647:
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to obtain the promised funds from the
Byzantines, the Crusaders conquered the most powerfully protected city in the world. Stunned at their own success and unsure of what to do next, the leaders adopted a similar track as their forefathers had during the First Crusade. They elected one of their own, Count Baldwin of Flanders as emperor (of what modern historians refer to as the Latin Empire) and divided imperial lands into feudal counties.
1823:
874:
34:
598:. This Marie began sufficiently young to devote herself to divine obedience in prayers, vigils, fasts and alms. Her husband Baldwin, a young knight, by chaste living, scorning all other women, began to love her alone with a fervent love, which is rarely found in any man, so that he devoted himself to his sole wife only and was content with her alone. The solemn rejoicing of the wedding was celebrated at
749:
783:. While Boniface was considered the most probable choice, due to his connections with the Byzantine court, Baldwin was young, gallant, pious, and virtuous, one of the few who interpreted and observed his crusading vows strictly, and the most popular leader in the host. With Venetian support he was elected on 9 May 1204, and crowned on 16 May in the
147:
723:
Baldwin left behind his two-year-old daughter and his pregnant wife, Countess Marie. Marie was regent for
Baldwin for the two years she remained in Flanders and Hainaut, but by early 1204, she had left both her children behind to join him in the East. They expected to return in a couple of years, but
739:
in large part due to the exiled
Byzantine prince Alexios (future Emperor Alexios IV Angelos) who promised them supplies and money in return for their help in ousting his uncle Emperor Alexios III Angelos, and freeing his father Isaac II Angelus. In April 1204, after numerous negotiations attempting
921:
For some time
Baldwin's fate was uncertain, and in the meanwhile Henry, his brother, assumed the regency. Not until the middle of July the following year was it ascertained that he was dead. The circumstances of Baldwin's death are not exactly known. It seems that he was at first treated well as a
802:
principles; the emperor was feudal superior of the princes who received portions of the conquered territory: in
October 1204 he enfeoffed 600 knights who occupied lands formerly held by Greek nobles. His own special portion consisted of the city of Constantinople, the adjacent regions both on the
978:
Twenty years later, in 1225, a man appeared in
Flanders claiming to be the presumed dead Baldwin. His claim soon became entangled in a series of rebellions and revolts in Flanders against the rule of Baldwin's daughter Jeanne. A number of people who had known Baldwin before the
570:
by
Baldwin V of Hainaut, although the two had been on seemingly uncordial terms since the 1186 treaty. Baldwin V thereupon ruled as Baldwin VIII of Flanders by right of marriage. When Countess Margaret I died in 1194, Flanders descended to her eldest son, Baldwin IX.
674:
took
Baldwin's brother, Philippe of Namur, prisoner, Baldwin was forced to agree to a truce to ensure his safety. The Treaty of Péronne was signed in January 1200 on the condition that Baldwin receive the territories he had won during the war. Baldwin was made the
633:
and the counts of
Flanders had tried to help Jerusalem relatives in their struggle. Baldwin wanted to continue the tradition. Margaret died in 1194, and the younger Baldwin became Count of Flanders. His father died the next year, and he succeeded to
720:. One detailed an extensive criminal code, and appears to be based on a now-lost charter of his father. The other laid down specific rules for inheritance. These are an important part of the legal tradition in Belgium.
498:
left on the last of his personal crusades in 1177, he designated
Baldwin, his brother-in-law, as his heir. When Philip returned in 1179 after an unsuccessful siege of Harim during a joint campaign on behalf of the
967:
Back in Flanders, however, there seemed to be doubt whether Baldwin was truly dead. In any case, Baldwin's other brother Philip of Namur remained as regent, and eventually both of Baldwin's daughters,
1679:
562:, Count Philip signed a peace treaty with Philip Augustus and Count Baldwin V on 10 March 1186, recognizing the cession of Vermandois to the king, although he was allowed to retain the title
558:. Philip gave Matilda a dower of a number of major Flemish towns, in an apparent slight to Baldwin V. Fearing that he would be surrounded by the royal domain of France and the
1672:
835:. In this enterprise in the summer of 1204, Baldwin came into collision with Boniface of Montferrat, the rival candidate for the empire, who received a large territory in
594:
Immediately after this arrangement, the count of Hainaut's son Baldwin, thirteen years old, received as wife Marie, the count of Champagne's sister, twelve years old, at
629:
Baldwin's own family had also been involved in the defence of Jerusalem: his uncle Philip had died on Crusade. Baldwin's maternal grandmother was great-aunt of Queen
926:, which passed into the hands of the Franks. According to a Bulgarian legend, Baldwin had caused his own downfall by trying to seduce Kaloyan's wife. The historian
1906:
1901:
909:, marched to besiege that city. The Frankish knights were defeated (14 April 1205); the count of Blois was slain, and the emperor captured by the Bulgarians (see
1665:
1856:
666:, and another significant piece to his own wife. Isabelle had died in 1190, but King Philip still retained her dowry, on behalf of Isabelle's son, the future
901:, whose overtures of alliance had been rejected by the emperor. The garrison of Adrianople was expelled. Baldwin along with Dandolo, the count of Blois, and
787:
at a ceremony which closely followed Byzantine practices. During his coronation, Baldwin wore a very rich jewel that had been bought by Byzantine Emperor
1886:
1495:
Wolff, Robert Lee (July 1952), "Baldwin of Flanders and Hainaut, First Latin Emperor of Constantinople: His Life, Death, and Resurrection, 1172–1225",
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for the remainder of his life. Philip died without further issue of disease on the Third Crusade at the siege of Acre in 1191, he was succeeded in
846:
Boniface hoped to make himself quite independent of the empire, to do no homage for his kingdom, and he opposed Baldwin's proposal to march to
735:
Meanwhile, desperate for funds to support themselves and pay for their expenses, the leaders of the Fourth Crusade were persuaded to divert to
98:
858:, where Baldwin had established a governor; civil war seemed inevitable. An agreement was effected by the efforts of Dandolo and Count
70:
1866:
51:
1891:
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in the 1190s (leaving a widow and two daughters who needed help to keep and regain their territories in Palestine). Marie's uncles
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and other Flemish territories as dowry, much to the dismay of Baldwin V. In 1180, war broke out between King Philip and his mentor
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valuable hostage, but was executed by the Bulgarian monarch in a sudden outburst of rage, perhaps in consequence of the revolt of
77:
1177:
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84:
1308:
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20:
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rejected his claim, but he nonetheless attracted many followers from the ranks of the peasantry. Eventually unmasked as a
960:
It was not until July 1206 that the Latins in Constantinople had reliable information that Baldwin was dead. His brother
427:
66:
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1485:
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1348:
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695:
347:
117:
827:. The territories still had to be conquered; first of all it was necessary to break the resistance of the Greeks in
1340:
670:. The eight years of Baldwin's rule in Flanders were dominated by his attempts to recover some of this land. After
382:
218:
590:
describes Baldwin as being infatuated with his young bride, who nevertheless preferred prayer to the marital bed.
606:
Through Marie, Baldwin had additional connections and obligations to the defenders of the Holy Land: her brother
154:
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in the end neither would see their children or their homeland again. In their absence Baldwin's younger brother
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In this fight against the French king, Baldwin allied with others who had quarrels with Philip, including kings
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was regent in Flanders, with custody of the daughters. Baldwin's uncle William of Thy (an illegitimate son of
795:. There she learned of her husband's election as emperor, but died in August 1204 before she could join him.
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Harris, Jonathan, 'Collusion with the infidel as a pretext for military action against Byzantium', in
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from the emperor, and was appointed commander of the forces which were to march to the conquest of
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As part of his effort to leave his domains in good order, Baldwin issued two notable charters for
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Moore, John C. (January 1962), "Baldwin IX of Flanders, Philip Augustus and the Papal Power",
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779:, who refused it. The choice then lay between Baldwin and the nominal leader of the crusade,
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Romancing the Past: The Rise of Vernacular Prose Historiography in Thirteenth-century France
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aggravated the quarrel. Baldwin insisted on going to Thessalonica; Boniface laid siege to
8:
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The Papacy and the Levant (1204–1571), Volume I: The Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries
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for 62,000 silver marks. Baldwin's wife Marie, unaware of these events, had sailed to
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239:
1418:"The Medieval Russian Account of the Fourth Crusade – A New Annotated Translation"
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During the following winter (1204–1205) the Franks prosecuted conquests in
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713:. He spent the next two years preparing, finally leaving on 14 April 1202.
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511:. One year later, Philip of Flanders had his protégé married to his niece,
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450:) from 1195 to 1205. Baldwin was one of the most prominent leaders of the
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182:
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The Latin Renovatio of Byzantium: The Empire of Constantinople (1204–1228)
531:; King Philip refused to give open battle and gained the upper hand, and
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side, along with some outlying districts, and several islands including
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889:, Baldwin's brother, took part. But in February the Greeks revolted in
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serf named Bertrand of Ray, the false Baldwin was executed in 1226.
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with an abundance of knights and ladies and men of whatever status.
33:
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The Rise of the Medieval World, 500-1300: A Biographical Dictionary
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A history of the Crusades, Volume II: the later Crusades 1189–1311
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Kenneth M. Setton, Robert Lee Wolff and Harry W. Hazard eds.,
709:, Baldwin took the cross, meaning he committed to embark on a
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820:
945:, reporting that Baldwin had died in prison. A tower of the
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AR maille or 'petit denier' struck in Ypres under Baldwin IX
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The Hutchinson Dictionary of Ancient & Medieval Warfare
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792:
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19:"Baldwin of Flanders" redirects here. For other uses, see
662:, given by Philip of Alsace as dowry to Baldwin's sister
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died in 1183, and Philip Augustus seized the province of
1357:
1074:
957:; supposedly, it was the tower where he was interned.
1276:
1480:. Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society.
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58:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1391:, London and New York: Bloomsbury, 2nd ed., 2014.
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1403:Clash of Cultures: the Languages of Love and Hate
1061:Baldwin was in fact 14 years old when he married
1838:
1175:
679:of Philip II, and the king returned portions of
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481:
16:Latin Emperor of Constantinople (1172 – c. 1205)
1907:13th-century people from the county of Flanders
1902:12th-century people from the county of Flanders
1213:(London and Madison, second edition 1969), 159.
1141:
1857:13th-century Latin emperors of Constantinople
1673:
949:fortress of the medieval Bulgarian capital,
503:, he was designated as the chief adviser of
466:. The following year he was defeated at the
458:in 1204, the conquest of large parts of the
1505:(3), Medieval Academy of America: 281–322,
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771:The imperial crown was at first offered to
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1182:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 49.
1107:. University of California Press. p.
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654:Baldwin took possession of a much-reduced
535:, at first allied with his brother-in-law
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1887:Prisoners who died in Bulgarian detention
1442:(1), Medieval Academy of America: 79–89,
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574:In 1186, the younger Baldwin had married
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118:Learn how and when to remove this message
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862:. Boniface received Thessalonica as a
850:. The antagonism between Flemings and
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1333:Aristocratic Women in Medieval France
1301:The Fourth Crusade: Event and Context
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1148:. Taylor & Francis. p. 32.
930:reports that the Tsar had Baldwin's
56:adding citations to reliable sources
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21:Baldwin of Flanders (disambiguation)
1752:as guardian and senior co-emperor)
1261:The Franks in the Aegean: 1204–1500
1075:Gislebert of Mons & Napran 2005
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938:almost four hundred years before.
798:The Latin Empire was organized on
705:(23 February) 1200 in the town of
523:, resulting in the devastation of
139:Emperor and Autocrat of the Romans
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1918:
1361:; Napran, Laura (trans.) (2005),
550:on behalf of Elisabeth's sister,
348:Margaret II, Countess of Flanders
1867:Christians of the Fourth Crusade
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1341:University of Pennsylvania Press
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383:Margaret I, Countess of Flanders
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1892:13th-century monarchs in Europe
1590:Latin Emperor of Constantinople
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964:was crowned emperor in August.
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43:needs additional citations for
1693:Latin Empire of Constantinople
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932:skull made into a drinking cup
318:(now Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria)
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1316:The Pursuit of the Millennium
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1099:Gabrielle M. Spiegel (1993).
642:Count of Flanders and Hainaut
486:Baldwin was the son of Count
482:Early life and family history
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1897:13th-century peers of France
1331:Evergates, Theodore (1999),
554:. Philip then remarried, to
462:, and the foundation of the
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507:by his sickly father, King
494:. When the childless Count
428:Emperor of the Latin Empire
373:Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut
10:
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1389:Byzantium and the Crusades
934:, just as had happened to
877:Seal of Baldwin as emperor
732:) was regent for Hainaut.
343:Joan, Countess of Flanders
67:"Baldwin I, Latin Emperor"
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1324:Oxford University Press
1130:Treaty of Péronne 1200.
631:Isabella I of Jerusalem
501:Principality of Antioch
1828:Catholicism portal
941:Tsar Kaloyan wrote to
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492:Margaret I of Flanders
456:sack of Constantinople
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1428:, Leiden: Brill, 2011
1314:Cohn, Norman (1970),
903:Marshal Villehardouin
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730:Baldwin IV of Hainaut
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622:had just been on the
608:Henry II of Champagne
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1363:Chronicle of Hainaut
1259:Lock, Peter (1995),
911:Battle of Adrianople
841:king of Thessalonica
668:Louis VIII of France
616:Richard I of England
580:Henry I of Champagne
578:, daughter of Count
542:Count Philip's wife
537:Philip I of Flanders
533:Baldwin V of Hainaut
521:Philip I of Flanders
496:Philip I of Flanders
488:Baldwin V of Hainaut
468:Battle of Adrianople
52:improve this article
1367:Woodbridge, Suffolk
1225:, pp. 283–287.
1021:, pp. 281–282.
917:Captivity and death
672:Philip II of France
664:Isabelle of Hainaut
620:Philip II of France
564:Count of Vermandois
556:Matilda of Portugal
513:Isabelle of Hainaut
509:Louis VII of France
1872:Counts of Flanders
1472:Setton, Kenneth M.
1387:Harris, Jonathan,
1063:Marie of Champagne
953:, is still called
928:George Acropolites
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839:with the title of
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328:Marie of Champagne
307:(aged about 32–33)
1877:Counts of Hainaut
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1700:Reigning emperors
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1628:Succeeded by
1621:Count of Flanders
1597:Succeeded by
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1581:Byzantine Emperor
1544:House of Flanders
1416:Savignac, David.
1397:978-1-78093-767-0
1359:Gislebert of Mons
1299:Angold, Michael,
1285:, pp. 89–93.
943:Pope Innocent III
789:Manuel I Komnenos
612:King of Jerusalem
586:. The chronicler
560:County of Hainaut
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692:John of England
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1050:Evergates 1999
1042:
1040:, p. 282.
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951:Veliko Tarnovo
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848:Thessalonica
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785:Hagia Sophia
770:
767:, built 1848
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284:Valenciennes
223:Baldwin VIII
183:Hagia Sophia
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50:Please help
45:verification
42:
25:
1852:1205 deaths
1847:1172 births
1780:Catherine I
1763:(1261–1383)
1702:(1204–1261)
1247:Setton 1976
1195:21 February
1161:21 February
1124:21 February
973:Margaret II
885:, in which
831:and secure
696:German King
424: 1205
305: 1205
254:Predecessor
215:Predecessor
1841:Categories
1805:Philip III
1770:Baldwin II
1745:Baldwin II
1652:1195–1205
1625:1194–1205
1610:Margaret I
1594:1204–1205
1320:Oxford, UK
1293:References
1235:Wolff 1952
1223:Wolff 1952
1189:0313308179
1155:1579581161
1118:0520077105
1087:Wolff 1952
1038:Wolff 1952
1019:Wolff 1952
1007:Wolff 1952
985:Burgundian
897:, tsar of
856:Adrianople
694:, and the
548:Vermandois
448:Baldwin VI
440:Baldwin IX
219:Margaret I
177:Coronation
78:newspapers
1800:Robert II
1794:Philip II
1709:Baldwin I
1641:Baldwin V
1573:Alexios V
1552:July 1172
1527:163762031
1464:159905474
1283:Cohn 1970
947:Tsarevets
907:historian
837:Macedonia
757:Tsarevets
688:Richard I
610:had been
588:Gislebert
544:Elisabeth
409:Boudewijn
401:Baldwin I
281:July 1172
264:Successor
258:Baldwin V
249:1195–1205
229:Successor
210:1194–1205
190:Successor
171:1204–1205
159:Claimant
133:Baldwin I
1775:Philip I
1740:Robert I
1689:Monarchs
1498:Speculum
1474:(1976).
1435:Speculum
1065:in 1186.
899:Bulgaria
883:Bithynia
852:Lombards
807:and the
805:European
765:Bulgaria
759:castle,
656:Flanders
568:Flanders
552:Eleonore
476:Bulgaria
417:Baudouin
389:Religion
314:Bulgaria
108:May 2020
1784:Charles
1726:Yolanda
1691:of the
1519:2853088
1456:2850600
981:crusade
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809:Asiatic
755:in the
718:Hainaut
711:crusade
699:Otto IV
636:Hainaut
525:Picardy
472:Kaloyan
310:Tarnovo
288:Hainaut
92:scholar
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369:Father
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1557:Died:
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1460:S2CID
1452:JSTOR
991:Notes
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887:Henry
825:Tenos
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405:Dutch
358:House
335:Issue
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168:Reign
99:JSTOR
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1482:ISBN
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