1837:
1798:
1764:
1557:
134:
1934:
2002:
189:
179:
169:
158:
110:
1725:
1882:
233:
223:
213:
202:
120:
37:
1549:, the spice trade linking India to Egypt and then Venice was seriously diminished and prices shot up. Arab shipping was also being attacked directly: in 1503, the first Egyptian ship was looted and sunk by the Portuguese as it was returning from India. In 1504, 17 Arab ships were destroyed by the Portuguese in the Indian harbour of
1738:
Following this battle, the
Portuguese fiercely fought back led by the viceroy himself, who was seeking to avenge the death of his son and free the Portuguese prisoners made at Chaul in 1508. The Portuguese eventually succeeded in eliminating the Mamluk southern fleet in 1509 at the
1611:
The
Mamluks however had little inclination for naval operations: "The war against the Portuguese, being mainly a naval war, was entirely alien to the Mamluk and little to his taste. The navy and everything connected with it was despised by the land-minded Mamluk horsemen".
1896:
In 1513, Albuquerque led a campaign against the Red Sea in order to stop completely Mamluk trade with India, and defeat Mamluk plans to send a fleet to India. On
February 7, 1513, he left Goa with 1,700 Portuguese and 1,000 Indian men in 24 ships. Albuquerque landed at
2041:
The
Ottomans, on the other hand, managed to establish a strong presence in the Indian Ocean, which they would further develop during the rest of the century. The Ottomans took up the task of fighting the Portuguese in the Indian Ocean, especially through their admiral
1968:. This concentration on the Portuguese front had the ultimate effect however of weakening the Mamluk strengths that could be put against the Ottomans in the Levant. The investment was huge, as the fleet cost around 400,000 dinars to the Mamluk Sultan.
2406:"The Mamluk fleet was warmly greeted at Diu by its governor, Malik Ayyaz, a Russian Mamluk who had found favor with the king of Gujarat. Gujarat, which traded mainly through the Red Sea and Egypt, continued to resist the Portuguese" in
2306:"During the reign of el-Ghuri, a far-sighted policy led the Sultan to enter into an alliance with the Venetians to oppose the installation of the Portuguese in India. Unfortunately the Mamluk fleet carried insufficient fire-power" in
1663:, after defeating a Muslim fleet. In 1507, a fleet of about 20 Portuguese ships entered the Red Sea and raided Indian shipping there, bringing the Mamluk Indian trade to near collapse. The Portuguese attempted to establish a base at
1848:, and endeavoured to establish an alliance, that could give bases for the Portuguese on the northern shores of the Indian Ocean and create an eastern threat for the Ottomans and the Mamluks. Albuquerque received an ambassador of
1865:
and all his kingdoms and dependencies, and thus my Lord can give you great help by sea against the Turks, and thus his fleets by sea and you with your great forces and cavalry by land can combine to inflict great injuries upon
1583:
to Cairo. Teldi tried to find a level of cooperation between the two realms, encouraging the
Mamluks to block Portuguese navigations. The Venetians claimed they could not intervene directly, and encouraged the Mamluk Sultan
1627:
ordered the first expedition against the
Portuguese. The fleet was built with timber and weapons from the Ottoman Empire, and crews and shipwrights were recruited throughout the eastern Mediterranean. The expedition, under
1925:, which put the Mamluk Sultan under tremendous pressure. The Mamluk Sultan Qansuh was thus forced to seek Ottoman assistance, although the Ottomans had been a traditional rival, in his resistance against the Portuguese.
1860:
And if you desire to destroy the Sultan by land, you can recount on great assistance from the Armada of the King my Lord by sea, and I believe that with small trouble you must gain the lordship of the city of
1912:
Albuquerque thus failed to stop the spice trade through the Red Sea and to establish a trade monopoly for the Europe-India spice trade. This campaign however had been a major threat to the Mamluk harbour of
1998:
As a consequence, the
Portuguese were able to set up trading posts in the Indian subcontinent, and take-over the spice trade to Europe, which had been a major source of revenues for the Mamluk state.
1794:, continued to secure peace with the Ottomans, and renewed their peace treaty in 1511, leading them to encourage the Ottomans to participate on the Mamluk side in the conflict against the Portuguese.
1893:
Following their victory at the Battle of Diu and the elimination of rival Muslim fleets in the Indian Ocean, the
Portuguese endeavoured to the systematic destruction of Muslim commercial shipping.
1576:, warning that if the Pope did not stop the exactions of the Portuguese against Muslims, he would bring ruin to the Christian Holy Place in the Levant and to the Christians living in his realm.
267:
2057:
Egypt, on the other hand, lost its status as a great power, and, deprived of the resources of the Indian Ocean trade, essentially faded into the background for the next three centuries.
339:
1956:
cooperated with the
Mamluks against the Portuguese. Selman Reis entered the service of the Mamluks, and led a group of 2,000 armed Levantines, against the wishes of the Ottoman Sultan
1667:
in 1507 in order to stop the Mamluk trade through the Red Sea, but the island proved too inhospitable and was ineffective in that role, so that the
Portuguese left after a few months.
1856:, and returned a letter as well as an ambassador in the person of Rui Gomes. In the letter to Shah Ismail, Albuquerque proposed a joint attack against the Mamluks and the Ottomans:
1828:
in 1513. After that point however, and the reverses of the Mamluks and the Persians against the Ottomans, Venice increasingly favoured a rapprochement with the Ottoman Empire.
1836:
260:
1604:
to fight against them. Some sort of alliance was thus concluded between the Venetians and the Mamluks against the Portuguese. There were claims, voiced during the
1579:
In 1504, the Venetians, who shared common interests with the Mamluks in the spice trade and desired to eliminate the Portuguese challenge if possible, sent envoy
332:
2197:. Published by the Middle East Documentation Center on behalf of the Center for Middle Eastern Studies, University of Chicago. 223, citing Gaspar Correa’s
253:
1901:
on 26 March 1513, at the entrance of the Red Sea and attempted to take the city, but he was repulsed. Sailing into the Red Sea, he destroyed the port of
1825:
325:
1012:
950:
920:
825:
690:
1979:
leading the fleet on 30 September 1515. The fleet also included 3,000 men, 1,300 of whom were Turkish mercenaries. The fleet built a fortress in
840:
1052:
2631:
2611:
1641:
1561:
2601:
1542:
1356:
1309:
1304:
2616:
1378:
1007:
1797:
1791:
1430:
540:
2666:
2651:
2656:
2641:
1102:
383:
2091:
2086:
2031:
1460:
1368:
2661:
2646:
1445:
1212:
640:
560:
1684:
The fleet, again under Amir Husain Al-Kurdi, was sent to India in 1507. The Mamluks allied themselves with the Muslim
992:
2636:
1480:
2050:
with a fleet of 18 ships and 299 cannons, forcing the Portuguese to retreat. The Ottoman failed however in the 1538
1960:, and met with this force with the Sultan Qansuh at Suez in April 1514. Artillery defenses were also established in
440:
2606:
2081:
1272:
1152:
940:
388:
2071:
1289:
1027:
885:
850:
815:
795:
1995:
against the Portuguese in 1517, but by then the war between the Ottomans and the Mamluks was already raging on.
1971:
Following the disruption of the spice trade between India and Mamluk Egypt by the Portuguese, Selman Reis led a
1844:
On the other hand, the Portuguese, who feared a new expedition from the Mamluks, organized a rapprochement with
1670:
In August–September 1507, the Mamluk fleet of about 50 vessels was stationed at Aden, preparing to go to India.
1573:
1485:
1373:
1142:
1017:
870:
810:
740:
570:
403:
2113:
2076:
1383:
1022:
490:
2066:
1818:
1750:
trade completely. However, supply interruption was enough to force prices in Egypt to astronomical levels.
1605:
1506:
and the Portuguese in the Indian Ocean, following the expansion of the Portuguese after sailing around the
1351:
865:
820:
368:
1813:
The rapprochement was such that Venice authorized Ottoman provisioning in its Mediterranean ports such as
2096:
1510:
in 1498. The conflict took place during the early part of the 16th century, from 1505 to the fall of the
1475:
1202:
1147:
28:
905:
1786:
The Venetians, who had been at peace with the Ottomans since the signature of the 1503 Peace Treaty by
1267:
1197:
800:
600:
590:
505:
2038:
was captured by the Ottomans on January 26, 1517, leading to the disintegration of the Mamluk Empire.
1763:
1232:
1435:
1393:
1339:
1242:
1057:
880:
780:
675:
510:
475:
435:
192:
1388:
2626:
2621:
1532:
1511:
1324:
1294:
1207:
1137:
1082:
945:
915:
715:
665:
660:
630:
620:
530:
485:
460:
450:
418:
378:
123:
1470:
1346:
1257:
1247:
1217:
1162:
1127:
1067:
1002:
977:
900:
895:
890:
875:
855:
835:
790:
700:
695:
635:
615:
585:
575:
535:
423:
226:
1546:
1946:
1679:
1284:
1122:
1087:
1072:
982:
972:
930:
925:
775:
770:
720:
650:
525:
393:
306:
2566:
2548:
2515:
2489:
2389:
2321:
2261:
2233:
2214:
2140:
1705:
997:
2580:
2529:
2469:
2440:
2426:
2407:
2363:
2339:
2307:
2289:
2179:
2006:
1652:
1556:
1177:
1157:
1077:
1042:
935:
910:
860:
785:
710:
625:
565:
373:
182:
1398:
1733:
1713:
1645:
1629:
1403:
1222:
1187:
1132:
845:
750:
595:
301:
216:
172:
161:
1172:
730:
8:
2051:
1615:
The Portuguese however kept blockading the Red Sea, and arresting Muslim merchant ships.
1227:
1167:
760:
645:
550:
465:
445:
291:
94:
The Portuguese assert dominance over most of the Indian ocean region and the spice trade.
2101:
1776:
1299:
1097:
1062:
955:
670:
655:
515:
413:
398:
143:
139:
2106:
1768:
1685:
1656:
1507:
1465:
1408:
1252:
1182:
1112:
765:
755:
725:
520:
480:
349:
1608:, that the Venetians had supplied the Mamluks with weapons and skilled shipwrights.
2168:
Conquerors: How Portugal seized the Indian Ocean and forged the first Global Empire
2118:
1933:
1806:
1425:
1319:
1262:
1237:
1117:
1107:
1047:
1037:
987:
967:
705:
680:
605:
580:
470:
408:
1701:
1624:
1585:
1580:
1569:
1455:
1420:
1314:
1192:
1092:
1032:
745:
735:
610:
545:
495:
296:
205:
2582:
A military history of modern Egypt: from the Ottoman Conquest to the Ramadan War
2409:
A military history of modern Egypt: from the Ottoman Conquest to the Ramadan War
2341:
A military history of modern Egypt: from the Ottoman Conquest to the Ramadan War
2001:
1688:, the first naval power of India at that time. The fleet was warmly welcomed in
317:
2023:
1909:
due to contrary winds, and then withdrew to India after again bombarding Aden.
1886:
1779:
against the Portuguese, and they did intervene by pleading their case with the
1660:
1450:
1440:
805:
555:
1329:
245:
2595:
2019:
1787:
1740:
1724:
1334:
830:
500:
2195:
Imperial power and Maritime Trade: Mecca and Cairo in the later Middle Ages
1824:
A Mamluk-Venetian commercial treaty was signed by the ambassador to Cairo
188:
178:
168:
157:
109:
2043:
1953:
1938:
1849:
1636:, where they fortified the city. The fleet then prepared itself to go to
1572:
first sent an envoy to the Pope, in the person of the Grand Prior of the
1528:
236:
1965:
1689:
685:
1693:
1597:
1538:
1596:
to entice them not to trade with the Portuguese, and the Sultans of
1802:
113:
1881:
1502:
refers to the armed engagements between the Egyptian state of the
41:
Portuguese presence in the Indian Ocean in the early 16th century.
2027:
1980:
1957:
1902:
1747:
1709:
1697:
1664:
1593:
1503:
2517:
Ottoman seapower and Levantine diplomacy in the age of discovery
2471:
Ottoman seapower and Levantine diplomacy in the age of discovery
2291:
Ottoman seapower and Levantine diplomacy in the age of discovery
232:
222:
212:
201:
119:
2142:
Islamic & European Expansion: The Forging of a Global Order
2022:
became financially crippled, and was finally vanquished by the
1992:
1972:
1961:
1942:
1922:
1906:
1845:
1814:
1633:
1601:
1589:
1550:
1588:
to take action by getting into contact with Indian princes at
2047:
2035:
1984:
1918:
1862:
1991:
on 17 September 1516. The combined fleet was able to defend
2156:
Portuguese Sea Battles Volume I – The First World Sea Power
1988:
1976:
1914:
1898:
1780:
1637:
1831:
36:
1975:
fleet of 19 ships into the Indian Ocean in 1515. He left
1853:
1771:
favoured the Mamluks and Ottomans against the Portuguese.
1746:
Mamluk resistance prevented the Portuguese from blocking
73:
Portuguese dominance of most of the Indian ocean secured.
2136:
2134:
1775:
The Mamluks again attempted to secure the help of the
2365:
A history of Portuguese overseas expansion, 1400–1668
1876:
82:
Fall of Mamluk Sultanate because of Ottoman invasion.
2568:
An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire
2550:
An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire
2131:
2235:
E.J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam 1913–1936
76:The Mamluk Sultanate becomes financially crippled.
2324:Mecca: a literary history of the Muslim Holy Land
2263:Mecca: a literary history of the Muslim Holy Land
347:
2593:
1632:, left Suez in November and travelled by sea to
2485:
2483:
1817:. Venice also requested Ottoman support in the
1696:, a Mamluk admiral of Dalmatian origin serving
275:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2335:
2333:
2005:Portuguese naval and war banner featuring the
1340:Banda Oriental and Rio Grande do Sul (1762–63)
2229:
2227:
2225:
1704:, where they faced and defeated the fleet of
333:
261:
2480:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2247:
1885:1513 Portuguese attack on Aden, depicted by
2537:
2500:
2448:
2330:
1928:
1905:(June and July 1513). He failed to sail to
1801:Venetian embassy to the Mamluk Governor in
1618:
2442:Trade and civilisation in the Indian Ocean
2431:by George F. Nafziger, Mark W. Walton p.69
2222:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2181:Trade and civilisation in the Indian Ocean
1640:. This coincided with the dispatch of the
340:
326:
268:
254:
79:Failed Portuguese invasion of the red sea.
2523:
2415:
2374:
2350:
2272:
2244:
1673:
2000:
1932:
1880:
1835:
1796:
1762:
1723:
1555:
1537:Following the Portuguese bombardment of
2203:
1871:Letter from Albuquerque to Shah Ismail.
1719:
1700:, as leader of the Mamluk fleet at the
2594:
1564:battled in the Indian Ocean from 1505.
16:1505–1517 conflict in the Indian Ocean
1758:
321:
249:
2632:Military history of the Indian Ocean
2312:by Henri Stierlin,Anne Stierlin p.40
2046:, who in 1525 occupied the Aden and
1500:Egyptian Mamluk–Portuguese conflicts
2612:Wars involving the Mamluk Sultanate
13:
2391:Firearms: a global history to 1700
2327:by Francis E. Peters p.434 Note 82
1877:Portuguese Red Sea campaign (1513)
14:
2678:
2602:Wars involving the Ottoman Empire
2520:by Palmira Johnson Brummett p.118
2491:Rise of Portuguese Power in India
2474:by Palmira Johnson Brummett p.45
2294:by Palmira Johnson Brummett p.34
231:
221:
211:
200:
187:
177:
167:
156:
132:
118:
108:
35:
2574:
2560:
2434:
2400:
2315:
2300:
2072:Adil Shahi-Portuguese conflicts
1937:The Mamluks and Ottomans under
53:March 16, 1505–January 26, 1517
2531:The Ottoman Age of Exploration
2309:Splendours of an Islamic world
2187:
2173:
2161:
2148:
2107:Portuguese conquest of Socotra
1655:started to raid the coasts of
1:
2667:1517 in the Portuguese Empire
2652:1505 in the Portuguese Empire
2585:by Andrew James McGregor p.22
2412:by Andrew James McGregor p.20
2394:by Kenneth Warren Chase p.103
2344:by Andrew James McGregor p.20
2219:by Frederic Chapin Lane p.290
2114:Portuguese conquest of Hormuz
2077:Gujarati-Portuguese conflicts
1832:Persian–Portuguese "alliance"
1728:Battle of Diu, 1509. Diagram.
1692:, and Husain Al-Kurdi joined
1651:In 1506, another fleet under
1644:into the Indian Ocean, under
1522:
1517:
351:Portuguese colonial campaigns
2657:1517 in the Mamluk Sultanate
2642:1505 in the Mamluk Sultanate
2617:Ottoman–Portuguese conflicts
2092:Ottoman–Mamluk War (1516–17)
2087:Ottoman–Mamluk War (1485–91)
2082:Ottoman–Portuguese conflicts
2067:Military history of Portugal
2032:Ottoman–Mamluk War (1516–17)
2013:
2007:Cross of the Order of Christ
1819:War of the League of Cambrai
1753:
1606:War of the League of Cambrai
7:
2216:Venice, a maritime republic
2154:Saturnino Monteiro (2011),
2097:Somali-Portuguese conflicts
2060:
1642:7th Portuguese India Armada
1574:Saint Catherine's Monastery
1568:In 1504, the Mamluk Sultan
1562:7th Portuguese India Armada
1543:2nd Portuguese India Armada
279:Mamluk–Portuguese conflicts
29:Portuguese presence in Asia
22:Mamluk–Portuguese conflicts
10:
2683:
2662:1517 in the Ottoman Empire
2647:1505 in the Ottoman Empire
2266:by Francis E. Peters p.176
1947:Portuguese attack in 1517.
1917:and to the holy cities of
1731:
1677:
1623:In 1505 the Mamluk Sultan
1526:
359:
287:
193:Lopo Soares de Albergaria
149:
102:
45:
34:
26:
21:
2637:16th century in Portugal
2554:, by Halil İnalcik p.321
2124:
1929:Red Sea campaigns (1517)
1708:, son of the Portuguese
1619:Mamluk expedition (1505)
1533:Portuguese India Armadas
1379:Banda Oriental (1816–20)
1357:Banda Oriental (1776–77)
1310:Banda Oriental (1735–37)
1083:Cape of Good Hope (1630)
173:Dom Francisco de Almeida
2607:Wars involving Portugal
2445:by K. N. Chaudhuri p.67
2428:Islam at war: a history
2368:by M. D. D. Newitt p.87
2238:by M. Th. Houtsma p.720
2184:by K. N. Chaudhuri p.67
1481:Guinea-Bissau (1963–74)
1013:Coromandel Coast (1619)
227:Alaa el-Din bin el-Emam
2571:by Halil İnalcik p.323
2494:by R.S. Whiteway p.153
2145:by Adas, Michael p.113
2010:
1949:
1890:
1874:
1841:
1810:
1772:
1729:
1680:Battle of Chaul (1508)
1674:Battle of Chaul (1508)
1565:
1394:Mozambique (1847–1910)
1018:Persian Gulf (1621–22)
921:Indian Ocean (1586–89)
691:Indian Ocean (1538–60)
491:Persian Gulf (1507–15)
456:Indian Ocean (1505–17)
150:Commanders and leaders
2534:Giancarlo Casale p.32
2193:Meloy, J. L. (2010).
2004:
1983:, but failed to take
1936:
1884:
1858:
1839:
1805:in 1511, workshop of
1800:
1766:
1727:
1653:Afonso de Albuquerque
1559:
1527:Further information:
1273:East Africa (1696–98)
561:Sri Lanka (1520–1658)
183:Afonso de Albuquerque
1792:Ottoman–Venetian War
1767:The Venetians under
1734:Battle of Diu (1509)
1720:Battle of Diu (1509)
1714:Francisco de Almeida
1646:Francisco de Almeida
1630:Amir Husain Al-Kurdi
1486:Mozambique (1964–74)
1451:Mozambique (1917-18)
1446:Mozambique (1917–18)
1431:East Timor (1911–12)
1369:French Guiana (1809)
1223:2nd Sri Lanka (1654)
1218:1st Sri Lanka (1654)
641:Moluccas (1530–1607)
217:Amir Husain Al-Kurdi
1706:Lourenço de Almeida
1058:Persian Gulf (1625)
1028:Persian Gulf (1622)
998:Persian Gulf (1614)
941:Sri Lanka (1587–88)
926:Persian Gulf (1586)
811:Sri Lanka (1557–58)
801:Gulf of Oman (1554)
786:Persian Gulf (1551)
656:Persian Gulf (1534)
636:Persian Gulf (1529)
2322:Ayalon, quoted in
2102:Portuguese Socotra
2030:, on land, in the
2011:
1950:
1891:
1842:
1811:
1773:
1759:Venetian diplomacy
1730:
1566:
1541:in 1500–01 by the
1441:Angola (1914–1917)
1352:Angola (1774–1778)
1163:Malaysia (1640–41)
1103:East Africa (1632)
1023:Trincomalee (1622)
993:Brazil (1612–1615)
726:East Africa (1542)
686:Brazil (1534–1536)
631:East Africa (1528)
546:East Africa (1517)
471:East Africa (1507)
451:East Africa (1505)
144:Kingdom of Calicut
140:Republic of Venice
1826:Domenico Trevisan
1769:Leonardo Loredano
1686:Gujarat Sultanate
1508:Cape of Good Hope
1496:
1495:
1409:Mozambique (1895)
1404:Mozambique (1895)
1228:Malabar (1658–63)
1128:Gold Coast (1637)
1068:Gold Coast (1625)
956:India (1599–1600)
871:Chaul (1570–1571)
756:Insulindia (1545)
611:Insulindia (1526)
606:Insulindia (1525)
601:Sumatra (1523–24)
576:Insulindia (1521)
436:India (1500–1513)
389:Morocco (1463–64)
315:
314:
244:
243:
98:
97:
2674:
2586:
2578:
2572:
2564:
2558:
2546:
2535:
2527:
2521:
2513:
2498:
2487:
2478:
2467:
2446:
2438:
2432:
2424:
2413:
2404:
2398:
2387:
2372:
2361:
2348:
2337:
2328:
2319:
2313:
2304:
2298:
2287:
2270:
2259:
2242:
2231:
2220:
2212:
2201:
2191:
2185:
2177:
2171:
2170:by Roger Crowley
2165:
2159:
2152:
2146:
2138:
2119:Portuguese India
1872:
1807:Giovanni Bellini
1512:Mamluk Sultanate
1476:Angola (1961–74)
1471:Africa (1961–74)
1436:Angola (1914–15)
1421:Angola (1902–04)
1384:Brazil (1821–25)
1335:Brazil (1762–63)
1213:Brazil (1652–54)
1168:Angola (1641–48)
1118:Arabia (1633–43)
881:Mangalore (1571)
796:Arabia (1552–54)
354:
352:
342:
335:
328:
319:
318:
292:Pandarane (1504)
282:
280:
270:
263:
256:
247:
246:
235:
225:
215:
204:
191:
181:
171:
160:
138:
136:
135:
124:Mamluk Sultanate
122:
112:
47:
46:
39:
19:
18:
2682:
2681:
2677:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2672:
2671:
2627:1510s conflicts
2622:1500s conflicts
2592:
2591:
2590:
2589:
2579:
2575:
2565:
2561:
2547:
2538:
2528:
2524:
2514:
2501:
2488:
2481:
2468:
2449:
2439:
2435:
2425:
2416:
2405:
2401:
2388:
2375:
2362:
2351:
2338:
2331:
2320:
2316:
2305:
2301:
2288:
2273:
2260:
2245:
2232:
2223:
2213:
2204:
2199:Lendas da India
2192:
2188:
2178:
2174:
2166:
2162:
2153:
2149:
2139:
2132:
2127:
2063:
2016:
1931:
1879:
1873:
1870:
1834:
1821:, but in vain.
1761:
1756:
1736:
1722:
1702:battle of Chaul
1682:
1676:
1625:Qansuh al-Ghuri
1621:
1586:Qansuh al-Ghuri
1581:Francesco Teldi
1570:Qansuh al-Ghuri
1535:
1525:
1520:
1497:
1492:
1456:Timor (1942–43)
1374:China (1809–10)
1305:India (1729–32)
1178:India (1644–45)
1143:India (1638–39)
1073:Malaysia (1628)
1003:Malaysia (1615)
983:Malaysia (1606)
978:Malaysia (1606)
936:Malaysia (1587)
931:Malaysia (1586)
901:Malaysia (1575)
896:Malaysia (1574)
891:Malaysia (1573)
886:India (1570–75)
866:Goa (1570–1571)
806:Pakistan (1557)
791:Malaysia (1551)
771:Malaysia (1547)
751:Ethiopia (1543)
746:Ethiopia (1542)
741:Ethiopia (1542)
736:Ethiopia (1542)
731:Ethiopia (1542)
721:Ethiopia (1542)
716:Ethiopia (1541)
681:Moluccas (1536)
676:Malaysia (1536)
671:Malaysia (1535)
661:Malaysia (1534)
596:Malaysia (1523)
556:Malaysia (1520)
511:Malaysia (1511)
355:
350:
348:
346:
316:
311:
283:
278:
276:
274:
206:Qansuh al-Ghuri
142:
133:
131:
130:
126:
90:
63:
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2680:
2670:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2588:
2587:
2573:
2559:
2536:
2522:
2499:
2479:
2447:
2433:
2414:
2399:
2373:
2349:
2329:
2314:
2299:
2271:
2243:
2221:
2202:
2186:
2172:
2160:
2147:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2062:
2059:
2024:Ottoman Empire
2015:
2012:
1930:
1927:
1887:Gaspar Correia
1878:
1875:
1868:
1833:
1830:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1732:Main article:
1721:
1718:
1678:Main article:
1675:
1672:
1661:Horn of Africa
1620:
1617:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1412:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1347:Morocco (1769)
1344:
1343:
1342:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1158:Morocco (1640)
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1078:Malacca (1629)
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
973:Sumatra (1606)
970:
964:
963:
959:
958:
953:
948:
946:Mombasa (1589)
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
906:Morocco (1578)
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
876:Honavar (1571)
873:
868:
863:
861:Sumatra (1569)
858:
856:Malacca (1568)
853:
848:
843:
841:Morocco (1564)
838:
836:Morocco (1562)
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
711:Red Sea (1541)
708:
706:Red Sea (1541)
703:
701:Red Sea (1541)
698:
696:Red Sea (1541)
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
651:Morocco (1533)
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
626:Sumatra (1528)
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
586:Sumatra (1522)
583:
578:
573:
571:Bahrain (1521)
568:
566:Sumatra (1521)
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
541:Morocco (1516)
538:
536:Morocco (1515)
533:
531:Morocco (1515)
528:
526:Morocco (1514)
523:
521:Morocco (1514)
518:
516:Morocco (1513)
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
481:Socotra (1507)
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
443:
441:Algeria (1501)
438:
432:
431:
427:
426:
424:Morocco (1490)
421:
419:Morocco (1489)
416:
414:Morocco (1487)
411:
406:
404:Morocco (1471)
401:
399:Morocco (1471)
396:
394:Morocco (1468)
391:
386:
384:Morocco (1458)
381:
379:Morocco (1437)
376:
374:Morocco (1419)
371:
369:Morocco (1415)
365:
364:
360:
357:
356:
345:
344:
337:
330:
322:
313:
312:
310:
309:
304:
299:
294:
288:
285:
284:
273:
272:
265:
258:
250:
242:
241:
240:
239:
229:
219:
197:
196:
195:
185:
175:
152:
151:
147:
146:
116:
105:
104:
100:
99:
96:
95:
92:
86:
85:
84:
83:
80:
77:
74:
69:
65:
64:
61:
59:
55:
54:
51:
43:
42:
32:
31:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2679:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2584:
2583:
2577:
2570:
2569:
2563:
2557:
2553:
2551:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2533:
2532:
2526:
2519:
2518:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2497:
2493:
2492:
2486:
2484:
2477:
2473:
2472:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2444:
2443:
2437:
2430:
2429:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2411:
2410:
2403:
2397:
2393:
2392:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2371:
2367:
2366:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2347:
2343:
2342:
2336:
2334:
2326:
2325:
2318:
2311:
2310:
2303:
2297:
2293:
2292:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2269:
2265:
2264:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2241:
2237:
2236:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2218:
2217:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2200:
2196:
2190:
2183:
2182:
2176:
2169:
2164:
2157:
2151:
2144:
2143:
2137:
2135:
2130:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2020:Mamluk Empire
2008:
2003:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1935:
1926:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1894:
1888:
1883:
1867:
1864:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1838:
1829:
1827:
1822:
1820:
1816:
1808:
1804:
1799:
1795:
1793:
1789:
1788:Andrea Gritti
1784:
1782:
1778:
1770:
1765:
1751:
1749:
1744:
1742:
1741:Battle of Diu
1735:
1726:
1717:
1715:
1712:of India, D.
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1681:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1649:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1626:
1616:
1613:
1609:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1563:
1558:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1534:
1530:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1426:Angola (1907)
1424:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1330:Brazil (1756)
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1300:Angola (1723)
1298:
1296:
1295:Brazil (1711)
1293:
1291:
1290:Brazil (1710)
1288:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1263:Angola (1681)
1261:
1259:
1258:Angola (1671)
1256:
1254:
1253:Angola (1670)
1251:
1249:
1248:Angola (1670)
1246:
1244:
1243:Brazil (1666)
1241:
1239:
1238:Angola (1665)
1236:
1234:
1233:Margão (1659)
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1208:Arabia (1650)
1206:
1204:
1203:Brazil (1649)
1201:
1199:
1198:Brazil (1648)
1196:
1194:
1193:Angola (1647)
1191:
1189:
1188:Brazil (1645)
1186:
1184:
1183:Brazil (1645)
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1173:Brazil (1641)
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1153:Brazil (1640)
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1138:Brazil (1638)
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1123:Brazil (1636)
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1113:Arabia (1633)
1111:
1109:
1108:Bengal (1632)
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1098:Brazil (1631)
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1088:Brazil (1630)
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1063:Brazil (1625)
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1053:Angola (1624)
1051:
1049:
1048:Brazil (1624)
1046:
1044:
1043:Angola (1623)
1041:
1039:
1038:Angola (1622)
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1008:Jaffna (1619)
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
965:
961:
960:
957:
954:
952:
951:Jaffna (1591)
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
916:Arabia (1581)
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
851:Brazil (1567)
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
826:Jaffna (1560)
824:
822:
819:
817:
816:Brazil (1558)
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
781:Arabia (1548)
779:
777:
776:Arabia (1548)
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
591:Arabia (1523)
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
486:Arabia (1507)
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
433:
429:
428:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
409:Guinea (1478)
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
366:
362:
361:
358:
353:
343:
338:
336:
331:
329:
324:
323:
320:
308:
307:Jeddah (1517)
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
289:
286:
281:
271:
266:
264:
259:
257:
252:
251:
248:
238:
234:
230:
228:
224:
220:
218:
214:
210:
209:
208:
207:
203:
198:
194:
190:
186:
184:
180:
176:
174:
170:
166:
165:
164:
163:
159:
154:
153:
148:
145:
141:
129:
128:Supported by:
125:
121:
117:
115:
111:
107:
106:
101:
93:
88:
87:
81:
78:
75:
72:
71:
70:
67:
66:
60:
57:
56:
52:
49:
48:
44:
38:
33:
30:
25:
20:
2581:
2576:
2567:
2562:
2555:
2549:
2530:
2525:
2516:
2495:
2490:
2475:
2470:
2441:
2436:
2427:
2408:
2402:
2395:
2390:
2369:
2364:
2345:
2340:
2323:
2317:
2308:
2302:
2295:
2290:
2267:
2262:
2239:
2234:
2215:
2198:
2194:
2189:
2180:
2175:
2167:
2163:
2155:
2150:
2141:
2056:
2052:Siege of Diu
2040:
2017:
1997:
1970:
1951:
1911:
1895:
1892:
1859:
1843:
1823:
1812:
1785:
1774:
1745:
1737:
1683:
1669:
1650:
1622:
1614:
1610:
1578:
1567:
1536:
1499:
1498:
1466:India (1961)
1461:India (1954)
1415:20th century
1399:China (1849)
1389:China (1846)
1363:19th century
1325:India (1752)
1320:India (1746)
1315:India (1746)
1285:India (1704)
1279:18th century
1268:India (1693)
1148:India (1639)
1133:India (1638)
1093:Jambi (1630)
1033:China (1622)
988:India (1612)
962:17th century
911:India (1581)
846:Japan (1565)
831:Japan (1561)
821:India (1559)
766:India (1547)
761:India (1546)
666:Tunis (1535)
646:India (1531)
616:India (1526)
581:China (1521)
506:India (1510)
501:India (1509)
496:India (1508)
476:India (1507)
466:India (1506)
461:India (1506)
455:
446:India (1504)
430:16th century
363:15th century
297:Chaul (1508)
277:
199:
155:
127:
103:Belligerents
62:Indian Ocean
2044:Selman Reis
1954:Selman Reis
1952:In 1514–16
1939:Selman Reis
1850:Shah Ismail
1840:Shah İsmail
1529:Spice trade
968:Java (1601)
621:Java (1527)
237:Selman Reis
89:Territorial
2596:Categories
2552:, Volume 1
1966:Alexandria
1945:against a
1790:after the
1523:Background
1518:Operations
551:Goa (1517)
302:Diu (1509)
2014:Aftermath
1941:defended
1777:Venetians
1754:Diplomacy
1694:Meliqueaz
1514:in 1517.
2061:See also
1869:—
1803:Damascus
1659:and the
162:Manuel I
114:Portugal
58:Location
27:Part of
2028:Selim I
1981:Kamaran
1958:Selim I
1903:Kamaran
1748:Red Sea
1710:viceroy
1698:Gujarat
1665:Socotra
1598:Calicut
1594:Cananor
1539:Calicut
1504:Mamluks
91:changes
2158:p. 273
2026:under
1993:Jeddah
1973:Mamluk
1962:Jeddah
1943:Jeddah
1923:Medina
1907:Jeddah
1846:Persia
1815:Cyprus
1657:Arabia
1634:Jeddah
1602:Cambay
1590:Cochin
1551:Panane
1547:Cabral
1545:under
137:
68:Result
2125:Notes
2048:Yemen
2036:Cairo
1985:Yemen
1919:Mecca
1863:Cairo
2018:The
1989:Aden
1987:and
1977:Suez
1964:and
1921:and
1915:Suez
1899:Aden
1866:them
1781:Pope
1638:Aden
1600:and
1592:and
1560:The
1531:and
50:Date
1854:Goa
1852:at
1690:Diu
2598::
2556:ff
2539:^
2502:^
2496:ff
2482:^
2476:ff
2450:^
2417:^
2396:ff
2376:^
2370:ff
2352:^
2346:ff
2332:^
2296:ff
2274:^
2268:ff
2246:^
2240:ff
2224:^
2205:^
2133:^
2054:.
2034:.
1783:.
1743:.
1716:.
1648:.
1553:.
2009:.
1889:.
1809:.
341:e
334:t
327:v
269:e
262:t
255:v
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