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The ears either have (1) a hole in the center or (2) an ovaloid shape with an extended curl. In the former style, the upper outer ear is formed into an ovaloid shaped with a hole in the center while the lower outer ear is formed by a lobe. On the other hand, the latter style explains the formation of
264:
Even though the burial jars are similar to that of the pottery found in
Kulaman Plateau, Southern Mindanao and many more excavation sites here in the Philippines, what makes the Maitum jars uniquely different is how the anthropomorphic features depict “specific dead persons whose remains they guard”.
243:
Altogether, a total of 29 burial jars and approximately 33 baskets or about 4 cubic meters of archaeological material have been collected. Most of them are now in the possession and care of the
National Museum while some are on display at the second level of Maitum Municipal Hall in an exhibit called
376:
The obtained measurements of Maitum jars without its anthropomorphic lid has the height of 43.5 cm, widest diameter of 36 cm, widest mouth diameter of 30 cm and a thickness of 0.7 cm. The shape was more of the torso of a male body. From the shoulder to the elbow, the arms measure
342:
The mouth is generally distinguished by how many teeth are showing. Some mouth hold (1) two rows of incised teeth, (2) one row of incised teeth, (3) two rows of teeth and tongue, (4) row of teeth with holes on each base, or (5) one row of teeth with a hole in the middle of each tooth. To several who
235:
during the 70's resulted in irreversible casualties in this historical site. It threatened future discoveries and prevented preservation. No complete Maitum jar in the form of a female has survived, but there are still evidence of its existence such as the many pottery shards of female breasts. This
188:
The information about “potteries bearing human forms encountered while treasure hunting for
Pacific War treasures” was shared through a phone call, on June 3, 1991, between a consulting geologist named Michael Spadafora and an archaeologist named Eusebio Dizon. Three days after, the archaeologist
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These feature were either applied or molded, and may be classified into male or female breasts with other qualities that may give hints on the age of the dead. To differentiate, male breasts are usually molded marked by a light curve topped with a nipple. On the other hand, several of the female
268:
So far, there have been four classified kinds of cover and lid: (1) Anthropomorphic motif or head, (2) Trunconical with simple appliquéd design, (3) Simple ovaloid with four ear handles, and (4) Trunconical with adz shape and round spinning shape motif. While there are three types of heads: (1)
300:
The heads of the anthropomorphic covers portray different facial expressions and emotions, ranging from happiness and contentment to sadness and grief. Other heads also display full sets of teeth; others appear to be toothless (way by which the chin and lips recede).
219:
of Pinol, Maitum (formerly a part of South
Cotobato Province), Sarangani. The first phase of the excavation ended in December 1991, the second was from April 8 to May 3, 1992, and the third and final phase was from January 17 to February 15, 1995.
304:
The method of shaping the head is rather similar from the standard potting technique of creating a round pot with a high or long neck. The presence of paint may be an indication of status, while the size of the heads is an indication of age.
313:
Since the eyes are believed to be expressive, the eyes portrayed in Maitum jars are given high regard in describing the dead. The eyes are classified to four major shapes: (1) almond, (2) ovaloid, (3) round and (4) rectangular.
139:; characterized by a design that suggests human figures with complete or partial facial features of the first inhabitants of Mindanao. Furthermore, they give emphasis to the Filipinos’ popular belief of life after death.
317:
There is also a variation between the eyelids of different individuals. Some are incised, appliquéd, protruding and flat. In addition, some eyes are ringed with black hematite paints.
150:
from
Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Laos, Cambodia, Burma and Indonesia gained interest on this initial find and a number of archaeological – either government or privately sponsored –
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146:, head of the archaeological team, this type of burial jars are "remarkably unique and intriguing" because they have not been found elsewhere in Southeast Asia. Thus, many
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12 cm and, consequently, 17 cm from the elbow to the fingers. Along with its cover, the burial jar is noted to have a total height of 70 cm.
189:
received photographs of exceptional artifacts collected by local residents. The artifacts have high probability of significance not only to the history of
157:
These jars have characteristics that belong to the
Developed Metal Age Period in the Philippines . According to the laboratory results determined through
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The Maitum
Archaeological Project of the National Museum team formally started on November 6, 1991. Ayub Cave, now referred to as Pinol Cave, is a
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the upper outer ear into an ovaloid shape with an extended curl going inside and the lower outer part consisting of the earlobe.
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Introduction. Fire in the hearth: Overview of prehistoric
Philippine pottery with reference to burial jars
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samples taken from the walls of a small earthenware vessel found inside one of the larger burial jars.
108:
614:
284:. All of these features represent and reflect the Maitum potters’ creativity and thinking abilities.
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as "The
Treasures of Maitum". And because of its significance the Pinol Cave was declared by the
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and organic material. The black paint may indicate where the hair of the dead has once been.
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The base of the nose are either (1) triangular, (2) concave, (3) beaklike or (4) bulbous.
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formation located approximately 1,000 meters due south of the
Mindanao shoreline with an
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403:. Manila: National Museum of the Philippines. pp. xi–xii, 51–53, 56–59, 73, 78–82.
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breasts have no nipples distinguished by a shallow protrusion, and slightly sloping.
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165:. Two conventional dates were 1830 +/-60 B.P. and 1920 +/- 50 B.P. . Experts used
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355:. These human-like forms were associated with metal implements like
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have no teeth, the feature is only a gaping hole with a tongue.
197:. That's why when they found a fund sponsor for Dizon's trip to
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436:. Manila: National Museum of the Philippines. pp. 1, 14.
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Faces from Maitum: The archaeological excavation of Ayub Cave
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Plain, (2) Perforated, and (3) Painted red and black from
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The most common type of arms and hands are appliquéd and
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is an indication of equality in terms of the practice of
416:"Maitum jar: The other casualty of the war in Mindanao"
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Collection of the National Museum of the Philippines
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as an “Important Cultural Property” on May 5, 2009.
131:' archaeological team in Ayub Cave, Barangay Pinol,
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184:of the positions of the burial jars in Ayub Cave
154:have been conducted to recover these artifacts.
161:, these secondary burial jars date back to the
260:Detail on a jar cover molded into a human head
737:Archaeological discoveries in the Philippines
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26:
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562:El asesinato del Gobernador Bustamante
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135:, Mindanao, Philippines. The jars are
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449:"The treasures of Maitum, Sarangani"
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296:A burial jar with a red-painted face
233:Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF)
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525:National Museum of Natural History
495:National Museum of the Philippines
246:National Museum of the Philippines
129:National Museum of the Philippines
127:vessels discovered in 1991 by the
118:Maitum anthropomorphic burial jars
99:National Museum of the Philippines
21:Maitum anthropomorphic burial jars
14:
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422:
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32:A complete burial jar from Maitum
215:of 6 meters. The site is on the
742:1991 archaeological discoveries
515:National Museum of Anthropology
447:Pineda, S. (October 14, 2012).
414:Espejo, E. (November 4, 2008).
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229:Armed Forces of the Philippines
605:Maitum anthropomorphic pottery
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1:
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280:and shell scoops, spoons and
276:Some jars are decorated with
520:National Museum of Fine Arts
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539:(Region 6 satellite office)
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133:Maitum, Sarangani Province
81:Maitum, Sarangani Province
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615:Philippine jade artifacts
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252:Physical characteristics
537:Old Jaro Municipal Hall
510:National Museum Complex
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59:36 cm (14 in)
51:70 cm (28 in)
671:Alfredo E. Evangelista
620:Philippine shell tools
432:Gatbonton, E. (n.d.).
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455:on December 11, 2015.
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195:Philippine prehistory
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727:History of Sarangani
717:Culture of Sarangani
530:National Planetarium
676:Robert Bradford Fox
223:Unfortunately, the
686:Eduardo Quisumbing
666:Gemma Cruz-Araneta
399:Dizon, E. (1996).
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159:radiocarbon dating
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630:Tabon stone tools
625:San Diego galleon
583:The Parisian Life
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696:Jesus T. Peralta
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451:. Archived from
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125:secondary burial
95:Present location
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722:Ancient pottery
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148:archaeologists
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144:Eusebio Dizon
142:According to
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593:Anthropology
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569:La Bulaqueña
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453:the original
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372:Measurements
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227:between the
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217:coastal area
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691:Galo Ocampo
547:Collections
278:glass beads
238:jar burials
191:Maguindanao
152:excavations
122:earthenware
89:Philippines
79:Ayub Cave,
42:Earthenware
711:Categories
576:Spoliarium
381:References
74:Discovered
554:Fine arts
357:bracelets
213:elevation
209:limestone
173:Discovery
163:Metal Age
282:pendants
271:hematite
231:and the
225:conflict
199:Mindanao
109:Filipino
85:Mindanao
68:Iron Age
38:Material
363:Breasts
206:Miocene
182:Diorama
105:Culture
64:Created
659:People
646:Lolong
353:molded
48:Height
503:Sites
338:Mouth
288:Heads
56:Width
330:Nose
321:Ears
309:Eyes
167:soot
120:are
116:The
77:1991
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424:^
389:^
359:.
240:.
87:,
83:,
486:e
479:t
472:v
418:.
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