570:, but a truce was negotiated between all parties on 26 July 1254, which included an agreement to submit the dispute to Louis IX for adjudication. Guy of Dampierre was ransomed in 1256 and Louis IX confirmed his 1246 decision regarding the Hainaut-Flanders split between the Avesnes and Dampierre children, while Charles of Anjou renounced to all his claims over Hainaut. The death of John of Avesnes in 1257 put a temporary halt over the already costly internecine quarrel.
663:
540:
of fairness of the monarch, it had a political effect clearly advantageous for the interests of France, to dislocate the county, and served to avoid war. However, in 1248 John of
Avesnes took advantage of the departure of Louis IX and William of Dampierre for the Crusades, to initiate war against his mother, taking Hainaut and Alost with other surrounding Flemish lands.
455:
that would make his union legitimate, Joan took advantage of this to convince
Margaret (who after Bouchard's capture came to live at her court, leaving her two sons in France under custody) to contract a new wedding. Finally, Margaret gave in to her sister's pressures, and between 18 August and 15 November 1223, she married
638:, in addition to improvements in the water gates. During 1270-1275 she became involved in a trade war with England, probably the first time that the economy was openly used as a weapon in a conflict between states with unfavorable outcome. Margaret demanded from England payments for her support during the revolt of
559:. William II was theoretically, as King, overlord of these territories, and also John's brother-in-law. A civil war followed, which ended when the Avesnes forces defeated and imprisoned Guy of Dampierre (who had succeeded his brother as co-ruler of Flanders) at Westkappel, on the island of Walcheren, in July 1253.
618:
Like her sister, Margaret conducted an economic policy designed to encourage international commerce. She removed restrictions on foreigner traders, despite pressures from local traders, who wanted to maintain monopolies. She also issued a new coinage. The huge debts that she contracted due to the War
550:
The unexpected death of
William of Dampierre (6 June 1251) –who reportedly died from injuries received during a tournament, although his mother suspected that the allies of Avesnes were responsible– caused the renewal of the hostilities when John of Avesnes, who was uneasy about his rights, convinced
527:
At the death of her sister Joan in 1244, Margaret succeeded her as
Countess of Flanders and Hainaut. Almost immediately, her sons from both marriages began the fight for the inheritance of the Counties, with the question of the validity of her first marriage to Bouchard of Avesnes was then raised, as
539:
In 1246 Louis IX, acting as an arbitrator, gave the right to inherit
Flanders to the Dampierre children, and the rights to Hainaut to the Avesnes children. This would seem to have settled the matter, but neither party accepted the solomonic decision of the French King, while responding to the spirit
593:
was still under-age, Margaret managed to recover the government of
Hainaut, while in Flanders she remained co-ruler with her son Guy of Dampierre until 29 December 1278, when she abdicated in his favor. She administered Hainaut as solely ruling countess until May 1279, when she appointed John II as
653:
seized those of
Flemish merchants in England and also stopped the exports of wool to Flanders. Townspeople who depended on the textile trade pressured the Countess and her son Guy to enter into negotiations with the English; henceforth the Flemish no longer dominated the transport of goods between
454:
In 1219, in a battle against Joan, Bouchard of
Avesnes was captured and imprisoned for two years, until 1221, when he was released on the condition that he separate from his wife and made a trip to Rome to get the absolution from the Pope. While he was in Rome to obtain forgiveness and the orders
29:
398:(27 July 1214), Bouchard of Avesnes claimed to Joan in the name of his wife her share of their inheritance, which led Joan to attempt to get Margaret's marriage dissolved; in addition, the French King began to see Bouchard with suspicion because he fought in the Flemish army.
390:
In the presence of a significant number of bourgeois of
Hainaut, she declared she did not want another husband than Bouchard, and before 23 July 1212 they were married. Margaret was then twelve years old, while her new husband was twenty-eight.
581:". He related that after the capture of Guy and John of Dampierre at Westkappel, John of Avesnes sought to use them as hostages to force his mother to negotiate peace; supposedly, the harsh response of the Countess was:
1492:
379:
nobleman, who was knighted by
Baldwin IX before he parted to the Crusades. In the middle of the war against France for the possession of the Artois and the forced territorial concession made by the
528:
if it was indeed illegitimate the inheritance of Flanders and Hainaut was passed only to the children from her second marriage, already favored by Margaret in 1245 when she paid homage to King
511:
as well. The disputes regarding the validity of the two marriages and the legitimacy of Margaret's children by each husband continued for decades, becoming entangled in the politics of the
332:
After her mother died in 1204, and her father the next year, the now-orphaned Margaret and her sister remained under Philip of Namur's guardianship until he gave their wardship to King
387:, heir of the Earldom of Salisbury, in order to reinforce the bonds of Flanders with England; however Bouchard of Avesnes, with the consent of the King of France, prevented the union.
543:
Margaret, thinking that the inheritance disputes were finally over after her son William of Dampierre paid homage for Flanders as her co-ruler to both Louis IX (in October 1246) and
547:(in 1248), made the political mistake of obtaining from the Pope, in 1251, the legitimation of both John and Baldwin of Avesnes; this gave them rights of birth over the Counties.
597:
Margaret's death ended the personal union between Flanders and Hainaut, which had lasted for nearly a century. The two counties were reunited again only in 1432 when
532:: at that point, she tried to obtain from the French King the recognition of William of Dampierre, the eldest son of her second marriage, as sole heir, arguing that
1818:
678:
in Bruges. She also had an interest in architecture and patronized writers and poets. In 1260 she founded the Abbey of Saint Elizabeth du Quesnoy, now destroyed.
1813:
1788:
359:
to marry Joan, while his brother Thomas would marry Margaret. However, the Flemish nobility was hostile to the project, which was finally dropped.
496:
John of Dampierre (c. 1228 – 1258), Lord of Dampierre-sur-l'Aube, Sompuis and Saint-Dizier, Viscount of Troyes and Constable of Champagne.
417:, the Pope annulled the marriage on this ground; however, Margaret and Bouchard refused to submit and they took refuge at the Castle of
555:, the German King recognized by the pro-papal forces, to seize Hainaut and the parts of Flanders which were within the bounds of the
1505:
1803:
639:
594:
her co-ruler in Hainaut. She died nine months later, in February 1280. John II of Avesnes succeeded her as sole Count of Hainaut.
1823:
1112:
1793:
1639:
649:
In retaliation, Margaret seized the possessions of English merchants in Flanders. Henry III and later his son and successor
1594:
619:
of Succession, however, forced Margaret to make concessions to the main Flemish cities, which became autonomous entities.
300:(la Noire) due to her scandalous life, the children of both her marriages disputed the inheritance of her counties in the
666:
The personal psalter of Margaretha II of Flanders; illuminated by the Dampierre Masters, Flanders/Artois, ca. 1250-1280 (
585:
Sacrifice them, truculent meat eater, and devour one of them cooked with pepper sauce and the other roasted with garlic.
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598:
1828:
516:
467:
414:
352:
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209:
1808:
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724:
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368:
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declared her first marriage invalid on 31 March 1237 and thus her sons from this union were illegitimate.
1768:
750:
566:(brother of Louis IX) in order to obtain his military intervention against William II. Charles besieged
1778:
1773:
1677:
1563:
Creating Cistercian Nuns: The Women's Religious Movement and Its Reform in Thirteenth Century Champagne
326:
322:
92:
57:
380:
1740:
590:
484:
102:
1723:
1713:
1570:
Welkenhuysen, A. (1975). Lourdaux, W.; Verhelst, D.; Welkenhuysen, A.; Van den Auweele, D. (eds.).
1225:. Vol. 88, No. 4, Secular Women in the Documents for Late Medieval Religious Women (2008), 538-539.
966:
808:
436:
250:
199:
646:
claimed that because he recruited mercenary soldiers, he did not see any reason to make payments.
456:
345:
168:
384:
321:
before she was born, and her mother left two years later, leaving Margaret and her older sister
490:
372:
214:
142:
67:
667:
552:
1763:
1758:
1144:
1024:
992:
674:
Like her sister, Margaret supported and founded religious houses. In 1245, she founded the
643:
460:
1268:
Jeanne et Marguerite de Constantinople, comtesses de Flandre et de Hainaut au XIIIe siècle
8:
1508:
Recueil d a̕ctes des XIIe et XIIIe siècles en langue romane wallonne du Nord de la France
1086:
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39:
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280:
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533:
1219:
Female Founders: Exercising authority in Thirteenth-century Flanders and Hainaut
782:
356:
318:
499:
Marie of Dampierre (c. 1230 – 21 December 1302), Abbess of Flines, near Douai.
1752:
1407:
The Formation of the German College of Electors in the mid-Thirteenth Century
574:
508:
503:
This situation caused something of a scandal, for the marriage was possibly
686:
567:
1449:, ed. Theodore Evergates (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, 1999).
675:
689:
after her marital separation, Margaret founded convents of this order in
406:
336:. During her time in Paris, she and her sister became familiar with the
418:
337:
284:
1527:
Growing Old in the Middle Ages: 'Winter Clothes us in Shadow and Pain'
483:– 1245/1246), married in 1239 to Hugh III of Rethel, then in 1243 to
410:
1479:
Illuminating the Border of French and Flemish Manuscripts, 1270–1310
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into an international port, granting privileges to the merchants of
1634:
Women's Biography: Margaret of Constantinople, Countess of Flanders
650:
504:
422:
1554:
Scotland, England and France after the loss of Normandy, 1204-1296
662:
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that before his wedding, Bouchard of Avesnes had already received
631:
235:
283:
during 1244–1253 and 1257–1280. She was the younger daughter of
627:
623:
28:
1369:, vol. II 2489, Teulet, M. A. (ed.) Paris, 1863-1866, p. 335.
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690:
130:
1334:
1332:
1272:
Jeanne de Constantinople, comtesse de Flandre et de Hainaut
1195:
1329:
579:...a new Medea guilty of the death of many honest knights
1493:"Ms. 820 in the catalog of the Public Library of Bruges"
1284:
1282:
1280:
413:, so technically his union was illegal. In 1215, at the
1533:
433:
Baldwin of Avesnes (1217 – 1219), who died in infancy.
1355:
The Aristocracy in the County of Champagne, 1100-1300
1317:
1277:
429:. In the following four years, they had three sons:
522:
383:, Joan and Ferdinand wanted to marry Margaret with
601:, the Avesnes heiress, surrendered her domains to
394:After the capture of Ferdinand of Portugal at the
751:Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut & VII of Flanders
1750:
1542:
1819:13th-century people from the county of Flanders
1349:
1347:
1814:13th-century women from the county of Flanders
1247:
670:, Ms. 820 Collection of the Flemish Community)
302:War of the Succession of Flanders and Hainault
1789:People excommunicated by the Catholic Church
1569:
1344:
1201:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1600:, Barcelona, Imprenta del Imparcial, 1884.
1524:
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1377:
1375:
1310:
1308:
1306:
562:Margaret offered the County of Hainaut to
507:, and violated the church's strictures on
275:(1202 – 10 February 1280), ruled as
27:
1580:Histoire des provinces françaises du nord
1401:
1399:
1389:
1387:
1255:Philip Augustus: King of France 1180-1223
1257:, (Taylor & Francis, 1998), 324-325.
1207:
661:
371:, Margaret was placed under the care of
1607:(in Spanish), Madrid, Ed. Nerea, 1988,
1593:Van Hasselt, André and Van Hasselt, M.
1574:. Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Press.
1551:
1372:
1323:
1303:
1288:
589:Because the Avesnes heir, her grandson
183: 1223; died 1231)
1751:
1560:
1534:Wheeler, B. & Parsons, J. (2002).
1396:
1384:
1338:
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1447:Aristocratic Women in Medieval France
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287:, Count of Flanders and Hainaut, and
1223:Church History and Religious Culture
1572:Aspects of the Medieval Animal Epic
1547:. Longman Group UK Limited, London.
1536:Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord and Lady
355:offered the King the sum of 50,000
340:Order, probably under influence of
325:in the guardianship of their uncle
13:
1649:Margaret II, Countess of Flanders
1430:
449:
14:
1840:
1626:
1506:Eugène François Joseph Tailliar:
929:Margaret II, Countess of Flanders
622:Her policies also helped to turn
608:
375:, Lord of Etroen and a prominent
367:After her sister's marriage with
362:
1640:Coat of Arms in the Walford Roll
1443:Countesses as Rulers in Flanders
1242:Biographie Nationale de Belgique
871:Margaret I, Countess of Flanders
523:Countess of Flanders and Hainaut
445:(September 1219 – 10 April 1295)
158:
16:Countess of Flanders (1202–1280)
1804:13th-century countesses regnant
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1470:
1461:
1452:
1421:
1412:
1360:
439:(1 May 1218 – 24 December 1257)
180:
154:
1477:Moore Hunt, Elizabeth (2008).
1367:Layettes du Trésor des Chartes
1294:
1260:
1228:
1:
1824:13th-century counts in Europe
1596:Historia de BĂ©ljica y Holanda
517:War of the Flemish Succession
477:
468:William II, Count of Flanders
415:Fourth Council of the Lateran
369:Infante Ferdinand of Portugal
210:William II, Count of Flanders
1794:13th-century French nobility
845:Theodoric, Count of Flanders
725:Baldwin IV, Count of Hainaut
603:Philip III, Duke of Burgundy
427:Waleran, Count of Luxembourg
312:
7:
1582:, Westhoek-Editions, 1989,
1565:. Cornell University Press.
1300:Nicholas 1992, pp. 156-157.
1270:in: Nicolas Dessaux (ed.):
700:
657:
654:the continent and England.
10:
1845:
1518:
1427:Wade Labarge, pp. 111-112.
1274:, Somogy, 2009, pp. 15-30.
1060:
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515:and resulting in the long
463:. They had five children:
273:Margaret of Constantinople
1799:13th-century French women
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1728:
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1710:
1701:
1691:
1682:
1674:
1647:
1622:, Villeneuve d'Asq, 2000.
1605:La mujer en la Edad Media
1543:Nicholas, David. (1992).
1418:Kerrebrouck 2000, p. 246.
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493:(c. 1226 – 7 March 1305).
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1784:French suo jure nobility
1603:Wade Labarge, Margaret.
1561:Lester, Anne E. (2011).
1510:- A. d'AĚ•ubers ed., 1849
1189:
967:Theobald II of Champagne
809:Baldwin I, Latin Emperor
425:under the protection of
251:Baldwin I, Latin Emperor
200:John I, Count of Hainaut
1244:, vol. I in Wikisource.
681:Closely related to the
457:William II of Dampierre
381:Treaty of Pont-Ă -Vendin
353:Enguerrand III of Coucy
346:Queen consort of France
317:Her father left on the
307:
169:William II of Dampierre
1620:Les Capétiens 987-1328
1552:Pollock, M.A. (2015).
1409:, Toronto 1949, p. 39.
1314:Nicholas 1992, p. 157.
671:
605:, the Dampierre heir.
587:
491:Guy, Count of Flanders
215:Guy, Count of Flanders
1829:Daughters of emperors
1618:Kerrebrouck, P. Van.
1538:. Palgrave Macmillan.
1467:Wade Labarge, p. 112.
1235:Kevyn de Lettenhove:
668:Bruges Public Library
665:
599:Jacqueline of Bavaria
583:
553:William II of Holland
470:(1224 – 6 June 1251).
279:during 1244–1278 and
1685:Countess of Flanders
1556:. The Boydell Press.
1353:Theodore Evergates,
1145:Eleanor of Aquitaine
1025:Matilda of Carinthia
993:Henry I of Champagne
545:Emperor Frederick II
385:William II Longespée
277:Countess of Flanders
157: 1212;
40:Countess of Flanders
1809:Nobility from Ghent
1731:Countess of Hainaut
1704:Countess of Hainaut
1525:Shahar, S. (1997).
1381:Van Hasselt, p. 33.
1237:AVESNES, Bouchard D
1087:Louis VII of France
685:during her stay in
401:Philip II informed
373:Bouchard of Avesnes
334:Philip II of France
281:Countess of Hainaut
143:Bouchard of Avesnes
75:Countess of Hainaut
1769:Counts of Flanders
1341:, p. 156-157.
1221:, Erin L. Jordan,
1051:Marie of Champagne
672:
530:Louis IX of France
459:, a nobleman from
443:Baldwin of Avesnes
396:Battle of Bouvines
342:Blanche of Castile
289:Marie of Champagne
261:Marie of Champagne
227:Marie of Dampierre
205:Baldwin of Avesnes
1779:French countesses
1774:Counts of Hainaut
1747:
1746:
1738:Succeeded by
1711:Succeeded by
1692:Succeeded by
1654:House of Flanders
1545:Medieval Flanders
1202:Welkenhuysen 1975
1186:
1185:
640:Simon de Montfort
577:called Margaret "
557:Holy Roman Empire
513:Holy Roman Empire
474:Joan of Dampierre
403:Pope Innocent III
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223:Joan of Dampierre
219:John of Dampierre
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783:Alice of Namur
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609:Political role
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524:
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363:First marriage
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319:Fourth Crusade
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575:Matthew Paris
571:
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541:
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531:
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518:
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509:consanguinity
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344:, the future
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1598:(in Spanish)
1595:
1579:
1571:
1562:
1553:
1544:
1535:
1529:. Routledge.
1526:
1507:
1501:
1487:
1478:
1472:
1463:
1454:
1446:
1442:
1423:
1414:
1406:
1366:
1362:
1354:
1324:Pollock 2015
1319:
1296:
1289:Pollock 2015
1271:
1267:
1262:
1254:
1249:
1236:
1230:
1222:
1218:
1197:
928:
687:Valenciennes
680:
673:
648:
621:
617:
596:
588:
584:
578:
572:
568:Valenciennes
561:
549:
542:
538:
526:
502:
453:
400:
393:
389:
366:
350:
331:
316:
296:
295:
293:
272:
268:
267:
126:(1280-02-10)
1764:1280 deaths
1759:1202 births
1662:2 June 1202
1339:Lester 2011
481: 1225
407:holy orders
89:Predecessor
54:Predecessor
22:Margaret II
1753:Categories
1735:1257–1280
1708:1244–1253
1689:1244–1278
419:Houffalize
411:sub-deacon
338:Cistercian
285:Baldwin IX
676:BĂ©guinage
644:Henry III
461:Champagne
313:Childhood
297:the Black
99:Successor
84:1244–1280
64:Successor
49:1244–1278
701:Ancestry
658:Religion
651:Edward I
505:bigamous
423:Ardennes
351:In 1211
269:Margaret
1741:John II
1519:Sources
642:. King
636:Castile
632:Gascony
614:Economy
591:John II
421:in the
377:Hainaut
294:Called
185:
177:
173:
163:
151:
147:
137:Spouses
103:John II
1724:John I
1714:John I
1665:
1611:
1586:
1357:, 181.
628:Poitou
624:Bruges
357:livres
257:Mother
247:Father
1667:Died:
1660:Born:
1190:Notes
695:Douai
691:Ypres
236:House
192:Issue
179:(
175:
153:(
149:
131:Ghent
81:Reign
46:Reign
1678:Joan
1609:ISBN
1584:ISBN
1445:in:
1143:15.
1085:14.
1023:13.
965:12.
901:11.
843:10.
693:and
634:and
323:Joan
308:Life
159:ann.
121:Died
116:1202
113:Born
93:Joan
58:Joan
1695:Guy
1111:7.
1049:3.
991:6.
927:1.
869:5.
807:2.
781:9.
749:4.
723:8.
409:as
68:Guy
1755::
1432:^
1398:^
1386:^
1374:^
1346:^
1331:^
1305:^
1279:^
1240:,
1209:^
697:.
630:,
519:.
478:c.
348:.
329:.
304:.
291:.
181:m.
155:m.
1615:.
1590:.
1512:.
1495:.
1481:.
487:.
476:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
