346:
31:
527:
1114:
326:
to followed the process. Though he failed to exculpate the
Archbishop, Azpilcueta was highly honoured at Rome by several popes, and was looked on as an oracle of learning and prudence. His humility, disinterestedness, and charity were proverbial. the
370:
had claimed, and "put money on the same level as any other merchandise, and, consequently, established that the morality of exchanges did not depend on money as their object but on an equitable exchange". Then he legitimated the practice of
517:
in different prayers. He partially put down the unfamiliarity of "the rustic dwellers and highlanders" with the
Christian teachings to the use of Latin, "instead of their native language, learning them by heart".
417:(1549), originally written in Spanish, was enormously influential in the fields of canon law and ethics, and by the first quarter of the seventeenth century, it had gone through 81 editions. The
1065:
1162:
1192:
445:
405:, he maintained that beneficed clergymen were free to expend the fruits of their benefices only for their own necessary support and that of the poor.
1124:
470:, he considered that contracts doesn't be burdens for a party and that any violation of the equity can be take to ecclesiastical courts.
1202:
345:
463:
1187:
436:
He formulated a basic form of the principle of contractual consensualim, which was later elaborated upon by other members of the
1207:
1100:
1177:
30:
274:
Beginning in 1524, Azpilcueta served in several canon law chairs at the
University of Salamanca. He got the chair of
1182:
597:, édition portugaise, Coímbra, 1550; édition en castillan, Salamanque, 1556; Pampelune, Adrián de Amberes, 1566;
505:
that vernaculars had been used before, as approved by bishops and inquisitors, citing "a pious and knowledgeable
429:, addressing exchange, supply and demand, and money, has recently been translated into English and published as
745:
339:
241:
288:
116:
1197:
482:
reacted by hanging onto Latin. On the other hand, Azpilcueta supported the use of vernaculars in his 1545
342:. Among other lives of Azpilcueta there is one by his nephew, prefixed to the Roman edition of his works.
1167:
1157:
478:
In the face of use by the reformed Church of natural languages in their liturgy and divulgation, the
526:
387:
205:
170:
145:
304:
1172:
1055:
Theologians and
Contract Law : The Moral Transformation of the Ius commune (ca. 1500-1650)
332:
264:
92:
1129:
1033:
Jimeno
Aranguren, Roldan. "Contrareforma y lengua: regulación jurídica y praxis en Navarra".
315:
1152:
1147:
679:
Discurso del silencio que se deue guardar en los
Diuinos Oficios, principalmente en el Coro
319:
292:
281:
209:
450:
366:
In this work, Azpilcueta argued that the use of "money in exchanges is not unnatural," as
260:
8:
479:
467:
437:
391:
217:
125:
755:
936:
398:
311:
296:
233:
107:
102:
55:
1063:
Decock, Wim (2018). "Martin de
Azpilcueta". In R. Domingo; J. Martínez-Torrón (eds.).
1096:
958:
441:
276:
245:
59:
948:
495:
322:, accused before the Tribunal of the Inquisition. At the age of eighty, he went to
280:
in 1532 and then obtained the first chair of canon law in 1537, when he taught to
1078:
514:
510:
213:
1088:
992:
977:
894:
852:
422:
383:
237:
1141:
1118:
962:
498:, coming up against the opposition of the defenders of the Latin tradition.
937:"Martín de Azpilcueta: The Spanish Scholastic on Usury and Time-Preference"
761:
750:
425:
as its own discipline. One of the four appendices
Azpilcueta wrote for the
77:
229:
51:
953:
462:
and fairness in exchange: with a large interpretation of the principe of
402:
328:
1053:
922:
The School of
Salamanca; Readings in Spanish Monetary Theory, 1544-1605
459:
252:
198:
263:, then for polical reasons he fleed in France in 1516 to study at the
367:
268:
140:
490:, writing down the prayers Our Father, Hail Mary, and Creed both in
390:
in 1556. He also allegedly invented the mathematical concept of the
1117: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
673:
Miscellanea centum de oratione, praesertim de
Psalterio et Rosario
382:
Congitating about the effects of gold and silver arrivals from the
372:
300:
256:
194:
155:
458:
Azpilcueta cogitated also on the concepts of commutative justice,
506:
487:
121:
240:. In 1508, he was amongst the rare students accepted in the new
637:
Capítulo veyte y ocho de las adiciones del Manual de confesores
150:
338:
Azpilcueta died in Rome at the age of 94. He is buried in the
1075:
Giraud, Bibli. Sacr., II 334-336 (gives list of his writings)
491:
376:
534:
323:
73:
1071:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 116–133.
1058:. Leiden/Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 723.
764:
Azpilikueta, Basque prominent writer and maternal relative
573:
Commento o repetición del capítulo Quando de consecratione
1011:
999:
901:
801:
619:
Tratado sobre las rentas de los beneficios eclesiásticos
204:
Renowned in his time, he was the first to formulate the
864:
862:
791:
789:
787:
609:, Salamanque, 1556. Pampelune, Adrián de Amberes, 1565.
397:
In his work on the revenues of benefices, dedicated to
189:
in Basque) (13 December 1492 – 1 June 1586), or
1091:(2015): "Nafarroatik Nafarroara" in Pruden Gartzia:
874:
859:
825:
784:
335:
and tried, without success, to make him a cardinal.
813:
561:
Relectio sive iterata praelectio de resit. Spoliat
1064:
1035:Visiones poliédricas sobre la conquista de Navarra
781:Aspilcueta, Azpilcoeta, Navarrus, Doctor Navarrus
303:from 1538 to 1555. There he became friendly with
1139:
1163:16th-century Spanish Roman Catholic theologians
1193:Academic staff of the University of Salamanca
846:
844:
842:
840:
703:Comentario sobre los expolios de los clérigos
473:
421:made an important step in the development of
340:national Church of San Antonio de' Portoghesi
267:and obtained a degree of doctor in civil and
1032:
667:Comentarius de silentio in divinis Officciis
1122:
1067:Great Christian Jurists in Spanish History
919:
837:
386:, Azpilcueta independently formulated the
29:
952:
643:Respuesta a De redditibus ecclesiasticis
555:Comentario sobre el capítulo Inter Verba
310:Back to Spain in 1555, he was charged by
236:, Martín de Azpilcueta was a relative of
549:Si quando de Rescriptis in causa propria
525:
344:
934:
661:Commentarius de religiones sine debito
1140:
1062:
1051:
1017:
1005:
907:
880:
868:
831:
819:
807:
795:
697:Enajenación de las Cosas Eclesiásticas
579:Relectio cap. ita quorundam de Iudaeis
1028:
1026:
721:Tractatus de Finibus Humanorum Actuum
501:Later, he had to explain in his 1586
1133:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
509:", referring to Sancho de Elso from
375:against the catholic prohibition of
13:
1123:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "
1023:
649:Commentarius de spoliis clericorum
631:Commentarii in tres De Poenitentia
567:Relectio in cap. Novit de iudicis
251:After his obtention of degrees in
14:
1219:
1203:16th-century Spanish philosophers
733:Tratado de Indulgencias y Jubileo
655:Tratado de alabanza y murmuración
625:Adiciones al Manual de confesores
591:Manual de confesores y penitentes
415:Manual de confesores y penitentes
1112:
935:Caranti, Pedro J. (2020-07-01).
681:, Salamanque, Pedro Lasso, 1588.
607:Comentario resolutorio de usuras
216:one of the main thinkers of the
984:
969:
928:
913:
898:. CLP Academic, 2014, p.xxxiii.
709:Cuatro Comentarios de Regulares
615:sobre hurtos, Salamanque, 1556.
521:
1188:University of Salamanca alumni
981:. CLP Academic, 2014, p.xxiii.
886:
775:
758:, another "Iberian monetarist"
746:Doctrine of mental reservation
537:(Milano, Fondazione Mansutti).
305:Henry, future king of Portugal
242:Colegio Mayor de San Ildefonso
1:
920:Hutchinson, Marjorie (1952).
856:. CLP Academic, 2014, p.xxii.
768:
1208:16th-century Spanish jurists
691:Consiliorum sive Responsorum
480:Catholic Counter-Reformation
7:
739:
595:Enchirindion confessariorum
331:made him counsellor of the
10:
1224:
1045:
474:Use of vernacular language
361:
1178:16th-century male writers
543:Comentarii de Poenitentia
176:
164:
131:
115:
98:
88:
84:
66:
44:
28:
21:
685:Commentaria Gregorii IX
388:quantity theory of money
356:
206:quantity theory of money
171:Quantity theory of money
1183:16th-century economists
223:
990:Martin de Azpilcueta,
975:Martin de Azpilcueta,
892:Martin de Azpilcueta,
850:Martin de Azpilcueta,
715:Capitulo Humanae Aures
538:
531:Manuale de' confessori
408:
353:
333:Apostolic Penitentiary
265:university of Toulouse
93:Renaissance philosophy
1130:Catholic Encyclopedia
996:. CLP Academic, 2014.
727:Tratado de Penitencia
529:
348:
314:to defend his friend
287:At the invitation of
232:in a noble family of
208:in 1556 and was with
1085:, (1892), I, 124-127
1052:Decock, Wim (2013).
954:10.2478/sh-2020-0010
924:. Oxford: Clarendon.
585:Relectio in Levitico
350:Consilia et responsa
320:Archbishop of Toledo
293:John III of Portugal
282:Diego de Covarrubias
210:Francisco de Vitoria
183:Martín de Azpilcueta
37:Martín de Azpilcueta
23:Martín de Azpilcueta
1198:School of Salamanca
1095:, Donostia: Elkar.
657:, Valladolid, 1572.
639:, Valladolid, 1570.
621:, Valladolid, 1566.
603:, Salamanque, 1556.
503:Miscellaneum centum
484:Commento en Romance
468:seventh Commandment
438:School of Salamanca
392:time value of money
218:School of Salamanca
126:School of Salamanca
1168:Spanish economists
1020:, p. 545-553.
1008:, p. 125-126.
910:, p. 126-127.
810:, p. 117-118.
539:
494:and Romance, i.e.
399:Philip II of Spain
354:
316:Bartolomé Carranza
312:Philip II of Spain
297:Coimbra University
289:Charles V of Spain
108:Spanish philosophy
103:Western philosophy
56:Kingdom of Navarre
16:Spanish theologian
1158:Canon law jurists
1125:Martin Aspilcueta
1101:978-84-9027-443-9
1093:Nafarroako auziaz
601:Cinco comentarios
442:Leonardus Lessius
284:and Arias Piñel.
246:cardinal Cisneros
244:, founded by the
180:
179:
60:Crown of Castille
1215:
1134:
1116:
1115:
1072:
1070:
1059:
1039:
1038:
1030:
1021:
1015:
1009:
1003:
997:
988:
982:
973:
967:
966:
956:
932:
926:
925:
917:
911:
905:
899:
890:
884:
878:
872:
866:
857:
848:
835:
829:
823:
817:
811:
805:
799:
793:
782:
779:
756:Tomás de Mercado
587:, Coímbra, 1550.
581:, Coímbra, 1550.
575:, Coímbra, 1550.
569:, Coímbra, 1548.
563:, Coímbra, 1547.
557:, Coímbra, 1543.
551:. Coímbra, 1543.
545:, Coímbra, 1542.
454:
193:, was a Spanish
48:13 December 1491
33:
19:
18:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1213:
1212:
1138:
1137:
1113:
1089:Azurmendi, Joxe
1079:Hugo von Hurter
1048:
1043:
1042:
1031:
1024:
1016:
1012:
1004:
1000:
989:
985:
974:
970:
933:
929:
918:
914:
906:
902:
891:
887:
879:
875:
867:
860:
849:
838:
830:
826:
818:
814:
806:
802:
794:
785:
780:
776:
771:
742:
524:
513:, who had used
476:
448:
411:
364:
359:
295:, he taught at
226:
214:Domingo de Soto
201:and economist.
191:Doctor Navarrus
167:
160:
134:
124:
80:
71:
62:
49:
40:
39:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1221:
1211:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1136:
1135:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1103:
1086:
1076:
1073:
1060:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1022:
1010:
998:
983:
968:
927:
912:
900:
885:
883:, p. 119.
873:
871:, p. 117.
858:
836:
834:, p. 116.
824:
812:
800:
798:, p. 118.
783:
773:
772:
770:
767:
766:
765:
759:
753:
748:
741:
738:
737:
736:
730:
724:
718:
712:
706:
700:
694:
688:
682:
676:
670:
664:
658:
652:
646:
640:
634:
628:
622:
616:
610:
604:
598:
588:
582:
576:
570:
564:
558:
552:
546:
523:
520:
475:
472:
446:Pedro de Oñate
423:moral theology
410:
407:
384:Spanish Empire
363:
360:
358:
355:
238:Francis Xavier
225:
222:
178:
177:
174:
173:
168:
165:
162:
161:
159:
158:
153:
148:
143:
137:
135:
133:Main interests
132:
129:
128:
119:
113:
112:
111:
110:
100:
96:
95:
90:
86:
85:
82:
81:
72:
68:
64:
63:
50:
46:
42:
41:
35:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1220:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1173:Mercantilists
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1132:
1131:
1126:
1120:
1119:public domain
1111:
1110:
1106:
1105:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1069:
1068:
1061:
1057:
1056:
1050:
1049:
1036:
1029:
1027:
1019:
1014:
1007:
1002:
995:
994:
987:
980:
979:
972:
964:
960:
955:
950:
946:
942:
941:Studia Humana
938:
931:
923:
916:
909:
904:
897:
896:
889:
882:
877:
870:
865:
863:
855:
854:
847:
845:
843:
841:
833:
828:
822:, p. 40.
821:
816:
809:
804:
797:
792:
790:
788:
778:
774:
763:
760:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
743:
734:
731:
728:
725:
722:
719:
716:
713:
710:
707:
704:
701:
698:
695:
692:
689:
686:
683:
680:
677:
675:. Rome, 1586.
674:
671:
668:
665:
663:, Rome, 1574.
662:
659:
656:
653:
651:, Rome, 1572.
650:
647:
644:
641:
638:
635:
632:
629:
626:
623:
620:
617:
614:
611:
608:
605:
602:
599:
596:
592:
589:
586:
583:
580:
577:
574:
571:
568:
565:
562:
559:
556:
553:
550:
547:
544:
541:
540:
536:
532:
528:
519:
516:
512:
508:
504:
499:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
471:
469:
465:
461:
456:
452:
447:
443:
439:
434:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
406:
404:
400:
395:
393:
389:
385:
380:
378:
374:
369:
351:
347:
343:
341:
336:
334:
330:
325:
321:
317:
313:
308:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
285:
283:
279:
278:
272:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
249:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
221:
219:
215:
211:
207:
202:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
175:
172:
169:
166:Notable ideas
163:
157:
154:
152:
149:
147:
144:
142:
139:
138:
136:
130:
127:
123:
120:
118:
114:
109:
106:
105:
104:
101:
97:
94:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
47:
43:
38:
32:
27:
20:
1128:
1092:
1082:
1066:
1054:
1034:
1013:
1001:
991:
986:
976:
971:
947:(2): 28–36.
944:
940:
930:
921:
915:
903:
893:
888:
876:
851:
827:
815:
803:
777:
762:Pedro Agerre
751:Equivocation
732:
726:
720:
714:
708:
702:
696:
690:
684:
678:
672:
666:
660:
654:
648:
642:
636:
630:
624:
618:
612:
606:
600:
594:
590:
584:
578:
572:
566:
560:
554:
548:
542:
530:
522:Publications
502:
500:
486:released in
483:
477:
457:
435:
430:
426:
418:
414:
412:
396:
381:
365:
349:
337:
309:
286:
275:
273:
250:
227:
203:
190:
186:
182:
181:
78:Papal States
36:
1153:1586 deaths
1148:1491 births
1107:Attribution
1083:Nomenclator
1018:Decock 2013
1006:Decock 2018
993:On Exchange
978:On Exchange
908:Decock 2018
895:On Exchange
881:Decock 2018
869:Decock 2018
853:On Exchange
832:Decock 2018
820:Decock 2013
808:Decock 2018
796:Decock 2018
693:Rome, 1602.
687:, ca. 1595.
466:and of the
449: [
431:On Exchange
403:Pope Pius V
329:pope Pius V
70:1 June 1586
1142:Categories
1037:: 140–141.
769:References
613:Repertorio
507:Cantabrian
460:just price
253:philosophy
199:theologian
187:Azpilkueta
963:2299-0518
496:Castilian
433:(2014).
368:Aristotle
271:in 1518.
269:canon law
230:Barásoain
146:Economics
141:Canon law
52:Barásoain
740:See also
373:interest
301:Portugal
277:Decretum
257:theology
228:Born in
195:canonist
156:Theology
1121::
1046:Sources
669:, 1580.
645:, 1571.
633:, 1569.
627:, 1569.
511:Estella
488:Coimbra
362:Economy
234:Navarre
122:Thomism
1099:
961:
515:Basque
464:laesio
427:Manual
419:Manual
352:, 1594
261:Alcalá
151:Ethics
117:School
99:Region
492:Latin
453:]
440:like
377:usury
357:Works
1097:ISBN
959:ISSN
535:1584
444:and
413:His
401:and
324:Rome
291:and
255:and
224:Life
212:and
74:Rome
67:Died
45:Born
1127:".
949:doi
455:.
409:Law
299:in
259:at
89:Era
1144::
1081:,
1025:^
957:.
943:.
939:.
861:^
839:^
786:^
593:o
533:,
451:fr
394:.
379:.
318:,
307:.
248:.
220:.
197:,
76:,
58:,
54:,
965:.
951::
945:9
735:.
729:.
723:.
717:.
711:.
705:.
699:.
185:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)