1566:
1710:
1758:
2927:
respects their legislator in peace and their leader in war. He made war according to his own discretion, frequently against his neighbours, and sometimes against his sovereign. The security of a landed estate, therefore, the protection which its owner could afford to those who dwelt on it, depended upon its greatness. To divide it was to ruin it, and to expose every part of it to be oppressed and swallowed up by the incursions of its neighbours. The law of primogeniture, therefore, came to take place, not immediately indeed, but in process of time, in the succession of landed estates, for the same reason that it has generally taken place in that of monarchies, though not always at their first institution.
1638:
1678:
2763:
1805:
2043:
1475:); thirdly, where the late estate holder had no descendants his oldest brother would succeed, and his descendants would likewise enjoy the rule of substitution where he had died. The effect of English primogeniture was to keep estates undivided wherever possible and to disinherit real property from female relations unless only daughters survived in which case the estate thus normally results in division. The principle has applied in history to inheritance of land as well as inherited titles and offices, most notably monarchies, continuing until modified or abolished.
52:
2121:
1999:
3688:). The effect of this rule was to keep the father's land for the support of the son who rendered the required military service. When feudalism declined and the payment of a tax was substituted for military service, the need for primogeniture disappeared. In England the 1540 Act permitted the oldest son to be entirely cut off from inheriting, and in the 17th century military tenure was abolished; primogeniture is, nevertheless, a fading custom of the gentry and farm owners in England and Wales.
3812:
1286:
5923:
3719:, the colonies followed English primogeniture laws. Carole Shammas argues that issues of primogeniture, dower, curtesy, strict family settlements in equity, collateral kin, and unilateral division of real and personal property were fully developed in the colonial courts. The Americans differed little from English policies regarding the status of widow, widower, and lineal descendants. The primogeniture laws were repealed at the time of the
3162:
2638:
1933:, making its passage probable. However, Zapatero's administration ended before an amendment was drafted, and the succeeding governments have not pursued it. The Prince counseled reformers that there was plenty of time before any constitutional amendment would need to be enacted because the expectation was to leave him next in line to succeed his father despite his elder sisters' continued status as
2435:
2541:"in a bedpan." Under any of these considerations, sons, some of whose lives were in times of war likely to be lost in battle, could be expected to produce more heirs. Eldest daughters could find themselves under a situation of duress on remarriage, and the concept of the trophy bride if the husband were slain is one resonant in many cultures especially before the 20th century.
2214:). However, in Scotland, Salic law or any of its variations have never been practised, and all the hereditary titles are inherited through male-preference primogeniture, where in the extinction of a male line, the eldest sister automatically receives the titles, and rules in her own right, not in the right of her son. A famous example of this is
3761:
The order of succession for all noble dignities is determined in accordance with the title of concession and, if there is none, with that traditionally applied in these cases. When the order of succession to the title is not specified in the nobility title creation charter, the following rules apply:
3739:
by the
British upper classes: "We give everything to the eldest and the others strive to duplicate it and found empires. While the oldest, having it all, marries for beauty. Which accounts, Mr President, for my good looks". But as Churchill's father was a younger son, there may have been more modesty
2523:
far-fetched so far as it might present a challenge to her ruling husband, if proving relatively able. Times of turbulence were more likely when a queen regnant/female main heir allowed to inherit was married to or remarried to a similar-status foreign leader, as was conventional for high-status women
2390:
followed a similar matrilineal system of descent: the eldest member of the family, whether male or female, became its head and ruler. While male rulers were called Ali Rajah, female rulers were known as
Arakkal Beevis. Usually after one king, his nephew through his sister succeeded to the throne, and
2201:
when the last male titleholder dies leaving more than one surviving sister or more than one descendant in the legitimate female line of the original titleholder. In
England, Fiefs or titles granted "in tail general" or to "heirs general" follow this system for sons, but daughters are considered equal
3384:
was succeeded by his eldest son but, failing sons, either by daughters or sons of daughters. In most medieval
Western European feudal fiefs, females (such as daughters and sisters) were allowed to succeed, brothers failing. But usually the husband of the heiress became the real lord, ruling in right
3108:
period, there arose a trend where the extinction of agnatic lineages forced the consideration of women's claims; nevertheless, the desire for a male heir saw the women themselves excluded from the succession in favor of their sons, so that women could transmit claims but not inherit themselves. Such
3055:
Many
English nobility descend by Salic, male primogeniture so have a greater average rate of extinction. For many other titles, if the male line ceases to exist, the title automatically passes to the closest elder sister and her descendants. It could sometimes also pass through a line of descendants
3376:
Since the Middle Ages, the quasi-Salic principle was prevalent for the inheritance of feudal land in the Holy Roman Empire: inheritance was allowed through females when the male line expired. Females themselves did not inherit, but their male issue could. For example, a grandfather without sons was
2544:
In Japan, the
Imperial chronologies include eight reigning empresses from ancient times up through the Edo period; however, their successors were most often selected from amongst the males of the paternal Imperial bloodline, which is why some conservative scholars argue that the women's reigns were
1470:
English primogeniture endures mainly in titles of nobility: any first-placed direct male-line descendant (e.g. eldest son's son's son) inherits the title before siblings and similar, this being termed "by right of substitution" for the deceased heir; secondly where children were only daughters they
2341:
tribe, it was widely expected that the late Rain Queen's daughter, Masalanabo, would succeed to the queenship upon turning 18. A ceremony to celebrate her anticipated queenship was officially held in 2018. In May 2021, however, the Royal
Council announced that Masalanabo would instead be appointed
1414:
The common definition given is also known as male-line primogeniture, the classical form popular in
European jurisdictions among others until into the 20th century. In the absence of male-line offspring, variations were expounded to entitle a daughter or a brother or, in the absence of either, to
2097:
There are various versions of semi-Salic law also, although in all forms women do not succeed by application of the same kind of primogeniture as was in effect among males in the family. Rather, the female who is nearest in kinship to the last male monarch of the family inherits, even if another
2926:
hen land was considered as the means, not of subsistence merely, but of power and protection, it was thought better that it should descend undivided to one. In those disorderly times, every great landlord was a sort of petty prince. His tenants were his subjects. He was their judge, and in some
1398:
in preference to shared inheritance among all or some children, any illegitimate child or any collateral relative. In most contexts, it means the inheritance of the firstborn son (agnatic primogeniture); it can also mean by the firstborn daughter (matrilineal primogeniture), or firstborn child
2357:
nobility and royal families. Through this system, descent and the inheritance of property were passed from the maternal uncle to nephews or nieces. The right of the child was with the maternal uncle or the mother's family rather than the father or the father's family. Through this bloodline,
2885:
heir, and the presumption that the eldest or even a natural son would inherit was not enshrined. The death of an emperor led to a critical period of uncertainty and crisis. In theory, the Senate was entitled to choose the new emperor, but did so mindful of acclamation by the army or the
3766:
Absolute preference is given to the direct descending line over the collateral and ascending line, and, within the same line, the closest degree takes precedence over the more remote and, within the same degree, the elder over the younger, combined with the principles of firstborn and
2241:
who ruled as the next king). Often, the wife or mother of a childless king were allowed to succeed to the throne as well and allowed to rule as queen regnants in their own right, until their death, after which the throne passed to the next closest relative. An early example of this is
1937:; equal primogeniture was expected to apply first to his children. Felipe succeeded to the throne as Felipe VI upon his father's abdication in 2014, by which time he had two daughters. Felipe VI has no son that would, absent the constitutional amendment, displace Leonor as heir.
3336:
The divergence in the late 19th century of the thrones of
Luxembourg and the Netherlands, both subject to semi-Salic law, resulted from the fact that the Luxembourg line of succession went back more generations than did the Dutch line. The Luxembourg succession was set by the
4856:
According to the
Spanish Ministry of Justice, the default custom of succession is absolute primogeniture, but the titleholder may designate his or her successor or distribute titles among children, provided that the eldest inherits the highest title unless he waives that
3734:
met at Placentia Bay in August 1941, Roosevelt said he could not understand the British aristocracy's concept of primogeniture, and he intended to divide his estate equally between his five children; Churchill explained that an equal distribution was nicknamed the
2069:
Another variation on agnatic primogeniture is the so-called semi-Salic law, or "agnatic-cognatic primogeniture", which allows women to succeed only at the extinction of all the male descendants in the male line of the particular legislator. Such were the cases of
2861:
and on remaining in favor with the emperor and his council at court. Other than meeting requirements for personal wealth, the qualifications for belonging to the senatorial or equestrian orders varied from generation to generation, and in the later Empire, the
2161:
if and only if she has no living brothers and no deceased brothers who left surviving legitimate descendants. Then, older daughters and their lines come before younger daughters and their lines, thus a daughter inherits before her uncle and his descendants.
2845:, potentially brought lifelong privileges that the next generation could inherit, the principle of inherited rank in general was little used. Rather, Roman aristocracy was based on competition, and a Roman family could not maintain its position in the
3680:. The statute gave power to landowners to "devise" land by the use of a new device, part of any will, including heading "testament". The default setting of such primogeniture applying absent express written words in England was not changed until the
5413:
2982:. The assemblies of the French barons and prelates and the University of Paris resolved that males who derive their right to inheritance through their mother should be excluded. This ruling became a key point of contention in the subsequent
2532:
of England did not wait until death and remarried twice on the basis of lack of producing a male heir, on the second occasion beheading his queen "for witchcraft". A small minority of monarchs in many countries have openly made their heir
3398:
and primogeniture competed, and outcomes were at times unpredictable. Proximity meant that an heir closer in degree of kinship to the lord in question was given precedence although that heir was not necessarily the heir by primogeniture.
2026:, with sons inheriting before brothers, and male-line male descendants inheriting before collateral male relatives in the male line, and to the total exclusion of females and descendants through females. This exclusion of females from
1471:
would enjoy the fettered use (life use) of an equal amount of the underlying real asset and the substantive free use (such as one-half inheritance) would accrue to their most senior-line male descendant or contingent on her marriage (
3479:
Some countries, however, accepted female rulers early on, so that if the monarch had no sons, the throne would pass to the eldest daughter, or in a few cases, the next closest female relative. Examples of queens in antiquity include
4427:
3087:
are inherited through male-preference primogeniture, where in the extinction of a male line, the eldest sister automatically receives the titles, and rules in her own right, not in the right of her son. A famous example of this is
1548:
Research shows that authoritarian regimes that rely on primogeniture for succession were more stable than forms of authoritarian rule with alternative succession arrangements. Scholars have linked primogeniture to a decline in
3684:. In law, primogeniture is the rule of inheritance whereby land descends to the oldest son. Under the feudal system of medieval Europe, primogeniture generally governed the inheritance of land held in military tenure (see
2157:'s sons and their lines of descent all come before the dynast's daughters and their lines. Older sons and their lines come before younger sons and their lines. It accords succession to the throne to a female member of a
3461:, not to his half-sisters, though they were elder, having been born of the father's first marriage, while the earl himself was from second marriage. Full siblings were considered higher in proximity than half-siblings.
1926:
reaffirmed the intention of the government to institute, by amendment of the Spanish constitution, absolute primogeniture. Zapatero's proposal was supported by the leader of the main opposition party, the conservative
1415:
another collateral relative, in a specified order (e.g., male-preference primogeniture, Salic primogeniture, semi-Salic primogeniture). Variations have tempered the traditional, sole-beneficiary, right (such as French
3723:. Thomas Jefferson took the lead in repealing the law in Virginia, where nearly three-fourths of Tidewater land and perhaps a majority of western lands were entailed. Canada had the same law but repealed it in 1851.
3377:
succeeded by his grandson, the son of his daughter, although the daughter still lived. Likewise, an uncle without sons of his own was succeeded by his nephew, a son of his sister, even if the sister still lived.
2748:, use of consorts, or both, or they had no authority of marriage; monarchs could consequently ensure sufficient numbers of male offspring to assure succession. In such cultures, female heads of state were rare.
2202:
co-heirs to each other, which can result in abeyance. In the medieval period, actual practice varied with local custom. While women could inherit manors, power was usually exercised by their husbands (
3898:
3345:
to be a potential heir to the territories of every branch of the dynasty. Insofar as the succession is concerned, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg is the successor state to the Principality of (Orange-)
1906:, a plan to legislate changes to absolute primogeniture. This came into effect with the necessary legislation on 26 March 2015. Other monarchies have considered changing to absolute primogeniture:
2488:
The preference for males in most systems of primogeniture (and in other mechanisms of hereditary succession) comes mostly from the perceived nature of the tasks and role of the monarch: a monarch/
2229:. In many of these kingdoms, adoption was allowed from a relative if a monarch did not have children, and the adopted child could succeed to the throne at the death of the monarch. (For example,
4419:
3794:, in which the Earl's eldest daughter cannot inherit her father's estate as entrusted, unless all of the adult beneficiaries amend the trust (a legal position established in the 1841 case
2333:
primogeniture. Since 1800, the Balobedu Royal Council has appointed only female descendants to the queenship. The position has been unoccupied and stewarded by a regent since the death of
3329:
inherited the British crown under male-preference primogeniture but, because of semi-Salic law, was not the heir to that of Hanover, which passed to William's eldest surviving brother,
2358:
surnames, titles, properties, and everything of the child are inherited from his uncle or mother. Almost all the monarchs in Kerala practised this system, including the monarchs of the
2992:, which asserted that no female or her descendants could inherit the throne, as a governing rule for the French succession. Although Salic law excludes female lines, it also mandates
4448:"you: Eleazor the Priest and Joshua son of Nun. And you shall also take a chieftain from each tribe through whom the land shall be apportioned. These are the names of the men...
2185:(effective March 26, 2015) changed it to absolute primogeniture (to the eldest legitimate child, regardless of sex). This rule change was simultaneously adopted by the other
4827:
4138:
3691:
An ancient and alternative way in which women succeeded to power, especially without displacing the direct male line descendants of the first monarchs, was consortium or
2910:
of land-owning feudal lords be kept as large and as united as possible to maintain social stability as well as the wealth, power and social standing of their families.
2740:. Consequently, in Europe, given morbidity and infertility, succession could not be assured solely by direct male descendants or even direct male or female progeny. In
2581:
In much of Europe younger sons of the nobility had no prospect of inheriting by death any property, and commonly sought careers in the Church, in military service (see
2946:
primogeniture, is a system that excludes any female from inheritance of a monarch's principal possessions. Generally known in western Europe as an application of the "
2098:
female of the dynasty is senior by primogeniture. Among sisters (and the lines of descendants issuing from them), the elder are preferred to the younger. In reckoning
4876:
1846:
is a form of primogeniture in which sex is irrelevant for inheritance; the oldest surviving child without regard to sex inherits the throne. Mathematically this is a
1515:
3265:
1986:
also deviated from traditional primogeniture in the late 20th or early 21st century by restricting succession to the crown to relatives within a specified degree of
3476:) became usual: succession going to the eldest son of the monarch; if the monarch had no sons, the throne would pass to the nearest male relative in the male line.
3056:
to the last holder, as abeyant holders, until they become parents or ancestors to a male descendant who is first born to 'settle the abeyance'. Some senior agnatic
5754:
2403:(1956), this form of inheritance is no longer recognised by law. Regardless, the pretender to the Travancore throne is still determined by matrilinear succession.
537:
4207:
Baccelli, Francois; Haji-Mirsadeghi, Mir-Omid; Khezeli, Ali (2018). "Eternal family trees and dynamics on unimodular random graphs". In Sobieczky, Florian (ed.).
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2708:
as to property results in faster division of land. However, primogeniture, in forcing landless people to seek wealth outside the family estate to maintain their
4298:
3295:, the court ruled "Women cannot transmit a right which they do not possess", reinforcing agnatic primogeniture. This dispute was among the factors behind the
2827:
governed much of Europe, and the laws pertaining to inheritance made no distinction between the oldest or youngest, male or female, if the decedent died
3549:
succeeded to the throne of Kashmir in 980 CE until her death in 1003 CE. She had previously ruled as regent from 958 to 980 for her son and grandsons.
4044:
Acharya, Avidit; Lee, Alexander (1 November 2019). "Path Dependence in European Development: Medieval Politics, Conflict, and State Building".
2578:. This lessens family pressures to sell property, such as if two (or more) children inherit a house and cannot afford to buy out the other(s).
2337:, the most recent Rain Queen, in 2005. The Balobedu Royal Council has not published information concerning its succession norms, but among the
2890:. Thus, neither an emperor nor his heir had an inherent "right" to rule, and did so through military power and the Senate's symbolic consent.
3991:
Kokkonen, Andrej; Sundell, Anders (May 2014). "Delivering Stability—Primogeniture and Autocratic Survival in European Monarchies 1000–1800".
6520:
6348:
6263:
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2515:. Added to this, on any necessary remarriage from death in childbirth, the king would have socially entrenched powers over his new spouse:
5591:
2582:
2395:
but has no place in the line of succession. In the absence of nephews, nieces could also succeed to the kingdom, as in the case of Queen
3144:
A variation of this form of primogeniture allowed the sons of female dynasts to inherit, but not women themselves, an example being the
4464:
4941:
3830:
2736:
originally had a monopoly on the authority to sanction marriage. Its teachings forbid polygamy and state divorce is an impossibility
6417:
3458:
3774:
and to titles of nobility in Spain, and no person may be given preference in the normal order of succession for reasons of gender.
6735:
4665:
4542:
2346:(great aunt). The late queen's son, Lekukela was installed in October 2022, becoming the first Rain King since the 18th century.
2022:
Agnatic primogeniture or patrilineal primogeniture is inheritance according to seniority of birth among the sons of a monarch or
1541:. Intermediate arrangements also exist, such as restricting eligible candidates to members of a dynasty (as is currently done in
1178:
1944:
government proposed adopting absolute primogeniture, but the monarchy was abolished in 2008 before the change could be effected.
6007:
4835:
4130:
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A woman's right and obligation to inherit property in the absence of a male heir in the family was recorded in the case of the
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was a rare example of a queen who succeeded her father even when her brothers were alive. She was the reigning queen of the
5972:
5542:
4868:
2246:, who ascended the throne of Kashmir in 980 CE after the death of her grandson and ruled until 1003 CE. Another example is
1314:
4751:
Brewer, Holly (1997). "Entailing Aristocracy in Colonial Virginia: 'Ancient Feudal Restraints' and Revolutionary Reform".
7240:
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5165:
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was passed in 1540, a will could control only personal property. Real estate (land) passed to the eldest male descendant
730:
330:
2600:
were younger sons who had to make their fortune in war. In the late 17th and early 18th centuries, many younger sons of
1521:
Some monarchies have (at least in principle) no element of heredity in their laws of succession at all and monarchs are
7245:
3681:
1875:
17:
453:
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4211:. Contemporary Mathematics. Vol. 719. Providence, Rhode Island: American Mathematical Society. pp. 85–127.
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which pitted the Salic and female-line heirs of the ruling dynasty against one another for possession of the crown.
2663:
7055:
5937:
5496:
5060:
3361:. In 1890, William I's agnatic line of male descendants died out, leaving the Netherlands to his female descendant
3330:
2399:
who was the queen regnant from 1810 to 1813. Since Indian Independence and the passing of several acts such as the
2182:
1757:
1709:
6453:
5997:
5844:
5224:
3757:
decreed a reform of the succession to noble titles from male-preference primogeniture to absolute primogeniture.
2371:
1185:
776:
3520:, both tribes in Britain. A few prominent examples in medieval times include the following queens by country -
572:
7032:
6535:
5486:
4370:
4270:
3326:
3187:
3183:
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for their family security and diplomacy. Such a situation was a major source of civil wars; one example is the
1452:
900:
493:
2962:. After this it was declared that women could not inherit the French throne. Then in 1328, after the death of
2868:("esteem") that attended on senatorial or equestrian rank was refined further with additional titles, such as
2387:
2225:
A similar system was practised in many of the kingdoms of the Indian subcontinent from the Middle Ages to the
6869:
5517:
4934:
3579:
3447:
3362:
3089:
2247:
2215:
1637:
121:
51:
4162:"The Decline of Regicide and the Rise of European Monarchy from the Carolingians to the Early Modern Period"
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1507:
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3380:
Common in feudal Europe outside of Germany was land inheritance based on male-preference primogeniture: A
2492:(the latter means in Latin, chieftain) most usually was, first and foremost, a military leader, as in the
2318:
is a form of succession in which the eldest female child inherits the throne, to the exclusion of males.
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7195:
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6525:
6397:
6252:
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ruling that "Women do not succeed the kingdom of France". In 1328 it was further elaborated to solve the
3077:
1960:
1440:
962:
4525:
3365:, whereas Luxembourg still had an agnatic heir from a distant branch of the dynasty left to succeed; ex-
2996:, rather than primogeniture. This rule developed among successions in France in the later Middle Ages.
2519:
and any rivalry of a new queen consort by her personal and companions' physical strength was within the
7578:
7533:
7448:
7037:
6935:
5271:
5249:
4799:
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A bill to reform hereditary peerage inheritance law was tabled in 2013 for absolute primogeniture. The
3639:
3028:
2499:
Social norms pointing to kings further flow from making clear, first-generation survivors, so to avoid
2298:
1879:
1134:
957:
766:
646:
7225:
3419:. John was only one generation of consanguinity removed from the late duke instead of two for Charles.
3411:, son of a younger daughter, on basis of blood proximity, being a nearer cousin of the dead duke than
315:
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4449:
4420:"Prince Lekukela Modjadji ascends to Balobedu royal family throne - instead of his sister Masalanabo"
3617:
3568:
succeeded to the combined thrones of León, Castile and Galicia in 1109 after the death of her father
3542:
2796:, i. e. a small amount of lentil stew. This passage demonstrates that primogeniture was known in the
1929:
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1863:
1538:
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994:
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4209:
Unimodularity in Randomly Generated Graphs: AMS Special Session, October 8–9, 2016, Denver, Colorado
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who had left Britain and Ireland fortuneless due to primogeniture. These were key ancestors of the
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483:
433:
240:
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582:
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3244:) forbade any inheritance of a crown through the female line. This rule was adopted to solve the
3223:
3176:
3136:
2808:
2659:
2557:(661–721) on the throne (but only because she was a Princess of the Imperial family, daughter of
2148:
1911:
1423:, eliminate the preference for males over females (absolute male-preference primogeniture). Most
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131:
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in 1819 CE after the death of her husband and ruled until 1837 CE. Other famous queens include
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1603:
1594:
1060:
1004:
636:
79:
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In England all land passed to any widow strictly for life, then by primogeniture. Until the
3592:
succeeded to the throne of the Kingdom of Aragon in 1137 after the abdication of her father
3276:
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merely by hereditary succession or title to land. Although the eldest son typically carried
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355:
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1641:
1542:
1424:
1403:
1087:
717:
706:
656:
617:
607:
4672:
Smith, Adam (1776), Penn State Electronic Classics edition, republished 2005, pp. 312–313.
3915:
Kurrild-Klitgaard, Peter (2000). "The constitutional economics of autocratic succession".
2153:
Male-preference primogeniture (in the past called cognatic primogeniture) provides that a
1804:
557:
547:
365:
8:
7583:
7538:
7483:
7320:
7310:
7295:
7285:
7250:
7180:
7095:
7065:
7012:
6729:
6483:
6478:
6377:
6372:
6139:
6094:
6053:
5958:
5891:
5579:
5574:
5261:
5175:
5117:
5050:
4804:
Masters and Commanders: The Military Geniuses who Led the West to Victory in World War II
3825:
3720:
3677:
3625:
3609:
3593:
3501:
3468:
Later, when lands were strictly divided among noble families and tended to remain fixed,
3443:
3284:
3130:
3024:
3004:
2967:
2538:
2537:; stories abound of others as newborns brought to the expectant queen consort such as to
2508:
2445:
2412:
2170:
2042:
1495:
1432:
1428:
1300:
1232:
690:
677:
664:
188:
3788:
was socially dubbed the "Downton law/bill" in reference to the British television drama
3695:
between husband and wife or other relatives. The most notable are the Egyptian cases of
3015:. Other states adopted Salic primogeniture as well, including Belgium, Sweden, Denmark (
2120:
390:
340:
7437:
7260:
7255:
7220:
7200:
7175:
7170:
7165:
7160:
7155:
7140:
7135:
7080:
6987:
6833:
6704:
6594:
6574:
6530:
6473:
6468:
6445:
6412:
6402:
6392:
6274:
5858:
5182:
4979:
4768:
4733:
4589:
4581:
4357:
4248:
4212:
4189:
4112:
4069:
4026:
3940:
3838:
3796:
3653:
3599:
3561:
3557:
3532:
3465:
However, primogeniture increasingly won legal cases over proximity in later centuries.
3454:
3435:
3416:
3395:
3354:
3338:
3292:
3261:
3257:
3122:
3114:
3110:
3069:
3032:
3012:
3000:
2979:
2975:
2959:
2951:
2709:
2655:
2575:
2546:
2512:
2457:
2416:
2396:
2367:
2271:
2238:
2186:
2166:
2103:
1915:
1899:
1871:
1847:
1761:
1713:
1621:
1526:
1448:
1444:
1252:
1129:
1070:
999:
797:
784:
758:
415:
260:
126:
4662:
4539:
3553:
3117:
declared "women do not succeed to the throne of France". In 1328, Philip's successor,
2950:". This rule developed among successions in France in the later Middle Ages. In 1316,
7463:
7453:
7416:
7290:
7275:
7150:
7120:
7090:
7085:
7060:
6997:
6992:
6982:
6853:
6802:
6689:
6684:
6407:
6043:
6028:
5927:
5651:
5636:
5256:
5122:
5072:
5067:
4807:
4689:
4593:
4549:
Smith, Adam (1776), Penn State Electronic Classics edition, republished 2006, p. 312.
4289:"Royal equality act will end succession of firstborn male – rather than older sister"
4252:
4230:
4193:
4181:
4116:
4104:
4087:
Kokkonen, Andrej; Sundell, Anders (11 June 2019). "Leader Succession and Civil War".
4061:
4018:
3971:
3944:
3932:
3863:
3856:
3843:
3727:
3704:
3657:
3603:
3585:
3408:
3357:
in 1815 as belonging exclusively to the descendants of Prince William VI, who became
3302:
Conflict between the Salic law and the male-preferred system was also the genesis of
3253:
3057:
3036:
2983:
2955:
2285:
Male-preference primogeniture is currently practised in succession to the thrones of
2079:
1792:
1776:
1744:
1728:
1696:
1662:
1630:
1612:
1590:
1522:
1483:
1257:
1242:
1161:
851:
722:
669:
651:
597:
577:
562:
552:
385:
370:
320:
300:
168:
116:
111:
89:
84:
36:
4716:
Shammas, Carole (1987). "English inheritance law and its transfer to the colonies".
4073:
4030:
2776:
The earliest account of primogeniture to be known widely in modern times is that of
2550:
1557:) replace a ruler, thus making it less desirable to cause the death of the monarch.
1554:
7479:
7443:
7361:
7185:
6955:
6900:
6863:
6838:
6828:
6762:
6714:
6644:
6639:
6634:
6629:
6624:
6614:
6609:
6302:
6048:
5828:
5820:
5748:
5445:
5385:
5138:
5024:
5014:
4999:
4969:
4760:
4725:
4573:
4222:
4173:
4096:
4053:
4008:
4000:
3963:
3924:
3673:
3524:
3493:
3439:
3249:
3145:
3093:
3084:
3065:
2986:. Over the following century, French jurists adopted a clause from the 6th century
2887:
2842:
2833:
2729:
2617:
2263:
2259:
2251:
2219:
2190:
1534:
1333:
1269:
1168:
1117:
602:
517:
213:
183:
136:
3353:, in 1813. Succession to the new Kingdom of the Netherlands was recognised by the
7356:
7105:
7075:
7070:
6930:
6920:
6885:
6875:
6858:
6694:
6649:
6564:
6282:
6257:
6104:
5871:
5693:
5683:
5659:
5596:
5462:
5418:
5319:
5019:
5004:
4669:
4546:
4468:
4240:
3967:
3902:
3528:
3391:), though on her death the title would not remain with him but pass to her heir.
3342:
3061:
2899:
2793:
2733:
2558:
2504:
2493:
2350:
2334:
2279:
2075:
1964:
1903:
1290:
861:
789:
753:
685:
592:
587:
532:
405:
380:
325:
4562:(1983). "Empire and City, Augustus to Julian: Obligations, Excuses and Status".
4487:
de Tocqueville, Alexis (1835). "3-The Social Condition of the Anglo-Americans".
1998:
7498:
7280:
7265:
7230:
6970:
6965:
6848:
6782:
6654:
6312:
6287:
6192:
6109:
6063:
5776:
5547:
5530:
5467:
5440:
5423:
5112:
5045:
5009:
4989:
4226:
3370:
3318:
2854:
2590:
2554:
2525:
2392:
2330:
2178:
1553:, as clear rules of succession reduce the number of people who could (absent a
1530:
1511:
1487:
1099:
1021:
527:
285:
208:
163:
4004:
3928:
1478:
Other forms of inheritance in monarchies have existed or continue. Currently,
7562:
7145:
6910:
6905:
6327:
6185:
6144:
6124:
5866:
5833:
5631:
5611:
5562:
5219:
5160:
5077:
4974:
4559:
4185:
4108:
4100:
4065:
4057:
4022:
3936:
3875:
3790:
3241:
3105:
3073:
2903:
2878:
2870:
2613:
2534:
2275:
2267:
2099:
2071:
2023:
1952:
1503:
1464:
1217:
1112:
1092:
1082:
895:
420:
410:
350:
310:
305:
146:
6674:
4653:. (John Wiley & Sons, 2009, originally published 1988 in German.) p. 16.
3291:(the son of Charles' sister Isabella). While Edward had a stronger claim by
7235:
6757:
6719:
6619:
6202:
5838:
5814:
5781:
5762:
5743:
5698:
5671:
5664:
5646:
5584:
5360:
5314:
5309:
5212:
5197:
5040:
4293:
3700:
3631:
3582:
succeeded to the throne of Jerusalem in 1131 after the death of her father.
3346:
3040:
2838:
2820:
2801:
2597:
2255:
2087:
1472:
1420:
1395:
1077:
952:
917:
701:
522:
395:
360:
218:
4177:
3894:"primogeniture, n.". OED Online. September 2019. Oxford University Press.
3133:
took the throne and added another rule to illegitimize Edward, that being
1011:
7467:
6976:
6772:
6664:
6659:
6579:
6170:
6154:
5806:
5606:
5491:
5380:
5355:
5343:
5324:
5207:
5187:
5097:
4994:
3847:
3800:). A Lords' Committee was chosen for Committee Stage, which rejected it.
3665:
3638:
succeeded to the combined thrones of Denmark, Norway and Sweden in 1387.
3513:
3497:
3387:
2797:
2770:
2713:
2379:
2210:
2204:
1979:
1951:, it has been debated whether or not to adopt absolute primogeniture, as
1934:
1491:
1391:
1247:
1212:
984:
942:
888:
846:
816:
641:
375:
255:
156:
3895:
3450:
reverted the situation in favor of the Bruce, due to political exigency.
3394:
In more complex medieval cases, the sometimes conflicting principles of
3076:
which has included women in inheritance since the 16th century, and the
2154:
1285:
7022:
6960:
6879:
6119:
6084:
5899:
5786:
5403:
4984:
4772:
3817:
3696:
3481:
3322:
3148:
succession to the throne of Spain that was applied in 1947–1978.
2922:, explains the origin of primogeniture in Europe in the following way:
2913:
2609:
2529:
2322:
2091:
1895:
1104:
1055:
979:
473:
295:
223:
74:
4737:
4682:
Ebtehaj, Fatemeh; Herring, Jonathan; Richards, Martin (29 July 2011).
4608:
The Dynamics of Ancient Empires: State Power from Assyria to Byzantium
4585:
4352:
4013:
3083:
However, in Scotland, Salic law has never been practised, and all the
2881:
indicated their choice of successor, usually a close family member or
2744:
and Asian cultures, religious officials and customs either sanctioned
2545:
temporary and that male-only succession tradition must be maintained.
910:
7381:
7371:
6940:
6247:
6134:
5800:
5601:
5552:
5535:
5473:
5455:
5229:
5143:
3692:
3661:
3517:
3485:
3473:
3307:
3237:
3044:
2988:
2978:, Edward was closest related as eldest son of the sister of Charles,
2947:
2937:
2828:
2824:
2717:
2516:
2500:
2424:
2420:
2375:
2107:
2031:
1858:
No monarchy implemented this form of primogeniture before 1980, when
1237:
1222:
1173:
1124:
1033:
989:
969:
937:
881:
871:
826:
821:
443:
250:
233:
203:
4764:
4606:
Hopkins, Keith (2000). "The Political Economy of the Roman Empire".
3811:
3161:
2666:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
1902:
which have a common monarch—Elizabeth II at that date—announced the
7518:
7401:
7391:
7210:
6709:
5981:
5688:
5621:
5557:
5370:
5348:
5244:
5192:
4950:
4820:
4729:
4577:
4217:
3851:
3431:
2745:
2705:
2605:
2520:
2326:
2198:
2189:
that have the same monarch as their head of state. With respect to
2165:
It was practised in the succession to the once-separate thrones of
1956:
1572:
1550:
1499:
1416:
1207:
1151:
1016:
876:
245:
178:
43:
4320:
3664:'s death in 1553, who in turn was herself succeeded by her sister
3125:, claimed the throne not for herself, but through her to her son,
2197:
in the United Kingdom, but usually these baronies by writ go into
2110:
defines who among female relatives is "nearest" to the last male.
7411:
7366:
7341:
6895:
6604:
6222:
6175:
6114:
6038:
5992:
5641:
5435:
5428:
5293:
5089:
3869:
3771:
3505:
3489:
3314:
3303:
3019:) and all of the eastern European monarchies except Greece, i.e.
2943:
2907:
2858:
2601:
2586:
2338:
2230:
2158:
2027:
1987:
1891:
1887:
1264:
1156:
1065:
947:
905:
866:
335:
193:
173:
141:
69:
7493:
7406:
6669:
6569:
6212:
6068:
5616:
5568:
5337:
3685:
3643:
3531:
was the Byzantine Empress regnant from 797 till 802 CE. Later,
3229:
2757:
2489:
2286:
2083:
1983:
1975:
1883:
1859:
1460:
1195:
228:
4321:"Live Latest News Headlines | newkerala.com News Channel"
4206:
2919:
An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations
2788:, who was born second. Esau was entitled to the "birthright" (
1372:
5950:
5705:
5301:
4899:"Equality (Titles) Bill [HL] 2013-14 – UK Parliament"
3546:
3509:
3427:
2785:
2777:
2741:
2561:), remain the sole exceptions to this conventional argument.
2294:
2243:
2094:
until absolute primogeniture was introduced on 20 June 2011.
1948:
1941:
1569:
1456:
1369:
1200:
1190:
290:
151:
3624:
succeeded to Scotland in 1542 after the death of her father
3109:
a system was called "quasi-Salic". In 1317, to illegitimize
7376:
6217:
6207:
6197:
6180:
4919:
3457:(in the beginning of 14th century) went to full sisters of
3381:
2893:
2781:
2509:
mothers faced high risk in enduring such regular childbirth
2354:
2113:
1378:
1360:
1351:
1345:
1028:
3958:
Kurrild-Klitgaard, Peter (2004). "Autocratic Succession".
3321:
since 1714, were separated in 1837 upon the death of King
1967:(the younger brother of Naruhito, and next in line to the
1357:
5678:
3141:– one cannot transmit a right that one does not possess.
1366:
5755:
The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State
3616:
inherited Scotland on the death of her grandfather King
3050:
2082:, i.e. most German monarchies. This was also the law of
2608:
in the Colonies. Many of the early Virginians who were
4681:
3743:
3660:
succeeded to the Kingdom of England after her brother
3539:
were co-monarchs of the Byzantine empire from 1042 CE.
3442:
argued his claim based on primogeniture. The arbiter,
3228:
A case of agnatic primogeniture is exemplified in the
3080:, which has done so since its establishment in 1702.
2958:, was debarred from the throne in favor of her uncle,
2898:
The law of primogeniture in Europe has its origins in
4131:"Tracking the "Arab Spring": Why the Modest Harvest?"
2503:. Lacking advanced healthcare and resource-conscious
2030:
succession is also referred to as application of the
1363:
1336:
3807:
3446:, decided in favor of primogeniture. But later, the
3096:, who was the Countess of Carrick in her own right.
2593:
for an already suitably educated, disinherited son.
2222:, who was the Countess of Carrick in her own right.
2193:, it is usually the rule everywhere in Scotland and
1560:
1342:
1339:
3770:Men and women have an equal right of succession to
3646:throne in 1632 after the death of her father, King
3287:(the son of Charles' uncle Charles of Valois) over
3003:'s conquests, Salic law was adopted, including the
2853:in some form, he was expected to construct his own
1878:. Several monarchies have since followed suit: the
1386:) is the right, by law or custom, of the firstborn
1354:
1348:
4535:
4533:
3369:, who became reigning Grand Duke, thus ending the
3957:
3914:
2792:בְּכוֹרָה), but he sold the right to Jacob for a
2037:
1808:Absolute cognatic primogeniture diagram. Legend:
7560:
2767:Esau Sells His Birthright for Pottage of Lentils
2046:Agnatic-cognatic primogeniture diagram. Legend:
1866:to adopt it in royal succession. This displaced
4530:
4086:
3990:
2716:and, in his view, thus, quickened the shift to
2124:Male-preference primogeniture diagram. Legend:
4486:
4389:"The Restoration of South Africa's Rain Queen"
3606:succeeded to the throne of Navarre in 1274 CE.
27:Inheritance by the eldest, usually male, child
5966:
4935:
4891:
2970:, became king, notwithstanding the claims of
2704:observes that abolition of primogeniture and
2349:In Kerala, southern India, a custom known as
1914:on 31 October 2005 to the then heir apparent
1533:from among Imperial magnates, while kings of
1308:
3415:, grandson of the elder daughter and son of
3264:(daughter of Louis and sister of John), the
2456:. There might be a discussion about this on
2304:
1898:in 2011. In 2011, the governments of the 16
3710:
3190:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
3134:
3068:titles. Notable English exceptions are the
2583:purchase of commissions in the British Army
2078:, as well as most realms within the former
1463:(male-preference primogeniture) along with
5973:
5959:
4942:
4928:
4640:. p. 90, calls them "status-appellations".
4043:
3740:than mock-vanity than Roosevelt realised.
3260:(brother of Louis and uncle of John) over
2513:about 10% of women could not have children
1315:
1301:
4860:
4625:The Political Economy of the Roman Empire
4417:
4216:
4012:
3831:List of monarchies by order of succession
3210:Learn how and when to remove this message
2682:Learn how and when to remove this message
2574:Primogeniture by definition prevents the
2476:Learn how and when to remove this message
2237:who ruled as king and he in turn adopted
1799:
1529:was chosen by a small number of powerful
4787:The Oxford Companion to Canadian History
2894:Reemergence in medieval and modern times
2831:. Although admission to the two highest
2761:
2553:(680–748), who succeeded her mother the
2119:
2114:Male-preference (cognatic) primogeniture
2041:
1997:
1993:
1803:
1756:
1708:
1676:
1636:
1564:
4798:
4715:
4348:
4346:
2604:aristocrats chose to leave England for
2406:
2329:nation has been cited as an example of
2002:Agnatic primogeniture diagram. Legend:
14:
7561:
6008:List of current non-sovereign monarchs
4866:
4750:
4688:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 206.
4558:
4461:"Life in the Cloudy Imperial Fishbowl"
4399:from the original on 21 September 2018
4386:
3351:William VI of Nassau, Prince of Orange
3151:
3121:, also died sonless; Charles' sister,
2569:
1480:succession to the Saudi Arabian throne
746:Proclamation of the Republic in Brazil
6238:
5954:
4923:
4651:Politics and Society in Imperial Rome
4482:
4480:
4159:
3896:https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/151368
3317:and Great Britain, which had been in
3277:dispute over the legitimate successor
3246:dispute over the legitimate successor
3051:British and French titles of nobility
2585:), or in government. Some wills made
4869:"Ladies Who Could Soon be a Leaping"
4867:Graham, Georgia (29 December 2013).
4343:
4286:
3341:, which declared each prince of the
3188:adding citations to reliable sources
3155:
2712:accelerated the death of the landed
2631:
2627:
2511:. Also in pre-20th century medicine
2428:
4141:from the original on 7 January 2020
3962:. Vol. 103. pp. 358–362.
3835:Contrasting systems of succession:
3744:Reform of noble title primogeniture
3373:of the Netherlands and Luxembourg.
1752: Male-preference primogeniture
1704: Male-preference primogeniture
1670: Male-preference primogeniture
678:Establishment of the Dutch monarchy
24:
6003:List of current sovereign monarchs
4477:
4301:from the original on 8 August 2017
4287:Watt, Nicholas (28 October 2011).
3682:Administration of Estates Act 1925
3252:, the short-lived son of deceased
3099:
1874:, in favor of his elder daughter,
25:
7605:
4718:American Journal of Legal History
4418:Makhafola, Getrude (9 May 2021).
4387:Allsop, Jon (21 September 2018).
4331:from the original on 4 March 2016
3993:American Political Science Review
3960:The Encyclopedia of Public Choice
3779:
3407:in 1361 was resolved in favor of
3359:King William I of the Netherlands
3349:, which was given in exchange to
3039:. During this era, Spain (in the
1561:Order of succession in monarchies
1427:have eliminated this, including:
6521:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
5922:
5921:
4879:from the original on 29 May 2018
3810:
3331:Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover
3160:
2636:
2433:
2183:Succession to the Crown Act 2013
2074:until 1833 and the dominions of
1959:. However, the birth in 2006 of
1539:elected directly by the nobility
1332:
1284:
647:Foundation of the Ottoman Empire
50:
5998:Imperial, royal and noble ranks
4850:
4806:. London: Penguin. p. 53.
4792:
4779:
4744:
4709:
4675:
4656:
4643:
4630:
4617:
4600:
4552:
4519:
4508:
4497:
4454:
4442:
4430:from the original on 9 May 2021
4411:
4380:
4364:
4313:
4280:
4264:
3634:(Denmark, Norway and Sweden) -
777:Spanish transition to democracy
454:Les Six livres de la République
5980:
5487:Right of way (property access)
4200:
4153:
4123:
4080:
4037:
3984:
3951:
3908:
3888:
3642:, later succeeded to the sole
2954:, the only surviving child of
2038:Agnatic-cognatic primogeniture
1409:
494:Democracy: The God That Failed
13:
1:
4828:"Nobility and Grandee Titles"
4089:Comparative Political Studies
4046:Comparative Political Studies
3881:
3580:Melisende, Queen of Jerusalem
3090:Marjorie, Countess of Carrick
2366:who were the monarchs of the
2216:Marjorie, Countess of Carrick
2140:Diagonal: cannot be displaced
2062:Diagonal: cannot be displaced
2015:Diagonal: cannot be displaced
1922:, the Spanish Prime Minister
1886:in 1990 (not retroactively),
1824:Diagonal: cannot be displaced
1622:Male-preference primogeniture
772:Birth of the Italian Republic
6013:List of monarchy referendums
4949:
4166:Frühmittelalterliche Studien
3968:10.1007/978-0-306-47828-4_39
3060:are granted from the outset
2931:
2814:
2723:
2612:owners were younger sons of
2564:
2227:Indian independence movement
1990:to the most recent monarch.
1924:José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero
1769: Absolute primogeniture
1721: Absolute primogeniture
1649: Absolute primogeniture
1394:the parent's entire or main
7:
5793:Two Treatises of Government
4832:Spanish Ministry of Justice
3905:(accessed 26 October 2019).
3803:
3339:Nassau House Treaty of 1783
3299:, which broke out in 1337.
3072:, which is merged with the
2874:, that were not inherited.
2751:
2662:the claims made and adding
1971:) has suspended the debate.
1785: Agnatic primogeniture
1737: Agnatic primogeniture
1689: Agnatic primogeniture
1655: Agnatic primogeniture
731:Austro-Hungarian Compromise
657:Birth of the Dutch Republic
10:
7610:
4753:William and Mary Quarterly
3703:, and the monarchs of the
3640:Christina, Queen of Sweden
3221:
2935:
2857:based on competence as an
2784:, who was born first, and
2755:
2410:
2308:
2146:
1916:Felipe, Prince of Asturias
1853:
1714:Southeast Asian monarchies
1399:(absolute primogeniture).
767:Siamese revolution of 1932
7425:
7334:
7048:
6811:
6745:
6557:
6548:
6444:
6426:
6358:
6273:
6231:
6163:
6077:
6021:
5988:
5917:
5714:
5516:
5396:
5289:
5282:
5131:
5088:
5033:
4957:
4005:10.1017/S000305541400015X
3901:26 September 2020 at the
3618:Alexander III of Scotland
2960:Philip, Count of Poitiers
2316:Matrilineal primogeniture
2305:Matrilineal primogeniture
1779:and agnatic primogeniture
1762:Middle Eastern monarchies
1731:and agnatic primogeniture
1467:(agnatic primogeniture).
1402:Its opposite analogue is
741:5 October 1910 Revolution
637:Birth of the Roman Empire
6150:Self-proclaimed monarchy
5845:The Great Transformation
5203:Labor theory of property
4565:Journal of Roman Studies
4101:10.1177/0010414019852712
4058:10.1177/0010414019830716
3748:
3711:United States and Canada
3614:Margaret, Maid of Norway
2859:administrator or general
2622:United States of America
2175:Kingdom of Great Britain
1419:) or, in the West since
484:Considerations on France
6418:Vatican City (Holy See)
5414:Forest-dwelling (India)
5376:restraint on alienation
5156:Common good (economics)
4785:Gerald Hallowell, ed.,
4612:Oxford University Press
3929:10.1023/A:1005078532251
3279:of Philip V's brother,
3266:Estates-General of 1317
3224:List of female monarchs
3137:nemo dat quod non habet
2968:Philip, Count of Valois
2966:, his paternal cousin,
2809:Daughters of Zelophehad
2391:his own son receives a
2297:(before 1700 and since
2149:List of female monarchs
1912:Infanta Leonor of Spain
1482:uses a form of lateral
1100:Emperor system of Japan
6700:Islands of Refreshment
6130:Legitimacy (political)
5853:Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
5627:Primitive accumulation
5482:Right of way (transit)
5267:Tragedy of the commons
5149:fictitious commodities
4903:services.parliament.uk
4685:Birth Rites and Rights
4227:10.1090/conm/719/14471
4160:Bagge, Sverre (2019).
3786:Equality (Titles) Bill
3777:
3755:Juan Carlos I of Spain
3135:
3078:Dukedom of Marlborough
2929:
2906:necessitated that the
2773:
2769:, a 1728 engraving by
2576:subdivision of estates
2311:Matrilineal succession
2282:from 1236 to 1240 CE.
2244:Queen Didda of Kashmir
2144:
2066:
2019:
1828:
1800:Absolute primogeniture
1796:
1754:
1706:
1672:
1634:
1582:Absolute primogeniture
975:Enlightened absolutism
6511:Saint Kitts and Nevis
6100:Criticism of monarchy
6090:Abolition of monarchy
5906:The Wealth of Nations
5886:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
5878:The Ethics of Liberty
4668:13 April 2010 at the
4545:13 April 2010 at the
4178:10.1515/fmst-2019-005
3759:
3732:Franklin D. Roosevelt
3717:British North America
3636:Margaret I of Denmark
3552:Combined Kingdoms of
3488:, pharaohs of Egypt,
3470:agnatic primogeniture
3455:Earldom of Gloucester
3413:Charles II of Navarre
3405:Burgundian succession
3289:Edward III of England
3009:Kingdom of Westphalia
2972:Edward III of England
2924:
2765:
2702:Alexis de Tocqueville
2535:an illegitimate child
2384:Kingdom of Valluvanad
2360:Kingdom of Travancore
2353:was practiced by the
2181:until 2015, when the
2123:
2045:
2001:
1994:Agnatic primogeniture
1955:is the only child of
1807:
1760:
1712:
1680:
1640:
1604:Agnatic primogeniture
1595:agnatic primogeniture
1568:
1455:. The exceptions are
80:Divine right of kings
6343:United Arab Emirates
5769:Progress and Poverty
5103:Common-pool resource
4490:Democracy in America
4467:7 April 2010 at the
4135:Journal of Democracy
4052:(13–14): 2171–2206.
3622:Mary, Queen of Scots
3590:Petronilla of Aragon
3576:Kingdom of Jerusalem
3422:In dispute over the
3367:Duke Adolf of Nassau
3281:Charles IV of France
3184:improve this section
3119:Charles IV of France
3113:'s claim on France,
2994:partible inheritance
2989:Pactus Legis Salicae
2697:Democracy in America
2596:Many of the Spanish
2446:confusing or unclear
2407:Preference for males
2401:Hindu Succession Act
1969:Chrysanthemum Throne
1868:King Carl XVI Gustaf
1844:lineal primogeniture
1516:succession practices
1425:monarchies in Europe
1404:partible inheritance
718:Unification of Italy
707:Second French Empire
7594:Order of succession
7589:Hereditary monarchy
7539:Trinidad and Tobago
7426:Commonwealth realms
7311:United Baltic Duchy
6454:Antigua and Barbuda
6446:Commonwealth realms
6140:Order of succession
5892:The Social Contract
5580:population transfer
5497:prior-appropriation
5176:homestead principle
4649:Winterling, Aloys.
3826:Order of succession
3721:American Revolution
3678:by operation of law
3626:James V of Scotland
3610:Kingdom of Scotland
3594:Ramiro II of Aragon
3444:Edward I of England
3424:Scottish succession
3285:Philip VI of France
3240:(attributed to the
3152:Historical examples
3131:Philip VI of France
2837:(orders), i.e. the
2570:Arguments in favour
2539:James II of England
2454:clarify the section
2413:Death in childbirth
2187:Commonwealth realms
2171:Kingdom of Scotland
1900:Commonwealth realms
1642:European monarchies
1496:Kingdom of Scotland
1291:Politics portal
691:First French Empire
665:Glorious Revolution
5872:Murray N. Rothbard
5183:Free-rider problem
4375:Kvinnlig tronföljd
4358:Nordisk familjebok
4275:Kvinnlig tronföljd
4259:Example 3.7, p. 93
3839:Proximity of blood
3797:Saunders v Vautier
3654:Kingdom of England
3600:Kingdom of Navarre
3543:Kingdom of Kashmir
3436:proximity of blood
3396:proximity of blood
3355:Congress of Vienna
3297:Hundred Years' War
3293:proximity of blood
3262:Joan II of Navarre
3258:Philip V of France
3123:Isabella of France
3115:Philip V of France
3111:Joan II of Navarre
3070:Duchy of Lancaster
3013:Kingdom of Holland
3001:Napoleon Bonaparte
2976:proximity of blood
2774:
2710:standard of living
2647:possibly contains
2547:Japanese empresses
2417:female infertility
2397:Gowri Lakshmi Bayi
2382:as well as in the
2370:, monarchs of the
2368:Kingdom of Calicut
2272:Gowri Lakshmi Bayi
2167:Kingdom of England
2145:
2104:proximity of blood
2067:
2020:
1940:In July 2006, the
1910:With the birth of
1872:Prince Carl Philip
1848:depth-first search
1829:
1797:
1755:
1707:
1682:African monarchies
1673:
1635:
1527:Holy Roman Emperor
1508:lateral succession
1130:List of monarchies
931:Related ideologies
798:Nepalese Civil War
785:Iranian Revolution
759:Russian Revolution
754:Chinese Revolution
736:German unification
18:Male primogeniture
7579:Real property law
7556:
7555:
7552:
7551:
7241:Piedmont-Sardinia
6993:Sip Song Chau Tai
6803:Thirteen Colonies
6544:
6543:
5948:
5947:
5859:What Is Property?
5652:human trafficking
5637:Regulatory taking
5512:
5511:
5257:Right to property
4813:978-0-141-02926-9
4695:978-1-84731-670-7
4236:978-1-4704-3914-9
3977:978-0-306-47828-4
3864:Issue (genealogy)
3857:Elective monarchy
3844:Agnatic seniority
3728:Winston Churchill
3705:Ptolemaic Dynasty
3658:Mary I of England
3604:Joan I of Navarre
3586:Kingdom of Aragon
3448:Independence Wars
3426:, 1290–1292, the
3254:Louis X of France
3220:
3219:
3212:
3085:hereditary titles
3041:Carlist conflicts
2984:Hundred Years War
2956:Louis X of France
2851:his father's name
2692:
2691:
2684:
2649:original research
2628:Arguments against
2486:
2485:
2478:
2372:Kingdom of Cochin
2208:) or their sons (
2191:hereditary titles
2080:Holy Roman Empire
1876:Princess Victoria
1864:Act of Succession
1793:Agnatic seniority
1631:Agnatic seniority
1484:agnatic seniority
1325:
1324:
723:Meiji Restoration
670:French Revolution
652:Tsarist autocracy
613:Popescu-Tăriceanu
112:Abdication system
90:Royal prerogative
85:Mandate of Heaven
16:(Redirected from
7601:
7480:Irish Free State
7246:Poland–Lithuania
6555:
6554:
6506:Papua New Guinea
6236:
6235:
5975:
5968:
5961:
5952:
5951:
5925:
5924:
5829:John Stuart Mill
5749:Friedrich Engels
5730:Frédéric Bastiat
5723:
5575:Forced migration
5543:Collectivization
5287:
5286:
5166:First possession
5139:Bundle of rights
4944:
4937:
4930:
4921:
4920:
4914:
4913:
4911:
4909:
4895:
4889:
4888:
4886:
4884:
4864:
4858:
4854:
4848:
4847:
4845:
4843:
4838:on 3 August 2009
4834:. Archived from
4824:
4818:
4817:
4796:
4790:
4783:
4777:
4776:
4748:
4742:
4741:
4713:
4707:
4706:
4704:
4702:
4679:
4673:
4660:
4654:
4647:
4641:
4634:
4628:
4621:
4615:
4604:
4598:
4597:
4556:
4550:
4537:
4528:
4526:Genesis 25:31–34
4523:
4517:
4512:
4506:
4501:
4495:
4494:
4484:
4475:
4474:. 27 March 2007.
4458:
4452:
4446:
4440:
4439:
4437:
4435:
4415:
4409:
4408:
4406:
4404:
4384:
4378:
4368:
4362:
4361:, vol. 30 (1920)
4350:
4341:
4340:
4338:
4336:
4317:
4311:
4310:
4308:
4306:
4284:
4278:
4268:
4262:
4256:
4220:
4204:
4198:
4197:
4157:
4151:
4150:
4148:
4146:
4127:
4121:
4120:
4095:(3–4): 434–468.
4084:
4078:
4077:
4041:
4035:
4034:
4016:
3988:
3982:
3981:
3955:
3949:
3948:
3912:
3906:
3892:
3820:
3815:
3814:
3674:Statute of Wills
3620:in 1286. Later,
3537:Empress Theodora
3525:Byzantine Empire
3363:Queen Wilhelmina
3274:
3250:John I of France
3215:
3208:
3204:
3201:
3195:
3164:
3156:
3140:
3094:Robert the Bruce
2999:In the lands of
2888:Praetorian Guard
2730:Christian Europe
2687:
2680:
2676:
2673:
2667:
2664:inline citations
2640:
2639:
2632:
2618:Founding Fathers
2481:
2474:
2470:
2467:
2461:
2437:
2436:
2429:
2264:Ahilyabai Holkar
2260:Keladi Chennamma
2220:Robert the Bruce
2195:baronies by writ
1957:Emperor Naruhito
1920:Princess Letizia
1790:
1784:
1774:
1768:
1751:
1742:
1736:
1726:
1720:
1703:
1694:
1688:
1669:
1660:
1654:
1648:
1628:
1619:
1610:
1601:
1588:
1579:
1535:Poland-Lithuania
1385:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1375:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1317:
1310:
1303:
1289:
1288:
1169:Philosopher king
499:
489:
479:
469:
459:
449:
439:
401:Kuehnelt-Leddihn
137:Crowned republic
122:Chinese Legalist
61:Central concepts
54:
32:
31:
21:
7609:
7608:
7604:
7603:
7602:
7600:
7599:
7598:
7559:
7558:
7557:
7548:
7473:princely states
7421:
7357:Kingdom of Fiji
7330:
7076:Austria-Hungary
7044:
6807:
6741:
6540:
6526:Solomon Islands
6440:
6422:
6354:
6269:
6227:
6159:
6105:Democratization
6073:
6017:
5984:
5979:
5949:
5944:
5913:
5717:
5716:
5710:
5660:husband-selling
5597:Illegal logging
5592:Illegal fishing
5521:
5508:
5419:Freedom to roam
5392:
5305:(agrarian land)
5278:
5235:Property rights
5127:
5084:
5046:Estate (landed)
5029:
4953:
4948:
4918:
4917:
4907:
4905:
4897:
4896:
4892:
4882:
4880:
4865:
4861:
4855:
4851:
4841:
4839:
4826:
4825:
4821:
4814:
4800:Roberts, Andrew
4797:
4793:
4784:
4780:
4765:10.2307/2953276
4749:
4745:
4714:
4710:
4700:
4698:
4696:
4680:
4676:
4670:Wayback Machine
4661:
4657:
4648:
4644:
4638:Empire and City
4635:
4631:
4622:
4618:
4605:
4601:
4557:
4553:
4547:Wayback Machine
4538:
4531:
4524:
4520:
4513:
4509:
4502:
4498:
4485:
4478:
4469:Wayback Machine
4459:
4455:
4447:
4443:
4433:
4431:
4416:
4412:
4402:
4400:
4385:
4381:
4369:
4365:
4351:
4344:
4334:
4332:
4319:
4318:
4314:
4304:
4302:
4285:
4281:
4269:
4265:
4237:
4205:
4201:
4158:
4154:
4144:
4142:
4129:
4128:
4124:
4085:
4081:
4042:
4038:
3989:
3985:
3978:
3956:
3952:
3913:
3909:
3903:Wayback Machine
3893:
3889:
3884:
3816:
3809:
3806:
3782:
3767:representation.
3751:
3746:
3713:
3648:Gustav II Adolf
3529:Irene of Athens
3502:Assyrian empire
3430:family pleaded
3343:House of Nassau
3283:, in favour of
3268:
3226:
3216:
3205:
3199:
3196:
3181:
3165:
3154:
3102:
3100:Quasi-Salic law
3053:
2940:
2934:
2900:Medieval Europe
2896:
2817:
2811:in Numbers 27.
2794:mess of pottage
2760:
2754:
2734:Catholic Church
2726:
2688:
2677:
2671:
2668:
2653:
2641:
2637:
2630:
2572:
2567:
2559:Prince Kusakabe
2505:family planning
2494:Book of Numbers
2482:
2471:
2465:
2462:
2451:
2438:
2434:
2427:
2409:
2388:Arakkal kingdom
2378:, the kings of
2374:as well as the
2351:Marumakkathayam
2335:Makobo Modjadji
2313:
2307:
2280:Delhi Sultanate
2252:Nawab of Bhopal
2250:who became the
2177:, and then the
2151:
2143:
2137:Black: deceased
2128:Grey: incumbent
2116:
2090:of 1797 and of
2076:Austria-Hungary
2065:
2059:Black: deceased
2050:Grey: incumbent
2040:
2018:
2012:Black: deceased
2006:Grey: incumbent
1996:
1965:Prince Akishino
1961:Prince Hisahito
1930:Partido Popular
1904:Perth Agreement
1870:'s infant son,
1856:
1840:(full) cognatic
1827:
1821:Black: deceased
1812:Grey: incumbent
1802:
1795:
1788:
1786:
1782:
1780:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1764:by succession:
1753:
1749:
1747:
1740:
1738:
1734:
1732:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1716:by succession:
1705:
1701:
1699:
1692:
1690:
1686:
1684:by succession:
1671:
1667:
1665:
1658:
1656:
1652:
1650:
1646:
1644:by succession:
1633:
1626:
1624:
1617:
1615:
1608:
1606:
1599:
1597:
1586:
1584:
1577:
1575:by succession:
1563:
1531:prince electors
1510:) or the later
1412:
1377:
1335:
1331:
1321:
1283:
1278:
1277:
1276:
1050:
1042:
1041:
1040:
932:
924:
923:
922:
841:
833:
832:
831:
811:
803:
802:
794:
790:Modern Cambodia
763:
727:
711:
695:
686:Trienio Liberal
674:
632:
624:
623:
622:
512:
504:
503:
502:
497:
487:
477:
467:
457:
447:
437:
275:
267:
266:
265:
241:Self-proclaimed
106:
98:
97:
94:
62:
37:Politics series
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7607:
7597:
7596:
7591:
7586:
7581:
7576:
7571:
7554:
7553:
7550:
7549:
7547:
7546:
7541:
7536:
7531:
7526:
7521:
7516:
7511:
7506:
7501:
7496:
7491:
7486:
7477:
7461:
7456:
7451:
7446:
7441:
7435:
7429:
7427:
7423:
7422:
7420:
7419:
7414:
7409:
7404:
7399:
7394:
7389:
7384:
7379:
7374:
7369:
7364:
7359:
7354:
7349:
7344:
7338:
7336:
7332:
7331:
7329:
7328:
7323:
7318:
7313:
7308:
7303:
7298:
7293:
7288:
7283:
7278:
7273:
7268:
7263:
7258:
7253:
7248:
7243:
7238:
7233:
7231:Ottoman Empire
7228:
7223:
7218:
7213:
7208:
7203:
7198:
7193:
7191:Kartli-Kakheti
7188:
7183:
7178:
7173:
7168:
7163:
7158:
7153:
7148:
7143:
7138:
7133:
7128:
7123:
7118:
7113:
7108:
7103:
7098:
7093:
7088:
7083:
7078:
7073:
7068:
7063:
7058:
7052:
7050:
7046:
7045:
7043:
7042:
7030:
7025:
7020:
7015:
7010:
7005:
7000:
6995:
6990:
6985:
6980:
6973:
6968:
6963:
6958:
6953:
6948:
6943:
6938:
6933:
6928:
6923:
6918:
6913:
6908:
6903:
6898:
6893:
6888:
6883:
6873:
6866:
6861:
6856:
6851:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6831:
6826:
6821:
6815:
6813:
6809:
6808:
6806:
6805:
6800:
6795:
6790:
6785:
6780:
6775:
6770:
6765:
6760:
6755:
6749:
6747:
6743:
6742:
6740:
6739:
6732:
6727:
6722:
6717:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6692:
6687:
6682:
6677:
6672:
6667:
6662:
6657:
6652:
6647:
6642:
6637:
6632:
6627:
6622:
6617:
6612:
6607:
6602:
6600:Central Africa
6597:
6592:
6587:
6582:
6577:
6572:
6567:
6561:
6559:
6552:
6546:
6545:
6542:
6541:
6539:
6538:
6536:United Kingdom
6533:
6528:
6523:
6518:
6513:
6508:
6503:
6502:
6501:
6496:
6486:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6450:
6448:
6442:
6441:
6439:
6438:
6432:
6430:
6424:
6423:
6421:
6420:
6415:
6410:
6405:
6400:
6395:
6390:
6385:
6380:
6375:
6370:
6364:
6362:
6356:
6355:
6353:
6352:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6300:
6295:
6290:
6285:
6279:
6277:
6271:
6270:
6268:
6267:
6260:
6255:
6250:
6244:
6242:
6233:
6229:
6228:
6226:
6225:
6220:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6200:
6195:
6193:Prince regnant
6190:
6189:
6188:
6178:
6173:
6167:
6165:
6161:
6160:
6158:
6157:
6152:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6112:
6110:Decolonization
6107:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6081:
6079:
6075:
6074:
6072:
6071:
6066:
6064:Personal union
6061:
6056:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6034:Constitutional
6031:
6025:
6023:
6019:
6018:
6016:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5989:
5986:
5985:
5978:
5977:
5970:
5963:
5955:
5946:
5945:
5943:
5942:
5941:
5940:
5930:
5918:
5915:
5914:
5912:
5911:
5910:
5909:
5897:
5896:
5895:
5883:
5882:
5881:
5869:
5864:
5863:
5862:
5850:
5849:
5848:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5825:
5824:
5812:
5811:
5810:
5798:
5797:
5796:
5784:
5779:
5777:Garrett Hardin
5774:
5773:
5772:
5760:
5759:
5758:
5746:
5741:
5740:
5739:
5726:
5724:
5712:
5711:
5709:
5708:
5703:
5702:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5686:
5676:
5675:
5674:
5669:
5668:
5667:
5662:
5654:
5649:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5588:
5587:
5582:
5572:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5548:Eminent domain
5545:
5540:
5539:
5538:
5531:Bioprospecting
5527:
5525:
5523:redistribution
5514:
5513:
5510:
5509:
5507:
5506:
5505:
5504:
5499:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5478:
5477:
5465:
5460:
5459:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5438:
5433:
5432:
5431:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5400:
5398:
5394:
5393:
5391:
5390:
5389:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5358:
5353:
5352:
5351:
5341:
5334:
5329:
5328:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5307:
5299:
5290:
5284:
5280:
5279:
5277:
5276:
5275:
5274:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5253:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5232:
5227:
5225:Natural rights
5222:
5217:
5216:
5215:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5179:
5178:
5173:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5152:
5151:
5141:
5135:
5133:
5129:
5128:
5126:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5094:
5092:
5086:
5085:
5083:
5082:
5081:
5080:
5070:
5065:
5064:
5063:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5037:
5035:
5031:
5030:
5028:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4961:
4959:
4955:
4954:
4947:
4946:
4939:
4932:
4924:
4916:
4915:
4890:
4859:
4849:
4819:
4812:
4791:
4789:(2004), p 502.
4778:
4759:(2): 307–346.
4743:
4730:10.2307/845880
4724:(2): 145–163.
4708:
4694:
4674:
4655:
4642:
4629:
4616:
4599:
4578:10.2307/300073
4560:Millar, Fergus
4551:
4529:
4518:
4507:
4496:
4476:
4453:
4441:
4410:
4379:
4363:
4342:
4312:
4279:
4263:
4235:
4199:
4172:(1): 151–189.
4152:
4122:
4079:
4036:
3999:(2): 438–453.
3983:
3976:
3950:
3923:(1/2): 63–84.
3907:
3886:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3879:
3878:
3873:
3866:
3861:
3860:
3859:
3854:
3841:
3833:
3828:
3822:
3821:
3805:
3802:
3781:
3780:United Kingdom
3778:
3776:
3775:
3768:
3753:In 2006, King
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3712:
3709:
3670:
3669:
3651:
3629:
3607:
3597:
3583:
3573:
3550:
3540:
3463:
3462:
3451:
3420:
3371:personal union
3319:personal union
3313:The crowns of
3218:
3217:
3168:
3166:
3159:
3153:
3150:
3101:
3098:
3052:
3049:
2942:Also known as
2936:Main article:
2933:
2930:
2916:, in his book
2895:
2892:
2879:Roman emperors
2816:
2813:
2756:Main article:
2753:
2750:
2725:
2722:
2690:
2689:
2644:
2642:
2635:
2629:
2626:
2591:monastic order
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2555:Empress Gemmei
2551:Empress Genshō
2526:Spanish Armada
2521:chivalric norm
2484:
2483:
2441:
2439:
2432:
2408:
2405:
2393:courtesy title
2306:
2303:
2179:United Kingdom
2173:, then in the
2142:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2134:Circle: female
2132:
2129:
2125:
2115:
2112:
2106:the dynasty's
2064:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2056:Circle: female
2054:
2051:
2047:
2039:
2036:
2024:head of family
2017:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2003:
1995:
1992:
1973:
1972:
1945:
1938:
1855:
1852:
1826:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1818:Circle: female
1816:
1813:
1809:
1801:
1798:
1787:
1781:
1771:
1765:
1748:
1739:
1733:
1723:
1717:
1700:
1691:
1685:
1666:
1657:
1651:
1645:
1625:
1616:
1607:
1598:
1585:
1576:
1562:
1559:
1512:Ottoman Empire
1453:United Kingdom
1411:
1408:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1319:
1312:
1305:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1262:
1261:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1188:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1171:
1166:
1165:
1164:
1159:
1149:
1148:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1127:
1122:
1121:
1120:
1115:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1096:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1075:
1074:
1073:
1063:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1049:Related topics
1048:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1026:
1025:
1024:
1014:
1009:
1008:
1007:
1002:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
966:
965:
963:Traditionalist
960:
950:
945:
940:
934:
933:
930:
929:
926:
925:
921:
920:
915:
914:
913:
908:
903:
893:
892:
891:
886:
885:
884:
879:
874:
864:
859:
857:Great Officers
854:
843:
842:
840:Administration
839:
838:
835:
834:
830:
829:
824:
819:
813:
812:
809:
808:
805:
804:
801:
800:
795:
793:
792:
787:
781:
779:
774:
769:
764:
762:
761:
756:
750:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
726:
725:
720:
714:
712:
710:
709:
704:
698:
696:
694:
693:
688:
682:
680:
675:
673:
672:
667:
661:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
633:
630:
629:
626:
625:
621:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
514:
513:
510:
509:
506:
505:
501:
500:
490:
480:
470:
460:
450:
440:
424:
423:
418:
413:
408:
403:
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
346:Crétineau-Joly
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
303:
298:
293:
288:
277:
276:
273:
272:
269:
268:
264:
263:
258:
253:
248:
243:
238:
237:
236:
226:
221:
216:
211:
209:Personal union
206:
201:
196:
191:
186:
181:
176:
171:
166:
164:Dynastic union
161:
160:
159:
149:
144:
139:
134:
132:Constitutional
129:
124:
119:
114:
108:
107:
104:
103:
100:
99:
96:
95:
93:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
66:
63:
60:
59:
56:
55:
47:
46:
40:
39:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7606:
7595:
7592:
7590:
7587:
7585:
7582:
7580:
7577:
7575:
7574:Legal history
7572:
7570:
7567:
7566:
7564:
7545:
7542:
7540:
7537:
7535:
7532:
7530:
7527:
7525:
7522:
7520:
7517:
7515:
7512:
7510:
7507:
7505:
7502:
7500:
7497:
7495:
7492:
7490:
7487:
7485:
7481:
7478:
7475:
7474:
7469:
7465:
7462:
7460:
7457:
7455:
7452:
7450:
7447:
7445:
7442:
7439:
7436:
7434:
7431:
7430:
7428:
7424:
7418:
7415:
7413:
7410:
7408:
7405:
7403:
7400:
7398:
7395:
7393:
7390:
7388:
7385:
7383:
7380:
7378:
7375:
7373:
7370:
7368:
7365:
7363:
7360:
7358:
7355:
7353:
7352:Easter Island
7350:
7348:
7345:
7343:
7340:
7339:
7337:
7333:
7327:
7324:
7322:
7319:
7317:
7314:
7312:
7309:
7307:
7304:
7302:
7299:
7297:
7294:
7292:
7289:
7287:
7284:
7282:
7279:
7277:
7274:
7272:
7269:
7267:
7264:
7262:
7259:
7257:
7254:
7252:
7249:
7247:
7244:
7242:
7239:
7237:
7234:
7232:
7229:
7227:
7224:
7222:
7219:
7217:
7214:
7212:
7209:
7207:
7204:
7202:
7199:
7197:
7194:
7192:
7189:
7187:
7184:
7182:
7179:
7177:
7174:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7164:
7162:
7159:
7157:
7154:
7152:
7149:
7147:
7144:
7142:
7139:
7137:
7134:
7132:
7129:
7127:
7124:
7122:
7119:
7117:
7114:
7112:
7109:
7107:
7104:
7102:
7099:
7097:
7094:
7092:
7089:
7087:
7084:
7082:
7079:
7077:
7074:
7072:
7069:
7067:
7064:
7062:
7059:
7057:
7054:
7053:
7051:
7047:
7040:
7039:
7034:
7031:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7011:
7009:
7006:
7004:
7001:
6999:
6996:
6994:
6991:
6989:
6986:
6984:
6981:
6979:
6978:
6974:
6972:
6969:
6967:
6964:
6962:
6959:
6957:
6954:
6952:
6949:
6947:
6944:
6942:
6939:
6937:
6934:
6932:
6929:
6927:
6924:
6922:
6919:
6917:
6914:
6912:
6909:
6907:
6904:
6902:
6899:
6897:
6894:
6892:
6891:Jabal Shammar
6889:
6887:
6884:
6881:
6877:
6874:
6872:
6871:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6817:
6816:
6814:
6810:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6751:
6750:
6748:
6744:
6738:
6737:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6701:
6698:
6696:
6693:
6691:
6688:
6686:
6683:
6681:
6678:
6676:
6673:
6671:
6668:
6666:
6663:
6661:
6658:
6656:
6653:
6651:
6648:
6646:
6643:
6641:
6638:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6626:
6623:
6621:
6618:
6616:
6613:
6611:
6608:
6606:
6603:
6601:
6598:
6596:
6593:
6591:
6588:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6562:
6560:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6547:
6537:
6534:
6532:
6529:
6527:
6524:
6522:
6519:
6517:
6514:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6504:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6491:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6451:
6449:
6447:
6443:
6437:
6434:
6433:
6431:
6429:
6425:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6383:Liechtenstein
6381:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6365:
6363:
6361:
6357:
6351:
6350:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6301:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6286:
6284:
6281:
6280:
6278:
6276:
6272:
6266:
6265:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6245:
6243:
6241:
6237:
6234:
6230:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6187:
6186:Queen regnant
6184:
6183:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6168:
6166:
6162:
6156:
6153:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6145:Republicanism
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6125:Head of state
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6082:
6080:
6076:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6059:Non-sovereign
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6026:
6024:
6020:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5990:
5987:
5983:
5976:
5971:
5969:
5964:
5962:
5957:
5956:
5953:
5939:
5936:
5935:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:Categories:
5920:
5919:
5916:
5908:
5907:
5903:
5902:
5901:
5898:
5894:
5893:
5889:
5888:
5887:
5884:
5880:
5879:
5875:
5874:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5867:David Ricardo
5865:
5861:
5860:
5856:
5855:
5854:
5851:
5847:
5846:
5842:
5841:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5834:Elinor Ostrom
5832:
5830:
5827:
5823:
5822:
5818:
5817:
5816:
5813:
5809:
5808:
5804:
5803:
5802:
5799:
5795:
5794:
5790:
5789:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5771:
5770:
5766:
5765:
5764:
5761:
5757:
5756:
5752:
5751:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5738:
5737:
5733:
5732:
5731:
5728:
5727:
5725:
5721:
5713:
5707:
5704:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5681:
5680:
5677:
5673:
5670:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5657:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5644:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5632:Privatization
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5612:Legal plunder
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5577:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5570:
5566:
5564:
5563:Expropriation
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5537:
5534:
5533:
5532:
5529:
5528:
5526:
5524:
5519:
5515:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5494:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5476:
5475:
5471:
5470:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5443:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5430:
5427:
5426:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5401:
5399:
5395:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5363:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5350:
5347:
5346:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5339:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5312:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5304:
5300:
5298:
5297:(watercourse)
5296:
5292:
5291:
5288:
5285:
5281:
5273:
5270:
5269:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5240:primogeniture
5238:
5237:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5220:Legal plunder
5218:
5214:
5211:
5210:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5171:appropriation
5169:
5168:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5161:Excludability
5159:
5157:
5154:
5150:
5147:
5146:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5136:
5134:
5130:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5095:
5093:
5091:
5087:
5079:
5076:
5075:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5062:
5059:
5058:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5038:
5036:
5032:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4962:
4960:
4956:
4952:
4945:
4940:
4938:
4933:
4931:
4926:
4925:
4922:
4904:
4900:
4894:
4878:
4874:
4873:The Telegraph
4870:
4863:
4853:
4837:
4833:
4829:
4823:
4815:
4809:
4805:
4801:
4795:
4788:
4782:
4774:
4770:
4766:
4762:
4758:
4754:
4747:
4739:
4735:
4731:
4727:
4723:
4719:
4712:
4697:
4691:
4687:
4686:
4678:
4671:
4667:
4664:
4659:
4652:
4646:
4639:
4633:
4626:
4620:
4613:
4609:
4603:
4595:
4591:
4587:
4583:
4579:
4575:
4571:
4567:
4566:
4561:
4555:
4548:
4544:
4541:
4536:
4534:
4527:
4522:
4516:
4515:Genesis 25:26
4511:
4505:
4504:Genesis 25:25
4500:
4492:
4491:
4483:
4481:
4473:
4470:
4466:
4462:
4457:
4451:
4450:Numbers 34:17
4445:
4429:
4425:
4421:
4414:
4398:
4394:
4393:Atlas Obscura
4390:
4383:
4376:
4372:
4367:
4360:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4347:
4330:
4326:
4325:newkerala.com
4322:
4316:
4300:
4296:
4295:
4290:
4283:
4276:
4272:
4267:
4260:
4254:
4250:
4246:
4242:
4238:
4232:
4228:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4210:
4203:
4195:
4191:
4187:
4183:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4168:(in German).
4167:
4163:
4156:
4140:
4136:
4132:
4126:
4118:
4114:
4110:
4106:
4102:
4098:
4094:
4090:
4083:
4075:
4071:
4067:
4063:
4059:
4055:
4051:
4047:
4040:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4006:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3987:
3979:
3973:
3969:
3965:
3961:
3954:
3946:
3942:
3938:
3934:
3930:
3926:
3922:
3918:
3917:Public Choice
3911:
3904:
3900:
3897:
3891:
3887:
3877:
3876:Royal bastard
3874:
3872:
3871:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3849:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3836:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3823:
3819:
3813:
3808:
3801:
3799:
3798:
3793:
3792:
3791:Downton Abbey
3787:
3773:
3769:
3765:
3764:
3763:
3758:
3756:
3741:
3738:
3737:Spanish Curse
3733:
3729:
3724:
3722:
3718:
3708:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3689:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3667:
3663:
3659:
3655:
3652:
3649:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3633:
3630:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3608:
3605:
3601:
3598:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3584:
3581:
3577:
3574:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3548:
3544:
3541:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3523:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3504:, as well as
3503:
3499:
3495:
3492:, Empress of
3491:
3487:
3483:
3477:
3475:
3472:(the same as
3471:
3466:
3460:
3459:the dead earl
3456:
3452:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3401:
3400:
3397:
3392:
3390:
3389:
3385:of his wife (
3383:
3378:
3374:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3334:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3311:
3310:in Portugal.
3309:
3306:in Spain and
3305:
3300:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3272:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3256:in favour of
3255:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3242:Salian Franks
3239:
3235:
3231:
3225:
3214:
3211:
3203:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3179:
3178:
3174:
3169:This section
3167:
3163:
3158:
3157:
3149:
3147:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3107:
3106:High Medieval
3097:
3095:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3079:
3075:
3074:British Crown
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3048:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3005:French Empire
3002:
2997:
2995:
2991:
2990:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2939:
2928:
2923:
2921:
2920:
2915:
2911:
2909:
2905:
2904:feudal system
2901:
2891:
2889:
2884:
2880:
2875:
2873:
2872:
2871:vir illustris
2867:
2866:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2835:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2812:
2810:
2805:
2803:
2800:prior to the
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2759:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2721:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2698:
2686:
2683:
2675:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2651:
2650:
2645:This section
2643:
2634:
2633:
2625:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2614:landed gentry
2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2598:Conquistadors
2594:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2579:
2577:
2562:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2542:
2540:
2536:
2531:
2527:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2497:
2495:
2491:
2480:
2477:
2469:
2459:
2458:the talk page
2455:
2449:
2447:
2442:This section
2440:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2404:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2356:
2352:
2347:
2345:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2319:
2317:
2312:
2302:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2283:
2281:
2277:
2276:Razia Sultana
2273:
2269:
2268:Velu Nachiyar
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2223:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2212:
2207:
2206:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2163:
2160:
2156:
2150:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2100:consanguinity
2095:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2072:Bourbon Spain
2061:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2044:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1953:Princess Aiko
1950:
1946:
1943:
1939:
1936:
1932:
1931:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1851:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1794:
1778:
1763:
1759:
1746:
1730:
1715:
1711:
1698:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1664:
1643:
1639:
1632:
1623:
1614:
1605:
1596:
1592:
1583:
1574:
1571:
1567:
1558:
1556:
1552:
1546:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1519:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1504:Mongol Empire
1501:
1497:
1494:), the early
1493:
1489:
1486:, as did the
1485:
1481:
1476:
1474:
1468:
1466:
1465:Liechtenstein
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1407:
1405:
1400:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1383:
1329:
1328:Primogeniture
1318:
1313:
1311:
1306:
1304:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1295:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1281:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1266:
1263:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1218:Regnal number
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1146:
1145:Non-sovereign
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1046:
1045:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
997:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
964:
961:
959:
958:Authoritarian
956:
955:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
935:
928:
927:
919:
916:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
901:Crown Council
899:
898:
897:
896:Privy council
894:
890:
887:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
869:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
849:
848:
845:
844:
837:
836:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
814:
807:
806:
799:
796:
791:
788:
786:
783:
782:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
760:
757:
755:
752:
751:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
724:
721:
719:
716:
715:
713:
708:
705:
703:
700:
699:
697:
692:
689:
687:
684:
683:
681:
679:
676:
671:
668:
666:
663:
662:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
634:
628:
627:
619:
618:Zourabichvili
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
515:
508:
507:
496:
495:
491:
486:
485:
481:
476:
475:
471:
466:
465:
461:
456:
455:
451:
446:
445:
441:
436:
435:
431:
430:
429:
428:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
331:Chateaubriand
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
283:
282:
281:
271:
270:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
235:
232:
231:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
199:Non-sovereign
197:
195:
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
172:
170:
167:
165:
162:
158:
155:
154:
153:
150:
148:
145:
143:
140:
138:
135:
133:
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128:
125:
123:
120:
118:
115:
113:
110:
109:
102:
101:
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83:
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65:
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7529:South Africa
7524:Sierra Leone
7471:
7301:Two Sicilies
7236:Papal States
7036:
6975:
6868:
6734:
6494:Cook Islands
6347:
6333:Saudi Arabia
6262:
5933:Property law
5904:
5890:
5876:
5857:
5843:
5839:Karl Polanyi
5819:
5815:Marcel Mauss
5805:
5791:
5782:David Harvey
5767:
5763:Henry George
5753:
5744:Ronald Coase
5734:
5719:
5665:wife selling
5647:bride buying
5585:repatriation
5567:
5518:Disposession
5472:
5361:Property law
5336:
5332:Forest types
5302:
5294:
5283:Applications
5239:
5213:rent-seeking
5198:Gift economy
5056:Intellectual
4906:. Retrieved
4902:
4893:
4881:. Retrieved
4872:
4862:
4852:
4840:. Retrieved
4836:the original
4831:
4822:
4803:
4794:
4786:
4781:
4756:
4752:
4746:
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4717:
4711:
4699:. Retrieved
4684:
4677:
4658:
4650:
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4637:
4632:
4624:
4619:
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4569:
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4456:
4444:
4432:. Retrieved
4423:
4413:
4403:26 September
4401:. Retrieved
4392:
4382:
4374:
4366:
4356:
4335:26 September
4333:. Retrieved
4324:
4315:
4303:. Retrieved
4294:The Guardian
4292:
4282:
4274:
4266:
4208:
4202:
4169:
4165:
4155:
4143:. Retrieved
4134:
4125:
4092:
4088:
4082:
4049:
4045:
4039:
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3992:
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3959:
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3789:
3783:
3760:
3752:
3736:
3725:
3714:
3701:Thutmose III
3690:
3671:
3632:Kalmar Union
3566:Queen Urraca
3478:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3409:King John II
3393:
3386:
3379:
3375:
3347:Nassau-Dietz
3335:
3325:: his niece
3312:
3301:
3236:, where the
3233:
3227:
3206:
3197:
3182:Please help
3170:
3143:
3103:
3092:, mother of
3082:
3054:
2998:
2987:
2941:
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2917:
2912:
2897:
2876:
2869:
2863:
2846:
2832:
2821:Roman Empire
2818:
2806:
2802:Roman Empire
2789:
2775:
2766:
2737:
2727:
2695:
2693:
2678:
2669:
2646:
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2472:
2463:
2452:Please help
2443:
2348:
2343:
2320:
2315:
2314:
2284:
2256:Rudrama Devi
2248:Qudsia Begum
2224:
2218:, mother of
2209:
2203:
2164:
2152:
2131:Square: male
2117:
2096:
2088:Pauline Laws
2068:
2053:Square: male
2021:
2009:Square: male
1974:
1928:
1862:amended its
1857:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1830:
1815:Square: male
1674:
1547:
1520:
1477:
1469:
1421:World War II
1413:
1401:
1327:
1326:
1093:Illegitimate
1088:Family trees
953:Conservatism
918:Royal assent
702:Liberal Wars
492:
482:
472:
462:
452:
442:
432:
426:
425:
280:Philosophers
279:
278:
219:Principality
35:Part of the
29:
7569:Inheritance
7468:British Raj
7440:(Sri Lanka)
7326:Württemberg
7038:South Yemen
6926:Maguindanao
6819:Afghanistan
6580:Barotseland
6516:Saint Lucia
6489:New Zealand
6398:Netherlands
6171:Chhatrapati
6155:Sovereignty
6095:Aristocracy
5807:Das Kapital
5694:progressive
5684:inheritance
5607:Land reform
5381:real estate
5356:Land tenure
5344:Inheritance
5272:anticommons
5208:Law of rent
5188:Game theory
5118:Information
5098:Common land
4995:Cooperative
4472:Japan Times
3848:Rota system
3772:grandeeship
3666:Elizabeth I
3547:Queen Didda
3533:Empress Zoe
3516:, queen of
3514:Cartimandua
3508:, queen of
3498:Shammuramat
3388:jure uxoris
3269: [
3129:. However,
3104:During the
3043:) fought a
2843:equestrians
2819:During the
2798:Middle East
2771:Gerard Hoet
2714:aristocracy
2380:Kolathunadu
2364:Sammothiris
2344:khadi-kholo
2331:matrilineal
2211:jure matris
2205:jure uxoris
1980:Netherlands
1963:, a son of
1880:Netherlands
1555:coup d'état
1492:Rota system
1488:Kievan Rus'
1441:Netherlands
1410:Description
1248:Interregnum
1213:Regnal list
1118:presumptive
943:Bonapartism
889:Royal guard
852:Appointment
817:Aristocracy
642:Magna Carta
608:Zhirinovsky
511:Politicians
438:(1265-1266)
366:Kierkegaard
7584:Succession
7563:Categories
7534:Tanganyika
7449:The Gambia
7377:Niuē-Fekai
7316:Yugoslavia
7216:Montenegro
7023:Upper Yafa
7018:Upper Asir
6655:Madagascar
6388:Luxembourg
6120:Government
6085:Abdication
6054:Hereditary
5982:Monarchies
5938:by country
5900:Adam Smith
5787:John Locke
5451:indigenous
5446:aboriginal
5366:alienation
5061:indigenous
5051:Intangible
4965:Collective
4908:28 January
4663:HN.psu.edu
4540:HN.psu.edu
4305:28 October
4218:1608.05940
4145:27 October
4014:2077/38982
3882:References
3818:Law portal
3697:Hatshepsut
3588:(Spain) -
3570:Alfonso VI
3564:(Spain) -
3545:(India) -
3482:Hatshepsut
3438:, whereas
3323:William IV
3222:See also:
3066:subsidiary
3029:Montenegro
2964:Charles IV
2914:Adam Smith
2902:where the
2672:March 2019
2656:improve it
2610:plantation
2530:Henry VIII
2466:April 2020
2448:to readers
2411:See also:
2376:Kolathiris
2323:Rain Queen
2309:See also:
2235:Rajaram II
2147:See also:
2092:Luxembourg
2086:under the
1896:Luxembourg
1573:monarchies
1437:Luxembourg
1388:legitimate
1233:Succession
1105:Figurehead
1056:Coronation
1005:Luxembourg
985:Legitimism
980:Jacobitism
543:Metternich
474:Patriarcha
371:Dostoevsky
301:Bellarmine
274:Philosophy
224:Real union
189:Hereditary
75:Monarchism
7504:Mauritius
7397:Rarotonga
7382:Nuku Hiva
7372:Mangareva
7347:Bora Bora
7226:Neuchâtel
7196:Lithuania
7101:Catalonia
6988:Sri Lanka
6941:Manchukuo
6916:Kurdistan
6870:Indonesia
6793:Talamanca
6753:Araucanía
6736:and other
6715:Wassoulou
6459:Australia
6135:Oligarchy
5801:Karl Marx
5602:Land Back
5553:Enclosure
5536:biopiracy
5474:Bergregal
5456:squatting
5230:Ownership
5144:Commodity
5123:Knowledge
5034:By nature
4990:Customary
4980:Community
4701:18 August
4627:, p. 188.
4623:Hopkins,
4614:. p. 188.
4594:159799017
4572:: 87–88.
4353:Tronföljd
4253:119173820
4194:203606658
4186:1613-0812
4117:197804359
4109:0010-4140
4066:0010-4140
4023:0003-0554
3945:154097838
3937:0048-5829
3693:coregency
3662:Edward VI
3518:Brigantes
3486:Cleopatra
3474:Salic Law
3308:Miguelism
3238:Salic Law
3200:July 2020
3171:does not
3146:Francoist
3045:civil war
2948:Salic law
2938:Salic law
2932:Salic law
2829:intestate
2825:Roman law
2815:Roman law
2718:democracy
2660:verifying
2565:Arguments
2517:financial
2501:civil war
2425:civil war
2421:coverture
2108:house law
2032:Salic law
1894:in 2009,
1890:in 1991,
1882:in 1983,
1390:child to
1253:Rebellion
1238:Anti-king
1223:Sovereign
1174:Pretender
1125:Kingmaker
1061:Criticism
1012:Orléanism
990:Miguelism
970:Despotism
938:Alfonsism
882:Favourite
872:Camarilla
862:Household
827:Oligarchy
822:Autocracy
598:Churchill
464:Leviathan
444:Monarchia
386:Bainville
261:Universal
234:Coregency
204:Pentarchy
127:Composite
7519:Rhodesia
7514:Pakistan
7433:Barbados
7402:Rimatara
7392:Rapa Iti
7321:Valencia
7296:Tavolara
7286:Scotland
7251:Portugal
7211:Moldavia
7096:Bulgaria
7091:Brittany
7066:Asturias
6946:Mongolia
6936:Maldives
6798:Trinidad
6788:Suriname
6746:Americas
6730:Zimbabwe
6725:Zanzibar
6710:Wituland
6685:Ngazidja
6680:Ndzuwani
6615:Ethiopia
6338:Thailand
6318:Malaysia
6298:Cambodia
6248:Eswatini
6044:Elective
6029:Absolute
5928:Property
5821:The Gift
5720:key work
5715:Scholars
5699:property
5656:spousal
5622:Poaching
5558:Eviction
5502:riparian
5463:Littoral
5371:easement
5349:executor
5320:literary
5245:usufruct
5193:Georgism
5073:Tangible
5068:Personal
4975:Communal
4958:By owner
4951:Property
4877:Archived
4802:(2009).
4666:Archived
4636:Millar.
4543:Archived
4465:Archived
4434:28 March
4428:Archived
4397:Archived
4377:, p. 16.
4329:Archived
4299:Archived
4277:, p. 16.
4139:Archived
4074:29515121
4031:53132563
3899:Archived
3852:Tanistry
3804:See also
3668:in 1558.
3432:tanistry
3327:Victoria
3062:courtesy
3025:Bulgaria
3011:and the
2980:Isabella
2865:dignitas
2839:senators
2790:bekhorah
2780:'s sons
2752:Biblical
2746:polygyny
2606:Virginia
2587:bequests
2549:such as
2327:Balobedu
2239:Shahu II
2233:adopted
2199:abeyance
2028:dynastic
1942:Nepalese
1832:Absolute
1777:Elective
1745:Elective
1729:Elective
1697:Elective
1663:Elective
1613:Elective
1591:Elective
1551:regicide
1543:Cambodia
1500:Tanistry
1473:moieties
1451:and the
1417:appanage
1208:Regicide
1152:Nobility
1113:apparent
1017:Royalism
995:Orangism
877:Courtier
603:Renouvin
578:Bismarck
573:Castillo
563:Disraeli
553:Polignac
533:Consalvi
434:De Regno
406:Bogdanor
256:Triarchy
251:Tetrarch
246:Signoria
179:Ethnarch
169:Elective
117:Absolute
44:Monarchy
7509:Nigeria
7484:Ireland
7412:Tahuata
7387:Raiatea
7367:Huahine
7342:Abemama
7335:Oceania
7306:Tuscany
7261:Romania
7256:Prussia
7221:Navarre
7201:Majorca
7181:Ireland
7176:Imereti
7171:Iceland
7166:Hungary
7161:Hanover
7156:Granada
7146:Germany
7141:Georgia
7136:Galicia
7126:Finland
7116:Corsica
7111:Cilicia
7081:Bavaria
7071:Austria
7056:Albania
7028:Vietnam
6971:Sarawak
6961:Qu'aiti
6896:Kathiri
6859:Dapitan
6834:Bukhara
6783:Miskito
6705:Tunisia
6695:Shilluk
6605:Dahomey
6595:Burundi
6585:Bagirmi
6565:Adamawa
6484:Jamaica
6479:Grenada
6464:Bahamas
6428:Oceania
6378:Denmark
6373:Belgium
6368:Andorra
6283:Bahrain
6258:Morocco
6253:Lesotho
6232:Current
6223:Pharaoh
6176:Emperor
6115:Dynasty
6069:Regency
6049:Federal
6039:Diarchy
5993:Monarch
5736:The Law
5642:Slavery
5468:Mineral
5436:Hunting
5429:pannage
5424:Grazing
5409:Fishing
5295:Acequia
5262:Rivalry
5250:women's
5108:Digital
5090:Commons
5025:Unowned
5000:Private
4883:5 April
4773:2953276
4373:1977:5
4273:1977:5
4245:3880014
3870:Majorat
3644:Swedish
3562:Galicia
3558:Castile
3506:Boudica
3500:of the
3494:Palmyra
3490:Zenobia
3440:Balliol
3315:Hanover
3304:Carlism
3192:removed
3177:sources
3033:Romania
3021:Albania
3017:in 1853
2944:agnatic
2908:estates
2883:adopted
2847:ordines
2834:ordines
2742:Islamic
2724:History
2654:Please
2620:of the
2602:English
2444:may be
2339:Limpopo
2325:of the
2289:(since
2231:Shahu I
2159:dynasty
1988:kinship
1935:dynasts
1892:Denmark
1888:Belgium
1854:History
1523:elected
1502:), the
1433:Denmark
1429:Belgium
1392:inherit
1265:Usurper
1157:Peerage
1135:Current
1083:Descent
1066:Dynasty
1029:Toryism
1000:Belgium
948:Carlism
911:Riksråd
906:Makhzen
867:Retinue
631:History
593:Metaxas
588:Maurras
558:Decazes
548:Villèle
538:Plessis
523:Pius VI
518:Mazarin
411:Scruton
381:Maurras
336:Novalis
321:Maistre
316:Bossuet
286:Aquinas
229:Regency
214:Popular
194:Khanate
184:Federal
174:Emirate
142:Diarchy
70:Monarch
7544:Uganda
7494:Malawi
7459:Guyana
7438:Ceylon
7417:Tahiti
7407:Rurutu
7362:Hawaii
7291:Serbia
7276:Saxony
7266:Russia
7151:Greece
7131:France
7121:Cyprus
7106:Crimea
7086:Bosnia
7061:Aragon
7049:Europe
7013:Taiwan
6983:Sikkim
6966:Ryukyu
6951:Najran
6849:Chehab
6829:Bengal
6778:Mexico
6763:Brazil
6690:Rwanda
6670:Maravi
6570:Ankole
6558:Africa
6550:Former
6531:Tuvalu
6474:Canada
6469:Belize
6413:Sweden
6403:Norway
6393:Monaco
6360:Europe
6313:Kuwait
6308:Jordan
6293:Brunei
6288:Bhutan
6240:Africa
6213:Sultan
6164:Titles
6078:Topics
5617:Piracy
5569:Farhud
5397:Rights
5338:Huerta
5310:Estate
5132:Theory
5113:Global
5015:Social
5005:Public
4970:Common
4857:right.
4842:31 May
4810:
4771:
4738:845880
4736:
4692:
4592:
4586:300073
4584:
4424:News24
4251:
4243:
4233:
4192:
4184:
4115:
4107:
4072:
4064:
4029:
4021:
3974:
3943:
3935:
3686:knight
3512:, and
3417:Jeanne
3234:milieu
3232:royal
3230:French
3127:Edward
3058:cadets
3037:Serbia
3035:, and
3007:, the
2855:career
2758:Bechor
2738:per se
2732:, the
2706:entail
2490:prince
2423:, and
2386:. The
2293:) and
2287:Monaco
2155:dynast
2084:Russia
1984:Norway
1982:, and
1978:, the
1976:Monaco
1918:, and
1884:Norway
1860:Sweden
1791:
1789:
1783:
1775:
1773:
1767:
1750:
1743:
1741:
1735:
1727:
1725:
1719:
1702:
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1693:
1687:
1668:
1661:
1659:
1653:
1647:
1629:
1627:
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1611:
1609:
1602:
1600:
1589:
1587:
1580:
1578:
1525:. The
1461:Monaco
1449:Sweden
1445:Norway
1396:estate
1243:Crisis
1196:Empire
1140:Former
1078:Family
810:Polity
568:Cortés
498:(2001)
488:(1796)
478:(1680)
468:(1651)
458:(1576)
448:(1313)
421:Yarvin
376:Youwei
361:Balmes
356:Cortés
341:Balzac
326:Bonald
311:Hobbes
306:Filmer
7499:Malta
7489:Kenya
7464:India
7454:Ghana
7281:Savoy
7271:Samos
7186:Italy
7033:Yemen
7008:Tibet
7003:Syria
6956:Nepal
6931:Mahra
6911:Kumul
6906:Korea
6901:Khiva
6880:Qajar
6864:Hejaz
6854:China
6839:Burma
6768:Haiti
6758:Aztec
6675:Mwali
6665:Maore
6645:Libya
6640:Kongo
6635:Kaffa
6630:Gumma
6625:Gomma
6620:Ghana
6610:Egypt
6590:Bornu
6575:Aussa
6436:Tonga
6408:Spain
6328:Qatar
6303:Japan
5706:Theft
5492:Water
5386:title
5315:legal
5303:Ejido
5041:Croft
5020:State
4985:Crown
4769:JSTOR
4734:JSTOR
4590:S2CID
4582:JSTOR
4249:S2CID
4213:arXiv
4190:S2CID
4113:S2CID
4070:S2CID
4027:S2CID
3941:S2CID
3749:Spain
3726:When
3510:Iceni
3428:Bruce
3273:]
2974:. By
2877:Most
2786:Jacob
2778:Isaac
2589:to a
2295:Spain
1949:Japan
1836:equal
1570:World
1537:were
1514:(see
1506:(see
1498:(see
1490:(see
1457:Spain
1228:Style
1201:Reich
1191:Realm
1162:Realm
1109:Heir
1071:Lists
1022:Ultra
847:Court
583:Mella
528:Ruffo
427:Works
416:Hoppe
396:Evola
351:Gogol
296:Bodin
291:Dante
157:Grand
152:Duchy
105:Types
7444:Fiji
6998:Sulu
6977:Shan
6921:Laos
6886:Iraq
6876:Iran
6844:Cebu
6824:Asir
6812:Asia
6773:Inca
6720:Yeke
6660:Mali
6650:Luba
6499:Niue
6349:list
6323:Oman
6275:Asia
6264:list
6218:Shah
6208:Tsar
6203:khan
6198:Raja
6181:King
6022:Type
5689:poll
5672:wage
5441:Land
5325:real
5078:real
5010:Self
4910:2021
4885:2018
4844:2009
4808:ISBN
4703:2020
4690:ISBN
4436:2022
4405:2020
4337:2020
4307:2011
4257:See
4231:ISBN
4182:ISSN
4147:2019
4105:ISSN
4062:ISSN
4019:ISSN
3972:ISBN
3933:ISSN
3850:and
3730:and
3699:and
3560:and
3554:León
3535:and
3484:and
3453:The
3434:and
3403:The
3382:lord
3175:any
3173:cite
2952:Joan
2841:and
2782:Esau
2355:Nair
2321:The
2299:1830
2291:1454
2270:and
2169:and
1593:and
1518:).
1459:and
1270:list
1186:Rank
1179:List
1034:High
391:Seca
147:Dual
7206:Man
5679:Tax
5404:Air
4761:doi
4726:doi
4574:doi
4371:SOU
4271:SOU
4223:doi
4174:doi
4097:doi
4054:doi
4009:hdl
4001:doi
3997:108
3964:doi
3925:doi
3921:103
3715:In
3248:of
3186:by
3064:or
2728:In
2694:In
2658:by
2301:).
2102:or
1947:In
1842:or
1545:).
1258:War
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