1056:'Maltese can develop luxating patellas, an inherited condition where one or both of the kneecaps pop in and out of place. Although patellar luxation is not generally considered a painful condition, it may cause the dog to favor one leg and can predispose them to other knee injuries (such as a cranial cruciate ligament tear) and arthritis. Depending on the severity of the luxating patella, surgery may be recommended to prevent further injury and improve your Maltese’s quality of life. Responsible Maltese breeders will screen their puppies for heart abnormalities such as patent ductus arteriosus. PDA is an inherited condition where the ductus arteriosus, the normal opening between the two major blood vessels in the heart that closes shortly after birth, does not close. This condition causes blood to flow improperly and forces the left side of the heart to work harder. This leads to eventual failure of that chamber.Depending on the size of the opening, dogs may show minimal symptoms to severe signs of heart failure.' {sfn
176:
195:
608:, and his kennels were considered to have furnished the finest strain for subsequent Maltese breeding. From the 19th. century onwards, the requirement emerged for the Maltese to have an exclusively white coat. Despite the unknown provenance, by the close of the century, the dog-expert William Drury noted that nearly all English writers of that period associated the breed with Malta, without adducing any evidence for the claim.
641:
41:
656:. The colour is pure white, however a pale ivory tinge or light brown spotting is permitted. Adult weight is usually 3–4 kg (7–9 lb). Females are about 20–23 cm (8–9 in) tall, males slightly more. They behave in a lively, calm, and affectionate manner. The Maltese does not shed. Like other white dogs, they may show tear-stains.
846:Ὄνος καὶ κυνίδιον 275:Ἔχων τις κύνα Μελιταῖον καὶ ὄνον διετέλει ἀεὶ τῷ κυνὶ προσπαίζων· καὶ δή, εἴ ποτε ἔξω ἐδείπνει, διεκόμιζέ τι αὐτῷ, καὶ προσιόντι καὶ σαίνοντι παρέβαλλεν. Ὁ δὲ ὄνος φθονήσας προσέδραμε καὶ σκιρτῶν ἐλάκτιζεν αὐτόν. Καὶ ὃς ἀγανακτήσας ἐκέλευσε παίοντας αὐτὸν ἀπαγαγεῖν καὶ τῇ φάτνῃ προσδῆσαι (
461:
state that despite the rich history of the ancient breed, the modern
Maltese, like many other breeds, cannot be linked by pedigree to that ancient genealogy, but, rather, emerged in the Victorian era by regulating the crossing of existing varieties of dog to produce a type that could be registered as
907:"Other wanderers shall dwell in the isle of Melita near Othronus, round which the Sicanian wave laps beside Pachynus, grazing the steep promontory that in after time shall bear the name of the son of Sisyphus, and the famous shrine of the maiden Longatis, where Helorus empties his chilly stream." (
666:
Of note, the breed is also highly recommended for those with dog allergies. This is as the breed is considered hypoallergenic; hence, those with dog allergies may be able to tolerate them. Specifically, some people with dog allergies may be able to tolerate living with a
Maltese as they shed less
1683:
Roccaro, Mariana; Salini, Romolo; Pietra, Marco; Sgorbini, Micaela; Gori, Eleonora; Dondi, Maurizio; Crisi, Paolo E.; Conte, Annamaria; Dalla Villa, Paolo; Podaliri, Michele; Ciaramella, Paolo; Di Palma, Cristina; Passantino, Annamaria; Porciello, Francesco; Gianella, Paola; Guglielmini, Carlo;
576:
to select for puppies with a longer "feather" or fleecing on their ears and limbs. Some time later, the London market began to deal in what were called "Maltese" dogs. These had no known connection to that island, and one of the breeders, T. V. H. Lukey, associated with the
428:, notorious for the extreme punctiliousness of their refined tastes, to delight in the company of owl-faced jester-dwarfs and Melite lap-dogs (rather than in their fellow human beings), with the latter accompanying them even when they went to exercise in the gymnasia.
619:
in 1877. From that time they were occasionally crossed with poodles, and a stud book, based on the issue of two females, was established in 1901. By the 1950s, this registry counted roughly 50 dogs in its pedigree table. The
Maltese was recognised as a breed by the
371:. Envious of the spoiling attentions lavished on the pup, the ass tries to frolic and be winsome also, in order to enter his master's graces and be treated kindly, only to be beaten off and tethered to its manger.
251:
The modern variety traditionally has a silky, pure-white coat, hanging ears and a tail that curves over its back, and weighs up to 3–4 kg (7–9 lb). The
Maltese does not shed. The Maltese is kept for
493:, wrote in 1536 that, while classical authors wrote of Maltese dogs, which perhaps might formerly have been born there, the local Maltese people of his time were no longer familiar with the species.
2523:
The Up-to-date Toy Dog: The
History, Points and Standards of English Toy Spaniels, Japanese Spaniels, Pomeranians, Toy Terriers, Pugs, Pekinese, Griffon Bruxellois, Maltese and Italian Greyhounds
268:
The old variety of
Maltese appears to have been the most common or favourite pet, or certainly household dog, in antiquity. Dogs of various sizes and shapes are depicted on vases and
1045:"Huic insulae Strabo nobiles illos, adagio, non minus quam medicinis, canes adscribit, inde Melitaeos dictos, Plinio, & nunc etiam incolis ignotos, tunc forte nascebantur."
982:: "also Melitê lap-dogs. Which accompany them even to the gymnasia..The Sybarites, on the contrary, took delight in Melitê puppies and human beings who were less than human."
873:"The identity of this island called Melite has been much discussed, but the evident proximity to Cape Pachynos, the southern promontory of Sicily, clearly indicates Malta." (
2612:
Dogs and People in Social, Working, Economic or
Symbolic Interaction: Proceedings of the 9th Conference of the International Council of Archaeozoology, Durham, August 2002
2332:
Dogs and People in Social, Working, Economic or
Symbolic Interaction: Proceedings of the 9th Conference of the International Council of Archaeozoology, Durham, August 2002
462:
a distinct breed. The
Maltese and similar breeds such as the Havanese, Bichon and Bolognese, are indeed related, perhaps through a common ancestor resulting from a severe
732:"small dogs were also kept as household pets. The commonest of these seems to be an animal resembling the Maltese, an animal with small upright ears and long hair." (
596:
in 1862, when a breeder, R. Mandeville, took first prize and continued to do so in subsequent years. From 1869 to 1879, Mandeville swept the board of most shows in
2717:
The dogs of the
British Islands, being a series of articles on the points of their various breeds, and the treatment of the diseases to which they are subject
385:
writing in the Ist century CE, identified Melite – the home of this ancient dog variety – as the Adriatic island, rather than Malta. Conversely, the poem
283:
Numerous references to these dogs are found in Ancient Greek and Roman literature. Ancient writers variously attribute its origin either to the island of
416:). One feature he identifies with this character type is that if his pet dog dies he will erect a memorial slab commemorating his "scion of Melita."
236:
breeds. The precise link, if any, between the modern and ancient breeds is not known. Nicholas Cutillo suggested that Maltese dogs might descend from
2582:
483:
445:
named "Issa" owned by his friend Publius. It has been claimed that Issa was a Maltese dog, and that various sources link this Publius with the
1989:
2304:
568:
of toy dog enthusiasts took to importing exemplars of the Chinese spaniel, with their short faces and snub noses, and crossbred these with
2663:
2566:
Memoirs of Sir Edwin Landseer: A Sketch of the Life of the Artist, Illustrated with Reproductions of Twenty-four of His Most Popular Works
1739:
979:καὶ κυνάρια Μελιταῖα, ἅπερ αὐτοῖς καὶ ἕπεσθαι εἰς τὰ γυμνάσια; οἱ Συβαρῖται ἔχαιρον τοῖς Μελιταίοις κυνιδίοις καὶ ἀνθρώποις οὐκ ἀνθρώποις
449:, but nothing is known of this Publius, other than that he was an unidentified friend of Paulus, a member of Martial's literary circle.
2360:
939:πρόκειται δὲ τοῦ Παχύνου Μελίτη, ὅθεν τὰ κυνίδια ἃ καλοῦσι Μελιταῖα καὶ Γαῦδος, ὀγδοήκοντα καὶ ὀκτὼ μίλια τῆς ἄκρας ἀμφότεραι διέχουσαι
625:
144:
2715:
2153:
1634:
McMillan, Kirsten M.; Bielby, Jon; Williams, Carys L.; Upjohn, Melissa M.; Casey, Rachel A.; Christley, Robert M. (1 February 2024).
557:
393:, which is now thought to have been composed around 190 BCE, also alludes to the island of Melite, but identified it as Malta.
3262:
2014:
317:, also called Melita in Latin. The uncertainty continues, but recent scholarship generally supports the identification with Malta.
276:
in the nineteenth century and now lost, an illustration of a small dog with a pointed muzzle is accompanied by the word μελιταῖε,
132:
3033:
1869:
2757:
2701:
2652:
2623:
2596:
2550:
2422:
2343:
2265:
2135:
2057:
1957:
1938:
1859:
1768:
695:
A 2024 UK study found a life expectancy of 13.1 years for the breed compared to an average of 12.7 for purebreeds and 12 for
960:: "Or if his little Melitean dog has died, he will put up a little memorial slab, with the inscription, a scion of Melita."
3152:
2869:
864:: "(between Corcyra Melaena) and Illyricum is Meleda, from which according to Callimachus Maltese terriers get their name".
1968:
758:"The commonest pet was the small white long-coated Maltese dog represented on 5th-cent. BC Attic vases and gravestones." (
2240:
1808:
533:, with its distinctive white and chestnut mantle. Red and white mantled varieties of these toy pets, the King Charles or
490:
2794:
2049:
1835:
The Complete Dog Book. The care, handling, and feeding of dogs; and Pure bred dogs; the recognized breeds and standards
946:
lies Melita, whence come the little dogs called Melitaean, and Gaudos, both eighty-eight miles distant from the Cape."
2492:
2466:
1833:
1822:
1794:
2536:
412:
who exercises a petty pride in pursuing a showy ambition to be particularly fastidious in his taste (Μικροφιλοτιμία/
367:
contrasts the spoiling of a Maltese by his owner, compared to life of the toilsome neglect suffered by the master's
612:
2328:"Sickness and in Health: Care for an Arthritic Maltese Dog from the Roman Cemetery of Yasmina, Carthage, Tunisia"
537:
Blenheim breeds, were all the fashion in the 17th.century, down through the early decades of the 19th.century.
2849:
2432:
2318:
2290:
522:
2608:"Companions from the Oldest Times: Dogs in Ancient Greek Literature, Iconography and Osteological Testimony"
2521:
2200:
957:καὶ κυναρίου δὲ Μελιταίου τελευτήσαντος αὐτῷ μνῆμα ποιῆσαι καὶ στηλίδιον ποιήσας ἐπιγράψαι ΚΛΑΔΟΣ ΜΕΛΙΤΑΙΟΣ
3147:
517:
stated that they were known as "Melitei" hailing from Malta, though the species he describes were actually
2068:
811:
is the proper adjective for Melite/Malta, whereas the adjective for Melite/Mljet must have been Μελιτήνος/
920:
This confusion between Malta and Mljet also recurs in ancient references to the site of the shipwreck of
530:
3042:
3026:
2542:
2370:
2032:
699:. A 2024 Italian study found a life expectancy of 11 years for the breed compared to 10 years overall.
2042:"Dogs and Humans in Ancient Greece and Rome: Towards a Definition of Extended Appropriate Interaction"
175:
3257:
3073:
466:
when a handful of petite canine varieties began to be selected for mating around two centuries ago.
2819:
2560:
2314:
2261:
2145:
961:
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20:
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1997:
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1814:
589:
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1839:
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349:
294:
3058:
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2441:
2204:
2162:
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1778:
925:
834:
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244:
with their short snout, pricked ears, and bulbous heads. These two varieties, according to
180:
8:
3267:
3127:
2859:
2678:
2353:
2274:
2023:
861:"inter quam et Illyricum Melite, unde catulos Melitaeos appellari Callimachus auctor est"
487:
149:
1668:
1635:
815:
has been challenged by the Maltese scholar Horatio Vella, who cites the adjectival form
293:
in Latin, – a name which derives from the Carthaginian city of that name on the island,
3190:
2919:
2879:
2512:
2414:
2410:
In Search of the Sorcerer's Apprentice: The traditional tales of Lucian's Lover of Lies
2395:
2387:
2187:
2107:
2099:
2073:
1910:
1902:
1786:
1735:
795:
713:
601:
548:, a portrait of a dog named Quiz, a petite flossy white creature poised next to a huge
397:, writing in the early first century AD, attributed its origin to the island of Malta.
375:
652:
is dense, glossy, silky and shiny, falling heavily along the body without curls or an
3242:
3162:
3106:
3083:
3063:
2984:
2889:
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2753:
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2619:
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2149:
2131:
2111:
2053:
1953:
1934:
1914:
1855:
1818:
1790:
1764:
1655:
965:
500:
364:
356:
1702:
1685:
3221:
3111:
3078:
2741:
2733:
2711:
2693:
2379:
2253:
2179:
2119:
2091:
1894:
1885:
1851:
1707:
1697:
1663:
1647:
921:
660:
561:
549:
409:
3247:
3101:
2969:
2964:
2864:
2854:
2638:
2506:
2476:
2450:
2437:
1993:
1754:
1684:
Alborali, Giovanni L.; Rota Nodari, Sara; Sabatelli, Sonia; Peli, Angelo (2024).
771:
578:
526:
421:
382:
332:, "small dog from Melita"). In its unusual smallness it was variously likened to
2824:
2242:
Modern Dogs (Non-Sporting Division), including Toy, Pet, Fancy, and Ladies' Dogs
3068:
2944:
2874:
2844:
2829:
1973:
1651:
553:
541:
241:
184:
2979:
2924:
2095:
1898:
659:
The breed may be prone to health problems such as liver and heart issues, and
3236:
3211:
3206:
3185:
3142:
3132:
2894:
2834:
2814:
2644:
1922:
1745:
1659:
684:
676:
616:
446:
321:
253:
245:
229:
194:
2383:
2170:
Johnson, Helen M. (19 May 1919). "The Portrayal of the Dog on Greek Vases".
663:. They should be checked for conditions like "Patent Ductus Arteriosus").}}
2929:
2884:
2629:
2502:
2220:
1930:
1760:
943:
479:
401:
298:
233:
165:
968:, argued that the reference was to the Illyrian Melita, rather than Malta.
2954:
2615:
2335:
830:
582:
534:
378:
137:
2391:
1712:
208:
refers both to an ancient variety of dwarf, white-coated dog breed from
3180:
2904:
2724:
2527:
2249:
2191:
649:
597:
496:
3011:
2939:
2909:
2103:
1906:
745:"the favourite pet dog of antiquity seems to have been the Maltese." (
2934:
2282:
1804:
1321:
829:: "others dwelt about the peaks of the Meliteian mountain") from the
791:
653:
629:
593:
417:
390:
345:
221:
217:
2526:. Battle Creek, Michigan: The Dogdom Publishing Company – via
2183:
2041:
2959:
1636:"Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death"
680:
352:
341:
310:
257:
199:
424:(12:518–519), states that it was a characteristic of the Sicilian
240:, and that the ancient variety probably was similar to the latter
3172:
2839:
2803:
708:
696:
640:
573:
518:
442:
438:
425:
314:
269:
2538:
In the company of animals: a study of human-animal relationships
476:
3093:
3000:
2578:
1832:
Blarney, Edwin Reginald; Inglee, Charles Topping, eds. (1949).
458:
394:
368:
333:
225:
2508:
Insulae Melitae descriptio ex commentariis rerum quotidianarum
1133:
683:. It is ranked 59th of 79 breeds assessed for intelligence by
588:
A strain of this type was accepted as a distinct class at the
40:
3050:
1731:
1686:"Factors related to longevity and mortality of dogs in Italy"
1531:
977:
955:
937:
888:
824:
348:, refers to the island of Malta, according to Busuttil. The
306:
302:
284:
273:
237:
213:
209:
1633:
1357:
272:. On one Attic amphora from about 500 BC, excavated at
248:, were perhaps the first dogs employed as human companions.
2772:
2082:
Gosling, W. F. (February 1935). "Pets in Classical Times".
2016:
British Dogs: Their Points, Selection, and Show Preparation
1682:
1309:
1196:
611:
A white dog was shown as a "Maltese Lion Dog" at the first
359:, referred to himself as a "Maltese dog" (κύων.. Μελιταῖος/
1227:
1225:
1223:
1121:
355:, Aristotle's contemporary, according to the testimony of
344:. The word "Melita" in this adjectival form, attested in
2949:
2640:
The Maltese Dog-A Complete Anthology of the Dog 1860-1940
1345:
1297:
569:
1507:
1381:
1162:
1160:
1567:
1471:
1449:
1447:
1432:
1422:
1420:
1405:
1285:
1261:
1220:
823:
defining a mountain in the Adriatic area near Corcyra (
581:, stated that his own Maltese strain was imported from
1543:
1184:
404:(371 – c. 287 BC), in his sketch of moral types,
1756:
The Dog Selector: How to Choose the Right Dog for You
1591:
1393:
1369:
1333:
1157:
2046:
Dog's Best Friend?: Rethinking Canid-Human Relations
1777:
1615:
1495:
1483:
1444:
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1109:
1107:
1094:
1092:
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1237:
1172:
1145:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1072:
2610:. In Snyder, Lynn M.; Moore, Elizabeth A. (eds.).
2330:. In Snyder, Lynn M.; Moore, Elizabeth A. (eds.).
1579:
1459:
2325:
1603:
1139:
1104:
212:and generally associated also with the island of
3234:
1069:
1020:And scarce to sigh or draw her breath she dares.
1014:Her plaintive voice falls sad as one that weeps;
564:, shortly after Landseer's canvases, the London
328:-"dwarf dog") was called a Μελιταῖον κυνίδιον (
2731:
2519:
2368:Moore, Mary B. (2008). "The Hegesiboulos Cup".
1555:
1537:
1022:Her, lest the day of fate should nothing leave,
759:
2044:. In Sorenson, John; Matsuoka, Atsuko (eds.).
1646:(1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
546:The Lion Dog from Malta: The Last of his Tribe
452:
3027:
2788:
2744:; Spawforth, Antony; Eidinow, Esther (eds.).
2671:Occasional Papers on Islands and Small States
2361:Fédération Cynologique Internationale (AISBL)
2201:"Does a Completely Hypoallergenic Dog Exist?"
1831:
1363:
1016:Her master's cares and woes alike she shares;
1004:Than kisses from the amorous turtle's tongue,
624:in 1888. It was definitively accepted by the
389:ascribed to his equally erudite contemporary
1969:"The Maltese dog: a toy for ancient royalty"
263:
2605:
2326:MacKinnon, Michael; Belanger, Kyle (2006).
2218:
1043:
859:
733:
504:
470:
437:. During the first century, the Roman poet
432:
288:
3034:
3020:
2795:
2781:
2118:
1032:Both real or both depicted you would say.
1026:Where you so lifelike Issa might perceive.
1010:Issa's more precious than the Indian pearl
874:
556:as a birthday present for her mother, the
39:
2679:Islands and Small States Institute, Malta
2281:
2198:
1803:
1711:
1701:
1667:
1597:
1327:
1024:In pictured form my Publius has portrayed
1018:Softly reclined upon his neck she sleeps,
1012:Issa's my Publius' favourite and delight.
998:Issa's more full of sport and wanton play
908:
420:, in his voluminous early 3rd century CE
2559:
2449:
2260:
1883:Busuttil, J. (1969). "The Maltese Dog".
1882:
1845:
1752:
1573:
1549:
1477:
1438:
1291:
1231:
1202:
1166:
1028:That not herself a better likeness made,
1008:That ever yet entranced a lover's sight;
826:αἱ δ᾽ὄρεος κορυφὰς Μελιτηίου ἀμφενέμοντο
779:
639:
525:type. A variation of the latter was the
193:
174:
3041:
2664:"The island of Gozo in classical texts"
2662:Vella, Horatio C. R. (September 1995).
2636:
2534:
2501:
2219:Kho-Pelfrey, Teresa (17 October 2022).
2169:
2081:
1966:
1947:
1525:
1399:
1387:
1339:
1190:
1127:
1002:Issa's more pure and cleanly in her way
1000:Than that pet sparrow by Catullus sung;
992:
892:πλαγκτοὶ κατοικήσουσιν, ἣν πέριξ κλύδων
807:This lexical argument – that Μελιταῖος/
746:
324:a variety of diminutive dog (νανούδιον/
3235:
2685:
2577:
2303:
2066:
2039:
2030:
1807:(1980). Gulick, Charles Burton (ed.).
1585:
1411:
1375:
1351:
1303:
1115:
900:κλεινόν θ᾽ ἵδρυμα παρθένου Λογγάτιδος,
896:1030τοῦ Σισυφείου παιδὸς ὀχθηρὰν ἄκραν
3015:
2870:English Toy Terrier (Black & Tan)
2776:
2710:
2661:
2581:(1924). Jones, Horace Leonard (ed.).
2475:
2431:
2406:
2367:
2352:
2012:
1921:
1730:
1621:
1609:
1513:
1501:
1489:
1453:
1426:
1279:
1255:
1243:
1214:
1178:
1151:
1098:
847:
626:Fédération Cynologique Internationale
145:Fédération Cynologique Internationale
3153:Pastore della Lessinia e del Lagorai
2199:Johnstone, Gemma (7 December 2023).
2144:
1315:
1267:
1030:Issa together with her portrait lay,
894:ἔμπλην Παχύνου Σικανὸς προσμάσσεται,
890:ἄλλοι δὲ Μελίτην νῆσον Ὀθρωνοῦ πέλας
778:, 16:6) drew the latter comparison (
2520:Raymond-Mallock, Lilian C. (1907).
2238:
1868:
1561:
1465:
521:, perhaps of the recently imported
503:, writing of women's chamber pets,
13:
1006:Issa more winsome is than any girl
902:Ἕλωρος ἔνθα ψυχρὸν ἐκβάλλει ποτόν,
635:
374:Around 280 BCE, the learned
14:
3279:
2768:
2692:. Translated by J. J. Zoltowsky.
2069:"How Old Is the Maltese, Really?"
1967:Delgado, Albert (16 March 2020).
898:ἐπώνυμόν ποθ᾽ ὑστέρῳ χρόνῳ γράφων
560:, whose dog it was. According to
475:, the first history of its kind,
2686:Vioque, Guillermo Galán (2017).
2067:Gorman, James (4 October 2021).
1846:Brearley, Joan McDonald (1984).
613:Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show
491:Philippe Villiers de L'Isle-Adam
198:Long-haired Maltese groomed for
3263:Dog breeds originating in Italy
2746:The Oxford Classical Dictionary
2689:Martial, Book VII. A Commentary
2479:(1942). Rackham, Harris (ed.).
2050:McGill-Queen's University Press
2035:. American Maltese Association.
1703:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106155
1676:
1627:
1050:
1037:
985:
971:
949:
931:
914:
880:
867:
853:
840:
819:as an attested dialect form of
801:
785:
765:
447:Roman Governor Publius of Malta
2606:Trantalidou, Katerina (2006).
2433:"Pet Information: The Maltese"
2292:Callimachus, Lycophron, Aratus
2155:The Characters of Theophrastus
1990:"Dog Breed Directory: Maltese"
1988:
1690:Preventive Veterinary Medicine
752:
739:
726:
441:wrote descriptive verses to a
1:
2850:Cavalier King Charles Spaniel
1781:(1981). Vian, Francis (ed.).
1140:MacKinnon & Belanger 2006
644:Maltese showing tear staining
287:in the Mediterranean, called
224:, genetically related to the
45:Maltese groomed with overcoat
3148:Maremmano-Abruzzese Sheepdog
2802:
2310:Toy Dogs and Their Ancestors
1738:; Valla, Elena Ceva (eds.).
1330:, pp. 334–335, 336–337.
1063:
964:, or his posthumous editor,
774:in his treatise on animals (
75:21–25 cm (8–10 in)
7:
2371:Metropolitan Museum Journal
760:White & Hornblower 2012
702:
453:The Maltese in modern times
87:20–23 cm (8–9 in)
10:
3284:
2543:Cambridge University Press
2528:HathiTrust Digital Library
2040:Franco, Cristiana (2019).
2013:Drury, William D. (1903).
1948:Cutillo, Nicholas (1986).
1840:Garden City Publishing Co.
1723:
1652:10.1038/s41598-023-50458-w
978:
956:
938:
889:
825:
472:Insulae Melitae Descriptio
363:). A traditional story in
18:
3199:
3171:
3120:
3092:
3049:
2993:
2810:
2561:Stephens, Frederic George
2315:D. Appleton & Company
2096:10.1017/S0017383500003144
1899:10.1017/S0017383500017058
1871:Breeds by Year Recognized
1364:Blarney & Inglee 1949
690:
264:Maltese dogs in antiquity
159:
148:
143:
136:
131:
126:
122:
113:
110:
105:
102:
97:3–4 kg (7–9 lb)
95:
92:
80:
67:
62:
58:
50:
38:
33:
2820:Australian Silky Terrier
1927:The Intelligence of Dogs
1753:Alderton, David (2010).
719:
675:The Maltese is kept for
3138:Cane Lupino del Gigante
2750:Oxford University Press
2584:The Geography of Strabo
2535:Serpell, James (1996).
2459:Oxford University Press
2384:10.1086/met.43.25699084
2267:Dogs and all about them
2239:Lee, Rawden B. (1899).
2128:Oxford University Press
1848:The Book of the Maltese
1318:, pp. 66–67, n.36.
679:, for ornament, or for
431:The Romans called them
220:of similar dogs in the
3074:Segugio dell'Appennino
2975:Toy Manchester Terrier
2589:Loeb Classical Library
2485:Loeb Classical Library
2407:Ogden, Daniel (2007).
2297:Loeb Classical Library
1815:Loeb Classical Library
1044:
860:
681:competitive exhibition
670:
645:
590:Agricultural Hall Show
505:
471:
433:
400:Aristotle's successor
289:
258:competitive exhibition
202:
191:
643:
529:toy dog, bred by the
408:, has a chapter on a
197:
189:The Lion Dog of Malta
178:
127:Kennel club standards
2900:King Charles Spaniel
2442:American Kennel Club
2205:American Kennel Club
2172:The Classical Weekly
1950:The Complete Maltese
1876:American Kennel Club
1779:Apollonius de Rhodes
1538:Raymond-Mallock 1907
1130:, pp. 190, 199.
995:, pp. 110–111):
926:Acts of the Apostles
911:, pp. 406–407).
850:, pp. 304–305).
835:Apollonius of Rhodes
622:American Kennel Club
523:King Charles Spaniel
322:the classical period
181:William Turner Davey
19:For other uses, see
3128:Bergamasco Shepherd
3043:Dog breeds of Italy
2860:Chinese Crested Dog
2727:. pp. 238–242.
2618:. pp. 96–120.
2363:. 17 December 2015.
2305:Lytton, Mrs Neville
2277:. pp. 296–300.
2275:Cassell and Company
2124:Lycophron Alexandra
2031:Fielheller, Vicki.
2026:. pp. 575–581.
1736:Manganelli, Giorgio
1516:, pp. 241–242.
1354:, pp. 100–101.
1306:, pp. 102–103.
1205:, pp. 205–208.
776:De Natura Animalium
583:the Manilla Islands
482:, Secretary to the
3191:Neapolitan Mastiff
2920:Miniature Pinscher
2880:Griffon Bruxellois
2513:Sebastian Gryphius
2359:. Thuin, Belgium:
2338:. pp. 38–43.
2074:The New York Times
2022:. L. Upcott Gill,
1787:Les Belles Lettres
1640:Scientific Reports
1270:, p. 67,n.36.
714:List of dog breeds
646:
632:of Italy in 1955.
552:, commissioned by
531:Marlborough family
353:Diogenes of Sinope
330:Melitaion kunídion
238:spitz-type canines
216:, and to a modern
203:
192:
3230:
3229:
3163:Spino degli Iblei
3107:Lagotto Romagnolo
3084:Segugio Maremmano
3064:Italian Greyhound
3059:Cirneco dell'Etna
3009:
3008:
2985:Yorkshire Terrier
2890:Italian Greyhound
2759:978-0-199-54556-8
2742:Hornblower, Simon
2734:Hornblower, Simon
2703:978-9-004-35097-7
2654:978-1-445-52750-5
2625:978-1-785-70399-7
2598:978-0-674-99201-6
2552:978-0-521-57779-3
2424:978-1-914-53510-9
2345:978-1-785-70399-7
2137:978-0-199-57670-8
2120:Hornblower, Simon
2084:Greece & Rome
2059:978-0-773-55906-6
1959:978-0-876-05209-9
1940:978-1-416-50287-6
1886:Greece & Rome
1861:978-0-876-66563-3
1770:978-0-764-16365-4
1414:, pp. 25–27.
1390:, pp. 16–17.
924:recounted in the
600:, Islington, the
501:Queen Elizabeth I
357:Diogenes Laertius
350:Cynic philosopher
242:Pomeranian breeds
173:
172:
155:
154:
118:
117:
3275:
3258:Culture of Malta
3222:Volpino Italiano
3112:Spinone Italiano
3079:Segugio Italiano
3036:
3029:
3022:
3013:
3012:
2925:Miniature Poodle
2797:
2790:
2783:
2774:
2773:
2763:
2728:
2723:(4th ed.).
2722:
2707:
2682:
2668:
2658:
2637:Various (2010).
2633:
2602:
2574:
2556:
2531:
2516:
2498:
2472:
2451:Pfeiffer, Rudolf
2446:
2428:
2403:
2364:
2358:
2349:
2322:
2300:
2278:
2272:
2262:Leighton, Robert
2257:
2254:Internet Archive
2248:(3rd ed.).
2247:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2195:
2166:
2160:
2141:
2115:
2078:
2063:
2036:
2027:
2024:Charles Scribner
2021:
2009:
2007:
2005:
1996:. Archived from
1985:
1983:
1981:
1963:
1944:
1918:
1879:
1865:
1852:TFH Publications
1842:
1828:
1800:
1774:
1749:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1705:
1680:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1631:
1625:
1619:
1613:
1607:
1601:
1595:
1589:
1583:
1577:
1571:
1565:
1559:
1553:
1547:
1541:
1535:
1529:
1523:
1517:
1511:
1505:
1499:
1493:
1487:
1481:
1475:
1469:
1463:
1457:
1451:
1442:
1436:
1430:
1424:
1415:
1409:
1403:
1397:
1391:
1385:
1379:
1373:
1367:
1361:
1355:
1349:
1343:
1337:
1331:
1325:
1319:
1313:
1307:
1301:
1295:
1289:
1283:
1277:
1271:
1265:
1259:
1253:
1247:
1241:
1235:
1229:
1218:
1212:
1206:
1200:
1194:
1188:
1182:
1176:
1170:
1164:
1155:
1149:
1143:
1137:
1131:
1125:
1119:
1113:
1102:
1096:
1057:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1041:
1035:
989:
983:
981:
980:
975:
969:
959:
958:
953:
947:
941:
940:
935:
929:
918:
912:
904:
903:
884:
878:
871:
865:
863:
857:
851:
844:
838:
828:
827:
805:
799:
789:
783:
769:
763:
756:
750:
743:
737:
734:Trantalidou 2006
730:
661:Luxating patella
606:Cremorne Gardens
562:John Henry Welsh
550:Newfoundland dog
508:
488:Knights of Malta
474:
436:
376:Hellenistic poet
313:coast of modern
292:
168:
162:
124:
123:
111:Litter size
60:
59:
43:
31:
30:
16:Breed of toy dog
3283:
3282:
3278:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3273:
3272:
3233:
3232:
3231:
3226:
3195:
3167:
3158:Pastore Fonnese
3116:
3102:Bracco Italiano
3088:
3045:
3040:
3010:
3005:
2989:
2970:Toy Fox Terrier
2965:Tibetan Spaniel
2865:Coton de Tulear
2806:
2801:
2771:
2766:
2760:
2732:White, Sheila;
2720:
2704:
2666:
2655:
2626:
2599:
2553:
2495:
2483:. Vol. 2.
2481:Natural History
2469:
2457:. Vol. 1.
2445:. 5 March 2022.
2438:Manila Standard
2425:
2356:
2346:
2270:
2245:
2229:
2227:
2209:
2207:
2184:10.2307/4387846
2178:(27): 209–213.
2158:
2138:
2090:(11): 109–113.
2060:
2033:"Tear Staining"
2019:
2003:
2001:
2000:on 13 June 2011
1979:
1977:
1960:
1941:
1862:
1825:
1813:. Vol. 5.
1810:Deipnosophistae
1797:
1785:. Vol. 3.
1771:
1726:
1721:
1681:
1677:
1632:
1628:
1620:
1616:
1608:
1604:
1596:
1592:
1584:
1580:
1572:
1568:
1560:
1556:
1548:
1544:
1536:
1532:
1524:
1520:
1512:
1508:
1500:
1496:
1488:
1484:
1476:
1472:
1464:
1460:
1452:
1445:
1437:
1433:
1425:
1418:
1410:
1406:
1398:
1394:
1386:
1382:
1374:
1370:
1362:
1358:
1350:
1346:
1338:
1334:
1326:
1322:
1314:
1310:
1302:
1298:
1290:
1286:
1278:
1274:
1266:
1262:
1254:
1250:
1242:
1238:
1230:
1221:
1213:
1209:
1201:
1197:
1189:
1185:
1177:
1173:
1165:
1158:
1150:
1146:
1138:
1134:
1126:
1122:
1114:
1105:
1097:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1060:
1055:
1051:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
990:
986:
976:
972:
954:
950:
936:
932:
919:
915:
906:
901:
899:
897:
895:
893:
891:
885:
881:
875:Hornblower 2015
872:
868:
858:
854:
845:
841:
806:
802:
790:
786:
782:, p. 205).
770:
766:
762:, p. 1118)
757:
753:
744:
740:
731:
727:
722:
705:
693:
673:
638:
636:Characteristics
579:English mastiff
558:Duchess of Kent
515:Spanish Gentle,
499:, physician to
459:genomic experts
455:
434:catuli melitaei
422:Deipnosophistae
414:mikrophilotimía
383:Pliny the Elder
381:, according to
266:
256:, ornament, or
164:
160:
98:
88:
76:
46:
29:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3281:
3271:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3253:Companion dogs
3250:
3245:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3177:
3175:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3124:
3122:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3098:
3096:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3069:Levriero Sardo
3066:
3061:
3055:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3039:
3038:
3031:
3024:
3016:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3003:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2945:Pomeranian dog
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2875:French Bulldog
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2845:Boston Terrier
2842:
2837:
2832:
2830:Biewer Terrier
2827:
2822:
2817:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2800:
2799:
2792:
2785:
2777:
2770:
2769:External links
2767:
2765:
2764:
2758:
2729:
2708:
2702:
2683:
2659:
2653:
2634:
2624:
2603:
2597:
2575:
2557:
2551:
2532:
2517:
2499:
2493:
2473:
2467:
2447:
2429:
2423:
2404:
2365:
2350:
2344:
2323:
2301:
2279:
2258:
2236:
2216:
2196:
2167:
2142:
2136:
2116:
2079:
2064:
2058:
2037:
2028:
2010:
1986:
1974:Times of Malta
1964:
1958:
1945:
1939:
1923:Coren, Stanley
1919:
1893:(2): 205–208.
1880:
1866:
1860:
1843:
1829:
1823:
1801:
1795:
1775:
1769:
1750:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1719:
1675:
1626:
1624:, p. 124.
1614:
1602:
1598:Johnstone 2023
1590:
1578:
1576:, p. 297.
1566:
1554:
1542:
1530:
1518:
1506:
1504:, p. 241.
1494:
1492:, p. 239.
1482:
1480:, p. 105.
1470:
1468:, p. 345.
1458:
1456:, p. 238.
1443:
1441:, p. 274.
1431:
1429:, p. 577.
1416:
1404:
1392:
1380:
1378:, p. 410.
1368:
1366:, p. 622.
1356:
1344:
1332:
1328:Athenaeus 1980
1320:
1308:
1296:
1294:, p. 404.
1284:
1282:, p. 114.
1272:
1260:
1258:, p. 200.
1248:
1236:
1234:, p. 205.
1219:
1217:, p. 197.
1207:
1195:
1193:, p. 211.
1183:
1171:
1156:
1154:, p. 167.
1144:
1132:
1120:
1103:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1049:
1036:
996:
984:
970:
948:
930:
913:
909:Lycophron 1921
886:
879:
877:, p. 375)
866:
852:
839:
800:
784:
764:
751:
749:, p. 100)
738:
736:, p. 107)
724:
723:
721:
718:
717:
716:
711:
704:
701:
692:
689:
672:
669:
637:
634:
602:Crystal Palace
554:Queen Victoria
542:Edwin Landseer
506:canes delicati
454:
451:
410:type of person
365:Aesop's Fables
361:kúōn Melitaios
265:
262:
171:
170:
157:
156:
153:
152:
147:
141:
140:
135:
129:
128:
120:
119:
116:
115:
112:
108:
107:
104:
100:
99:
96:
94:
90:
89:
86:
84:
81:
78:
77:
74:
72:
69:
65:
64:
56:
55:
52:
48:
47:
44:
36:
35:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3280:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3212:Lupo Italiano
3210:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3200:Miscellaneous
3198:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3186:Dogo Sardesco
3184:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3174:
3170:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3143:Cane Paratore
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3133:Cane di Oropa
3131:
3129:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3121:Pastoral dogs
3119:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3091:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3037:
3032:
3030:
3025:
3023:
3018:
3017:
3014:
3002:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2992:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2895:Japanese Chin
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2835:Bolognese dog
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2815:Affenpinscher
2813:
2812:
2809:
2805:
2798:
2793:
2791:
2786:
2784:
2779:
2778:
2775:
2761:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2730:
2726:
2719:
2718:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2690:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2665:
2660:
2656:
2650:
2646:
2645:Vintage Books
2642:
2641:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2604:
2600:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2585:
2580:
2576:
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2510:
2509:
2504:
2503:Quintin, Jean
2500:
2496:
2494:0-674-99388-8
2490:
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2468:0-19-814115-7
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2157:
2156:
2151:
2150:Sandys, J. E.
2147:
2143:
2139:
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2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
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2101:
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2065:
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2055:
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2047:
2043:
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2029:
2025:
2018:
2017:
2011:
1999:
1995:
1994:Animal Planet
1991:
1987:
1976:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1961:
1955:
1951:
1946:
1942:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1887:
1881:
1878:. 3 May 2022.
1877:
1873:
1872:
1867:
1863:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1844:
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1837:
1836:
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1824:0-434-99274-7
1820:
1816:
1812:
1811:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1796:2-251-10353-8
1792:
1788:
1784:
1783:Argonautiques
1780:
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1766:
1762:
1758:
1757:
1751:
1747:
1743:
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1737:
1733:
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1606:
1599:
1594:
1587:
1582:
1575:
1574:Leighton 1910
1570:
1563:
1558:
1552:, p. 29.
1551:
1550:Brearley 1984
1546:
1540:, p. 63.
1539:
1534:
1527:
1522:
1515:
1510:
1503:
1498:
1491:
1486:
1479:
1478:Stephens 1874
1474:
1467:
1462:
1455:
1450:
1448:
1440:
1439:Leighton 1910
1435:
1428:
1423:
1421:
1413:
1408:
1402:, p. 24.
1401:
1396:
1389:
1384:
1377:
1372:
1365:
1360:
1353:
1348:
1342:, p. 47.
1341:
1336:
1329:
1324:
1317:
1312:
1305:
1300:
1293:
1292:Pfeiffer 1949
1288:
1281:
1276:
1269:
1264:
1257:
1252:
1246:, p. 12.
1245:
1240:
1233:
1232:Busuttil 1969
1228:
1226:
1224:
1216:
1211:
1204:
1203:Busuttil 1969
1199:
1192:
1187:
1181:, p. 16.
1180:
1175:
1169:, p. 59.
1168:
1167:Alderton 2010
1163:
1161:
1153:
1148:
1142:, p. 43.
1141:
1136:
1129:
1124:
1117:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1100:
1095:
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1089:
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1083:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1068:
1053:
1046:
1040:
1033:
994:
988:
974:
967:
963:
952:
945:
934:
927:
923:
917:
910:
905:
883:
876:
870:
862:
856:
849:
843:
836:
832:
822:
818:
814:
810:
804:
797:
793:
788:
781:
780:Busuttil 1969
777:
773:
768:
761:
755:
748:
742:
735:
729:
725:
715:
712:
710:
707:
706:
700:
698:
688:
686:
685:Stanley Coren
682:
678:
677:companionship
668:
664:
662:
657:
655:
651:
642:
633:
631:
627:
623:
618:
617:New York City
614:
609:
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372:
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331:
327:
323:
320:In Greece in
318:
316:
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308:
304:
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296:
291:
286:
281:
279:
275:
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261:
259:
255:
254:companionship
249:
247:
246:Stanley Coren
243:
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231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
201:
196:
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186:
183:, 1844, from
182:
179:Engraving by
177:
167:
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109:
101:
91:
85:
82:
79:
73:
70:
66:
61:
57:
53:
49:
42:
37:
32:
26:
22:
3216:
2997:
2930:Papillon dog
2914:
2885:Havanese dog
2825:Bichon Frisé
2745:
2716:
2712:Welsh, J. H.
2688:
2674:
2670:
2639:
2630:ResearchGate
2628:– via
2611:
2583:
2565:
2537:
2522:
2507:
2480:
2454:
2436:
2409:
2375:
2369:
2331:
2317:– via
2313:. New York:
2309:
2291:
2266:
2252:– via
2241:
2228:. Retrieved
2224:
2208:. Retrieved
2175:
2171:
2154:
2123:
2087:
2083:
2072:
2045:
2015:
2002:. Retrieved
1998:the original
1978:. Retrieved
1972:
1949:
1931:Pocket Books
1926:
1890:
1884:
1870:
1847:
1834:
1809:
1782:
1755:
1741:Esopo Favole
1740:
1713:11585/961937
1693:
1689:
1678:
1643:
1639:
1629:
1617:
1605:
1593:
1581:
1569:
1557:
1545:
1533:
1526:Various 2010
1521:
1509:
1497:
1485:
1473:
1461:
1434:
1407:
1400:Quintin 1536
1395:
1388:Delgado 2020
1383:
1371:
1359:
1347:
1340:Serpell 1996
1335:
1323:
1311:
1299:
1287:
1275:
1263:
1251:
1239:
1210:
1198:
1191:Johnson 1919
1186:
1174:
1147:
1135:
1128:Cutillo 1986
1123:
1052:
1039:
997:
993:Gosling 1935
987:
973:
951:
933:
916:
887:
882:
869:
855:
842:
833:(4.1150) of
820:
816:
812:
808:
803:
796:Hist Anim.ix
787:
775:
767:
754:
747:Gosling 1935
741:
728:
694:
674:
665:
658:
647:
610:
587:
565:
545:
539:
514:
510:
509:such as the
495:
484:Grand Master
480:Jean Quintin
469:In his work
468:
456:
430:
413:
405:
402:Theophrastus
399:
386:
373:
360:
337:
329:
325:
319:
309:and off the
297:– or to the
282:
277:
267:
250:
205:
204:
188:
166:domestic dog
25:
2955:Russkiy Toy
2915:Maltese dog
2616:Oxbow Books
2571:George Bell
2455:Callimachus
2336:Oxbow Books
2230:30 December
2210:30 December
2146:Jebb, R. C.
1412:Lytton 1911
1376:Vioque 2017
1352:Franco 2019
1304:Strabo 1924
1116:Gorman 2021
831:Argonautica
697:crossbreeds
535:Oxfordshire
379:Callimachus
206:Maltese dog
3268:FCI breeds
3237:Categories
3181:Cane Corso
2980:Toy Poodle
2905:Lhasa Apso
2287:Mair, A.W.
1952:. Howell.
1929:. London:
1696:: 106155.
1622:Coren 2006
1610:MSAKC 2022
1586:Fielheller
1514:Welsh 1882
1502:Welsh 1882
1490:Welsh 1882
1454:Welsh 1882
1427:Drury 1903
1280:Pliny 1942
1256:Ogden 2007
1244:Vella 1995
1215:Ogden 2007
1179:Moore 2008
1152:Coren 2006
1099:AISBL 2015
848:Aesop 1980
628:under the
598:Birmingham
497:John Caius
464:bottleneck
406:Characters
301:island of
185:Landseer's
3207:Bolognese
2935:Pekingese
2855:Chihuahua
2400:192949602
2378:: 11–37.
2354:"Maltese"
2283:Lycophron
2221:"Maltese"
2163:Macmillan
2148:(1909) .
2112:162223203
2004:29 August
1915:163799376
1805:Athenaeus
1734:(1980) .
1660:2045-2322
1316:Jebb 1909
1268:Jebb 1909
1064:Citations
821:Melitaîos
817:Melitēíos
813:Melitēnos
809:Melitaîos
792:Aristotle
654:undercoat
630:patronage
594:Islington
585:in 1841.
511:Comforter
426:Sybarites
418:Athenaeus
391:Lycophron
387:Alexandra
346:Aristotle
342:pangolins
326:nanoúdion
311:Dalmatian
230:Bolognese
222:toy group
187:painting
28:Dog breed
3243:Toy dogs
3173:Mastiffs
2960:Shih Tzu
2804:Toy dogs
2736:(2012).
2714:(1882).
2563:(1874).
2511:. Lyon:
2505:(1536).
2453:(1949).
2392:25699084
2307:(1911).
2285:(1921).
2264:(1910).
2122:(2015).
1925:(2006).
1761:Barron's
1669:10834484
1562:AKC 2022
1466:Lee 1899
944:Pachynus
922:St. Paul
703:See also
574:bulldogs
544:painted
540:In 1837
527:Blenheim
519:Spaniels
299:Adriatic
278:melitaie
270:amphorae
234:Havanese
150:standard
138:standard
3217:Maltese
3094:Gundogs
2940:Phalène
2910:Löwchen
2840:Bolonka
2681:: 1–40.
2415:ISD LLC
2289:(ed.).
2192:4387846
2152:(ed.).
1746:Rizzoli
1724:Sources
942:: "Off
798:6,61210
709:Lap dog
486:of the
443:lap dog
439:Martial
336:(ἴκτις/
334:martens
315:Croatia
305:, near
200:showing
83:Females
34:Maltese
21:Maltese
3248:Bichon
3051:Hounds
3001:Bichon
2998:Types:
2756:
2738:"Pets"
2725:H. Cox
2700:
2651:
2622:
2595:
2579:Strabo
2549:
2491:
2465:
2421:
2398:
2390:
2342:
2250:H. Cox
2225:Pet MD
2190:
2134:
2110:
2104:640982
2102:
2056:
1980:7 June
1956:
1937:
1913:
1907:642850
1905:
1858:
1821:
1793:
1767:
1666:
1658:
966:Sandys
772:Aelian
691:Health
604:, and
395:Strabo
295:Melite
290:Melita
232:, and
226:Bichon
114:1 to 3
93:Weight
68:Height
63:Traits
51:Origin
2740:. In
2721:(PDF)
2694:BRILL
2667:(PDF)
2477:Pliny
2396:S2CID
2388:JSTOR
2357:(PDF)
2271:(PDF)
2246:(PDF)
2188:JSTOR
2159:(PDF)
2108:S2CID
2100:JSTOR
2020:(PDF)
1911:S2CID
1903:JSTOR
1732:Aesop
720:Notes
667:fur.
566:fancy
340:) or
338:iktis
307:Corfu
303:Mljet
285:Malta
274:Vulci
218:breed
214:Malta
210:Italy
106:white
71:Males
54:Italy
2754:ISBN
2698:ISBN
2649:ISBN
2620:ISBN
2593:ISBN
2547:ISBN
2489:ISBN
2463:ISBN
2419:ISBN
2340:ISBN
2232:2023
2212:2023
2132:ISBN
2054:ISBN
2006:2009
1982:2022
1954:ISBN
1935:ISBN
1856:ISBN
1819:ISBN
1791:ISBN
1765:ISBN
1656:ISSN
962:Jebb
650:coat
648:The
572:and
570:pugs
477:Abbé
457:Dog
133:ENCI
103:Coat
2950:Pug
2380:doi
2319:BHL
2180:doi
2092:doi
1895:doi
1708:hdl
1698:doi
1694:225
1664:PMC
1648:doi
671:Use
615:in
592:in
513:or
369:ass
161:Dog
3239::
2752:.
2748:.
2696:.
2677:.
2675:13
2673:.
2669:.
2647:.
2643:.
2614:.
2591:.
2587:.
2569:.
2545:.
2541:.
2487:.
2461:.
2435:.
2417:.
2413:.
2394:.
2386:.
2376:43
2374:.
2334:.
2295:.
2273:.
2223:.
2203:.
2186:.
2176:12
2174:.
2161:.
2130:.
2126:.
2106:.
2098:.
2086:.
2071:.
2052:.
2048:.
1992:.
1971:.
1933:.
1909:.
1901:.
1891:16
1889:.
1874:.
1854:.
1850:.
1838:.
1817:.
1789:.
1763:.
1759:.
1744:.
1706:.
1692:.
1688:.
1662:.
1654:.
1644:14
1642:.
1638:.
1446:^
1419:^
1222:^
1159:^
1106:^
1071:^
794:,
687:.
280:.
260:.
228:,
3035:e
3028:t
3021:v
2796:e
2789:t
2782:v
2762:.
2706:.
2657:.
2632:.
2601:.
2573:.
2555:.
2530:.
2515:.
2497:.
2471:.
2440:/
2427:.
2402:.
2382::
2348:.
2321:.
2299:.
2256:.
2234:.
2214:.
2194:.
2182::
2165:.
2140:.
2114:.
2094::
2088:4
2077:.
2062:.
2008:.
1984:.
1962:.
1943:.
1917:.
1897::
1864:.
1827:.
1799:.
1773:.
1748:.
1716:.
1710::
1700::
1672:.
1650::
1612:.
1600:.
1588:.
1564:.
1528:.
1118:.
1101:.
991:(
928:.
837:.
169:)
163:(
23:.
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