9174: 8995: 8901: 8291: 3677:. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. pp. 205, 219–220. 3672: 1909: 1850:. On 18 May, local officials took her into protective custody at 1826:

on 13 May. Defeated, she fled south. After spending the night at

1016:

When Henry II died on 10 July 1559, from injuries sustained in a

818: 749: 578: 330: 93: 7925:

The Trial of Mary Queen of Scots: A Brief History with Documents

5396:

England's Insular Imagining: The Elizabethan Erasure of Scotland

2333:, who vilified her mercilessly, and Catholic apologists such as 2070:, who was supposed to organise the invasion of England from the 767:

for no more than three weeks and turned to the French for help.

708:

Beaton wanted to move Mary away from the coast to the safety of

9939: 9505: 9455: 8787: 8735: 8459: 8454: 1994: 1748: 2381:

Mary's relationship to the houses of Stuart, Guise, and Tudor

2148:

Mary had sanctioned the attempted assassination of Elizabeth.

1524:, in which they agreed to support his aim to marry the queen. 9429: 9369: 8707: 1174: 1017: 905: 790: 756: 10712:

People executed under the Tudors for treason against England

6918:

Lasry, George; Biermann, Norbert; Tomokiyo, Satoshi (2023).

4295:(in French). Vol. 1. Paris: Renouard. pp. 302–311. 4131:

Dance in the Renaissance: European Fashion, French Obsession

1945:"A•CATTE". Embroidery done by Mary in captivity (now in the 1452:, where he lay ill from wounds sustained in a skirmish with 1428:

shortly after the murder of Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, 1567

8491: 8227:

Edinburgh Castle Research: The Dolls of Mary Queen of Scots

5713:

The original letter is in French, this translation is from

5557:

Ancient Criminal Trials in Scotland from AD 1488 to AD 1624

3568:

The History of Scotland from 21 February 1436 to March 1565

1919:

A portrait of Mary from the latter half of the 16th century

1101:, was a leader of the Protestants. The Protestant reformer 897: 8385: 8040:

Emblems for a Queen: The Needlework of Mary Queen of Scots

3463:

in the 1580s, England and Scotland retained the Old Style

1527: 415:

was governed by regents, first by the heir to the throne,

7944:

Accounts of the Lord High Treasurer of Scotland Volume 12

2115:. At Christmas, she was moved to a moated manor house at 1085:, became regent for the late king's ten-year-old brother 8161:

Mary Queen of Scots and French Public Opinion, 1542–1600

1067:

Mary's all-white mourning garb earned her the sobriquet

763:. Mary's guardians, fearful for her safety, sent her to 7500:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 196–201. 6920:"Deciphering Mary Stuart's lost letters from 1578-1584" 4005:. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. p. 577. 3570:

written in the 1570s. The phrase was first recorded by

605:

or from drinking contaminated water while on campaign.

2077:

Mary sent letters in cipher to the French ambassador,

1834:

into England by fishing boat on 16 May. She landed at

1544:

Between 21 and 23 April 1567, Mary visited her son at

1285:

Darnley shared a more recent Stewart lineage with the

7906:"My Heart Is My Own": The Life of Mary Queen of Scots 7446:. London: John Lane The Bodley Head. pp. 97–105. 6917: 4018:

Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland

4003:

Calendar of State Papers, Spain: Volume IX: 1547–1549

1598: 817:

on 7 August 1548 and arrived a week or more later at

525:, including participants in a rebellion known as the 4435:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 22. 2362:

and Ian B. Cowan also produced more balanced works.

7982:

Mary, Queen of Scots and the Murder of Lord Darnley

3812:Sadler to Henry VIII, 11 September 1543, quoted in 3671:, pp. 46–47). The disputed will is printed in 789:. In June, the much-awaited French help arrived at 388:(8 December 1542 – 8 February 1587), also known as 8057:Labanov, A. I. (Prince Lobanov-Rostovsky) (1844). 7818: 4633:History of the Reformation of Religion in Scotland 2143:, Mary was arrested while out riding and taken to 2001:or lack of exercise. By the 1580s, she had severe 1262:Mary had briefly met her English-born half-cousin 1105:preached against Mary, condemning her for hearing 30:For other people called Mary, Queen of Scots, see 9155: 6447:. London: Hutchinson. pp. 148–153, 159–165. 6227: 4288: 2236:("Into thy hands, O Lord, I commend my spirit"). 2139:On 11 August 1586, after being implicated in the 2135:, Northamptonshire, where she was later beheaded. 920:, taught her to dance. Her future sister-in-law, 10702:People executed by Tudor England by decapitation 10578: 10565:Consorts to debatable or disputed rulers are in 8109:The Rough Wooings: Mary Queen of Scots 1542–1551 7946:. Edinburgh: General Register Office (Scotland). 7803:The State Papers and Letters of Sir Ralph Sadler 7764:. Edinburgh: General Register Office (Scotland). 4266:(in French). Paris: Annet Briere. Archived from 1593:abdicate in favour of her one-year-old son James 1297:. They next met on Saturday 17 February 1565 at 7864:"Stewart, Henry, duke of Albany (1545/6–1567)" 3635:Sadler to Henry VIII, 23 March 1543, quoted in 980:, was succeeded by her only surviving sibling, 755:In May 1546, Beaton was murdered by Protestant 748:) raided Edinburgh, and the Scots took Mary to 720:on 27 July 1543 with 3,500 armed men. Mary was 533:in 1586 and was beheaded the following year at 7796:. Glasgow: General Register Office (Scotland). 6226:, p. 176; for the casket description see 4891:Rennie, James (published anonymously) (1826). 951: 10667:Heads of government who were later imprisoned 9869: 9717: 9141: 8371: 7794:Calendar of State Papers, Scotland: Volume IX 7421: 7419: 2234:In manus tuas, Domine, commendo spiritum meum 9883: 8059:Lettres et Mémoires de Marie, Reine d'Écosse 6218:For the list of documents see, for example, 4008: 3427:said Mary was born on the 7th, but Mary and 1239:In contrast, a French poet at Mary's court, 1068: 960:Coat of arms sent from France in July 1559. 881: 630:Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland 544: 537:. Mary's life and execution established her 8938:Monarchs of England and Scotland after the 8089:. Edinburgh: National Museums of Scotland. 6235:. Edinburgh: Bannatyne Club. p. lviii. 5717:, pp. 308–309. For other versions see 5017:, pp. 49, 56; for falling in love see 3675:The Manuscripts of the Duke of Hamilton, KT 2321:Cultural depictions of Mary, Queen of Scots 2299:. Many of her other descendants, including 2215:, who were there to witness the execution. 1818:with the aid of George Douglas, brother of 1246: 9876: 9862: 9724: 9710: 9148: 9134: 9115:Debated or disputed rulers are in italics. 8378: 8364: 8218: 7762:Calendar State Papers, Scotland: Volume II 7492: 7416: 948:, and he became king consort of Scotland. 47: 7813: 7130:Two of the commissioners were Catholics ( 6935: 6310:to Elizabeth, 11 October 1568, quoted in 5794: 4258: 4090: 3989: 3724: 3722: 3720: 2191:The execution scene, drawn by eyewitness 1866:against Regent Moray and his successors. 1043:in an attempt to secure Protestantism. A 1035:In Scotland, the power of the Protestant 7998: 7950: 7800: 7744: 7441: 6531: 6511: 4427: 3813: 3636: 3437:Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary 2242: 2186: 2126: 2033: 1940: 1914: 1613: 1531: 1416: 1373:) and Protestants (the new Lord Huntly, 1328: 1250: 1164: 1089:, who inherited the French throne. Mary 1062: 955: 859: 673: 548: 541:as a romanticised historical character. 490:, in 1565, and in 1566, they had a son, 435:, where she would be safe from invading 273: 53:Portrait of Mary at about 17 years old, 10672:Heirs presumptive to the English throne 9731: 8007: 7941: 7868:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 7768: 7668: 7656: 7644: 7632: 7620: 7596: 7435: 7351: 7094: 6893: 6873: 6837: 6805: 6664: 6487: 6471: 6439: 6363: 6335: 6327: 6223: 6206: 6170: 6158: 6102: 6050: 6014: 5990: 5974: 5950: 5886: 5810: 5774: 5656: 5539: 5527: 5515: 5511: 5407: 5379: 5363: 5343: 5279: 5223: 5211: 5187: 5155: 5127: 5115: 5042: 5026: 4917: 4866: 4846: 4782: 4762: 4670: 4654: 4595: 4519: 4495: 4483: 4467: 4415: 4399: 4359: 4246: 4170: 4158: 4078: 3965: 3949: 3917: 3897: 3861: 3849: 3748: 3711: 3695: 3668: 3648: 3591: 3575: 3538: 3444: 1645: 1629: 1528:Imprisonment in Scotland and abdication 407:The only surviving legitimate child of 400:from 14 December 1542 until her forced 240: 14: 10579: 8229:(Historic Environment Scotland, 2019). 7839: 7825:. London: English Universities Press. 7716: 7692: 7580: 7548: 7532: 7520: 7468: 7456: 7425: 7406: 7339: 7307: 7291: 7271: 7235: 7223: 7207: 7195: 7179: 7147: 7118: 7066: 7054: 7038: 7010: 6986: 6966: 6905: 6849: 6817: 6789: 6656: 6583: 6555: 6467: 6415: 6391: 6347: 6266: 6154: 6090: 6074: 6062: 6002: 5962: 5910: 5866: 5834: 5798: 5790: 5766: 5750: 5632: 5600: 5564: 5531: 5467: 5447: 5431: 5415: 5375: 5355: 5331: 5311: 5291: 5267: 5251: 5235: 5199: 5087: 5071: 5038: 5018: 5010: 4973: 4957: 4905: 4858: 4838: 4822: 4810: 4794: 4774: 4666: 4653:, pp. 140–143, 176–177, 186–187; 4646: 4575: 4543: 4531: 4507: 4479: 4455: 4411: 4387: 4371: 4347: 4331: 4214: 4198: 4182: 4154: 4142: 4106: 4094: 4082: 4062: 4046: 4034: 3941: 3909: 3889: 3873: 3841: 3829: 3817: 3796: 3772: 3760: 3740: 3717: 3707: 3687: 3660: 3640: 3619: 3603: 3587: 3534: 3522: 3510: 3456:While Catholic Europe switched to the 3440: 1953:On 26 January 1569, Mary was moved to 1197:to cancel Mary's visit because of the 795:besiege and ultimately take Haddington 669: 9857: 9705: 9129: 8359: 8142:The Needlework of Mary Queen of Scots 8001:Thomas Howard, Fourth Duke of Norfolk 7922: 7861: 7382: 7327: 7131: 5722: 5672: 4895:. Glasgow: W. R. McPhun. p. 114. 3382: 3375: 3373: 3371: 3369: 3367: 3365: 3363: 3361: 3359: 3357: 3355: 3353: 3351: 3349: 3347: 3341: 3335: 3333: 3331: 3329: 3327: 3325: 3323: 3321: 3319: 3317: 3315: 3313: 3311: 3309: 3307: 3285: 3283: 3281: 3276: 3274: 3269: 3267: 3262: 3260: 3255: 3240: 3231: 3229: 3227: 3225: 3223: 3221: 3193: 3167: 3165: 3163: 3157: 3155: 3153: 3151: 3149: 3147: 3145: 3139: 3137: 3135: 3133: 3131: 3129: 3127: 3125: 3123: 3121: 3119: 3105: 3103: 3101: 3095: 3093: 3091: 3089: 3084: 3077: 3075: 3070: 3063: 3061: 3056: 3054: 3049: 3021: 3019: 3017: 3015: 3009: 3007: 3005: 3003: 3001: 2995: 2993: 2991: 2985: 2983: 2981: 2975: 2973: 2971: 2945: 2917: 2915: 2910: 2908: 2903: 2896: 2879: 2877: 2872: 2865: 2863: 2861: 2835: 2833: 2807: 2801: 2799: 2797: 2795: 2793: 2787: 2785: 2783: 2781: 2779: 2777: 2775: 2773: 2771: 2769: 2767: 2757: 2755: 2750: 2743: 2741: 2736: 2734: 2729: 2723: 2721: 2719: 2717: 2715: 2713: 2711: 2709: 2707: 2705: 2703: 2697: 2695: 2693: 2691: 2689: 2687: 2685: 2683: 2681: 2675: 2673: 2671: 2665: 2659: 2657: 2655: 2653: 2651: 2649: 2647: 2645: 2643: 2641: 2639: 2633: 2631: 2629: 2627: 2625: 2623: 2621: 2618: 2616: 2611: 2605: 2603: 2601: 2599: 2597: 2595: 2593: 2591: 2589: 2587: 2585: 2567: 2549: 2543: 2541: 2539: 2537: 2535: 2533: 2531: 2529: 2527: 2525: 2523: 2517: 2512: 2510: 2505: 2503: 2501: 2499: 2497: 2495: 2493: 2491: 2489: 2487: 2485: 2467: 2449: 2447: 2445: 2443: 2441: 2439: 2437: 2435: 2433: 2431: 2429: 2416: 2409: 2407: 2405: 2403: 2401: 2399: 2397: 2395: 2393: 2391: 2389: 2373: 1661: 1058: 467:(her illegitimate half-brother), and 306: 236: 32:Mary, Queen of Scots (disambiguation) 7976: 7791: 7759: 7732: 7700: 7680: 7568: 7536: 7347: 7279: 7211: 7155: 7146:, pp. 59–65, 143–145, 309–314; 7143: 7106: 7090: 7074: 7026: 6974: 6889: 6869: 6833: 6821: 6680: 6644: 6571: 6559: 6543: 6527: 6515: 6499: 6483: 6399: 6379: 6351: 6331: 6315: 6311: 6287: 6270: 6254: 6202: 6186: 6182: 6142: 6130: 6118: 6098: 6078: 6046: 6030: 6010: 5986: 5970: 5946: 5930: 5918: 5898: 5882: 5854: 5842: 5822: 5806: 5770: 5754: 5738: 5714: 5701: 5689: 5668: 5652: 5640: 5620: 5608: 5588: 5576: 5560: 5535: 5499: 5487: 5471: 5455: 5435: 5419: 5339: 5319: 5299: 5275: 5255: 5239: 5207: 5183: 5167: 5151: 5139: 5103: 5091: 5075: 5067: 5055: 5022: 5014: 4997: 4989: 4977: 4961: 4945: 4933: 4913: 4778: 4750: 4607: 4583: 4563: 4547: 4515: 4463: 4395: 4375: 4355: 4335: 4242: 4186: 4114: 4074: 3945: 3929: 3913: 3728: 2905:Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus 2291:, ordered that she be reinterred in 2175:. On 3 February, ten members of the 1989:on which she had the French phrase, 1789: 1406: 1226:Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester 1041:invited English troops into Scotland 936:, but it did not mark her features. 658:, and the other from the Protestant 573:Mary was born on 8 December 1542 at 269: 10772:Scottish people of the Rough Wooing 8163:. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. 8144:. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. 7900: 7847:. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. 7728: 7712: 7696: 7608: 7592: 7564: 7552: 7480: 7429: 7410: 7394: 7378: 7343: 7323: 7311: 7295: 7275: 7259: 7247: 7183: 7167: 7151: 7086: 7070: 7050: 7022: 6998: 6970: 6885: 6865: 6853: 6793: 6777: 6765: 6753: 6741: 6729: 6716: 6704: 6692: 6676: 6660: 6595: 6427: 6411: 6395: 6375: 6283: 6250: 6238: 6219: 6198: 6114: 6094: 6042: 6026: 6006: 5966: 5942: 5914: 5870: 5838: 5802: 5734: 5718: 5636: 5604: 5483: 5451: 5411: 5359: 5335: 5315: 5295: 5271: 5203: 5179: 4993: 4929: 4909: 4878: 4862: 4842: 4826: 4798: 4706:James MacGill of Nether Rankeillour 4682: 4650: 4619: 4579: 4559: 4511: 4459: 4391: 4351: 4238: 4226: 4202: 4110: 4086: 4050: 3977: 3961: 3893: 3877: 3845: 3800: 3784: 3744: 3691: 3644: 3623: 3607: 3550: 3079:Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox 2167:death warrant, and entrusted it to 1357:James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell 1334:James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell 504:James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell 431:, and was sent to be brought up in 302: 287:James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell 152:10 July 1559 – 5 December 1560 27:Queen of Scotland from 1542 to 1567 24: 10602:16th-century executions by England 8042:. London: Archetype Publications. 8030: 6398:, pp. 400–404, 408–412, 416; 4085:, pp. 102–103, 115–116, 119; 2005:in her limbs, rendering her lame. 1725: 1599:Escape and imprisonment in England 639:Mary was christened at the nearby 608:A popular tale, first recorded by 589:through her paternal grandmother, 25: 10803: 10767:Scottish people of French descent 10707:People executed under Elizabeth I 10536:Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily 8216:National Portrait Gallery, London 8212:Portraits of Mary, Queen of Scots 8187: 7942:McInnes, Charles T., ed. (1970). 5009:For the quote and his height see 2731:James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Arran 2613:James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Arran 2062:and illegitimate half-brother of 2018:rebellion in the North of England 1957:and placed in the custody of the 1869: 1814:On 2 May 1568, Mary escaped from 1709: 1693: 1073:("the White Queen"). Portrait by 804: 531:plotting to assassinate Elizabeth 126:James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Arran 10737:Pretenders to the English throne 8241: 8159:Wilkinson, Alexander S. (2004). 8003:. London: Barrie & Rockliff. 7927:. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's. 7738: 7722: 7706: 7686: 7674: 7662: 7650: 7638: 7626: 7614: 7602: 7586: 7574: 7558: 7542: 7526: 7514: 7486: 7474: 7462: 7450: 7400: 7388: 7372: 7357: 7333: 7317: 7301: 7285: 7265: 7253: 7241: 7229: 7217: 7201: 7189: 7173: 7161: 7137: 7124: 7112: 7100: 7080: 7060: 7044: 7032: 7016: 7004: 6992: 6980: 6960: 6911: 6899: 6879: 6859: 6843: 6827: 6811: 6799: 6783: 6771: 6759: 6747: 6735: 6728:It had been her mother's motto ( 6722: 6710: 6698: 6686: 6670: 6650: 6638: 6610: 6589: 6577: 6565: 6549: 6537: 6521: 6505: 6493: 6477: 6461: 6433: 6421: 6405: 6385: 6369: 6357: 6341: 6321: 6293: 6276: 6260: 6244: 6233:Inventaires de la Royne d'Ecosse 6212: 6192: 6176: 6164: 6148: 6136: 6124: 6108: 6084: 6068: 6056: 6036: 6020: 5996: 5980: 5956: 5936: 5924: 5904: 5892: 5876: 5860: 5848: 5828: 5816: 5780: 5760: 5744: 5728: 5707: 5695: 5677: 5662: 5646: 5626: 5614: 5594: 5582: 5570: 5545: 5521: 5505: 5493: 5477: 5461: 5441: 5425: 5401: 5385: 5369: 5349: 5325: 5305: 5285: 5261: 5245: 5229: 5217: 5193: 3406:Wardrobe of Mary, Queen of Scots 2738:John Stewart, 3rd Earl of Lennox 1788: 1772: 1757: 1756: 1740: 1724: 1708: 1692: 1676: 1660: 1644: 1628: 1612: 1605: 1241:Pierre de Boscosel de Chastelard 884:Bibliothèque nationale de France 716:escorted Mary and her mother to 423:. In 1548, she was betrothed to 375: 8415:Monarchs of Scotland until 1603 8205:at the official website of the 8196:at the official website of the 8111:. East Linton: Tuckwell Press. 7923:Lewis, Jayne Elizabeth (1999). 5398:(Cambridge, 2023), pp. 149–151. 5173: 5161: 5145: 5133: 5121: 5109: 5097: 5081: 5061: 5048: 5032: 5003: 4983: 4967: 4951: 4939: 4923: 4899: 4884: 4872: 4852: 4832: 4816: 4804: 4788: 4768: 4756: 4688: 4676: 4660: 4640: 4625: 4613: 4601: 4589: 4569: 4553: 4537: 4525: 4501: 4489: 4473: 4449: 4421: 4405: 4381: 4365: 4341: 4325: 4299: 4282: 4252: 4232: 4220: 4208: 4192: 4176: 4164: 4148: 4136: 4120: 4100: 4068: 4056: 4040: 4028: 3971: 3955: 3935: 3923: 3903: 3883: 3867: 3855: 3835: 3823: 3806: 3790: 3778: 3766: 3754: 3734: 3701: 3681: 3654: 3629: 3613: 3597: 3581: 3431:claimed the 8th, which was the 1677: 1291:Mary Stewart, Countess of Arran 298: 265: 232: 75:14 December 1542 – 24 July 1567 10762:Scottish expatriates in France 10612:16th-century Scottish monarchs 9800:Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria 8412:Monarchs of England until 1603 7801:Clifford, Arthur, ed. (1809). 7792:Boyd, William K., ed. (1915). 6414:, pp. 404, 410, 420–426; 4713:William Maitland of Lethington 4433:The Wars of Religion in France 4097:, pp. 102–103, 116, 119). 3999:"Appendix: Miscellaneous 1548" 3556: 3544: 3528: 3516: 3504: 3482: 3470: 3450: 3417: 3401:Jewels of Mary, Queen of Scots 2311:, were interred in her vault. 2281:burial in a Protestant service 1991:En ma fin est mon commencement 1773: 1741: 1587:on an island in the middle of 1473:baptism of his son at Stirling 1436:, was born on 19 June 1566 in 1255:Mary with her second husband, 1186:William Maitland of Lethington 469:William Maitland of Lethington 13: 1: 10732:People of the Elizabethan era 10287:Joan II, Countess of Burgundy 9900:List of French royal consorts 9816:Maria Teresa Rafaela of Spain 9157:Pictish and Scottish monarchs 8234:Works by Mary, Queen of Scots 7862:Greig, Elaine Finnie (2004). 6937:10.1080/01611194.2022.2160677 6619:by Mary are also kept in the 4649:, pp. 155–156, 215–217; 4185:, pp. 39–40, 43, 75–80; 3988:", 25 August 1548, quoted in 3476:Also spelled as Marie and as 3411: 3058:Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine 1924:forced abdication. Historian 1809:Mary's places of imprisonment 877: 703:Scottish alliance with France 417:James Hamilton, Earl of Arran 54: 10677:Heirs to the Scottish throne 10627:Burials at Westminster Abbey 10331:Joan I, Countess of Auvergne 7894:UK public library membership 7870:. Vol. 1. Oxfordshire: 3564:Robert Lindsay of Pitscottie 2309:Anne, Queen of Great Britain 2182: 2025:William Cecil, Lord Burghley 1896:Mary's biographers, such as 1536:Mary depicted with her son, 1371:Simon Preston of Craigmillar 912:, in addition to her native 634:Anne, Queen of Great Britain 581:and his French second wife, 517:As a great-granddaughter of 465:James Stewart, Earl of Moray 7: 10722:People of Linlithgow Palace 10697:Mothers of English monarchs 10617:16th-century Scottish women 10607:16th-century queens regnant 9022:British monarchs after the 8240:(public domain audiobooks) 8085:Marshall, Rosalind (2013). 8066:Marshall, Rosalind (2006). 7366:Letter Book of Amias Paulet 7363:Morris, John (ed.) (1874). 4699:John Bellenden of Auchinoul 3562:This version is taken from 3394: 2249:National Museum of Scotland 2096:In 1584, Mary proposed an " 1210:Archduke Charles of Austria 1169:Mary's royal arms from the 952:Claim to the English throne 182:, Northamptonshire, England 18:Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots 10: 10808: 10747:Queens regnant of Scotland 10078:Desiderata of the Lombards 8070:. Edinburgh: John Donald. 7999:Williams, Neville (1964). 7807:Archibald Constable and Co 7769:Bingham, Caroline (1995). 7760:Bain, Joseph, ed. (1900). 7753: 6621:Victoria and Albert Museum 4289:Teulet, Alexandre (1862). 3257:Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley 2318: 2305:Prince Rupert of the Rhine 2091:Act for the Queen's Safety 1873: 1410: 1264:Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley 1208:, began negotiations with 799:the French marriage treaty 488:Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley 419:, and then by her mother, 254:Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley 29: 10792:Women of the Tudor period 10727:People of Stirling Castle 10563: 10544: 10525: 10497: 10473: 10429: 10404: 10310: 10166: 10048: 9909: 9889: 9739: 9678: 9398: 9163: 9110: 9033: 9017: 9013: 8950: 8933: 8929: 8406: 8402: 8339: 8330: 8322: 8315: 8305: 8296: 8288: 8283: 8256: 8061:. London: Charles Dolman. 8015:. London: George Philip. 7908:. London: Fourth Estate. 7535:, pp. 542, 546–547; 7154:, pp. 488–489, 492; 6792:, pp. 443–446, 511; 5801:, p. 317). See also 5787:James Melville of Halhill 5538:, pp. 176–178, 261; 5342:, pp. 116–117, 121; 4011:"Mary Stuart and Roscoff" 3339: 3337: 3303: 3301: 3295: 3293: 3291: 3289: 3253: 3251: 3249: 3247: 3245: 3238: 3236: 3215: 3213: 3211: 3205: 3203: 3201: 3191: 3187: 3185: 3183: 3177: 3175: 3173: 3161: 3159: 3143: 3141: 3099: 3097: 3082: 3068: 3043: 3041: 3039: 3033: 3031: 3029: 3013: 3011: 2999: 2997: 2989: 2987: 2979: 2977: 2969: 2965: 2963: 2961: 2955: 2953: 2951: 2933: 2931: 2929: 2901: 2890: 2888: 2886: 2884: 2870: 2855: 2853: 2851: 2849: 2847: 2845: 2843: 2831: 2827: 2825: 2823: 2817: 2815: 2813: 2805: 2803: 2791: 2789: 2748: 2727: 2725: 2679: 2677: 2669: 2667: 2663: 2661: 2609: 2607: 2579: 2577: 2575: 2565: 2561: 2555: 2547: 2545: 2479: 2477: 2475: 2465: 2461: 2455: 2414: 2314: 2247:A copy of Mary's effigy, 1382:John Maxwell of Terregles 1280:High Stewards of Scotland 1179:South Leith Parish Church 1037:Lords of the Congregation 1001:through her grandmother, 882: 553:Both Mary and her father 545:Childhood and early reign 371: 361: 351: 341: 329: 317: 209: 186: 177:8 February 1587 (aged 44) 173: 160: 156: 148: 141: 109: 99: 89: 79: 71: 64: 46: 41: 10787:Scottish Roman Catholics 10752:Remarried queens consort 10742:Queens consort of France 10509:Marie Joséphine of Savoy 10484:Joséphine de Beauharnais 9884:Royal consorts of France 9832:Maria Antonia of Austria 8140:Swain, Margaret (1973). 8135:. London: Camden Series. 7984:. London: Random House. 7775:Constable & Robinson 7715:, p. 391; see also 6445:The Crime of Mary Stuart 5809:, pp. 351–355; and 4065:, pp. 36, 44–45, 50 2203:that was erected in the 2177:Privy Council of England 2122: 1961:and his formidable wife 1936: 1846:and stayed overnight at 1247:Marriage to Lord Darnley 1216:, the mentally unstable 1047:uprising in France, the 988:, passed in 1543 by the 813:, sailed with Mary from 683:coat of arms of Scotland 10757:Roman Catholic monarchs 10662:Executed Scottish women 9895:List of Frankish queens 9840:Marie Thérèse of France 9824:Maria Josepha of Saxony 9808:Marie Adélaïde of Savoy 8333:Queen consort of France 7872:Oxford University Press 6780:, pp. 448–450, 518 6441:Thomson, George Malcolm 6430:, pp. 399, 401–417 6418:, pp. 287, 396–401 4694:The other members were 4657:, pp. 125, 145–146 1483:at the former abbey of 1432:Mary's son by Darnley, 994:last will and testament 942:she married the Dauphin 896:. Mary learned to play 484:married her half-cousin 449:queen consort of France 143:Queen consort of France 10717:People from Linlithgow 10692:Monarchs who abdicated 10501:(1814–1815; 1815–1830) 10455:Maria Theresa of Spain 10143:Beatrice of Vermandois 9990:Brunhilda of Austrasia 9165:Monarchs of the Picts 8207:Royal Collection Trust 8038:Bath, Michael (2008). 7880:10.1093/ref:odnb/26473 7659:, pp. 17, 192–193 7444:The Fugger Newsletters 6606:. Inventory no. 28224. 6603:Royal Collection Trust 6596:Mary, Queen of Scots. 3278:Elizabeth I of England 3051:Francis, Duke of Guise 2285:Peterborough Cathedral 2272:, and found guilty of 2260: 2195: 2136: 2047: 2038:Mary in captivity, by 2029:Sir Francis Walsingham 1950: 1920: 1541: 1514: 1429: 1413:Murder of Lord Darnley 1336: 1259: 1181: 1078: 1069: 969: 889: 811:Nicolas de Villegagnon 734:Parliament of Scotland 689: 570: 512:Elizabeth I of England 502:in the nearby garden. 471:, and governed as the 195:Peterborough Cathedral 169:, Linlithgow, Scotland 10652:Dauphines of Viennois 10217:Adelaide of Maurienne 10177:Adelaide of Aquitaine 10108:Ermentrude of Orléans 10098:Ermengarde of Hesbaye 9760:Jacqueline of Bavaria 9400:Monarchs of the Scots 8258:Mary, Queen of Scots 8169:10.1057/9780230286153 7599:, pp. 13–14, 192 6378:, pp. 400, 416; 5989:, pp. 422, 501; 4845:, pp. 175, 181; 4133:(Yale, 2008), p. 152. 4009:Lord Guthrie (1907). 2912:Henry VIII of England 2874:Antoinette de Bourbon 2867:Claude, Duke of Guise 2507:James III of Scotland 2319:Further information: 2266:plausible deniability 2246: 2190: 2130: 2037: 1971:Sheffield Manor Lodge 1944: 1918: 1535: 1518:Estates of Parliament 1509: 1420: 1332: 1323:Nicholas Throckmorton 1254: 1168: 1066: 1030:la tyrannie Guisienne 1007:royal arms of England 990:Parliament of England 959: 926:Antoinette de Bourbon 863: 677: 603:Battle of Solway Moss 552: 10587:Mary, Queen of Scots 10391:Elisabeth of Austria 10381:Catherine de' Medici 10282:Clementia of Hungary 10277:Margaret of Burgundy 10257:Margaret of Provence 10237:Isabella of Hainault 10227:Constance of Castile 10222:Eleanor of Aquitaine 10212:Bertrade of Montfort 10113:Richilde of Provence 9784:Catherine de' Medici 9768:Margaret of Scotland 9752:Margaret of Burgundy 9481:Constantine III (IV) 9446:Constantine II (III) 8992:William III & II 8557:Henry the Young King 8507:Edward the Confessor 8475:Æthelred the Unready 8348:Elisabeth of Austria 8326:Catherine de' Medici 8203:Mary, Queen of Scots 8194:Mary, Queen of Scots 8087:Mary, Queen of Scots 8013:Mary, Queen of Scots 7821:Mary, Queen of Scots 7695:, pp. 269–270; 7595:, pp. 505–506; 7294:, pp. 533–534; 7210:, pp. 521–522; 7182:, pp. 506–512; 7150:, pp. 506–512; 7089:, pp. 483–485; 7073:, pp. 477–480; 7069:, pp. 482–483; 7053:, pp. 484–485; 6973:, pp. 474–476; 6872:, pp. 492–494; 6868:, pp. 464–470; 6820:, pp. 415–424; 6732:, pp. 443–444). 6659:, pp. 410–411; 6514:, pp. 137–139; 6394:, pp. 396–397; 6189:, pp. 461–463). 6157:, pp. 385–390; 6049:, pp. 433–434: 6005:, pp. 357–359; 5885:, pp. 383–390; 5869:, pp. 322–323; 5841:, pp. 330–331; 5805:, pp. 328–329; 5773:, pp. 343–345; 5753:, pp. 311–312; 5639:, pp. 297–299; 5635:, pp. 296–297; 5607:, pp. 292–294; 5603:, pp. 285–292; 5534:, pp. 277–279; 5530:, pp. 160–163; 5450:, pp. 275–276; 5434:, pp. 274–275; 5418:, pp. 274–275; 5414:, pp. 273–274; 5410:, pp. 158–159; 5334:, pp. 256–258; 5318:, pp. 253–258; 5314:, pp. 255–256; 5298:, pp. 248–249; 5294:, pp. 249–252; 5254:, pp. 245–246; 5182:, pp. 229–230; 4865:, pp. 173–174; 4861:, pp. 114–117; 4825:, pp. 168–169; 4777:, pp. 192–203; 4727:the Earl of Bothwell 4562:, pp. 119–120; 4546:, pp. 105–107; 4514:, pp. 114–115; 4462:, pp. 108–109; 4109:, pp. 178–182; 3264:Edward VI of England 3242:Mary, Queen of Scots 3233:Francis II of France 2881:James IV of Scotland 2745:Henry VII of England 2411:James II of Scotland 2307:and the children of 2301:Elizabeth of Bohemia 1806:class=notpageimage| 1368:Provost of Edinburgh 1295:James II of Scotland 1206:Cardinal of Lorraine 1091:returned to Scotland 1083:Catherine de' Medici 1026:Cardinal of Lorraine 986:Third Succession Act 894:Catherine de' Medici 870:Catherine de' Medici 641:Church of St Michael 587:Henry VII of England 577:, Scotland, to King 519:Henry VII of England 457:Scottish Reformation 453:returned to Scotland 386:Mary, Queen of Scots 305:; died 272:; died 239:; died 221:Francis II of France 10782:Scottish princesses 10647:Dauphines of France 10637:Children of James V 10297:Marie of Luxembourg 10292:Blanche of Burgundy 10242:Ingeborg of Denmark 10128:Théodrate of Troyes 10030:Balthild of Chelles 9733:Dauphines of France 9511:Malcolm III Canmore 8940:Union of the Crowns 7956:Mary Queen of Scots 7845:Mary Queen of Scots 7747:, pp. xvi–xvii 7735:, pp. 3–4, 509 6796:, pp. 447, 458 6474:, pp. 171, 176 6290:, pp. 453, 468 5825:, pp. 367, 374 5186:, pp. 77, 79; 4717:Lord High Treasurer 4703:Lord Clerk Register 4510:, pp. 97–101; 4270:on 14 December 2015 4127:Margaret M. McGowan 3980:, pp. 41–42; " 3694:, pp. 20, 60; 3690:, pp. 17, 60; 3072:James V of Scotland 2251:. The original, by 2153:Fotheringhay Castle 2133:Fotheringhay Castle 2087:Bond of Association 2079:Michel de Castelnau 2072:Spanish Netherlands 2022:principal secretary 1820:Sir William Douglas 1522:Ainslie Tavern Bond 1454:John Elliot of Park 1289:as a descendant of 1278:descendants of the 1199:civil war in France 1053:Treaty of Edinburgh 976:'s elder daughter, 946:Notre Dame de Paris 922:Elisabeth of Valois 851:Janet, Lady Fleming 698:Treaty of Greenwich 670:Treaty of Greenwich 535:Fotheringhay Castle 527:Rising of the North 409:James V of Scotland 346:James V of Scotland 180:Fotheringhay Castle 10687:Scottish lutenists 10642:Daughters of kings 10555:Eugénie de Montijo 10546:House of Bonaparte 10475:House of Bonaparte 10440:Margaret of Valois 10407:House of Lancaster 10396:Louise of Lorraine 10376:Eleanor of Austria 10351:Charlotte of Savoy 10341:Isabeau of Bavaria 10326:Blanche of Navarre 10262:Isabella of Aragon 10252:Blanche of Castile 10232:Adela of Champagne 10192:Constance of Arles 10187:Bertha of Burgundy 10153:Gerberga of Saxony 9776:Charlotte of Savoy 9584:Second Interregnum 9551:William I the Lion 9420:Constantine I (II) 9410:Kenneth I MacAlpin 9024:Acts of Union 1707 8987:James II & VII 8680:Kenneth I MacAlpin 8465:Edgar the Peaceful 8344:Title next held by 7952:Warnicke, Retha M. 7671:, pp. 188–189 7494:Hutchinson, Robert 7385:, pp. 41, 119 7186:, pp. 489–493 7001:, pp. 458–462 6989:, pp. 458–462 6768:, pp. 453–454 6756:, pp. 444–445 6695:, pp. 440–441 6546:, pp. 475–476 6490:, pp. 177–178 6402:, pp. 465–474 6382:, pp. 465–474 6354:, pp. 466–467 6318:, pp. 451–452 6257:, pp. 446–447 6222:, p. 397 and 6065:, pp. 368–369 5901:, pp. 391–393 5873:, pp. 336–337 5845:, pp. 366–367 5757:, pp. 336–340 5741:, pp. 312–313 5721:, p. 312 and 5704:, pp. 298–299 5643:, pp. 244–247 5623:, pp. 232–233 5611:, pp. 227–233 5591:, pp. 190–192 5458:, pp. 161–163 5438:, pp. 158–159 5422:, pp. 157–160 5378:, p. 259 ff; 5302:, pp. 105–107 5214:, pp. 151–154 5190:, pp. 151–152 5158:, pp. 151–153 5013:, p. 221 and 4869:, pp. 133–134 4829:, pp. 157–161 4785:, pp. 123–124 4765:, pp. 114–116 4710:Secretary of State 4696:Lord Justice Clerk 4522:, pp. 102–103 4498:, pp. 100–101 4458:, pp. 96–97; 4390:, pp. 86–88; 4354:, pp. 95–96; 4259:Anonymous (1558). 4241:, pp. 90–91; 4113:, pp. 71–80; 4093:, pp. 50–51; 4049:, pp. 31–32; 3991:Hume, Martin A. S. 3964:, pp. 40–41; 3912:, pp. 29–30; 3876:, pp. 23–24; 3578:, pp. 11–12). 3492:. NRS. 31 May 2013 3478:Steuart or Stewart 3461:Gregorian calendar 2619:Elizabeth Hamilton 2374:Genealogical chart 2261: 2196: 2151:Mary was moved to 2137: 2103:In February 1585, 2064:Philip II of Spain 2048: 1959:Earl of Shrewsbury 1951: 1921: 1830:, she crossed the 1824:Battle of Langside 1542: 1501:Secretary Maitland 1469:Craigmillar Castle 1430: 1375:Bishop of Galloway 1355:and the return of 1337: 1312:English statesmen 1272:Countess of Lennox 1260: 1222:Philip II of Spain 1182: 1079: 1059:Return to Scotland 972:In November 1558, 970: 916:. Jehan Paulle, a 890: 855:Françoise de Paroy 772:Henry II of France 690: 681:of 1553: obverse, 571: 539:in popular culture 500:was found murdered 447:in 1558, becoming 439:forces during the 394:Mary I of Scotland 10657:Executed monarchs 10574: 10573: 10477:(1804–1814; 1815) 10460:Marie Leszczyńska 10420:Margaret of Anjou 10336:Joanna of Bourbon 10272:Joan I of Navarre 10207:Bertha of Holland 10197:Matilda of Frisia 10138:Eadgifu of Wessex 10118:Adelaide of Paris 10103:Judith of Bavaria 9851: 9850: 9744:Joanna of Bourbon 9699: 9698: 9572:First Interregnum 9123: 9122: 9106: 9105: 9009: 9008: 8925: 8924: 8920: 8919: 8470:Edward the Martyr 8354: 8353: 8306:Succeeded by 8299:Queen of Scotland 8178:978-0-230-28615-3 8151:978-0-442-29962-0 8118:978-1-862-32090-1 8096:978-1-905267-78-1 8077:978-0-85976-667-8 8049:978-1-904982-36-4 8022:978-0-540-01131-5 7991:978-0-09-952707-7 7969:978-0-415-29182-8 7934:978-0-312-21815-7 7915:978-1-84115-753-5 7892:(subscription or 7854:978-0-297-17773-9 7832:978-0-340-12383-6 7815:Donaldson, Gordon 7784:978-0-09-472530-0 7507:978-0-297-84613-0 6454:978-0-09-081730-6 6229:Robertson, Joseph 5106:, pp. 64, 91 5025:, p. 63 and 4724:Lord High Admiral 4720:Robert Richardson 4470:, pp. 94–100 4442:978-1-4179-7435-1 4418:, pp. 80, 93 3986:the Queen Dowager 3710:, pp. 17–18; 3392: 3391: 3388: 3387: 3271:Mary I of England 2752:Elizabeth of York 2344:William Robertson 2293:Westminster Abbey 2257:Westminster Abbey 2229:liturgical colour 2083:Throckmorton Plot 2056:Pope Gregory XIII 2040:Nicholas Hilliard 1481:Sir James Balfour 1407:Murder of Darnley 1393:Crown Matrimonial 1386:Sir James Balfour 1353:Lord Huntly's son 1318:Earl of Leicester 1148:Modern historian 1049:Tumult of Amboise 978:Mary I of England 823:Saint-Pol-de-Léon 765:Inchmahome Priory 616:wi' a lass!" His 599:Queen of Scotland 575:Linlithgow Palace 559:Linlithgow Palace 523:English Catholics 429:Dauphin of France 398:Queen of Scotland 383: 382: 366:Roman Catholicism 202:Westminster Abbey 167:Linlithgow Palace 66:Queen of Scotland 16:(Redirected from 10799: 10527:House of Orléans 10499:House of Bourbon 10465:Marie Antoinette 10445:Marie de' Medici 10431:House of Bourbon 10371:Claude of France 10356:Anne of Brittany 10321:Joan of Burgundy 10267:Marie of Brabant 10247:Agnes of Merania 10068:Bertrada of Laon 9878: 9871: 9864: 9855: 9854: 9726: 9719: 9712: 9703: 9702: 9692: 9683:also monarch of 9150: 9143: 9136: 9127: 9126: 9015: 9014: 8975:Richard Cromwell 8965:The Protectorate 8955:James I & VI 8931: 8930: 8512:Harold Godwinson 8432:Edward the Elder 8425:Alfred the Great 8409: 8408: 8404: 8403: 8380: 8373: 8366: 8357: 8356: 8323:Preceded by 8289:Preceded by 8279: 8272: 8254: 8253: 8245: 8244: 8222: 8198:British monarchy 8182: 8155: 8136: 8122: 8105:Merriman, Marcus 8100: 8081: 8062: 8053: 8026: 8004: 7995: 7973: 7947: 7938: 7919: 7897: 7890: 7888: 7886: 7858: 7836: 7824: 7810: 7797: 7788: 7765: 7748: 7742: 7736: 7726: 7720: 7710: 7704: 7690: 7684: 7678: 7672: 7666: 7660: 7654: 7648: 7642: 7636: 7630: 7624: 7618: 7612: 7606: 7600: 7590: 7584: 7578: 7572: 7562: 7556: 7546: 7540: 7530: 7524: 7518: 7512: 7511: 7490: 7484: 7478: 7472: 7466: 7460: 7454: 7448: 7447: 7439: 7433: 7423: 7414: 7404: 7398: 7392: 7386: 7376: 7370: 7361: 7355: 7337: 7331: 7321: 7315: 7305: 7299: 7289: 7283: 7269: 7263: 7257: 7251: 7245: 7239: 7233: 7227: 7221: 7215: 7205: 7199: 7193: 7187: 7177: 7171: 7165: 7159: 7141: 7135: 7128: 7122: 7116: 7110: 7104: 7098: 7084: 7078: 7064: 7058: 7048: 7042: 7036: 7030: 7020: 7014: 7008: 7002: 6996: 6990: 6984: 6978: 6964: 6958: 6957: 6939: 6915: 6909: 6903: 6897: 6883: 6877: 6863: 6857: 6847: 6841: 6831: 6825: 6815: 6809: 6803: 6797: 6787: 6781: 6775: 6769: 6763: 6757: 6751: 6745: 6739: 6733: 6726: 6720: 6714: 6708: 6702: 6696: 6690: 6684: 6674: 6668: 6654: 6648: 6642: 6636: 6629:Oxburgh Hangings 6614: 6608: 6607: 6593: 6587: 6581: 6575: 6569: 6563: 6553: 6547: 6541: 6535: 6525: 6519: 6509: 6503: 6497: 6491: 6481: 6475: 6470:, pp. 352; 6465: 6459: 6458: 6437: 6431: 6425: 6419: 6409: 6403: 6389: 6383: 6373: 6367: 6361: 6355: 6345: 6339: 6325: 6319: 6297: 6291: 6280: 6274: 6264: 6258: 6248: 6242: 6236: 6216: 6210: 6196: 6190: 6180: 6174: 6168: 6162: 6152: 6146: 6140: 6134: 6128: 6122: 6112: 6106: 6088: 6082: 6072: 6066: 6060: 6054: 6040: 6034: 6024: 6018: 6000: 5994: 5984: 5978: 5960: 5954: 5940: 5934: 5928: 5922: 5908: 5902: 5896: 5890: 5880: 5874: 5864: 5858: 5852: 5846: 5832: 5826: 5820: 5814: 5784: 5778: 5764: 5758: 5748: 5742: 5732: 5726: 5711: 5705: 5699: 5693: 5681: 5675: 5666: 5660: 5650: 5644: 5630: 5624: 5618: 5612: 5598: 5592: 5586: 5580: 5574: 5568: 5549: 5543: 5525: 5519: 5509: 5503: 5497: 5491: 5481: 5475: 5465: 5459: 5445: 5439: 5429: 5423: 5405: 5399: 5389: 5383: 5373: 5367: 5353: 5347: 5329: 5323: 5309: 5303: 5289: 5283: 5265: 5259: 5258:, pp. 88–97 5249: 5243: 5242:, pp. 87–88 5233: 5227: 5221: 5215: 5197: 5191: 5177: 5171: 5170:, pp. 79–82 5165: 5159: 5149: 5143: 5137: 5131: 5125: 5119: 5113: 5107: 5101: 5095: 5085: 5079: 5065: 5059: 5052: 5046: 5036: 5030: 5007: 5001: 4987: 4981: 4971: 4965: 4964:, pp. 45–46 4955: 4949: 4943: 4937: 4927: 4921: 4903: 4897: 4896: 4888: 4882: 4876: 4870: 4856: 4850: 4836: 4830: 4820: 4814: 4808: 4802: 4792: 4786: 4772: 4766: 4760: 4754: 4692: 4686: 4680: 4674: 4664: 4658: 4644: 4638: 4629: 4623: 4617: 4611: 4605: 4599: 4593: 4587: 4573: 4567: 4566:, pp. 21–22 4557: 4551: 4541: 4535: 4529: 4523: 4505: 4499: 4493: 4487: 4477: 4471: 4453: 4447: 4446: 4425: 4419: 4409: 4403: 4385: 4379: 4369: 4363: 4345: 4339: 4329: 4323: 4322: 4320: 4318: 4313:. 8 October 2021 4303: 4297: 4296: 4286: 4280: 4279: 4277: 4275: 4256: 4250: 4236: 4230: 4229:, pp. 47–48 4224: 4218: 4212: 4206: 4196: 4190: 4180: 4174: 4168: 4162: 4152: 4146: 4140: 4134: 4124: 4118: 4104: 4098: 4072: 4066: 4060: 4054: 4044: 4038: 4037:, pp. 31–32 4032: 4026: 4025: 4015: 4006: 3975: 3969: 3959: 3953: 3939: 3933: 3932:, pp. 10–11 3927: 3921: 3907: 3901: 3887: 3881: 3880:, pp. 33–34 3871: 3865: 3864:, pp. 58–59 3859: 3853: 3839: 3833: 3832:, pp. 20–21 3827: 3821: 3810: 3804: 3794: 3788: 3782: 3776: 3775:, pp. 19–20 3770: 3764: 3758: 3752: 3738: 3732: 3726: 3715: 3705: 3699: 3698:, pp. 49–50 3685: 3679: 3678: 3658: 3652: 3633: 3627: 3617: 3611: 3601: 3595: 3585: 3579: 3560: 3554: 3548: 3542: 3532: 3526: 3520: 3514: 3508: 3502: 3501: 3499: 3497: 3486: 3480: 3474: 3468: 3454: 3448: 3421: 3380: 3086:Margaret Douglas 2418:Mary of Guelders 2387: 2386: 2378: 2377: 2360:Gordon Donaldson 2173:privy councillor 2113:Sir Amias Paulet 1979:Chatsworth House 1967:Sheffield Castle 1963:Bess of Hardwick 1947:Royal Collection 1844:north of England 1828:Dundrennan Abbey 1816:Lochleven Castle 1792: 1791: 1776: 1775: 1760: 1759: 1744: 1743: 1728: 1727: 1712: 1711: 1696: 1695: 1680: 1679: 1664: 1663: 1648: 1647: 1632: 1631: 1621:Lochleven Castle 1616: 1615: 1609: 1585:Lochleven Castle 1450:Hermitage Castle 1446:Scottish Borders 1438:Edinburgh Castle 1378:Alexander Gordon 1293:, a daughter of 1195:Sir Henry Sidney 1190:heir presumptive 1072: 1070:La Reine Blanche 887: 886: 879: 783:Dumbarton Castle 761:Battle of Pinkie 746:Duke of Somerset 742:Earl of Hertford 626:Robert the Bruce 508:Lochleven Castle 379: 310: 308: 304: 300: 277: 275: 271: 267: 244: 242: 238: 234: 120: 85:9 September 1543 59: 58: 1558–1560 56: 51: 39: 38: 21: 10807: 10806: 10802: 10801: 10800: 10798: 10797: 10796: 10682:House of Stuart 10577: 10576: 10575: 10570: 10559: 10540: 10521: 10493: 10469: 10450:Anne of Austria 10425: 10400: 10312:House of Valois 10306: 10182:Rozala of Italy 10162: 10053: 10044: 9905: 9904: 9885: 9882: 9852: 9847: 9735: 9730: 9700: 9695: 9682: 9674: 9401: 9394: 9350:Constantine (I) 9230:Galam Cennalath 9166: 9159: 9154: 9124: 9119: 9102: 9029: 9005: 8970:Oliver Cromwell 8946: 8921: 8916: 8763:Constantine III 8672: 8497:Harold Harefoot 8487:Edmund Ironside 8398: 8393: and 8384: 8345: 8336: 8328: 8311: 8302: 8294: 8278:8 February 1587 8273: 8271:8 December 1542 8267: 8266: 8263:House of Stuart 8259: 8242: 8190: 8185: 8179: 8158: 8152: 8139: 8125: 8119: 8103: 8097: 8084: 8078: 8065: 8056: 8050: 8037: 8033: 8031:Further reading 8023: 7992: 7970: 7935: 7916: 7891: 7884: 7882: 7855: 7841:Fraser, Antonia 7833: 7785: 7756: 7751: 7743: 7739: 7731:, p. 502; 7727: 7723: 7711: 7707: 7699:, p. 313: 7691: 7687: 7679: 7675: 7667: 7663: 7655: 7651: 7643: 7639: 7631: 7627: 7619: 7615: 7607: 7603: 7591: 7587: 7579: 7575: 7567:, p. 504; 7563: 7559: 7551:, p. 541; 7547: 7543: 7531: 7527: 7519: 7515: 7508: 7491: 7487: 7479: 7475: 7467: 7463: 7455: 7451: 7440: 7436: 7428:, p. 540; 7424: 7417: 7409:, p. 539; 7405: 7401: 7393: 7389: 7377: 7373: 7362: 7358: 7350:, p. 209; 7342:, p. 538; 7338: 7334: 7322: 7318: 7310:, p. 537; 7306: 7302: 7290: 7286: 7278:, p. 498; 7274:, p. 531; 7270: 7266: 7258: 7254: 7246: 7242: 7234: 7230: 7222: 7218: 7206: 7202: 7194: 7190: 7178: 7174: 7166: 7162: 7142: 7138: 7129: 7125: 7117: 7113: 7105: 7101: 7093:, p. 507; 7085: 7081: 7065: 7061: 7049: 7045: 7037: 7033: 7025:, p. 457; 7021: 7017: 7009: 7005: 6997: 6993: 6985: 6981: 6969:, p. 473; 6965: 6961: 6916: 6912: 6904: 6900: 6892:, p. 493; 6888:, p. 467; 6884: 6880: 6864: 6860: 6852:, p. 469; 6848: 6844: 6836:, p. 496; 6832: 6828: 6816: 6812: 6804: 6800: 6788: 6784: 6776: 6772: 6764: 6760: 6752: 6748: 6740: 6736: 6727: 6723: 6715: 6711: 6703: 6699: 6691: 6687: 6679:, p. 442; 6675: 6671: 6663:, p. 441; 6655: 6651: 6643: 6639: 6625:Marian Hangings 6615: 6611: 6594: 6590: 6582: 6578: 6570: 6566: 6558:, p. 390; 6554: 6550: 6542: 6538: 6530:, p. 459; 6526: 6522: 6510: 6506: 6498: 6494: 6486:, p. 470; 6482: 6478: 6466: 6462: 6455: 6438: 6434: 6426: 6422: 6410: 6406: 6390: 6386: 6374: 6370: 6362: 6358: 6350:, p. 392; 6346: 6342: 6334:, p. 465; 6330:, p. 193; 6326: 6322: 6314:, p. 527; 6298: 6294: 6286:, p. 395; 6281: 6277: 6269:, p. 407; 6265: 6261: 6253:, p. 435; 6249: 6245: 6217: 6213: 6205:, p. 464; 6201:, p. 432; 6197: 6193: 6181: 6177: 6169: 6165: 6153: 6149: 6141: 6137: 6129: 6125: 6117:, p. 430; 6113: 6109: 6101:, p. 434; 6097:, p. 435; 6093:, p. 369; 6089: 6085: 6077:, p. 369; 6073: 6069: 6061: 6057: 6045:, p. 369; 6041: 6037: 6029:, p. 368; 6025: 6021: 6013:, p. 432; 6009:, p. 367; 6001: 5997: 5985: 5981: 5973:, p. 421; 5969:, p. 366; 5965:, p. 347; 5961: 5957: 5949:, p. 413; 5945:, p. 364; 5941: 5937: 5929: 5925: 5917:, p. 351; 5913:, p. 335; 5909: 5905: 5897: 5893: 5881: 5877: 5865: 5861: 5853: 5849: 5837:, p. 319; 5833: 5829: 5821: 5817: 5797:, p. 117; 5785: 5781: 5769:, p. 313; 5765: 5761: 5749: 5745: 5737:, p. 304; 5733: 5729: 5712: 5708: 5700: 5696: 5692:, p. 255). 5682: 5678: 5671:, p. 252; 5667: 5663: 5655:, p. 296; 5651: 5647: 5631: 5627: 5619: 5615: 5599: 5595: 5587: 5583: 5575: 5571: 5563:, p. 177; 5553:Robert Pitcairn 5550: 5546: 5526: 5522: 5514:, p. 160; 5510: 5506: 5498: 5494: 5486:, p. 275; 5482: 5478: 5470:, p. 276; 5466: 5462: 5454:, p. 274; 5446: 5442: 5430: 5426: 5406: 5402: 5390: 5386: 5374: 5370: 5362:, p. 260; 5358:, p. 259; 5354: 5350: 5338:, p. 259; 5330: 5326: 5310: 5306: 5290: 5286: 5274:, p. 245; 5270:, p. 247; 5266: 5262: 5250: 5246: 5238:, p. 239; 5234: 5230: 5222: 5218: 5206:, p. 231; 5202:, p. 234; 5198: 5194: 5178: 5174: 5166: 5162: 5150: 5146: 5138: 5134: 5126: 5122: 5114: 5110: 5102: 5098: 5090:, p. 219; 5086: 5082: 5074:, p. 219; 5070:, p. 124; 5066: 5062: 5053: 5049: 5041:, p. 230; 5037: 5033: 5021:, p. 224; 5008: 5004: 4996:, p. 204; 4992:, p. 125; 4988: 4984: 4976:, p. 118; 4972: 4968: 4960:, p. 206; 4956: 4952: 4944: 4940: 4932:, p. 178; 4928: 4924: 4912:, p. 202; 4908:, p. 220; 4904: 4900: 4889: 4885: 4877: 4873: 4857: 4853: 4841:, p. 212; 4837: 4833: 4821: 4817: 4809: 4805: 4797:, p. 162; 4793: 4789: 4773: 4769: 4761: 4757: 4729:, the Earls of 4693: 4689: 4681: 4677: 4669:, p. 167; 4665: 4661: 4645: 4641: 4630: 4626: 4618: 4614: 4606: 4602: 4594: 4590: 4582:, p. 134; 4578:, p. 137; 4574: 4570: 4558: 4554: 4542: 4538: 4530: 4526: 4506: 4502: 4494: 4490: 4478: 4474: 4454: 4450: 4443: 4429:Thompson, James 4426: 4422: 4410: 4406: 4394:, p. 100; 4386: 4382: 4370: 4366: 4346: 4342: 4330: 4326: 4316: 4314: 4311:British Library 4305: 4304: 4300: 4287: 4283: 4273: 4271: 4257: 4253: 4237: 4233: 4225: 4221: 4213: 4209: 4197: 4193: 4181: 4177: 4169: 4165: 4153: 4149: 4141: 4137: 4125: 4121: 4105: 4101: 4073: 4069: 4061: 4057: 4045: 4041: 4033: 4029: 4013: 3997:, eds. (1912). 3976: 3972: 3960: 3956: 3940: 3936: 3928: 3924: 3908: 3904: 3888: 3884: 3872: 3868: 3860: 3856: 3840: 3836: 3828: 3824: 3816:, p. 289; 3811: 3807: 3795: 3791: 3783: 3779: 3771: 3767: 3759: 3755: 3739: 3735: 3727: 3718: 3706: 3702: 3686: 3682: 3659: 3655: 3634: 3630: 3618: 3614: 3602: 3598: 3586: 3582: 3561: 3557: 3549: 3545: 3533: 3529: 3521: 3517: 3509: 3505: 3495: 3493: 3488: 3487: 3483: 3475: 3471: 3465:Julian calendar 3455: 3451: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3397: 3376: 2376: 2327:George Buchanan 2323: 2317: 2270:Tower of London 2225:Elizabeth Curle 2185: 2169:William Davison 2125: 2068:John of Austria 2014:Tower of London 1975:Wingfield Manor 1939: 1887:Duke of Norfolk 1878: 1872: 1852:Carlisle Castle 1848:Workington Hall 1812: 1811: 1810: 1808: 1802: 1801: 1800: 1799: 1793: 1785: 1784: 1783: 1777: 1769: 1768: 1767: 1761: 1753: 1752: 1751: 1745: 1737: 1736: 1735: 1729: 1721: 1720: 1719: 1713: 1705: 1704: 1703: 1697: 1689: 1688: 1687: 1681: 1673: 1672: 1671: 1665: 1657: 1656: 1655: 1653:Carlisle Castle 1649: 1641: 1640: 1639: 1637:Workington Hall 1633: 1625: 1624: 1623: 1617: 1601: 1554:Holyrood Palace 1530: 1415: 1409: 1349:Chaseabout Raid 1307:Holyrood Palace 1287:Hamilton family 1249: 1234:Thomas Randolph 1177:(1565), now in 1143:Lord Chancellor 1075:François Clouet 1061: 954: 908:, Spanish, and 807: 710:Stirling Castle 672: 656:Cardinal Beaton 618:House of Stuart 593:. Margaret was 547: 445:married Francis 313: 312: 296: 292: 289: 279: 263: 259: 256: 246: 230: 226: 223: 205: 204: 199: 198:28 October 1612 197: 191: 178: 165: 164:8 December 1542 137: 122: 121: 116: 60: 57: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10805: 10795: 10794: 10789: 10784: 10779: 10777:Scottish poets 10774: 10769: 10764: 10759: 10754: 10749: 10744: 10739: 10734: 10729: 10724: 10719: 10714: 10709: 10704: 10699: 10694: 10689: 10684: 10679: 10674: 10669: 10664: 10659: 10654: 10649: 10644: 10639: 10634: 10632:Child monarchs 10629: 10624: 10622:Babington Plot 10619: 10614: 10609: 10604: 10599: 10594: 10589: 10572: 10571: 10564: 10561: 10560: 10558: 10557: 10551: 10549: 10542: 10541: 10539: 10538: 10532: 10530: 10523: 10522: 10520: 10519: 10512: 10504: 10502: 10495: 10494: 10492: 10491: 10486: 10480: 10478: 10471: 10470: 10468: 10467: 10462: 10457: 10452: 10447: 10442: 10436: 10434: 10427: 10426: 10424: 10423: 10415: 10413: 10402: 10401: 10399: 10398: 10393: 10388: 10383: 10378: 10373: 10368: 10363: 10361:Joan of France 10358: 10353: 10348: 10346:Marie of Anjou 10343: 10338: 10333: 10328: 10323: 10317: 10315: 10308: 10307: 10305: 10304: 10302:Joan of Évreux 10299: 10294: 10289: 10284: 10279: 10274: 10269: 10264: 10259: 10254: 10249: 10244: 10239: 10234: 10229: 10224: 10219: 10214: 10209: 10204: 10199: 10194: 10189: 10184: 10179: 10173: 10171: 10168:House of Capet 10164: 10163: 10161: 10160: 10155: 10150: 10148:Emma of France 10145: 10140: 10135: 10130: 10125: 10120: 10115: 10110: 10105: 10100: 10095: 10090: 10085: 10080: 10075: 10070: 10064: 10062: 10046: 10045: 10043: 10042: 10037: 10032: 10027: 10022: 10017: 10012: 10007: 10002: 9997: 9992: 9987: 9982: 9977: 9972: 9967: 9962: 9957: 9952: 9947: 9942: 9937: 9932: 9927: 9922: 9916: 9914: 9907: 9906: 9903: 9902: 9897: 9891: 9890: 9887: 9886: 9881: 9880: 9873: 9866: 9858: 9849: 9848: 9846: 9845: 9837: 9829: 9821: 9813: 9805: 9797: 9789: 9781: 9773: 9765: 9757: 9749: 9740: 9737: 9736: 9729: 9728: 9721: 9714: 9706: 9697: 9696: 9694: 9693: 9679: 9676: 9675: 9673: 9672: 9667: 9662: 9657: 9652: 9647: 9642: 9637: 9632: 9627: 9622: 9617: 9612: 9607: 9602: 9597: 9592: 9587: 9580: 9575: 9568: 9563: 9558: 9553: 9548: 9543: 9538: 9533: 9528: 9523: 9518: 9513: 9508: 9503: 9498: 9493: 9488: 9483: 9478: 9473: 9468: 9463: 9458: 9453: 9448: 9443: 9438: 9432: 9427: 9422: 9417: 9412: 9406: 9404: 9396: 9395: 9393: 9392: 9387: 9382: 9377: 9372: 9367: 9362: 9357: 9352: 9347: 9342: 9337: 9332: 9327: 9322: 9317: 9312: 9307: 9302: 9297: 9292: 9287: 9282: 9277: 9272: 9267: 9262: 9257: 9252: 9247: 9242: 9237: 9232: 9227: 9222: 9217: 9212: 9207: 9202: 9197: 9192: 9187: 9182: 9177: 9171: 9169: 9161: 9160: 9153: 9152: 9145: 9138: 9130: 9121: 9120: 9118: 9117: 9111: 9108: 9107: 9104: 9103: 9101: 9100: 9095: 9090: 9085: 9080: 9075: 9070: 9065: 9060: 9055: 9050: 9045: 9040: 9034: 9031: 9030: 9028: 9027: 9011: 9010: 9007: 9006: 9004: 9003: 8998: 8989: 8984: 8979: 8978: 8977: 8972: 8962: 8957: 8951: 8948: 8947: 8945: 8944: 8927: 8926: 8923: 8922: 8918: 8917: 8915: 8914: 8909: 8904: 8899: 8894: 8889: 8884: 8879: 8874: 8869: 8866:Edward Balliol 8862: 8857: 8852: 8847: 8840: 8835: 8830: 8825: 8820: 8815: 8810: 8805: 8800: 8795: 8790: 8785: 8780: 8775: 8770: 8765: 8760: 8755: 8748: 8743: 8738: 8733: 8728: 8726:Constantine II 8723: 8718: 8711: 8704: 8697: 8690: 8683: 8675: 8673: 8671: 8670: 8665: 8654: 8647: 8642: 8637: 8632: 8627: 8622: 8617: 8612: 8607: 8602: 8597: 8592: 8587: 8582: 8577: 8570: 8565: 8560: 8553: 8548: 8541: 8536: 8531: 8526: 8521: 8518:Edgar Ætheling 8514: 8509: 8504: 8499: 8494: 8489: 8484: 8477: 8472: 8467: 8462: 8457: 8452: 8447: 8442: 8435: 8428: 8420: 8417: 8416: 8413: 8407: 8400: 8399: 8383: 8382: 8375: 8368: 8360: 8352: 8351: 8343: 8338: 8329: 8324: 8320: 8319: 8317:French royalty 8313: 8312: 8307: 8304: 8295: 8290: 8286: 8285: 8284:Regnal titles 8281: 8280: 8260: 8257: 8252: 8251: 8246: 8231: 8223: 8209: 8200: 8189: 8188:External links 8186: 8184: 8183: 8177: 8156: 8150: 8137: 8123: 8117: 8101: 8095: 8082: 8076: 8063: 8054: 8048: 8034: 8032: 8029: 8028: 8027: 8021: 8009:Wormald, Jenny 8005: 7996: 7990: 7974: 7968: 7948: 7939: 7933: 7920: 7914: 7898: 7859: 7853: 7837: 7831: 7811: 7798: 7789: 7783: 7766: 7755: 7752: 7750: 7749: 7737: 7721: 7705: 7685: 7673: 7661: 7649: 7637: 7625: 7613: 7601: 7585: 7573: 7557: 7541: 7525: 7513: 7506: 7485: 7473: 7461: 7449: 7434: 7415: 7399: 7397:, pp. 7–8 7387: 7371: 7356: 7332: 7316: 7300: 7284: 7264: 7252: 7240: 7228: 7216: 7200: 7188: 7172: 7160: 7136: 7134:, p. 22). 7123: 7111: 7099: 7079: 7059: 7043: 7031: 7015: 7003: 6991: 6979: 6959: 6930:(2): 101–202. 6910: 6898: 6878: 6858: 6842: 6826: 6810: 6798: 6782: 6770: 6758: 6746: 6734: 6721: 6709: 6697: 6685: 6669: 6649: 6637: 6609: 6588: 6576: 6564: 6548: 6536: 6520: 6504: 6492: 6476: 6460: 6453: 6432: 6420: 6404: 6384: 6368: 6356: 6340: 6320: 6292: 6275: 6259: 6243: 6241:, p. 432. 6211: 6191: 6175: 6163: 6147: 6135: 6123: 6107: 6083: 6067: 6055: 6035: 6019: 5995: 5979: 5955: 5935: 5923: 5903: 5891: 5875: 5859: 5847: 5827: 5815: 5813:, p. 163. 5795:Donaldson 1974 5779: 5759: 5743: 5727: 5706: 5694: 5676: 5661: 5645: 5625: 5613: 5593: 5581: 5569: 5544: 5520: 5504: 5492: 5476: 5460: 5440: 5424: 5400: 5384: 5368: 5348: 5324: 5304: 5284: 5278:, p. 95; 5260: 5244: 5228: 5216: 5210:, p. 83; 5192: 5172: 5160: 5154:, p. 78; 5144: 5132: 5120: 5108: 5096: 5080: 5060: 5058:, p. 82). 5047: 5031: 5002: 4982: 4966: 4950: 4938: 4922: 4916:, p. 52; 4898: 4883: 4871: 4851: 4831: 4815: 4803: 4787: 4781:, p. 42; 4767: 4755: 4753:, p. 30). 4739:Earl Marischal 4687: 4675: 4659: 4639: 4624: 4612: 4600: 4588: 4568: 4552: 4536: 4524: 4518:, p. 20; 4500: 4488: 4482:, p. 97; 4472: 4466:, p. 14; 4448: 4441: 4420: 4414:, p. 88; 4404: 4398:, p. 19; 4380: 4374:, p. 85; 4364: 4358:, p. 18; 4350:, p. 83; 4340: 4334:, p. 83; 4324: 4298: 4281: 4251: 4245:, p. 17; 4231: 4219: 4207: 4201:, p. 62; 4191: 4175: 4163: 4157:, p. 37; 4147: 4135: 4119: 4099: 4091:Donaldson 1974 4077:, p. 12; 4067: 4055: 4039: 4027: 3970: 3954: 3948:, p. 11; 3944:, p. 30; 3934: 3922: 3916:, p. 10; 3902: 3896:, p. 36; 3892:, p. 26; 3882: 3866: 3854: 3848:, p. 32; 3844:, p. 22; 3834: 3822: 3805: 3799:, p. 21; 3789: 3777: 3765: 3753: 3747:, p. 25; 3743:, p. 18; 3733: 3716: 3700: 3680: 3663:, p. 15; 3653: 3647:, p. 22; 3643:, p. 18; 3639:, p. 88; 3628: 3622:, p. 13; 3612: 3606:, p. 12; 3596: 3590:, p. 12; 3580: 3555: 3543: 3537:, p. 11; 3527: 3515: 3503: 3481: 3469: 3449: 3447:, p. 11). 3443:, p. 13; 3415: 3413: 3410: 3409: 3408: 3403: 3396: 3393: 3390: 3389: 3386: 3384: 3383: 3381: 3378:James VI and I 3374: 3372: 3370: 3368: 3366: 3364: 3362: 3360: 3358: 3356: 3354: 3352: 3350: 3348: 3345: 3343: 3342: 3340: 3338: 3336: 3334: 3332: 3330: 3328: 3326: 3324: 3322: 3320: 3318: 3316: 3314: 3312: 3310: 3308: 3305: 3304: 3302: 3300: 3298: 3296: 3294: 3292: 3290: 3287: 3286: 3284: 3282: 3280: 3275: 3273: 3268: 3266: 3261: 3259: 3254: 3252: 3250: 3248: 3246: 3244: 3239: 3237: 3235: 3230: 3228: 3226: 3224: 3222: 3219: 3218: 3216: 3214: 3212: 3210: 3208: 3206: 3204: 3202: 3200: 3198: 3195: 3194: 3192: 3190: 3188: 3186: 3184: 3182: 3180: 3178: 3176: 3174: 3172: 3170: 3168: 3166: 3164: 3162: 3160: 3158: 3156: 3154: 3152: 3150: 3148: 3146: 3144: 3142: 3140: 3138: 3136: 3134: 3132: 3130: 3128: 3126: 3124: 3122: 3120: 3117: 3116: 3114: 3112: 3110: 3107: 3106: 3104: 3102: 3100: 3098: 3096: 3094: 3092: 3090: 3088: 3083: 3081: 3076: 3074: 3069: 3067: 3062: 3060: 3055: 3053: 3047: 3046: 3044: 3042: 3040: 3038: 3036: 3034: 3032: 3030: 3028: 3026: 3023: 3022: 3020: 3018: 3016: 3014: 3012: 3010: 3008: 3006: 3004: 3002: 3000: 2998: 2996: 2994: 2992: 2990: 2988: 2986: 2984: 2982: 2980: 2978: 2976: 2974: 2972: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2964: 2962: 2960: 2958: 2956: 2954: 2952: 2950: 2948: 2946: 2943: 2942: 2940: 2938: 2936: 2934: 2932: 2930: 2928: 2926: 2924: 2922: 2919: 2918: 2916: 2914: 2909: 2907: 2902: 2900: 2898:Margaret Tudor 2895: 2893: 2891: 2889: 2887: 2885: 2883: 2878: 2876: 2871: 2869: 2864: 2862: 2859: 2858: 2856: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2844: 2842: 2840: 2837: 2836: 2834: 2832: 2830: 2828: 2826: 2824: 2822: 2820: 2818: 2816: 2814: 2812: 2810: 2808: 2806: 2804: 2802: 2800: 2798: 2796: 2794: 2792: 2790: 2788: 2786: 2784: 2782: 2780: 2778: 2776: 2774: 2772: 2770: 2768: 2765: 2764: 2762: 2759: 2758: 2756: 2754: 2749: 2747: 2742: 2740: 2735: 2733: 2728: 2726: 2724: 2722: 2720: 2718: 2716: 2714: 2712: 2710: 2708: 2706: 2704: 2701: 2699: 2698: 2696: 2694: 2692: 2690: 2688: 2686: 2684: 2682: 2680: 2678: 2676: 2674: 2672: 2670: 2668: 2666: 2664: 2662: 2660: 2658: 2656: 2654: 2652: 2650: 2648: 2646: 2644: 2642: 2640: 2637: 2635: 2634: 2632: 2630: 2628: 2626: 2624: 2622: 2620: 2617: 2615: 2610: 2608: 2606: 2604: 2602: 2600: 2598: 2596: 2594: 2592: 2590: 2588: 2586: 2583: 2582: 2580: 2578: 2576: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2568: 2566: 2564: 2562: 2560: 2558: 2556: 2554: 2552: 2550: 2548: 2546: 2544: 2542: 2540: 2538: 2536: 2534: 2532: 2530: 2528: 2526: 2524: 2521: 2519: 2518: 2516: 2511: 2509: 2504: 2502: 2500: 2498: 2496: 2494: 2492: 2490: 2488: 2486: 2483: 2482: 2480: 2478: 2476: 2474: 2472: 2469: 2468: 2466: 2464: 2462: 2460: 2458: 2456: 2454: 2452: 2450: 2448: 2446: 2444: 2442: 2440: 2438: 2436: 2434: 2432: 2430: 2427: 2426: 2424: 2421: 2420: 2415: 2413: 2408: 2406: 2404: 2402: 2400: 2398: 2396: 2394: 2392: 2390: 2383: 2382: 2375: 2372: 2356:Antonia Fraser 2352:William Tytler 2339:William Camden 2335:Adam Blackwood 2316: 2313: 2289:James VI and I 2253:Cornelius Cure 2184: 2181: 2141:Babington Plot 2124: 2121: 1987:cloth of state 1955:Tutbury Castle 1938: 1935: 1898:Antonia Fraser 1883:casket letters 1876:Casket letters 1874:Main article: 1871: 1870:Casket letters 1868: 1804: 1803: 1795: 1794: 1787: 1786: 1779: 1778: 1771: 1770: 1763: 1762: 1755: 1754: 1747: 1746: 1739: 1738: 1731: 1730: 1723: 1722: 1715: 1714: 1707: 1706: 1699: 1698: 1691: 1690: 1683: 1682: 1675: 1674: 1667: 1666: 1659: 1658: 1651: 1650: 1643: 1642: 1635: 1634: 1627: 1626: 1619: 1618: 1611: 1610: 1604: 1603: 1602: 1600: 1597: 1576:Scottish peers 1569:Duke of Orkney 1558:Holyrood Abbey 1538:James VI and I 1529: 1526: 1505:Earl of Morton 1411:Main article: 1408: 1405: 1361:Bishop of Ross 1248: 1245: 1060: 1057: 1003:Margaret Tudor 953: 950: 806: 805:Life in France 803: 714:Earl of Lennox 687:royal monogram 671: 668: 624:, daughter of 622:Marjorie Bruce 591:Margaret Tudor 546: 543: 381: 380: 373: 369: 368: 363: 359: 358: 353: 349: 348: 343: 339: 338: 333: 327: 326: 324:James VI and I 321: 315: 314: 294: 290: 285: 284: 283: 282: 261: 257: 252: 251: 250: 249: 228: 224: 219: 218: 217: 216: 213: 211: 207: 206: 200: 193: 192: 188: 184: 183: 175: 171: 170: 162: 158: 157: 154: 153: 150: 146: 145: 139: 138: 136: 135: 129: 115: 114: 113: 111: 107: 106: 101: 97: 96: 91: 87: 86: 83: 77: 76: 73: 69: 68: 62: 61: 52: 44: 43: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10804: 10793: 10790: 10788: 10785: 10783: 10780: 10778: 10775: 10773: 10770: 10768: 10765: 10763: 10760: 10758: 10755: 10753: 10750: 10748: 10745: 10743: 10740: 10738: 10735: 10733: 10730: 10728: 10725: 10723: 10720: 10718: 10715: 10713: 10710: 10708: 10705: 10703: 10700: 10698: 10695: 10693: 10690: 10688: 10685: 10683: 10680: 10678: 10675: 10673: 10670: 10668: 10665: 10663: 10660: 10658: 10655: 10653: 10650: 10648: 10645: 10643: 10640: 10638: 10635: 10633: 10630: 10628: 10625: 10623: 10620: 10618: 10615: 10613: 10610: 10608: 10605: 10603: 10600: 10598: 10595: 10593: 10590: 10588: 10585: 10584: 10582: 10568: 10562: 10556: 10553: 10552: 10550: 10547: 10543: 10537: 10534: 10533: 10531: 10528: 10524: 10518: 10517: 10516:Marie-Thérèse 10513: 10511: 10510: 10506: 10505: 10503: 10500: 10496: 10490: 10487: 10485: 10482: 10481: 10479: 10476: 10472: 10466: 10463: 10461: 10458: 10456: 10453: 10451: 10448: 10446: 10443: 10441: 10438: 10437: 10435: 10432: 10428: 10422: 10421: 10417: 10416: 10414: 10412: 10409: 10408: 10403: 10397: 10394: 10392: 10389: 10387: 10384: 10382: 10379: 10377: 10374: 10372: 10369: 10367: 10364: 10362: 10359: 10357: 10354: 10352: 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9512: 9509: 9507: 9504: 9502: 9499: 9497: 9494: 9492: 9489: 9487: 9484: 9482: 9479: 9477: 9474: 9472: 9469: 9467: 9464: 9462: 9459: 9457: 9454: 9452: 9449: 9447: 9444: 9442: 9439: 9436: 9433: 9431: 9428: 9426: 9423: 9421: 9418: 9416: 9413: 9411: 9408: 9407: 9405: 9403: 9402:(traditional) 9397: 9391: 9388: 9386: 9383: 9381: 9378: 9376: 9373: 9371: 9368: 9366: 9363: 9361: 9358: 9356: 9353: 9351: 9348: 9346: 9343: 9341: 9338: 9336: 9333: 9331: 9328: 9326: 9323: 9321: 9318: 9316: 9313: 9311: 9308: 9306: 9303: 9301: 9298: 9296: 9293: 9291: 9288: 9286: 9283: 9281: 9278: 9276: 9273: 9271: 9268: 9266: 9263: 9261: 9258: 9256: 9253: 9251: 9248: 9246: 9243: 9241: 9238: 9236: 9233: 9231: 9228: 9226: 9223: 9221: 9218: 9216: 9213: 9211: 9208: 9206: 9203: 9201: 9198: 9196: 9195:Galan Erilich 9193: 9191: 9188: 9186: 9183: 9181: 9178: 9176: 9173: 9172: 9170: 9168: 9167:(traditional) 9162: 9158: 9151: 9146: 9144: 9139: 9137: 9132: 9131: 9128: 9116: 9113: 9112: 9109: 9099: 9096: 9094: 9091: 9089: 9086: 9084: 9081: 9079: 9076: 9074: 9071: 9069: 9066: 9064: 9061: 9059: 9056: 9054: 9051: 9049: 9046: 9044: 9041: 9039: 9036: 9035: 9032: 9026: 9025: 9020: 9019: 9016: 9012: 9002: 8999: 8997: 8993: 8990: 8988: 8985: 8983: 8980: 8976: 8973: 8971: 8968: 8967: 8966: 8963: 8961: 8958: 8956: 8953: 8952: 8949: 8943: 8941: 8936: 8935: 8932: 8928: 8913: 8910: 8908: 8905: 8903: 8900: 8898: 8895: 8893: 8890: 8888: 8885: 8883: 8880: 8878: 8875: 8873: 8870: 8868: 8867: 8863: 8861: 8858: 8856: 8853: 8851: 8848: 8846: 8845: 8841: 8839: 8838:Alexander III 8836: 8834: 8831: 8829: 8826: 8824: 8821: 8819: 8816: 8814: 8811: 8809: 8806: 8804: 8801: 8799: 8796: 8794: 8791: 8789: 8786: 8784: 8781: 8779: 8776: 8774: 8771: 8769: 8766: 8764: 8761: 8759: 8756: 8754: 8753: 8749: 8747: 8744: 8742: 8739: 8737: 8734: 8732: 8729: 8727: 8724: 8722: 8719: 8717: 8716: 8712: 8710: 8709: 8705: 8703: 8702: 8698: 8696: 8695: 8694:Constantine I 8691: 8689: 8688: 8684: 8682: 8681: 8677: 8676: 8674: 8669: 8666: 8664: 8663: 8658: 8655: 8653: 8652: 8648: 8646: 8643: 8641: 8638: 8636: 8633: 8631: 8628: 8626: 8623: 8621: 8618: 8616: 8613: 8611: 8608: 8606: 8603: 8601: 8598: 8596: 8593: 8591: 8588: 8586: 8583: 8581: 8578: 8576: 8575: 8571: 8569: 8566: 8564: 8561: 8559: 8558: 8554: 8552: 8549: 8547: 8546: 8542: 8540: 8537: 8535: 8532: 8530: 8527: 8525: 8522: 8520: 8519: 8515: 8513: 8510: 8508: 8505: 8503: 8500: 8498: 8495: 8493: 8490: 8488: 8485: 8483: 8482: 8478: 8476: 8473: 8471: 8468: 8466: 8463: 8461: 8458: 8456: 8453: 8451: 8448: 8446: 8443: 8441: 8440: 8436: 8434: 8433: 8429: 8427: 8426: 8422: 8421: 8419: 8418: 8414: 8411: 8410: 8405: 8401: 8396: 8392: 8388: 8381: 8376: 8374: 8369: 8367: 8362: 8361: 8358: 8350: 8349: 8342: 8335: 8334: 8327: 8321: 8318: 8314: 8310: 8301: 8300: 8293: 8287: 8282: 8277: 8270: 8265: 8264: 8255: 8250: 8247: 8239: 8235: 8232: 8230: 8228: 8224: 8221: 8217: 8213: 8210: 8208: 8204: 8201: 8199: 8195: 8192: 8191: 8180: 8174: 8170: 8166: 8162: 8157: 8153: 8147: 8143: 8138: 8134: 8133: 8128: 8127:Read, Conyers 8124: 8120: 8114: 8110: 8106: 8102: 8098: 8092: 8088: 8083: 8079: 8073: 8069: 8064: 8060: 8055: 8051: 8045: 8041: 8036: 8035: 8024: 8018: 8014: 8010: 8006: 8002: 7997: 7993: 7987: 7983: 7979: 7975: 7971: 7965: 7961: 7957: 7953: 7949: 7945: 7940: 7936: 7930: 7926: 7921: 7917: 7911: 7907: 7903: 7899: 7895: 7881: 7877: 7873: 7869: 7865: 7860: 7856: 7850: 7846: 7842: 7838: 7834: 7828: 7823: 7822: 7816: 7812: 7808: 7805:. Edinburgh: 7804: 7799: 7795: 7790: 7786: 7780: 7776: 7772: 7767: 7763: 7758: 7757: 7746: 7745:Warnicke 2006 7741: 7734: 7730: 7725: 7719:, p. 269 7718: 7714: 7709: 7703:, p. 510 7702: 7698: 7694: 7689: 7682: 7677: 7670: 7665: 7658: 7653: 7646: 7641: 7634: 7629: 7622: 7617: 7611:, p. 505 7610: 7605: 7598: 7594: 7589: 7583:, p. 554 7582: 7577: 7571:, p. 509 7570: 7566: 7561: 7554: 7550: 7545: 7539:, p. 509 7538: 7534: 7529: 7523:, p. 532 7522: 7517: 7509: 7503: 7499: 7495: 7489: 7483:, p. 497 7482: 7477: 7471:, p. 541 7470: 7465: 7459:, p. 540 7458: 7453: 7445: 7438: 7431: 7427: 7422: 7420: 7412: 7408: 7403: 7396: 7391: 7384: 7381:, p. 7; 7380: 7375: 7369:, pp. 368–369 7368: 7367: 7360: 7354:, p. 187 7353: 7349: 7346:, p. 7; 7345: 7341: 7336: 7330:, p. 118 7329: 7326:, p. 7; 7325: 7320: 7313: 7309: 7304: 7298:, p. 500 7297: 7293: 7288: 7282:, p. 508 7281: 7277: 7273: 7268: 7262:, p. 496 7261: 7256: 7250:, p. 519 7249: 7244: 7238:, p. 528 7237: 7232: 7226:, p. 529 7225: 7220: 7214:, p. 508 7213: 7209: 7204: 7198:, p. 517 7197: 7192: 7185: 7181: 7176: 7170:, p. 488 7169: 7164: 7158:, p. 508 7157: 7153: 7149: 7145: 7140: 7133: 7127: 7121:, p. 509 7120: 7115: 7109:, p. 508 7108: 7103: 7097:, p. 185 7096: 7092: 7088: 7083: 7077:, p. 507 7076: 7072: 7068: 7063: 7057:, p. 493 7056: 7052: 7047: 7041:, p. 479 7040: 7035: 7029:, p. 507 7028: 7024: 7019: 7013:, p. 472 7012: 7007: 7000: 6995: 6988: 6983: 6977:, p. 506 6976: 6972: 6968: 6963: 6955: 6951: 6947: 6943: 6938: 6933: 6929: 6925: 6921: 6914: 6908:, p. 446 6907: 6902: 6896:, p. 184 6895: 6891: 6887: 6882: 6876:, p. 183 6875: 6871: 6867: 6862: 6856:, p. 451 6855: 6851: 6846: 6840:, p. 180 6839: 6835: 6830: 6824:, p. 487 6823: 6819: 6814: 6808:, p. 179 6807: 6802: 6795: 6791: 6786: 6779: 6774: 6767: 6762: 6755: 6750: 6744:, p. 443 6743: 6738: 6731: 6725: 6719:, p. 439 6718: 6713: 6707:, p. 438 6706: 6701: 6694: 6689: 6683:, p. 484 6682: 6678: 6673: 6667:, p. 184 6666: 6662: 6658: 6653: 6647:, p. 484 6646: 6641: 6634: 6633:Hardwick Hall 6630: 6626: 6622: 6618: 6613: 6605: 6604: 6599: 6592: 6586:, p. 391 6585: 6580: 6574:, p. 481 6573: 6568: 6562:, p. 481 6561: 6557: 6552: 6545: 6540: 6534:, p. 141 6533: 6532:Williams 1964 6529: 6524: 6518:, p. 453 6517: 6513: 6512:Williams 1964 6508: 6502:, p. 471 6501: 6496: 6489: 6485: 6480: 6473: 6469: 6464: 6456: 6450: 6446: 6442: 6436: 6429: 6424: 6417: 6413: 6408: 6401: 6397: 6393: 6388: 6381: 6377: 6372: 6366:, p. 145 6365: 6360: 6353: 6349: 6344: 6338:, p. 176 6337: 6333: 6329: 6324: 6317: 6313: 6309: 6305: 6301: 6296: 6289: 6285: 6279: 6273:, p. 221 6272: 6268: 6263: 6256: 6252: 6247: 6240: 6234: 6230: 6225: 6221: 6215: 6209:, p. 175 6208: 6204: 6200: 6195: 6188: 6184: 6179: 6173:, p. 184 6172: 6167: 6161:, p. 174 6160: 6156: 6151: 6145:, p. 460 6144: 6139: 6133:, p. 444 6132: 6127: 6121:, p. 445 6120: 6116: 6111: 6105:, p. 174 6104: 6100: 6096: 6092: 6087: 6081:, p. 435 6080: 6076: 6071: 6064: 6059: 6053:, p. 173 6052: 6048: 6044: 6039: 6033:, p. 433 6032: 6028: 6023: 6017:, p. 172 6016: 6012: 6008: 6004: 5999: 5993:, p. 171 5992: 5988: 5983: 5977:, p. 166 5976: 5972: 5968: 5964: 5959: 5953:, p. 165 5952: 5948: 5944: 5939: 5933:, p. 411 5932: 5927: 5921:, p. 398 5920: 5916: 5912: 5907: 5900: 5895: 5889:, p. 165 5888: 5884: 5879: 5872: 5868: 5863: 5857:, p. 382 5856: 5851: 5844: 5840: 5836: 5831: 5824: 5819: 5812: 5808: 5804: 5800: 5796: 5792: 5788: 5783: 5777:, p. 163 5776: 5772: 5768: 5763: 5756: 5752: 5747: 5740: 5736: 5731: 5725:, p. 86. 5724: 5720: 5716: 5710: 5703: 5698: 5691: 5686: 5680: 5674: 5670: 5665: 5659:, p. 161 5658: 5654: 5649: 5642: 5638: 5634: 5629: 5622: 5617: 5610: 5606: 5602: 5597: 5590: 5585: 5579:, p. 189 5578: 5573: 5567:, p. 279 5566: 5562: 5558: 5554: 5548: 5542:, p. 161 5541: 5537: 5533: 5529: 5524: 5518:, p. 160 5517: 5513: 5508: 5502:, p. 161 5501: 5496: 5490:, p. 161 5489: 5485: 5480: 5474:, p. 161 5473: 5469: 5464: 5457: 5453: 5449: 5444: 5437: 5433: 5428: 5421: 5417: 5413: 5409: 5404: 5397: 5393: 5388: 5382:, p. 160 5381: 5377: 5372: 5366:, p. 160 5365: 5361: 5357: 5352: 5346:, p. 159 5345: 5341: 5337: 5333: 5328: 5322:, p. 113 5321: 5317: 5313: 5308: 5301: 5297: 5293: 5288: 5282:, p. 158 5281: 5277: 5273: 5269: 5264: 5257: 5253: 5248: 5241: 5237: 5232: 5226:, p. 156 5225: 5220: 5213: 5209: 5205: 5201: 5196: 5189: 5185: 5181: 5176: 5169: 5164: 5157: 5153: 5148: 5141: 5136: 5130:, p. 100 5129: 5124: 5118:, p. 101 5117: 5112: 5105: 5100: 5093: 5089: 5084: 5077: 5073: 5069: 5064: 5057: 5051: 5045:, p. 150 5044: 5040: 5035: 5029:, p. 149 5028: 5024: 5020: 5016: 5012: 5006: 4999: 4995: 4991: 4986: 4979: 4975: 4970: 4963: 4959: 4954: 4947: 4942: 4935: 4931: 4926: 4920:, p. 147 4919: 4915: 4911: 4907: 4902: 4894: 4887: 4881:, p. 193 4880: 4875: 4868: 4864: 4860: 4855: 4849:, p. 134 4848: 4844: 4840: 4835: 4828: 4824: 4819: 4813:, p. 162 4812: 4807: 4801:, p. 157 4800: 4796: 4791: 4784: 4780: 4776: 4771: 4764: 4759: 4752: 4748: 4744: 4740: 4736: 4732: 4728: 4725: 4721: 4718: 4714: 4711: 4707: 4704: 4700: 4697: 4691: 4685:, p. 145 4684: 4679: 4673:, p. 125 4672: 4668: 4663: 4656: 4652: 4648: 4643: 4637: 4634: 4628: 4622:, p. 126 4621: 4616: 4609: 4604: 4597: 4592: 4585: 4581: 4577: 4572: 4565: 4561: 4556: 4549: 4545: 4540: 4534:, p. 183 4533: 4528: 4521: 4517: 4513: 4509: 4504: 4497: 4492: 4486:, p. 100 4485: 4481: 4476: 4469: 4465: 4461: 4457: 4452: 4444: 4438: 4434: 4430: 4424: 4417: 4413: 4408: 4401: 4397: 4393: 4389: 4384: 4377: 4373: 4368: 4361: 4357: 4353: 4349: 4344: 4337: 4333: 4328: 4312: 4308: 4302: 4294: 4293: 4285: 4269: 4265: 4264: 4255: 4248: 4244: 4240: 4235: 4228: 4223: 4216: 4211: 4204: 4200: 4195: 4188: 4184: 4179: 4172: 4167: 4160: 4156: 4151: 4144: 4139: 4132: 4128: 4123: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4103: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4084: 4080: 4076: 4071: 4064: 4059: 4052: 4048: 4043: 4036: 4031: 4023: 4019: 4012: 4004: 4000: 3996: 3995:Tyler, Royall 3992: 3987: 3983: 3979: 3974: 3967: 3963: 3958: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3938: 3931: 3926: 3919: 3915: 3911: 3906: 3899: 3895: 3891: 3886: 3879: 3875: 3870: 3863: 3858: 3851: 3847: 3843: 3838: 3831: 3826: 3819: 3815: 3814:Clifford 1809 3809: 3802: 3798: 3793: 3786: 3781: 3774: 3769: 3762: 3757: 3750: 3746: 3742: 3737: 3730: 3725: 3723: 3721: 3713: 3709: 3704: 3697: 3693: 3689: 3684: 3676: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3657: 3650: 3646: 3642: 3638: 3637:Clifford 1809 3632: 3625: 3621: 3616: 3609: 3605: 3600: 3593: 3589: 3584: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3565: 3559: 3552: 3547: 3540: 3536: 3531: 3524: 3519: 3512: 3507: 3491: 3485: 3479: 3473: 3466: 3462: 3459: 3453: 3446: 3442: 3438: 3434: 3430: 3426: 3420: 3416: 3407: 3404: 3402: 3399: 3398: 3385: 3379: 3346: 3344: 3306: 3299: 3297: 3288: 3279: 3272: 3265: 3258: 3243: 3234: 3220: 3217: 3209: 3207: 3199: 3197: 3196: 3189: 3181: 3179: 3171: 3169: 3118: 3115: 3113: 3111: 3109: 3108: 3087: 3080: 3073: 3066: 3065:Mary of Guise 3059: 3052: 3048: 3045: 3037: 3035: 3027: 3025: 3024: 2967: 2959: 2957: 2949: 2947: 2944: 2941: 2939: 2937: 2935: 2927: 2925: 2923: 2921: 2920: 2913: 2906: 2899: 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1982: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1948: 1943: 1934: 1930: 1927: 1926:Jenny Wormald 1917: 1913: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1894: 1890: 1888: 1884: 1877: 1867: 1865: 1861: 1860:Bolton Castle 1855: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1807: 1798: 1782: 1766: 1750: 1734: 1718: 1702: 1686: 1670: 1669:Bolton Castle 1654: 1638: 1622: 1608: 1596: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1581: 1580:Carberry Hill 1577: 1572: 1570: 1565: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1550:Dunbar Castle 1547: 1539: 1534: 1525: 1523: 1519: 1513: 1508: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1489:Bastian Pagez 1486: 1485:Kirk o' Field 1482: 1477: 1474: 1470: 1465: 1463: 1457: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1427: 1426:William Cecil 1423: 1422:Kirk o' Field 1419: 1414: 1404: 1402: 1401:Dunbar Castle 1398: 1394: 1389: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1376: 1372: 1369: 1365: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1324: 1319: 1315: 1314:William Cecil 1310: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1299:Wemyss Castle 1296: 1292: 1288: 1283: 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611: 606: 604: 600: 596: 592: 588: 584: 583:Mary of Guise 580: 576: 568: 564: 560: 557:were born at 556: 551: 542: 540: 536: 532: 528: 524: 520: 515: 513: 509: 505: 501: 497: 493: 489: 485: 480: 478: 475:monarch of a 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 454: 450: 446: 442: 438: 434: 430: 426: 422: 421:Mary of Guise 418: 414: 410: 405: 403: 399: 395: 391: 387: 378: 374: 370: 367: 364: 360: 357: 356:Mary of Guise 354: 350: 347: 344: 340: 337: 334: 332: 328: 325: 322: 320: 316: 288: 281: 280: 255: 248: 247: 222: 215: 214: 212: 208: 203: 196: 189: 185: 181: 176: 172: 168: 163: 159: 155: 151: 147: 144: 140: 133: 132:Mary of Guise 130: 127: 124: 123: 119: 112: 108: 105: 102: 98: 95: 92: 88: 84: 82: 78: 74: 70: 67: 63: 50: 45: 40: 37: 33: 19: 10566: 10514: 10507: 10489:Marie Louise 10418: 10410: 10405: 10385: 10202:Anne of Kiev 10050:Carolingians 10025:Bertechildis 9911:Merovingians 9842: 9834: 9826: 9818: 9810: 9802: 9794: 9791: 9786: 9778: 9770: 9762: 9754: 9746: 9634: 9582: 9570: 9556:Alexander II 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New York: 7955: 7943: 7924: 7905: 7883:. 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Under the 971: 966:inescutcheon 938: 930: 917: 891: 831: 808: 769: 754: 752:for safety. 738:Rough Wooing 730: 707: 691: 653: 645:Ralph Sadler 638: 607: 572: 563:West Lothian 555:King James V 516: 496:David Rizzio 481: 441:Rough Wooing 406: 393: 389: 385: 384: 190:30 July 1587 128:(1542–1554) 117: 36: 10597:1587 deaths 10592:1542 births 10548:(1852–1870) 10529:(1830–1848) 10433:(1589–1792) 10411:(1422–1453) 10386:Mary Stuart 10314:(1328–1589) 10040:Chrothildis 10020:Wulfefundis 10015:Ragintrudis 9970:Austregilde 9965:Theudechild 9843:(1824–1830) 9835:(1770–1774) 9827:(1747–1765) 9819:(1745–1746) 9811:(1711–1712) 9803:(1680–1690) 9795:(1558–1559) 9792:Mary Stuart 9787:(1536–1547) 9779:(1451–1461) 9771:(1436–1445) 9763:(1415–1417) 9755:(1412–1415) 9747:(1350–1364) 9536:Alexander I 9486:Kenneth III 9437:(uncertain) 9335:Talorgan II 9300:Nechtan III 9275:Gartnait IV 9240:Gartnait II 9098:Charles III 9083:Edward VIII 8813:Alexander I 8793:Malcolm III 8768:Kenneth III 8668:Elizabeth I 8630:Richard III 7717:Fraser 1994 7693:Fraser 1994 7683:, p. 4 7581:Fraser 1994 7555:, p. 9 7549:Fraser 1994 7533:Fraser 1994 7521:Fraser 1994 7469:Fraser 1994 7457:Fraser 1994 7432:, p. 9 7426:Fraser 1994 7413:, p. 8 7407:Fraser 1994 7340:Fraser 1994 7314:, p. 4 7308:Fraser 1994 7292:Fraser 1994 7272:Fraser 1994 7236:Fraser 1994 7224:Fraser 1994 7208:Fraser 1994 7196:Fraser 1994 7180:Fraser 1994 7148:Fraser 1994 7119:Fraser 1994 7067:Fraser 1994 7055:Fraser 1994 7039:Fraser 1994 7011:Fraser 1994 6987:Fraser 1994 6967:Fraser 1994 6924:Cryptologia 6906:Fraser 1994 6850:Fraser 1994 6818:Fraser 1994 6790:Fraser 1994 6657:Fraser 1994 6584:Fraser 1994 6556:Fraser 1994 6468:Fraser 1994 6416:Fraser 1994 6392:Fraser 1994 6348:Fraser 1994 6267:Fraser 1994 6155:Fraser 1994 6091:Fraser 1994 6075:Fraser 1994 6063:Fraser 1994 6003:Fraser 1994 5963:Fraser 1994 5911:Fraser 1994 5867:Fraser 1994 5835:Fraser 1994 5799:Fraser 1994 5791:Fraser 1994 5767:Fraser 1994 5751:Fraser 1994 5633:Fraser 1994 5601:Fraser 1994 5565:Fraser 1994 5532:Fraser 1994 5468:Fraser 1994 5448:Fraser 1994 5432:Fraser 1994 5416:Fraser 1994 5376:Fraser 1994 5356:Fraser 1994 5332:Fraser 1994 5312:Fraser 1994 5292:Fraser 1994 5268:Fraser 1994 5252:Fraser 1994 5236:Fraser 1994 5200:Fraser 1994 5088:Fraser 1994 5072:Fraser 1994 5039:Fraser 1994 5019:Fraser 1994 5011:Fraser 1994 4974:Fraser 1994 4958:Fraser 1994 4906:Fraser 1994 4859:Fraser 1994 4839:Fraser 1994 4823:Fraser 1994 4811:Fraser 1994 4795:Fraser 1994 4775:Fraser 1994 4747:Earl of Mar 4745:(later the 4667:Fraser 1994 4647:Fraser 1994 4576:Fraser 1994 4544:Fraser 1994 4532:Fraser 1994 4508:Fraser 1994 4480:Fraser 1994 4456:Fraser 1994 4412:Fraser 1994 4388:Fraser 1994 4372:Fraser 1994 4348:Fraser 1994 4332:Fraser 1994 4215:Fraser 1994 4199:Fraser 1994 4183:Fraser 1994 4155:Fraser 1994 4143:Fraser 1994 4107:Fraser 1994 4095:Fraser 1994 4083:Fraser 1994 4063:Fraser 1994 4047:Fraser 1994 4035:Fraser 1994 3942:Fraser 1994 3910:Fraser 1994 3890:Fraser 1994 3874:Fraser 1994 3842:Fraser 1994 3830:Fraser 1994 3818:Fraser 1994 3797:Fraser 1994 3773:Fraser 1994 3761:Fraser 1994 3741:Fraser 1994 3731:, p. 8 3708:Fraser 1994 3688:Fraser 1994 3661:Fraser 1994 3641:Fraser 1994 3620:Fraser 1994 3604:Fraser 1994 3588:Fraser 1994 3535:Fraser 1994 3523:Fraser 1994 3511:Fraser 1994 3441:Fraser 1994 3425:John Lesley 2161:Lord Zouche 2145:Tixall Hall 2098:association 1902:Alison Weir 1574:Twenty-six 1562:Jean Gordon 1364:John Lesley 1276:patrilineal 982:Elizabeth I 968:of England. 685:; reverse, 390:Mary Stuart 134:(1554–1560) 90:Predecessor 10581:Categories 10366:Mary Tudor 10170:(987–1328) 10055:Robertians 10005:Gomentrude 9980:Galswintha 9925:Ultragotha 9665:William II 9650:Charles II 9605:Robert III 9546:Malcolm IV 9526:Donald III 9516:Donald III 9491:Malcolm II 9476:Kenneth II 9385:Bridei VII 9340:Drest VIII 9285:Bridei III 9270:Talorgan I 9265:Talorc III 9245:Nechtan II 9210:Gartnait I 9073:Edward VII 9063:William IV 9053:George III 8982:Charles II 8877:Robert III 8823:Malcolm IV 8798:Donald III 8773:Malcolm II 8758:Kenneth II 8640:Henry VIII 8600:Richard II 8595:Edward III 8529:William II 8502:Harthacnut 8337:1559–1560 8303:1542–1567 7773:. London: 7383:Lewis 1999 7328:Lewis 1999 7132:Lewis 1999 5723:Lewis 1999 5673:Greig 2004 4317:4 February 3412:References 2365:Historian 2348:David Hume 2274:misprision 2209:Shrewsbury 2205:Great Hall 2003:rheumatism 1840:Cumberland 1836:Workington 1733:Chatsworth 1589:Loch Leven 1424:drawn for 1214:Don Carlos 1184:Mary sent 1141:, who was 1087:Charles IX 974:Henry VIII 847:Livingston 787:Haddington 595:Henry VIII 477:Protestant 402:abdication 81:Coronation 10133:Frederuna 10123:Richardis 10083:Hildegard 10061:(751–987) 10035:Bilichild 9985:Fredegund 9960:Marcovefa 9955:Merofleda 9950:Ingoberga 9913:(509–751) 9655:James VII 9645:Charles I 9620:James III 9600:Robert II 9521:Duncan II 9451:Malcolm I 9441:Donald II 9380:Ciniod II 9375:Bridei VI 9355:Óengus II 9305:Drest VII 9295:Bridei IV 9260:Bridei II 9220:Talorc II 9200:Drest III 9185:Nechtan I 9088:George VI 9058:George IV 9048:George II 8960:Charles I 8942:from 1603 8892:James III 8872:Robert II 8828:William I 8803:Duncan II 8731:Malcolm I 8721:Donald II 8645:Edward VI 8635:Henry VII 8620:Edward IV 8590:Edward II 8580:Henry III 8563:Richard I 8524:William I 8445:Æthelstan 7980:(2008) . 7960:Routledge 7902:Guy, John 7896:required) 7843:(1994) . 7733:Weir 2008 7701:Weir 2008 7681:Weir 2008 7569:Weir 2008 7537:Weir 2008 7348:Weir 2008 7280:Weir 2008 7212:Weir 2008 7156:Weir 2008 7144:Boyd 1915 7107:Weir 2008 7091:Weir 2008 7075:Weir 2008 7027:Weir 2008 6975:Weir 2008 6954:256720092 6946:0161-1194 6890:Weir 2008 6870:Weir 2008 6834:Weir 2008 6822:Weir 2008 6681:Weir 2008 6645:Weir 2008 6598:"A catte" 6572:Weir 2008 6560:Weir 2008 6544:Weir 2008 6528:Weir 2008 6516:Weir 2008 6500:Weir 2008 6484:Weir 2008 6400:Weir 2008 6380:Weir 2008 6352:Weir 2008 6332:Weir 2008 6316:Weir 2008 6312:Bain 1900 6288:Weir 2008 6271:Weir 2008 6255:Weir 2008 6203:Weir 2008 6187:Weir 2008 6183:Weir 2008 6143:Bain 1900 6131:Weir 2008 6119:Weir 2008 6099:Weir 2008 6079:Weir 2008 6047:Weir 2008 6031:Weir 2008 6011:Weir 2008 5987:Weir 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9235:Bridei I 9215:Cailtram 9205:Drest IV 9190:Drest II 9180:Talorc I 9078:George V 9068:Victoria 9043:George I 8912:James VI 8897:James IV 8887:James II 8860:David II 8855:Robert I 8844:Margaret 8778:Duncan I 8687:Donald I 8625:Edward V 8615:Henry VI 8605:Henry IV 8585:Edward I 8551:Henry II 8450:Edmund I 8439:Ælfweard 8397:monarchs 8391:Scottish 8309:James VI 8238:LibriVox 8129:(1909). 8107:(2000). 8011:(1988). 7954:(2006). 7904:(2004). 7817:(1974). 7729:Guy 2004 7713:Guy 2004 7697:Guy 2004 7609:Guy 2004 7593:Guy 2004 7565:Guy 2004 7553:Guy 2004 7496:(2006). 7481:Guy 2004 7430:Guy 2004 7411:Guy 2004 7395:Guy 2004 7379:Guy 2004 7344:Guy 2004 7324:Guy 2004 7312:Guy 2004 7296:Guy 2004 7276:Guy 2004 7260:Guy 2004 7248:Guy 2004 7184:Guy 2004 7168:Guy 2004 7152:Guy 2004 7087:Guy 2004 7071:Guy 2004 7051:Guy 2004 7023:Guy 2004 6999:Guy 2004 6971:Guy 2004 6886:Guy 2004 6866:Guy 2004 6854:Guy 2004 6794:Guy 2004 6778:Guy 2004 6766:Guy 2004 6754:Guy 2004 6742:Guy 2004 6730:Guy 2004 6717:Guy 2004 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Mary, Queen of Scots

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