35:
273:
564:
552:
498:
was about 1,700 m/second. The minimum was 95 m/second, the maximum 6,550 m/second. The estuary is approximately 90 km long; the average tidal range in the estuary is 2 m; in the dry season, the salt reaches about 40 km upstream to the town of
44:
383:
In 1860, the question was posed from the French side, which of the two tributary rivers was the headwater, and thus the border. A joint French-Dutch commission was appointed to review the issue. The Dutch side of the commission consisted of
611:
411:
There were no problems with this decision until 1885. However, the discovery of gold in the area between the Lawa and the
Tapanahony created a new border conflict. On 29 November 1888, France and the
530:
and in the 17th century, by
Harcourt, Fisher and De Vries. In the 18th century more extensive excursions took place, by Mentell, Patris, Le Blond and Heneman and in the 19th century by Zegelaar,
537:
Of importance in the 20th century were the Gonini and
Tapanahony expeditions, and the Tumuk Humak and Southern Border Expeditions. From these arose the research of the
396:. Luits Vidal, Ronmy, Boudet and Dr. Rech composed the French side. In 1861 measurements were taken, which produced the following result: the Lawa had a
527:
514:
The Maroni is the most extensively studied of all the rivers in
Suriname. In the 16th century, there were already ships exploring the estuary, by
519:
701:
187:
132:
696:
563:
494:(110 km away from the mouth of the river) this area is 63,700 km. Between 1952 and 1973, the average discharge near
419:, acting as the arbitrator, decided that the Lawa was the headwater of the Maroni, and thus should be considered the border.
34:
422:
However, this decision created another issue as to which river is the source of the Lawa. The
Netherlands considered the
361:
There are two nature preserves located in the estuary region on the
Surinamese side of the river, near the village of
665:
638:
385:
681:
551:
476:
also has its source in the Tumuk Humak
Mountains, at approximately 2° N, 54° W; it also absorbs the
706:
427:
272:
686:
591:
Northern South
America: Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, northern Brazil, and eastern Venezuela (NT0125)
389:
351:
691:
615:
430:, located further to the west, to be the source of the Lawa. This issue has still not been resolved.
355:
416:
85:
616:"Fiche cours d'eau - maroni, le (fleuve); lawa, la (riviere); alitanie, l' (riviere) (5---0000)"
711:
366:
397:
339:
335:
404:
had a discharge of 20,291 m/minute at a width of 285 m. Thus, the Lawa River was the
8:
378:
661:
634:
523:
506:
The estimated potential hydro power for
Suriname is between 1150 and 1250 megawatts.
500:
401:
362:
347:
262:
1,700 m/s (60,000 cu ft/s) 2,586 m/s (91,300 cu ft/s)
79:
426:(Marowijnekreek in Dutch) to be the source of the Lawa; the French considered the
589:
515:
293:
473:
465:
423:
393:
306:
298:
173:
415:
reached an agreement that the conflict should be subject to arbitration. Czar
350:
of French Guiana) and
Suriname. In its upper reaches, it is also known as the
675:
531:
490:
319:
202:
189:
147:
134:
16:
River in South America, forming the border between Suriname and French Guiana
358:. The total length of Litani, Lawa and Maroni is 612 km (380 mi).
311:
412:
168:
405:
657:
323:
118:
66:
656:. Amsterdam & Brussels 1977, B.V. Uitgeversmaatschappij Argus
343:
62:
318:) is a river in South America that forms the border between
437:
originates in the Tumuk Humak Mountains at approximately
43:
488:
The Maroni basin is 68,700 km; above the island
569:Maroni River, view from French Guiana to Suriname
451:° N 55° W; along its path it is fed by
400:of 35,960 m/minute at a width of 436 m; the
673:
587:
365:. They provide protection for the birds and the
588:Schipper, Jan; Teunissen, Pieter; Lim, Burton,
354:, and close to its source it is known as the
628:
652:C.F.A. Bruijning und J. Voorhoeve (Ed.):
631:Sir Walter Ralegh's Discoverie of Guiana
534:, Coudreau, Ten Kate, Joost and others.
342:and forms the (disputed) border between
271:
240:65,830 km (25,420 sq mi)
203:5.745793169255944°N 53.96842690321619°W
674:
372:
702:International rivers of South America
629:Walter Raleigh. Joyce Lorimer (ed.).
604:
305:
292:
208:5.745793169255944; -53.96842690321619
543:Centraal Bureau voor Luchtkartering
386:J.H. Baron van Heerdt tot Eversberg
13:
610:
14:
723:
539:Geologisch Mijnbouwkundige Dienst
276:Map of the Maroni River from 1896
562:
550:
338:ecoregion. It originates in the
42:
33:
622:
581:
509:
181: • coordinates
126: • coordinates
1:
697:French Guiana–Suriname border
574:
557:Sunrise over the Maroni River
232:611.7 km (380.1 mi)
96:Physical characteristics
334:The Maroni runs through the
220: • elevation
7:
114: • location
10:
728:
483:
390:J.F.A. Cateau van Rosevelt
376:
258: • average
654:Encyclopedie van Suriname
329:
266:
256:
248:
244:
236:
228:
218:
179:
167:
163:
124:
112:
104:
100:
95:
72:
58:
53:
41:
32:
23:
660:, p. 256, 396–397;
633:. Ashgate. p. 360.
307:[ˌmaːroːˈʋɛi̯nə]
682:Rivers of French Guiana
417:Alexander III of Russia
367:leatherback sea turtles
86:Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni
302:
289:
277:
408:of the Maroni River.
340:Tumuk Humak Mountains
336:Guianan moist forests
275:
224:0 m (0 ft)
48:Course of the Maroni
707:Sipaliwini District
379:Borders of Suriname
373:Territorial dispute
199: /
144: /
687:Rivers of Suriname
369:that hatch there.
278:
524:Antonio de Berrio
270:
269:
719:
692:Rivers of France
645:
644:
626:
620:
619:
608:
602:
601:
600:
598:
585:
566:
554:
528:Adriaen Cabeliau
480:, among others.
453:Koele Koelebreek
450:
449:
445:
442:
309:
296:
294:[maʁɔni]
259:
214:
213:
211:
210:
209:
204:
200:
197:
196:
195:
192:
159:
158:
156:
155:
154:
149:
145:
142:
141:
140:
137:
127:
115:
46:
37:
21:
20:
727:
726:
722:
721:
720:
718:
717:
716:
672:
671:
649:
648:
641:
627:
623:
609:
605:
596:
594:
586:
582:
577:
570:
567:
558:
555:
516:Lawrence Keymis
512:
486:
447:
443:
440:
438:
381:
375:
332:
257:
221:
207:
205:
201:
198:
193:
190:
188:
186:
185:
182:
152:
150:
146:
143:
138:
135:
133:
131:
130:
125:
113:
91:
49:
28:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
725:
715:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
670:
669:
647:
646:
639:
621:
603:
579:
578:
576:
573:
572:
571:
568:
561:
559:
556:
549:
541:(GMD) and the
511:
508:
485:
482:
466:Oelemari River
394:August Kappler
377:Main article:
374:
371:
331:
328:
268:
267:
264:
263:
260:
254:
253:
250:
246:
245:
242:
241:
238:
234:
233:
230:
226:
225:
222:
219:
216:
215:
183:
180:
177:
176:
174:Atlantic Ocean
171:
165:
164:
161:
160:
128:
122:
121:
116:
110:
109:
106:
102:
101:
98:
97:
93:
92:
90:
89:
83:
76:
74:
70:
69:
60:
56:
55:
51:
50:
47:
39:
38:
30:
29:
26:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
724:
713:
712:Border rivers
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
679:
677:
667:
666:90-10-01842-3
663:
659:
655:
651:
650:
642:
640:0-904180-87-5
636:
632:
625:
617:
613:
607:
593:
592:
584:
580:
565:
560:
553:
548:
547:
546:
544:
540:
535:
533:
532:Jules Crevaux
529:
525:
521:
520:Thomas Masham
517:
507:
504:
502:
497:
496:Langatabbetje
493:
492:
491:Langatabbetje
481:
479:
475:
470:
468:
467:
462:
458:
454:
436:
431:
429:
425:
420:
418:
414:
409:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
380:
370:
368:
364:
359:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
327:
325:
321:
320:French Guiana
317:
313:
308:
304:
300:
295:
291:
287:
283:
274:
265:
261:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
217:
212:
184:
178:
175:
172:
170:
166:
162:
157:
129:
123:
120:
117:
111:
107:
103:
99:
94:
87:
84:
81:
78:
77:
75:
71:
68:
64:
61:
57:
52:
45:
40:
36:
31:
22:
19:
653:
630:
624:
606:
595:, retrieved
590:
583:
542:
538:
536:
513:
505:
495:
489:
487:
477:
471:
464:
461:Mapaonikreek
460:
456:
452:
434:
432:
421:
410:
382:
360:
333:
316:Marwina-Liba
315:
312:Sranan Tongo
285:
281:
279:
24:Maroni River
18:
510:Exploration
413:Netherlands
206: /
151: /
676:Categories
575:References
478:Koelebreek
402:Tapanahony
237:Basin size
194:53°58′06″W
82:(Suriname)
406:headwater
398:discharge
303:Marowijne
288:(French:
286:Marowijne
249:Discharge
191:5°44′45″N
59:Countries
27:Marowijne
658:Elsevier
463:and the
457:Lokereek
324:Suriname
148:2°N 54°W
119:Suriname
88:(France)
67:Suriname
54:Location
597:3 April
545:(CBL).
484:Numbers
446:⁄
664:
637:
612:Sandre
501:Albina
474:Malani
459:, the
455:, the
435:Litani
428:Litani
424:Malani
363:Galibi
356:Litani
348:region
344:France
330:Course
290:Maroni
282:Maroni
252:
229:Length
153:2; -54
108:
105:Source
80:Albina
73:Cities
63:France
299:Dutch
169:Mouth
662:ISBN
635:ISBN
599:2017
526:and
472:The
433:The
392:and
352:Lawa
322:and
280:The
139:54°W
65:and
284:or
136:2°N
678::
614:.
522:,
518:,
503:.
469:.
388:,
326:.
314::
310:;
301::
297:;
668:.
643:.
618:.
448:2
444:1
441:+
439:2
346:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
._Parc_Amazonien_de_la_Guyane._Fleuve_Maroni._1_(13).jpg)
.jpg)