1921:
600:
95:
2129:
2070:
80:
68:
349:
1483:
1939:
374:
728:
cohesion, Carniola was more like a geographical part than a whole and it was often combined to its neighbours and granted out as payment for electoral support. Nevertheless, its status as the most southeasterly of the marches helped it retain its marcher privileges well into the thirteenth century and long after the other regions, especially Friuli, had lost theirs.
727:
to the west. The
Carniolan lands were bound informally to the other marches of the southeast of the Empire in what has been termed the "Austrian complex" because of the supremacy which Austria quickly obtained over the others and the way in which they tended to follow her. Due to this informal
686:
while most of
Carinthia adopted German culture. The most prominent Bavarian families were the Hoflein, Stein, Hertenberg, Reydeck, and Rabensberg, while the Swabian families of the Auersperg, Osterberg, and Gallenberg were also represented. Initially, the
670:) to the former. The reason for the split was partly military considerations and partly the innate distinctness of the region, whose pattern of German colonisation differed from that of Carinthia proper north of the
2205:
1887:
1013:
817:
valley, but not the river itself. This change in its geographical constitution was accompanied by increased interest on the part of nearby landlocked powers. In 1245,
2274:
1007:
841:
Around 1254, Carniola lost its marcher privileges. When Duke
Frederick II of Austria died without male heirs in 1246, Carniola was given to the last Sponheim duke
892:
in 1250 were to revert to the
Imperial crown, a demand which would have applied to Austria, Carinthia and Carniola. Ottokar refused, but was eventually put under
2269:
2254:
2146:
756:
in 1112 (he may have resigned his march in 1107 or 1108), the patriarchate took over the governing of the territory, against the resistance of the
Rhenish
2279:
2249:
845:, a cousin of the patriarch who married Frederick's widow Agnes. Ulric developed Carniola, endowing many lands to the church and establishing a mint at
2239:
760:, dukes of Carinthia from 1122. The Patriarchs partitioned the territory between several powerful fiefs, the most prominent of which were the Bavarian
528:
After the fall of the
Western Roman Empire (476), Carniola was incorporated into the Kingdom of Italy, and (493) under Theodoric it formed part of the
1917:
2069:
744:. Nevertheless, secular margraves were still appointed and the territory was administered as a separate province. After the extinction of the
908:. Under Habsburg rule, Carniola became a frontier against Venice in the southwest, while its eastern border with Hungary remained stable.
2264:
2229:
1909:
1387:
1543:
983:, such an elevation was beyond his jurisdiction. The ducal title was not confirmed until much later: this time 1590. By the 1379
2259:
2234:
2128:
1614:
1427:
623:. In turn, he separated the southeastern marches from the Bavarian duchy and elevated Carinthia to a duchy in its own right.
631:
dynasty, was appointed first duke and acted as a sort of "chief of the border police", controlling the
Carniolan march, the
2170:
1508:
1114:
1513:
620:
457:
1072:
877:
461:
889:
830:
818:
540:
rivers lived the Carni, and towards the end of the sixth century Slavs settled the region called by Latin writers
1624:
1609:
129:
79:
1665:
1472:
1045:
1039:
793:
gradually acquired the
Istrian littoral and Carniola took control of what remained of the Istrian march around
753:
2088:
1902:
1579:
1528:
1413:
1380:
1150:
1129:
1033:
1019:
842:
696:
655:
204:
2224:
1990:
1826:
1712:
1062:
959:
1229:, 1335–1358, grandson of King Rudolph, Duke of Austria and Styria since 1330, also Duke of Carinthia
1831:
1811:
1518:
1203:
963:
929:
612:
1769:
67:
2244:
2107:
1698:
1538:
1533:
1232:
1226:
970:
955:
921:
624:
453:
302:
216:
133:
1970:
2117:
1523:
1093:
616:
2195:
2112:
1895:
1836:
1724:
1660:
1569:
1373:
1216:, 1295–1335, son, also King of Bohemia 1306 and 1307–10, Duke of Carinthia and Count of Tyrol
1774:
1594:
1333:"The Barrier Boundary of the Mediterranean Basin and Its Northern Breaches as Factors in History"
1316:
1108:
905:
826:
1995:
1796:
1741:
1599:
1584:
1357:
1328:
901:
741:
1985:
1806:
1751:
1746:
1736:
1680:
1619:
1589:
1574:
1491:
1165:
951:
854:
275:
1235:, 1358–1364, son, also Duke of Austria, Styria and Carinthia, Count of Tyrol from 1363
2166:
1951:
1816:
1693:
1604:
1557:
1184:
1133:
1087:
846:
724:
572:
probably dates back to the late ninth century, when it was formed alongside the marches of
1938:
1158:
850:
8:
1862:
1761:
1688:
1670:
1638:
1405:
943:
917:
869:
737:
683:
548:
meaning, "little Carnia", i.e., part of greater Carnia. Later on the name was changed to
529:
2191:
2178:
1956:
1791:
1655:
1457:
1452:
1188:
1169:
1122:
1102:
1066:
897:
881:
873:
822:
790:
745:
659:
604:
599:
573:
354:
247:
94:
2187:
2174:
2029:
1975:
1961:
1942:
1929:
1920:
1871:
1821:
1801:
1779:
1462:
1240:
1177:
1080:
1055:
984:
979:
974:
958:
gained
Carniola despite a former agreement the late Duke Henry had made with Emperor
947:
775:
761:
757:
581:
441:
433:
367:
289:
137:
2132:
1841:
1650:
1352:
1344:
1213:
1196:
939:
934:
858:
770:
765:
643:
637:
589:
437:
413:
243:
230:
34:
2158:
2059:
2049:
2039:
2034:
1966:
1925:
1876:
1207:
1137:
1097:
1027:
992:
977:
in 1364, although like his claiming of the title of "Archduke of
Austria" by the
862:
810:
806:
783:
692:
648:
632:
593:
577:
557:
421:
115:
48:
865:, and upon Ulric's death in 1269 he united Carinthia and Carniola to his Crown.
2162:
1784:
1467:
667:
522:
494:
429:
1348:
2218:
2099:
988:
802:
1258:
Semple, 42. The first certain reference to a march of Carniola dates to 953.
2141:
1503:
1447:
893:
663:
628:
1036:, 1045–1070, son, Count of Weimar, also Margrave of Istria from 1060
569:
2023:
1437:
483:
105:
March of Carniola at the time of the Hohenstaufen emperors (circa 1250)
932:, whom he appointed Duke of Carinthia from 1286. It remained with the
849:. As he himself left no heirs, he willed his lands to his cousin, the
868:
In 1273 Ottokar became embroiled in a dispute with the Swabian count
675:
671:
170:
1365:
1332:
1048:, 1098–1107, brother, Count of Weimar, also Margrave of Istria
2078:
2018:
2005:
1980:
1729:
1482:
1422:
1396:
1191:) since 1273, also Duke of Austria, Styria and Carinthia until 1282
925:
708:
700:
688:
679:
498:
479:
473:
449:
445:
392:
261:
180:
2054:
2010:
2000:
1418:
716:
585:
502:
487:
537:
2082:
2044:
1023:
814:
749:
712:
704:
514:
510:
506:
161:
736:
On 11 June 1077, Carniola and Istria were transferred by King
588:
raids. In 952, Carniola was placed under the authority of the
794:
720:
518:
147:
505:, the south-western and south-eastern parts and the city of
1432:
1042:, 1070–1098, son, also Margrave of Istria from 1096
950:
renounced his rights of inheritance and the Habsburg dukes
533:
114:
The pale highlighted area roughly corresponds to the later
928:, but instead he leased the margraviate to his ally Count
896:
in 1276 and forced to cede the lands, only retaining his
857:
in 1268. Ottokar likewise had acquired the princeless
1323:. Vol. II. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing.
456:
served as a frontier defense against the Kingdoms of
1065:, 1107–1124, also Margrave of Istria, Duke of
904:. Two years later he was defeated and killed in the
691:
was bordered by Carinthia and Styria (elevated to a
1153:, 1248–1269, also Duke of Carinthia from 1256
674:. Carniola had been additionally settled mostly by
568:The march of Carniola on the eastern slope of the
1337:Annals of the Association of American Geographers
478:Before the coming of the Romans (c. 200 BC), the
2275:1360s disestablishments in the Holy Roman Empire
2216:
1075:, 1124–1173, son, also Margrave of Istria
513:. In the time of Augustus all the region from
2270:1040s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
2255:States and territories disestablished in 1364
1903:
1381:
490:or Carni, a Celtic tribe, in the south-west.
26:
1172:, also Duke of Austria, Styria and Carinthia
884:demanded that all fiefs acquired during the
556:. The new inhabitants were subjected to the
40:
2280:Lists of nobility of the Holy Roman Empire
2250:States and territories established in 1040
1910:
1896:
1388:
1374:
1090:, 1173–1188, also Margrave of Istria
278:(thus uniting it with Austria and Styria)
93:
2240:Former states and territories in Slovenia
1356:
444:. It corresponded roughly to the central
1315:
598:
916:Rudolph enfeoffed Carniola to his sons
16:Medieval State in the Holy Roman Empire
2217:
1327:
1891:
1770:Architecture, visual arts, and design
1428:Slavic settlement of the Eastern Alps
1395:
1369:
962:, whereby his daughters Adelaide and
615:deposed the rebellious Bavarian duke
998:
482:dwelt in the north of Carniola, the
805:and had two small seacoasts on the
801:). Soon Carniola extended over the
731:
452:. At the time of its creation, the
13:
1210:since 1258, also Duke of Carinthia
938:dynasty until Meinard's son, Duke
619:and ceded the duchy to his nephew
584:and was especially susceptible to
521:river belonged to the province of
501:; the northern part was joined to
314:• Status as duchy recognised
14:
2291:
2265:1360s disestablishments in Europe
592:, as were Carinthia, Istria, and
2230:Marches of the Holy Roman Empire
2127:
2068:
1937:
1919:
1481:
1187:, 1276–1286, German king (
911:
836:
372:
347:
301:• Declared a duchy by Duke
78:
66:
987:, Carniola was attached to the
876:. The next year Rudolf and the
118:and is shown merely for context
23:March (Margraviate) of Carniola
1297:
1288:
1279:
1270:
1261:
1252:
1004:Winther (†after 12 March 933)
1:
2260:1040 establishments in Europe
1358:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t2c825k1f
1309:
813:. It reached to the Friulian
563:
2235:Medieval history of Slovenia
1206:, 1286–1295, Count of
1022:, 1040–1044, Count of
991:possessions of the Habsburg
890:Frederick II of Hohenstaufen
789:In the twelfth century, the
658:separated Carniola from the
493:Carniola formed part of the
7:
1168:, 1269–1276, King of
1132:, 1245–1246, Duke of
924:in 1282 after a meeting in
888:after the death of Emperor
752:upon the death of Margrave
695:in 1156) to the north, the
627:, a member of the Bavarian
603:Carniolan march within the
10:
2296:
471:
467:
2171:Lower Rhenish–Westphalian
2155:
2126:
2095:
2077:
2066:
1936:
1856:
1760:
1720:
1711:
1679:
1646:
1637:
1565:
1556:
1499:
1490:
1479:
1404:
1349:10.1080/00045601509357037
1014:Eberhard II von Ebersberg
966:would inherit his lands.
440:, the predecessor of the
388:
326:
322:
312:
299:
286:
274:• Inherited by King
272:
258:
240:
236:
226:
222:
210:
200:• 1040–1033 (first)
198:
194:
186:
176:
143:
125:
92:
62:
57:
21:
1317:Thompson, James Westfall
1246:
1130:Frederick II the Warlike
1096:, 1188–1204, also
651:with Friuli and Istria.
212:• 1358–1364 (last)
2206:Unencircled territories
1329:Semple, Ellen Churchill
906:Battle on the Marchfeld
827:Frederick II of Austria
486:in the south-east, the
1008:Udalrich von Ebersberg
843:Ulric III of Carinthia
833:, with royal consent.
742:patriarchs of Aquileia
647:, as well as the vast
608:
448:region of present-day
425:
417:
242:• Separated from
42:Mark(grafschaft) Krain
41:
27:
940:Henry VI of Carinthia
872:over his election as
855:Ottokar II of Bohemia
821:gave Carniola to the
602:
428:) was a southeastern
276:Ottokar II of Bohemia
1544:World Heritage Sites
973:declared Carniola a
971:Rudolf IV of Austria
956:Albert II of Austria
942:, died in 1335. The
656:Henry III of Germany
607:, circa 1000 CE
532:. Between the upper
303:Rudolf IV of Austria
217:Rudolf IV of Austria
2225:Carolingian marches
2182:Circles est. 1512:
2157:Circles est. 1500:
1625:Statistical regions
1026:, also Margrave of
738:Henry IV of Germany
678:with a minority of
530:Ostrogothic kingdom
2203:
2199:
1666:Telecommunications
1473:Socialist Republic
1458:Kingdom of Illyria
1453:Illyrian Provinces
1239:declared himself "
1189:King of the Romans
1123:House of Babenberg
969:Albert's son Duke
960:Louis the Bavarian
898:Kingdom of Bohemia
874:King of the Romans
870:Rudolf of Habsburg
819:Patriarch Berthold
791:Republic of Venice
711:to the south, and
660:Duchy of Carinthia
617:Henry the Wrangler
609:
605:Duchy of Carinthia
355:Duchy of Carinthia
248:Duchy of Carinthia
2245:Duchy of Carniola
2212:
2211:
2196:Electoral Rhenish
2100:Prince-Bishoprics
2015:
1930:Holy Roman Empire
1885:
1884:
1852:
1851:
1707:
1706:
1633:
1632:
1615:Political parties
1580:Foreign relations
1552:
1551:
1463:Duchy of Carniola
1443:March of Carniola
1221:House of Habsburg
1178:House of Habsburg
1159:Přemyslid dynasty
1145:House of Sponheim
1117:, 1234–1248
1111:, 1228–1234
1105:, 1204–1228
1056:House of Sponheim
1010:, 1011–1029
999:List of margraves
985:Treaty of Neuberg
980:Privilegium Maius
964:Margaret of Tyrol
948:John I of Bohemia
930:Meinhard of Tyrol
762:counts of Andechs
758:House of Sponheim
682:and retained its
625:Henry the Younger
442:Duchy of Carniola
434:Holy Roman Empire
398:
397:
384:
383:
380:
379:
368:Duchy of Carniola
360:
359:
290:House of Habsburg
288:• Seized by
160:) =
138:Holy Roman Empire
119:
106:
2287:
2204:
2200:
2131:
2098:
2072:
2013:
1941:
1924:
1923:
1912:
1905:
1898:
1889:
1888:
1865:
1718:
1717:
1644:
1643:
1563:
1562:
1509:Cities and towns
1497:
1496:
1485:
1390:
1383:
1376:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1360:
1324:
1304:
1301:
1295:
1292:
1286:
1283:
1277:
1274:
1268:
1265:
1259:
1256:
1241:Duke of Carniola
1197:House of Gorizia
1081:House of Andechs
859:Duchy of Austria
831:Agnes of Merania
766:dukes of Merania
740:to the powerful
732:Patriarchal rule
662:and granted the
644:Mark an der Sann
638:Mark an der Drau
611:In 976, Emperor
590:Dukes of Bavaria
438:High Middle Ages
418:Kranjska krajina
376:
375:
364:
363:
351:
350:
344:
343:
328:
327:
246:(as part of the
231:High Middle Ages
113:
111:
104:
102:
97:
82:
70:
52:
44:
38:
30:
28:Kranjska krajina
19:
18:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2284:
2215:
2214:
2213:
2208:
2202:
2198:
2181:
2151:
2122:
2096:
2091:
2073:
2064:
1967:Further Austria
1932:
1926:Austrian Circle
1918:
1916:
1886:
1881:
1868:
1861:
1848:
1812:Public holidays
1756:
1703:
1675:
1629:
1548:
1486:
1477:
1400:
1394:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1298:
1293:
1289:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1271:
1266:
1262:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1098:Duke of Merania
1001:
993:Leopoldian line
914:
839:
811:Gulf of Kvarner
807:Gulf of Trieste
784:Counts of Celje
734:
684:Slovene culture
649:March of Verona
633:March of Styria
566:
552:or, in German,
476:
470:
373:
348:
315:
305:
292:
279:
265:
251:
213:
201:
121:
120:
116:Austrian Circle
109:
107:
100:
88:
87:
86:
83:
75:
74:
71:
53:
46:
39:
32:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2293:
2283:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2210:
2209:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2149:
2144:
2138:
2136:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2104:
2102:
2093:
2092:
2087:
2085:
2075:
2074:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2021:
2016:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1948:
1946:
1934:
1933:
1915:
1914:
1907:
1900:
1892:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1879:
1874:
1867:
1866:
1858:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1846:
1845:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1788:
1787:
1777:
1772:
1766:
1764:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1733:
1732:
1721:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1701:
1699:Rail transport
1696:
1691:
1685:
1683:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1661:Stock exchange
1658:
1653:
1647:
1641:
1635:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1566:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1534:Municipalities
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1500:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1475:
1470:
1468:Drava Banovina
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1416:
1410:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1399: articles
1393:
1392:
1385:
1378:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1325:
1321:Feudal Germany
1311:
1308:
1306:
1305:
1296:
1287:
1285:Thompson, 607.
1278:
1276:Thompson, 606.
1269:
1260:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1237:
1236:
1230:
1218:
1217:
1211:
1193:
1192:
1174:
1173:
1155:
1154:
1142:
1141:
1119:
1118:
1112:
1106:
1100:
1091:
1077:
1076:
1070:
1052:
1051:
1050:
1049:
1037:
1031:
1017:
1011:
1005:
1000:
997:
989:Inner Austrian
913:
910:
838:
835:
733:
730:
668:Lower Carniola
654:In 1040, King
621:Otto of Swabia
565:
562:
509:to Venice and
495:Roman province
472:Main article:
469:
466:
396:
395:
390:
386:
385:
382:
381:
378:
377:
370:
361:
358:
357:
352:
340:
339:
334:
324:
323:
320:
319:
316:
313:
310:
309:
306:
300:
297:
296:
293:
287:
284:
283:
280:
273:
270:
269:
266:
259:
256:
255:
252:
241:
238:
237:
234:
233:
228:
227:Historical era
224:
223:
220:
219:
214:
211:
208:
207:
202:
199:
196:
195:
192:
191:
188:
184:
183:
178:
174:
173:
169:) =
145:
141:
140:
127:
123:
122:
108:
99:
98:
90:
89:
84:
77:
76:
72:
65:
64:
63:
60:
59:
55:
54:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2292:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2207:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2180:
2179:(Lower) Saxon
2176:
2172:
2168:
2167:Upper Rhenish
2164:
2160:
2154:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2130:
2125:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2094:
2090:
2089:Liechtenstein
2086:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2071:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1940:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1922:
1913:
1908:
1906:
1901:
1899:
1894:
1893:
1890:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1864:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1710:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1678:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1555:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1484:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1403:
1398:
1391:
1386:
1384:
1379:
1377:
1372:
1371:
1368:
1359:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1313:
1300:
1291:
1282:
1273:
1264:
1255:
1251:
1244:
1242:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1222:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1198:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1180:
1179:
1171:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1160:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1125:
1124:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1084:
1083:
1082:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1002:
996:
994:
990:
986:
982:
981:
976:
972:
967:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
936:
931:
927:
923:
919:
912:Austrian rule
909:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
878:Imperial Diet
875:
871:
866:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
837:Bohemian rule
834:
832:
829:, husband of
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
803:Karst Plateau
800:
796:
792:
787:
785:
781:
777:
773:
772:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
729:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
703:to the east,
702:
698:
694:
690:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
652:
650:
646:
645:
640:
639:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
606:
601:
597:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
561:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
526:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
491:
489:
485:
481:
475:
465:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
394:
391:
389:Today part of
387:
371:
369:
366:
365:
362:
356:
353:
346:
345:
342:
341:
338:
335:
333:
330:
329:
325:
321:
317:
311:
307:
304:
298:
294:
291:
285:
281:
277:
271:
267:
263:
257:
253:
249:
245:
239:
235:
232:
229:
225:
221:
218:
215:
209:
206:
203:
197:
193:
189:
185:
182:
179:
175:
172:
168:
164:
163:
159:
153:
149:
146:
142:
139:
135:
131:
128:
124:
117:
96:
91:
81:
69:
61:
56:
50:
43:
36:
29:
20:
2183:
2142:An der Etsch
2014:(until 1648)
1837:coat of arms
1725:Demographics
1651:Central bank
1570:Constitution
1514:Conservation
1504:Adriatic Sea
1448:Windic March
1442:
1433:Samo's Realm
1421: /
1340:
1336:
1320:
1299:
1290:
1281:
1272:
1263:
1254:
1238:
1220:
1219:
1195:
1194:
1176:
1175:
1157:
1156:
1144:
1143:
1121:
1120:
1079:
1078:
1073:Engelbert II
1054:
1053:
978:
968:
935:Meinhardiner
933:
915:
894:Imperial ban
885:
867:
847:Kostanjevica
840:
798:
788:
779:
771:Meinhardiner
769:
735:
664:Windic March
653:
642:
636:
610:
567:
553:
549:
545:
541:
527:
492:
477:
409:
405:
401:
399:
337:Succeeded by
336:
331:
264:established
166:
157:
155:
151:
85:Coat of arms
2192:Upper Saxon
1807:Nationalism
1595:LGBT rights
1303:Semple, 43.
1294:Semple, 43.
1267:Semple, 43.
1243:" in 1364.
1094:Berthold II
1063:Engelbert I
886:interregnum
782:), and the
774:dynasty of
689:margraviate
629:Luitpolding
570:Julian Alps
410:of Carniola
406:Margraviate
332:Preceded by
262:Margraviate
181:Margraviate
2219:Categories
2188:Burgundian
2175:Franconian
2135:bailiwicks
2024:Winnweiler
1792:Literature
1742:Healthcare
1605:Parliament
1585:Government
1438:Carantania
1310:References
1233:Rudolph IV
1166:Ottokar II
1140:since 1230
1088:Berthold I
1030:since 1012
944:Luxembourg
799:Mitterburg
748:counts of
746:Thuringian
564:Foundation
554:Chrainmark
484:Pannonians
426:Mark Krain
177:Government
1991:Hohenberg
1957:Carinthia
1752:Squatting
1747:Languages
1737:Education
1681:Transport
1620:President
1590:Judiciary
1575:Elections
1529:Mountains
1492:Geography
1343:: 27–59.
1227:Albert II
1151:Ulric III
1069:from 1122
1067:Carinthia
922:Rudolf II
882:Nuremberg
851:Přemyslid
823:Babenberg
676:Bavarians
672:Karawanks
574:Carinthia
446:Carniolan
171:Ljubljana
152:Krainburg
136:) of the
58:1040–1364
2184:Austrian
2159:Bavarian
2133:Teutonic
2079:Habsburg
2019:Tettnang
2006:Stockach
1996:Konstanz
1981:Breisgau
1962:Carniola
1943:Habsburg
1872:Category
1817:Religion
1730:Slovenes
1694:Highways
1600:Military
1558:Politics
1423:Pannonia
1414:Timeline
1397:Slovenia
1331:(1915).
1319:(1928).
1204:Meinhard
1046:Ulric II
1040:Poppo II
926:Augsburg
809:and the
754:Ulric II
725:Gradisca
709:Dalmatia
701:Slavonia
680:Swabians
582:Pannonia
546:Carniola
536:and the
499:Pannonia
480:Taurisci
474:Carniola
450:Slovenia
393:Slovenia
187:Margrave
2163:Swabian
2147:Austria
2083:vassals
2055:Trieste
2030:Gorizia
2011:Sundgau
2001:Ortenau
1976:Bregenz
1971:Altdorf
1952:Austria
1928:of the
1863:Outline
1827:Symbols
1780:Cuisine
1762:Culture
1713:Society
1689:Driving
1671:Tourism
1639:Economy
1519:Islands
1419:Noricum
1406:History
1185:Rudolph
1170:Bohemia
1134:Austria
1115:Otto II
1034:Ulric I
1020:Poppo I
902:Moravia
776:Gorizia
768:), the
764:(later
717:Gorizia
697:Croatia
666:(later
613:Otto II
550:Krajina
503:Noricum
488:Iapodes
468:History
462:Croatia
458:Hungary
436:in the
432:of the
414:Slovene
260:•
244:Bavaria
205:Poppo I
167:Laibach
144:Capital
35:Slovene
2108:Brixen
2097:
2050:Tengen
2045:Tarasp
2040:Styria
2035:Istria
1986:Burgau
1877:Portal
1832:anthem
1822:Sports
1775:Cinema
1656:Energy
1610:Police
1539:Rivers
1138:Styria
1109:Otto I
1028:Istria
1024:Weimar
1016:, 1040
918:Albert
863:Styria
815:Isonzo
750:Weimar
713:Friuli
705:Istria
635:, the
594:Friuli
586:Magyar
580:, and
578:Istria
542:Carnia
515:Aemona
511:Istria
507:Aemona
422:German
190:
162:Kamnik
126:Status
112:
110:
103:
101:
49:German
45:
31:
2118:Trent
2060:Tyrol
1945:lands
1802:Music
1797:Media
1524:Lakes
1247:Notes
1214:Henry
1208:Tyrol
1103:Henry
975:Duchy
946:king
900:with
861:with
853:king
825:duke
795:Pazin
721:Udine
693:duchy
558:Avars
544:, or
523:Savia
519:Kolpa
454:march
430:state
402:March
158:Stein
148:Kranj
134:march
130:State
2113:Chur
1842:flag
1785:Wine
1136:and
954:and
952:Otto
920:and
780:Görz
723:and
707:and
699:and
641:and
538:SoÄŤa
534:Sava
460:and
404:(or
400:The
318:1590
308:1364
295:1276
282:1268
268:1040
73:Flag
2081:’s
1353:hdl
1345:doi
880:of
596:.
517:to
497:of
254:976
2221::
2201:·
2194:,
2190:,
2186:,
2177:,
2173:,
2169:,
2165:,
2161:,
1351:.
1339:.
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719:,
715:,
576:,
560:.
525:.
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424::
420:;
416::
408:)
250:)
154:)
2026:)
1969:(
1911:e
1904:t
1897:v
1389:e
1382:t
1375:v
1361:.
1355::
1347::
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797:(
778:(
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51:)
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37:)
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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