432:. The Conference convenes triannually to discuss various issues related to state and national policies. The most important role of the Conference is to elect the Yang di-Pertuan Agong every five years or when a vacancy occurs. Only the rulers participate in the election of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, as well as discussions related to rulers' privileges and religious observances. The Conference's other role in the federal governance of the country is to give consent to amendments of certain entrenched provisions of the federal
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765:. The Undang of Jelebu is elected among the four noble houses, Waris Jelebu, Waris Ulu Jelebu, Waris Sarin and Waris Kemin. Undang of Johol are a succession of members of two families in the female line which are Perut Gemencheh and Perut Johol. The son of the eldest sister of the incumbent is usually the heir. The Undang of Rembau alternates between the two major noble houses in the Luak, namely the Waris Jakun (who inherit the title
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1703:. A consort may only use a title if it is granted to her either by order of the ruler or during a coronation ceremony. The consorts of different states have different titles, some do not even receive one. The title of a consort in a state may also change depending on the ruler. For instance, the wife of
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their turns. When the office was established in 1957, the order of seniority of the rulers was based on the length of their reigns on the state thrones. When the first cycle of rotation was completed in 1994, the order of the states in the first cycle became the basis of the order for the second cycle.
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The present form of constitutional monarchy in
Malaysia dates from 1957, when the Federation of Malaya gained independence. The rulers serve as constitutional heads of their states, with the state executive powers exercised by state governments elected by the people. The rulers elect among themselves
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as the Raja Muda (first in line to the throne), bypassing the candidates from the other two branches. The appointment was due to the demise of the previous Raja Muda, Raja Ahmed
Sifuddin, and the renouncement of the Raja Di-hilir (second in line to the throne), Raja Ahmad Hisham, for health reasons.
870:
In addition, the district of Tampin has its own hereditary ruler, known as the Tunku Besar. The Tunku Besars of Tampin are descendants of Sharif Sha'aban Syed
Ibrahim al-Qadri, the son-in-law of Raja Ali, a member of the state royal family who challenged the reign of the Yang di-Pertuan Besar in the
1157:
is elected by and among the nine rulers (excluding minors) every five years or when a vacancy arises (by death, resignation, or deposition by majority vote of the rulers). The Yang di-Pertuan Agong serves a maximum of five years, and may not be re-elected until after all the other states had taken
919:
The modern royal house of Pahang is a branch of the royal family of Johor. They held the title of
Bendahara. In 1853, the Bendahara, Tun Muhammad Tahir, broke away from the Johor sultan and declared the state of Pahang independent. He was later deposed by his brother Ahmad, who declared himself
468:
became the dominant power on the peninsula. The
Malacca Sultanate was the first Malay Muslim state based on the peninsula that was also a real regional maritime power. After the fall of Malacca in 1511, several local rulers emerged in the northern part of the peninsula which later fell under
1136:
In Perak, the throne is rotated among three branches of the royal family. The system originated in the 19th century during the reign of the 18th Sultan of Perak, when it was decided that the throne would rotate among his three sons and their descendants. There are six positions in the
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influence, while two princes of the
Malaccan royal family founded Johor and Perak respectively. The Sultanate of Johor emerged as the dominant power on the peninsula. The vast territory of Johor led to some areas gaining autonomy, which gradually developed into independent states.
495:. The British wrestled Kedah, Kelantan, Perlis and Terengganu from Siamese influence, and in turn they each received a British "advisor". Johor was the last state to succumb to British pressure, receiving an advisor in 1914. These five states were known as the
333:
in his state. As with other constitutional monarchs around the world, the rulers do not participate in the actual governance in their states; instead, each of them is bound by convention to act on the advice of the head of government of his state, known as
477:
In the 19th century, as various infighting among the Malay aristocracy threatened
British economic interests in the region, the British began a policy of intervention. The British concluded treaties with some Malay states, installing
342:, and refusing a dissolution of the state assembly when requested by the Menteri Besar. The powers of the monarchs have been restricted over time, although there is debate about the precise limits of their powers.
526:
a federal head of state, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, with the federal executive powers exercised by an elected federal government. The form of constitutional monarchy was retained when
Malaysia was formed in 1963.
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ruling powers of their states. These residents held power in everything except in religious affairs and Malay customs. In 1895, the governance of Negeri
Sembilan, Pahang, Perak and Selangor were combined as the
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The first Sultan of
Selangor was HRH Sultan Sallehuddin Shah of Selangor. He took the title as the Sultan in November 1742. He was the son of the famous Bugis warrior Prince Daeng Chelak.
730:
in the 18th century. Raja Melewar was succeeded by other princes sent from Pagaruyung, whose sons did not inherit the throne until Raja Raden in 1831, who was the son of Raja Lenggang.
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sultanate was founded by the son of the last sultan of Malacca, Sultan Muzaffar Shah. His descendants still live until this day. The Sultan of Perak resides in Istana Iskandariah in
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2083:) are the cities and towns where the official residences of the rulers are situated. In some states, the royal capital is different from the administrative capital.
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1133:, to succeed his father. In 2008, upon the death of Tuanku Jaafar, the Chieftains passed over Jaafar's sons and elected Tunku Muhriz as the next ruler.
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serves as the royal city. The main palace for ceremonial functions is Istana Balai Besar, while Istana Negeri serves as the current sultan's residence.
623:, son of Long Yunus, declared himself Sultan in 1800 and gained recognition as a tributary by the Siamese. Control over Kelantan was transferred to the
338:(pl. Menteri-menteri Besar). However, the ruler of each state has discretionary powers in appointing the Menteri Besar that commands a majority in the
1714:
Titles of consorts usually take the form Che Puan/Cik Puan, Raja Perempuan/Raja Permaisuri, Tengku Ampuan/Tengku Permaisuri, Sultanah or Permaisuri.
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of Malaysia. As the Yang di-Pertuan Agong is elected among the rulers, Malaysia, as a whole, is also an elective monarchy.
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was the son of the last Sultan of Malacca, who reigned from 1528. In the 19th century, with support from the British, the
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except in religious matters. Widespread opposition by Malay nationalists led to the reform of Malayan Union to become the
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rulers, collectively referred to as the Malay states. State constitutions limit eligibility for the thrones to male Malay
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which was headed by a British governor. Under the terms of the Union, the Malay rulers conceded all their powers to the
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customs. The Undang of Sungai Ujong is chosen among the Waris Hulu and Waris Hilir families, and inherits the title
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in 1946, the British combined the Federated Malay States and the Unfederated Malay States, together with two of the
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2774:"[Order of precedence for the Raja Permaisuri Agong, royal consorts and wives of Yang di-Pertua Negeri]"
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Each of the nine rulers serves as the head of state of his own state, as well as the head of the religion of
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was not selected as the next Yamtuan Besar because of his youth. Instead, the Chieftains elected his uncle,
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Installation of the 11th Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negri Sembilan Tuanku Muhriz Ibni Almarhum Tuanku Munawir
2012:
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365:. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong is the head of Islam in his own state, the four states without rulers (
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1114:. No female may become ruler, and female line descendants are generally excluded from succession.
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The state of Selangor is on the west coast of Peninsular of Malaysia and is bordered by
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is situated in north-eastern Peninsular Malaysia, and is bordered in the northwest by
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in 1948, in which the rulers were restored to their symbolic role as heads of state.
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as the national language, and the status of Islam as the religion of the federation.
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is known as the founder of "modern Johor". His descendants rule the state today.
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2561:. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 478–484.
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2603:"History in the making: Negri Sembilan welcomes a new ruler after 40 years"
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of the state is nominally elected by a council of Four Ruling Chieftains (
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every 5 years or if the incumbent dies or abdicates the federal throne.
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57: in this template. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2878:"Sultan Sharafuddin's consort proclaimed as Tengku Permaisuri Selangor"
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was known as the Tengku Ampuan Besar, while the wife of his grandson
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Every five years or when a vacancy occurs, the rulers convene as the
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1038:, both of which were once under Selangor's territorial sovereignty.
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family gained recognition as rulers of the state. Its first sultan,
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was founded around 630 CE by Maharaja Derbar Raja, who arrived from
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Chieftains are selected among the nobility in each Luak, following
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A unique feature of the constitutional monarchy in Malaysia is the
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711:(Yam Tuan Besar), who is the Head of State of Negeri Sembilan.
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The early Sultans of Johor claimed to be a continuation of the
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578:. Sultan Mudzafar's descendants continue to rule Kedah today.
2506:"Malaysian democrats pin their hopes on the country's royals"
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of royal descent. Seven are hereditary monarchies based on
2776:. Office of the Keeper of the Rulers' Seal. Archived from
2574:(1956). Malaysian Historical Society. Volumes 3–5, p 11.
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after helping them suppress a rebellion by the Raja of
944:, the sons of Syed Abu Bakar Jamalullail, the chief of
452:
Historically, various Malay kingdoms flourished on the
292:, whereas the ruler of Negeri Sembilan is known as the
224:
of Malaysia are constitutionally headed by traditional
1473:
Al-Sultan Abdullah Ri'ayatuddin Al-Mustafa Billah Shah
1030:
to the west. It surrounds the Federal Territories of
923:
The Sultan of Pahang resides in Istana Abdulaziz in
707:(chieftain). Four of the major chieftains elect the
210:. The political system of Malaysia is based on the
968:descent and continue to rule the state of Perlis.
693:Negeri Sembilan's monarchy incorporates a form of
482:" as advisors to the rulers, who soon became the
202:exist in each of the nine Malay states under the
3682:
1711:is known as the Sultanah (formerly Permaisuri).
464:in present-day Kedah. In the 15th century, the
2541:
217:in combination with features of a federation.
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2677:
2600:
1435:None; elected by the four ruling chieftains (
424:, consisting of the nine rulers and the four
2461:Constitution of Malaysia:Article 38-2(b)
697:, whereby the state is divided into smaller
675:The Sultan of Johor resides in the capital,
456:. The earliest kingdoms were influenced by
2910:
2896:
2836:. MalaysianMonarchy.org.my. Archived from
2806:. MalaysianMonarchy.org.my. Archived from
952:, was recognised as Raja of Perlis by the
853:Dato' Lela Maharaja / Dato' Sedia di-Raja
2583:Muhammad Ismail Ibrahim (17 March 2011).
2531:Constitution of Malaysia:Article 43-2
2380:
726:nobility in the nine small states in the
317:, the federal constitutional monarch and
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
2736:
2494:Constitution of Malaysia:Article 3-2
1920:Tunku Azizah Aminah Maimunah Iskandariah
570:king, Phra Ong Mahawangsa, converted to
491:, headed by a Resident General based in
133:
353:. His symbolic roles include being the
14:
3683:
1705:Sultan Ismail Nasiruddin of Terengganu
1161:
1079:. Several outlying islands, including
740:
2917:
2891:
2659:. State Government of Negeri Sembilan
2637:. State Government of Negeri Sembilan
2086:The Yang di-Pertuan Agong resides in
3349:States and municipalities by exports
3038:2020–2022 Malaysian political crisis
1439:) from male descendants of previous
1090:The Sultan of Terengganu resides in
835:Johan Pahlawan Lela Perkasa Setiawan
603:After centuries of subordination by
286:. The ruler of Perlis is styled the
55:adding citations to reliable sources
26:
2585:Kelantan's Castle: The Royal Palace
2545:; Graham, Walter Armstrong (1911).
2465:
1717:
1110:is generally determined roughly by
581:The seat of the Sultan of Kedah is
24:
2750:. 17 February 2011. Archived from
2720:. 30 December 2008. Archived from
2714:"Tuanku Muhriz is new Negri Ruler"
1041:The Sultan of Selangor resides in
971:The seat of the Raja of Perlis is
733:The seat of the Yam Tuan Besar is
682:
510:, Penang and Malacca, to form the
25:
3717:
2678:Radi Mustapha (26 October 2008).
2601:S. Indramalar (26 October 2009).
2594:
2411:Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah
2070:
1677:62 years, 242 days old
1628:78 years, 271 days old
1579:81 years, 126 days old
1530:67 years, 298 days old
1488:Tengku Hassanal Ibrahim Alam Shah
1429:76 years, 250 days old
1380:54 years, 350 days old
1331:82 years, 143 days old
1282:65 years, 303 days old
1234:65 years, 303 days old
755:inheritance, part of the state's
2998:Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation
2860:"Schedule 6. Exemption From Tax"
2421:Sultan Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah
2352:
2324:
2294:
2266:
2238:
2207:
2174:
2141:
2111:
2026:
1995:
1964:
1933:
1902:
1871:
1840:
1809:
1778:
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1481:65 years, 52 days old
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1202:
1087:, are also a part of the state.
964:region. The Jamalullails are of
701:(chiefdoms), each with a ruling
460:culture, the most notable being
313:) to elect among themselves the
31:
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42:needs additional citations for
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2548:"Malay States (British)"
2535:
2524:
2498:
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1106:In seven of the Malay states,
662:Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah II
13:
1:
3701:Political history of Malaysia
2969:Japanese occupation of Malaya
2475:. dfat.gov.au. September 2013
2447:
2397:Raja Permaisuri Tuanku Bainun
1620:Sultan Sharafuddin Idris Shah
1522:Sultan Nazrin Muizzuddin Shah
1101:
1052:
937:House of Jamalullail (Perlis)
714:The first Yam Tuan Besar was
3283:State legislative assemblies
3003:Sarawak communist insurgency
2830:"Yang di-Pertuan Agong XIII"
2401:Sultan Azlan Muhibuddin Shah
2013:Tengku Permaisuri Norashikin
1834:12 September 2017 – present
1387:Tengku Muhammad Fakhry Petra
856:Dato' Muhamad Sharip Othman
815:Mendika Menteri Akhirulzaman
629:Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909
7:
3502:Water supply and sanitation
3028:1997 Asian financial crisis
2834:His Majesty and Her Majesty
2804:His Majesty and Her Majesty
2051:19 July 1998 – 5 June 2006
1896:29 December 2008 – present
1694:
1586:Tuanku Syed Faizuddin Putra
1000:
592:
10:
3722:
3065:Cities, towns and villages
3023:1988 constitutional crisis
2800:"Yang di-Pertuan Agong IV"
2437:Raja Perempuan Tengku Anis
1927:22 January 2019 – present
1772:31 January 2024 – present
1709:Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin
1686:, the Yang di-Pertuan Muda
1669:Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin
1338:Tengku Sarafudin Badlishah
1145:appointed his eldest son,
1056:
1004:
982:
934:
912:
898:Tunku Syed Razman al-Qadri
744:
686:
649:
596:
574:in 1136. He took the name
566:was founded when the last
533:
447:
340:state legislative assembly
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3515:
3405:
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3304:
3295:
3193:
3184:
3055:
3046:
2929:
2037:
2024:
930:
908:
865:
547:Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa
3555:Malay ethnic nationalism
3013:Second Malayan Emergency
2591:. Accessed 13 June 2011.
2473:"Malaysia country brief"
2232:(Yang di-Pertuan Besar)
1865:2 August 2022 – present
1858:Sultanah Nur Diana Petra
1803:23 March 2015 – present
1117:In Negeri Sembilan, the
978:
950:Sultan Dziaddin of Kedah
942:Syed Hussein Jamalullail
645:
529:
497:Unfederated Malay States
324:
142:of the nine monarchical
66:"Monarchies of Malaysia"
2680:"Ceremony and protocol"
2558:Encyclopædia Britannica
1989:14 July 2000 – present
1958:20 June 2014 – present
206:system as practised in
204:constitutional monarchy
129:Constitutional monarchy
3696:Government of Malaysia
3691:Monarchies of Malaysia
3354:Science and technology
2543:Clifford, Hugh Charles
2417:Che Puan Besar Haminah
2407:Permaisuri Siti Aishah
2381:Living former consorts
2064:5 June 2006 – present
2044:Permaisuri Nur Zahirah
1684:Tengku Muhammad Ismail
1571:Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin
1075:, and the east by the
960:, a microstate in the
769:) and the Waris Jawa (
722:at the request of the
489:Federated Malay States
428:Yang di-Pertua Negeris
426:
407:
359:Malaysian Armed Forces
310:
200:monarchies of Malaysia
195:
158:. Clockwise from top:
138:A seal containing the
3008:Singapore in Malaysia
2718:The Malaysian Insider
2427:Cik Puan Besar Kalsom
1982:Tuanku Tengku Fauziah
1768:Raja Permaisuri Agong
1756:Yang di-Pertuan Agong
1663:agnatic primogeniture
1614:agnatic primogeniture
1565:agnatic primogeniture
1467:agnatic primogeniture
1410:Yang di-Pertuan Besar
1366:agnatic primogeniture
1317:agnatic primogeniture
1268:agnatic primogeniture
1215:Yang di-Pertuan Agong
1155:Yang di-Pertuan Agong
1112:agnatic primogeniture
1026:to the south and the
709:Yang di-Pertuan Besar
634:The state capital is
409:Yang di-Pertua Negeri
347:Yang di-Pertuan Agong
315:Yang di-Pertuan Agong
295:Yang di-Pertuan Besar
234:agnatic primogeniture
137:
3384:World Bank Relations
3122:World Heritage Sites
3100:environmental issues
2983:Federation of Malaya
2840:on 28 September 2011
2810:on 28 September 2011
2657:"Undang Institution"
2635:"Undang Institution"
2075:The royal capitals (
2057:Sultanah Nur Zahirah
2020:8 Sept 2016–present
1889:Tuanku Aishah Rohani
1490:, the Tengku Mahkota
1389:, the Tengku Mahkota
1242:Conference of Rulers
1059:Terengganu Sultanate
948:, and a daughter of
871:early 19th century.
802:Dato' Mubarak Dohak
660:. The first Sultan,
576:Sultan Mudzafar Shah
520:Federation of Malaya
440:, the status of the
422:Conference of Rulers
303:Conference of Rulers
215:parliamentary system
51:improve this article
3706:Lists of monarchies
3152:Peninsular Malaysia
2864:Income Tax Act 1967
2780:on 20 November 2011
2754:on 19 February 2011
2608:The Star (Malaysia)
2572:Malaysia in history
2441:Sultan Ismail Petra
1893:Tunku Ampuan Besar
1391:(youngest brother)
1291:, the Tunku Mahkota
1162:Table of monarchies
1139:order of succession
1071:, the southwest by
771:Dato' Sedia di-Raja
767:Dato' Lela Maharaja
741:Chieftains / Undang
508:Straits Settlements
383:Federal Territories
150:, displayed in the
3472:Malaysian diaspora
3364:Telecommunications
2993:Malaysia Agreement
2949:Portuguese Malacca
2724:on 14 October 2012
2615:on 18 October 2012
2589:The Kelantan Times
2017:Tengku Permaisuri
1796:Raja Zarith Sofiah
1762:Raja Zarith Sofiah
1383:13 September 2010
1334:11 September 2017
1323:Sultan Sallehuddin
1289:Tunku Ismail Idris
1083:, Pulau Kapas and
1007:Selangor Sultanate
720:Pagaruyung Kingdom
670:Maharaja Abu Bakar
599:Sultan of Kelantan
564:Sultanate of Kedah
355:Commander-in-Chief
196:
3678:
3677:
3631:
3630:
3457:Income inequality
3452:Human trafficking
3392:
3391:
3291:
3290:
3273:Political parties
3218:Foreign relations
3180:
3179:
2988:Malayan Emergency
2748:New Straits Times
2512:. 26 January 2017
2431:Sultan Ahmad Shah
2378:
2377:
2068:
2067:
1951:Tuanku Zara Salim
1692:
1691:
1631:21 November 2001
1625:24 December 1945
1527:27 November 1956
1516:agnatic seniority
1432:29 December 2008
1415:elective monarchy
1372:Sultan Muhammad V
1279:22 November 1958
1240:None; elected by
1231:22 November 1958
1220:elective monarchy
1092:Istana Syarqiyyah
1028:Strait of Malacca
906:
905:
863:
862:
841:Muhammad Abdullah
821:Maarof Mat Rashad
763:Dato' Klana Petra
658:Malacca Sultanate
544:According to the
466:Malacca Sultanate
278:elective monarchy
270:agnatic seniority
127:
126:
119:
101:
16:(Redirected from
3713:
3658:
3651:
3644:
3403:
3402:
3339:
3302:
3301:
3191:
3190:
3053:
3052:
2912:
2905:
2898:
2889:
2888:
2882:
2881:
2874:
2868:
2867:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2845:
2826:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2796:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2770:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2740:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2729:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2690:. Archived from
2675:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2642:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2611:. Archived from
2598:
2592:
2581:
2575:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2550:
2539:
2533:
2528:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2502:
2496:
2491:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2469:
2463:
2458:
2370:Kuala Terengganu
2365:Kuala Terengganu
2358:
2356:
2355:
2330:
2328:
2327:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2272:
2270:
2269:
2244:
2242:
2241:
2213:
2211:
2210:
2180:
2178:
2177:
2147:
2145:
2144:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2093:
2092:
2032:
2030:
2029:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1970:
1968:
1967:
1955:Raja Permaisuri
1939:
1937:
1936:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1815:
1813:
1812:
1784:
1782:
1781:
1749:
1747:
1746:
1722:
1721:
1718:List of consorts
1674:22 January 1962
1651:
1649:
1648:
1635:Tengku Amir Shah
1602:
1600:
1599:
1553:
1551:
1550:
1539:, the Raja Muda
1504:
1502:
1501:
1484:11 January 2019
1455:
1453:
1452:
1426:14 January 1948
1403:
1401:
1400:
1354:
1352:
1351:
1305:
1303:
1302:
1285:23 January 2010
1256:
1254:
1253:
1237:31 January 2024
1208:
1206:
1205:
1166:
1165:
1147:Raja Nazrin Shah
1108:succession order
1096:Kuala Terengganu
1081:Pulau Perhentian
1043:Istana Alam Shah
920:Sultan in 1884.
915:Sultan of Pahang
877:District / Luak
874:
873:
779:District / Luak
776:
775:
552:Kingdom of Kedah
431:
412:
311:Majlis Raja-Raja
122:
115:
111:
108:
102:
100:
59:
35:
27:
21:
3721:
3720:
3716:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3711:
3710:
3681:
3680:
3679:
3674:
3661:
3654:
3647:
3640:
3627:
3584:
3575:Public holidays
3511:
3492:Sex trafficking
3388:
3337:
3287:
3253:Law enforcement
3176:
3042:
3018:13 May incident
2925:
2916:
2886:
2885:
2876:
2875:
2871:
2858:
2857:
2853:
2843:
2841:
2828:
2827:
2823:
2813:
2811:
2798:
2797:
2793:
2783:
2781:
2772:
2771:
2767:
2757:
2755:
2742:
2741:
2737:
2727:
2725:
2712:
2711:
2707:
2697:
2695:
2694:on 22 June 2011
2676:
2672:
2662:
2660:
2655:
2654:
2650:
2640:
2638:
2633:
2632:
2628:
2618:
2616:
2599:
2595:
2582:
2578:
2570:
2566:
2540:
2536:
2529:
2525:
2515:
2513:
2504:
2503:
2499:
2492:
2488:
2478:
2476:
2471:
2470:
2466:
2459:
2455:
2450:
2387:Tunku Puan Nora
2383:
2353:
2351:
2325:
2323:
2295:
2293:
2267:
2265:
2239:
2237:
2215:Negeri Sembilan
2208:
2206:
2175:
2173:
2142:
2140:
2112:
2110:
2073:
2027:
2025:
1996:
1994:
1986:Raja Perempuan
1965:
1963:
1934:
1932:
1903:
1901:
1879:Negeri Sembilan
1872:
1870:
1841:
1839:
1827:Sultanah Maliha
1810:
1808:
1779:
1777:
1744:
1742:
1720:
1697:
1687:
1646:
1644:
1638:
1637:, the Raja Muda
1597:
1595:
1589:
1588:, the Raja Muda
1548:
1546:
1541:(eldest uncle)
1540:
1499:
1497:
1491:
1450:
1448:
1405:Negeri Sembilan
1398:
1396:
1390:
1377:6 October 1969
1349:
1347:
1341:
1340:, the Raja Muda
1300:
1298:
1292:
1251:
1249:
1203:
1201:
1195:Designated heir
1164:
1104:
1077:South China Sea
1061:
1055:
1024:Negeri Sembilan
1009:
1003:
987:
985:Perak Sultanate
981:
939:
933:
917:
911:
868:
785:Ruler / Undang
749:
743:
728:Malay Peninsula
691:
685:
683:Negeri Sembilan
654:
652:Sultan of Johor
648:
601:
595:
542:
540:Kedah Sultanate
534:Main articles:
532:
454:Malay Peninsula
450:
417:of the states.
415:Chief Ministers
349:is the federal
327:
274:Negeri Sembilan
184:Negeri Sembilan
130:
123:
112:
106:
103:
60:
58:
48:
36:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3719:
3709:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3672:
3667:
3660:
3659:
3652:
3645:
3637:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3625:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3592:
3590:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3521:
3519:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3448:
3447:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3406:
3400:
3394:
3393:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3359:Stock exchange
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3333:
3331:Federal budget
3328:
3323:
3322:
3321:
3311:
3305:
3299:
3293:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3285:
3280:
3278:Prime Minister
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3203:Shadow Cabinet
3200:
3194:
3188:
3182:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3147:National parks
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3118:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3090:climate change
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3056:
3050:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2966:
2964:British Borneo
2961:
2959:British Malaya
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2935:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2915:
2914:
2907:
2900:
2892:
2884:
2883:
2869:
2851:
2821:
2791:
2765:
2735:
2705:
2670:
2648:
2626:
2593:
2576:
2564:
2553:Chisholm, Hugh
2534:
2523:
2497:
2486:
2464:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2444:
2434:
2424:
2414:
2404:
2394:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2348:
2347:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2320:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2290:
2289:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2262:
2261:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2234:
2233:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2203:
2202:
2199:
2194:
2184:
2170:
2169:
2166:
2161:
2151:
2137:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2107:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2072:
2071:Royal capitals
2069:
2066:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2022:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2010:
2005:
1991:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1960:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1929:
1928:
1925:
1924:Tengku Ampuan
1922:
1917:
1912:
1898:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1867:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1836:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1805:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1774:
1773:
1770:
1765:
1758:
1753:
1739:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1719:
1716:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1641:
1640:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1592:
1591:
1583:
1582:17 April 2000
1580:
1577:
1574:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1543:
1542:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1494:
1493:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1445:
1444:
1441:Yamtuan Besars
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1393:
1392:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1344:
1343:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1328:30 April 1942
1326:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1295:
1294:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:Sultan Ibrahim
1270:
1265:
1260:
1246:
1245:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1226:Sultan Ibrahim
1222:
1217:
1212:
1198:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1163:
1160:
1103:
1100:
1057:Main article:
1054:
1051:
1018:to the north,
1005:Main article:
1002:
999:
983:Main article:
980:
977:
935:Main article:
932:
929:
913:Main article:
910:
907:
904:
903:
900:
895:
892:
888:
887:
884:
881:
878:
867:
864:
861:
860:
857:
854:
851:
847:
846:
843:
837:
831:
827:
826:
823:
817:
811:
807:
806:
803:
800:
794:
790:
789:
786:
783:
780:
745:Main article:
742:
739:
687:Main article:
684:
681:
650:Main article:
647:
644:
597:Main article:
594:
591:
585:, a suburb of
531:
528:
449:
446:
442:Malay language
391:Prime Minister
326:
323:
128:
125:
124:
40:This template
39:
37:
30:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3718:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3662:
3657:
3653:
3650:
3646:
3643:
3639:
3638:
3634:
3624:
3623:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3587:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3518:
3514:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3446:
3443:
3442:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3435:Ethnic groups
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3407:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3395:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3344:States by GDP
3342:
3340:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3294:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3183:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3127:Hill stations
3125:
3123:
3120:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3105:deforestation
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3087:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3080:East Malaysia
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3057:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3045:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2978:Malayan Union
2976:
2974:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2954:Dutch Malacca
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2913:
2908:
2906:
2901:
2899:
2894:
2893:
2890:
2879:
2873:
2865:
2861:
2855:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2825:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2795:
2779:
2775:
2769:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2739:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2709:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2674:
2658:
2652:
2636:
2630:
2614:
2610:
2609:
2604:
2597:
2590:
2586:
2580:
2573:
2568:
2560:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2538:
2532:
2527:
2511:
2510:The Economist
2507:
2501:
2495:
2490:
2474:
2468:
2462:
2457:
2453:
2442:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2391:Sultan Ismail
2388:
2385:
2384:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2350:
2349:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2322:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2292:
2291:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2279:Kuala Kangsar
2277:
2275:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2230:Yamtuan Besar
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2205:
2204:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2191:Kubang Kerian
2188:
2185:
2183:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2139:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2102:State capital
2101:
2099:Royal capital
2098:
2095:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2084:
2082:
2081:Bandar diraja
2078:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2035:
2023:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1884:Yamtuan Besar
1882:
1880:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1838:
1837:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1776:
1775:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1763:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1741:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1688:(eldest son)
1685:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1643:
1642:
1639:(eldest son)
1636:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1594:
1593:
1590:(eldest son)
1587:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1545:
1544:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1523:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1496:
1495:
1492:(eldest son)
1489:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1478:30 July 1959
1477:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1422:
1421:Tuanku Muhriz
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1395:
1394:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1346:
1345:
1342:(eldest son)
1339:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1324:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1297:
1296:
1293:(eldest son)
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1275:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1200:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1159:
1156:
1151:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1134:
1132:
1131:Tuanku Jaafar
1128:
1124:
1120:
1119:Yamtuan Besar
1115:
1113:
1109:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1063:The state of
1060:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1022:to the east,
1021:
1017:
1012:
1008:
998:
996:
995:Kuala Kangsar
992:
986:
976:
974:
969:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
938:
928:
926:
921:
916:
901:
899:
896:
893:
890:
889:
885:
882:
879:
876:
875:
872:
858:
855:
852:
849:
848:
844:
842:
838:
836:
832:
829:
828:
824:
822:
818:
816:
812:
809:
808:
804:
801:
799:
795:
793:Sungai Ujong
792:
791:
787:
784:
781:
778:
777:
774:
772:
768:
764:
760:
759:
758:Adat perpatih
754:
748:
738:
736:
731:
729:
725:
721:
717:
712:
710:
706:
705:
700:
696:
690:
689:Yamtuan Besar
680:
678:
673:
671:
667:
663:
659:
653:
643:
641:
640:Kubang Kerian
637:
632:
630:
626:
622:
621:Long Muhammad
618:
614:
610:
606:
600:
590:
588:
584:
579:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
548:
541:
537:
536:Kedah Kingdom
527:
523:
521:
517:
516:British Crown
513:
512:Malayan Union
509:
505:
500:
498:
494:
490:
485:
481:
475:
472:
467:
463:
459:
455:
445:
443:
439:
435:
430:
429:
423:
418:
416:
411:
410:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
351:head of state
348:
343:
341:
337:
336:Menteri Besar
332:
322:
320:
319:head of state
316:
312:
308:
304:
299:
297:
296:
291:
290:
285:
284:
279:
275:
272:. One state,
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
218:
216:
213:
209:
205:
201:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
136:
132:
121:
118:
110:
99:
96:
92:
89:
85:
82:
78:
75:
71:
68: –
67:
63:
62:Find sources:
56:
52:
46:
45:
38:
34:
29:
28:
19:
3656:Bibliography
3622:Rukun Negara
3620:
3530:Architecture
3482:Prostitution
3425:Demographics
3319:Central bank
3262:
3233:Human rights
3208:Constitution
3095:conservation
3033:1MDB scandal
2872:
2863:
2854:
2842:. Retrieved
2838:the original
2833:
2824:
2812:. Retrieved
2808:the original
2803:
2794:
2782:. Retrieved
2778:the original
2768:
2756:. Retrieved
2752:the original
2738:
2726:. Retrieved
2722:the original
2708:
2696:. Retrieved
2692:the original
2683:
2673:
2661:. Retrieved
2651:
2639:. Retrieved
2629:
2617:. Retrieved
2613:the original
2606:
2596:
2588:
2579:
2571:
2567:
2556:
2537:
2526:
2514:. Retrieved
2509:
2500:
2489:
2477:. Retrieved
2467:
2456:
2439:(dowager of
2429:(dowager of
2419:(dowager of
2409:(dowager of
2399:(dowager of
2389:(dowager of
2220:Seri Menanti
2105:Ruler title
2088:Kuala Lumpur
2085:
2080:
2074:
1767:
1760:
1713:
1698:
1680:15 May 1998
1667:
1618:
1576:17 May 1943
1569:
1533:29 May 2014
1520:
1471:
1419:
1370:
1321:
1272:
1224:
1190:Reigns since
1152:
1135:
1127:Tunku Muhriz
1123:Undang Empat
1122:
1116:
1105:
1089:
1085:Pulau Redang
1062:
1040:
1032:Kuala Lumpur
1013:
1010:
988:
970:
940:
922:
918:
894:Tunku Besar
886:Reign since
869:
788:Reign since
770:
766:
762:
756:
750:
735:Seri Menanti
732:
716:Raja Melewar
713:
702:
698:
692:
674:
655:
633:
602:
580:
545:
543:
524:
504:World War II
501:
493:Kuala Lumpur
483:
476:
451:
434:constitution
419:
395:Dewan Rakyat
363:state visits
344:
328:
300:
293:
287:
281:
220:Nine of the
219:
199:
197:
156:Kuala Lumpur
152:Royal Museum
140:coat of arms
131:
113:
107:January 2024
104:
94:
87:
80:
73:
61:
49:Please help
44:verification
41:
18:Malay States
3309:Agriculture
3167:Earthquakes
3085:Environment
2944:Prehistoric
2784:15 December
2129:Johor Bahru
2048:Permaisuri
1800:Permaisuri
1701:by courtesy
1537:Raja Jaafar
1177:Succession
798:Klana Petra
753:matrilineal
724:Minangkabau
677:Johor Bahru
399:lower house
212:Westminster
148:Jawi script
3685:Categories
3550:Literature
3445:Healthcare
3420:Corruption
3338:(currency)
3268:Parliament
3263:Monarchies
3238:Censorship
3223:Government
2688:Malay Mail
2479:2 December
2448:References
2360:Terengganu
2197:Kota Bharu
2187:Kota Bharu
2164:Alor Setar
2158:Anak Bukit
2154:Alor Setar
2034:Terengganu
1653:Terengganu
1180:Incumbent
1143:Azlan Shah
1102:Succession
1065:Terengganu
1053:Terengganu
695:federalism
666:Temenggong
636:Kota Bharu
627:under the
617:Terengganu
587:Alor Setar
583:Anak Bukit
462:Langkasuka
403:Parliament
381:) and the
262:Terengganu
168:Terengganu
77:newspapers
3497:Squatting
3462:Languages
3430:Education
3374:Transport
3243:Judiciary
3213:Elections
3172:Volcanoes
3142:Mountains
3075:Divisions
3070:Districts
3048:Geography
2663:27 August
2641:27 August
2342:Shah Alam
2061:Sultanah
1862:Sultanah
1831:Sultanah
1036:Putrajaya
605:Majapahit
480:residents
438:Bumiputra
3665:Category
3545:Folklore
3487:Religion
3410:Abortion
3336:Ringgit
3258:Military
3186:Politics
3110:wildlife
2939:Timeline
2923:articles
2919:Malaysia
2516:10 April
2332:Selangor
2225:Seremban
2182:Kelantan
2003:Selangor
1848:Kelantan
1751:Malaysia
1731:Consort
1728:Monarch
1695:Consorts
1604:Selangor
1356:Kelantan
1210:Malaysia
1174:Monarch
1069:Kelantan
1001:Selangor
638:, while
593:Kelantan
556:Gameroon
484:de facto
276:, is an
258:Selangor
242:Kelantan
208:Malaysia
180:Selangor
164:Kelantan
3642:Outline
3589:Symbols
3540:Cuisine
3517:Culture
3477:Poverty
3398:Society
3369:Tourism
3297:Economy
3198:Cabinet
3132:Islands
3060:Borders
2931:History
2555:(ed.).
2374:Sultan
2346:Sultan
2288:Sultan
2260:Sultan
2256:Kuantan
2201:Sultan
2168:Sultan
1737:Tenure
1437:Undangs
962:Pattani
954:Siamese
925:Kuantan
891:Tampin
850:Rembau
810:Jelebu
625:British
609:Malacca
471:Siamese
448:History
401:of the
379:Sarawak
371:Malacca
357:of the
230:Muslims
91:scholar
3670:Portal
3616:Flower
3606:Emblem
3601:Anthem
3596:Animal
3535:Cinema
3440:Health
3379:Unions
3326:Energy
3162:States
3157:Rivers
3115:plants
2973:Borneo
2921:
2866:, 1967
2844:5 June
2814:5 June
2758:5 June
2728:5 June
2698:5 June
2619:7 June
2357:
2329:
2312:Kangar
2302:Perlis
2299:
2271:
2246:Pahang
2243:
2212:
2179:
2146:
2134:Sultan
2116:
2096:States
2039:Sultan
2031:
2008:Sultan
2000:
1972:Perlis
1969:
1946:Sultan
1938:
1915:Sultan
1910:Pahang
1907:
1876:
1853:Sultan
1845:
1822:Sultan
1814:
1791:Sultan
1783:
1748:
1734:Title
1725:State
1658:Sultan
1650:
1609:Sultan
1601:
1555:Perlis
1552:
1511:Sultan
1503:
1462:Sultan
1457:Pahang
1454:
1402:
1361:Sultan
1353:
1312:Sultan
1304:
1263:Sultan
1255:
1207:
1073:Pahang
1020:Pahang
931:Perlis
909:Pahang
883:Ruler
880:Title
866:Tampin
839:Dato'
833:Dato'
830:Johol
819:Datuk
813:Dato'
796:Dato'
782:Title
747:Undang
704:undang
562:. The
560:Persia
550:, the
502:After
397:, the
387:regent
367:Penang
283:Sultan
254:Pahang
250:Perlis
222:states
192:Perlis
176:Pahang
144:states
93:
86:
79:
72:
64:
3649:Index
3580:Sport
3570:Names
3565:Music
3560:Media
3507:Women
3415:Crime
3314:Banks
3137:Lakes
2551:. In
2337:Klang
2274:Perak
2251:Pekan
2149:Kedah
2119:Johor
2077:Malay
1941:Perak
1817:Kedah
1786:Johor
1506:Perak
1307:Kedah
1258:Johor
1183:Born
1170:State
1047:Klang
1016:Perak
991:Perak
979:Perak
958:Ligor
902:2005
859:1999
845:2017
825:2019
805:1993
646:Johor
572:Islam
568:Hindu
530:Kedah
458:Hindu
375:Sabah
331:Islam
325:Roles
307:Malay
266:Perak
264:. In
246:Johor
238:Kedah
226:Malay
188:Johor
172:Perak
160:Kedah
98:JSTOR
84:books
3611:Flag
3467:LGBT
3228:King
2846:2011
2816:2011
2786:2011
2760:2011
2730:2011
2700:2011
2665:2018
2643:2018
2621:2011
2518:2019
2481:2013
2317:Raja
2307:Arau
2284:Ipoh
2124:Muar
1977:Raja
1560:Raja
1186:Age
1153:The
1034:and
989:The
973:Arau
966:Arab
946:Arau
699:luak
615:and
613:Siam
538:and
377:and
345:The
289:Raja
260:and
198:The
190:and
70:news
3525:Art
3248:Law
1094:in
1045:in
53:by
3687::
2971:/
2862:,
2832:.
2802:.
2746:.
2716:.
2686:.
2682:.
2605:.
2587:.
2508:.
2090:.
2079::
1443:.
1098:.
1049:.
997:.
975:.
927:.
737:.
679:.
631:.
619:,
611:,
607:,
589:.
558:,
499:.
373:,
369:,
309::
298:.
256:,
252:,
248:,
244:,
240:,
236::
186:,
182:,
178:,
174:,
170:,
166:,
162:,
154:,
2911:e
2904:t
2897:v
2880:.
2848:.
2818:.
2788:.
2762:.
2732:.
2702:.
2667:.
2645:.
2623:.
2520:.
2483:.
2443:)
2433:)
2423:)
2413:)
2403:)
2393:)
2193:)
2189:(
2160:)
2156:(
478:"
305:(
194:.
120:)
114:(
109:)
105:(
95:·
88:·
81:·
74:·
47:.
20:)
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