163:
359:
Syllables are commonly CV; some are CVC. Epenthetic vowels are often inserted between series of two consonants, and echo vowels are often added to the end of phonological phrases.
1327:
561:
Makalero does not have a definitive noun/verb distinction. Nearly all content words can be heads of NPs as well as predicates. In the following examples,
1320:
1154:
248:
Makalero has five vowel phonemes. Most long vowels occur in predictable contexts; thus Huber argues long vowels are marginal phonemes at best.
1313:
1634:
1147:
706:
Makalero has only avalent verbs and divalent verbs. There are no trivalent verbs; instead, biclausal constructions are used.
1468:
1336:
533:
77:
40:
Timor Island, eastern end around Baucau and inland, west of
Fataluku, from northern to southern coast in a dialect chain.
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1573:
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1233:
1198:
1097:
1068:
378:
232:, but is nowadays seen as a separate language, both by its speakers and linguists.
229:
217:
1305:
1092:
Huber, Juliette (2017). "5. Makalero and
Makasae". In Schapper, Antoinette (ed.).
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1505:
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1223:
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Content words must be bimoraic, unlike function words, which may be monomoraic.
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1548:
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1410:
1392:
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1096:. Pacific Linguistics 655. Vol. 2. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 267–351.
267:
191:
178:
1453:
1051:
LNK1:linker 1 RED:reduced NSIT:new situation RDL:reduplicant BD:bound form
441:
1132:
137:
279:
262:
252:
740:
Divalent verbs allow for a subject and either an object or complement.
337:
272:
225:
30:
1073:
449:
308:
146:
130:
407:
167:
Distribution of
Makalero mother-tongue speakers in East Timor
162:
116:
1065:
A grammar of
Makalero - A Papuan language of East Timor
1067:(Doctoral thesis). Utrecht: LOT (Leiden University).
553:
All information in this section is from Huber 2011.
1335:
228:. It was previously considered to be a dialect of
1626:
240:The data in this section are from Huber (2017).
1094:The Papuan Languages of Timor, Alor and Pantar
816:
769:
759:
709:The avalent verbs are adverbial verbs such as
573:
1321:
1148:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1162:
691:
367:Makalero has 11 native consonant phonemes.
1328:
1314:
1155:
1141:
1017:
1015:
1013:
687:3:POSS-ill=DEF NSIT 3:UND-on.top:RED-go.up
161:
1072:
1026:
638:
598:
577:
1010:
1627:
1309:
1136:
1091:
1062:
1041:
1021:
652:
588:
556:
662:
634:
837:
13:
841:
14:
1651:
1120:
666:
565:can be a predicate or a nominal.
532:
510:
488:
481:
461:
454:
440:
433:
426:
419:
412:
827:
642:
1337:West Trans–New Guinea languages
670:
625:'my belly did not hurt anymore'
1:
1055:
362:
16:Papuan language of East Timor
857:1S take=LNK1 RDL-good-see:BD
235:
7:
864:
10:
1656:
800:In the following example,
743:In the following example,
701:
622:1S:POSS-belly NSIT NEG ill
548:
1602:
1514:
1476:
1467:
1439:
1401:
1343:
1282:
1191:
1170:
1102:10.1515/9781614519027-005
690:'His illness got worse' (
619:asi-atupusi hai nomo isit
243:
172:
160:
144:
128:
123:
107:
102:
54:
44:
36:
26:
21:
1635:Oirata–Makasai languages
1063:Huber, Juliette (2011).
1003:
684:Ki-isit=ee hai k-ua-misa
1640:Languages of East Timor
1164:Languages of East Timor
1129:at The Language Archive
854:Ani mei=ni rau-rau-kena
860:'I see it very well'
808:is the complement.
804:is the subject and
747:is the subject and
729:'for a long time,'
717:'a long time ago,'
372:
371:Consonant phonemes
256:
188: /
109:Recognised minority
1192:National languages
1171:Official languages
733:'last night,' and
557:Lexical Categories
370:
251:
1622:
1621:
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1617:
1469:Timor–Alor–Pantar
1353:Grand Valley Dani
1303:
1302:
1283:Working languages
1001:
1000:
546:
545:
357:
356:
207:
206:
192:8.650°S 126.500°E
78:Timor–Alor–Pantar
50:8,000 (2017)
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1316:
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1019:
909:ruu resi lolitu
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111:language in
66:Trans–New Guinea
60:
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923:ruu resi faata
895:ruu resi loloi
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831:
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798:
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751:is the object.
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694:went up on top)
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218:Papuan language
197:-8.650; 126.500
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103:Official status
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1121:External links
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173:Coordinates:
171:
164:
159:
155:
151:
149:
148:
143:
139:
135:
132:
127:
122:
118:
114:
106:
101:
89:
86:
85:
84:
83:Eastern Timor
81:
80:
79:
76:
75:
73:
72:West Bomberai
70:
69:
67:
63:
59:
53:
49:
43:
39:
35:
32:
29:
25:
20:
1403:Paniai Lakes
1388:Western Dani
1093:
1064:
1050:
1042:Huber (2011)
1022:Huber (2017)
881:ruu resi nu
859:
856:
853:
849:
847:
836:
834:rau-rau-kena
833:
825:
822:
815:
812:
805:
801:
799:
796:'He beat me'
795:
792:
789:
785:
783:
778:
775:
768:
765:
758:
755:
748:
744:
742:
739:
734:
730:
726:
725:'tomorrow,'
722:
718:
714:
710:
708:
705:
697:
689:
686:
683:
679:
677:
661:
658:
651:
648:
633:
630:
624:
621:
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607:
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584:
572:
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562:
560:
552:
366:
358:
247:
239:
224:district of
213:
209:
208:
145:
87:
1516:Alor–Pantar
570:asi-atupusi
253:Monophthong
195: /
1629:Categories
1478:East Timor
1295:Indonesian
1178:Portuguese
1074:1887/17684
1056:References
840:-good-see:
793:3S 1S beat
631:Ki-isit=ee
363:Consonants
226:East Timor
117:East Timor
31:East Timor
1239:Kawaimina
737:'maybe.'
713:'first,'
659:k-ua-misa
450:Fricative
255:phonemes
236:Phonology
147:Glottolog
131:ISO 639-3
1584:Nedebang
1491:Makalero
1486:Fataluku
1269:Tokodede
1249:Makalero
1219:Fataluku
865:Numerals
669:-on.top:
391:alveolar
384:Alveolar
210:Makalero
183:126°30′E
154:makl1245
88:Makalero
68: ?
22:Makalero
1574:Wersing
1496:Makasae
1290:English
1254:Makasae
1234:Idalaka
1204:Baikeno
1127:Makasai
993:ruru-u
903:lolitu
806:rau-rau
723:kamunei
721:'now,'
711:atanana
702:Valency
549:Grammar
526:Lateral
408:Plosive
401:Glottal
268:Central
230:Makasae
214:Maklere
74: ?
1603:Others
1569:Sawila
1544:Kamang
1534:Blagar
1506:Rusenu
1501:Oirata
1431:Wolani
1373:Silimo
1264:Mambai
1259:Makuva
1224:Galoli
1209:Bekais
1199:Atauru
1108:
1081:
945:douhu
917:faata
889:loloi
850:
823:mei=ni
786:
731:raine’
715:hana’e
680:
673:-go.up
615:
580:-belly
379:Labial
244:Vowels
222:Lautém
180:8°39′S
37:Region
1610:Bunak
1589:Teiwa
1579:Kaera
1564:Retta
1539:Kafoa
1529:Adang
1459:Karas
1449:Baham
1421:Ekari
1378:Walak
1368:Nggem
1363:Nduga
1358:Hupla
1274:Hakka
1244:Kemak
1229:Habun
1214:Bunak
1183:Tetum
1004:Notes
981:siwa
957:fitu
931:lima
826:take=
756:Kiloo
745:Kiloo
735:tone’
727:mu’it
719:aire’
641:-ill=
504:Trill
477:Nasal
396:Velar
389:Post-
280:Close
263:Front
216:is a
1559:Kula
1549:Klon
1524:Abui
1426:Moni
1411:Auye
1393:Yali
1383:Wano
1345:Dani
1106:ISBN
1079:ISBN
969:afo
875:unu
828:LNK1
779:beat
776:pase
692:lit.
653:NSIT
639:POSS
605:isit
595:nomo
589:NSIT
578:POSS
563:isit
338:Open
273:Back
1554:Kui
1454:Iha
1416:Dao
1098:doi
1069:hdl
990:10
934:15
920:14
906:13
892:12
878:11
838:RDL
813:Ani
802:ani
766:ani
749:ani
671:RED
667:UND
649:hai
643:DEF
608:ill
599:NEG
585:hai
309:Mid
212:or
138:mjb
1631::
1104:.
1077:.
1028:^
1012:^
978:9
966:8
954:7
942:6
928:5
914:4
900:3
886:2
872:1
842:BD
817:1S
770:1S
760:3S
574:1S
428:dĚ
351:)
349:a:
332:)
330:o:
320:)
318:e:
303:)
301:u:
291:)
289:i:
1329:e
1322:t
1315:v
1156:e
1149:t
1142:v
1114:.
1100::
1087:.
1071::
665::
663:3
637::
635:3
576::
534:l
512:r
490:n
483:m
463:s
456:f
442:Ę”
435:k
421:t
414:p
347:(
345:a
328:(
326:o
316:(
314:e
299:(
297:u
287:(
285:i
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