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watertight baskets for cooking, they made large storage baskets, bowls, shallow trays, traps, cradles, hats, and seed beaters. They used dozens of different kinds of wild plant stems, barks, roots and leaves. Some of the more common were fern roots, red bark of the redbud, white willow twigs and tule roots, hazel twigs, yucca leaves, brown marsh grassroots, and sedge roots. By combining these different kinds of plants, the women made geometric designs on their baskets in red, black, white, brown or tan.
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have been found here. Scholars are uncertain about whether these date from previous indigenous populations of peoples or were created by the Maidu people. The Maidu incorporated these works into their cultural system, and believe that such artifacts are real, living energies that are an integral part
272:
The Maidu women were exemplary basketweavers, weaving highly detailed and useful baskets in sizes ranging from thimbles to huge ones 10 or more feet in diameter. The weaving on some of these baskets is so fine that a magnifying glass is needed to see the strands. In addition to making closely woven,
356:
Especially higher in the hills and the mountains, the Maidu built their dwellings partially underground, to gain protection from the cold. These houses were sizable, circular structures 12 to 18 feet in diameter, with floors, dug as much as 3 feet below ground level. Once the floor of the house was
381:
The primary religious tradition was known as the Kuksu cult. This central
California religious system was based on a male secret society. It was characterized by the Kuksu or "big head" dances. Maidu elder Marie Mason Potts says that the Maidu are traditionally a monotheistic people: "they greeted
323:
Preparing acorns as the food was a long and tedious process that was undertaken by the women and children. The acorns had to be shelled, cleaned, and then ground into meal. This was done by pounding them with a pestle on a hard surface, generally a hollowed-out stone. The tannic acid in the acorns
347:
or tubers (for which they were nicknamed "Digger
Indians" by European immigrants), and other plants and tubers. The women and children also collected seeds from the many flowering plants, and corms from wildflowers also were gathered and processed as part of their diet. The men hunted deer, elk,
276:
Maidu elder Marie Potts explains, "The coiled and twining systems were both used, and the products were sometimes handsomely decorated according to the inventiveness and skill of the weaver and the materials available, such as feathers of brightly plumaged birds, shells, quills, seeds or beads-
360:
For summer dwelling, a different structure was built from cut branches tied together and fastened to sapling posts, then covered with brush and soil. The summer shelters were built with the principal opening facing east to catch the rising sun, and to avoid the heat of afternoon sun.
324:
was leached out by spreading the meal smoothly on a bed of pine needles laid over sand. Cedar or fir boughs were placed across the meal and warm water was poured all over, a process that took several hours, with the boughs distributing the water evenly and flavoring the meal.
357:
dug, a pole framework was built. It was covered by pinebark slabs. A sturdy layer of earth was placed along the base of the structure. A central fire was prepared in the house at ground level. It had a stone-lined pit and bedrock mortar to hold heat for food preparation.
348:
antelope, and smaller game, within a spiritual system that respected the animals. The men captured fish from the many streams and rivers, as they were a prime source of protein. Salmon were collected when they came upstream to spawn; other fish were available year-round.
439:
family. While all Maidu spoke a form of this language, the grammar, syntax, and vocabulary differed sufficiently that Maidu separated by large distances or by geographic features that discouraged travel might speak dialects that were nearly mutually unintelligible.
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Kroeber reported the population of the Maidu in 1910 as 1,100. The 1930 census counted 93, following decimation by infectious diseases and social disruption. As of 1995, the Maidu population had recovered to an estimated 3,500.
157:
The Maidu people are geographically dispersed into many subgroups or bands who live among and identify with separate valleys, foothills, and mountains in northeastern
Central California. The three subcategories of Maidu are:
1020:
386:
and gave thanks for blessings throughout the day." A traditional spring celebration for the Maidu was the Bear Dance when the Maidu honored the bear coming out of hibernation. The bear's
640:
1152:
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cult. They did not exercise day-to-day authority, but were primarily responsible for settling internal disputes and negotiating over matters arising between villages.
526:
1518:
1130:
369:
Maidu lived in small villages or bands with no centralized political organization. Leaders were typically selected from the pool of men who headed the local
643:, was not ratified by the U.S. Senate and was placed under seal, but the lands in question were considered to be a cession to the U.S. Federal government.
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405:. Missionaries later forced the peoples to adopt Christianity, but they often retained elements of their traditional practices.
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and survival through the winter symbolized perseverance to the Maidu, who identified with the animal spiritually.
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the sunrise with a prayer of thankfulness; at noon they stopped for meditation, and at sunset, they communed with
244:
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The four principal divisions of the language were
Northeastern Maidu or Yamonee Maidu (known simply as
171:
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The Maidu used the abundance of acorns to store large quantities for harder times. Above-ground acorn
1437:
663:
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600:
548:
185:, also known as Yamani Maidu, lived on the upper north and middle forks of the Feather River.
715:
737:"1851-1852 - Eighteen Unratified Treaties between California Indians and the United States"
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122:
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846:
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8:
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The Maidu inhabited areas in the northeastern Sierra Nevada. Many examples of indigenous
236:
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estimated the 1770 population of the Maidu (including the Konkow and
Nisenan) as 9,000.
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Native
Americans: Southwest - California - Northwest Coast - Great Basin - Plateau
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Jacob A. Meders (Mechoopda-Konkow), painter, printmaker, installation artist
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Strawberry Valley Band of Pakan'yani Maidu (aka
Strawberry Valley Rancheria)
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treaty the commissioners negotiated, designated treaty G in the linked list
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The Maidu spoke a language that some linguists believe was related to the
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712:"ACTION: Native American human remains and associated funerary objects"
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200:, along the north fork of the Feather River and its tributaries. The
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The
Conflict between the California Indian and White Civilization
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310:
163:
1085:. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin No. 78. Washington, D.C.
1021:"Native communities at the heart of 'Boardz and Arrowz' exhibit"
301:
as a primary tool for this purpose. They tended local groves of
1477:
1426:
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1363:
982:
852:. Happy Camp, California: Naturegraph Publishers Inc. pp.
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Colfax-Todds Valley
Consolidated Tribe of the Colfax Rancheria
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A Native
American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples
1090:
Languages, Territories, and Names of California Indian Tribes
306:
293:
Like many other California tribes, the Maidu were primarily
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34:
Maidu coiled basket by Mary Kea'a'ala Azbill, circa 1900
527:
United Auburn Indian Community of the Auburn Rancheria
501:
Greenville Rancheria of Maidu Indians of California
496:
Enterprise Rancheria of Maidu Indians of California
297:and did not farm. They practiced grooming of their
845:
579:Wallace Clark (Koyom'kawi yepom), traditional arts
511:Mooretown Rancheria of Maidu Indians of California
937:Great Basin Rock Art: Archaeological Perspectives
922:The Maidu Indian Myths and Stories of HƔnc'ibyjim
689:. Buffalo, New York: Firefly Books. p. 198.
289:A mortar ground into the solid rock near a stream
1500:
393:The Kuksu cult system was also followed by the
343:, the Maidu supplemented their acorn diet with
245:populations of most native groups in California
940:. University of Nevada Press. pp. 38ā43.
687:Encyclopedia of Native Tribes of North America
556:Tsi Akim Maidu Tribe of Taylorsville Rancheria
1146:
16:Native American people of northern California
1519:History of the Sierra Nevada (United States)
664:"California Indians and their Reservations."
413:Stories of K'odojapem/World-maker and Wepam/
267:
1092:. University of California Press, Berkeley.
1076:. University of California Press, Berkeley.
532:
1153:
1139:
518:, Shingle Springs Rancheria (Verona Tract)
235:is center front; around August 1, 1851 at
188:The Konkow (Koyom'kawi/Concow) occupied a
28:
1126:; Original Image at George Eastman House.
760:
758:
506:Mechoopda Indian Tribe of Chico Rancheria
408:
277:almost anything that could be attached."
1544:History of Sacramento County, California
876:
714:. thefederalregister.com. Archived from
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222:
143:
1534:History of El Dorado County, California
1116:Maidu Headmen with Treaty Commissioners
933:
709:
684:
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335:Besides acorns, which provided dietary
255:raised this figure slightly, to 9,500.
229:Maidu Headmen with Treaty Commissioners
1501:
1124:Maidu Indians and Treaty Commissioners
755:
616:(Mountain Maidu), journalist, activist
491:Berry Creek Rancheria of Maidu Indians
364:
319:According to Maidu elder Marie Potts:
1134:
1082:Handbook of the Indians of California
843:
839:
837:
835:
833:
831:
622:(KonKow Maidu), artist, ceremonialist
516:Shingle Springs Band of Miwok Indians
1554:History of Sierra County, California
1549:History of Nevada County, California
1539:History of Placer County, California
1524:History of Amador County, California
1242:(Lassik, Nongatl, Sinkyone, Wailaki)
1099:. Oxford University Press, New York.
1018:
924:. 1991. (w/ foreword by Gary Snyder)
674:SDSU Library and Information Access.
316:after being processed and prepared.
170:occupied the whole of the American,
50:Regions with significant populations
1529:History of Butte County, California
961:Konkow Valley Band of Maidu Indians
541:KonKow Valley Band of Maidu Indians
13:
1559:History of Yuba County, California
1066:
828:
741:US Government Treaties and Reports
14:
1570:
1103:
1049:Autry Museum of the American West
999:Autry Museum of the American West
907:Native Languages of the Americas.
798:. U.S. Department of the Interior
231:--widely regarded as charlatans--
152:
1514:Indigenous peoples of California
1169:Indigenous peoples of California
1162:
934:Quinlan, Angus R. (2007-01-24).
772:. The Indigenous Digital Archive
591:(Nisenan/Miwok), artist, painter
305:trees to maximize production of
133:Rivers and in Humbug Valley. In
60:
1037:
1019:Hinz, Krista (March 18, 2022).
1012:
987:
976:
965:
954:
927:
912:
897:
870:
219:Population of Native California
125:, in the watershed area of the
1340:(Monache, Owens Valley Paiute)
883:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 176ā177.
819:
810:
784:
729:
703:
678:
657:
633:
417:are particularly prominent in
280:
243:Estimates for the pre-contact
1:
650:
332:were created by the weavers.
309:, which were their principal
212:
121:. They reside in the central
710:Robbins, John (2000-12-14).
685:Johnson, Michael G. (2014).
424:
419:Maidu traditional narratives
299:gathering grounds, with fire
7:
972:Strawberry Valley Rancheria
522:Susanville Indian Rancheria
462:
376:
247:have varied substantially.
10:
1575:
428:
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262:
216:
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1072:Cook, Sherburne F. 1976.
479:
268:Baskets and basket making
95:
90:
79:
74:
54:
49:
44:
39:
27:
1088:Heizer, Robert F. 1966.
877:Pritzker, Barry (1998).
626:
533:Not federally recognized
451:; Northwestern Maidu or
56:United States of America
1438:Plains and Sierra Miwok
1297:(DiegueƱo, Ipai, Tipai)
1095:Pritzker, Barry. 2000.
904:"Maidu Indian Legends."
909:Retrieved 30 Dec 2011.
597:(Konkow Maidu), artist
538:Honey Lake Maidu Tribe
455:; and Valley Maidu or
409:Traditional narratives
326:
290:
240:
149:
1407:(Konomihu, Okwanuchu)
1240:Eel River Athapaskans
1079:Kroeber, A. L. 1925.
844:Potts, Marie (1977).
770:IDA Treaties Explorer
549:Nevada City Rancheria
447:); Southern Maidu or
321:
295:hunters and gatherers
288:
226:
217:Further information:
147:
567:Notable Maidu people
485:Federally recognized
204:live in the area of
192:between present-day
181:The Northeastern or
148:Map of Maidu peoples
983:ColfaxRancheria.com
559:United Maidu Nation
365:Social organization
237:Rancho Arroyo Chico
119:northern California
24:
1118:, July/August 1851
920:Shipley, William.
848:The Northern Maidu
816:Kroeber (1925:883)
669:2015-09-25 at the
607:), artist, painter
576:), artist, painter
291:
241:
150:
22:
1496:
1495:
947:978-0-87417-718-3
890:978-0-87436-836-9
696:978-1-77085-461-1
614:Marie Mason Potts
431:Maiduan languages
253:Sherburne F. Cook
249:Alfred L. Kroeber
206:Chico, California
135:Maiduan languages
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995:"Dalbert Castro"
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603:(Mountain Maidu/
585:(Konkow), artist
572:Dalbert Castro (
476:of their world.
415:Trickster Coyote
233:O. M. Wozencraft
227:Original title:
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40:Total population
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281:Subsistence
1503:Categories
1358:Kucadikadi
1301:Lake Miwok
1215:Chemehuevi
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213:Population
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1200:Bay Miwok
583:Frank Day
425:Languages
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1280:Kawaiisu
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