41:
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most likely through trading sea-route. Meanwhile the population of the central part of the island adheres of traditional beliefs and later mixed with catholicism. This is because under the agreement of 1783 between Sultan
Abdulkadim of Bima and dalu of Manggarai, muslim citizens including children of
273:
princess called Daeng Tamima was married into the Bima royalty, and founded Reo on the coast. Under Bima
Sultanate, the region was divided to systems of tributary kings called Kedaluan and Gelarang. Meanwhile the sultanate representatives were rulers of Reo and Pota which used the title
531:
system, and historically they lived in villages consisted of at least two clans. This system was already practiced by communities of Todo, Bajo and Cibal. Later on, the Bima
Sultanate organized this system into 39 kedaluans (chiefdoms), each led by a ruler called
656:, legumes, vegetables, tobacco, coffee and corn). Animal husbandry is widespread (buffaloes are bred for socially significant animal ceremonies, horses are kept as packs transportation, pigs and chickens). Manggarai people do not hunt nor do they fish.
374:
Traditional beliefs of settlements in the central part of the island include the cult of the supreme creator god, Mori
Karaeng, a form of ancestral worship. Massive celebrations are held by the priest to sacrifice buffalos
443:
Initially, the traditional clothing consist of two pieces of fabric, reinforced in front and behind with a cord at the waist and hips. Modern clothing are of the same type as mainstream
Indonesian.
317:. The 5 dialect groups are Western Manggarai, Central West Manggarai, Central Manggarai, East Manggarai and Far East Manggarai. The latter, separated from other dialects by the
389:
The
Manggarai people are known to have series of ritual as a thanksgiving for the life that has been given to them to live in a certain time period. Among others are:-
623:
genus and megalithic structures are found. In the past, a settlement could consist of one large house, which could hold up to 200 people. In modern settlements,
1725:
1715:
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1606:
1710:
1520:
1601:
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mix marriages, were prohibited to live in the
Kedaluan areas and only able to live in coastal area such as Reo, Pota, Bari, Gunung Tallo, and Nangalili.
253:
One of the early state formation in
Manggarai in the 17th century was the formation of the tribal kingdom of Todo, whose first king was called Mashur of
2248:
2118:
313:, a language with around 43 sub-dialects divided into 5 dialect groups which is very distinct from the languages of ethnic groups to the east and from
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40:
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Distribution of handicrafts are such as carving, metalworking and weaving. They also engage in manual tropical farming (they switched from
556:
ruled Reo and Pota, they historically had higher ranking than dalu and were intermediaries between the dalu and Sultan. At the head of the
568:), that ascended from the first settlers. Family relationships are based on the patrilineal line. The Manggarai people recognizes several
850:
1445:
Between colonial legacies and grassroots movements: exploring cultural heritage practice in the Ngadha and
Manggarai Region of Flores
629:
usually has from 5 to 20 homes of round or oval shape on stilts, with a high (about 9 meters) conical roof descending to the ground.
1110:
1513:
1269:
Arts of the South Seas: island
Southeast Asia, Melanesia, Polynesia, Micronesia ; the collections of the Musée Barbier-Mueller
1012:
Arts of the South Seas: island Southeast Asia, Melanesia, Polynesia, Micronesia ; the collections of the Musée Barbier-Mueller
694:
685:
1132:
867:
Catholics in Indonesia, 1808–1942: A Documented History. Volume 2: The Spectacular Growth of a Self Confident Minority, 1903–1942
301:. Then, followed by the invasion of the Dutch colonialists in the 20th century and the subsequent Christianization of Manggarai.
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874:
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The main food is corn porridge with vegetables and pork (which are only consumed by non-Muslim Manggarai people), as well as
2705:
1506:
491:
where fighting and parrying each other using a whip and a shield is usually performed by two young men in a large field.
345:
333:. This language is not singled out even by most of Manggarai people themselves, because it is considered as part of the
619:) is an ordinary one. In the center of the settlement is a round public space on which is a large tree; usually of the
1351:
1301:
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1226:
1044:
1019:
994:
944:
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751:
424:, this ceremony is conducted so that all spirits who are invited are able to wait a moment before the climax of the
1369:"Acromiocristalis Population of Pygmy Rampasasa (Manggarai District, Flores Island, Nusa Tenggara Timur Province)"
2638:
1063:
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family are formed by Christians, and small groups among Muslims and adherents of traditional beliefs allows
286:(bigger kedaluan), which had origins before Bima Sultanate hegemonic rule, among these only Todo ruled over
509:
warriors display their abilities to hit and parry in the competition. The dance is commonly referred to as
1493:
1488:
590:, a marriage between the offspring of two sisters that marries the sons of two brothers, and so on. Most
1529:
1367:
Rusyad Adi Suriyanto1, Janatin Hastuti, Neni Trilusiana Rahmawati, Koeshardjono & T. Jacob (2008).
576:
381:), which are accompanied by ritual dances and battles between the two parties of men in military garb.
362:; the eastern Manggarai in the region of Borong are Catholics. Some living in the coastal west profess
1244:
Guardians of the Land in Kelimado: Louis Fontijne's Study of a Colonial District in Eastern Indonesia
1417:"Dutch Colonial Containment of Islam in Manggarai, West-Flores, in Favour of Catholicism, 1907–1942"
1596:
633:
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1633:
282:(smaller kedaluan). The most powerful Kedaluans were Todo, Cibal, and Bajo, collectively called
2663:
2611:
2574:
330:
187:
179:
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The Development of Catholicism in Eastern Indonesia: Manggarai Identity, Religion and Politics
151:
This article is about an ethnic group in Indonesia. For the indigenous Australian people, see
1923:
1218:
1212:
936:
930:
598:. The Manggarai people to this day are divided into three social groups namely, aristocrats (
2648:
2338:
8:
2584:
2557:
1938:
1083:
798:
314:
106:
1476:(Doctoral thesis). Gadjah Mada University – via repository.stkipsantupaulus.ac.id.
329:(there are about 5,000 of them) living in three settlements in the southern part of the
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1998:
1749:
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85:
636:, the dead are buried in round holes, which are closed by stones placed on the grave.
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366:(their number is approximately 33,898 people), the spread of Islam on the island of
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2653:
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2168:
2148:
2143:
2138:
1933:
1913:
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1863:
1853:
1766:
1556:
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Ethnic Groups of Insular Southeast Asia: Indonesia, Andaman Islands, and Madagascar
318:
143:
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718:
2589:
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2010:
1993:
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1952:
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In Manggarai settlements, free spaces are paved with huge stones. In the city of
579:
452:
326:
239:
178:. Manggarai people are spread across three regencies in the province, namely the
102:
1294:
Stratifikasi sosial di Cancar, Manggarai, Flores Barat tahun 1950-an dan 1980-an
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1471:
1443:
722:
689:
645:
298:
266:
247:
235:
126:
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1416:
325:. It is spoken by about 300,000 people. There are also native speakers of the
214:. Manggarai settlements cover over 6,700 square kilometers, almost a third of
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2562:
2539:
2529:
2519:
2514:
2485:
2398:
2378:
2318:
2303:
2268:
2253:
2188:
2158:
2098:
2015:
1981:
1969:
1957:
1928:
1883:
1841:
1799:
1771:
1685:
1643:
1498:
649:
488:
1296:. Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Indonesia. p. 56.
772:
Comparative Austronesian Dictionary: An Introduction to Austronesian Studies
2475:
2470:
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2435:
2430:
2420:
2383:
2373:
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2283:
2238:
2228:
2223:
2218:
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2178:
2123:
2046:
2005:
1976:
1918:
1888:
1858:
1819:
1670:
1581:
1566:
573:
434:, a ceremony of thanksgiving for the welfare of each family in their homes.
163:
122:
110:
538:, which in turn split into smaller administrative units that are known as
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2233:
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2153:
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1964:
1756:
1720:
1700:
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1618:
1586:
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1539:
889:
653:
528:
481:
Manggarai people also have a traditional folk sport and war dance called
250:. As of the late 20th century, there are about 500,000 Manggarai people.
227:
130:
1451:(doctorate thesis in History, Art and Culture). University of Amsterdam.
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2604:
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2200:
2068:
2063:
1901:
1680:
2579:
2463:
2022:
741:
665:
474:
359:
175:
152:
81:
457:
412:, a ritual to invite ancestral spirits to be a watcher over springs.
210:
Manggarai people are one of the aboriginal peoples of the island of
2497:
2358:
2085:
1737:
698:
595:
591:
262:
243:
1316:
1084:
Maribeth Erb, Carol Faucher & Priyambudi Sulistiyanto (2013).
613:
The traditional settlement has a circular layout, and the modern (
1947:
1548:
1154:"Penti Weki Peso Beo, Ritus Pembersihan Dosa Kampung (Bagian II)"
363:
231:
226:
According to historical records, Manggarai has been ruled by the
550:(village leaders), additionally Sultan's representatives called
1875:
470:
466:
367:
322:
215:
211:
167:
67:
2668:
2353:
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Journal of the American Oriental Society, Volume 89, Number 3
620:
418:, a ceremony of summoning a village guardian spirit at night.
402:, a ritual that invites the guardian spirit to the center of
321:, is distributed in the north-central part of the island of
2410:
1791:
1319:
Worldmark Encyclopedia of Cultures and Daily Life, Volume 4
671:
513:, a dance performed on stage to predict the outcome of the
297:
In 1929, the Western part of Flores was separated from the
1489:
Joshua Project — Manggarai Ethnic People in all countries
562:
is controlled by one of the localized patriarchate clan (
1109:
Markus Makur (7 November 2014). I Made Asdhiana (ed.).
676:). Rice is served on the table only as a festive meal.
527:
The early political system of Manggarai was clan-based
198:
The Manggarai people sometimes refer to themselves as
1266:
1009:
2679:
1267:
Musée Barbier-Mueller (1999). Douglas Newton (ed.).
1010:
Musée Barbier-Mueller (1999). Douglas Newton (ed.).
964:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 60.
309:
The language spoken throughout the region is called
1291:
1111:"Unik, Tradisi "Poka Kaba" di Lembah Kampung Bumbu"
1195:
1034:
987:Encyclopaedia of the South East Asian Ethnography
985:Narendra Singh Bisht & T. S. Bankoti (2004).
818:
396:, a ceremony of harvest thanksgiving celebration.
265:. In 1727, the Manggarai region was given to the
2697:
1317:Timothy L. Gall & Jeneen Hobby, ed. (2009).
864:
769:
746:. Human Relations Area Files Press. p. 81.
1242:Louis Fontijne (2004). Gregory L. Forth (ed.).
1176:"Mengenal Upacara Penti dalam Budaya Manggarai"
959:
900:
669:
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533:
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498:
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376:
1528:
1241:
1200:. Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan. p. 518.
1198:Ensiklopedi Suku Bangsa di Indonesia Jilid L-Z
989:. Global Vision Publishing House. p. 49.
742:Frank M. LeBar & George N. Appell (1972).
1514:
1494:Manggarai Map — Satellite Images of Manggarai
1341:
1214:The Flow of Life: Essays on Eastern Indonesia
932:The Flow of Life: Essays on Eastern Indonesia
854:Manggarai daerah sengketa antara Bima dan Goa
1421:Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde
1391:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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1507:
1461:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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1395:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
358:More than 90% of the Manggarai people are
278:, they ruled over smaller kedaluan called
1469:
1441:
1432:
1211:James J. Fox, ed. (1980). "Monni Adams".
1058:
1056:
929:James J. Fox, ed. (1980). "Monni Adams".
924:
922:
837:
1064:"Etnis Manggarai, dari Ritual ke Ritual"
823:. University of Hull Press. p. 33.
765:
763:
522:
456:
344:
1133:"Clean-up ritual a la Manggarai people"
821:Islam and identity in Eastern Indonesia
438:
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1053:
919:
1502:
1217:. Harvard University Press. pp.
1086:Regionalism in Post-Suharto Indonesia
760:
218:, in the western part of the island.
202:, which means "people of Manggarai".
935:. Harvard University Press. p.
793:
791:
61:Regions with significant populations
903:Endangered Languages of Austronesia
349:Manggarai (Todo-Pongkor) womenfolk.
13:
1407:
774:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 585.
290:, numbering thirteen hence called
14:
2717:
1482:
788:
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1346:. Baltimore, JAOS. p. 673.
497:performance usually begins with
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503:dance performances, before the
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883:
858:
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735:
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205:
1:
1470:Widyawati, Fransiska (2013).
1174:David Edison (1 April 2012).
1156:. Berita Satu. 18 August 2012
1037:Manggarai dan Wujud Tertinggi
704:
639:
610:) and descendants of slaves.
1292:Robert M. Z. Lawang (2004).
962:Indonesia: Towards Democracy
193:
7:
1342:Ernest Bender, ed. (1969).
1196:M. Junus Melalatoa (1995).
1131:Markus Makur (5 May 2016).
1035:J. A. J. Verheijen (1991).
905:. OUP Oxford. p. 304.
679:
353:
304:
10:
2722:
2706:Ethnic groups in Indonesia
1530:Ethnic groups in Indonesia
1415:Steenbrink, Karel (2013).
1066:. Liputan6. 19 August 2001
819:Michael Hitchcock (1996).
659:
450:
384:
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1442:Sudarmadi, Tular (2014).
1434:10.1163/22134379-12340024
1039:. LIPI-RUL. p. 145.
865:Karel Steenbrink (2014).
801:. Encyclopædia Britannica
770:Darrell T. Tryon (1995).
142:
137:
121:
116:
97:
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65:
60:
55:
50:
38:
29:
16:Ethnic group of Indonesia
1374:. Gadjah Mada University
1271:. Prestel. p. 102.
1014:. Prestel. p. 103.
960:Taufik Abdullah (2009).
901:Margaret Florey (2009).
719:"Manggarai in Indonesia"
2595:Bangka Belitung Chinese
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1246:. KITLV. p. 192.
604:), community members (
478:
465:warrior and his whip,
350:
331:East Manggarai Regency
188:East Manggarai Regency
180:West Manggarai Regency
1321:. Gale. p. 608.
890:Ethnologue: Manggarai
869:. BRILL. p. 89.
523:Society and lifestyle
460:
348:
138:Related ethnic groups
439:Traditional clothing
688:, a West Mangarrai
544:(dalu-helpers) and
230:from the island of
45:A Manggarai family.
26:
1135:. The Jakarta Post
852:Hans Daeng. 1995.
570:types of marriages
479:
351:
335:Manggarai language
269:as a dowry when a
172:East Nusa Tenggara
86:East Nusa Tenggara
22:
2677:
2676:
1328:978-14-144-4892-3
1095:978-11-342-6380-6
971:978-98-123-0366-0
912:978-01-995-4454-7
876:978-90-042-5402-2
588:Sororate marriage
584:Levirate marriage
259:Sultanate of Gowa
257:descent from the
184:Manggarai Regency
166:found in western
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319:Rembong language
292:dalu campulutelu
144:Lamaholot people
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51:Total population
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24:Manggarai people
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652:system to grow
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453:Caci (fighting)
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394:Penti Manggarai
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327:Rongga language
311:Tombo Manggarai
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240:Makassar people
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125:(predominantly
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11:
5:
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2600:Maluku Chinese
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2592:
2582:
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2572:
2567:
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2563:Black Dutchmen
2554:
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2551:Non-indigenous
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2456:Maluku Islands
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2179:Tau Taa Wana
1607:Talang Mamak
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1376:. Retrieved
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1180:. Retrieved
1178:. Kompasiana
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1137:. Retrieved
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771:
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726:. Retrieved
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631:
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577:cross-cousin
574:matrilateral
526:
510:
487:, a form of
480:
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164:ethnic group
159:
157:
123:Christianity
111:Kupang Malay
66:
31:
23:
19:Ethnic group
2525:Tanimbarese
2239:Ekari (Mee)
2114:Gorontaloan
1750:Aneuk Jamee
1745:Minangkabau
1701:Bugis-Malay
1592:Orang Rimba
1587:Orang Kuala
1540:Indonesians
799:"Manggarai"
697:tribe from
654:Upland rice
529:patrilineal
271:Makassarese
255:Minangkabau
228:Bima people
206:Settlements
131:Sunni Islam
101:(including
2664:Portuguese
2622:Klingalese
2064:Orang Laut
1902:Lun Bawang
1876:Kalimantan
1832:Kangeanese
1825:Tenggerese
1815:Banyumasan
1810:Cirebonese
1654:Toba Batak
1649:Simalungun
1639:Mandailing
1602:Petalangan
1557:Aboriginal
1378:2015-05-29
1182:2016-11-01
1160:2016-11-01
1139:2016-11-01
1117:2016-11-01
1070:2015-01-17
805:2017-05-26
728:2015-01-17
705:References
648:system to
640:Livelihood
592:monogamous
432:Libur Kilo
410:Barong Wae
315:Indonesian
174:province,
107:Indonesian
2659:Pakistani
2654:Mardijker
2605:Peranakan
2406:Manggarai
2389:Lamaholot
2249:Ketengban
2169:Sangirese
2149:Mongondow
2144:Minahasan
2139:Mandarese
2119:Kalumpang
2052:Pontianak
2023:Punan Bah
1939:Uma Baka'
1914:Apo Kayan
1893:Apo Duat
1864:Bantenese
1854:Sundanese
1767:Palembang
1457:cite book
666:palm wine
475:Indonesia
428:ceremony.
422:Wisi Loce
378:ata Mbeki
360:Catholics
284:dalu mese
194:Etymology
176:Indonesia
160:Manggarai
153:Mangarayi
129:) – 90%,
99:Manggarai
93:Languages
82:Indonesia
2700:Category
2639:Japanese
2612:Filipino
2580:Chindian
2575:Armenian
2498:Ambonese
2481:Manusela
2464:Moluccan
2416:Rotenese
2369:Bimanese
2364:Balinese
2359:Bali Aga
2129:Makassar
2109:Bonerate
2104:Butonese
2094:Buginese
2086:Sulawesi
2011:Bakumpai
1999:Ma'anyan
1994:Lawangan
1989:Ot Danum
1953:Kendayan
1837:Madurese
1805:Javanese
1777:Simeulue
1738:Sakuddei
1733:Mentawai
1614:Acehnese
1387:cite web
1113:. Kompas
680:See also
607:ata-leke
596:Polygyny
580:marriage
572:such as
559:kedaluan
541:gelarang
354:Religion
305:Language
288:dalu koe
280:dalu koe
263:Makassar
244:Sulawesi
238:and the
117:Religion
2590:Benteng
2585:Chinese
2558:African
2535:Togutil
2508:Wai Apu
2493:Ambelau
2441:Sumbawa
2339:Lesser
2314:Waropen
2294:Sentani
2259:Korowai
2229:Damalme
2214:Amungme
2184:Torajan
2028:Bukitan
2016:Meratus
1970:Mualang
1948:Bidayuh
1897:Kelabit
1782:Singkil
1762:Haloban
1726:Serdang
1716:Langkat
1676:Lampung
1661:Enggano
1629:Angkola
1549:Sumatra
660:Dietary
601:karaeng
500:danding
477:, 2007.
385:Rituals
364:Sunnism
341:Culture
232:Sumbawa
222:History
170:in the
162:are an
56:725,000
2649:Korean
2644:Jewish
2617:Indian
2540:Wemale
2530:Tobelo
2520:Lisela
2515:Kayeli
2486:Nuaulu
2399:Loloan
2379:Helong
2319:Wolani
2309:Wambon
2304:Tobati
2269:Marind
2254:Kombai
2189:Mamasa
2159:Pamona
2099:Bungku
1982:Tidung
1958:Selako
1934:Lebbo'
1929:Kenyah
1907:Sa'ban
1884:Banjar
1842:Bawean
1800:Betawi
1772:Rejang
1696:Asahan
1686:Lembak
1644:Pakpak
1350:
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1300:
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1225:
1092:
1043:
1018:
993:
968:
943:
909:
873:
827:
778:
750:
695:Rangko
686:Mbehel
471:Flores
467:Ruteng
404:Lingko
368:Flores
323:Flores
246:under
234:under
216:Flores
212:Flores
186:, and
168:Flores
103:Rongga
79:
2669:Totok
2627:Tamil
2476:Alune
2471:Alfur
2446:Tetum
2436:Sumba
2431:Sikka
2421:Sasak
2394:Malay
2384:Kemak
2374:Bunak
2354:Atoni
2299:Tehit
2284:Nduga
2224:Bauzi
2219:Asmat
2201:Papua
2164:Rampi
2134:Malay
2124:Lindu
2074:Suluk
2069:Bajau
2047:Berau
2042:Malay
2006:Ngaju
1977:Murut
1924:Kayan
1919:Bahau
1889:Dayak
1859:Baduy
1849:Malay
1820:Osing
1711:Lahat
1691:Malay
1671:Kluet
1624:Batak
1597:Sakai
1582:Mante
1572:Bonai
1567:Batin
1449:(PDF)
1372:(PDF)
1219:54-55
621:Ficus
426:Penti
242:from
133:– 10%
2634:Indo
2570:Arab
2503:Buru
2426:Savu
2411:Nage
2349:Abui
2329:Yaur
2324:Yali
2289:Sawi
2279:Moni
2264:Lani
2244:Fayu
2234:Dani
2209:Abun
2174:Seko
2154:Muna
2059:Moro
2033:Krio
1965:Iban
1792:Java
1757:Nias
1721:Riau
1706:Deli
1681:Laut
1666:Gayo
1634:Karo
1619:Alas
1577:Lubu
1562:Akit
1463:link
1397:link
1393:link
1348:ISBN
1323:ISBN
1298:ISBN
1273:ISBN
1248:ISBN
1223:ISBN
1090:ISBN
1041:ISBN
1016:ISBN
991:ISBN
966:ISBN
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907:ISBN
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