42:
480:
460:
if it is uncertain whether they deserve well or ill... He also states that the blessed are called in Greek εὐδαίμονες , because they are good souls, that is to say, good demons, confirming his opinion that the souls of men are demons."
298:
431:, writing about the subject a few centuries after most of the Latin pagan references to such spirits, differentiated Manes from other types of Roman spirits:
512:, literally "to the Manes", or figuratively, "to the spirits of the dead", an abbreviation that continued to appear even in Christian inscriptions.
41:
580:
291:
406:
591:, where offerings were made to the sky-deity, Iuppiter, but from the analogy of other primitive cults and the sacred title of the stone (
216:
51:
561:
in commentaries even in antiquity: "The 'flowing stone' … must not be confused with the stone of the same name which, according to
284:
883:
799:
728:
272:
120:
575:, designed to produce rain after a long drought. In classical times the ceremony consisted in a procession headed by the
597:), it is practically certain that the original ritual was the purely imitative process of pouring water over the stone.
238:
211:
674:
221:
768:
416:, "those who dwell below", the undifferentiated collective of divine dead. The Manes were honored during the
907:
380:
deities sometimes thought to represent souls of deceased loved ones. They were associated with the
360:
312:
100:
29:
452:
410:) that pertained to domestic, local, and personal cult. They belonged broadly to the category of
519:, originally held at funerals, may have been instituted in the honor of the Manes. According to
645:
248:
20:
718:
699:. Vol. 1. Translated by Rev. Marcus Dods, M.A. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark. p. 365
170:
110:
265:
258:
8:
616:
576:
130:
105:
649:
816:
690:
562:
428:
394:
879:
795:
760:
724:
670:
253:
871:
787:
324:
187:
479:
912:
902:
243:
88:
47:
71:
366:
351:
192:
160:
896:
593:
545:
When a new town was founded, a round hole would be dug and a stone called a
540:
199:
181:
140:
602:
584:
528:
83:
764:
571:
840:
694:
868:
The
Ancient Roman Afterlife: Di Manes, Belief, and the Cult of the Dead
784:
The
Ancient Roman Afterlife: Di Manes, Belief, and the Cult of the Dead
588:
417:
400:
818:
Taboo, Magic, Spirits: A Study of
Primitive Elements in Roman Religion
654:. Translated by Kent, Roland G. London: W. Heinemann. pp. 185–7.
516:
438:"says, indeed, that the souls of men are demons, and that men become
412:
206:
875:
791:
767:. Fetham, Middlesex, England: The Hamlyn Publishing Group. p.
435:
377:
155:
446:
421:
388:
569:
Of this we have a characteristic example in the ceremony of the
520:
150:
145:
487:
at the top of this 3rd-century
Christian tombstone stands for
339:
626:
621:
550:
471:
Latin spells of antiquity were often addressed to the Manes.
440:
382:
135:
77:
549:
would be placed in the foundations, representing a gate to
333:
94:
786:. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. pp. 2–3.
720:
Curse
Tablets and Binding Spells from the Ancient World
689:
495:
Manes may be derived from "an archaic adjective manus—
669:. Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. p. 366.
342:
336:
330:
327:
667:The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome
16:Roman deities believed to be the souls of the dead
845:. London: Archibald Constable & Co. p. 5
499:—which was the opposite of immanis (monstrous)".
894:
723:. Oxford University Press US. pp. 12–13.
515:The Manes were offered blood sacrifices. The
474:
292:
502:Roman tombstones often included the letters
263:
197:
821:. New York: Macmillan Company. p. 365
750:
748:
746:
527:could be called forth from the caves near
299:
285:
755:Guirand, Felix, ed. (1968). "The Manes".
683:
478:
814:
754:
743:
665:Gagarin, Michael, ed. (2010). "Death".
664:
895:
838:
757:New Larousse Encyclopedia of Mythology
565:, was the gateway to the underworld."
870:. Austin: University of Texas Press.
716:
644:
365:
865:
781:
56:sacrificing at the Temple of Jupiter
13:
859:
239:Glossary of ancient Roman religion
14:
924:
534:
466:City of God, Book IX, Chapter 11
323:
40:
832:
808:
775:
710:
658:
638:
605:, The Religion of Ancient Rome
583:from its resting-place by the
491:, "to the Spirits of the Dead"
1:
632:
553:. Due to similar names, the
842:The Religion of Ancient Rome
815:Burriss, Eli Edward (1931).
7:
610:
557:is often confused with the
10:
929:
538:
475:Etymology and inscriptions
18:
866:King, Charles W. (2020).
782:King, Charles W. (2020).
579:, which bore the sacred
717:Gager, John G. (1992).
839:Bailey, Cyril (1907).
691:St. Augustine of Hippo
608:
492:
469:
355:
313:ancient Roman religion
264:
249:Ancient Greek religion
198:
21:Manes (disambiguation)
567:
482:
456:if they are bad, and
433:
63:Practices and beliefs
367:[ˈmaː.neːs̠]
266:Interpretatio Graeca
259:Gallo-Roman religion
19:For other uses, see
617:Ancestor veneration
761:Aldington, Richard
517:gladiatorial games
506:, which stood for
493:
444:if they are good,
101:funerary practices
885:978-1-4773-2020-4
801:978-1-4773-2020-4
730:978-0-19-513482-7
483:The abbreviation
309:
308:
254:Etruscan religion
212:agricultural gods
111:mystery religions
57:
920:
908:Roman underworld
889:
854:
853:
851:
850:
836:
830:
829:
827:
826:
812:
806:
805:
779:
773:
772:
759:. Translated by
752:
741:
740:
738:
737:
714:
708:
707:
705:
704:
687:
681:
680:
662:
656:
655:
651:De Lingua Latina
648:(1938). "6.13".
642:
606:
467:
369:
364:
349:
348:
345:
344:
341:
338:
335:
332:
329:
301:
294:
287:
269:
203:
188:Capitoline Triad
46:
44:
34:
26:
25:
928:
927:
923:
922:
921:
919:
918:
917:
893:
892:
886:
862:
860:Further reading
857:
848:
846:
837:
833:
824:
822:
813:
809:
802:
780:
776:
753:
744:
735:
733:
731:
715:
711:
702:
700:
688:
684:
677:
663:
659:
643:
639:
635:
613:
607:
601:
543:
537:
477:
468:
465:
427:The theologian
361:Classical Latin
359:
326:
322:
305:
244:Roman mythology
226:
222:divine emperors
207:underworld gods
165:
161:Fratres Arvales
115:
58:
55:
48:Marcus Aurelius
32:
30:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
926:
916:
915:
910:
905:
891:
890:
884:
876:10.7560/320204
861:
858:
856:
855:
831:
807:
800:
792:10.7560/320204
774:
742:
729:
709:
682:
675:
657:
636:
634:
631:
630:
629:
624:
619:
612:
609:
599:
551:the underworld
539:Main article:
536:
533:
476:
473:
463:
307:
306:
304:
303:
296:
289:
281:
278:
277:
276:
275:
270:
261:
256:
251:
246:
241:
233:
232:
231:Related topics
228:
227:
225:
224:
219:
217:childhood gods
214:
209:
204:
195:
193:Aventine Triad
190:
185:
177:
174:
173:
167:
166:
164:
163:
158:
153:
148:
143:
138:
133:
127:
124:
123:
117:
116:
114:
113:
108:
103:
98:
91:
86:
81:
74:
68:
65:
64:
60:
59:
45:
37:
36:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
925:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
900:
898:
887:
881:
877:
873:
869:
864:
863:
844:
843:
835:
820:
819:
811:
803:
797:
793:
789:
785:
778:
770:
766:
762:
758:
751:
749:
747:
732:
726:
722:
721:
713:
698:
697:
692:
686:
678:
676:9780195170726
672:
668:
661:
653:
652:
647:
641:
637:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
614:
604:
598:
596:
595:
594:lapis manalis
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
573:
566:
564:
560:
559:lapis manilis
556:
555:lapis manalis
552:
548:
547:lapis manalis
542:
541:Lapis manalis
535:Lapis manalis
532:
530:
526:
522:
518:
513:
511:
510:
505:
500:
498:
490:
486:
481:
472:
462:
459:
455:
454:
449:
448:
443:
442:
437:
432:
430:
429:St. Augustine
425:
424:in February.
423:
419:
415:
414:
409:
408:
403:
402:
397:
396:
391:
390:
385:
384:
379:
375:
374:
368:
362:
357:
353:
347:
320:
319:
314:
302:
297:
295:
290:
288:
283:
282:
280:
279:
274:
271:
268:
267:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
236:
235:
234:
230:
229:
223:
220:
218:
215:
213:
210:
208:
205:
202:
201:
200:Indigitamenta
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
183:
182:Dii Consentes
179:
178:
176:
175:
172:
169:
168:
162:
159:
157:
154:
152:
149:
147:
144:
142:
139:
137:
134:
132:
129:
128:
126:
125:
122:
119:
118:
112:
109:
107:
106:imperial cult
104:
102:
99:
97:
96:
92:
90:
87:
85:
82:
80:
79:
75:
73:
70:
69:
67:
66:
62:
61:
53:
49:
43:
39:
38:
35:
28:
27:
22:
867:
847:. Retrieved
841:
834:
823:. Retrieved
817:
810:
783:
777:
765:Ames, Delano
756:
734:. Retrieved
719:
712:
701:. Retrieved
695:
685:
666:
660:
650:
640:
603:Cyril Bailey
592:
585:Porta Capena
570:
568:
558:
554:
546:
544:
529:Lake Avernus
524:
514:
508:
507:
503:
501:
496:
494:
488:
484:
470:
457:
451:
445:
439:
434:
426:
411:
405:
404:as deities (
399:
393:
387:
381:
372:
371:
317:
316:
310:
180:
93:
76:
52:head covered
33:ancient Rome
696:City of God
572:aquaelicium
509:Dis Manibus
489:Dis Manibus
121:Priesthoods
31:Religion in
897:Categories
849:2007-08-21
825:2007-08-21
736:2010-08-22
703:2016-09-15
633:References
581:rain-stone
577:pontifices
418:Parentalia
401:Di Penates
131:Pontifices
413:di inferi
89:festivals
693:(1871).
611:See also
600:—
464:—
436:Apuleius
378:chthonic
373:Di Manes
156:Epulones
151:Fetiales
146:Flamines
141:Vestales
72:libation
589:Capitol
587:to the
447:Lemures
422:Feralia
389:Lemures
273:Decline
171:Deities
136:Augures
84:temples
913:Undead
903:Ghosts
882:
798:
727:
673:
563:Festus
523:, the
521:Cicero
453:Larvae
398:, and
315:, the
646:Varro
627:Preta
622:Pitrs
525:Manes
458:Manes
441:Lares
395:Genii
383:Lares
370:) or
356:mānēs
352:Latin
318:Manes
78:votum
880:ISBN
796:ISBN
725:ISBN
671:ISBN
504:D.M.
497:good
485:D.M.
420:and
376:are
95:ludi
872:doi
788:doi
769:213
450:or
311:In
899::
878:.
794:.
763:;
745:^
531:.
407:di
392:,
386:,
358:,
354::
350:,
340:iː
334:eɪ
888:.
874::
852:.
828:.
804:.
790::
771:.
739:.
706:.
679:.
363::
346:/
343:z
337:n
331:m
328:ˈ
325:/
321:(
300:e
293:t
286:v
54:)
50:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
