133:
513:
25:
617:, the building was transformed from the Film Center to the FHL's headquarters. The building was once respectable and housed the old members of the League. After a while, their leader, Supremo, went into a coma and soon after, most of the superheroes who were once part of the League went abroad. Less than a handful of superheroes remain and continue to conduct their superhero work in a shack in front of the now run down Film Center.
1794:
648:
help of a priest Fr. Marcelo, known for his radical cleansing methods and a group of spirit communicators. Anne and Fr. Marcelo lead the group in their mission only to discover too late that an evil presence took sanctuary inside the building long ago and fed on the anger and misery of the victims' souls. A bishop later helps with the task when Anne is possessed by the evil entity.
2726:
346:
An accident occurred around 3:00 a.m. on
November 17, 1981, during the construction of the Manila Film Center. The scaffolding collapsed, and at least 169 workers fell and were buried under quick-drying wet cement. A blanket of security was immediately imposed by the Marcos dictatorship. Neither
378:
The beginning of the end of the Marcos period was marked by the collapse of the scaffolding on the Manila Film Center, one of Imelda Marcos’s pet projects, as it was being rushed for completion. Several construction workers were killed, crushed by falling steel. The very buildings being presented as
647:
in 2009. The book first tells of the 1981 incident. It heads to 1999 when the government's plan to build an IMAX theater in the structure is handed to
Department of Tourism coordinator named Anne Marie "Annie" Francisco. The first priority is to rid the place of the trapped souls so she seeks the
314:
spearheaded the building of the first Manila Center. Under the supervision of Betty
Benitez, the spouse of then Deputy MHS Minister Jose Conrado Benitez, they organized a group to pursue the project. Ramon M. Ignacio, Senior Technology Officer at the Technology Resource Center, conceptualized the
318:
Among the Film Center's project components were: the 360-degree theater to show past and present historical and tourism scenes for future generations, the Film
Financing/Loan Program to address funding of meritable films, the Filipino Film Archiving using Digital Storage (though was little known
555:
building to the Film Center located only a few meters away. The proposed tenancy would cost significantly less than the current lease at the GSIS compound, which the senate had been renting from the
Philippine Government at an annual cost of 100 million pesos since 1997. On February 19, 2013, a
326:
Several ocular visits were done by Unesco in 1981 where they were responsible for major consultations needed in the structure's erection. The building was then designed to have two components which were the auditoria and archives. According to Hong, the foundation was set on reclaimed land near
331:. Since the deadline of the structure was tight, it required 4,000 workers, working in 3 shifts across 24 hours. One thousand workers constructed the lobby in 72 hours, a job which would normally entail six weeks of labor. The Film Center opened in 1982 costing an estimate of $ 25 million.
296:
The Manila Film Center served as the main theater for the First Manila
International Film Festival (MIFF) January 18–29, 1982. The building has also been the subject of controversies due to a fatal accident that happened on November 17, 1981. At least 169 workers fell and were buried under
606:, who was supposed to have been among the 169 workers buried alive in the accident at the construction of the Manila Film Center. The film also featured a spiritualist, Madame Vange, played by Tessie Tomas who performs in the Manila Film Center as an impersonator of First Lady
556:
three-hour fire damaged the film center. No casualties were reported, but structural damage was estimated at 1.2 million pesos. A year later, in
February 2014, the decision of the Senate to transfer to the Film Center was put on hold by then Senate President Franklin Drilon.
319:
during those times), Film
Database/Information system, Film Making and Blow Up Laboratory, Viewing rooms for the Board of Censors and other minor sub-components. Despite the futuristic and concept creativity of Ignacio, only two of the project components were actually done.
532:
and the film center's architect, Hong, were part of the strategic planning session on structure's renovation. The rehabilitation cost estimate in 2001 was approximately 300 million pesos, while the cost of erecting a brand new building was estimated at 1.8 billion pesos.
630:
invokes it in the song "Fabulous One" while criticizing the regime. The collapse's reference in the musical is somewhat erroneous, as the scene in question takes place in 1969, years before the incident's actual occurrence in 1981 while Aquino was in exile in
America.
528:, the center was abandoned, following reports of structural damage to load-bearing beams on the west side of the building. In 2001, then CCP President Armita Rufino announced a full rehabilitation program for the deteriorating Film Center. The
663:
as the bishop. The film however changes a few names; like the exorcism priest Fr. Marcelo is renamed Fr. Nilo. It is noted, however, that the actual Manila Film Center was not used for filming. The AFP Museum and Multi-Purpose
Theater in
564:
The Manila Film Center is said by believers to be haunted due to the 1981 accident that took place during the construction of the structure. The hauntings in relation to the tragedy were discussed in a 2006 episode of
350:
According to former CCP president Baltazar N. Endriga, architect Froilan Hong said that only seven died in the accident and that all of them "were retrieved and given the proper rites befitting the dead."
347:
rescuers nor ambulances were permitted on the site until an official statement had been prepared. The rescuers were eventually permitted to go inside the accident site nine hours after the collapse.
1545:
1430:
2500:
293:. The structure was designed by architect Froilan Hong where its edifice is supported on more than nine hundred piles which reaches to the bed-rock about 120 feet below.
1037:
388:
Amidst everything, the first Manila International film festival pushed through from the January 18 to 29, 1982. A total of 17 movies competed in the festival namely
3074:
1236:
854:
684:
1553:
3054:
2752:
3069:
1575:
1438:
552:
2384:
1814:
2862:
2495:
2354:
699:
374:
credits the Manila Film Center accident as one of the events which heralded the downfall of the Marcos dictatorship half a decade later, saying:
1167:
Benedicto, Bobby (2009). "Shared Spaces of Transnational Transit: Filipino Gay Tourists, Labour Migrants, and the Borders of Class Difference".
789:
Benedicto, Bobby (2009). "Shared Spaces of Transnational Transit: Filipino Gay Tourists, Labour Migrants, and the Borders of Class Difference".
310:
Prior to the Manila Film Center, the Philippines did not have an official national film archive which is why in January 1981, then first lady
1038:"Book Review: Edifice Complex: Power, Myth, and the Marcos State Architecture by Gerard Lico : Philippine Art, Culture and Antiquities"
1846:
183:
1686:
2887:
2073:
690:
The law also allowed an exclusive exemption of films shown at the Manila Film Center from censorship. The building was finished in 1982.
536:
After its renovation was completed, CPACEAI leased the theater from the Philippine government in October 2001. On December 10, 2001, the
671:
Both the novel and movie are loosely based on and inspired by the 1981 incident and the late 1990s Spirit Questors' visit to the place.
3064:
2762:
2734:
2415:
2405:
714:
282:
2548:
1442:
3023:
1011:
2063:
529:
464:
89:
888:
2515:
2359:
2223:
2098:
61:
1204:
824:
762:
3059:
2068:
1372:
1348:
1313:
1129:
985:
1660:
338:," a term defined by architect Gerard Lico as "an obsession and compulsion to build edifices as a hallmark of greatness."
68:
1798:
620:
The construction of the cultural center and subsequent construction accident are addressed in the Marcos-focused musical
42:
1809:
2298:
1520:
1246:
862:
704:
256:
108:
683:(P.D. 1986) which created a board of review for motion pictures and television. This entity was later known as the
501:
75:
2805:
2012:
1839:
2831:
2810:
2768:
2505:
2474:
2452:
429:
418:
323:'s assistance was invaluable in the design of the archives, so they were asked to be consultants of the project.
2877:
2369:
2364:
57:
46:
2172:
1739:
2872:
2779:
2541:
2510:
2490:
2420:
2078:
2053:
2002:
1268:
246:
1585:
2930:
2841:
2613:
2469:
363:
disapproved a $ 5 million subsidy which was originally intended for the film festival. Lacking in funding,
176:
1607:
2442:
2349:
1997:
1832:
709:
1091:
540:, produced by Amazing Philippines Theatre, opened to the public. All of the performers in the show were
2774:
2699:
2374:
2177:
2134:
1916:
1633:
602:, part of the plot hinges on the supposed death of the father of the main character, Lucas, played by
2083:
1638:
1241:
1063:
598:
594:
548:
1416:
2920:
2534:
2276:
1911:
622:
2836:
2379:
1921:
680:
581:
35:
379:
the icons of a bold new republic seemed to embody the corruption and incompetence of the regime.
82:
3079:
2826:
2668:
2557:
2464:
2389:
2283:
2245:
2193:
2038:
1951:
412:
1714:
975:
2689:
2603:
2432:
2288:
2240:
2141:
2124:
1936:
1889:
1869:
1403:
1341:
The edifice complex : how the rich and powerful - and their architects - shape the world
1305:
1298:
521:
401:
1804:
1435:
Inter-Agency Committee for Documenting and Establishing Database on the July 1990 Earthquake
918:
734:
2976:
2800:
2447:
2093:
1169:
1906:
8:
2925:
2892:
2784:
2458:
2425:
2229:
1941:
1819:
1580:
660:
436:
390:
132:
1982:
2962:
2681:
2318:
2119:
1874:
1186:
806:
493:
1824:
2882:
2213:
1855:
1376:
1354:
1344:
1309:
1190:
1125:
981:
810:
2313:
2303:
2103:
2007:
1987:
1926:
1764:
1467:
1214:
1178:
946:
832:
798:
423:
367:
created a contingency plan that would generate enough funds to cover the festival.
544:. Their lease expired in 2009, which forced the show to move to another facility.
2993:
2945:
2935:
2608:
2598:
2437:
2323:
2203:
2158:
2088:
1977:
1384:
1209:
1119:
1096:
335:
2625:
315:
project and its various components. He likewise prepared the feasibility study.
3013:
2747:
2328:
1956:
1879:
665:
652:
636:
603:
512:
497:
1182:
802:
775:– via Open Library, Published in 1982, Office of Media Affairs (Manila).
668:
doubled or filled in for the Manila Film Center's main theater and interiors.
3048:
2867:
2857:
2705:
2587:
2344:
2308:
2058:
1992:
1946:
1899:
1894:
1358:
607:
364:
311:
198:
185:
2619:
1492:
1124:. HI: University of Hawaii Press; illustrated edition. pp. 123 of 178.
980:. HI: University of Hawaii Press; illustrated edition. pp. 124 of 178.
3018:
2742:
2694:
2266:
2129:
2048:
2033:
2028:
1931:
1388:
1273:
656:
627:
446:
371:
360:
651:
A film adaption of Coronel's novel premiered on January 8, 2015. It stars
2969:
2660:
2208:
2043:
1972:
566:
541:
290:
169:
2250:
2218:
1884:
492:
claimed best picture. Best actress and best actor were brought home by
328:
735:"Manila National Film Centre, Page 2, Annex 1, Building Specification"
2940:
2293:
2271:
2235:
571:
396:
155:
24:
1815:
Cultural Center of the Philippines | The Manila Film Center Tragedy
1691:
1462:
1460:
2198:
2165:
1757:
576:
1380:
1793:
1661:"Senate puts on hold plan to look for permanent home (Feature)"
1457:
474:
320:
643:
Filipino author Gilbert M. Coronel released a novel entitled
525:
485:
286:
165:
2915:
2526:
1121:
Edifice complex: power, myth, and Marcos state architecture
977:
Edifice complex: power, myth, and Marcos state architecture
2725:
1373:"Manila International Film Festival, January 18–29, 1982"
235:
16:
Cultural archive and theater in Metro Manila, Philippines
1854:
1820:
ROGUE: The enduring nightmare of the Manila Film Center
919:"Manila National Film Centre, Page 1, Annex 1, History"
1431:"The July 16 Luzon Earthquake: A Technical Monograph"
913:
911:
909:
685:
Movie and Television Review and Classification Board
882:
880:
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1439:Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
1297:
281:is a building located at the southwest end of the
906:
679:In October 1985, a law was passed in the form of
383:
3046:
2385:Philippine International Pyromusical Competition
889:"The Mysterious Curse of the Manila Film Center"
877:
3075:Reportedly haunted locations in the Philippines
3037:denote buildings under construction or planned.
1631:
1269:"Account on the 1981 Manila Film Center deaths"
700:Cinemalaya Philippine Independent Film Festival
334:The building is identified with the Marcoses' "
1375:. HI: Office of Media Affairs (Manila). 1982.
1338:
530:Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH)
2542:
1840:
1810:1st Manila International Film Festival (MIFF)
1546:"Amazing Philippine Theater comes to Boracay"
1086:
1084:
674:
951:Philippine Headline News Online (Newsflash)
341:
3055:Theaters and concert halls in Metro Manila
2763:Philippine International Convention Center
2549:
2535:
2416:Philippine International Convention Center
2406:Cultural Center of the Philippines Complex
1847:
1833:
1300:Imelda, Steel Butterfly of the Philippines
715:Philippine International Convention Center
553:Government Service Insurance System (GSIS)
283:Cultural Center of the Philippines Complex
3070:Brutalist architecture in the Philippines
1334:
1332:
1166:
1081:
1064:"Imelda Marcos and her 'edifice complex'"
1062:Villa, Kathleen de (September 16, 2017).
886:
788:
784:
782:
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1805:Unesco - The Manila National Film Centre
1687:"Multo ng Nakaraan (Ghosts of the Past)"
969:
967:
511:
1608:"Senate transfer to Film Center bucked"
1365:
1295:
1289:
3047:
3024:Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange
2360:Cinemanila International Film Festival
2224:Ninoy Aquino Parks and Wildlife Center
1329:
779:
588:
500:respectively. Yugoslav film director
460:The Beloved Woman of Mechanic Gavrilov
2530:
1828:
1632:Jaymee T. Gamil (February 20, 2013).
1092:"Senate eyes Film Center as new home"
1061:
1006:
1004:
964:
887:de Guzman, Nicai (November 7, 2019).
559:
2099:Iglesia ni Cristo Museum and Gallery
1117:
973:
305:
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
1856:Visitor attractions in Metro Manila
1765:"Manila Film Center to Shine Again"
13:
2074:National Museum of Natural History
1035:
1001:
705:Cultural Center of the Philippines
470:There Was A War When I Was A Child
257:Cultural Center of the Philippines
14:
3091:
3065:Buildings and structures in Pasay
1786:
1634:"Film Center fire halts gay show"
1493:"Manila Film Center Shines again"
1468:"Manila Film Center Shines again"
947:"Manila Film Center Shines again"
634:
359:After the tragedy Prime Minister
2806:Philippine Trade Training Center
2724:
2013:Iglesia ni Cristo Central Temple
1792:
1665:balita.ph - Online Filipino News
575:and a 1991 Halloween Special of
524:that hit Manila and the rest of
137:The front exterior of the Center
131:
23:
2811:World Trade Center Metro Manila
2769:Sofitel Philippine Plaza Manila
2475:World Trade Center Metro Manila
2453:Newport Performing Arts Theater
2064:National Museum of Anthropology
1732:
1707:
1679:
1653:
1625:
1600:
1568:
1538:
1513:
1485:
1423:
1261:
1229:
1197:
1160:
1145:
1111:
1055:
1029:
767:. Office of Media Affairs. 1982
370:Design and architecture writer
34:needs additional citations for
2878:Manila International Auto Show
2370:Manila International Auto Show
1740:"Presidential Decree No. 1986"
1576:"An Amazing night of beauties"
939:
847:
817:
755:
727:
626:, where the show's version of
384:The First Manila Film Festival
1:
2916:Epifanio de los Santos Avenue
2873:Manila F.A.M.E. International
2780:Tanghalang Francisco Balagtas
2421:Tanghalang Francisco Balagtas
2230:Nayong Pilipino Cultural Park
1550:The Philippine Daily Inquirer
1521:"Amazing Philippines Theatre"
720:
507:
465:The French Lieutenant's Woman
247:Government of the Philippines
3060:Landmarks in the Philippines
2614:SMX Convention Center Manila
2556:
2470:SMX Convention Center Manila
2069:National Museum of Fine Arts
1304:. HI: Mcgraw-Hill. pp.
516:Sunset at Manila Film Center
354:
7:
2712:Westside City Resorts World
2700:Solaire Resort & Casino
2350:Feast of the Black Nazarene
2135:Solaire Resort & Casino
1343:. New York: Penguin Books.
1296:Ellison, Katherine (2003).
710:Manila Metropolitan Theater
693:
659:as priest Fr. Marcelo, and
551:considered moving from the
431:Los Viernes de la Eternidad
10:
3096:
2375:Metro Manila Film Festival
1917:Manila Central Post Office
615:The Filipino Heroes League
300:
3032:
3006:
2986:
2954:
2908:
2901:
2850:
2842:The King's School, Manila
2819:
2793:
2733:
2722:
2680:
2659:
2634:
2580:
2573:
2564:
2483:
2398:
2337:
2259:
2186:
2150:
2112:
2021:
1965:
1862:
1639:Philippine Daily Inquirer
1500:Amazing Philippines Facts
1242:Philippine Daily Inquirer
1205:"Max Soliven: By the Way"
1183:10.1080/10357820903153715
859:Philippine Daily Inquirer
825:"Max Soliven: By the Way"
803:10.1080/10357820903153715
675:Exemption from censorship
655:as DOT coordinator Anne,
267:
262:
252:
242:
230:
222:
214:
175:
161:
151:
146:
142:
130:
125:
2977:Redemptorist LRT Station
2931:Manila–Cavite Expressway
2921:Jose W. Diokno Boulevard
2566:Manila Bay Freeport Zone
2355:Cinemalaya Film Festival
1912:Manila American Cemetery
681:presidential decree 1986
342:1981 construction deaths
199:14.550556°N 120.981944°E
2837:Singapore School Manila
2832:National University MOA
2380:Philippine Fashion Week
1922:Manila Chinese Cemetery
1339:Sudjic, Deyan. (2006).
582:Magandang Gabi... Bayan
410:(Line Iida) (Norway),
263:Design and construction
2963:Asia World LRT Station
2888:SM Mall of Asia events
2827:Manila Tytana Colleges
2669:Ayala Malls Manila Bay
2465:Smart Araneta Coliseum
2390:Wattah Wattah Festival
2284:Ayala Malls Manila Bay
2246:Quezon Memorial Circle
2194:Ayala Triangle Gardens
2039:Bantayog ng mga Bayani
1952:Quezon Memorial Shrine
1715:"List of PD 1950-2000"
1441:. 2001. Archived from
1411:Cite journal requires
1152:"Where Spirits Roam".
1042:Artes de las Filipinas
613:In the graphic novel,
517:
381:
2794:Financial Center Area
2690:City of Dreams Manila
2604:SM Mall of Asia Arena
2574:Central Business Park
2433:SM Mall of Asia Arena
2338:Events and traditions
2289:Bonifacio High Street
2241:Pasig Rainforest Park
2142:Newport World Resorts
2125:City of Dreams Manila
2022:Museums and galleries
1937:People Power Monument
1890:Baluarte de San Diego
1870:Arch of the Centuries
1118:Lico, Gerard (2003).
974:Lico, Gerard (2003).
515:
413:Harry Tracy-Desperado
376:
297:quick-drying cement.
204:14.550556; 120.981944
2801:GSIS Museo ng Sining
2448:New Frontier Theater
2443:Metropolitan Theater
2094:Book Stop Intramuros
2079:National Planetarium
2003:San Sebastian Church
1801:at Wikimedia Commons
1445:on September 7, 2008
1249:on November 17, 2009
1170:Asian Studies Review
1012:"Martial Law Museum"
865:on November 17, 2009
791:Asian Studies Review
215:Construction started
58:"Manila Film Center"
43:improve this article
2926:Macapagal Boulevard
2893:World Pyro Olympics
2785:Tanghalang Pambansa
2645:Blue Wave Macapagal
2501:Cultural Properties
2459:Philam Life Theater
2426:Tanghalang Pambansa
2054:Metropolitan Museum
1966:Religious buildings
1942:Pinaglabanan Shrine
1695:. December 31, 2006
1667:. February 23, 2014
1581:The Manila Standard
1237:"Sculpting Society"
855:"Sculpting Society"
661:Christopher de Leon
589:Film and literature
504:won best director.
490:36 Chowringhee Lane
437:Majstori, Majstori!
391:36 Chowringhee Lane
195: /
152:Architectural style
147:General information
2758:Manila Film Center
2682:Entertainment City
2592:DoubleDragon Plaza
2411:Manila Film Center
2365:La Naval de Manila
2319:Robinsons Magnolia
2120:Entertainment City
2113:Integrated resorts
1998:San Agustin Church
1875:Bonifacio Monument
1799:Manila Film Center
1277:. November 6, 2017
1016:Martial Law Museum
764:MIFF Press Release
560:In popular culture
518:
494:Lyudmila Gurchenko
458:) (West Germany),
279:Manila Film Center
126:Manila Film Center
3042:
3041:
3002:
3001:
2883:Rakrakan Festival
2753:Lime Hotel Manila
2720:
2719:
2635:Metropolitan Park
2524:
2523:
2214:Manila Ocean Park
2187:Parks and gardens
2168:Studio Experience
1907:Malacañang Palace
1797:Media related to
1350:978-1-4406-4576-1
1315:978-0-07-019335-2
1131:978-971-550-435-5
1036:Santos, Roselle.
987:978-971-550-435-5
549:Philippine Senate
468:(Great Britain),
419:La Femme d'à côté
306:Conceptualization
275:
274:
119:
118:
111:
93:
3087:
3007:Related articles
2906:
2905:
2728:
2599:IKEA Philippines
2595:Hotel 101 Manila
2578:
2577:
2551:
2544:
2537:
2528:
2527:
2314:Robinsons Manila
2304:Power Plant Mall
2204:La Mesa Eco Park
2104:UP Vargas Museum
2008:Seng Guan Temple
1988:Manila Cathedral
1983:Las Piñas Church
1927:Manila City Hall
1863:Historical sites
1849:
1842:
1835:
1826:
1825:
1796:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1683:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1584:. Archived from
1572:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1552:. Archived from
1542:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1497:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1464:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1414:
1409:
1407:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1336:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1303:
1293:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1245:. Archived from
1233:
1227:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1213:. Archived from
1201:
1195:
1194:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1115:
1109:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1088:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1033:
1027:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1008:
999:
998:
996:
994:
971:
962:
961:
959:
957:
943:
937:
936:
934:
932:
923:
915:
904:
903:
901:
899:
884:
875:
874:
872:
870:
861:. Archived from
851:
845:
844:
842:
840:
831:. Archived from
821:
815:
814:
786:
777:
776:
774:
772:
759:
753:
752:
750:
748:
739:
731:
442:No Charges Filed
210:
209:
207:
206:
205:
200:
196:
193:
192:
191:
188:
135:
123:
122:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
3095:
3094:
3090:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3085:
3084:
3045:
3044:
3043:
3038:
3028:
2998:
2994:Metrostar Ferry
2982:
2970:MIA LRT Station
2950:
2946:Roxas Boulevard
2936:NAIA Expressway
2897:
2846:
2815:
2789:
2729:
2716:
2676:
2655:
2630:
2609:SM Mall of Asia
2569:
2568:Manila Bay Area
2567:
2560:
2555:
2525:
2520:
2479:
2438:Meralco Theater
2394:
2333:
2324:SM Mall of Asia
2255:
2182:
2159:KidZania Manila
2146:
2108:
2089:The Mind Museum
2017:
1961:
1858:
1853:
1789:
1784:
1783:
1773:
1771:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1748:
1746:
1744:Chan Robles Law
1738:
1737:
1733:
1723:
1721:
1719:Chan Robles Law
1713:
1712:
1708:
1698:
1696:
1685:
1684:
1680:
1670:
1668:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1644:
1642:
1630:
1626:
1616:
1614:
1612:Manila Bulletin
1606:
1605:
1601:
1591:
1589:
1588:on June 5, 2011
1574:
1573:
1569:
1559:
1557:
1556:on June 7, 2012
1544:
1543:
1539:
1529:
1527:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1504:
1502:
1495:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1476:
1474:
1466:
1465:
1458:
1448:
1446:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1412:
1410:
1401:
1400:
1393:
1391:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1351:
1337:
1330:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1294:
1290:
1280:
1278:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1252:
1250:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1220:
1218:
1217:on June 7, 2011
1210:Philippine Star
1203:
1202:
1198:
1165:
1161:
1156:. October 2009.
1151:
1150:
1146:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1116:
1112:
1102:
1100:
1097:Manila Bulletin
1090:
1089:
1082:
1072:
1070:
1060:
1056:
1046:
1044:
1034:
1030:
1020:
1018:
1010:
1009:
1002:
992:
990:
988:
972:
965:
955:
953:
945:
944:
940:
930:
928:
921:
917:
916:
907:
897:
895:
885:
878:
868:
866:
853:
852:
848:
838:
836:
835:on June 7, 2011
829:Philippine Star
823:
822:
818:
787:
780:
770:
768:
761:
760:
756:
746:
744:
737:
733:
732:
728:
723:
696:
677:
641:
591:
562:
522:1990 earthquake
510:
450:(New Zealand),
386:
357:
344:
336:edifice complex
308:
303:
203:
201:
197:
194:
189:
186:
184:
182:
181:
138:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3093:
3083:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3040:
3039:
3033:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3014:Freedom Island
3010:
3008:
3004:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2996:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2980:
2973:
2966:
2958:
2956:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2912:
2910:
2903:
2902:Transportation
2899:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2854:
2852:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2823:
2821:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2797:
2795:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2748:Coconut Palace
2745:
2739:
2737:
2731:
2730:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2714:
2709:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2686:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2674:
2673:S&R Aseana
2671:
2665:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2653:
2650:
2647:
2642:
2638:
2636:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2628:
2623:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2593:
2590:
2584:
2582:
2575:
2571:
2570:
2565:
2562:
2561:
2554:
2553:
2546:
2539:
2531:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2518:
2516:Shopping malls
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2487:
2485:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2429:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2402:
2400:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2341:
2339:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2331:
2329:Tutuban Center
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2263:
2261:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2190:
2188:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2162:
2154:
2152:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2144:
2139:
2138:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2116:
2114:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2025:
2023:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1957:Rizal Monument
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1903:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1882:
1880:Coconut Palace
1877:
1872:
1866:
1864:
1860:
1859:
1852:
1851:
1844:
1837:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1788:
1787:External links
1785:
1782:
1781:
1756:
1731:
1706:
1678:
1652:
1624:
1599:
1567:
1537:
1512:
1484:
1456:
1422:
1413:|journal=
1364:
1349:
1328:
1314:
1288:
1260:
1228:
1196:
1177:(3): 289–301.
1159:
1154:Rogue Magazine
1144:
1130:
1110:
1080:
1054:
1028:
1000:
986:
963:
938:
905:
876:
846:
816:
797:(3): 289–301.
778:
754:
725:
724:
722:
719:
718:
717:
712:
707:
702:
695:
692:
676:
673:
666:Camp Aguinaldo
653:Andi Eigenmann
645:Tragic Theater
640:
637:Tragic Theater
633:
623:Here Lies Love
604:Marvin Agustin
590:
587:
561:
558:
509:
506:
502:Goran Marković
498:Bruno Lawrence
456:Jetz Und Alles
440:(Yugoslavia),
385:
382:
356:
353:
343:
340:
307:
304:
302:
299:
273:
272:
269:
265:
264:
260:
259:
254:
250:
249:
244:
240:
239:
234:$ 25 million (
232:
228:
227:
224:
220:
219:
216:
212:
211:
179:
173:
172:
163:
159:
158:
153:
149:
148:
144:
143:
140:
139:
136:
128:
127:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3092:
3081:
3080:Imelda Marcos
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3036:
3031:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3005:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2953:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2907:
2904:
2900:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2868:Cosplay Mania
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2858:Aliwan Fiesta
2856:
2855:
2853:
2849:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2818:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2792:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2770:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2732:
2727:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2707:
2706:Solaire Arena
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2679:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2658:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:Blue Bay Walk
2640:
2639:
2637:
2633:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2621:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2588:Conrad Manila
2586:
2585:
2583:
2579:
2576:
2572:
2563:
2559:
2552:
2547:
2545:
2540:
2538:
2533:
2532:
2529:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2491:Annual events
2489:
2488:
2486:
2482:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2460:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2397:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2345:Aliwan Fiesta
2343:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2309:Quinta Market
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2258:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2231:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2173:SM by the Bay
2171:
2169:
2167:
2163:
2161:
2160:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2149:
2143:
2140:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2111:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2059:Museo Pambata
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2020:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1993:Quiapo Church
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1978:Golden Mosque
1976:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1964:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1947:Plaza Miranda
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1901:
1900:Plaza de Roma
1898:
1896:
1895:Fort Santiago
1893:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1850:
1845:
1843:
1838:
1836:
1831:
1830:
1827:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1795:
1791:
1790:
1770:
1766:
1760:
1745:
1741:
1735:
1720:
1716:
1710:
1694:
1693:
1688:
1682:
1666:
1662:
1656:
1641:
1640:
1635:
1628:
1613:
1609:
1603:
1587:
1583:
1582:
1577:
1571:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1541:
1526:
1525:Lonely Planet
1522:
1516:
1501:
1494:
1488:
1473:
1469:
1463:
1461:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1426:
1418:
1405:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1368:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1346:
1342:
1335:
1333:
1317:
1311:
1307:
1302:
1301:
1292:
1281:September 26,
1276:
1275:
1270:
1264:
1248:
1244:
1243:
1238:
1232:
1216:
1212:
1211:
1206:
1200:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1171:
1163:
1155:
1148:
1133:
1127:
1123:
1122:
1114:
1099:
1098:
1093:
1087:
1085:
1069:
1065:
1058:
1043:
1039:
1032:
1017:
1013:
1007:
1005:
989:
983:
979:
978:
970:
968:
952:
948:
942:
927:
920:
914:
912:
910:
894:
890:
883:
881:
864:
860:
856:
850:
834:
830:
826:
820:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
785:
783:
766:
765:
758:
743:
736:
730:
726:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
697:
691:
688:
686:
682:
672:
669:
667:
662:
658:
654:
649:
646:
639:
638:
632:
629:
625:
624:
618:
616:
611:
609:
608:Imelda Marcos
605:
601:
600:
599:The Red Shoes
596:
595:Filipino film
586:
584:
583:
578:
574:
573:
568:
557:
554:
550:
547:In 2009, the
545:
543:
539:
534:
531:
527:
523:
514:
505:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
481:
478:(Poland) and
477:
476:
471:
467:
466:
461:
457:
453:
449:
448:
443:
439:
438:
434:(Argentina),
433:
432:
427:
426:
421:
420:
415:
414:
409:
406:(Australia),
405:
404:
399:
398:
393:
392:
380:
375:
373:
368:
366:
365:Imelda Marcos
362:
352:
348:
339:
337:
332:
330:
324:
322:
316:
313:
312:Imelda Marcos
298:
294:
292:
288:
284:
280:
270:
266:
261:
258:
255:
251:
248:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
208:
180:
178:
174:
171:
167:
164:
160:
157:
154:
150:
145:
141:
134:
129:
124:
121:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
3034:
3019:PAGCOR Tower
2975:
2968:
2961:
2767:
2757:
2743:Aliw Theater
2711:
2704:
2695:Okada Manila
2644:
2618:
2457:
2410:
2399:Event venues
2267:Ayala Center
2228:
2164:
2157:
2130:Okada Manila
2084:Rizal Shrine
2049:Lopez Museum
2034:Bahay Tsinoy
2029:Ayala Museum
1932:Manila Hotel
1772:. Retrieved
1768:
1759:
1747:. Retrieved
1743:
1734:
1722:. Retrieved
1718:
1709:
1699:September 6,
1697:. Retrieved
1690:
1681:
1671:November 17,
1669:. Retrieved
1664:
1655:
1645:February 20,
1643:. Retrieved
1637:
1627:
1615:. Retrieved
1611:
1602:
1590:. Retrieved
1586:the original
1579:
1570:
1558:. Retrieved
1554:the original
1549:
1540:
1528:. Retrieved
1524:
1515:
1503:. Retrieved
1499:
1487:
1475:. Retrieved
1471:
1447:. Retrieved
1443:the original
1434:
1425:
1404:cite journal
1394:December 14,
1392:. Retrieved
1367:
1340:
1319:. Retrieved
1299:
1291:
1279:. Retrieved
1274:Inquirer.net
1272:
1263:
1251:. Retrieved
1247:the original
1240:
1231:
1219:. Retrieved
1215:the original
1208:
1199:
1174:
1168:
1162:
1153:
1147:
1135:. Retrieved
1120:
1113:
1101:. Retrieved
1095:
1073:November 26,
1071:. Retrieved
1067:
1057:
1047:November 26,
1045:. Retrieved
1041:
1031:
1021:November 26,
1019:. Retrieved
1015:
993:December 14,
991:. Retrieved
976:
954:. Retrieved
950:
941:
929:. Retrieved
925:
898:November 26,
896:. Retrieved
892:
867:. Retrieved
863:the original
858:
849:
837:. Retrieved
833:the original
828:
819:
794:
790:
769:. Retrieved
763:
757:
745:. Retrieved
741:
729:
689:
678:
670:
657:John Estrada
650:
644:
642:
635:
628:Ninoy Aquino
621:
619:
614:
612:
597:
593:In the 2010
592:
580:
570:
563:
546:
538:Amazing Show
537:
535:
519:
489:
484:
480:Wasted Lives
479:
473:
469:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:Smash Palace
445:
441:
435:
430:
428:(Germany),
424:
417:
411:
407:
402:
395:
389:
387:
377:
372:Deyan Sudjic
369:
361:Cesar Virata
358:
349:
345:
333:
325:
317:
309:
295:
278:
276:
271:Froilan Hong
268:Architect(s)
120:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2735:CCP Complex
2661:Aseana City
2649:Le Pavilion
2209:Malabon Zoo
2044:Casa Manila
1973:EDSA Shrine
1774:January 18,
1769:Manila News
1749:January 18,
1724:January 18,
1617:January 19,
1592:January 18,
1560:January 18,
1530:January 18,
1505:January 18,
1477:January 18,
1321:January 18,
1253:January 19,
1221:January 19,
1137:January 18,
1103:January 19,
956:January 18,
931:January 16,
869:January 19,
839:January 19,
771:January 16,
747:January 16,
567:GMA Network
542:transgender
482:(Hungary).
452:Take It All
416:(Canada),
291:Philippines
202: /
190:120°58′55″E
177:Coordinates
170:Philippines
3049:Categories
2863:Cinemalaya
2620:The Galeón
2581:SM Complex
2299:Greenhills
2251:Rizal Park
2219:Manila Zoo
1885:Intramuros
1472:News Flash
1449:January 7,
721:References
520:After the
508:Post 1990s
488:'s entry,
422:(France),
408:Growing up
329:Manila Bay
253:Management
187:14°33′02″N
99:April 2022
69:newspapers
2941:NAIA Road
2820:Education
2775:Star City
2294:Divisoria
2277:Greenbelt
2272:Glorietta
2236:Paco Park
2178:Star City
2151:Amusement
1359:458300786
1306:33 of 301
1191:143627535
811:143627535
687:(MTRCB).
572:i-Witness
472:(Japan),
462:(USSR),
444:(Egypt),
403:Gallipoli
397:Body Heat
394:(India),
355:Aftermath
223:Completed
156:Brutalism
2652:Met Live
2558:Bay City
2496:Churches
2260:Shopping
1692:GMA News
1389:3102691M
1381:82208378
1068:Inquirer
694:See also
162:Location
3035:Italics
2506:Museums
2484:By type
2199:Baywalk
2166:ABS-CBN
893:Esquire
577:ABS-CBN
400:(USA),
301:History
83:scholar
2851:Events
2626:W Mall
1387:
1379:
1357:
1347:
1312:
1189:
1128:
984:
926:Unesco
809:
742:Unesco
475:Vabank
321:UNESCO
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
2987:Ferry
2909:Roads
2511:Parks
1496:(PDF)
1187:S2CID
922:(PDF)
807:S2CID
738:(PDF)
526:Luzon
486:India
287:Pasay
243:Owner
166:Pasay
90:JSTOR
76:books
2955:Rail
1776:2010
1751:2009
1726:2009
1701:2021
1673:2016
1647:2013
1619:2010
1594:2010
1562:2010
1532:2010
1507:2010
1479:2010
1451:2009
1417:help
1396:2009
1377:LCCN
1355:OCLC
1345:ISBN
1323:2010
1310:ISBN
1283:2021
1255:2010
1223:2010
1139:2010
1126:ISBN
1105:2010
1075:2020
1049:2020
1023:2020
995:2009
982:ISBN
958:2010
933:2009
900:2020
871:2010
841:2010
773:2009
749:2009
496:and
425:Lola
277:The
231:Cost
226:1982
218:1981
62:news
1179:doi
799:doi
579:'s
569:'s
285:in
236:USD
45:by
3051::
1767:.
1742:.
1717:.
1689:.
1663:.
1636:.
1610:.
1578:.
1548:.
1523:.
1498:.
1470:.
1459:^
1437:.
1433:.
1408::
1406:}}
1402:{{
1385:OL
1383:.
1353:.
1331:^
1308:.
1271:.
1239:.
1207:.
1185:.
1175:33
1173:.
1094:.
1083:^
1066:.
1040:.
1014:.
1003:^
966:^
949:.
924:.
908:^
891:.
879:^
857:.
827:.
805:.
795:33
793:.
781:^
740:.
610:.
585:.
289:,
168:,
2550:e
2543:t
2536:v
1848:e
1841:t
1834:v
1778:.
1753:.
1728:.
1703:.
1675:.
1649:.
1621:.
1596:.
1564:.
1534:.
1509:.
1481:.
1453:.
1419:)
1415:(
1398:.
1361:.
1325:.
1285:.
1257:.
1225:.
1193:.
1181::
1141:.
1107:.
1077:.
1051:.
1025:.
997:.
960:.
935:.
902:.
873:.
843:.
813:.
801::
751:.
454:(
238:)
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)