419:"Le lendemain, la délégation sioniste exprime oralement ces revendications: la totalité du pays à l'exception des collines cisjordaniennes... Dans les jours qui suivent, une ultime négotiation a lieu. Les sionistes se montrent prêts à une continuation du mandate pour une période de dix ans avec les 100 000 immigrants pour les deux premières années, puis la capacité économique d'absorption.. Les délégations arabes rejettent les propositions britanniques. Bevin leur demande cer qu'ils attendent de la puissance mandataire. Il lui est répondu: son depart de la Palestine. Bevin les adjure de prendre en compte le rapport des forces, qui est en faveur des Juifs. Il y aura un bain de sang. Les Arabs palestiniens se montrent confiants, il sauront affronter la situation avec éventuellement l'aide de la Ligue des États arabes."
355:. British soldiers arrested militants throughout the Mandate. In Jerusalem, a massive manhunt was underway for the suspects in the British Officers' Club bombing. A total of 78 people suspected of terrorist activity were arrested during the martial law period, 15 identified as Lehi members, 12 as Irgun members, and the rest "connected." Despite security measures, terrorist activity continued both in and out of the security zones, resulting in the deaths of 14 British personnel and 15 civilians between 1 and 13 March.
394:
martial law was ineffective, -in failing to make a dint into terrorism, that they lacked the means to maintain the curfew much longer, and soldiers were being tied down in administrative duties which hampered operational readiness. Ben-Gurion characterized the dissidents' approach as terrorism, and warned that it risked plunging the Yishuv into a fratricidal struggle. On May 15, the
263:. A Jewish girl who was the receptionist and twelve British officers were killed when militants, some wearing police uniforms, under the cover of machine gun fire raided the building, planted and detonated explosives, and subsequently engaged in a gunfight. In addition, a number of military vehicles were mined on the inter-urban roads, army depots at
368:
all but three hours a day. Arabs were affected too by the price of goods and the dismissal of thousands of daily wage workers. Ben-Gurion complained that the curfew was having a serious negative impact on the economy and public services, arguing that the effect risked creating sympathy for the cause of terrorism among the general population.
343:, the military governor of Tel Aviv, reflected on the order: "Martial law shall be declared. It is not to be viewed as a punishment, although there will be no avoiding suffering caused to residents through the fault of irresponsible individuals". However, martial law was also in fact imposed as a form of collective punishment against the
393:
assessed that the operation while resulting in some Jewish collaboration with
British authorities, did not result in the hoped-for level of cooperation. An estimated $ 10,000,000 in economic losses were reported for the Jewish community in the 15 days under martial law. The military estimate was that
372:
commented on 4 March apropos the military situation stating that there were as many murders in
England as in Palestine, with only one difference: "in England the murderer is caught because the people of the country are on the side of law and order and assist the police. In Palestine the people do not
180:
against
British vehicles, installations, and personnel, the British threatened to impose martial law. The Irgun ostensibly deliberately provoked the British into declaring martial law, carrying out attacks throughout Palestine on March 1, 1947. The deadliest incident occurred at the British Officers'
205:
proposed by Great
Britain which foresaw a binational state with cantonal arrangements that would permit strong regional autonomy had been rejected by both sides in early 1947, with the Jewish representatives claiming all of the land with the exception of the hills of the West Bank, and asking for an
398:
was directed to move against the militant factions, not to hand them over to the
British, but to impede their execution of further attacks, and their intervention proved effective in stopping projects of assassination and destruction of British military property. Some of those captured were put on
367:
were suspended and the power of civil leadership, including the courts system, was transferred to military governors; British soldiers were granted policing authority and movement in and out of areas under martial law required permits. Residents of the areas under martial law were under curfew for
254:
coordinated a wave of terrorist attacks targeting
British personnel throughout the Mandate. The organizations claimed that the attacks were in response to Britain's heightened security and their referral of the Mandate to the United Nation. Eight incidents took place on the day; the militants made
376:
Tel Aviv unexpectedly became a major centre of employment and adjacent communities–otherwise cut off from the city–requested they be incorporated into the boundaries of martial law. Pressure on the Jewish Agency led to it taking serious steps to distance itself from the dissident militant groups.
350:
On 3 March, an Irgun depot was raided in Tel Aviv, where detonators, bombs, and
British military uniforms were found. Later that week, British troops shot and killed two Jews in Jerusalem, including a four-year-old girl who was standing on the porch of her home in
192:
metropolitan area, the declaration affected civil services and governing. British soldiers arrested suspects throughout
Palestine before martial law was lifted on 17 March. Throughout its duration, clashes between British personnel and Zionist militants continued.
218:, in the belief that the numbers there would hinder any partition plan, and lead the parties back to the only reasonable solution, in Great Britain's view, namely that outlined in the Bevin Plan. The Zionists believed the British were stalling for time, and the
380:
During the period of martial law, British troops in
Jerusalem killed two Jewish civilians, including a 4-year-old girl. In Tel Aviv, British troops with orders to shoot curfew violators on sight shot at pedestrians and motorists out on legitimate business.
237:. All British soldiers and policemen still stationed in the Mandate were subsequently concentrated into security zones in major cities. In a secret order on 10 February, which represented a change in tactics, the Zionist militant organization
258:
The deadliest incident –perpetrated by the Irgun– targeted the
Goldsmith British Officers' Club in Jerusalem. The building had living quarters in the upper floors. It was the first terrorist attack on a Saturday, the Jewish
241:
considered everyone British an enemy, no matter what position they held. The security measures led to Arab unrest in the Mandate and an increase in purchases of black market goods–an "indication of preparations for trouble".
206:
influx of 100,000 Jews for the first two years, to establish a Jewish majority. Likewise the Arab delegation rejected the plan, asking only that the British leave Palestine. When warned this would lead to a bloodbath, with
42:
35:
222:
made efforts in the meantime to round up international assent to the establishment of a Jewish state, while multiplying facts on the ground by creating new settlements, increasing
229:
By February 1947–in response to political unrest and the kidnappings of British officials–the British government evacuated women, children, and non-essential male civilians from
28:
1074:
The three-storied Goldsmith Officers' Club on the fashionable King George V Avenue, Jerusalem It is the first time that the terrorists acted on the Jewish Sabbath.
347:
over its failure to cooperate with the British against the Irgun and Lehi, as it was expected that it would cause economic pain for the civilian population.
389:
The High Commissioner revoked martial law on 17 March, concluding its objectives were met and that the order was inadvertently affecting Arabs as well. The
1160:
910:
a number of armed men surrounded the officers' club five minutes before the explosion and began shooting A Jewish girl receptionist is among the dead.
1260:
1103:
The club is British, and has living quarters for bachelor officers on the upper floors. There is a lounge, bar, and restaurant on the ground floor.
1180:
1219:
Jewish terrorists, wearing police uniforms, perpetrated today the most daring attack in Palestine since the bombing of the King David hotel
233:; later in the month, Britain announced its intent to terminate the Mandate, referring the matter of the future of Palestine to the
146:
52:
1125:
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1016:
991:
954:
271:, and Beit Lid came under mortar and machine gun fire, and 15 vehicles were destroyed in an attack on an army vehicle lot in
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340:
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188:
The British High Commissioner implemented martial law the following day in Jewish neighborhoods of Jerusalem and the
983:
1136:
1008:
892:
215:
1085:
1081:"Jewish terrorists today blew up the fashionable Goldsmith Officers' Club in King George V Avenue, Jerusalem"
96:
1200:
399:
trial and received death sentences. In reprisal for the execution of several of their members, the Irgun
921:
255:
use of land mines, mortars, and explosives to destroy military vehicles, installations, and personnel.
226:
operations and leaving the dissident Jewish organisations to increase attacks against British forces.
1184:
1164:
86:
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noting that the Jews were in a stronger military position than the Arabs, they trusted that the
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Other Jewish gunmen, dressed in police uniforms, then opened fire on the front of the building.
1002:
977:
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which was bombed and subsequently became the site of a gunfight: twenty people were killed.
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400:
283:
The British responded by swiftly imposing curfews. On 2 March, martial law was declared in
121:
76:
20:
8:
1244:
In the Irgun munitions depot found in Tel Aviv were found and British military uniforms
1142:
696:
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would balance the equation. Given the impasse, Bevin left a decision in the hands of the
154:
101:
1080:
1033:
1051:
887:
860:
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1121:
1037:
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987:
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888:"Bomb Blasts Rock Haifa —Terrorist Violence Renewed— Martial Law in Palestine Cities"
116:
1161:"Martial Law Lifted in Palestine Today; 15-day Military Rule Cost Jews $ 10,000,000"
559:
363:
Martial law had serious implications for the Jewish populace of the affected areas.
339:
which had not been cooperating in the British campaign against terrorism. Maj. Gen.
1205:
544:
328:
126:
81:
574:
1230:
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91:
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and Shaare Zedek. Martial law was imposed with the objective of pressuring the
234:
1254:
1181:"300,000 Palestine Jews Under Martial Law; Agency Protests Sweeping Measures"
401:
captured and hanged two British sergeants, leaving their bodies booby-trapped
369:
364:
336:
320:
219:
145:
was imposed by the British military on Jewish areas of Palestine during the
630:
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was imposed on 2 March 1947 and enforced for 15 days in Jewish sectors of
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66:
946:
316:
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275:. Twenty British personnel were killed and 30 wounded on that date.
1138:
Military Preparations of the Arab Community in Palestine, 1945-1948
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284:
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158:
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332:
260:
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region and as Operation Elephant in the Jewish neighborhoods of
1117:
344:
264:
1201:"Terroristas judeus atacaram a zona de segurança de Jerusalem"
1098:
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905:
876:
789:
324:
272:
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173:
779:
777:
157:. The crackdown was known as Operation Hippo in the greater
50:
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762:
760:
16:
Period during the Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine
859:
774:
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534:
532:
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517:
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465:
813:
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1052:"Heavy Explosion in Jerusalem Fashionable Club Wrecked"
757:
443:
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825:
527:
512:
1029:
Imperial Endgame: Britain's Dirty Wars and the End of
717:
477:
453:
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assist the police and the murderers are not caught."
1079:
1050:
837:
645:
565:
550:
432:
246:
Attacks that triggered the imposition of martial law
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580:
1004:Palestine: Between Politics and Terror, 1945-1947
942:Palestine to Israel: From Mandate to Independence
1252:
1199:
801:
732:
610:
1025:
795:
36:
1089:. Australian Associated Press. 2 March 1947
358:
168:In response to attacks carried out by the
43:
29:
1134:
975:
918:Palestine and the Great Powers, 1945-1948
819:
768:
627:"The Raid on the Jerusalem Officers Club"
538:
521:
1261:Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine
965:"Curfew in Jerusalem, 4-year-old killed"
147:Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine
54:Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine
1108:
963:
831:
708:
662:
494:
471:
459:
1253:
1226:"the Terrorists Have British Uniforms"
1209:(in Portuguese). Reuters. 3 March 1947
1000:
783:
726:
506:
447:
938:
915:
843:
651:
24:
1179:
1159:
807:
744:
738:
331:. Searches were also carried out in
1224:
681:
13:
1026:Grob-Fitzgibbon, Benjamin (2011).
979:British Counterinsurgency, 1919–60
139:Martial law in Mandatory Palestine
14:
1287:
1009:University Press of New England
690:
619:
216:United Nations General Assembly
413:
278:
1:
699:, daat (?)Jewish encyclopedia
196:
697:Military condition in Israel
426:
384:
7:
1276:1947 in Mandatory Palestine
976:Ekwe-Ekwe, Herbert (2016).
10:
1292:
1234:(in Spanish). 3 March 1947
971:. 5 March 1947. p. 5.
922:Princeton University Press
861:"Attack on Officers' Club"
852:
370:General Sir Miles Denmpsey
250:On 1 March, the Irgun and
141:refers to the period when
1266:March 1947 events in Asia
1185:Jewish Telegraphic Agency
1165:Jewish Telegraphic Agency
865:The Sidney Morning Herald
597:The Sidney Morning Herald
62:
1135:Levenberg, Haim (1993).
1114:La Question de Palestine
406:
87:King David Hotel bombing
939:Cohen, Michael (2012).
916:Cohen, Michael (1982).
359:Effects on the populace
172:militant organizations
1001:Golani, Motti (2013).
212:League of Arab States
107:Night of the Beatings
1086:The Sunday Telegraph
1057:The Morning Bulletin
796:Grob-Fitzgibbon 2011
633:on 25 September 2013
567:The Morning Bulletin
552:The Sunday Telegraph
122:The Sergeants affair
97:Rome Embassy bombing
77:Night of the Bridges
786:, pp. 193–194.
509:, pp. 186–188.
474:, pp. 575–576.
231:Mandatory Palestine
155:Mandatory Palestine
102:Night of the Trains
1034:Palgrave Macmillan
893:The Northern Miner
752:Terror out of Zion
670:Anonymous Soldiers
582:The Northern Miner
112:Martial law period
67:The Hunting Season
1127:978-2-213-61251-5
1043:978-0-230-30038-5
1018:978-1-61168-387-5
993:978-1-349-80813-7
956:978-1-136-28660-5
311:neighborhoods of
135:
134:
117:Acre Prison break
1283:
1246:
1241:
1239:
1221:
1216:
1214:
1206:Jornal do Brasil
1196:
1194:
1192:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1167:. 17 March 1947b
1156:
1143:Psychology Press
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755:
750:Bell, Bowyer J.
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694:
688:
679:
673:
668:Hoffman, Bruce:
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629:. Archived from
623:
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612:Jornal do Brasil
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127:Operation Hametz
82:Operation Agatha
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1188:
1187:. 3 March 1947a
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1116:. Vol. 2.
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391:Colonial Office
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361:
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248:
199:
136:
131:
92:Operation Shark
58:
53:
51:
49:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1289:
1279:
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1273:
1268:
1263:
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1247:
1222:
1197:
1177:
1157:
1151:
1132:
1126:
1110:Laurens, Henry
1106:
1077:
1060:. 1 March 1947
1048:
1042:
1023:
1017:
998:
992:
973:
961:
955:
936:
931:978-0691638775
930:
913:
896:. 3 March 1947
884:
867:. 3 March 1947
856:
854:
851:
849:
848:
846:, p. 230.
836:
834:, p. 577.
824:
822:, p. 110.
820:Ekwe-Ekwe 2016
812:
800:
788:
773:
769:Levenberg 1993
756:
743:
731:
729:, p. 196.
716:
701:
689:
674:
661:
644:
618:
603:
588:
573:
558:
543:
539:Levenberg 1993
526:
522:Levenberg 1993
511:
499:
497:, p. 576.
476:
464:
462:, p. 574.
452:
450:, p. 192.
430:
428:
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365:Civil services
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235:United Nations
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1152:0-7146-3439-5
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821:
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809:
804:
798:, p. 81.
797:
792:
785:
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778:
771:, p. 84.
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654:, p. 238
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541:, p. 83.
540:
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531:
524:, p. 82.
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337:Jewish Agency
334:
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321:Kerem Avraham
318:
314:
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307:, and in the
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220:Jewish Agency
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65:
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56:
46:
41:
39:
34:
32:
27:
26:
23:
19:
1243:
1236:. Retrieved
1229:
1218:
1211:. Retrieved
1204:
1189:. Retrieved
1169:. Retrieved
1137:
1113:
1102:
1097:– via
1091:. Retrieved
1084:
1073:
1068:– via
1062:. Retrieved
1055:
1028:
1003:
978:
968:
941:
917:
909:
904:– via
898:. Retrieved
891:
880:
875:– via
869:. Retrieved
864:
839:
832:Laurens 2002
827:
815:
803:
791:
751:
746:
734:
714:, p. 5.
709:
704:
692:
682:
677:
669:
664:
655:
647:
635:. Retrieved
631:the original
621:
611:
606:
596:
591:
581:
576:
566:
561:
551:
546:
502:
495:Laurens 2002
472:Laurens 2002
467:
460:Laurens 2002
455:
415:
388:
379:
375:
362:
349:
341:Richard Gale
305:Sharon plain
282:
269:Pardes Hanna
257:
249:
228:
200:
187:
167:
149:. Statutory
138:
137:
111:
72:Birya affair
18:
1271:Martial law
784:Golani 2013
727:Golani 2013
507:Golani 2013
448:Golani 2013
353:Mea Shearim
313:Mea Shearim
301:Petah Tikva
287:and nearby
279:Martial law
151:martial law
143:martial law
1255:Categories
844:Cohen 2012
652:Cohen 1982
224:Aliyah Bet
203:Bevin Plan
197:Background
947:Routledge
808:JTA 1947b
739:JTA 1947a
427:Citations
385:Aftermath
317:Sanhedria
309:Jerusalem
297:Givatayim
293:Bnei Brak
289:Ramat Gan
183:Jerusalem
163:Jerusalem
1112:(2002).
984:Springer
285:Tel Aviv
190:Tel Aviv
181:Club in
159:Tel Aviv
1238:17 June
1213:17 June
1191:13 June
1171:13 June
1093:14 June
1064:14 June
969:Haaretz
900:16 June
871:14 June
853:Sources
710:Haaretz
657: ?
637:28 June
396:Haganah
333:Rehavia
329:Bukhara
261:Sabbath
170:Zionist
1149:
1124:
1118:Fayard
1040:
1015:
990:
953:
928:
754:(1976)
672:(2015)
345:Yishuv
327:, and
303:, the
299:, and
265:Hadera
1099:Trove
1070:Trove
906:Trove
877:Trove
407:Notes
325:Geula
273:Haifa
239:Irgun
208:Bevin
174:Irgun
1240:2018
1215:2018
1193:2018
1173:2018
1147:ISBN
1122:ISBN
1095:2018
1066:2018
1038:ISBN
1013:ISBN
988:ISBN
951:ISBN
926:ISBN
902:2018
873:2018
712:2012
685:1947
639:2019
614:1947
599:1947
584:1947
569:1947
554:1947
252:Lehi
201:The
178:Lehi
176:and
1231:ABC
683:ABC
1257::
1242:.
1228:.
1217:.
1203:.
1183:.
1163:.
1145:.
1141:.
1120:.
1101:.
1083:.
1072:.
1054:.
1036:.
1032:.
1011:.
1007:.
986:.
982:.
967:.
949:.
945:.
924:.
920:.
908:.
890:.
879:.
863:.
776:^
759:^
719:^
529:^
514:^
479:^
434:^
403:.
323:,
319:,
315:,
295:,
291:,
267:,
165:.
1195:.
1175:.
1155:.
1130:.
1046:.
1021:.
996:.
959:.
934:.
810:.
741:.
687:.
641:.
616:.
601:.
586:.
571:.
556:.
44:e
37:t
30:v
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