102:
123:
3246:
661:
In the molecular phylogenetic classification of Smith et al. in 2006, the
Marattiales formed the single member of the class Marattiopsida. Four genera were recognized. The class was lowered in rank to the subclass Marattiidae in the 2009 classification of
520:
classification of 2016 (PPG I), Marattiaceae is the only family in the order
Marattiales, which in turn is the only order in the subclass Marattiidae. Marattiidae is one of four subclasses of class
402:, with three species. It has fronds that are 2-5 times pinnate, distinctive stalked synangia, and awns on distal blade segments. Blade division decreases towards the apex of the frond. Plants of
339:
670:, and subsequent systems such as Christenhusz et al. (2011). The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group (2016) classification retains this rank. In that system, Marattiidae is
4008:
3845:
3691:
3661:
3438:
2957:
3871:
3851:
3839:
3613:
4077:
4026:
3911:
3885:
3865:
3779:
3685:
3568:
2945:
3905:
3893:
3879:
3667:
3655:
3637:
3619:
3580:
3574:
3424:
2951:
4066:
4014:
3974:
3899:
3809:
3803:
3791:
3785:
3679:
3673:
3649:
3586:
380:
Genus
Angiopteris also undergoes monoplastidic meiosis, an ancestral trait, rather than polyplastidic meiosis, and is the only known example within
3797:
3697:
3625:
3511:
2761:
300:
The
Marattiaceae diverged from other ferns very early in their evolutionary history and are quite different from many plants familiar to people in
504:. They have bipinnate leaves with opposite pinnae, which are dimorphic, the fertile leaves much contracted, and covered below with sunken, linear
4971:
4793:
4561:
3452:
3396:
3390:
2963:
748:
742:
292:. The family has six genera and about 110 species. Many are different in appearance from other ferns, having large fronds and fleshy rootstocks.
4141:
3446:
3384:
3093:
1926:
844:
778:
772:
5180:
4997:
4819:
4587:
4132:
3932:
3857:
3287:
760:
725:
in subfamily
Danaeoideae and the remaining genera in subfamily Marattioideae, but this subfamilial classification was not taken up by PPG I.
4020:
3410:
2773:
1702:
Murdock, Andrew G. (2008). "A taxonomic revision of the eusporangiate fern family
Marattiaceae, with description of a new genus Ptisana".
3404:
766:
2889:
1327:
Marattiaceae are considered one of the most primitive living lineages of ferns. The earliest members of the family appeared during the
754:
5141:
4767:
4522:
3330:
5167:
4984:
4806:
4574:
4535:
1416:
1512:
5172:
4989:
4811:
4579:
452:
as "para" now has been placed in this genus. Sometimes called the potato fern, this is a large fern with an edible fleshy
1919:
3280:
5002:
1415:
Smith, Alan R.; Pryer, Kathleen M.; Schuettpelz, Eric; Korall, Petra; Schneider, Harald & Wolf, Paul G. (2006).
5059:
4904:
1969:
422:. Terminal segments usually have a prominent suture where they attach. The sporangia lack the labiate apertures of
5185:
4824:
4592:
1964:
1331:, over 300 million years ago. The group has an extensive fossil record extending from the Carboniferous into the
4641:
1729:
Lehtonen, Samuli; Poczai, Péter; Sablok, Gaurav; Hyvönen, Jaakko; Karger, Dirk N.; Flores, Jorge (26 May 2020).
196:
3309:
2048:
2038:
2021:
1912:
1534:(Marattiaceae) revisited: biodiversity, a new classification and ten new species of a neotropical fern genus"
3335:
3325:
3273:
517:
285:
5115:
4945:
4718:
466:
316:
is formed from a group of cells as opposed to a leptosporangium in which there is a single initial cell.
122:
4636:
4514:
4488:
475:
374:
4540:
5195:
5064:
5012:
4909:
4834:
4602:
430:, and synangia are deeply cut. The name of the genus derives from the resemblance of the synangia to
1782:
Nitta, Joel H.; Schuettpelz, Eric; Ramírez-Barahona, Santiago; Iwasaki, Wataru; et al. (2022).
674:
and has one order, Marattiales, one family, Marattiaceae, six genera, and an estimated 111 species.
3320:
1904:
212:
418:
genus. These plants are 2-4 times pinnate, with fronds often comparable in size to those found in
5106:
4509:
2053:
1856:
5208:
4860:
377:
in 1860. From there it was able to distribute itself throughout the eastern half of the island.
5236:
5038:
4976:
4628:
4483:
4435:
4397:
5203:
5033:
4855:
4709:
4623:
4566:
2016:
1237:
1150:
925:
685:
470:
461:
4883:
4798:
4501:
3254:
1466:"Sporogenesis in Eusporangiate Ferns: I. Monoplastidic Meiosis in Angiopteris (Marattiales)"
5231:
5025:
4958:
4847:
4741:
4615:
4457:
3249:
2995:
1477:
615:
533:
8:
3631:
2414:
2397:
2307:
2155:
1481:
4891:
4662:
4496:
3432:
3315:
2690:
2441:
2424:
2266:
2150:
2145:
2033:
2011:
1999:
1974:
1810:
1783:
1764:
1676:
1651:
1465:
1439:
1394:
1312:
353:
309:
235:
117:
101:
5020:
4842:
4610:
4444:
4329:
4268:
4107:
3486:
3480:
3156:
3057:
3045:
2868:
2582:
2402:
2333:
2323:
2253:
2043:
2006:
1994:
1984:
1815:
1768:
1756:
1681:
1590:
1573:
1550:
1529:
1508:
1447:
1398:
449:
4896:
4667:
4449:
4344:
4339:
4288:
4278:
4263:
4258:
4244:
3955:
3592:
3554:
3069:
3063:
3027:
2710:
2572:
2457:
2358:
1958:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1805:
1795:
1746:
1711:
1671:
1663:
1621:
1585:
1565:
1545:
1485:
1431:
1384:
436:
358:
308:
of any fern. The
Marattiaceae is one of two groups of ferns traditionally known as
5120:
4950:
4723:
5091:
4694:
4334:
4324:
4190:
4184:
4117:
3947:
3749:
3562:
3548:
3525:
3418:
3161:
3144:
3051:
2577:
2560:
2343:
2302:
2170:
2160:
2140:
1569:
667:
319:
The large fronds characteristic of the group are most readily found in the genus
4936:
4273:
4211:
3984:
3741:
3519:
3464:
3375:
3081:
3021:
2895:
2862:
2820:
2733:
2661:
2656:
2604:
2074:
1989:
1936:
1609:
578:
543:
521:
334:
147:
1626:
288:
classification of 2016 (PPG I), Marattiales is the only order in the subclass
5225:
4420:
4364:
4156:
4112:
3979:
3965:
3505:
3171:
3015:
2978:
2935:
2848:
2824:
2641:
2363:
2338:
2220:
2165:
1800:
1328:
663:
381:
362:
59:
5051:
4873:
4654:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4283:
4216:
4206:
4198:
4175:
4082:
4071:
4047:
4032:
3702:
3643:
3232:
3087:
3075:
2815:
2646:
2636:
2436:
2388:
2261:
1819:
1760:
1685:
529:
431:
415:
4733:
5154:
5100:
4780:
4703:
4548:
4429:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4232:
4226:
4161:
4151:
4146:
4122:
4057:
4042:
3999:
3989:
3937:
3770:
3731:
3604:
3039:
3033:
2828:
2809:
2767:
2717:
2524:
2467:
2408:
2353:
2286:
2236:
2206:
2188:
2180:
1667:
1610:"A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns"
1227:
1167:
966:
736:
679:
556:
441:
419:
326:
321:
34:
1899:
1833:
1608:
Christenhusz, Maarten; Zhang, Xian-Chun & Schneider, Harald (2011).
1443:
5146:
4092:
4037:
3923:
3723:
3239:
3166:
3134:
3120:
3103:
2651:
2328:
2117:
2108:
1881:
1781:
1715:
1574:"A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III"
1489:
501:
399:
330:
313:
79:
44:
5159:
3265:
1751:
1730:
1389:
1372:
483:. Despite the relatively diminutive size of plants in this genus, the
5128:
4785:
4754:
4553:
4470:
2904:
2800:
2666:
2550:
2348:
2128:
2097:
1435:
730:
671:
525:
392:
in the strict sense is found in the neotropics and Hawaii. The genus
304:. Many of them have massive, fleshy rootstocks and the largest known
301:
84:
4527:
4391:
1934:
1373:"A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns"
705:
to be paraphyletic, and the genus has been split into three genera,
5085:
5046:
4930:
4868:
4772:
4688:
4649:
4414:
3176:
2609:
2592:
2028:
1332:
1267:
1257:
1126:
1076:
949:
875:
711:
697:
505:
394:
388:
74:
69:
54:
49:
39:
5133:
4759:
4475:
1287:
Several other genera have been named in the
Marattiaceae, namely:
728:
This fern group has a long fossil history with many extinct taxa (
3129:
2832:
2631:
2088:
1277:
1093:
892:
717:
484:
453:
445:
410:
348:
89:
64:
4963:
406:
usually only have one frond per plant per year (sometimes two).
1857:"Marattiaceae synangia from the Lower Cretaceous of Antarctica"
1247:
1044:
818:
691:
496:
370:
366:
2523:
4746:
4462:
3362:
3356:
3115:
2528:
2226:
1940:
305:
134:
3296:
2900:
2619:
1728:
1414:
344:
277:
167:
157:
2228:
1607:
456:
that is used as a food source by some indigenous peoples.
469:
is an uncommon fern with distinctive fronds resembling a
337:. These fronds may be up to 9 meters long in the species
1650:
Christenhusz, Maarten J.M. & Chase, Mark W. (2014).
1507:(2 ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 177.
1942:
1855:
Vera, Ezequiel I.; Césari, Silvia N. (December 2016).
701:), but phylogenetic analysis has determined the genus
1222:
Six genera are accepted in the PPG I classification:
677:
There have long been four traditional extant genera (
1784:"An Open and Continuously Updated Fern Tree of Life"
1410:
1408:
2750:
793:Exploring the phylogeny of the marattialean ferns
2699:
2423:
1733:Exploring the phylogeny of the marattialean ferns
1649:
1405:
524:(ferns), to which it is related as shown in this
5223:
2252:
1834:"Tree viewer: interactive visualization of FTOL"
1603:
1601:
2931:
2881:
2530:
465:is named in honor of the Danish pteridologist
357:is widely naturalized and is registered as an
3281:
2072:
1920:
1598:
1652:"Trends and concepts in fern classification"
1645:
1643:
1527:
656:
491:are the largest known in the plant kingdom.
1564:
1463:
3769:
3288:
3274:
3245:
1927:
1913:
1854:
100:
2799:
2548:
1880:
1809:
1799:
1750:
1675:
1640:
1625:
1589:
1558:
1549:
1388:
1697:
1695:
1578:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
1538:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
1505:Green Plants: Their Origin and Diversity
1335:, but post-Jurassic records are scarce.
3295:
1701:
1322:
5224:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1348:
361:. The plant was introduced by Captain
276:is the only family of extant (living)
4396:
4395:
3269:
2522:
1908:
1861:Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology
1692:
1521:
1496:
1370:
5196:edd5c7e3-ed57-47fb-9315-80510e3ca1f8
5013:85fe40bb-c1d9-44a9-ab37-0704e7c0f410
4835:f2238550-7034-4978-bcf0-1a9138afcdc8
4603:ad90d246-c2fb-4f8a-bb10-fc150ba917ef
1502:
1377:Journal of Systematics and Evolution
1417:"A classification for extant ferns"
1345:
13:
4642:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77126774-1
1464:Brown, Roy C.; Lemmon, BE (2001).
14:
5248:
1893:
1311:. These are currently treated as
3244:
1591:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.01002.x
1551:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2010.01061.x
721:. Christenhusz and Chase placed
479:, meaning horse-chestnut-leaved
121:
32:
1848:
1826:
1775:
1722:
3255:Current definitions of Plantae
1873:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2016.09.007
1457:
295:
1:
1528:Christenhusz, M.J.M. (2010).
1338:
518:Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group
286:Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group
7:
511:
226:
10:
5253:
1788:Frontiers in Plant Science
476:Christensenia aesculifolia
375:Castleton Botanical Garden
5075:
4920:
4678:
4404:
4317:
4251:
4239:
4225:
4197:
4183:
4174:
4131:
4100:
4091:
4056:
3998:
3964:
3946:
3922:
3834:
3827:
3762:
3740:
3722:
3715:
3603:
3543:
3536:
3497:
3472:
3463:
3373:
3348:
3344:
3304:
3227:
3143:
3102:
2991:
2976:
2927:
2918:
2877:
2857:
2846:
2795:
2786:
2746:
2731:
2727:
2687:
2683:
2618:
2591:
2559:
2544:
2540:
2518:
2466:
2450:
2432:
2386:
2382:
2316:
2295:
2283:
2279:
2248:
2219:
2197:
2179:
2127:
2107:
2087:
2083:
2068:
1952:
1900:Tree of Life Marattiaceae
1627:10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.2
1470:Journal of Plant Research
1164:
1147:
1140:
1123:
1116:
1090:
1073:
1066:
1059:
1041:
1033:
963:
946:
939:
922:
915:
889:
872:
865:
858:
840:
833:
815:
807:
795:
792:
785:
657:History of classification
613:
598:
591:
576:
569:
554:
547:
241:
234:
224:
219:
118:Scientific classification
116:
108:
99:
23:
1801:10.3389/fpls.2022.909768
473:leaf, hence the species
340:Angiopteris teysmanniana
373:and cultivated in the
5204:Paleobiology Database
5034:Paleobiology Database
4856:Paleobiology Database
4624:Paleobiology Database
4009:Acrostichopteridaceae
709:in the strict sense,
508:dehiscing via pores.
459:The East-Asian genus
369:as a staple food for
3250:List of plant orders
3130:Pinopsida (conifers)
3116:Cycadopsida (cycads)
3108:(living gymnosperms)
2605:Leiosporocerotopsida
2324:Nephroselmidophyceae
1836:. FTOL v1.4.0 . 2023
1503:Bell, Peter (2000).
1323:Evolutionary history
30:Carboniferous–Recent
3846:Anachoropteridaceae
3692:Gondwanostachyaceae
3662:Manchurostachyaceae
3632:Archaeocalamitaceae
3439:Pseudosporochnaceae
2958:Archaeopteridopsida
2691:Polysporangiophytes
2415:Klebsormidiophyceae
2398:Mesostigmatophyceae
2344:Chlorodendrophyceae
2308:Pyramimonadophyceae
2262:Prasinodermophyceae
2156:Compsopogonophyceae
1482:2001JPlR..114..223B
312:, meaning that the
310:eusporangiate ferns
4264:Rhachidosoridaceae
3872:Botryopteridiaceae
3852:Psalixochlaenaceae
3840:Anachoropteridales
3614:Asterocalamitaceae
3433:Pseudosporochnales
3149:(flowering plants)
3070:Lyginopteridopsida
2863:Eophyllophytopsida
2816:Zosterophyllopsida
2754:Paratracheophytes*
2532:sensu strictissimo
2442:Coleochaetophyceae
2425:Phragmoplastophyta
2267:Palmophyllophyceae
2189:Glaucocystophyceae
2151:Stylonematophyceae
2146:Porphyridiophyceae
1935:Classification of
1716:10.1002/tax.573007
1668:10.1093/aob/mct299
1490:10.1007/PL00013986
796:Fern Tree of Life
500:is endemic to the
354:Angiopteris evecta
250:Christenseniaceae
110:Angiopteris evecta
5219:
5218:
5021:Open Tree of Life
4843:Open Tree of Life
4611:Open Tree of Life
4398:Taxon identifiers
4389:
4388:
4385:
4384:
4381:
4380:
4377:
4376:
4373:
4372:
4330:Didymochlaenaceae
4269:Diplaziopsidaceae
4170:
4169:
4108:Thyrsopteridaceae
4101:Thyrsopteridineae
4078:Hydropteridiaceae
4027:Stachypteridaceae
3912:Urnatopteridaceae
3886:Senftenbergiaceae
3866:Botryopteridiales
3823:
3822:
3780:Knorripteridaceae
3758:
3757:
3711:
3710:
3686:Echinostachyaceae
3569:Aspidostachyaceae
3487:Stauropteridaceae
3473:†Stauropterididae
3263:
3262:
3223:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3207:
3206:
3203:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3191:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3157:Basal angiosperms
3058:Gigantopteridales
3007:seed plant groups
3005:and other extinct
2972:
2971:
2946:Noeggerathiopsida
2914:
2913:
2869:Trimerophytopsida
2842:
2841:
2782:
2781:
2738:(vascular plants)
2703:Protracheophytes*
2679:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2642:Andreaeobryopsida
2583:Jungermanniopsida
2514:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2403:Chlorokybophyceae
2378:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2334:Chloropicophyceae
2275:
2274:
2254:Prasinodermophyta
2215:
2214:
1752:10.1111/cla.12419
1514:978-0-521-64109-8
1390:10.1111/jse.12229
1283:
1273:
1263:
1253:
1243:
1233:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1214:
1206:
1205:
1197:
1196:
1188:
1187:
1179:
1178:
1105:
1104:
1023:
1022:
1014:
1013:
1005:
1004:
996:
995:
987:
986:
978:
977:
904:
903:
653:
652:
644:
643:
635:
634:
626:
625:
434:. The king fern,
271:
270:
265:
259:
253:
247:
244:Angiopteridaceae
215:
199:
183:
5244:
5212:
5211:
5199:
5198:
5189:
5188:
5176:
5175:
5163:
5162:
5150:
5149:
5137:
5136:
5124:
5123:
5111:
5110:
5109:
5096:
5095:
5094:
5068:
5067:
5055:
5054:
5042:
5041:
5029:
5028:
5016:
5015:
5006:
5005:
4993:
4992:
4980:
4979:
4967:
4966:
4954:
4953:
4941:
4940:
4939:
4913:
4912:
4900:
4899:
4887:
4886:
4877:
4876:
4864:
4863:
4851:
4850:
4838:
4837:
4828:
4827:
4815:
4814:
4802:
4801:
4789:
4788:
4776:
4775:
4763:
4762:
4750:
4749:
4737:
4736:
4727:
4726:
4714:
4713:
4712:
4699:
4698:
4697:
4671:
4670:
4658:
4657:
4645:
4644:
4632:
4631:
4619:
4618:
4606:
4605:
4596:
4595:
4583:
4582:
4570:
4569:
4557:
4556:
4544:
4543:
4531:
4530:
4518:
4517:
4505:
4504:
4492:
4491:
4479:
4478:
4466:
4465:
4453:
4452:
4440:
4439:
4438:
4425:
4424:
4423:
4393:
4392:
4345:Nephrolepidaceae
4340:Lomariopsidaceae
4289:Thelypteridaceae
4279:Desmophlebiaceae
4259:Cystopteridaceae
4245:Dennstaedtiaceae
4240:Dennstaedtiineae
4181:
4180:
4098:
4097:
3956:Hymenophyllaceae
3906:Discopteridaceae
3894:Urnatopteridales
3880:Senftenbergiales
3832:
3831:
3767:
3766:
3720:
3719:
3668:Notocalamitaceae
3656:Konnostachyaceae
3638:Paracalamitaceae
3620:Autophyllitaceae
3593:Sphenophyllaceae
3581:Boegendorfiaceae
3575:Boegendorfiaceae
3555:Pseudoborniaceae
3541:
3540:
3481:Stauropteridales
3470:
3469:
3425:Iridopteridaceae
3346:
3345:
3331:Acrogymnospermae
3290:
3283:
3276:
3267:
3266:
3248:
3247:
3162:Core angiosperms
3150:
3109:
3104:Acrogymnospermae
3082:Peltaspermopsida
3064:Glossopteridales
3046:Corystospermales
3028:Callistophytales
3008:
3000:
2994:
2989:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2952:Aneurophytopsida
2934:
2929:
2928:
2925:
2924:
2921:
2879:
2878:
2855:
2854:
2851:
2810:Barinophytopsida
2797:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2789:
2753:
2748:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2740:
2739:
2729:
2728:
2711:Horneophytopsida
2702:
2697:
2696:
2693:
2685:
2684:
2625:
2610:Anthocerotopsida
2598:
2593:Anthocerotophyta
2573:Haplomitriopsida
2566:
2557:
2556:
2553:
2546:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2534:
2520:
2519:
2473:
2464:
2463:
2458:Zygnematophyceae
2448:
2447:
2430:
2429:
2421:
2420:
2391:
2384:
2383:
2359:Trebouxiophyceae
2329:Picocystophyceae
2293:
2292:
2289:
2281:
2280:
2250:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2242:
2232:
2134:
2085:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2077:
2070:
2069:
1981:
1961:
1946:
1929:
1922:
1915:
1906:
1905:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1813:
1803:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1754:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1699:
1690:
1689:
1679:
1656:Annals of Botany
1647:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1634:
1629:
1605:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1570:Reveal, James L.
1562:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1525:
1519:
1518:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1446:. Archived from
1436:10.2307/25065646
1421:
1412:
1403:
1402:
1392:
1368:
1281:
1271:
1261:
1251:
1241:
1231:
1143:
1142:
1119:
1118:
1069:
1068:
1062:
1061:
1036:
1035:
1029:
1028:
942:
941:
918:
917:
868:
867:
861:
860:
836:
835:
810:
809:
803:
802:
790:
789:
594:
593:
572:
571:
550:
549:
540:
539:
467:Carl Christensen
437:Ptisana salicina
359:invasive species
263:
257:
251:
245:
211:
195:
181:
126:
125:
104:
94:
31:
27:Temporal range:
21:
20:
5252:
5251:
5247:
5246:
5245:
5243:
5242:
5241:
5222:
5221:
5220:
5215:
5207:
5202:
5194:
5192:
5184:
5179:
5171:
5166:
5158:
5153:
5145:
5140:
5132:
5127:
5119:
5114:
5105:
5104:
5099:
5090:
5089:
5084:
5071:
5063:
5058:
5050:
5045:
5037:
5032:
5024:
5019:
5011:
5009:
5001:
4996:
4988:
4983:
4975:
4970:
4962:
4957:
4949:
4944:
4935:
4934:
4929:
4916:
4908:
4903:
4895:
4890:
4882:
4880:
4872:
4867:
4859:
4854:
4846:
4841:
4833:
4831:
4823:
4818:
4810:
4805:
4797:
4792:
4784:
4779:
4771:
4766:
4758:
4753:
4745:
4740:
4732:
4730:
4722:
4717:
4708:
4707:
4702:
4693:
4692:
4687:
4674:
4666:
4661:
4653:
4648:
4640:
4635:
4627:
4622:
4614:
4609:
4601:
4599:
4591:
4586:
4578:
4573:
4565:
4560:
4552:
4547:
4539:
4534:
4526:
4521:
4513:
4508:
4500:
4495:
4487:
4482:
4474:
4469:
4461:
4456:
4448:
4443:
4434:
4433:
4428:
4419:
4418:
4413:
4400:
4390:
4369:
4335:Dryopteridaceae
4325:Hypodematiaceae
4313:
4247:
4235:
4221:
4193:
4191:Saccolomataceae
4185:Saccolomatineae
4166:
4127:
4118:Plagiogyriaceae
4087:
4067:Heroleandraceae
4052:
4015:Cynepteridaceae
3994:
3975:Oligocarpiaceae
3960:
3948:Hymenophyllales
3942:
3918:
3900:Crossothecaceae
3819:
3810:Danaeopsidaceae
3804:Asterothecaceae
3792:Ptychocarpaceae
3786:Pecopteridaceae
3754:
3750:Ophioglossaceae
3736:
3707:
3680:Sorocaulinaceae
3674:Schizoneuraceae
3650:Apocalamitaceae
3599:
3587:Eviostachyaceae
3563:Sphenophyllales
3549:Pseudoborniales
3532:
3526:Zygopteridaceae
3498:†Zygopterididae
3493:
3459:
3419:Iridopteridales
3369:
3340:
3321:Marchantiophyta
3300:
3294:
3264:
3259:
3183:
3148:
3147:
3139:
3107:
3106:
3098:
3052:Czekanowskiales
3006:
3004:
3002:
3001:
2998:
2992:
2982:
2981:
2977:
2968:
2932:
2919:
2910:
2882:Moniliformopses
2873:
2847:
2838:
2788:Eutracheophytes
2787:
2778:
2751:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2723:
2700:
2688:
2671:
2662:Polytrichopsida
2657:Tetraphidopsida
2623:
2622:
2614:
2596:
2595:
2587:
2578:Marchantiopsida
2564:
2563:
2561:Marchantiophyta
2549:
2536:
2482:
2471:
2470:
2462:
2446:
2419:
2387:
2370:
2312:
2303:Mamiellophyceae
2284:
2271:
2240:
2234:
2224:
2223:
2211:
2193:
2175:
2171:Florideophyceae
2161:Rhodellophyceae
2141:Cyanidiophyceae
2132:
2131:
2123:
2103:
2073:
2064:
2063:
1979:
1957:
1948:
1933:
1896:
1891:
1890:
1853:
1849:
1839:
1837:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1780:
1776:
1727:
1723:
1700:
1693:
1648:
1641:
1632:
1630:
1606:
1599:
1563:
1559:
1526:
1522:
1515:
1501:
1497:
1462:
1458:
1450:
1419:
1413:
1406:
1369:
1346:
1341:
1325:
1301:Protangiopteris
1289:Archangiopteris
1216:
1207:
1198:
1189:
1180:
1106:
1024:
1015:
1006:
997:
988:
979:
905:
788:
668:James L. Reveal
659:
654:
645:
636:
627:
514:
302:temperate zones
298:
262:Kaulfussiaceae
210:
194:
180:
120:
95:
93:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
37:
29:
28:
25:
17:
16:Family of ferns
12:
11:
5:
5250:
5240:
5239:
5234:
5217:
5216:
5214:
5213:
5200:
5190:
5177:
5164:
5151:
5138:
5125:
5112:
5097:
5081:
5079:
5073:
5072:
5070:
5069:
5056:
5043:
5030:
5017:
5007:
4994:
4981:
4968:
4955:
4942:
4926:
4924:
4918:
4917:
4915:
4914:
4901:
4897:wfo-9000000314
4888:
4878:
4865:
4852:
4839:
4829:
4816:
4803:
4790:
4777:
4764:
4751:
4738:
4728:
4715:
4700:
4684:
4682:
4676:
4675:
4673:
4672:
4668:wfo-7000000362
4659:
4646:
4633:
4620:
4607:
4597:
4584:
4571:
4558:
4545:
4532:
4519:
4506:
4493:
4480:
4467:
4454:
4441:
4426:
4410:
4408:
4402:
4401:
4387:
4386:
4383:
4382:
4379:
4378:
4375:
4374:
4371:
4370:
4368:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4321:
4319:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4274:Hemidictyaceae
4271:
4266:
4261:
4255:
4253:
4249:
4248:
4243:
4241:
4237:
4236:
4231:
4229:
4223:
4222:
4220:
4219:
4214:
4212:Lonchitidaceae
4209:
4203:
4201:
4195:
4194:
4189:
4187:
4178:
4172:
4171:
4168:
4167:
4165:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4137:
4135:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4104:
4102:
4095:
4089:
4088:
4086:
4085:
4080:
4074:
4069:
4062:
4060:
4054:
4053:
4051:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4029:
4023:
4017:
4011:
4004:
4002:
3996:
3995:
3993:
3992:
3987:
3985:Gleicheniaceae
3982:
3977:
3970:
3968:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3958:
3952:
3950:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3940:
3935:
3928:
3926:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3916:
3915:
3914:
3908:
3902:
3890:
3889:
3888:
3876:
3875:
3874:
3862:
3861:
3860:
3854:
3848:
3835:
3829:
3825:
3824:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3817:
3812:
3806:
3800:
3798:Weichseliaceae
3794:
3788:
3782:
3775:
3773:
3764:
3760:
3759:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3752:
3746:
3744:
3742:Ophioglossales
3738:
3737:
3735:
3734:
3728:
3726:
3717:
3716:Ophioglossidae
3713:
3712:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3705:
3700:
3698:Tchernoviaceae
3694:
3688:
3682:
3676:
3670:
3664:
3658:
3652:
3646:
3640:
3634:
3628:
3626:Honseleriaceae
3622:
3616:
3609:
3607:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3597:
3596:
3595:
3589:
3583:
3577:
3571:
3559:
3558:
3557:
3544:
3538:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3530:
3529:
3528:
3520:Zygopteridales
3516:
3515:
3514:
3512:Rhacophytaceae
3501:
3499:
3495:
3494:
3492:
3491:
3490:
3489:
3476:
3474:
3467:
3465:Polypodiopsida
3461:
3460:
3458:
3457:
3456:
3455:
3443:
3442:
3441:
3429:
3428:
3427:
3415:
3414:
3413:
3401:
3400:
3399:
3393:
3380:
3378:
3376:Cladoxylopsida
3371:
3370:
3368:
3367:
3366:
3365:
3352:
3350:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3326:Polypodiophyta
3323:
3318:
3313:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3299:classification
3293:
3292:
3285:
3278:
3270:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3252:
3242:
3236:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3213:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3193:
3192:
3189:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3180:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3159:
3153:
3151:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3118:
3112:
3110:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3096:
3090:
3088:Pentoxylopsida
3084:
3078:
3072:
3066:
3060:
3054:
3048:
3042:
3036:
3030:
3024:
3022:Calamopityales
3018:
3011:
3009:
2986:
2979:Spermatophytes
2974:
2973:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2966:
2960:
2954:
2948:
2941:
2939:
2936:Progymnosperms
2922:
2916:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2908:
2901:Polypodiopsida
2898:
2896:Cladoxylopsida
2892:
2885:
2883:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2871:
2865:
2858:
2852:
2849:Euphyllophytes
2844:
2843:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2836:
2821:Lycopodiopsida
2818:
2812:
2805:
2803:
2790:
2784:
2783:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2776:
2770:
2764:
2762:Cooksoniopsida
2757:
2755:
2741:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2721:
2713:
2706:
2704:
2694:
2681:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2652:Oedipodiopsida
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2628:
2626:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2612:
2607:
2601:
2599:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2569:
2567:
2554:
2538:
2537:
2516:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2504:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2488:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2474:
2461:
2460:
2454:
2452:
2445:
2444:
2439:
2433:
2427:
2418:
2417:
2412:
2405:
2400:
2394:
2392:
2380:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2368:
2367:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2320:
2318:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2310:
2305:
2299:
2297:
2296:Prasinophytina
2290:
2277:
2276:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2269:
2264:
2258:
2256:
2243:
2217:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2209:
2203:
2201:
2199:incertae sedis
2195:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2185:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2137:
2135:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2121:
2113:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2093:
2091:
2078:
2075:Archaeplastida
2066:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2059:
2058:
2057:
2054:Mesomycetozoea
2051:
2046:
2036:
2026:
2025:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
2003:
2002:
1990:Diaphoretickes
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1954:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1937:Archaeplastida
1932:
1931:
1924:
1917:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1895:
1894:External links
1892:
1889:
1888:
1847:
1825:
1774:
1745:(6): 569–593.
1721:
1710:(3): 737–755.
1691:
1662:(9): 571–594.
1639:
1597:
1584:(2): 122–127.
1566:Chase, Mark W.
1557:
1544:(3): 360–385.
1520:
1513:
1495:
1476:(3): 223–235.
1456:
1453:on 2008-02-26.
1430:(3): 705–731.
1404:
1383:(6): 563–603.
1371:PPG I (2016).
1343:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1324:
1321:
1285:
1284:
1274:
1264:
1254:
1244:
1234:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1146:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1122:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1072:
1067:
1065:
1060:
1058:
1057:Marattioideae
1054:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1040:
1034:
1032:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1003:
1002:
999:
998:
994:
993:
990:
989:
985:
984:
981:
980:
976:
975:
972:
971:
962:
959:
958:
955:
954:
945:
940:
938:
935:
934:
931:
930:
921:
916:
914:
911:
910:
907:
906:
902:
901:
898:
897:
888:
885:
884:
881:
880:
871:
866:
864:
859:
857:
854:
853:
850:
849:
839:
834:
832:
831:Marattioideae
828:
827:
824:
823:
814:
808:
806:
801:
798:
797:
794:
787:
784:
658:
655:
651:
650:
647:
646:
642:
641:
638:
637:
633:
632:
629:
628:
624:
623:
620:
619:
612:
609:
608:
605:
604:
597:
592:
590:
587:
586:
583:
582:
579:Ophioglossidae
575:
570:
568:
565:
564:
561:
560:
553:
548:
546:
544:Polypodiopsida
538:
522:Polypodiopsida
513:
510:
471:horse chestnut
382:euphyllophytes
297:
294:
269:
268:
267:
266:
260:
254:
248:
239:
238:
232:
231:
222:
221:
217:
216:
205:
201:
200:
189:
185:
184:
175:
171:
170:
168:Polypodiopsida
165:
161:
160:
158:Polypodiophyta
155:
151:
150:
145:
138:
137:
132:
128:
127:
114:
113:
106:
105:
97:
96:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
33:
26:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5249:
5238:
5237:Fern families
5235:
5233:
5230:
5229:
5227:
5210:
5205:
5201:
5197:
5191:
5187:
5182:
5178:
5174:
5169:
5165:
5161:
5156:
5152:
5148:
5143:
5139:
5135:
5130:
5126:
5122:
5117:
5113:
5108:
5107:Marattiopsida
5102:
5098:
5093:
5087:
5083:
5082:
5080:
5078:
5077:Marattiopsida
5074:
5066:
5061:
5057:
5053:
5048:
5044:
5040:
5035:
5031:
5027:
5022:
5018:
5014:
5008:
5004:
4999:
4995:
4991:
4986:
4982:
4978:
4973:
4969:
4965:
4960:
4956:
4952:
4947:
4943:
4938:
4932:
4928:
4927:
4925:
4923:
4919:
4911:
4906:
4902:
4898:
4893:
4889:
4885:
4879:
4875:
4870:
4866:
4862:
4857:
4853:
4849:
4844:
4840:
4836:
4830:
4826:
4821:
4817:
4813:
4808:
4804:
4800:
4795:
4791:
4787:
4782:
4778:
4774:
4769:
4765:
4761:
4756:
4752:
4748:
4743:
4739:
4735:
4729:
4725:
4720:
4716:
4711:
4705:
4701:
4696:
4690:
4686:
4685:
4683:
4681:
4677:
4669:
4664:
4660:
4656:
4651:
4647:
4643:
4638:
4634:
4630:
4625:
4621:
4617:
4612:
4608:
4604:
4598:
4594:
4589:
4585:
4581:
4576:
4572:
4568:
4563:
4559:
4555:
4550:
4546:
4542:
4537:
4533:
4529:
4524:
4520:
4516:
4511:
4507:
4503:
4498:
4494:
4490:
4485:
4481:
4477:
4472:
4468:
4464:
4459:
4455:
4451:
4446:
4442:
4437:
4431:
4427:
4422:
4416:
4412:
4411:
4409:
4407:
4403:
4399:
4394:
4366:
4365:Polypodiaceae
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4322:
4320:
4318:Polypodiineae
4316:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4256:
4254:
4250:
4246:
4242:
4238:
4234:
4230:
4228:
4224:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4204:
4202:
4200:
4196:
4192:
4188:
4186:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4173:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4157:Dicksoniaceae
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4139:
4138:
4136:
4134:
4130:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4113:Loxsomataceae
4111:
4109:
4106:
4105:
4103:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4090:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4059:
4055:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4030:
4028:
4024:
4022:
4018:
4016:
4012:
4010:
4006:
4005:
4003:
4001:
3997:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3980:Dipteridaceae
3978:
3976:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3967:
3966:Gleicheniales
3963:
3957:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3949:
3945:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3925:
3921:
3913:
3909:
3907:
3903:
3901:
3897:
3896:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3882:
3881:
3877:
3873:
3869:
3868:
3867:
3863:
3859:
3855:
3853:
3849:
3847:
3843:
3842:
3841:
3837:
3836:
3833:
3830:
3826:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3807:
3805:
3801:
3799:
3795:
3793:
3789:
3787:
3783:
3781:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3772:
3768:
3765:
3761:
3751:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3743:
3739:
3733:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3725:
3721:
3718:
3714:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3695:
3693:
3689:
3687:
3683:
3681:
3677:
3675:
3671:
3669:
3665:
3663:
3659:
3657:
3653:
3651:
3647:
3645:
3641:
3639:
3635:
3633:
3629:
3627:
3623:
3621:
3617:
3615:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3606:
3602:
3594:
3590:
3588:
3584:
3582:
3578:
3576:
3572:
3570:
3566:
3565:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3551:
3550:
3546:
3545:
3542:
3539:
3535:
3527:
3523:
3522:
3521:
3517:
3513:
3509:
3508:
3507:
3506:Rhacophytales
3503:
3502:
3500:
3496:
3488:
3484:
3483:
3482:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3462:
3454:
3453:Steloxylaceae
3450:
3449:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3435:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3421:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3407:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3397:Voelkeliaceae
3394:
3392:
3391:Cladoxylaceae
3388:
3387:
3386:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3377:
3372:
3364:
3360:
3359:
3358:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3307:
3306:
3303:
3298:
3291:
3286:
3284:
3279:
3277:
3272:
3271:
3268:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3243:
3241:
3237:
3234:
3230:
3229:
3226:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3146:
3142:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3124:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3105:
3101:
3095:
3091:
3089:
3085:
3083:
3079:
3077:
3073:
3071:
3067:
3065:
3061:
3059:
3055:
3053:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3041:
3037:
3035:
3031:
3029:
3025:
3023:
3019:
3017:
3016:Bennettitales
3013:
3012:
3010:
2997:
2996:Pteridosperms
2990:
2987:
2983:(seed plants)
2980:
2975:
2965:
2964:Protopityales
2961:
2959:
2955:
2953:
2949:
2947:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2930:
2926:
2923:
2917:
2906:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2893:
2891:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2870:
2866:
2864:
2860:
2859:
2856:
2853:
2850:
2845:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2813:
2811:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2791:
2785:
2775:
2771:
2769:
2765:
2763:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2749:
2745:
2742:
2735:
2734:Tracheophytes
2730:
2726:
2720:
2719:
2714:
2712:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2698:
2695:
2692:
2686:
2682:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2647:Andreaeopsida
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2621:
2617:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2594:
2590:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2562:
2558:
2555:
2552:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2533:
2526:
2521:
2517:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2472:(land plants)
2469:
2465:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2449:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2422:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2385:
2381:
2365:
2364:Chlorophyceae
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2339:Pedinophyceae
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2317:Chlorophytina
2315:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2282:
2278:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2244:
2238:
2233:
2231:
2222:
2221:Viridiplantae
2218:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2196:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2178:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2166:Bangiophyceae
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2130:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2071:
2067:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2030:
2027:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2017:Stramenopiles
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1980:(major groups
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1945:
1938:
1930:
1925:
1923:
1918:
1916:
1911:
1910:
1907:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1883:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1851:
1835:
1829:
1821:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1778:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1734:
1725:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1698:
1696:
1687:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1646:
1644:
1628:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1604:
1602:
1592:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1561:
1552:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1533:
1524:
1516:
1510:
1506:
1499:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1460:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1418:
1411:
1409:
1400:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1344:
1336:
1334:
1330:
1329:Carboniferous
1320:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1305:Protomarattia
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1249:
1245:
1240:
1239:
1238:Christensenia
1235:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1211:
1210:
1202:
1201:
1193:
1192:
1184:
1183:
1175:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1169:
1162:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1152:
1151:Christensenia
1145:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1128:
1121:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1101:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1095:
1088:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1078:
1071:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1046:
1038:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1019:
1018:
1010:
1009:
1001:
1000:
992:
991:
983:
982:
974:
973:
970:
969:
968:
961:
960:
957:
956:
953:
952:
951:
944:
943:
937:
936:
933:
932:
929:
928:
927:
926:Christensenia
920:
919:
913:
912:
909:
908:
900:
899:
896:
895:
894:
887:
886:
883:
882:
879:
878:
877:
870:
869:
863:
862:
856:
855:
852:
851:
848:
847:
846:
838:
837:
830:
829:
826:
825:
822:
821:
820:
812:
811:
805:
804:
800:
799:
791:
783:
781:
780:
775:
774:
769:
768:
763:
762:
757:
756:
751:
750:
749:Eoangiopteris
745:
744:
743:Scolecopteris
739:
738:
733:
732:
726:
724:
720:
719:
714:
713:
708:
704:
700:
699:
694:
693:
688:
687:
686:Christensenia
682:
681:
675:
673:
669:
665:
664:Mark W. Chase
649:
648:
640:
639:
631:
630:
622:
621:
618:
617:
611:
610:
607:
606:
603:
602:
596:
595:
589:
588:
585:
584:
581:
580:
574:
573:
567:
566:
563:
562:
559:
558:
552:
551:
545:
542:
541:
537:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
509:
507:
503:
499:
498:
492:
490:
489:Christensenia
486:
482:
481:Christensenia
478:
477:
472:
468:
464:
463:
462:Christensenia
457:
455:
451:
448:and known in
447:
446:South Pacific
443:
439:
438:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
416:paleotropical
413:
412:
407:
405:
401:
397:
396:
391:
390:
385:
383:
378:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
355:
350:
346:
342:
341:
336:
332:
328:
324:
323:
317:
315:
311:
307:
303:
293:
291:
287:
283:
280:in the order
279:
275:
261:
255:
249:
246:Fée ex Bommer
243:
242:
240:
237:
233:
230:
228:
223:
218:
214:
209:
206:
203:
202:
198:
193:
190:
187:
186:
179:
176:
173:
172:
169:
166:
163:
162:
159:
156:
153:
152:
149:
148:Tracheophytes
146:
143:
140:
139:
136:
133:
130:
129:
124:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
98:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
41:
36:
22:
19:
5076:
4921:
4679:
4502:Marattiaceae
4436:Marattiaceae
4406:Marattiaceae
4405:
4360:Davalliaceae
4355:Oleandraceae
4350:Tectariaceae
4284:Aspleniaceae
4252:Aspleniineae
4217:Lindsaeaceae
4207:Cystodiaceae
4199:Lindsaeineae
4176:Polypodiales
4142:Tanydoraceae
4083:Salviniaceae
4072:Marsileaceae
4048:Schizaeaceae
4033:Tempskyaceae
3828:Polypodiidae
3815:Marattiaceae
3814:
3703:Equisetaceae
3644:Calamitaceae
3447:Steloxylales
3385:Cladoxylales
3336:Angiospermae
3233:paraphyletic
3145:Angiospermae
3122:
3121:Ginkgoales (
3094:Petriellales
3076:Medullosales
3003:(seed ferns)
2716:
2637:Sphagnopsida
2632:Takakiopsida
2565:(liverworts)
2531:
2525:Embryophytes
2479:(see below↓)
2437:Charophyceae
2407:
2389:Streptophyta
2241:land plants)
2229:
2198:
2116:
2109:Rhodelphidia
2096:
2039:Opisthokonta
1943:
1864:
1860:
1850:
1838:. Retrieved
1828:
1791:
1787:
1777:
1742:
1738:
1732:
1724:
1707:
1703:
1659:
1655:
1631:. Retrieved
1617:
1613:
1581:
1577:
1560:
1541:
1537:
1531:
1523:
1504:
1498:
1473:
1469:
1459:
1448:the original
1427:
1423:
1380:
1376:
1326:
1316:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1297:Macroglossum
1296:
1292:
1288:
1286:
1276:
1266:
1256:
1246:
1236:
1226:
1221:
1166:
1165:
1149:
1148:
1125:
1124:
1092:
1091:
1075:
1074:
1043:
1042:
1039:Danaeoideae
965:
964:
948:
947:
924:
923:
891:
890:
874:
873:
845:Marattiopsis
843:
841:
817:
816:
813:Danaeoideae
779:Ptychocarpus
777:
773:Marattiopsis
771:
765:
759:
753:
747:
741:
735:
729:
727:
722:
716:
710:
706:
702:
696:
690:
684:
678:
676:
660:
616:Polypodiidae
614:
600:
599:
577:
555:
534:Polypodiidae
530:sister group
515:
495:
493:
488:
480:
474:
460:
458:
435:
432:pearl barley
427:
423:
409:
408:
403:
393:
387:
386:
379:
352:
351:the species
338:
325:, native to
320:
318:
299:
289:
281:
274:Marattiaceae
273:
272:
225:
208:Marattiaceae
207:
191:
177:
141:
109:
24:Marattiaceae
18:
5232:Marattiidae
5155:iNaturalist
5101:Wikispecies
4922:Marattiidae
4781:iNaturalist
4710:Marattiales
4704:Wikispecies
4680:Marattiales
4549:iNaturalist
4430:Wikispecies
4309:Athyriaceae
4304:Blechnaceae
4299:Onocleaceae
4294:Woodsiaceae
4233:Pteridaceae
4227:Pteridineae
4162:Cyatheaceae
4152:Cibotiaceae
4147:Metaxyaceae
4133:Cyatheineae
4123:Culcitaceae
4058:Salviniales
4043:Lygodiaceae
4000:Schizaeales
3990:Matoniaceae
3938:Osmundaceae
3933:Guaireaceae
3858:Sermayaceae
3771:Marattiales
3763:Marattiidae
3732:Psilotaceae
3605:Equisetales
3537:Equisetidae
3349:Basal clade
3308:Supergroup
3040:Cordaitales
3034:Caytoniales
2920:Lignophytes
2903:(ferns and
2829:spikemosses
2768:Rhyniopsida
2718:Aglaophyton
2597:(hornworts)
2468:Embryophyta
2451:Anydrophyta
2409:Spirotaenia
2354:Ulvophyceae
2287:Chlorophyta
2237:green algae
2207:Algospongia
2181:Glaucophyta
2133:(red algae)
1882:11336/46831
1317:Angiopteris
1309:Psilodochea
1228:Angiopteris
1168:Angiopteris
967:Angiopteris
761:Marantoidea
737:Asterotheca
680:Angiopteris
601:Marattiidae
557:Equisetidae
442:New Zealand
420:Angiopteris
400:neotropical
327:Australasia
322:Angiopteris
296:Description
290:Marattiidae
282:Marattiales
256:Danaeaceae
192:Marattiales
178:Marattiidae
5226:Categories
4093:Cyatheales
4038:Anemiaceae
4021:Klukiaceae
3924:Osmundales
3724:Psilotales
3411:Hyeniaceae
3167:Magnoliids
3135:Gnetopsida
2905:horsetails
2833:quillworts
2825:clubmosses
2801:Lycophytes
2774:Renaliales
2551:Bryophytes
2129:Rhodophyta
2118:Rhodelphis
1794:: 909768.
1633:2013-08-11
1339:References
528:, being a
502:Neotropics
494:The genus
384:to do so.
331:Madagascar
314:sporangium
174:Subclass:
154:Division:
5092:Q12967693
5052:100352368
4874:100000980
4695:Q15708883
3405:Hyeniales
3363:Ibykaceae
3316:Bryophyta
2667:Bryopsida
2620:Bryophyta
2349:UTC clade
2098:Picomonas
2034:Amoebozoa
2012:Alveolata
2000:Cryptista
1975:Eukaryota
1769:219058070
1614:Phytotaxa
1293:Clementea
782:, etc.).
767:Danaeites
731:Psaronius
672:monotypic
526:cladogram
284:. In the
131:Kingdom:
5086:Wikidata
5047:Tropicos
4977:11907105
4937:Q6755062
4931:Wikidata
4869:Tropicos
4731:BioLib:
4689:Wikidata
4655:42000420
4650:Tropicos
4415:Wikidata
3357:Ibykales
3177:Eudicots
3172:Monocots
2890:Ibykales
2624:(mosses)
2529:Plantae
2227:Plantae
2029:Amorphea
2007:Rhizaria
1995:Hacrobia
1985:Excavata
1970:Bacteria
1941:Plantae
1867:: 6–10.
1820:36092417
1761:34618987
1686:24532607
1620:: 7–54.
1572:(2009).
1444:25065646
1399:39980610
1333:Jurassic
1313:synonyms
1268:Marattia
1258:Eupodium
1127:Marattia
1077:Eupodium
950:Marattia
876:Eupodium
712:Eupodium
707:Marattia
703:Marattia
698:Marattia
512:Taxonomy
506:synangia
444:and the
428:Eupodium
424:Marattia
404:Eupodium
398:is also
395:Eupodium
389:Marattia
236:Synonyms
227:See text
204:Family:
5147:7228682
5003:1521259
4964:8796802
4421:Q178286
3240:extinct
2089:Picozoa
2044:Animals
1965:Archaea
1840:8 March
1811:9449725
1677:3936591
1478:Bibcode
1282:Murdock
1278:Ptisana
1094:Ptisana
893:Ptisana
755:Qasimia
718:Ptisana
516:in the
485:stomata
454:rhizome
440:, from
411:Ptisana
349:Jamaica
335:Oceania
220:Genera
188:Order:
164:Class:
135:Plantae
5209:263762
5193:NZOR:
5173:846527
5160:468061
5121:223522
5065:886377
5010:NZOR:
4990:846531
4951:224786
4910:886378
4884:446608
4881:uBio:
4861:404550
4832:NZOR:
4734:192120
4724:223059
4600:NZOR:
4567:113824
3235:groups
3123:Ginkgo
2831:&
2689:
2285:
2022:Plants
1959:Domain
1818:
1808:
1767:
1759:
1684:
1674:
1568:&
1532:Danaea
1511:
1442:
1397:
1248:Danaea
1232:Hoffm.
1045:Danaea
819:Danaea
786:Genera
723:Danaea
715:, and
692:Danaea
497:Danaea
371:slaves
367:Tahiti
306:fronds
264:Campb.
258:Agardh
213:Kaulf.
182:Klinge
112:frond
5186:74352
5134:1MATC
5060:WoRMS
5039:55184
5026:24283
4972:IRMNG
4905:WoRMS
4848:93167
4812:17210
4799:10113
4794:IRMNG
4786:51829
4760:1MATO
4629:54001
4616:93165
4580:17211
4562:IRMNG
4554:51830
4515:10536
4497:FoAO2
4489:10536
4476:1MATF
4450:B8VGX
3310:Plant
2239:&
2049:Fungi
1765:S2CID
1739:Taxon
1704:Taxon
1451:(PDF)
1440:JSTOR
1424:Taxon
1420:(PDF)
1395:S2CID
1262:J.Sm.
1242:Maxon
450:Māori
414:is a
365:from
363:Bligh
347:. In
278:ferns
252:Ching
142:Clade
5181:NCBI
5168:ITIS
5142:GBIF
5129:EPPO
5116:APNI
4998:NCBI
4985:ITIS
4946:APNI
4825:3264
4820:NCBI
4807:ITIS
4768:GBIF
4755:EPPO
4747:4500
4719:APNI
4637:POWO
4593:3265
4588:NCBI
4575:ITIS
4541:1256
4536:GRIN
4528:6628
4523:GBIF
4471:EPPO
4463:4501
3297:Fern
3238:† =
2230:s.s.
1944:s.l.
1842:2023
1816:PMID
1757:PMID
1682:PMID
1509:ISBN
1307:and
695:and
666:and
426:and
345:Java
333:and
197:Link
35:PreꞒ
4959:EoL
4892:WFO
4773:394
4742:EoL
4663:WFO
4510:FoC
4484:FNA
4458:EoL
4445:CoL
2527:or
2225:or
1939:or
1877:hdl
1869:doi
1865:235
1806:PMC
1796:doi
1747:doi
1712:doi
1672:PMC
1664:doi
1660:113
1622:doi
1586:doi
1582:161
1546:doi
1542:163
1486:doi
1474:114
1432:doi
1385:doi
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1272:Sw.
1252:Sm.
532:to
487:of
343:of
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