1594:
1366:
2381:
666:
523:
1864:
1046:
1035:
1665:
236:
2028:
2347:
2190:
1430:
2659:
135:
5244:
5254:
1963:
1612:
344:
36:
2079:
continue with the point noted by the judges. Some critics of point sparring feel that this method of training teaches habits that result in lower combat effectiveness. Lighter-contact sparring may be used exclusively, for children or in other situations when heavy contact would be inappropriate (such as beginners), medium-contact sparring is often used as training for full contact.
1385:
and boxing. While these arts are based on historical traditions of folklore, they are not "historical" in the sense that they reconstruct or preserve a historical system from a specific era. They are rather contemporary regional sports that coexist with the modern forms of martial arts sports as they
2015:
Testing or evaluation is important to martial artists of many disciplines who wish to determine their progression or own level of skill in specific contexts. Students often undergo periodic testing and grading by their own teacher in order to advance to a higher level of recognized achievement, such
2225:
generally spurn such competitions. Some schools believe that competition breeds better and more efficient practitioners, and gives a sense of good sportsmanship. Others believe that the rules under which competition takes place have diminished the combat effectiveness of martial arts or encourage a
2062:
These types of sparring restrict the amount of force that may be used to hit an opponent, in the case of light sparring this is usually to 'touch' contact, e.g. a punch should be 'pulled' as soon as or before contact is made. In medium-contact (sometimes referred to as semi-contact) the punch would
2553:
The wholesale value of martial arts related sporting equipment shipped in the United States was estimated at US$ 314 million in 2007; participation in the same year was estimated at 6.9 million (ages 6 or older, 2% of US population). R. A. Court, CEO of
Martial Arts Channel, stated the
2041:
Various forms and sparring are commonly used in martial art exhibitions and tournaments. Some competitions pit practitioners of different disciplines against each other using a common set of rules, these are referred to as mixed martial arts competitions. Rules for sparring vary between art and
2078:
In some styles (such as fencing and some styles of taekwondo sparring), competitors score points based on the landing of a single technique or strike as judged by the referee, whereupon the referee will briefly stop the match, award a point, then restart the match. Alternatively, sparring may
2093:
Full-contact sparring or competition, where strikes or techniques are not pulled but used with full force as the name implies, has a number of tactical differences from light and medium-contact sparring. It is considered by some to be requisite in learning realistic unarmed combat.
1342:
began developing during the 19th century as the French and
Italian military academies began codifying instruction. The Olympic games led to standard international rules, with the Féderation Internationale d'Escrime founded in 1913. Modern boxing originates with
2828:
They're made in Hong Kong and the biggest hero of them all at the moment, surely the biggest box-office attraction there, is a face pretty familiar to
American television audiences. Remember Bruce Lee, the swift, agile oriental chauffeur in "The Green Hornet"?
2109:, there was no scoring, though most now use some form of judging as a backup. Due to these factors, full-contact matches tend to be more aggressive in character, but rule sets may still mandate the use of protective equipment, or limit the techniques allowed.
2831:(...) Lee already has starred in three Chinese boxer (another label) pictures and there are several dozen others available to the international market. They reportedly are sweeping the European market and have just started to infiltrate the American scene.
2070:
A referee acts to monitor for fouls and to control the match, while judges mark down scores, as in boxing. Particular targets may be prohibited, certain techniques may be forbidden (such as headbutting or groin hits), and fighters may be required to wear
2273:, or modern variations of the martial arts which include dance-influenced competitions such as tricking. Martial traditions have been influenced by governments to become more sport-like for political purposes; the central impetus for the attempt by the
2300:
may be boosted (strength, stamina, speed, flexibility, movement coordination, etc.) as the whole body is exercised and the entire muscular system is activated. Beyond contributing to physical fitness, martial arts training also has benefits for
2823:
Now, there's going to be an invasion of "chow mein spies." It's the newest rage, the superhero
Chinese agent, who takes on 84 adversaries at one time and pounds them into the ground — without a dangerous weapon, except his hands and his feet.
2833:
Warner
Brothers has just released one called "The Five Fingers of Death" and, with Fred Weintraub as producer, is now involved in the first American-Chinese production of a martial-science picture, a film that stars Bruce (Kato)
2976:
Nash, George, "Assessing rank and warfare strategy in prehistoric hunter-gatherer society: a study of representational warrior figures in rock-art from the
Spanish Levant" in: M. Parker Pearson & I.J.N. Thorpe (eds.),
954:
is the value of "inner peace" in a practitioner, which is stressed to be only achievable through individual meditation and training. The
Koreans believe that the use of physical force is only justifiable for self defense.
1940:
survived by practitioners practicing the art in secret, or by telling the colonial authorities that it was a form of dance. While many regional Indian martial arts forms are fading into obscurity, martial arts such as
1542:
arises towards the end of the 19th century, due to the increase in trade between the United States with China and Japan. Relatively few
Westerners actually practiced the arts, considering it to be mere performance.
2613:
experienced a surge of popularity in the West during the 1970s, and the rising demand resulted in numerous low quality or fraudulent schools. Fueled by fictional depictions in martial arts movies, this led to the
2229:
The question of "which is the best martial art" has led to inter style competitions fought with very few rules allowing a variety of fighting styles to enter with few limitations. This was the origin of the first
2618:
of the 1980s in the United States. There were also numerous fraudulent ads for martial arts training programs, inserted into comic books circa the 1960s and 1970s, which were read primarily by adolescent boys.
3627:
2163:. Brazilian jiu-jitsu and judo matches do not allow striking, but are full-contact in the sense that full force is applied in the permitted grappling and submission techniques. Competitions held by
2550:) claims there are 50 million karate practitioners worldwide. The South Korean government in 2009 published an estimate that taekwondo is practiced by 70 million people in 190 countries.
1460:
The mid to late 19th century marks the beginning of the history of martial arts as modern sports developed out of earlier traditional fighting systems. In Europe, this concerns the developments of
2139:
requires advanced practitioners to engage in bare-knuckled, full-contact sparring allowing kicks, knees and punching although punching to the head is disallowed while wearing only a karate
2321:
well-being. For this reason, a number of martial arts schools have focused purely on therapeutic aspects, de-emphasizing the historical aspect of self-defense or combat completely.
1081:) dated between 10,000 and 6,000 BCE that show organized groups fighting with bows and arrows. Similar evidence of warfare has been found in Epipalaeolithic to early Neolithic era
2075:
on their head, hands, chest, groin, shins or feet. Some grappling arts, such as aikido, use a similar method of compliant training that is equivalent to light or medium contact.
2826:
They're coming here under the label of "martial sciences," an umbrella label that takes in all of the oriental arts of self-defense, such as karate, jujitso, kung fu and so on.
1593:
942:
Traditional Korean martial arts place emphasis on the development of the practitioner's spiritual and philosophical being. A common theme in most Korean styles, such as
1878:
were prominent martial artists who became major movie figures. Their popularity and media presence has been at the forefront for promoting
Chinese martial arts in the
1696:
and were exposed to local fighting styles. Jujutsu, judo and karate first became popular among the mainstream from the 1950s–1960s. Due in part to Asian and
Hollywood
1754:. A number of mainstream films produced during the 1980s also contributed significantly to the perception of martial arts in Western popular culture. These include
2435:
Traditional hand-to-hand, knife, and spear techniques continue to see use in the composite systems developed for today's wars. Examples of this include European
2105:. Where scoring takes place it may be a subsidiary measure, only used if no clear winner has been established by other means; in some competitions, such as the
3290:
1287:'s mnemonic poem on the longsword dating back to the late fourteenth century. Likewise, Asian martial arts became well-documented during the medieval period,
3616:
1377:
Certain traditional combat sports and fighting styles exist all over the world, rooted in local culture and folklore. The most common of these are styles of
3239:
1551:
while working in Japan between 1894 and 1897, was the first man known to have taught Asian martial arts in Europe. He also founded an eclectic style named
2644:
3513:
2626:) began to be given colorful belts to show progress. This proved to be commercially viable and colored-belt systems were adopted in many martial arts
1365:
2209:
become competitive, becoming a sport in its own right that is dissociated from the original combative origin, such as with western fencing. The
1692:
As Western influence grew in Asia a greater number of military personnel spent time in China, Japan and South Korea during World War II and the
2217:
recently failed in its bid to be included, but is still actively performed in tournaments across the world. Practitioners in some arts such as
326:
would be more appropriate terms on the basis that many martial arts were never "martial" in the sense of being used or created by professional
2759:
1386:
have developed since the 19th century, often including cross-fertilization between sports and folk styles; thus, the traditional Thai art of
3421:
3704:
1704:(キックボクシング) was created by the Japanese boxing promoter Osamu Noguchi for a variant of muay Thai and karate that he created in the 1950s.
3676:
1682:
2293:
Martial arts training aims to result in several benefits to trainees, such as their physical, mental, emotional and spiritual health.
999:), and first appearing under this name and form in the Safavid era, with similarities to systems in adjacent lands under other names.
3505:
2063:
not be 'pulled' but not hit with full force. As the amount of force used is restricted, the aim of these types of sparring is not to
1450:
2554:
total revenue of the US martial arts industry at US$ 40 billion and the number of US practitioners at 30 million in 2003.
3477:
2821:
First there were "spaghetti westerns" made in Italy, and then the Spanish got into the act and they became "gaspacho westerns."
2361:
Some traditional martial concepts have seen new use within modern military training. Perhaps the most recent example of this is
3863:
3264:
2519:
Many martial arts are also seen and used in Law Enforcement hand-to-hand training. For example, the Tokyo Riot Police's use of
3800:
3325:
2742:
1381:, some of which have been practiced since antiquity and are found in the most remote areas. Other examples include forms of
3983:
2547:
100:
2380:
2171:
and padded vest, but are full contact in the sense that full force is applied to strikes to the head and body, and win by
2328:, martial arts also have the nature of an art, since there is emotional communication and complete emotional expression.
2226:
kind of practice which focuses on winning trophies rather than a focus such as cultivating a particular moral character.
72:
4934:
3898:
3729:
3657:
2990:
2961:
1575:
2953:
4929:
4783:
4616:
2864:
2465:
2002:
1651:
391:
138:
119:
2979:
Warfare, violence and slavery in prehistory: proceedings of a Prehistoric Society conference at Sheffield University
2416:(itself drawing on Western boxing and Jujutsu) and pistol shooting to UK, US, and Canadian special forces. The book
373:
79:
4919:
4902:
4897:
4748:
3941:
1886:
1029:
878:
Sometimes, training with one specific weapon may be considered a style in its own right, especially in the case of
864:
285:
3119:
2164:
4882:
2986:
2231:
2113:
1984:
1853:
1633:
369:
205:
57:
4486:
665:
86:
4892:
4877:
2947:
2587:
2274:
2072:
1980:
1629:
1579:
1348:
1025:
365:
53:
3756:
1723:. Bruce Lee is credited as one of the first instructors to openly teach Chinese martial arts to Westerners.
4125:
2563:
2409:
1857:
1544:
173:
1394:, which in turn came to be practiced worldwide and contributed significantly to modern hybrid styles like
522:
5288:
4956:
4887:
2640:
1767:
1728:
1686:
68:
17:
2546:
Hundreds of millions of people worldwide practice some form of martial art. Web Japan (sponsored by the
5283:
3856:
2505:
2031:
1756:
1732:
907:
2925:
1150:
4961:
2270:
1146:
1334:
European swordsmanship always had a sportive component, but the duel was always a possibility until
1169:(480–221 BC) extensive development in martial philosophy and strategy emerged, as described by
5293:
4984:
4200:
3903:
2213:
includes judo, taekwondo, western archery, boxing, javelin, wrestling and fencing as events, while
1724:
1528:
1276:
354:
194:
5257:
4976:
4829:
4408:
4056:
3998:
3951:
3888:
3429:
3011:
2734:
2677:
2595:
2258:
2168:
1973:
1790:
1743:
1622:
1008:
358:
252:
46:
3550:
Bu, Bin; Haijun, Han; Yong, Liu; Chaohui, Zhang; Xiaoyuan, Yang; Singh, Maria Fiatarone (2010).
2912:
2242:
tradition and along with other minimal rule competitions, most notably those from Japan such as
1885:
With the continual discovery of more medieval and Renaissance fighting manuals, the practice of
4819:
3356:
2481:
in 1942 and continue to influence today's systems along with other traditional systems such as
2020:
color or title. The type of testing used varies from system to system but may include forms or
3701:
2770:
1924:, were able to resist this decline by practicing in secret. Other Indian martial art, such as
5298:
5278:
4910:
4318:
3988:
3971:
3966:
3893:
3849:
3741:
2672:
2282:
1771:
1567:
1288:
1284:
1249:
1162:
1014:
879:
804:
486:
4606:
3669:
1863:
4788:
4626:
4558:
4103:
4098:
3993:
3956:
3936:
3928:
3883:
2797:
2682:
2401:
2221:
and Brazilian jiu-jitsu often train for sport matches, whereas those in other arts such as
2210:
2102:
1890:
1818:
1716:
1700:, most modern American martial arts are either Asian-derived or Asian influenced. The term
1571:
1296:
1225:
1154:
991:, "ancient sport"), a traditional system of athletics originally used to train warriors in
872:
633:
602:
587:
312:
4515:
1928:, while not widely practiced in India, continue to be practiced in other countries in the
93:
8:
5247:
5211:
5119:
4906:
4672:
4538:
4528:
4323:
4313:
4278:
4243:
4008:
3978:
3946:
3786:
3622:
3452:
2664:
2337:
2285:
aspects of martial training, especially under the traditional system of family lineages.
2125:
1913:
1845:
1786:
1705:
1697:
1320:
1308:
1158:
1126:
1104:
868:
746:
516:
467:
413:
3094:
1410:. Many European dances share elements of martial arts with examples including Ukrainian
1045:
5018:
4948:
4695:
4543:
3961:
3581:
3384:
2949:
Warfare in the ancient Near East to 1600 BC : holy warriors at the dawn of history
2610:
2562:
Martial arts equipment can include that which is used for conditioning, protection and
2536:
2501:
1849:
1539:
1399:
1272:
1191:
1034:
911:
304:
4668:
3151:. Participation and Recreation through Inclusive Martial Arts Education and E-Learning
2531:
Martial arts since the 1970s has become a significant industry, a subset of the wider
213:
5243:
4809:
4768:
4303:
4115:
4108:
3725:
3653:
3573:
3568:
3551:
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3182:
3181:
Primae. (2011, November 29). History Of Martial Arts. Retrieved March 24, 2023, from
3169:
Burdick, D. (2022, September 12). judo. Britannica. Retrieved October 10, 2022, from
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1583:
1497:
1207:
1130:
690:
482:
446:
185:
3585:
3481:
3268:
1523:
rules date to the 1920s. In China, the modern history of martial arts begins in the
3804:
3563:
3368:
2816:
2470:
2297:
1166:
970:
737:
471:
277:
3333:
3213:
268:
4924:
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4423:
4345:
4333:
4298:
4041:
4036:
3827:
3782:
3708:
3060:"Sun Tzu Biography and Introduction: Sun Tzu The Art of War and Strategy Site by"
2907:
2846:
2728:
2478:
2460:
2017:
1814:
1751:
1747:
1423:
1304:
1237:
1210:
of about the 2nd century BCE to the 2nd century AD. The combat techniques of the
1206:, to China. Written evidence of martial arts in Southern India dates back to the
1078:
1066:
903:
860:
795:
750:
539:
508:
450:
442:
281:
248:
161:
3402:
3357:"Reading the Kung Fu Film in an American Context: From Bruce Lee to Jackie Chan"
2702:
1472:
as sports. In Japan, the same period marks the formation of the modern forms of
235:
5178:
4869:
4813:
4753:
4710:
4680:
4413:
4308:
4148:
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4076:
4031:
4026:
2571:
2532:
2362:
2198:
1560:
1524:
1407:
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1378:
1360:
1344:
1221:
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1108:
1090:
1074:
899:
647:
596:
547:
431:
420:
409:
3372:
3006:
2027:
1512:
which began the sport of judo. Kano Jigoro had gathered the old knowledge of
5272:
5133:
5101:
5004:
4804:
4763:
4553:
4448:
4418:
4373:
4328:
4210:
4160:
4153:
4071:
3380:
2591:
2421:
2405:
2366:
2346:
2302:
2278:
2214:
2054:
variants, reflecting the amount of force that should be used on an opponent.
1946:
1929:
1921:
1879:
1587:
1280:
1264:
1215:
1211:
1195:
1116:
840:
836:
615:
427:
169:
5114:
4824:
4778:
4700:
4658:
4621:
4573:
4520:
4428:
4368:
4268:
4205:
4195:
4138:
3577:
3291:"The origins, history and rules from the early days of Pancrase circa 1993"
2579:
2575:
2509:
2469:(MCMAP). Unarmed dagger defenses identical to those found in the manual of
2448:
2424:, was based on the Defendu taught by Sykes and Fairbairn. Both Fairbairn's
2341:
2318:
2310:
2277:
in transforming Chinese martial arts into the committee-regulated sport of
2251:
2184:
2088:
1937:
1933:
1782:
1775:
1370:
1316:
1300:
1253:
1100:
1086:
996:
932:
928:
832:
808:
772:
651:
527:
463:
459:
165:
153:
2567:
2331:
2189:
1429:
184:"Martial arts" is a direct English translation of the Sino-Japanese word (
5063:
4730:
4690:
4633:
4443:
4143:
4066:
3170:
2627:
2615:
2389:
2306:
1917:
1871:
1838:
1810:
1501:
1403:
1335:
1312:
1268:
1203:
1187:
1112:
1082:
1050:
856:
1781:
Also during the 20th century, a number of martial arts were adapted for
404:
Martial arts may be categorized using a variety of criteria, including:
4966:
4720:
4648:
4578:
4548:
4533:
4504:
4492:
4458:
4388:
4283:
4263:
4093:
2730:
The Invention of Martial Arts: Popular Culture Between Asia and America
2599:
2444:
2218:
2144:
1987: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1932:
such as Indonesia and Malaysia. Many other Indian martial arts such as
1701:
1693:
1636: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1532:
1493:
1395:
1387:
1245:
1199:
1039:
895:
731:
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715:
567:
475:
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134:
5221:
5216:
5206:
5166:
5161:
5096:
5091:
5051:
5046:
4989:
4971:
4773:
4685:
4653:
4611:
4601:
4563:
4438:
4403:
4393:
4293:
4252:
4230:
4083:
4021:
3315:
Soldwedel, A. (2003). 21st Century Shogun. Black Belt, 41 (1), 54-59.
2803:
2456:
2354:
2350:
2325:
2314:
2239:
2148:
2133:
2098:
2064:
2035:
1901:
1893:
have been growing in popularity across the United States and Europe.
1875:
1798:
1739:
1720:
1709:
1668:
1520:
1465:
1391:
1257:
1096:
1070:
1058:
947:
943:
816:
812:
800:
781:
707:
682:
674:
670:
655:
643:
625:
610:
571:
556:
512:
438:
300:
260:
256:
239:
The Chen style Taijiquan class at Fragrant Hills Park, Beijing, China
4238:
3194:
Godfrey, Emelyne (2009). "Sherlock Holmes and the Mystery Baritsu".
1962:
1809:
in the People's Republic of China are examples of such systems. The
1611:
1347:'s rules in the 18th century, and reaches its present form with the
343:
35:
4715:
4643:
4591:
4363:
4273:
4220:
4182:
4170:
4046:
2994:
2583:
2513:
2436:
2385:
2247:
2206:
2172:
2117:
2021:
1925:
1830:
1715:
The later 1960s and 1970s witnessed an increased media interest in
1708:
was developed in the 1970s, as a combination of boxing and karate.
1552:
1328:
1220:
In Europe, the earliest sources of martial arts traditions date to
883:
844:
591:
575:
531:
507:
Unarmed martial arts can be broadly grouped into those focusing on
327:
284:
god of war, and was used to refer to the combat systems of Europe (
157:
2638:) as a means to generate additional cash. This was covered in the
2257:
Some martial artists compete in non-sparring competitions such as
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5146:
5081:
5031:
4758:
4743:
4738:
4638:
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2160:
1806:
1802:
1548:
1513:
1505:
1477:
1469:
1437:
1419:
1415:
1339:
1292:
1170:
951:
891:
848:
762:
758:
742:
719:
695:
659:
639:
629:
621:
1142:
relief in Mesopotamia (modern Iraq) from the 3rd millennium BC.
5201:
5186:
5156:
5141:
5109:
5086:
5071:
5041:
5026:
4999:
4705:
4481:
4433:
4383:
4358:
3841:
3552:"Effects of martial arts on health status: A systematic review"
3403:"UNESCO Culture Sector – Intangible Heritage – 2003 Convention"
2520:
2393:
2262:
2243:
2222:
2136:
2121:
2097:
In full-contact sparring, the aim of a competitive match is to
1897:
1673:
1556:
1481:
1461:
1433:
1324:
1135:
1054:
962:
785:
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711:
606:
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490:
223:
149:
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4586:
4378:
4353:
2497:
2486:
2452:
2374:
2235:
2152:
2106:
1942:
1916:
were banned by the colonial authorities during the period of
1794:
1712:
was developed in the context of the Korean War in the 1950s.
1489:
1485:
1411:
1139:
898:(archery). Similarly, modern martial arts and sports include
887:
852:
273:
3026:
1920:, which led to a decline in their popularity. Some, such as
1283:
besides unarmed combat. Amongst these are transcriptions of
1073:
era. The oldest works of art depicting scenes of battle are
5196:
5151:
5076:
5036:
4288:
4248:
4190:
4133:
4061:
2296:
Through systematic practice in the martial arts a person's
2266:
2194:
1509:
1473:
992:
820:
777:
754:
703:
699:
562:
408:
Traditional/historical arts vs. contemporary styles: e.g.,
2865:"Taekwondo in a Street Fight: Effective for Self-defense?"
2760:"A Short Introduction to Historical European Martial Arts"
526:
Strikes: punching and kicking techniques displayed at the
3095:"Actualizing Power and Crafting a Self in Kalarippayattu"
2890:
2623:
2205:
Martial arts have crossed over into sports when forms of
2129:
1834:
3082:
The Way of the Warrior – The Paradox of the Martial Arts
1904:
onto its Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity List.
4473:
2703:"martial art | Definition, History, Types, & Facts"
2332:
Self-defense, military and law enforcement applications
515:, and those that cover both fields, often described as
3617:"British battalion 'attacked every day for six weeks'"
1813:
de-emphasized hand-to-hand combat training during the
199:
2067:
an opponent; a point system is used in competitions.
1153:
is likely facilitated by cultural exchanges of early
299:, was commonly used to refer to the fighting arts of
232:). Literally, it refers to "武 martial" and "艺 arts".
2654:
2373:
in a variety of awkward situations, much the way an
2112:
Nearly all mixed martial arts organizations such as
1837:
rules of kickboxing were introduced, based on 1980s
3757:"The Importance Of A Mouthguard When Playing Sport"
3549:
3257:
1770:action stars with martial arts background, such as
1582:were introduced in 1904. The tradition of awarding
1406:, an English martial art can be seen often used in
961:is the name of a Persian Martial arts inscribed by
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3615:
3183:https://primae.eu/history-of-martial-arts/?lang=sv
2796:
1496:martial arts which had been suppressed during the
1455:
875:also feature weapons as part of their curriculum.
3783:The Real Deal, The Buzzwords and the Latest Trend
2281:was suppressing what they saw as the potentially
1867:Mixed martial arts championship in Russia in 2021
1555:which combined jujutsu, judo, wrestling, boxing,
669:Grappling: bas-relief of grappling techniques at
5270:
3711:(21 December 2009). Retrieved on 8 January 2010.
2261:or choreographed routines of techniques such as
168:; physical, mental, and spiritual development;
3801:"The Deadliest Ads Alive! | Hogan's Alley"
2952:(Repr. ed.). New York: Routledge. p.
2042:organization but can generally be divided into
2288:
1882:since the late 20th and early 21st centuries.
1601:
3857:
3032:
2432:became classic works on hand-to-hand combat.
1848:became popular and proved to be effective in
1586:in wrestling and boxing can be traced to the
1038:Detail of the wrestling fresco in tomb 15 at
982:
3798:
3613:
3503:
3120:"Roman Games, Chariot Races & Spectacle"
2769:(Special Edition No. 1): 2–4. Archived from
2057:
1390:developed into the modern national sport of
3642:
3283:
3080:Reid, Howard and Croucher, Michael (1983).
2926:"UNESCO - Pahlevani and Zoorkhanei rituals"
2891:"International Zurkhaneh Sports Federation"
917:
372:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
3864:
3850:
3035:"Encyclopædia Britannica entry for Boxing"
2941:
2939:
1952:
1817:, but revived it with the introduction of
1019:
152:practiced for a number of reasons such as
3702:Taekwondo: A new strategy for Brand Korea
3567:
3539:. Berkeley, California: Blue Snake Books.
3506:"First UFC forever altered combat sports"
3422:"Reviving the Lost Martial Arts of India"
3318:
2377:would master movements with their sword.
2101:the opponent or to force the opponent to
2003:Learn how and when to remove this message
1652:Learn how and when to remove this message
1451:Modern history of East Asian martial arts
1186:). Legendary accounts link the origin of
392:Learn how and when to remove this message
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
27:Codified systems and traditions of combat
3494:– An essay on contact levels in training
2757:
2526:
2379:
2345:
2188:
2026:
1862:
1663:
1592:
1527:(1930s) following the foundation of the
1516:before establishing his school of judo.
1428:
1364:
1291:beginning with the establishment of the
1044:
1033:
937:
831:The traditional martial arts that cover
664:
521:
234:
133:
4856:
3694:
3237:
3193:
2945:
2936:
2238:) in the USA inspired by the Brazilian
2155:, or chest guard worn under the karate
2124:use a form of full-contact rules as do
1949:are experiencing a gradual resurgence.
148:are codified systems and traditions of
14:
5271:
3601:Medieval and Renaissance Dagger Combat
3361:Journal of Popular Film and Television
3171:https://www.britannica.com/sports/judo
2726:
2590:for sparring and competition includes
333:
251:during the 1960s to 1970s, notably by
4855:
3916:
3845:
3450:
3267:. absolutedefense.net. Archived from
3214:"Lonsdale Belt | boxing | Britannica"
2794:
2605:
2477:were integrated into the U.S. Army's
2447:system developed by Matt Larsen, the
2353:combatives instructor demonstrates a
1750:, popularized martial arts in global
1547:, a railway engineer who had studied
1369:Drawing of Indian wrestlers carrying
497:
266:According to John Clements, the term
172:; and the preservation of a nation's
3825:
3630:from the original on 11 January 2022
3598:
3497:
3480:. Straight Blast gym. Archived from
2798:"Newest Movie Craze: Chinese Agents"
2548:Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs
2412:(SOE) to teach their martial art of
1985:adding citations to reliable sources
1956:
1634:adding citations to reliable sources
1605:
1488:(among others) based on revivals of
370:adding citations to reliable sources
337:
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
3826:Ford, Justin Lee (7 October 2022).
3354:
983:
974:
835:often encompass a wide spectrum of
307:) up until the 1970s, and the term
243:According to Paul Bowman, the term
24:
3917:
3803:. Cartoonician.com. Archived from
3722:Plunkett's Sports Industry Almanac
3556:Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine
3534:
3470:
3419:
2568:Specialized conditioning equipment
1824:
1576:FILA Wrestling World Championships
1134:. The earliest known depiction of
1111:was depicted in works of art from
922:
25:
5310:
4784:Marine Corps Martial Arts Program
3682:from the original on 13 June 2010
3504:Dave Meltzer (12 November 2007).
3240:"The Martial Arts as Moneymakers"
3238:Berreby, David (28 August 1988).
2466:Marine Corps Martial Arts Program
1444:
5252:
5242:
4749:Historical European martial arts
3871:
3670:"Martial Arts : Fact Sheet"
3603:. Paladin Press. pp. 91–95.
3569:10.1111/j.1756-5391.2010.01107.x
2657:
2178:
1961:
1887:Historical European Martial Arts
1683:International Boxing Association
1610:
1267:have survived from the European
1214:were the earliest precursors to
1065:Human warfare dates back to the
1030:Historical European martial arts
959:Pahlevani and zourkhaneh rituals
865:historical European martial arts
342:
272:itself is derived from an older
34:
5253:
3819:
3792:
3775:
3749:
3735:
3714:
3662:
3607:
3592:
3543:
3444:
3413:
3395:
3348:
3309:
3231:
3206:
3202:(5): 4–5 – via EBSCOhost.
3187:
3175:
3163:
3137:
3112:
3087:
3074:
3052:
2999:
2970:
2758:Clements, John (January 2006).
2622:In the seventies, lower ranks (
2082:
1972:needs additional citations for
1852:(MMA) competitions such as the
1766:(1988). This era produced some
1719:, influenced by martial artist
1621:needs additional citations for
1456:Late 19th to early 20th century
1271:. This includes such styles as
218:
45:needs additional citations for
3537:Mastering Yang Style Taijiquan
3326:"fighting art used in the UFC"
2918:
2901:
2883:
2857:
2839:
2788:
2751:
2720:
2695:
2232:Ultimate Fighting Championship
2193:Several martial arts, such as
1354:
1311:in medieval texts such as the
1295:nobility in the 12th century,
1085:, excavated in Germany and at
902:, stick-fighting systems like
423:, and within these categories
318:Some authors have argued that
247:was popularized by mainstream
228:
209:
13:
1:
3799:Tom Heintjes (20 June 2017).
3614:Sean Rayment (13 June 2004).
2688:
2574:, dummy partners such as the
2254:of Mixed Martial Arts (MMA).
1833:event was held in Japan. The
1580:Boxing at the Summer Olympics
1349:Marquess of Queensberry Rules
1198:during the early 5th century
1180:
1119:
1026:History of Asian martial arts
419:Techniques taught: armed vs.
141:practicing martial arts, 2008
2946:Hamblin, William J. (2006).
2795:Lewis, Dan (22 April 1973).
2641:Penn & Teller: Bullshit!
2557:
2496:which has its origin in the
2410:Special Operations Executive
2400:During the World War II era
1545:Edward William Barton-Wright
437:unarmed: by type of combat (
253:Hong Kong martial arts films
179:
174:intangible cultural heritage
7:
3084:. New York: Overlook Press
2849:and P'ng Chye Khim (1979).
2650:
2289:Health and fitness benefits
1729:Judo at the Summer Olympics
1727:have been held since 1956,
1689:have been held since 1921.
1687:World Fencing Championships
1602:20th century (1914 to 1989)
1414:, Polish Zbójnicki (use of
882:, with disciplines such as
470:or demonstration of forms,
263:" wave of the early 1970s.
200:
10:
5315:
3124:World History Encyclopedia
2506:United States Marine Corps
2369:to more effectively use a
2335:
2275:People's Republic of China
2234:tournament (later renamed
2182:
2086:
1907:
1805:in Soviet-era Russia, and
1733:Karate World Championships
1448:
1358:
1023:
1012:
1006:
1002:
926:
908:modern competitive archery
867:, especially those of the
847:. Such traditions include
502:
458:By application or intent:
426:armed: by type of weapon (
311:was also used to refer to
288:) as early as the 1550s.
5238:
5175:
5130:
5060:
5015:
4945:
4866:
4862:
4851:
4797:
4729:
4667:
4572:
4514:
4472:
4344:
4229:
4181:
4124:
4007:
3927:
3923:
3912:
3879:
3720:Jack W. Plunkett (2009).
3373:10.1080/01956050309603666
3145:"History Of Martial Arts"
2058:Light- and medium-contact
1746:in the 1970s, especially
1735:were introduced in 1970.
1685:was established in 1920.
1145:The foundation of modern
1057:was practiced in ancient
975:آیین پهلوانی و زورخانهای
189:
2250:, have evolved into the
1731:was introduced in 1964.
1725:World Judo Championships
1671:(right) and his teacher
1529:Central Guoshu Institute
1277:two-handed swordfighting
1248:were represented in the
1151:South Asian martial arts
918:By application or intent
826:
259:) during the so-called "
255:(most famously those of
4981:Former official sports
4409:Northern Praying Mantis
3984:Mainland Southeast Asia
3453:"History of Varmakalai"
3012:Encyclopedia Britannica
2735:Oxford University Press
2707:Encyclopedia Britannica
2678:History of martial arts
1953:Testing and competition
1791:World War II combatives
1744:Hong Kong action cinema
1263:A number of historical
1260:as a public spectacle.
1147:East Asian martial arts
1020:Historical martial arts
1009:History of martial arts
4820:Professional wrestling
4487:Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu
3761:Orthodontics Australia
3746:September 2003, p. 20.
3535:Fu, Zhongwen (2006) .
2981:, 2005, Archaeopress,
2645:episode "Martial Arts"
2578:, and targets such as
2500:, has seen use by the
2408:were recruited by the
2397:
2358:
2202:
2038:
2034:executing a Jump Spin
1930:Indian cultural sphere
1868:
1785:purposes for military
1678:
1598:
1590:, introduced in 1909.
1441:
1374:
1327:era and texts such as
1062:
1042:
678:
638:Others using strikes:
535:
276:term meaning "arts of
240:
142:
4916:Demonstration sports
3451:Manoharan, Suresh K.
2851:Shaolin Lohan Kung-fu
2727:Bowman, Paul (2021).
2673:Martial arts timeline
2527:Martial arts industry
2420:, written by Colonel
2383:
2349:
2192:
2087:Further information:
2030:
1918:British rule in India
1896:On 29 November 2011,
1866:
1772:Jean-Claude Van Damme
1667:
1596:
1568:Greco-Roman wrestling
1449:Further information:
1432:
1368:
1289:Japanese martial arts
1285:Johannes Liechtenauer
1250:Ancient Olympic Games
1202:, with the figure of
1163:Warring States period
1048:
1037:
1015:Martial arts timeline
1013:Further information:
977:, "heroic sport") or
938:Spirituality-oriented
880:Japanese martial arts
805:Filipino Martial Arts
668:
525:
286:European martial arts
238:
137:
5176:Martial arts at the
5131:Martial arts at the
5061:Martial arts at the
5016:Martial arts at the
4996:Invitational sports
4946:Martial arts at the
4867:Martial arts at the
4789:Pencak Silat Harimau
4627:Pencak Silat Harimau
4559:Submission wrestling
4264:Luta Livre esportiva
3707:23 July 2011 at the
3648:Twigger, R. (1997).
3599:Vail, Jason (2006).
2913:Encyclopædia Iranica
2853:. Tuttle Publishing.
2683:List of martial arts
2588:Protective equipment
2402:William E. Fairbairn
2236:UFC 1: The Beginning
2211:Summer Olympic Games
2167:requires the use of
2073:protective equipment
1981:improve this article
1891:Western Martial Arts
1717:Chinese martial arts
1630:improve this article
1572:1896 Summer Olympics
1570:was included in the
1538:Western interest in
1422:, and the Norwegian
1297:Chinese martial arts
1077:from eastern Spain (
873:Chinese martial arts
511:, those focusing on
366:improve this section
313:Chinese martial arts
139:United States Marine
54:improve this article
4857:International games
4539:Full contact karate
4529:Professional boxing
4244:Brazilian jiu-jitsu
3832:Black Belt Magazine
3828:"The McDojo Excuse"
3789:, June 1999, p. 78.
3787:Black Belt Magazine
3743:Black Belt Magazine
3700:Kim, H.-S. (2009):
3652:. London: Phoenix.
3650:Angry White Pyjamas
3623:The Daily Telegraph
3426:The Armchair Lounge
3033:Michael Poliakoff.
2665:Martial arts portal
2512:as recently as the
2384:Demonstration of a
2338:Hand-to-hand combat
2126:professional boxing
1914:Indian martial arts
1846:Brazilian jiu-jitsu
1829:In 1993, the first
1801:(1950s) in Israel,
1787:hand-to-hand combat
1706:American kickboxing
1698:martial arts movies
1418:), the Czech dance
1321:Korean martial arts
1309:Indian martial arts
1279:and other types of
1258:gladiatorial combat
1159:Indian martial arts
1125:, and later in the
1105:hand-to-hand combat
967:varzesh-e pahlavāni
869:Italian Renaissance
747:Brazilian jiu-jitsu
517:hybrid martial arts
414:hybrid martial arts
412:compared to modern
334:Variation and scope
5289:Cognitive training
5019:Pan American Games
4696:Hokutoryu Ju-Jutsu
4607:Jieitaikakutōjutsu
4544:Mixed martial arts
3763:. 21 February 2020
3355:Shu, Yuan (2003).
3244:The New York Times
3218:www.britannica.com
2611:Asian martial arts
2606:Martial arts fraud
2502:United States Army
2492:The rifle-mounted
2430:Kill or Get Killed
2418:Kill or Get Killed
2398:
2388:defense against a
2359:
2305:, contributing to
2203:
2128:organizations and
2039:
1869:
1850:mixed martial arts
1844:During the 1990s,
1679:
1599:
1584:championship belts
1540:Asian martial arts
1531:in 1928 under the
1442:
1400:mixed martial arts
1375:
1303:treatises such as
1192:spread of Buddhism
1184: 350 BC
1103:, with origins in
1063:
1043:
912:practical shooting
773:Pinning Techniques
679:
536:
498:By technical focus
305:Asian martial arts
241:
143:
5284:Individual sports
5266:
5265:
5234:
5233:
5230:
5229:
4847:
4846:
4843:
4842:
4810:Martial arts film
3807:on 25 August 2015
3675:. Web-japan.org.
3484:on 7 January 2009
3432:on 21 August 2018
2869:www.sportsver.com
2767:Meibukan Magazine
2744:978-0-19-754033-6
2541:sports television
2475:Codex Wallerstein
2013:
2012:
2005:
1662:
1661:
1654:
1498:Meiji Restoration
1208:Sangam literature
1131:Epic of Gilgamesh
979:varzesh-e bāstāni
673:(9th century) in
483:Chinese tradition
447:stand-up fighting
402:
401:
394:
198:
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
5306:
5256:
5255:
5246:
4864:
4863:
4853:
4852:
3925:
3924:
3914:
3913:
3866:
3859:
3852:
3843:
3842:
3836:
3835:
3823:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3812:
3796:
3790:
3779:
3773:
3772:
3770:
3768:
3753:
3747:
3739:
3733:
3718:
3712:
3698:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3687:
3681:
3674:
3666:
3660:
3646:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3635:
3619:
3611:
3605:
3604:
3596:
3590:
3589:
3571:
3547:
3541:
3540:
3532:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3521:
3512:. Archived from
3501:
3495:
3493:
3491:
3489:
3474:
3468:
3467:
3465:
3463:
3448:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3437:
3428:. Archived from
3420:Tandon, Nikita.
3417:
3411:
3410:
3399:
3393:
3392:
3352:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3341:
3332:. Archived from
3322:
3316:
3313:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3302:
3287:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3276:
3261:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3250:
3235:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3224:
3210:
3204:
3203:
3191:
3185:
3179:
3173:
3167:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3141:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3130:
3116:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3099:spa.exeter.ac.uk
3091:
3085:
3078:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3056:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3045:
3030:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3019:
3003:
2997:
2974:
2968:
2967:
2943:
2934:
2933:
2922:
2916:
2905:
2899:
2898:
2887:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2861:
2855:
2854:
2843:
2837:
2836:
2817:NewspaperArchive
2814:
2812:
2800:
2792:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2776:on 18 March 2012
2775:
2764:
2755:
2749:
2748:
2724:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2699:
2667:
2662:
2661:
2660:
2479:training manuals
2471:Fiore dei Liberi
2428:and Appelgate's
2365:which relies on
2298:physical fitness
2008:
2001:
1997:
1994:
1988:
1965:
1957:
1676:
1657:
1650:
1646:
1643:
1637:
1614:
1606:
1504:established the
1273:sword and shield
1185:
1182:
1124:
1121:
989:varzeš-e bāstānī
986:
985:
976:
738:Submission holds
472:physical fitness
397:
390:
386:
383:
377:
346:
338:
324:fighting systems
297:martial sciences
230:
220:
211:
203:
193:
191:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
5314:
5313:
5309:
5308:
5307:
5305:
5304:
5303:
5294:Performing arts
5269:
5268:
5267:
5262:
5226:
5177:
5171:
5132:
5126:
5062:
5056:
5017:
5011:
4947:
4941:
4870:Summer Olympics
4868:
4858:
4839:
4793:
4725:
4663:
4577:
4568:
4519:
4510:
4468:
4464:Yoshukai Karate
4424:Shaolin kung fu
4340:
4225:
4201:Practice weapon
4177:
4120:
4010:
4003:
3929:Regional origin
3919:
3908:
3875:
3870:
3840:
3839:
3824:
3820:
3810:
3808:
3797:
3793:
3780:
3776:
3766:
3764:
3755:
3754:
3750:
3740:
3736:
3719:
3715:
3709:Wayback Machine
3699:
3695:
3685:
3683:
3679:
3672:
3668:
3667:
3663:
3647:
3643:
3633:
3631:
3612:
3608:
3597:
3593:
3548:
3544:
3533:
3529:
3519:
3517:
3502:
3498:
3487:
3485:
3478:"Aliveness 101"
3476:
3475:
3471:
3461:
3459:
3449:
3445:
3435:
3433:
3418:
3414:
3401:
3400:
3396:
3353:
3349:
3339:
3337:
3324:
3323:
3319:
3314:
3310:
3300:
3298:
3297:. 29 March 2014
3295:bloodyelbow.com
3289:
3288:
3284:
3274:
3272:
3271:on 17 July 2014
3263:
3262:
3258:
3248:
3246:
3236:
3232:
3222:
3220:
3212:
3211:
3207:
3192:
3188:
3180:
3176:
3168:
3164:
3154:
3152:
3143:
3142:
3138:
3128:
3126:
3118:
3117:
3113:
3103:
3101:
3093:
3092:
3088:
3079:
3075:
3065:
3063:
3058:
3057:
3053:
3043:
3041:
3031:
3027:
3017:
3015:
3005:
3004:
3000:
2975:
2971:
2964:
2944:
2937:
2924:
2923:
2919:
2906:
2902:
2889:
2888:
2884:
2874:
2872:
2871:. 28 March 2020
2863:
2862:
2858:
2847:Donn F. Draeger
2844:
2840:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2810:
2808:
2793:
2789:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2762:
2756:
2752:
2745:
2725:
2721:
2711:
2709:
2701:
2700:
2696:
2691:
2663:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2630:(also known as
2608:
2572:breaking boards
2560:
2529:
2461:US Marine Corps
2344:
2336:Main articles:
2334:
2291:
2187:
2181:
2165:World Taekwondo
2091:
2085:
2060:
2016:as a different
2009:
1998:
1992:
1989:
1978:
1966:
1955:
1912:Many styles of
1910:
1827:
1825:1990 to present
1815:Cold War period
1752:popular culture
1748:Bruce Lee films
1672:
1658:
1647:
1641:
1638:
1627:
1615:
1604:
1458:
1453:
1447:
1363:
1357:
1305:Ji Xiao Xin Shu
1183:
1167:Chinese history
1122:
1079:Spanish Levante
1067:Epipalaeolithic
1061:(1600–1500 BC).
1032:
1024:Main articles:
1022:
1017:
1011:
1005:
940:
935:
927:Main articles:
925:
923:Combat-oriented
920:
904:canne de combat
829:
796:Clinch fighting
751:Catch wrestling
505:
500:
451:ground fighting
398:
387:
381:
378:
363:
347:
336:
293:martial science
249:popular culture
182:
162:law enforcement
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5312:
5302:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5264:
5263:
5261:
5260:
5250:
5239:
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5235:
5232:
5231:
5228:
5227:
5225:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5183:
5181:
5179:European Games
5173:
5172:
5170:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5138:
5136:
5128:
5127:
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5117:
5112:
5104:
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5079:
5074:
5068:
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5039:
5034:
5029:
5023:
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5013:
5012:
5010:
5009:
5008:
5007:
5002:
4994:
4993:
4992:
4987:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4953:
4951:
4943:
4942:
4940:
4939:
4938:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4925:Pistol dueling
4922:
4914:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4874:
4872:
4860:
4859:
4849:
4848:
4845:
4844:
4841:
4840:
4838:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4807:
4801:
4799:
4795:
4794:
4792:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4754:Huiyen Lallong
4751:
4746:
4741:
4735:
4733:
4727:
4726:
4724:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4711:Shorinji Kempo
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4681:American Kenpo
4677:
4675:
4665:
4664:
4662:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4630:
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4614:
4609:
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4599:
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4589:
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4570:
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4551:
4546:
4541:
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4525:
4523:
4512:
4511:
4509:
4508:
4501:
4496:
4489:
4484:
4478:
4476:
4470:
4469:
4467:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4414:Russian boxing
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4350:
4348:
4342:
4341:
4339:
4338:
4337:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4246:
4241:
4235:
4233:
4227:
4226:
4224:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4187:
4185:
4179:
4178:
4176:
4175:
4174:
4173:
4168:
4161:Ranged weapons
4158:
4157:
4156:
4151:
4149:Stick-fighting
4146:
4144:Knife fighting
4136:
4130:
4128:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4118:
4113:
4112:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4081:
4080:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4051:
4050:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4015:
4013:
4005:
4004:
4002:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3975:
3974:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3933:
3931:
3921:
3920:
3918:Classification
3910:
3909:
3907:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3884:List of styles
3880:
3877:
3876:
3869:
3868:
3861:
3854:
3846:
3838:
3837:
3818:
3791:
3774:
3748:
3734:
3730:978-1593921408
3713:
3693:
3661:
3658:978-0753808580
3641:
3606:
3591:
3562:(4): 205–219.
3542:
3527:
3516:on 4 June 2011
3496:
3469:
3457:www.varmam.org
3443:
3412:
3394:
3347:
3336:on 23 May 2010
3317:
3308:
3282:
3265:"Jeet Kune Do"
3256:
3230:
3205:
3186:
3174:
3162:
3136:
3111:
3086:
3073:
3051:
3039:Britannica.com
3025:
2998:
2991:978-1841718163
2969:
2963:978-0415255899
2962:
2935:
2930:ich.unesco.org
2917:
2908:"Martial arts"
2900:
2882:
2856:
2838:
2787:
2750:
2743:
2719:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2669:
2668:
2652:
2649:
2636:belt factories
2607:
2604:
2559:
2556:
2533:sport industry
2528:
2525:
2363:point shooting
2333:
2330:
2290:
2287:
2199:Olympic sports
2180:
2177:
2084:
2081:
2059:
2056:
2048:medium-contact
2011:
2010:
1969:
1967:
1960:
1954:
1951:
1909:
1906:
1826:
1823:
1757:The Karate Kid
1660:
1659:
1618:
1616:
1609:
1603:
1600:
1597:Boxing in 1943
1561:stick fighting
1525:Nanjing decade
1457:
1454:
1446:
1445:Modern history
1443:
1408:morris dancing
1383:stick fighting
1379:folk wrestling
1361:Folk wrestling
1359:Main article:
1356:
1353:
1345:Jack Broughton
1265:combat manuals
1222:Ancient Greece
1176:The Art of War
1123: 3000 BC
1109:Belt wrestling
1099:is the oldest
1091:Northern Sudan
1075:cave paintings
1021:
1018:
1007:Main article:
1004:
1001:
939:
936:
924:
921:
919:
916:
900:modern fencing
841:bladed weapons
828:
825:
824:
823:
788:
769:
722:
663:
662:
636:
613:
594:
559:
530:(967 A.D.) in
504:
501:
499:
496:
495:
494:
479:
456:
455:
454:
435:
432:stick fighting
417:
410:folk wrestling
400:
399:
350:
348:
341:
335:
332:
309:Chinese boxing
181:
178:
164:applications;
128:
127:
69:"Martial arts"
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5311:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5276:
5274:
5259:
5251:
5249:
5245:
5241:
5240:
5237:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5184:
5182:
5180:
5174:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5139:
5137:
5135:
5134:African Games
5129:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5107:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5069:
5067:
5065:
5059:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5024:
5022:
5020:
5014:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4997:
4995:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4982:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4954:
4952:
4950:
4944:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4908:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4875:
4873:
4871:
4865:
4861:
4854:
4850:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4815:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4805:Fighting game
4803:
4802:
4800:
4798:Entertainment
4796:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4769:Krabi–krabong
4767:
4765:
4764:Kalaripayattu
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4736:
4734:
4732:
4728:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4678:
4676:
4674:
4670:
4666:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4584:
4582:
4580:
4575:
4571:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4554:Shootfighting
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4526:
4524:
4522:
4521:combat sports
4517:
4513:
4507:
4506:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4494:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4479:
4477:
4475:
4471:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4449:Tien Shan Pai
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4374:Choi Kwang-Do
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4351:
4349:
4347:
4343:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4296:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4254:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4236:
4234:
4232:
4228:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4211:Pushing hands
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4188:
4186:
4184:
4180:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4163:
4162:
4159:
4155:
4154:Swordsmanship
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4141:
4140:
4139:Melee weapons
4137:
4135:
4132:
4131:
4129:
4127:
4123:
4117:
4114:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4086:
4085:
4082:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4054:
4052:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4012:
4006:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3973:
3970:
3969:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3934:
3932:
3930:
3926:
3922:
3915:
3911:
3905:
3904:Hard and soft
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3881:
3878:
3874:
3867:
3862:
3860:
3855:
3853:
3848:
3847:
3844:
3833:
3829:
3822:
3806:
3802:
3795:
3788:
3784:
3778:
3762:
3758:
3752:
3745:
3744:
3738:
3731:
3727:
3723:
3717:
3710:
3706:
3703:
3697:
3678:
3671:
3665:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3645:
3629:
3625:
3624:
3618:
3610:
3602:
3595:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3561:
3557:
3553:
3546:
3538:
3531:
3515:
3511:
3510:Yahoo! Sports
3507:
3500:
3483:
3479:
3473:
3458:
3454:
3447:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3416:
3408:
3404:
3398:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3351:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3321:
3312:
3296:
3292:
3286:
3270:
3266:
3260:
3245:
3241:
3234:
3219:
3215:
3209:
3201:
3197:
3196:History Today
3190:
3184:
3178:
3172:
3166:
3150:
3146:
3140:
3125:
3121:
3115:
3100:
3096:
3090:
3083:
3077:
3062:. Sonshi. Com
3061:
3055:
3040:
3036:
3029:
3014:
3013:
3008:
3002:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2973:
2965:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2950:
2942:
2940:
2931:
2927:
2921:
2915:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2896:
2892:
2886:
2870:
2866:
2860:
2852:
2848:
2842:
2835:
2818:
2806:
2805:
2799:
2791:
2772:
2768:
2761:
2754:
2746:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2731:
2723:
2708:
2704:
2698:
2694:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2666:
2655:
2648:
2647:(June 2010).
2646:
2643:
2642:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2620:
2617:
2612:
2603:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2592:boxing gloves
2589:
2585:
2581:
2580:punching bags
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2555:
2551:
2549:
2544:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2524:
2522:
2517:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2490:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2467:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2433:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2422:Rex Applegate
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2406:Eric A. Sykes
2403:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2382:
2378:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2367:muscle memory
2364:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2343:
2339:
2329:
2327:
2324:According to
2322:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2303:mental health
2299:
2294:
2286:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2255:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2227:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2215:Chinese wushu
2212:
2208:
2200:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2179:Martial sport
2176:
2175:is possible.
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2080:
2076:
2074:
2068:
2066:
2055:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2044:light-contact
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2023:
2019:
2007:
2004:
1996:
1993:February 2021
1986:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1970:This section
1968:
1964:
1959:
1958:
1950:
1948:
1947:Kalaripayattu
1944:
1939:
1935:
1934:Mardhani Khel
1931:
1927:
1923:
1922:Kalaripayattu
1919:
1915:
1905:
1903:
1899:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1883:
1881:
1880:Western world
1877:
1873:
1865:
1861:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1842:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1822:
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1800:
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1726:
1722:
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1713:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1690:
1688:
1684:
1675:
1670:
1666:
1656:
1653:
1645:
1642:February 2021
1635:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1619:This section
1617:
1613:
1608:
1607:
1595:
1591:
1589:
1588:Lonsdale Belt
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1517:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
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1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1452:
1439:
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1431:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1384:
1380:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1352:
1350:
1346:
1341:
1340:sport fencing
1337:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1281:melee weapons
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1261:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1217:
1216:Kalaripayattu
1213:
1212:Sangam period
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1196:ancient India
1193:
1189:
1178:
1177:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1161:. During the
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1143:
1141:
1138:comes from a
1137:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1118:
1117:Ancient Egypt
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1047:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1027:
1016:
1010:
1000:
998:
994:
990:
980:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
953:
949:
945:
934:
930:
915:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
894:(staff), and
893:
889:
885:
881:
876:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
837:melee weapons
834:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
797:
792:
789:
787:
783:
779:
775:
774:
770:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
739:
734:
733:
728:
727:
723:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
692:
688:
687:
686:
685:
684:
676:
672:
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645:
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637:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
618:
614:
612:
608:
604:
600:
599:
595:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
564:
560:
558:
554:
550:
549:
545:
544:
543:
542:
541:
533:
529:
524:
520:
518:
514:
510:
492:
488:
484:
480:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
433:
429:
428:swordsmanship
425:
424:
422:
418:
415:
411:
407:
406:
405:
396:
393:
385:
382:February 2021
375:
371:
367:
361:
360:
356:
351:This section
349:
345:
340:
339:
331:
329:
325:
321:
320:fighting arts
316:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
289:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
270:
264:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
237:
233:
231:
225:
221:
215:
207:
202:
196:
187:
177:
175:
171:
170:entertainment
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
140:
136:
132:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
5299:Self-defense
5279:Martial arts
5115:Pencak silat
4825:Stage combat
4779:Mardani khel
4701:Jeet Kune Do
4659:Silat Melayu
4622:Pencak silat
4574:Self-defense
4516:Full contact
4503:
4491:
4429:Shoot boxing
4369:Chess boxing
4269:Malla-yuddha
4206:Punching bag
4196:Boxing glove
4053:Leg strikes
4032:Elbow strike
4018:Arm strikes
3873:Martial arts
3872:
3831:
3821:
3809:. Retrieved
3805:the original
3794:
3777:
3765:. Retrieved
3760:
3751:
3742:
3737:
3721:
3716:
3696:
3684:. Retrieved
3664:
3649:
3644:
3632:. Retrieved
3621:
3609:
3600:
3594:
3559:
3555:
3545:
3536:
3530:
3518:. Retrieved
3514:the original
3509:
3499:
3486:. Retrieved
3482:the original
3472:
3460:. Retrieved
3456:
3446:
3434:. Retrieved
3430:the original
3425:
3415:
3406:
3397:
3367:(2): 50–59.
3364:
3360:
3350:
3338:. Retrieved
3334:the original
3329:
3320:
3311:
3299:. Retrieved
3294:
3285:
3273:. Retrieved
3269:the original
3259:
3247:. Retrieved
3243:
3233:
3221:. Retrieved
3217:
3208:
3199:
3195:
3189:
3177:
3165:
3153:. Retrieved
3148:
3139:
3127:. Retrieved
3123:
3114:
3102:. Retrieved
3098:
3089:
3081:
3076:
3064:. Retrieved
3054:
3042:. Retrieved
3038:
3028:
3016:. Retrieved
3010:
3001:
2995:Fully online
2978:
2972:
2948:
2929:
2920:
2911:
2903:
2895:www.izsf.net
2894:
2885:
2873:. Retrieved
2868:
2859:
2850:
2841:
2820:
2815:– via
2809:. Retrieved
2807:. p. 30
2802:
2790:
2778:. Retrieved
2771:the original
2766:
2753:
2729:
2722:
2710:. Retrieved
2706:
2697:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2628:degree mills
2621:
2609:
2576:wooden dummy
2570:can include
2561:
2552:
2545:
2530:
2518:
2510:British Army
2491:
2464:
2449:Israeli army
2434:
2429:
2425:
2417:
2399:
2390:knife attack
2360:
2342:Self-defense
2323:
2311:self-control
2295:
2292:
2256:
2252:combat sport
2228:
2204:
2185:Combat sport
2156:
2140:
2111:
2096:
2092:
2089:Full-contact
2083:Full-contact
2077:
2069:
2061:
2052:full-contact
2051:
2047:
2043:
2040:
2014:
1999:
1990:
1979:Please help
1974:verification
1971:
1938:Paika Akhada
1911:
1895:
1884:
1870:
1843:
1828:
1797:(1930s) and
1783:self-defense
1780:
1776:Chuck Norris
1761:
1755:
1740:kung fu wave
1737:
1714:
1691:
1680:
1648:
1639:
1628:Please help
1623:verification
1620:
1566:Fencing and
1565:
1537:
1535:government.
1518:
1459:
1376:
1371:vajra-mushti
1333:
1317:Malla Purana
1262:
1241:
1233:
1229:
1219:
1174:
1144:
1129:
1101:combat sport
1095:
1087:Jebel Sahaba
1083:mass burials
1064:
988:
984:ورزش باستانی
978:
966:
958:
957:
941:
933:Self-defense
929:Combat sport
877:
839:, including
833:armed combat
830:
809:Jeet Kune Do
794:
790:
771:
736:
730:
724:
689:
681:
680:
652:Pencak Silat
616:
598:Elbow Strike
597:
561:
546:
538:
537:
528:Banteay Srei
506:
468:choreography
464:combat sport
460:self-defense
403:
388:
379:
364:Please help
352:
323:
319:
317:
315:until then.
308:
296:
292:
290:
269:martial arts
267:
265:
245:martial arts
244:
242:
227:
217:
183:
154:self-defence
146:Martial arts
145:
144:
131:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
5064:Asian Games
4949:World Games
4911:Greco-Roman
4731:Battlefield
4691:Chun Kuk Do
4634:Suffrajitsu
4444:Tang Soo Do
4319:Greco-Roman
4072:Knee strike
3989:Philippines
3634:11 December
3129:12 November
3104:29 February
3018:2 September
3007:"Wrestling"
2780:21 December
2616:ninja craze
2600:mouthguards
2535:(including
2307:self-esteem
2149:groin guard
1872:Jackie Chan
1839:Seidokaikan
1811:US military
1760:(1984) and
1502:Kano Jigoro
1490:old schools
1404:Singlestick
1373:(1792 A.D.)
1355:Folk styles
1336:World War I
1313:Agni Purana
1269:Middle Ages
1204:Bodhidharma
1188:Shaolinquan
1113:Mesopotamia
1051:martial art
857:kalaripayat
617:Knee Strike
166:competition
110:August 2023
18:Martial Art
5273:Categories
5106:2018 Only
4967:Kickboxing
4721:Qwan Ki Do
4649:To-Shin Do
4579:combatives
4549:Pankration
4534:Kickboxing
4505:Xingyiquan
4493:Baguazhang
4459:Wudangquan
4389:Kickboxing
4284:Shuai jiao
4094:Joint lock
4011:techniques
3626:. London.
3520:3 November
3488:3 November
3407:UNESCO.org
3340:7 November
3249:4 December
3066:7 November
2987:1841718165
2712:13 January
2689:References
2508:, and the
2459:, and the
2445:Combatives
2283:subversive
2219:kickboxing
2183:See also:
2145:mouthguard
1900:inscribed
1889:and other
1763:Bloodsport
1702:kickboxing
1694:Korean War
1533:Kuomintang
1508:School of
1494:Edo period
1396:kickboxing
1388:muay boran
1246:pankration
1040:Beni Hasan
732:Chokeholds
726:Joint lock
716:Shuai Jiao
568:Kickboxing
491:"internal"
487:"external"
476:meditation
214:Pe̍h-ōe-jī
80:newspapers
5222:Wrestling
5217:Taekwondo
5167:Wrestling
5162:Taekwondo
5097:Wrestling
5092:Taekwondo
5052:Wrestling
5047:Taekwondo
4990:Taekwondo
4972:Muay Thai
4907:freestyle
4903:Wrestling
4898:Taekwondo
4774:Krav Maga
4686:Angampora
4654:Wing Chun
4612:Krav Maga
4602:Kajukenbo
4564:Vale Tudo
4439:Taekwondo
4404:Muay Thai
4394:Kun Khmer
4324:Mongolian
4314:freestyle
4294:Wrestling
4253:Para judo
4231:Grappling
4084:Grappling
4022:Chokehold
3952:Indonesia
3811:13 August
3767:6 October
3686:13 August
3389:192198724
3381:0195-6051
2804:Lima News
2558:Equipment
2457:Krav Maga
2426:Get Tough
2355:chokehold
2351:U.S. Army
2326:Bruce Lee
2319:spiritual
2315:emotional
2240:Vale tudo
2134:Kyokushin
2099:knock out
2065:knock out
2036:Hook Kick
2032:Steven Ho
1876:Bruce Lee
1821:in 1989.
1799:Krav Maga
1768:Hollywood
1721:Bruce Lee
1710:Taekwondo
1669:Bruce Lee
1521:muay Thai
1500:In 1882,
1466:wrestling
1392:muay Thai
1351:of 1867.
1338:. Modern
1323:from the
1256:produced
1238:wrestling
1097:Wrestling
1071:Neolithic
1069:to early
948:taekwondo
890:(sword),
817:wrestling
813:Muay Thai
801:Wing Chun
782:Wrestling
763:Taijiquan
720:Taijiquan
708:Wrestling
683:Grappling
675:Indonesia
671:Prambanan
656:Taijiquan
644:Muay Thai
626:Muay Thai
611:Muay Thai
572:Taekwondo
557:Wing Chun
513:grappling
439:grappling
353:does not
301:East Asia
291:The term
261:chopsocky
257:Bruce Lee
195:romanized
180:Etymology
5207:Muaythai
4957:Ju-jitsu
4830:Tricking
4814:Chanbara
4716:Unifight
4669:Eclectic
4644:Taekkyon
4592:Bartitsu
4474:Internal
4364:Capoeira
4346:Striking
4274:Pehlwani
4221:Sparring
4183:Training
4171:Shooting
4116:Stand-up
4104:Takedown
4057:Footwork
4047:Headbutt
4009:Unarmed
3894:Timeline
3705:Archived
3677:Archived
3628:Archived
3586:41065668
3578:21349072
2875:15 April
2811:15 April
2651:See also
2596:headgear
2584:makiwara
2582:and the
2514:Iraq War
2473:and the
2437:Unifight
2386:Ju-Jitsu
2259:breaking
2248:Pancrase
2207:sparring
2173:knockout
2169:Headgear
2118:Pancrase
2022:sparring
1926:Silambam
1902:Taekkyon
1841:karate.
1831:Pancrase
1553:Bartitsu
1331:(1598).
1329:Muyejebo
1315:and the
1301:Ming era
1140:Sumerian
1127:Sumerian
944:Taekkyon
884:kenjutsu
845:polearms
791:Trapping
691:Throwing
592:Taekyyon
576:Capoeira
548:Punching
532:Cambodia
443:striking
328:warriors
186:Japanese
158:military
5258:Outline
5192:Fencing
5147:Fencing
5082:Jujutsu
5032:Fencing
4883:Fencing
4759:Jujutsu
4744:Bokator
4739:Banshay
4673:hybrids
4639:Systema
4597:Hapkido
4499:Tai chi
4454:Vovinam
4399:Lethwei
4304:Cornish
4259:Jujutsu
4216:Randori
4166:Archery
4126:Weapons
3999:Vietnam
3972:Okinawa
3962:Ireland
3957:Italian
3899:Records
3889:History
3462:1 March
3436:1 March
3330:UFC.com
3223:1 March
2632:McDojos
2564:weapons
2494:bayonet
2483:eskrima
2441:US Army
2414:Defendu
2375:iaidoka
2371:firearm
2161:females
1908:Revival
1807:Sanshou
1803:Systema
1549:jujutsu
1519:Modern
1514:jujutsu
1506:Kodokan
1478:jujutsu
1470:fencing
1440:, 1811
1438:England
1424:Halling
1420:odzemek
1416:ciupaga
1293:samurai
1190:to the
1171:Sun Tzu
1155:Chinese
1003:History
971:Persian
952:Hapkido
892:bojutsu
871:. Many
849:eskrima
759:Chin-na
743:Jujutsu
696:Hapkido
660:Vovinam
648:Kung Fu
640:Lethwei
634:Kung Fu
630:Bokator
622:Lethwei
603:Kung Fu
588:Kung Fu
563:Kicking
540:Strikes
509:strikes
503:Unarmed
481:Within
421:unarmed
374:removed
359:sources
280:", the
206:Chinese
197::
94:scholar
5248:Portal
5202:Karate
5187:Boxing
5157:Karate
5142:Boxing
5110:Kurash
5087:Karate
5072:Boxing
5042:Karate
5027:Boxing
5000:Aikido
4962:Karate
4935:Savate
4893:Karate
4878:Boxing
4706:Shooto
4482:Aikido
4434:Savate
4384:Karate
4359:Boxing
4239:Barróg
4067:Flying
4042:Ground
4037:Clinch
3994:Russia
3942:Europe
3728:
3656:
3584:
3576:
3387:
3379:
3301:27 May
3275:27 May
3149:Primae
3044:18 May
2985:
2960:
2741:
2537:cinema
2521:aikido
2504:, the
2439:, the
2394:Berlin
2263:poomse
2244:Shooto
2223:aikido
2197:, are
2137:karate
2122:Shooto
2103:submit
2050:, and
1898:UNESCO
1677:(left)
1674:Ip Man
1557:savate
1484:, and
1482:karate
1462:boxing
1434:Boxing
1325:Joseon
1319:, and
1254:Romans
1252:. The
1244:) and
1226:Boxing
1136:boxing
1055:boxing
997:Persia
963:UNESCO
950:, and
863:, and
861:kobudo
786:Aikido
767:Karate
712:Aikido
607:Karate
584:Karate
580:Savate
553:Boxing
493:styles
478:, etc.
226::
224:pinyin
216::
208::
201:bu-gei
150:combat
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
5212:Sambo
5120:Sambo
5102:Wushu
5005:Wushu
4985:Sambo
4930:Glima
4835:Wuxia
4617:MCMAP
4587:Arnis
4419:Sanda
4379:Dambe
4354:Bando
4334:shoot
4299:catch
4279:Sambo
4109:Throw
4099:Sweep
4077:Stomp
4027:Punch
3979:Korea
3967:Japan
3947:India
3937:China
3781:see “
3680:(PDF)
3673:(PDF)
3582:S2CID
3385:S2CID
3155:2 May
2774:(PDF)
2763:(PDF)
2498:spear
2487:silat
2453:KAPAP
2279:wushu
2153:males
2107:UFC 1
1943:Gatka
1858:PRIDE
1795:KAPAP
1742:" of
1738:The "
1486:kendo
1412:Hopak
1299:with
1230:pygme
1194:from
1059:Thera
896:kyūdō
888:kendo
853:silat
827:Armed
434:etc.)
295:, or
282:Roman
274:Latin
219:bú-gē
101:JSTOR
87:books
5197:Judo
5152:Judo
5077:Judo
5037:Judo
4977:Sumo
4920:Budō
4888:Judo
4309:folk
4289:Sumo
4249:Judo
4191:Kata
4134:Duel
4089:Hold
4062:Kick
3813:2015
3769:2020
3726:ISBN
3688:2015
3654:ISBN
3636:2008
3574:PMID
3522:2008
3490:2008
3464:2016
3438:2016
3377:ISSN
3342:2010
3303:2014
3277:2014
3251:2010
3225:2022
3157:2023
3131:2021
3106:2016
3068:2010
3046:2013
3020:2019
2983:ISBN
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