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Marshall Hall (physiologist)

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ourselves and our children from a yoke still more galling and fearful. As slavery is assuredly the dark spot on the United States, the absence of marriage – such marriage as is holy and indissoluble – is the dark spot on slavery. It is a national sin. It is a sin in all that are in any wise partakers in it – in the master more even than in the slave. It is not possible during such a state of things to avoid the dreadful denunciations of Holy Scripture against it. He therefore who deliberately, from whatever motive, sanctions slavery in the United States as it is, as deliberately renounces the religion of Christ ! I cannot say less, and more fearful words cannot be written.
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In all this, I admire the hand of Him who fashioneth all things after His own will ; in all this I see design, power, creation! As one mighty principle pervades, and rules throughout the wide universe, so one principle (I dare not call it less than mighty) rules in the microcosm of each animated
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In his book, he proposed as project of emancipation that African-American people continue to produce cotton, sugar and rice, but to freely help and prosper themselves. On the same religious grounds, he questioned the permission of polygamy in the US and insisted that imposing the slavery system and
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Let education, discipline, a pure and holy religion, just rewards, and just punishments, do their work. Let us free, and raise, and guide the poor negro, and God will bless us in our good work ; and let us remember that in emancipating him from his yoke, we really emancipate our country, and
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To meditate on Him who is my Saviour – to be, to live in Him – is to me the supreme good. In such a place would I accomplish my projected work, and await His coming! In our tour we have seen much of the mockery of religion... Not so is Christ. His doctrine is sure, simple, cordial, spiritual. I
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No hypothesis of difference of origin, race or species, or by whatever other name it may be named, can take from the African people that which they have nobly earned for themselves, a well-founded reputation – for gratitude, fidelity, loyalty, of all which truthful biography and history record
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innumerable instances ; – for ability in commerce, in the useful arts, in agriculture, of which living instances abound ; – for mathematics ; for music and eloquence ; and for military genius, and political ability and integrity.
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I have ceased to regard the emancipation of the negro and the abolition of slavery as a choice. I am compelled to regard them as a necessity. It remains, therefore, to devise such a plan of emancipation and abolition as shall be wise, just, and
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Hall M. On the Diseases and Derangements of the Nervous System in their Primary Forms and in their Modifications by Age, Sex, Constitution, Hereditary Predisposition, Excesses, General Disorder, and Organic Disease. London, Baillière
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On the diseases and derangements of the nervous system : in their primary forms and in their modifications by age, sex, constitution, hereditary predisposition, excesses, general disorder, and organic
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He believed that every slaveholder had a "guilt of sin against God, and of sin against his fellow-man" and insisted that there was no credible hypothesis to rationally support white supremacy, stating:
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Hall M. On the Threatenings of Apoplexy and Paralysis; Inorganic Epilepsy; Spinal Syncope; Hidden Seizures, the Resultant Mania; etc. London, Longman, Brown, Green, and Longman 1851
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at the segment of the spinal cord from which these nerves originate. He proposed in addition that those arcs are interconnected and interacting in the production of coordinated
430:. When he travelled to the United States, in his later years, he was shocked by what he saw, and was shocked at how slavery was sanctioned in the States. An admirer of 244:
Every experiment should be performed under circumstances that would provide the clearest possible results, thereby diminishing the need for repetition of experiments.
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Hall M. Observations on Blood-letting founded upon Researches on the Morbid and Curative effects of Loss of Blood. London, Sherwood, Gilbert and Piper 1836
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Justifiable experiments should be carried out with the least possible infliction of suffering (often through the use of lower, less sentient animals)
718: 820: 217:, and in 1825 he became physician to the Nottingham general hospital. In 1826 he removed to London, and in the following year he published his 800: 318:
The reflex function excited great attention on the continent of Europe, though in England some of his papers were refused publication by the
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of a throat infection, aggravated by lecturing, on 11 August 1857 and was buried in Nottingham. One of his grandsons was the musician
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Scientists should be well-informed about the work of their predecessors and peers to avoid unnecessary repetition of an experiment
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Hall M. On the reflex function of the medulla oblongata and medulla spinalis. Philosophical Transactions 1833, 123: 635–665
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believe His words, I do His will, I wait for, look for His coming. This is the Alpha and the Omega of the truth of Christ
381:. A collection of his religious thoughts on his journals and letters was collected by his widow in the biographical book 322:. Hall thus became the authority on the multiform deranged states of health referable to an abnormal condition of the 815: 810: 739: 522: 508: 840: 805: 355: 213:, a work on the affections denominated bilious, nervous, &c. The next year he was elected a fellow of the 190:; the following year he took the M.D. degree, and was immediately appointed resident house physician to the 312: 835: 127: 733: 250:
Observations on Blood-letting Founded on Researches on the Morbid and Curative Effects of Loss of Blood
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An experiment should never be performed if the necessary information could be obtained by observations
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Hall M. Lectures on the Nervous System and its Diseases. London, Sherwood, Gilbert, and Piper 1836
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On the Inverse Ratio which Subsists between Respiration and Irritability in the Animal Kingdom
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Hall also published books on neurological diseases including stroke (apoplexy) and epilepsy.
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In 1835 (Principles of Investigation in Physiology), he outlined five principles to govern
183: 8: 431: 378: 337: 336:(1856), Hall developed a technique for preventing victims of drowning by freeing their 748: 640: 609: 273: 235:
No experiment should be performed without a clearly defined and obtainable, objective
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which caused a "deprivation of education, of holy marriage, of parental rights".:
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The two-fold slavery of the United States; with a project of self-emancipation
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The two-fold slavery of the United States; with a project of self-emancipation
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Experimental Essay on the Circulation of the Blood in the Capillary Vessels
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On the Reflex Function of the Medulla Oblongata and the Medulla Spinalis
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His most important work in physiology was concerned with the theory of
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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is comprised by a chain of units that functions as an independent
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The Politics of Anxiety in Nineteenth-Century American Literature
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On the True Spinal Marrow, and the Excito-motor System of Nerves
340: 195: 130:(18 February 1790 – 11 August 1857) was an English physician, 269: 526:. Vol. 24. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 87. 458: 205:
In 1817, when he settled at Nottingham, he published his
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On the diseases and derangements of the nervous system
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Commentaries on the More Important Diseases of Females
291:(1833), which was supplemented in 1837 by another 186:. In 1811 he was elected senior president of the 782: 377:Hall was a devout Christian who believed in the 442:. He set then his opinion on slavery, stating: 154:people, and to the elucidation of function of 750:Memoirs of Marshall Hall, by his widow (1861) 629:. London : H. Baillière. Preface XV: 28 385:. There, he is quoted speaking about Christ: 260:, in which he was the first to show that the 727:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 31: 826:Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 182:, and in 1809 began to study medicine at 713: 675:Hall, Charlotte; Hall, Marshall (1861). 607:Hall, Charlotte; Hall, Marshall (1861). 252:, denouncing the widespread practice of 138:. His name is attached to the theory of 502: 457:denying marriage to black people was a 783: 677:Memoirs of Marshall Hall, by his widow 610:Memoirs of Marshall Hall, by his widow 383:Memoirs of Marshall Hall, by his widow 334:Asphyxia, its Rationale and its Remedy 264:are intermediate channels between the 821:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh 295:. In this theory, he stated that the 166:Hall was born on 18 February 1790 at 801:People from Basford, Nottinghamshire 657:. Cambridge University Press, p. 55 13: 679:. London : R. Bentley. p. 322 613:. London : R. Bentley. p. 204 372: 354:He was elected as a member to the 326:, and he gained a large practice. 272:and put the blood in contact with 16:English physician and physiologist 14: 852: 758: 740:Dictionary of National Biography 701: 523:Dictionary of National Biography 509:"Hall, Samuel (1781-1863)"  303:, and their activity integrates 682: 669: 660: 647: 632: 421: 616: 601: 576: 567: 557: 548: 539: 530: 496: 356:American Philosophical Society 1: 694: 831:Fellows of the Royal Society 161: 7: 773:The principles of diagnosis 653:Justine S. Murison (2011). 343:and by providing immediate 209:, and in 1818 he wrote the 10: 857: 347:, as the initial steps in 215:Royal Society of Edinburgh 644:. London, A. Scott. p. 42 622:: Hall, Marshall (1841). 192:Edinburgh Royal Infirmary 118: 90: 83: 75: 53: 39: 30: 23: 504:Prosser, Richard Bissell 490: 816:History of neuroscience 811:British neuroscientists 724:Encyclopædia Britannica 638:Hall, Marshall (1854). 734:"Hall, Marshall"  688:Marshall (1854), p. 90 666:Marshall (1854), p. 66 488: 473: 454: 419: 403:(1841), he evoked the 397: 287:, embodied in a paper 248:In 1836 he issued his 226:animal experimentation 841:British abolitionists 806:British physiologists 478: 463: 444: 409: 387: 188:Royal Medical Society 765:Trauma resuscitation 588:search.amphilsoc.org 584:"APS Member History" 184:Edinburgh University 432:William Wilberforce 47:Basford, Nottingham 836:English Christians 379:divinity of Christ 274:biological tissues 426:Hall was also an 146:, to a method of 122: 121: 85:Scientific career 848: 775:(New York, 1839) 771:Marshall Hall's 754: 744: 736: 728: 707: 705: 704: 689: 686: 680: 673: 667: 664: 658: 651: 645: 636: 630: 620: 614: 605: 599: 598: 596: 594: 580: 574: 571: 565: 561: 555: 552: 546: 543: 537: 534: 528: 527: 511: 500: 486: 471: 452: 440:racial prejudice 417: 399:In his treatise 395: 142:mediated by the 64: 62: 43:18 February 1790 35: 21: 20: 856: 855: 851: 850: 849: 847: 846: 845: 781: 780: 761: 747: 731: 717:, ed. (1911). 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Retrieved 587: 578: 569: 559: 550: 541: 532: 521: 498: 479: 474: 464: 455: 447:practicable. 445: 435: 428:abolitionist 425: 422:Abolitionism 412:being ! 410: 400: 398: 388: 382: 376: 360: 353: 333: 331: 328: 317: 309:motor nerves 292: 288: 282: 277: 257: 254:bloodletting 249: 247: 223: 218: 210: 206: 204: 165: 132:physiologist 124: 123: 112:Therapeutics 84: 18: 796:1857 deaths 791:1790 births 518:Lee, Sidney 434:, he wrote 361:He died at 345:ventilation 338:respiratory 301:reflex arcs 297:spinal cord 262:capillaries 176:Samuel Hall 144:spinal cord 136:neurologist 76:Nationality 785:Categories 695:References 369:. ;) 172:Nottingham 140:reflex arc 134:and early 96:Physiology 94:Medicine, 61:1857-08-12 358:in 1853. 207:Diagnosis 200:Göttingen 162:Biography 158:vessels. 156:capillary 108:Pathology 100:Angiology 593:16 April 520:(eds.). 506:(1890). 484:—  469:—  450:—  415:—  393:—  363:Brighton 313:movement 268:and the 266:arteries 69:Brighton 753:. 1861. 712::  626:disease 305:sensory 211:Mimoses 170:, near 168:Basford 152:drowned 104:Anatomy 79:English 59: ( 706:  341:airway 196:Berlin 91:Fields 512:. In 491:Notes 270:veins 595:2021 564:1841 307:and 198:and 54:Died 40:Born 721:". 459:sin 332:In 150:of 128:FRS 787:: 737:. 586:. 516:; 351:. 315:. 280:. 228:. 221:. 202:. 110:, 106:, 102:, 98:, 777:. 767:. 597:. 114:, 63:)

Index


Basford, Nottingham
Brighton
Physiology
Angiology
Anatomy
Pathology
Therapeutics
FRS
physiologist
neurologist
reflex arc
spinal cord
resuscitation
drowned
capillary
Basford
Nottingham
Samuel Hall
Newark-on-Trent
Edinburgh University
Royal Medical Society
Edinburgh Royal Infirmary
Berlin
Göttingen
Royal Society of Edinburgh
animal experimentation
bloodletting
capillaries
arteries

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