321:
374:, in 1868 she was admitted as the first woman student at École de Médecine, although as a woman she was required to enter lectures through a separate door and sit at the front near the professor. In July 1871, Jacobi graduated with honors and was the second woman to receive a degree from École de Médecine of the University of Paris. Jacobi also received a bronze medal for her
458:. Jacobi did not believe this was the case, and to test the idea she collected extensive physiological data on women throughout their menstrual cycle, including muscle strength tests before and after menstruation. She concluded that "there is nothing in the nature of menstruation to imply the necessity, or even desirability, of rest."
428:." They had three children, two daughters, and one son. The couple's first daughter died at birth and their only son died at the age of seven. Abraham and Mary had only one child who survived to adulthood, their daughter Marjorie Jacobi McAneny. Jacobi educated her daughter herself according to her own educational theories.
498:(1821–1910) viewed medicine as a means for social and moral reform, the younger Jacobi focused on curing disease. Blackwell believed that women would succeed in medicine because of their humane feminine values, but Jacobi thought women's contribution to all medical specialties should be considered equivalent to men's.
33:
396:
After five years of studying in Paris, Jacobi returned to the United States in the fall of 1871. Moving back to New York City, Jacobi established her own private medical practice. Jacobi also participated in research and became a professor in the new Women's
Medical College of the New York Infirmary
482:
in the United States. It expanded on an address she made in 1894 before a constitutional convention in Albany, and was reprinted in 1915 and contributed to the final successful push for women's suffrage. Also in 1894, after the defeat of the women's suffrage amendment to the
333:
Although George Putnam believed a career in medicine was a "repulsive pursuit," he reluctantly agreed to financially support his daughter's decision to pursue medicine, an ambition she had held since childhood. In 1863, Jacobi graduated from the
461:
Jacobi wrote over 120 medical articles and nine books, although she stopped writing fiction in 1871. In 1891 she contributed a paper on the history of women physicians in the United States, titled "Woman in
Medicine," to the volume
275:
In 1848, at the age of six, Jacobi moved with her family from London to New York, where she spent the rest of her childhood and adolescence. Mary was educated at home by her mother before attending a private school in
442:
365:
During a short internship in which she studied clinical medicine at the New
England Hospital for Women and Children, Jacobi decided to further her study of medicine and apply to École de Médecine of the
268:. She was the oldest of eleven children. At the time of Jacobi's birth, the family lived in London because her father George was establishing a branch office for his New York City publishing company,
628:(1894) This expanded on an address she made that same year before a constitutional convention in Albany. It was reprinted in 1915 and contributed to the final successful push for women's suffrage.
335:
702:
1321:
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685:
Mary
Corinna Putnam Jacobi, born in 1842 in London, grew up in New York and began publishing short stories at 17. But what she really wanted was to be a doctor. ...
1005:
Bittel, Carla Jean (2005). "Science, suffrage, and experimentation: Mary Putnam Jacobi and the controversy over vivisection in late nineteenth-century
America".
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Descriptions of the Early
Symptoms of the Meningeal Tumor Compressing the Cerebellum. From Which the Writer Died. Written by Herself.
230:
646:
Description of the Early
Symptoms of the Meningeal Tumor Compressing the Cerebellum. From Which the Writer Died. Written by Herself.
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417:. Her teaching at the Medical College tended to exceed what her students were prepared for and led her to resign in 1888.
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of August 1871, she published an account of the new French political leadership that came to power following the war.
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409:, and served as its president from 1874 to 1903. She campaigned consistently for the admission of women to leading
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401:. Jacobi became the second woman member of the Medical Society of the County of New York, and was admitted to the
3088:
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488:
237:
454:(1875), a book claiming that any physical or mental exertion during menstruation could lead to women becoming
1094:
Ross, M M (1992). "Women's struggles to enter medicine: two nineteenth-century women physicians in
America".
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338:, which made her the first woman to graduate from an American school of pharmacy. In 1864, she earned her
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1294:
Changing the Face of
Medicine: Celebrating America's Women Physicians - Dr. Mary Corinna Putnam Jacobi
474:
of writings by
American female physicians, mentioning over forty of her own works. In 1894, she wrote
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371:
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Regina Markell Morantz, "Feminism, Professionalism and Germs: The Thought of Mary Putnam Jacobi and
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1296:. A project of the United States National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.
447:
424:, a New York physician and researcher, nowadays often referred to as the "father of American
384:
308:
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Farley, F (1984). "Two generations of women physicians: the New York Infirmary, 1870–1899".
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703:"Jacobi, Mary Putnam, 1842-1906. Papers of Mary Putnam Jacobi, 1851-1974: A Finding Aid"
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446:. She was the first woman to win the Boylston Prize. Jacobi's essay was a response to
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Jacobi had a long career practicing medicine, teaching, writing, and advocating for
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1284:
New York Academy of Medicine Collection of International Medical Theses, 1801-1981
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Articles on "Infantile Paralysis" and "Pseudo-Muscular Hypertrophy" in Pepper's
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587:"Some Considerations on the Moral and on the Non Asylum Treatment of Insanity"
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996:
Mary Putnam Jacobi and the Politics of Medicine in Nineteenth-Century America
515:
510:, Jacobi documented her symptoms and published a paper on the subject titled
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76:
846:
440:'s Boylston Prize in 1876 for an original essay, later published as a book,
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The Prevention of Insanity and the Early and Proper Treatment of the Insane
471:
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847:"Open Collections Program: Women Working, Mary Putnam Jacobi (1842–1906)"
507:
1096:
The Pharos of Alpha Omega Alpha-Honor Medical Society. Alpha Omega Alpha
1044:"Fussell's folly: academic standards and the case of Mary Putnam Jacobi"
3149:
3144:
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2291:
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1958:
1877:
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1081:. Clio Medica (Amsterdam, Netherlands). Vol. 25. pp. 350–71.
904:
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203:
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2410:
1847:
1280:.' Thesis pour le Doctorat en Médecine, Faculté de Médecine de Paris.
455:
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88:
921:
Bowman, John, ed. (2001). "Mary Corinna Putnam Jacobi (1842-1906)".
370:. After much negotiation and thanks to the help of the psychiatrist
3274:
2719:
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112:
620:
Physiological Notes on Primary Education and the Study of Language
284:, from which she graduated in 1859. After graduating, she studied
280:. Later, she attended a public school for girls on 12th Street in
229:
made women unsuited to education was influential in the fight for
277:
375:
257:
57:
1269:
487:, Jacobi was one of six prominent suffragists who founded the
264:
and British mother, Victorine Haven Putnam, originally from
206:. She was the first woman admitted to study medicine at the
1079:
La Visite: Mary Putnam Jacobi and the Paris Medical Clinics
346:. For several months, she practiced clinical medicine with
1287:
1226:
Mary Bronson Hartt (1932). "Jacobi, Mary Corinna Putnam".
256:
Jacobi was born Mary Corinna Putnam on August 31, 1842 in
1237:
Carol B. Gartner (1999). "Jacobi, Mary Corinna Putnam".
751:
Headstrong: 52 Women Who Changed Science- and the World
260:, England. She was the daughter of an American father,
1243:(online ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
16:
American physician, educator, and activist (1842–1906)
929:. Ipswich, Massachusetts: Literary Reference Center.
1117:
Journal of the American Medical Women's Association
956:
Circulating Now from the NLM Historical Collections
225:. Her scientific rebuttal of the popular idea that
1225:
1136:Davis, P J (November 1965). "Mary Putnam Jacobi".
922:
872:"Happy Mother's Day to Women Pioneers in Pharmacy"
556:The Question of Rest for Women during Menstruation
478:which was later reprinted and used to support the
443:The Question of Rest for Women during Menstruation
779:. Halvord publishing Company, Incorporated. 1924.
452:Sex in Education; or, A Fair Chance for the Girls
3381:
1236:
391:
1205:
1290:. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
968:
776:The Biographical Cyclopaedia of American Women
1315:
665:
407:Women's Medical Association of New York City
324:Portrait of Mary Putnam Jacobi, c. 1860–1865
242:Women's Medical Association of New York City
1181:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography
1164:
356:New England Hospital for Women and Children
1322:
1308:
1272:, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University.
1209:; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905).
925:Cambridge Dictionary of American Biography
626:"Common Sense" Applied to Women's Suffrage
378:. Her studies in Paris coincided with the
306:from the age of fifteen, and later in the
195:; August 31, 1842 – June 10, 1906) was an
31:
1249:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1200449
1059:
476:Common Sense Applied to Women's Suffrage,
518:on June 10, 1906. Jacobi is interred at
319:
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742:
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738:
736:
734:
732:
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548:De la graisse neutre et des acides gras
288:, science, and medicine privately with
210:and the first woman to graduate from a
3435:19th-century American women physicians
3382:
1114:
1076:
1004:
920:
589:. In: Putnam Jacobi, Harris, Cleaves,
344:Female Medical College of Pennsylvania
99:Female Medical College of Pennsylvania
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2872:
2377:
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1342:
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1221:(1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
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1135:
916:
914:
912:
811:
809:
807:
748:
668:"Honoring Female Pioneers in Science"
187:
1278:La graisse neutre et des acides gras
1232:. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
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563:Acute Fatty Degeneration of New Born
328:
236:Jacobi was a founding member of the
1007:Bulletin of the History of Medicine
949:
501:
405:. In 1872, she helped to found the
13:
988:
950:Now, Circulating (July 29, 2014).
909:
874:. Digital Pharmacist. May 10, 2018
804:
666:Denise Grady (November 11, 2013).
202:, teacher, scientist, writer, and
14:
3466:
3455:Pharmacists from New York (state)
3445:19th-century American pharmacists
3430:Suffragists from New York (state)
3415:American women's rights activists
1482:Mildred "Babe" Didrikson Zaharias
1260:
1189:Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920).
886:
830:
783:
690:
599:"Studies in Endometritis" in the
540:
231:women's educational opportunities
3440:19th-century American physicians
1229:Dictionary of American Biography
1061:10.1097/00001888-199605000-00016
952:"The Question of Rest for Women"
753:. Broadway Books. pp. 3–6.
415:Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
295:As a teenager, Jacobi published
2552:Harriet Williams Russell Strong
1138:New England Journal of Medicine
962:
943:
133:
3400:Burials at Green-Wood Cemetery
2231:Ernestine Louise Potowski Rose
1218:New International Encyclopedia
864:
767:
659:
601:American Journal of Obstetrics
489:League for Political Education
238:League for Political Education
1:
3201:
2873:
2378:
1703:
1534:
1343:
1332:National Women's Hall of Fame
798:National Women’s Hall of Fame
652:
535:National Women's Hall of Fame
506:After being diagnosed with a
392:Medical practice and marriage
251:
246:National Women's Hall of Fame
2578:Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis
640:From Massachusetts to Turkey
403:American Medical Association
336:New York College of Pharmacy
244:, and was inducted into the
103:Faculté de Médecine de Paris
7:
3410:Medical doctors from London
2761:Martha Coffin Pelham Wright
2165:Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin
1240:American National Biography
1212:"Jacobi, Mary Putnam"
1192:"Jacobi, Mary Putnam"
1150:10.1056/nejm196511042731909
581:The Prophylaxis of Insanity
485:New York State Constitution
10:
3471:
3425:University of Paris alumni
2317:Katharine Dexter McCormick
1615:Mary "Mother" Harris Jones
1267:Mary Putnam Jacobi Papers.
614:Hysteria, and other Essays
533:She was inducted into the
431:
184:Mary Corinna Putnam Jacobi
3308:
3252:
3211:
3207:
3196:
3127:
3066:
3005:
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2743:
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2611:
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2388:
2384:
2373:
2249:
2183:
2175:Hannah Greenebaum Solomon
2082:
1946:
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1744:
1713:
1709:
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1628:
1607:
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1565:
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1490:
1464:
1353:
1349:
1338:
1276:Putnam, Mary-C. (1871). '
1042:Gartner, C B (May 1996).
974:"Woman's work in America"
480:women's suffrage movement
358:. She also served in the
315:
162:
151:
143:
118:
108:
94:
84:
65:
39:
30:
23:
3405:Drexel University alumni
2406:Marjory Stoneman Douglas
2216:Wilhelmina Cole Holladay
1989:Charlotte Perkins Gilman
1184:. New York: D. Appleton.
817:"Dr. Mary Putnam Jacobi"
450:'s earlier publication,
2896:Dorothy Harrison Eustis
2786:Catherine Filene Shouse
2639:Patricia Roberts Harris
2277:Mary Steichen Calderone
2145:Lillian Moller Gilbreth
2014:Frances Wisebart Jacobs
1818:Martha Wright Griffiths
1288:Health Sciences Library
1255:(subscription required)
1175:"Jacobi, Abraham"
1000:excerpt and text search
464:Women's Work in America
2842:Rebecca Talbot Perkins
2337:Eunice Kennedy Shriver
2201:Frances Xavier Cabrini
2115:Elizabeth Hanford Dole
1893:Ellen Swallow Richards
1863:Constance Baker Motley
1513:Elizabeth Bayley Seton
1446:Elizabeth Cady Stanton
1198:Encyclopedia Americana
749:Swaby, Rachel (2015).
325:
214:in the United States.
3356:Anna Wessels Williams
3043:Carlotta Walls LaNier
2776:Elisabeth KĂĽbler-Ross
2634:Martha Matilda Harper
2598:Mary Engle Pennington
2436:Frances Oldham Kelsey
2221:Anne Morrow Lindbergh
1974:Jane Cunningham Croly
1903:Katherine Siva Saubel
1798:Marian Wright Edelman
1721:Margaret Bourke-White
1646:Harriet Beecher Stowe
1019:10.1353/bhm.2005.0138
794:"Jacobi, Mary Putnam"
707:oasis.lib.harvard.edu
420:In 1873, she married
323:
309:New York Evening Post
3053:Mary Harriman Rumsey
2891:St. Katharine Drexel
2735:Mary Burnett Talbert
2730:Blanche Stuart Scott
2715:Mother Marianne Cope
2695:Ruth Fulton Benedict
2654:Mildred Robbins Leet
2352:Angelina Grimké Weld
2226:Maria Goeppert Mayer
2196:Charlotte Anne Bunch
1773:Antoinette Blackwell
1752:Gertrude Belle Elion
1682:Ida B. Wells-Barnett
1451:Helen Brooke Taussig
1441:Margaret Chase Smith
903:(1982) 34:461-478.
608:Archives of Medicine
575:Cold Pack and Anæmia
551:(Paris thesis, 1871)
448:Dr. Edward H. Clarke
399:Mount Sinai Hospital
262:George Palmer Putnam
156:George Palmer Putnam
3270:Rebecca S. Halstead
3244:Mary Church Terrell
2931:Barbara A. Mikulski
2659:Patsy Takemoto Mink
2644:Stephanie L. Kwolek
2583:Ruth Bader Ginsburg
2557:Emily Howell Warner
2502:Dorothy H. Andersen
2476:Annie Dodge Wauneka
2471:Mary Edwards Walker
2396:Faye Glenn Abdellah
2327:Edith Nourse Rogers
2307:Shirley Ann Jackson
2282:Mary Ann Shadd Cary
2160:Sandra Day O'Connor
2140:Matilda Joslyn Gage
1736:Florence B. Seibert
1573:Carrie Chapman Catt
1503:Juliette Gordon Low
1386:Elizabeth Blackwell
1381:Mary McLeod Bethune
1282:Digitized from the
1270:Schlesinger Library
897:Elizabeth Blackwell
851:ocp.hul.harvard.edu
520:Green-Wood Cemetery
496:Elizabeth Blackwell
470:), that included a
380:Franco-Prussian War
368:University of Paris
362:as a medical aide.
290:Elizabeth Blackwell
208:University of Paris
167:George Haven Putnam
158:and Victorine Haven
44:Mary Corinna Putnam
3420:American feminists
3229:Barbara Rose Johns
3180:Flossie Wong-Staal
3155:Nicole Malachowski
3084:Lorraine Hansberry
3028:Marcia Greenberger
2982:Mary Joseph Rogers
2921:Coretta Scott King
2906:Abby Kelley Foster
2822:Susan Kelly-Dreiss
2710:Rita Rossi Colwell
2486:Frances E. Willard
2322:Rozanne L. Ridgway
2272:Lydia Moss Bradley
2257:Madeleine Albright
2150:Nannerl O. Keohane
2120:Anne Dallas Dudley
2049:Betty Bone Schiess
2019:Susette La Flesche
2004:Zora Neale Hurston
1999:Helen LaKelly Hunt
1923:Madam C. J. Walker
1838:Mary Putnam Jacobi
1788:Jacqueline Cochran
1768:Ethel Percy Andrus
1636:Barbara McClintock
1077:Harvey, J (1994).
970:Annie Nathan Meyer
901:American Quarterly
468:Annie Nathan Meyer
438:Harvard University
385:Scribner's Monthly
360:American Civil War
340:Doctor of Medicine
326:
270:Wiley & Putnam
171:John Bishop Putnam
25:Mary Putnam Jacobi
3450:Women pharmacists
3377:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3369:
3368:
3331:Kimberlé Crenshaw
3326:Elouise P. Cobell
3290:Katherine Johnson
3260:Octavia E. Butler
3192:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3099:Clare Boothe Luce
2911:Helen Murray Free
2864:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2725:Patricia A. Locke
2690:Florence E. Allen
2674:Sheila E. Widnall
2619:Linda G. Alvarado
2603:Mercy Otis Warren
2562:Victoria Woodhull
2547:Barbara Holdridge
2542:Beatrice A. Hicks
2517:Lydia Maria Child
2431:Leontine T. Kelly
2369:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2191:Louisa May Alcott
2105:Mary Breckinridge
1984:Geraldine Ferraro
1969:Annie Jump Cannon
1694:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1525:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1431:Eleanor Roosevelt
1330:Inductees to the
1144:(19): 1037–1038.
1048:Academic Medicine
713:on April 25, 2018
569:The Value of Life
466:(1891, edited by
329:Medical education
223:medical education
181:
180:
3462:
3209:
3208:
3198:
3197:
3165:Louise Slaughter
3089:Victoria Jackson
3048:Philippa Marrack
3033:Barbara Iglewski
2941:Kathrine Switzer
2936:Donna E. Shalala
2881:
2880:
2870:
2869:
2827:Allie B. Latimer
2807:Louise Bourgeois
2781:Judith L. Pipher
2588:Katharine Graham
2532:Marian de Forest
2451:Anna Howard Shaw
2401:Emma Smith DeVoe
2386:
2385:
2375:
2374:
2287:Joan Ganz Cooney
2211:Oveta Culp Hobby
2206:Mary A. Hallaren
2069:Sarah Winnemucca
1938:Gloria Yerkovich
1933:Rosalyn S. Yalow
1888:Jeannette Rankin
1868:Georgia O'Keeffe
1823:Fannie Lou Hamer
1783:Shirley Chisholm
1731:Billie Jean King
1711:
1710:
1700:
1699:
1662:Gwendolyn Brooks
1542:
1541:
1531:
1530:
1371:Susan B. Anthony
1351:
1350:
1340:
1339:
1324:
1317:
1310:
1301:
1300:
1256:
1252:
1233:
1222:
1214:
1202:
1194:
1185:
1177:
1161:
1132:
1111:
1090:
1073:
1063:
1038:
982:
981:
966:
960:
959:
947:
941:
940:
928:
918:
907:
893:
884:
883:
881:
879:
868:
862:
861:
859:
857:
843:
828:
827:
825:
823:
813:
802:
801:
790:
781:
780:
771:
765:
764:
746:
723:
722:
720:
718:
709:. Archived from
699:
688:
687:
682:
680:
663:
571:(New York, 1879)
502:Death and legacy
436:Jacobi received
303:Atlantic Monthly
221:, especially in
212:pharmacy college
197:English-American
191:
137:
135:
79:, New York, U.S.
72:
53:
51:
35:
21:
20:
3470:
3469:
3465:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3460:
3459:
3380:
3379:
3378:
3365:
3361:Serena Williams
3304:
3248:
3234:Henrietta Lacks
3224:Barbara Hillary
3219:Aretha Franklin
3203:
3184:
3170:Sonia Sotomayor
3123:
3062:
3013:Tenley Albright
3001:
2987:Bernice Sandler
2945:
2926:Lilly Ledbetter
2901:Loretta C. Ford
2875:
2856:
2795:
2791:Henrietta Szold
2751:Eleanor K. Baum
2739:
2705:Hillary Clinton
2678:
2629:Gertrude Ederle
2624:Donna de Varona
2607:
2566:
2512:Rosalynn Carter
2490:
2466:Wilma L. Vaught
2421:Crystal Eastman
2416:Sylvia A. Earle
2380:
2361:
2357:Chien-Shiung Wu
2332:Felice Schwartz
2302:Julia Ward Howe
2245:
2236:Maria Tallchief
2179:
2135:Margaret Fuller
2130:Ella Fitzgerald
2125:Mary Baker Eddy
2078:
2034:Antonia Novello
2009:Anne Hutchinson
1942:
1883:Esther Peterson
1858:Wilma Mankiller
1778:Emily Blackwell
1756:
1740:
1705:
1686:
1650:
1624:
1603:
1582:
1578:Frances Perkins
1561:
1557:Sojourner Truth
1552:Margaret Sanger
1536:
1517:
1486:
1460:
1406:Emily Dickinson
1366:Marian Anderson
1345:
1334:
1328:
1263:
1254:
1172:, eds. (1892).
994:Bittel, Carla.
991:
989:Further reading
986:
985:
967:
963:
948:
944:
937:
919:
910:
894:
887:
877:
875:
870:
869:
865:
855:
853:
845:
844:
831:
821:
819:
815:
814:
805:
792:
791:
784:
773:
772:
768:
761:
747:
726:
716:
714:
701:
700:
691:
678:
676:
664:
660:
655:
543:
504:
434:
411:medical schools
394:
348:Marie Zakrewska
331:
318:
254:
139:
136: 1873)
131:
127:
101:
80:
74:
70:
61:
55:
54:August 31, 1842
49:
47:
46:
45:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3468:
3458:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3375:
3374:
3371:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3341:Judith Plaskow
3338:
3336:Peggy McIntosh
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3302:
3300:Michelle Obama
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3256:
3254:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3215:
3213:
3205:
3204:
3194:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3182:
3177:
3175:Laurie Spiegel
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3131:
3129:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3094:Sherry Lansing
3091:
3086:
3081:
3079:Temple Grandin
3076:
3070:
3068:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3038:Jean Kilbourne
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3009:
3007:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2962:Ina May Gaskin
2959:
2953:
2951:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2916:Billie Holiday
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2887:
2885:
2877:
2876:
2866:
2865:
2862:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2803:
2801:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2747:
2745:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2686:
2684:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2649:Dorothea Lange
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2615:
2613:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2574:
2572:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2522:Bessie Coleman
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2498:
2496:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2392:
2390:
2382:
2381:
2371:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2253:
2251:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2110:Eileen Collins
2107:
2102:
2100:Amelia Bloomer
2097:
2092:
2090:Virginia Apgar
2086:
2084:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2059:Nettie Stevens
2056:
2054:Muriel Siebert
2051:
2046:
2041:
2039:Linda Richards
2036:
2031:
2029:Maria Mitchell
2026:
2024:Louise McManus
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1979:Catherine East
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1950:
1948:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1928:Faye Wattleton
1925:
1920:
1915:
1913:Helen Stephens
1910:
1908:Gloria Steinem
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1833:Dolores Huerta
1830:
1828:Dorothy Height
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1754:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1726:Barbara Jordan
1723:
1717:
1715:
1707:
1706:
1696:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1658:
1656:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1632:
1630:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1622:
1617:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1601:
1596:
1594:Belva Lockwood
1590:
1588:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1559:
1554:
1548:
1546:
1538:
1537:
1527:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1494:
1492:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1468:
1466:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1458:
1456:Harriet Tubman
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1436:Florence Sabin
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1416:Alice Hamilton
1413:
1411:Amelia Earhart
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1357:
1355:
1347:
1346:
1336:
1335:
1327:
1326:
1319:
1312:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1291:
1273:
1262:
1261:External links
1259:
1258:
1257:
1234:
1223:
1203:
1186:
1162:
1133:
1112:
1091:
1074:
1039:
1002:
998:(2009)
990:
987:
984:
983:
978:library.si.edu
961:
942:
935:
908:
885:
863:
829:
803:
782:
766:
759:
724:
689:
673:New York Times
657:
656:
654:
651:
650:
649:
643:
637:
633:Found and Lost
629:
623:
617:
611:
604:
597:
584:
578:
572:
566:
560:
552:
542:
541:Selected works
539:
503:
500:
433:
430:
422:Abraham Jacobi
393:
390:
330:
327:
317:
314:
253:
250:
219:women's rights
179:
178:
175:Herbert Putnam
164:
160:
159:
153:
149:
148:
145:
141:
140:
129:
125:Abraham Jacobi
123:
122:
120:
116:
115:
110:
109:Known for
106:
105:
96:
92:
91:
86:
82:
81:
75:
73:(aged 63)
67:
63:
62:
56:
43:
41:
37:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3467:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3316:Patricia Bath
3314:
3313:
3311:
3307:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3285:Emily Howland
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3251:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3239:Toni Morrison
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3199:
3195:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3135:Gloria Allred
3133:
3132:
3130:
3126:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3104:Aimee Mullins
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3074:Matilda Cuomo
3072:
3071:
3069:
3065:
3059:
3058:Eleanor Smeal
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3023:Martha Graham
3021:
3019:
3018:Nancy Brinker
3016:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3004:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2992:Anna Schwartz
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2948:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2871:
2867:
2853:
2852:Kate Stoneman
2850:
2848:
2847:Susan Solomon
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2798:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2771:Winona LaDuke
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2742:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2700:Betty Bumpers
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2681:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2669:Anne Sullivan
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2569:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2537:Althea Gibson
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2493:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2376:
2372:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2347:Florence Wald
2345:
2343:
2342:Beverly Sills
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2312:Shannon Lucid
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2248:
2242:
2241:Edith Wharton
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2170:Pat Schroeder
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2064:Oprah Winfrey
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2044:Wilma Rudolph
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1964:Myra Bradwell
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1945:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1898:Elaine Roulet
1896:
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1879:
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1834:
1831:
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1809:
1808:Betty Friedan
1806:
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1801:
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1599:Lucretia Mott
1597:
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1501:
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1489:
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1477:Margaret Mead
1475:
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1472:Abigail Adams
1470:
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1399:
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1396:Rachel Carson
1394:
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1391:Pearl S. Buck
1389:
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1213:
1208:
1207:Gilman, D. C.
1204:
1200:
1199:
1193:
1187:
1183:
1182:
1176:
1171:
1167:
1166:Wilson, J. G.
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1123:(6): 189–91.
1122:
1118:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1013:(4): 664–94.
1012:
1008:
1003:
1001:
997:
993:
992:
979:
975:
971:
965:
957:
953:
946:
938:
936:9780521402583
932:
927:
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795:
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762:
760:9780553446791
756:
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733:
731:
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712:
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621:
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531:
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521:
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516:New York City
513:
509:
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486:
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473:
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408:
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389:
387:
386:
381:
377:
373:
372:Benjamin Ball
369:
363:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
322:
313:
311:
310:
305:
304:
298:
297:short stories
293:
291:
287:
283:
279:
273:
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266:New York City
263:
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209:
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201:
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176:
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146:
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126:
121:
117:
114:
111:
107:
104:
100:
97:
93:
90:
87:
83:
78:
77:New York City
69:June 10, 1906
68:
64:
60:, England, UK
59:
42:
38:
34:
29:
22:
19:
3346:Loretta Ross
3321:Ruby Bridges
3265:Judy Chicago
3160:Rose O'Neill
3140:Angela Davis
3119:Alice Waters
3114:Janet Rowley
3109:Carol Mutter
2997:Emma Willard
2977:Nancy Pelosi
2972:Kate Millett
2837:Ruth Patrick
2832:Emma Lazarus
2817:Karen DeCrow
2812:Mildred Cohn
2507:Lucille Ball
2481:Eudora Welty
2456:Sophia Smith
2441:Kate Mullany
2297:Sarah Grimké
2262:Maya Angelou
2095:Ann Bancroft
2074:Fanny Wright
1994:Grace Hopper
1918:Lillian Wald
1873:Annie Oakley
1853:Mary Mahoney
1837:
1677:Mary Risteau
1667:Willa Cather
1620:Bessie Smith
1498:Dorothea Dix
1426:Helen Keller
1401:Mary Cassatt
1376:Clara Barton
1277:
1238:
1227:
1216:
1196:
1179:
1141:
1137:
1120:
1116:
1099:
1095:
1078:
1054:(5): 470–7.
1051:
1047:
1010:
1006:
995:
977:
964:
955:
945:
924:
900:
878:December 31,
876:. Retrieved
866:
854:. Retrieved
850:
822:November 17,
820:. Retrieved
797:
775:
769:
750:
715:. Retrieved
711:the original
706:
684:
679:December 14,
677:. Retrieved
671:
661:
645:
639:
632:
625:
619:
613:
607:
600:
593:
590:
580:
574:
568:
562:
555:
547:
532:
514:She died in
511:
505:
493:
475:
472:bibliography
463:
460:
451:
441:
435:
419:
413:, including
395:
383:
364:
332:
307:
300:
294:
292:and others.
274:
255:
235:
227:menstruation
216:
192:
183:
182:
71:(1906-06-10)
18:
3395:1906 deaths
3390:1842 births
3351:Sandy Stone
3295:Indra Nooyi
2967:Julie Krone
2766:Swanee Hunt
2756:Julia Child
2720:Maya Y. Lin
2593:Bertha Holt
2527:Dorothy Day
2461:Ida Tarbell
2426:Jeanne Holm
2155:Maggie Kuhn
1954:Bella Abzug
1843:Mae Jemison
1813:Ella Grasso
1803:Alice Evans
1793:Ruth Colvin
1421:Helen Hayes
1361:Jane Addams
1102:(1): 33–6.
508:brain tumor
352:Lucy Sewall
85:Nationality
3384:Categories
3150:Jane Fonda
3145:Sarah Deer
2957:Betty Ford
2446:Janet Reno
2292:Gerty Cori
2267:Nellie Bly
1959:Ella Baker
1878:Rosa Parks
1672:Sally Ride
1641:Lucy Stone
1508:Alice Paul
653:References
426:pediatrics
252:Early life
204:suffragist
177:(brothers)
50:1842-08-31
3280:Joy Harjo
3202:2020–2029
2874:2010–2019
2664:Sacagawea
2411:Mary Dyer
2379:2000–2009
1848:Mary Lyon
1704:1990–1999
1535:1980–1989
1344:1970–1979
1170:Fiske, J.
856:April 25,
717:April 25,
537:in 1993.
456:infertile
342:from the
282:Manhattan
248:in 1993.
200:physician
152:Parent(s)
95:Education
3275:Mia Hamm
1035:33807763
1027:16327083
905:in JSTOR
528:New York
524:Brooklyn
240:and the
144:Children
113:Medicine
89:American
1158:5320889
1129:6392396
1108:1565681
1087:7517812
1070:9125974
972:(ed.).
432:Writing
354:at the
278:Yonkers
138:
130:
1253:
1156:
1127:
1106:
1085:
1068:
1033:
1025:
933:
757:
648:(1906)
642:(1896)
636:(1894)
622:(1889)
616:(1888)
610:(1888)
603:(1885)
596:(1882)
591:et al.
583:(1881)
577:(1880)
565:(1878)
559:(1876)
494:While
376:thesis
316:Career
258:London
193:Putnam
163:Family
119:Spouse
58:London
1031:S2CID
382:. In
286:Greek
132:(
128:
3309:2024
3253:2022
3212:2020
3128:2019
3067:2017
3006:2015
2950:2013
2884:2011
2800:2009
2744:2007
2683:2005
2612:2003
2571:2002
2495:2001
2389:2000
2250:1998
2184:1996
2083:1995
1947:1994
1761:1993
1745:1991
1714:1990
1655:1988
1629:1986
1608:1984
1587:1983
1566:1982
1545:1981
1491:1979
1465:1976
1354:1973
1154:PMID
1125:PMID
1104:PMID
1083:PMID
1066:PMID
1023:PMID
931:ISBN
880:2018
858:2018
824:2012
755:ISBN
719:2018
681:2014
397:and
350:and
301:The
66:Died
40:Born
1245:doi
1146:doi
1142:273
1056:doi
1015:doi
899:,"
522:in
299:in
189:née
3386::
1286:.
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1195:.
1178:.
1168:;
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1140:.
1121:39
1119:.
1100:55
1098:.
1064:.
1052:71
1050:.
1046:.
1029:.
1021:.
1011:79
1009:.
976:.
954:.
911:^
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832:^
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785:^
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826:.
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186:(
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52:)
48:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
