38:
168:(Polish: adopcja herbowa), was, in the Kingdom of Poland, a common form of adoption into an existing heraldic clan along with assuming the coat of arms of that clan. The adoption of heraldic arms was a procedure used solely in Polish heraldry and was one of the earlier "old way" forms of ennoblement in Poland. It became particularly popular in the 15th century but was abolished by the first half of the 17th century.
1605:
1110:
191:
in 16th century Polish) as he was superior to all other officials at the court, including the cup-bearers, sword-bearers, flag-bearers, writers, mathematicians and secretaries. Among his responsibilities were command over the court during kings' travels, obedience of court
161:(Polish noble estate) Thomas Paul Michael Marshall, Ritter und Edler von Marszalek and his sons Knox William Marshall, Ritter und Edler von Marszalek and Andrew Thomas Marshall, Ritter und Edler von Marszalek are Albin's nearest living relatives.
339:
of 1863 the marshals were usually nominated by the governor. Their influence soon diminished and the office was abolished, together with the traditional Polish system of administrative division onto voivodships, lands and powiats.
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in the presence of the monarch and regulating the order of meetings in order to ensure kings' safety. Initially traditional law, the set of rules was finally accepted by the
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319:) was created. Not related to the earlier court officials, the szlachta marshal was a deputy of Russian-nominated governor and was entitled with taking care of the
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In 1486, Albin
Szlachcic Marszałek, Kapitan Rycerstwa (German: Ritter und Edler von Marszałek, Hauptmann der Ritterschaft), was further ennobled by Prince Jan II (
1210:
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355:, and although it is the highest military rank it is more of an honor-rank. This title is granted only to military commanders who achieved victory during a war.
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114:. Initially it retained its original meaning, but then evolved to denote the primary military leader in various courts of princes, most notably in
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157:, as the result of successful campaigns against Brandenburg that reached as far as Berlin. Albin Szlachcic Marszałek was a member of the
1526:
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It is believed Albin
Szlachcic Marszałek (Eng: Lord Marshal) assumed the coat of arms of Prince Jan II based on heraldic adoption.
1490:
239:
and were entitled to conduct the same set of duties when the king was on the
Lithuanian soil. In addition, a separate office of
323:
and other self-government bodies of the gentry, as well as with collecting taxes and controlling the genealogical records. The
266:
was also used to denote a number of lower-ranking or temporary officials. Out of those the most prominent were marshals of the
86:
since the 15th century. It was the highest-ranking of all court officials and was considered the most important advisor to the
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118:. Later the title evolved further to denote one of the functions at the court. In the 14th century the royal court in
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Coat of Arms of the
Silesian Piasts and Coat of Arms of the Marszałek family through heraldic adoption.
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https://web.archive.org/web/20160304102559/http:/bluedragon.mordy.pl/pliki/publikacje/dlugosz.pdf
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179:) was created for the closest of all kings' men. The Grand Marshal was often referred to as
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572:(voivodeship marshal) – leader of the indirectly elected executive of a
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In the 20th century, when Poland regained independence, a new rank was created:
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Before the partition of Poland, the highest military rank equivalent to modern
259:) was created. The latter official was the manager of kings' private property.
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In the semi-confederal Polish-Lithnuanian
Commonwealth, offices were split:
411:
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1311:
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1420:
580:(voivodeship's legislature), co-existing with the government-appointed
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650:"Jan II Szalony (Okrutny, Dziki, Zły, Niespokojny) - POCZET.COM"
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371:. In many cases, they are completely unrelated to each other.
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227:), who was taking care for the court and the safety of the
213:
247:) was created. Finally, in the 17th century an office of
636:"Schlesischer Adel | Genealogy Digital Archive EU"
327:
of 1842 introduced two sets of such officials: one for
204:, King entitled the marszałek to enforce the so-called
78:) was the title of one of the highest officials in the
138:
The first recorded mention of a Marszałek is at the
335:-level. Initially elected by the gentry, after the
142:in Silesia on April 9, 1241, where the forces of
110:came to Polish language in the 13th century from
1799:
208:, or a set of rules limiting the freedom of the
82:royal court since the 13th century, and in the
133:
1541:
1527:
1297:
1041:
1027:
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262:In addition to the court officials, the term
130:), which was reserved for kings' advisors.
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1304:
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710:
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331:level of administration and the other for
200:meetings. In addition, when away from the
605:Offices in Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1655:Mikołaj Krzysztof "the Orphan" Radziwiłł
1085:Mikołaj Krzysztof "the Orphan" Radziwiłł
325:Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire
171:In the 15th century a similar office of
36:
14:
1800:
307:, in the Russian-occupied part of the
146:were soundly defeated by the Mongols.
1515:
1285:
1015:
691:
219:The Grand marshal's deputy was named
447:– Marshal of the Court of Lithuania
419:– Marshal of the Court of the Crown
283:
24:
576:(one of Poland's 16 provinces) by
468:– District Marshal or Land Marshal
25:
1864:
1221:Ignacy Anicenta Kieżgajło Zawisza
367:Following is a list of titles of
235:similar offices were created for
1603:
1108:
981:Jerzy Augustyn Wandalin Mniszech
668:"Ritter und Edler von Marszalek"
1466:Stanisław Herakliusz Lubomirski
936:Stanisław Herakliusz Lubomirski
1670:Krzysztof Monwind Drohostajski
1590:Petras Jonaitis Mantigirdaitis
1386:Mikołaj Lackoroński of Brzezie
1100:Krzysztof Monwind Drohostajski
660:
642:
628:
617:
309:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
13:
1:
1716:Stanisław Kazimierz Radziwiłł
1650:Jan Hieronimowicz Chodkiewicz
1645:Mikołaj "the Black" Radziwiłł
1376:Wawrzyniec Zaremba of Kalinów
781:Andrzej Tęczynski z Rabsztyna
672:ritterundedlervonmarszalek.de
610:
383:Marszałek Krolestwa Polskiego
196:and starting and closing the
128:marszałek Królestwa Polskiego
124:Marshal of the Polish Kingdom
1711:Aleksander Hilary Połubiński
1660:Albrycht Stanisław Radziwiłł
1090:Albrycht Stanisław Radziwiłł
946:Hieronim Augustyn Lubomirski
728:(Marszałek nadworny koronny)
122:introduced an office of the
7:
1701:Aleksander Ludwik Radziwiłł
1241:Janusz Aleksander Sanguszko
1140:Aleksander Ludwik Radziwiłł
941:Mikołaj Hieronim Sieniawski
756:Wawrzyniec Zaremba z Kaliny
588:
524:People's Republic of Poland
445:Marszałek nadworny litewski
134:Historical usage, 1240–1772
10:
1869:
1736:Kazimierz Antoni Sanguszko
1726:Janusz Antoni Wiśniowiecki
1476:Kazimierz Ludwik Bieliński
1456:Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski
1323:(Marszałek wielki koronny)
1266:Stanisław Pereświet Sołtan
1216:Michał "Rybeńko" Radziwiłł
1185:Janusz Antoni Wiśniowiecki
1001:Stanisław Kostka Bieliński
956:Kazimierz Ludwik Bieliński
921:Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski
786:Jan z Brzezia Lanckoroński
526:, and present-day Poland:
417:Marszałek nadworny koronny
255:, not to be confused with
245:marszałek ziemski litewski
173:Grand Marshal of the Crown
102:, derived from Old German
93:
29:
1843:German titles of nobility
1754:
1741:Marcjan Dominik Wołłowicz
1678:
1640:Jan Janowicz Zabrzeziński
1612:
1601:
1552:
1331:
1193:
1117:
1106:
1052:
841:Jan Teczynski z Rabsztyna
806:Jan Lackoroński z Brzezia
766:Jakub Przekora z Morawian
736:
436:Marszałek wielki litewski
351:). It was first given to
305:First Partition of Poland
241:land marshal of Lithuania
181:the first of the servants
67:
49:
1746:Aleksander Paweł Sapieha
1731:Aleksander Paweł Sapieha
1501:Fryderyk Józef Moszyński
1175:Aleksander Paweł Sapieha
801:Hynek z Balic, z Gorenic
776:Piotr Oleśnicki z Sienna
428:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
408:Marszałek wielki koronny
362:
280:(regional parliaments).
177:marszałek wielki koronny
84:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
1777:Władysław Roch Gurowski
1565:Rumbaudas Valimantaitis
1381:Jan Głowacz of Oleśnica
1251:Władysław Roch Gurowski
1226:Ferdynand Fabian Plater
1160:Teodor Aleksander Lacki
359:was recreated as well.
1828:Silesian-German people
1772:Józef Paulin Sanguszko
1696:Krzysztof Wiesiołowski
1471:Józef Karol Lubomirski
1401:Piotr Kmita of Wiśnicz
1341:Jan Kolczek of Zakrzów
1246:Józef Paulin Sanguszko
1231:Józef Scipo del Campio
1201:Józef Wandalin Mniszek
1165:Józef Bogusław Słuszka
1150:Antoni Jan Tyszkiewicz
1145:Kazimierz Leon Sapieha
1135:Krzysztof Wiesiołowski
986:Franciszek Wielopolski
951:Józef Karol Lubomirski
831:Stanislaw Lanckoronski
520:Second Polish Republic
75:
59:
42:
1762:Paweł Karol Sanguszko
1691:Jan Stanisław Sapieha
1635:Jan Mikołaj Radziwiłł
1575:Petras Mantigirdaitis
1496:Michał Jerzy Mniszech
1411:Piotr Kmita Sobieński
1256:Michał Jerzy Mniszech
1130:Jan Stanisław Sapieha
966:Stanisław Chomętowski
861:Stanisław Maciejowski
570:Marszałek województwa
270:(Polish parliament) (
185:first of the advisors
40:
30:For the surname, see
1620:Mikołaj II Radziwiłł
1560:Stanislovas Čiupurna
1491:Stanisław Lubomirski
1486:Franciszek Bieliński
1436:Mikołaj Zebrzydowski
1431:Stanisław Przyjemski
1261:Roman Ignacy Potocki
1206:Michał Kazimierz Pac
1180:Michał Kazimierz Pac
976:Franciszek Bieliński
931:Jan Klemens Branicki
911:Stanisław Przyjemski
886:Stanisław Przyjemski
811:Jan Bejzat z Mokrska
791:Jan Bejzat z Mokrska
746:Piotr z Niedźwiedzia
741:Paszek z Bogumiłowic
257:marshal of the court
225:marshal of the court
1833:Polish noble titles
1665:Stanisław Radziwiłł
1371:Zbigniew of Brzezie
1356:Przedbor of Brzezie
1346:Przedbor of Brzezie
1211:Paweł Karol Sapieha
996:Kazimierz Raczyński
991:Franciszek Rzewuski
771:Mikołaj Lackoroński
600:Marshal of the Sejm
438:– Grand Marshal of
410:– Grand Marshal of
317:Marshal of Nobility
303:In 1772, after the
153:), one of the last
32:Marszałek (surname)
1808:Marshals of Poland
1787:Ludwik Tyszkiewicz
1686:Piotr Wiesiołowski
1625:Mikalojus Kęsgaila
1580:Martynas Goštautas
1441:Zygmunt Myszkowski
1406:Stanisław Chodecki
1361:Mikołaj of Bogoria
1125:Piotr Wiesiołowski
1065:Jerzy Iwan Ilinicz
901:Andrzej Przyjemski
796:Mikołaj Zakrzowski
761:Domarat Kobylański
507:Marszałek szlachty
500:partitioned Poland
313:marszałek szlachty
221:marszałek nadworny
144:Henry II the Pious
43:
1848:Austrian nobility
1838:Prussian nobility
1823:Silesian nobility
1818:Lithuanian titles
1795:
1794:
1706:Krzysztof Zawisza
1509:
1508:
1461:John III Sobieski
1426:Andrzej Opaliński
1396:Rafał Jarosławski
1279:
1278:
1155:Krzysztof Zawisza
1009:
1008:
891:Prokop Sieniawski
881:Andrzej Zborowski
876:Andrzej Opaliński
846:Stanislaw Jarocki
836:Rafal Leszczynski
821:Paweł Jesieniecki
751:Jędrzej Brochocki
558:– Speaker of the
545:– Speaker of the
535:Marshal of Poland
509:– Marshal of the
487:– Marshal of the
485:Marszałek sejmiku
476:– Marshal of the
466:Marszałek ziemski
460:Marszałek dworski
387:Kingdom of Poland
385:– Marshal of the
349:Marshal of Poland
311:an office of the
249:marszałek dworski
189:pierwszy minister
166:Heraldic adoption
140:Battle of Legnica
16:(Redirected from
1860:
1853:Polish courtiers
1721:Jan Karol Dolski
1630:Stanisław Kiszka
1607:
1595:Jan Zabrzeziński
1536:
1529:
1522:
1513:
1512:
1451:Łukasz Opaliński
1326:
1325:
1306:
1299:
1292:
1283:
1282:
1170:Jan Karol Dolski
1112:
1080:Ostafi Wołłowicz
1036:
1029:
1022:
1013:
1012:
961:Wojciech Dambski
926:Łukasz Opaliński
906:Łukasz Opaliński
866:Stanisław Wolski
826:Piotr Kurozwęcki
731:
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621:
560:Senate of Poland
555:Marszałek senatu
531:Marszałek Polski
345:marszałek polski
337:January Uprising
284:Usage since 1772
206:marshal articles
69:
53:
21:
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1585:Bohdan Sakowicz
1570:Radvila Astikas
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1366:Dymitr of Goraj
1336:Pełka Kościelec
1327:
1321:
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1310:
1280:
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1189:
1113:
1104:
1095:Mikołaj Talwosz
1070:Jerzy Radziwiłł
1060:Michael Glinski
1048:
1040:
1010:
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916:Adam Kazanowski
871:Stanisław Barzi
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648:
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591:
542:Marszałek sejmu
537:(military rank)
473:Marszałek sejmu
462:– Court Marshal
365:
357:Marszałek sejmu
353:Józef Piłsudski
286:
273:marszałek sejmu
233:Union of Lublin
155:Silesian Piasts
136:
96:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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1856:
1855:
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1835:
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1820:
1815:
1810:
1793:
1792:
1790:
1789:
1784:
1782:Ignacy Potocki
1779:
1774:
1769:
1767:Ignacy Ogiński
1764:
1758:
1756:
1752:
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1748:
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1546:Grand Marshals
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1503:
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1483:
1481:Józef Mniszech
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1446:Mikołaj Wolski
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1391:Jan Rytwiański
1388:
1383:
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1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1313:Grand Marshals
1309:
1308:
1301:
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1286:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1273:
1271:Michał Gielgud
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1236:Ignacy Ogiński
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
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1191:
1190:
1188:
1187:
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1162:
1157:
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1119:
1115:
1114:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1075:Iwan Hornostaj
1072:
1067:
1062:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1049:
1046:Court Marshals
1039:
1038:
1031:
1024:
1016:
1007:
1006:
1004:
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998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
971:Stefan Potocki
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
896:Mikołaj Wolski
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
816:Michał Lasocki
813:
808:
803:
798:
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788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
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734:
733:
719:Court Marshals
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683:
659:
654:www.poczet.com
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376:Polish Kingdom
364:
361:
285:
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151:Jan II the Mad
135:
132:
95:
92:
88:King of Poland
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1854:
1851:
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1839:
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1826:
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1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1813:Polish titles
1811:
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1755:18th century
1679:17th century
1613:16th century
1553:15th century
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1416:Jan Mielecki
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1194:18th century
1118:17th century
1053:16th century
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675:. Retrieved
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27:Polish title
851:Piotr Kmita
574:voivodeship
76:Marescallus
1802:Categories
1543:Lithuanian
1421:Jan Firlej
1043:Lithuanian
677:2021-12-25
611:References
584:(governor)
104:marh-skalk
64:Belarusian
56:Lithuanian
48:(English:
1317:the Crown
723:the Crown
440:Lithuania
412:the Crown
369:marszałek
329:gubernyal
290:marszałek
264:marszałek
237:Lithuania
216:in 1678.
194:etiquette
100:marszałek
98:The term
46:Marszałek
18:Marszalek
589:See also
512:Szlachta
210:szlachta
159:Szlachta
68:Маршалак
60:Maršalka
582:voivode
518:In the
454:Common:
426:In the
398:In the
374:In the
321:sejmiks
278:Sejmiks
116:Silesia
112:Bohemia
94:History
51:Marshal
595:Hetman
578:sejmik
522:, the
490:Sejmik
333:powiat
298:hetman
296:) was
276:) and
198:Senate
120:Kraków
80:Polish
363:Types
229:dames
72:Latin
548:Sejm
479:Sejm
268:Sejm
214:Sejm
1315:of
721:of
498:In
183:or
106:or
1804::
670:.
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533:–
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90:.
74::
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