1050:
2647:
1035:
917:
2612:
129:
151:
865:
2813:
1023:
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3324:
994:
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2626:
885:
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782:
905:
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930:
Magnolias are spreading evergreen or deciduous trees or shrubs characterised by large fragrant flowers, which may be bowl-shaped or star-shaped, in shades of white, pink, purple, green, or yellow. In deciduous species, the blooms often appear before the leaves in spring. Cone-like fruits are often
3313:
noted of Lyndon
Johnson that "A man who wore a ten-gallon Stetson and spoke with a magnolia accent had little hope of winning the Democratic nomination in 1960", and biographer Robert Caro picks up the symbol by saying that when Johnson became president "he taint of magnolias still remained to be
1380:
Relations in the family
Magnoliaceae have puzzled taxonomists for a long time. Because the family is quite old and has survived many geological events (such as ice ages, mountain formation, and continental drift), its distribution has become scattered. Some species or groups of species have been
4617:
Ma, L.; Chen, J.; Wang, X.; Liang, X.; Luo, Y.; Zhu, W.; Wang, T.; Peng, M.; Li, S.; Jie, S.; Peng, A.; Wei, Y.; Chen, L. (2011). "Structural modification of honokiol, a biphenyl occurring in magnolia officinalis: The evaluation of honokiol analogues as inhibitors of angiogenesis and for their
3716:
3035:
is a 1989 American comedy-drama film about the bond among a group of women from
Louisiana, who can be as beautiful as magnolias, but are as tough as steel. The name 'magnolia' specifically refers to a magnolia tree about which they are arguing at the
2703:
has been immensely successful in combining the best aspects of different species to give plants which flower at an earlier age than the parent species, as well as having more impressive flowers. One of the most popular garden magnolias,
3889:
3967:
only received its name in 1814, when it was validly published by A.P. de
Candolle. There has been much confusion about earlier attempts to validly publish this species, especially because descriptions and type specimens did not
752:
The
Magnolia is also the state flower of Mississippi, which was made so in 1900. The Magnolia symbolizes stability in the United States; in China beauty and gentleness. Overall, the magnolia symbolizes everlasting connections.
4530:
Han, H.; Jung, J.K.; Han, S.B.; Nam, S.Y.; Oh, K.W.; Hong, J.T. (2011). "Anxiolytic-like effects of 4-O-methylhonokiol isolated from magnolia officinalis through enhancement of GABAergic transmission and chloride influx".
4837:
Atanasov AG, Wang JN, Gu SP, Bu J, Kramer MP, Baumgartner L, Fakhrudin N, Ladurner A, Malainer C, Vuorinen A, Noha SM, Schwaiger S, Rollinger JM, Schuster D, Stuppner H, Dirsch VM, Heiss EH (October 2013).
3878:
3335:, in which she draws our attention to the dual symbols of beginnings in the flower, as both an evolutionary archetype and also one of the first trees to flower in spring (see illustration).
4788:
Fakhrudin, N.; Ladurner, A.; Atanasov, A.G.; Heiss, E.H.; Baumgartner, L.; Markt, P.; Schuster, D.; Ellmerer, E.P.; Wolber, G.; Rollinger, J.M.; Stuppner, H.; Dirsch, V.M. (Apr 2010).
1396:. Several studies, including studies on many species in the family Magnoliaceae, were carried out to investigate relationships. What these studies all revealed was that the genus
3555:. In 1934, the English botanist J.E. Dandy argued that these names had priority over the names by which both species had been known for over a century and hence from then on
1667:(tulip tree), or 16 different genera, some of them recently split out or re-recognized, each of which contains up to 50 species. The western co-author favors the big genus
3539:, tome troisieme (1792): 675. In the beginning of the 20th century, descriptions which seemed to represent the same species, were found in a work of the French naturalist
4025:
Azuma, H.; GarcĂa-Franco, J.G.; Rico-Gray, V.; Thien, L.B. (2001). "Molecular phylogeny of the
Magnoliaceae: the biogeography of tropical and temperate disjunctions".
2773:
are broiled and eaten as a vegetable. Older leaves are made into a powder and used as seasoning; dried, whole leaves are placed on a charcoal brazier and filled with
1520:
include species of major horticultural importance, and a change of name would be very undesirable for many people, especially in the horticultural branch. In Europe,
1721:
In 2012, the
Magnolia Society published on its website a classification of the genus produced by Richard B. Figlar, based on a 2004 classification by Figlar and
695:
have been found dating to 20 million years ago, and fossils of plants identifiably belonging to the
Magnoliaceae date to 95 million years ago. Another aspect of
3575:(pictures constructed of elements of different species), and as Buc'hoz did not cite or preserve herbarium specimens, his names were ruled not to be acceptable.
4704:"Liposomal honokiol, a potent anti-angiogenesis agent, in combination with radiotherapy produces a synergistic antitumor efficacy without increasing toxicity"
4353:
Northwest
Gardener's Handbook: Your Complete Guide: Select, Plan, Plant, Maintain, Problem-Solve: Oregon, Washington, Northern California, British Columbia.
6543:
4790:"Computer-aided discovery, validation, and mechanistic characterization of novel neolignan activators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma"
2852:, grows to large size and is harvested as a timber tree in northeastern US forests. Its wood is sold as "yellow poplar" along with that of the tuliptree,
4568:"Effect of a proprietary Magnolia and Phellodendron extract on stress levels in healthy women: A pilot, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial"
3940:
The
Natural History of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands, containing the figures of birds, beasts, fishes, serpents, insects and plants, Vol. 1.
4983:
5072:
2910:
1209:
and had only his description and a rather poor picture at hand, he must have taken it for the same plant that was described by Catesby in his 1730
3750:
Magnolias and their allies: Proceedings of an International Symposium, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, U.K., 12-13 April 1996
6343:
4257:
Wang, Y.-B.; Liu, B.-B.; Nie, Z.-L.; Chen, H.-F.; Chen, F.-J.; Figlar, R.B. & Wen, J. (2020), "Major clades and a revised classification of
6528:
4298:
A Dictionary of English Names of Plants: Applied in England and Among English-speaking People to Cultivated and Wild Plants, Trees, and Shrubs.
3781:
4153:"Mummified Magnoliaceae woods from the upper Oligocene of South China, with biogeography, paleoecology, and wood trait evolution implications"
6382:
3927:
Hortus Elthamensis, seu plantarum rariorum quas in horto suo Elthami in Cantio coluit vir ornamentissimus et praestantissimus Jacobus Sherard
1760:
into 15 sections. The relationships among these sections are shown in the following cladogram, as is the paraphyletic status of subgenus
5312:
5342:
5136:
1377:(cucumber tree), which has recently attained greater status as the parent responsible for the yellow flower color in many new hybrids.
6431:
2677:(saucer magnolia) flower quite early in the spring, before the leaves open. Others flower in late spring or early summer, including
6538:
6291:
5351:
4943:
6356:
6304:
4702:
Hu J.; Chen L.-J.; Liu L.; Chen X.; Chen P.; Yang G.-L.; Hou W.-L.; Tang M.-H.; Zhang F.; Wang X.-H.; Zhao X.; Wei Y.-Q. (2008).
990:, including James E. Dandy in 1927, have used differences in the fruits of Magnoliaceae as the basis for classification systems.
3821:
1381:
isolated for a long time, while others could stay in close contact. To create divisions in the family (or even within the genus
4475:"Biological activity and toxicity of the Chinese herb Magnolia officinalis Rehder & E. Wilson (Houpo) and its constituents"
17:
2743:. The last two species must be planted where high winds are not a frequent problem because of the large size of their leaves.
3804:
3757:
4202:
6361:
5219:
4708:
4753:
Lee YJ, Lee YM, Lee CK, Jung JK, Han SB, Hong JT (2011). "Therapeutic applications of compounds in the Magnolia family".
3331:
The Canadian artist, Sarah Maloney, has created a series of sculptures of magnolia flowers in bronze and steel, entitled
5191:
4314:
New Cyclopædia of Botany and Complete Book of Herbs: Forming a History and Description of All Plants, British Or Foreign
3641:. This is not just about grouping some genera together where others do not; authors often choose different boundaries.
5118:
5056:
5037:
5018:
4887:
Scanlon, J. (2007). "If my husband calls I'm not here: The beauty parlor as real and representational female space".
4432:
4407:
4383:
4360:
4337:
3528:
5200:
6553:
6387:
6330:
3748:
Crane, P.R. (1988). "The phylogenetic position and fossil history of the Magnoliaceae". In Hunt, David R. (ed.).
3293:
Despite Meeropol's frequent mention of the South and magnolia trees, the horrific image which inspired his poem,
3128:(1938–2013) wrote a song about a woman named Magnolia, which has been covered by Poco, Beck and Lucinda Williams.
3109:
6449:
5335:
5247:
4068:
Kim, S.; et al. (2001). "Phylogenetic relationships in family Magnoliaceae inferred from ndhF sequences".
1274:
By the end of the 18th century, botanists and plant hunters exploring Asia had begun to name and describe the
6548:
6369:
6091:
3298:
2825:
1512:
species have so far become horticulturally or economically important, apart from their wood. Both subgenus
5297:
1369:, which have become horticulturally important in their own right and as parents in hybrids. Classified in
6523:
6203:
4998:
4913:
1092:
6283:
6270:
5210:
3687:
6444:
4376:
Crafting with Nature: Grow or Gather Your Own Supplies for Simple Handmade Crafts, Gifts & Recipes.
3058:
2948:
2329:
6533:
6397:
6309:
6065:
6015:
5328:
3148:
1049:
150:
31:
3662:
2668:
6071:
5419:
5229:
4448:
4135:
2968:
1712:
299:
1278:
species from China and Japan. The first Asiatic species to be described by western botanists were
6436:
6278:
6045:
5959:
3717:"A review of pollination of Magnolias by beetles, with a collecting survey made in the Carolinas"
3652:
3242:
3114:
3088:
3075:"Les collines de Rabiah" in the 1970s describes the magnolia trees in Beirut and calls for peace.
2854:
1738:
5281:
3982:(Magnoliaceae) inferred from cpDNA sequences and evolutionary divergence of the floral scents".
3571:. After a lengthy debate, specialist taxonomists decided that the Buc'hoz's names were based on
2629:
6423:
6265:
6146:
5933:
5912:
5855:
5147:
Xu, F.; Rudall, P. J. (April 2006). "Comparative floral anatomy and ontogeny in Magnoliaceae".
3261:
3237:
3136:
2976:
2646:
2393:
1108:
6348:
4386:
4363:
4340:
4317:
4301:
3152:
This was the last release under that project's name for Jason Molina before renaming his band
1185:, without a description but with a reference to Plumier's work. In 1753, he took up Plumier's
6472:
6418:
6085:
5985:
5839:
5823:
5818:
5373:
5289:
5129:
3344:
3153:
3050:
724:
644:
6410:
5211:"Early to Evolve, Early to Flower: Collections Up Close Spotlights the Magnolia Collection."
5135:. Fauna & Flora International and Botanic Gardens (Report). Conservation International.
4566:
Kalman, D.S.; Feldman, S.; Feldman, R.; Schwartz, H.I.; Krieger, D.R.; Garrison, R. (2008).
3456:(1788) was published on a later date by Schwartz, and is treated as a later synonym, as are
6239:
6025:
5948:
5844:
5726:
5598:
5529:
5487:
5156:
4908:
3991:
3836:
3540:
3494:
3368:
3018:
2943:
2684:
2651:
1722:
1231:
1027:
8:
5665:
3211:
3200:
3178:
2964:
2763:. In some Asian cuisines, the buds are pickled and used to flavor rice and scent tea. In
2678:
1304:
1286:
1201:
1145:
962:
254:
5306:
5206:
Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University website, 20 October 2019. Accessed 29 April 2020.
5160:
4947:
4152:
3995:
3840:
1385:) solely based upon morphological characters has proven to be a nearly impossible task.
1034:
6490:
6184:
6055:
6011:
5995:
5975:
5917:
5871:
5741:
5429:
5389:
5172:
5097:
5093:
5066:
4864:
4839:
4814:
4789:
4730:
4703:
4679:
4654:
4594:
4567:
4507:
4474:
4280:
4180:
4085:
4042:
4007:
3852:
3775:
3514:
3508:
2995:
2983:
2899:
2879:
2806:
2769:
1214:
1104:
987:
691:
306:
145:
137:
5235:
Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University website, 19 April 2017. Accessed 29 April 2020.
6518:
6405:
6226:
5716:
5583:
5519:
5368:
5320:
5114:
5052:
5033:
5014:
4869:
4819:
4770:
4766:
4735:
4684:
4635:
4599:
4548:
4512:
4494:
4428:
4403:
4379:
4356:
4333:
4284:
4172:
4093:
4050:
4011:
3860:
3800:
3763:
3753:
3601:
3102:
2663:
1280:
1205:. Since Linnaeus never saw a herbarium specimen (if there ever was one) of Plumier's
1191:
965:. The flowers' carpels are extremely tough to avoid damage from pollinating beetles.
5176:
4184:
3856:
2689:(southern magnolia). The shape of these flowers lend themselves to the common name
6495:
6231:
5886:
5881:
5792:
5773:
5736:
5573:
5444:
5439:
5164:
5089:
4859:
4851:
4809:
4801:
4762:
4725:
4717:
4674:
4666:
4627:
4589:
4579:
4540:
4502:
4486:
4270:
4237:
4164:
4077:
4034:
3999:
3844:
3294:
3000:
2907:
2785:, and broiled. There is a type of miso which is seasoned with magnolia, hoba miso.
2700:
1734:
1487:
699:
considered to represent an ancestral state is that the flower bud is enclosed in a
633:
6208:
6195:
4122:
provides basis for combinations in subfamily Magnolioideae. In: Liu Yu-hu et al.,
3432:
Under the rule of priority, the first name that is validly published in Linnaeus'
1532:
as one of their parents. Most taxonomists who acknowledge close relations between
5624:
4855:
4206:
4151:
Huang, Lu-Liang; Jin, Jian-Hua; Quan, Cheng; Oskolski, Alexei A. (January 2020).
3302:
3252:", originally written as a poem by New York schoolteacher and communist activist
3218:
3072:
3031:
3023:
2723:
In the eastern United States, five native species are frequently in cultivation:
1749:. A revised classification in 2020, based on a phylogenetic analysis of complete
1325:
With the number of species increasing, the genus was divided into two subgenera,
1181:
1132:
1088:
1072:
916:
728:
656:
629:
188:
6482:
6374:
4565:
6051:
6005:
5908:
5808:
5787:
5783:
5649:
5634:
5563:
5503:
5470:
4261:
and Magnoliaceae based on whole plastid genome sequences via genome skimming",
3160:
3083:
2960:
2928:
1389:
1313:
947:
864:
829:
175:
5168:
4721:
3822:"Convergent evolution and adaptive radiation of beetle-pollinated angiosperms"
3403:(and a small number of monospecific genera) all belong within the same genus,
2611:
1597:
is now. The precise nomenclatural status of small or monospecific genera like
1425:
is supposed to reflect relationships, the situation with the species names in
128:
6512:
6169:
6035:
6021:
5902:
5757:
5732:
5630:
5614:
5539:
4498:
4241:
4176:
3309:
In the 1960s, magnolias were a symbol of the South in the popular press: the
3253:
3249:
3132:
3097:
3093:
3079:
2617:
1741:
studies have led to some revisions of this system; for example, the subgenus
1393:
1346:
1299:
1292:
1168:
1084:
1068:
723:
shares the tepal characteristic with several other flowering plants near the
664:
652:
238:
86:
3767:
3448:, so it has no status. The first binomen published after 1753 was Lamarck's
2812:
6462:
6095:
5943:
5929:
5898:
5877:
5804:
4873:
4823:
4805:
4774:
4739:
4688:
4639:
4603:
4584:
4552:
4516:
4097:
4054:
3196:
3171:
2975:
is "Magnolia City". Historically, magnolias have been associated with the
1663:
1658:
1422:
1342:
1116:
1022:
935:
636:
292:
246:
221:
5080:
Thien, Leonard B. (November–December 1974). "Floral biology of Magnolia".
4670:
4544:
4490:
3323:
2793:
1410:
were far more closely allied to each other than either one of them was to
6317:
6178:
6081:
5671:
5435:
5255:
5195:
images at the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University Plant Image Database
3185:
3143:
2988:
2952:
2875:
1750:
1581:
993:
977:
678:
660:
211:
61:
6218:
3440:
after that, takes precedence over later names. Plumier's name was not a
2801:
856:
821:
795:
769:
6296:
5763:
5753:
5706:
5415:
5101:
4228:
Figlar, R.B. & Nooteboom, H.P. (2004), "Notes on Magnoliaceae IV",
4089:
4046:
4003:
3848:
2328:
The table below compares the 2012 and 2020 classifications. (The exact
1645:
s.l. as well. Botanists do not yet agree on whether to recognize a big
1571:
1076:
201:
106:
71:
4631:
4275:
4168:
3367:
depends on the taxonomic view that one takes up. Recent molecular and
6322:
6252:
6031:
5939:
5696:
5680:
5661:
5589:
5543:
5475:
4124:
Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Family Magnoliaceae
3572:
3484:
and as the latter is the first valid name, the species is now called
3125:
3119:
3054:
2956:
2760:
2625:
1746:
1699:, China, which has a close affinity to members of the modern section
1692:
1684:
1358:
1196:
1136:
1042:
981:
924:
898:
Mature magnolia fruit just starting to open, with a few seeds visible
733:
111:
6140:
4081:
4038:
1099:, was most probably the first after Plumier to adopt the genus name
884:
877:
842:
807:
781:
6457:
6163:
6075:
6001:
5835:
5712:
5692:
5640:
5620:
5579:
5535:
5456:
5425:
5405:
5300:. Extension. Selecting Trees for your Home. University of Illinois.
4529:
3978:
Azuma, H.; Thien, L.B.; Kawano, S. (1999). "Molecular phylogeny of
3437:
3260:, the magnolia flower was referred to as being associated with the
3257:
2936:
2903:
2895:
2891:
2782:
1730:
1418:. These phylogenetic studies were supported by morphological data.
1398:
969:
951:
939:
904:
739:
704:
101:
96:
81:
76:
66:
38:
6257:
5273:
1593:, in which case it will most likely be treated in the same way as
6335:
6041:
5991:
5702:
5549:
5466:
5399:
5395:
5364:
5127:
3799:(3rd ed.). United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. p. 661.
3797:
The Royal Horticultural Society A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants
3532:
3441:
2972:
2752:
1696:
1557:
1150:
958:
954:
116:
91:
4655:"Honokiol, a multifunctional antiangiogenic and antitumor agent"
4024:
3301:
following the robbery and murder of Claude Deteer, was taken in
3203:
included "Honey Magnolia" to his first solo debut album titled
5867:
5722:
5569:
5515:
5492:
5385:
5305:
4616:
2862:, also attains enough size sometimes to be harvested, as well.
2778:
2751:
The flowers of many species are considered edible. In parts of
1753:
1096:
1063:
973:
943:
745:
686:
682:
6244:
4787:
3631:
A preliminary study on the taxonomy of the family Magnoliaceae
3221:, featured in her album "Typical of Me" released in April 2021
2661:
has attracted horticultural interest. Some, such as the shrub
1528:, since most of the cultivated species on this continent have
5971:
5767:
5644:
5610:
5553:
5525:
5460:
5409:
5239:
3159:"Magnolia" is the fifth track on Australian indie rock group
2871:
2764:
1437:
was undesirable. Taxonomically, three choices are available:
1226:
716:
712:
708:
700:
625:
162:
5267:
Background information, reports, images and related articles
4701:
2959:. The flower's abundance in Mississippi is reflected in its
1671:, whereas the Chinese recognize the different small genera.
1392:
had become available as a method of large-scale research on
743:(as well as with many more recently derived plants, such as
6061:
5981:
5814:
5777:
5559:
5032:. International Dendrology Society & Magnolia Society.
4928:
3065:
2774:
1271:
and raised the four remaining varieties to species status.
1121:
Natural History of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands
648:
30:
This article is about the plant genus. For other uses, see
3217:"Magnolia" is a song by Icelandic-Chinese jazz-pop singer
2971:
of Mississippi. One of the many nicknames for the city of
677:
evolved. They are theorized to have evolved to encourage
1657:, which includes about 300 species and everything in the
1139:
North America. The species that Plumier originally named
674:
4652:
3092:. The song made its live debut on June 7, 1970, at the
5046:
5350:
4991:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India
4916:. Vol. 4. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. p. 348.
4844:
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects
4840:"Honokiol: A non-adipogenic PPARÎł agonist from nature"
5051:. Hong-Kong: Beijing Science & Technology Press.
4984:"Morphology and embryology of Magnolia Dill. ex Linn"
1161:(among a number of other names), but is now known as
1075:(1646–1704), for a flowering tree from the island of
5216:
website, Spring/Summer 2014. Accessed 29 April 2020.
4150:
4110:
Figlar, R.B. (2000), Proleptic branch initiation in
3420:
2885:
5233:
Blog of the Arnold Arboretum Horticultural Library,
4618:cytotoxicity and structure-activity relationship".
4252:
4250:
2935:) is the official flower of the Chinese metropolis
1505:, the type species of the genus and of the family.
4427:. Cornucopia. Vol. II. Kampong Publications.
3039:Sweet Magnolias is a 2020 Netflix Original Series
1579:or may even earn the status of an extra subgenus.
647:, with a main center in east, south and southeast
5252:Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI)
4402:. Cornucopia. Vol. I. Kampong Publications.
3419:s.s. contains about 120 species. See the section
3184:"The Sweet Magnolia Tree" is the eighth track on
3106:has its title taken from the song's coda section.
6510:
4836:
4247:
4205:. Magnolia Society International. Archived from
3977:
3527:Under these names the species were described by
3518:(cucumber tree) are still recognized as species.
3210:"Magnolia" is an album by progressive rock band
2911:peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
2332:of the corresponding taxa may not be the same.)
1756:, abandoned subgenera and subsections, dividing
950:. The flowers are hermaphroditic, with numerous
4972:
4227:
3118:includes a track called "Magnolia", written by
5282:"Magnolias Threatened by Logging, Development"
5128:Cicuzza, D.; Newton, A.; Oldfield, S. (2007).
5108:
5008:
4256:
3680:
3131:"The Scent of Magnolia" is the first track in
961:arranged in a spiral fashion on the elongated
632:species in the subfamily Magnolioideae of the
5336:
4981:
4752:
3876:
3629:: 257–264. In 1984 Law Yuh-Wu proposed 15 in
3086:" that was first released on the 1970 album
1123:. These were the first works after Plumier's
972:along the dorsal sutures of the carpels. The
5071:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4473:Poivre, MĂ©lanie; Duez, Pierre (March 2017).
4422:
4397:
3436:(1 May 1753) or any other work of any other
1649:or the different small genera. For example,
1540:therefore support the third option and join
6544:Plants used in traditional Chinese medicine
5201:"Hunting magnolia fruits at the Arboretum."
3411:: 'in a broad sense', as opposed to s.s. =
1345:importance, especially in the southeastern
5343:
5329:
4977:. London: The Royal Horticultural Society.
4479:Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B
4472:
4221:
3780:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3502:only has priority in its rank of variety.
1311:from Japan, and roughly at the same time,
1083:). It was named after the French botanist
980:, and the embryonic development is of the
127:
5113:. London; Boston, MA: Faber & Faber.
4863:
4813:
4729:
4678:
4593:
4583:
4506:
4274:
4196:
4194:
3819:
3621:In 1927 J.E. Dandy accepted 10 genera in
2870:Magnolias are used as food plants by the
1633:remains uncertain. Taxonomists who merge
673:is an ancient genus that appeared before
5248:"Conserving threatened Magnolia species"
5146:
5027:
3794:
3608:was soon after transferred to the genus
3322:
3305:, where magnolia trees are less common.
3214:. It includes a track called "Magnolia".
2811:
2800:
2792:
2645:
2624:
2610:
1337:contains the American evergreen species
1048:
1033:
1021:
992:
915:
903:
5223:Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University,
4941:
4886:
3714:
3596:(1790) and later (1817) transferred to
3285:Then the sudden smell of burning flesh.
2788:
908:An anatomical diagram of the flower of
14:
6511:
5214:Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University
4982:Kapil, R. N.; Bhandari, N. N. (1964).
4200:
4191:
3906:
3297:'s 1930 photograph of the lynching of
3276:The bulging eyes and the twisted mouth
3012:
2767:, the young leaves and flower buds of
2650:Star magnolia from botanical gardens,
1641:tend to merge these small genera into
1575:, which could be joined with subgenus
1501:cannot be renamed because it contains
1103:. He was at least responsible for the
923:seeds and fruit on a tree in northern
707:parts are undifferentiated and called
6529:Culture of the Southern United States
6145:
6144:
5324:
5220:"Magnolia - April Tree of the Month."
5079:
4709:Experimental & Molecular Medicine
4129:
3747:
3498:, which is legitimate as the epithet
2906:. Magnolol and honokiol activate the
2840:, has been used in a similar manner.
2641:
2336:Comparison of two classifications of
1449:species in a common genus, not being
1239:, Linnaeus described five varieties (
6398:139e5de5-0ca5-4654-9797-aa575b87d3c2
5240:"NCCPG National Magnolia Collection"
4905:
4263:Journal of Systematics and Evolution
4157:Journal of Systematics and Evolution
3788:
3177:In his song titled "Roller Coaster"
3064:The folksong "Bungong Jeumpa", from
2967:. The magnolia is also the official
1565:, which are then placed in subgenus
1091:, who studied botany in Paris under
4926:
4653:Fried, L.E.; Arbiser, J.L. (2009).
4330:Taylor's Master Guide to Gardening.
4067:
3363:The number of species in the genus
3280:Scent of magnolias, sweet and fresh
3273:Pastoral scene of the gallant south
3100:. The semiofficial 1972 Dead movie
3068:, Indonesia, means magnolia flower.
1524:is even more or less a synonym for
1199:genus, with the sole species being
543:Cespedes ex Triana & Planch.
24:
6450:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30000709-2
6128:, beautification and conservation
5352:State flowers of the United States
5094:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1974.tb12321.x
4659:Antioxidants & Redox Signaling
3914:Nova plantarum Americanarum genera
3415:: 'in a narrow sense'). The genus
3371:research shows that former genera
3264:, where many lynchings took place:
2963:of "Magnolia State" and the state
2693:that is sometimes applied to some
1691:named for mummified wood from the
1653:offers two choices: a large genus
1171:, who was familiar with Plumier's
651:and a secondary center in eastern
25:
6565:
5209:Dosmann, Michael and Nancy Rose.
5185:
4201:Figlar, Richard B. (April 2012).
3953:Encyclopédie Méthodique Botanique
3537:Encyclopédie Méthodique Botanique
2886:Chemical compounds and bioeffects
1737:, and 13 subsections. Subsequent
5142:from the original on 2022-10-09.
5047:Law, Y.W. (= Liu, Y.H.) (2004).
4975:Asiatic Magnolias in cultivation
4767:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.01.010
4126:: 14–25, Science Press, Beijing.
3737:from the original on 2022-10-09.
3637:22: 89–109; in 2004 even 16, in
3584:These species were published as
3545:Plantes nouvellement découvertes
2759:are pickled and used as a spicy
2746:
1674:
1388:By the end of the 20th century,
1179:in 1735 in his first edition of
1131:, this time for some species of
942:is undifferentiated, with 9–15
883:
876:
863:
841:
828:
806:
780:
149:
59:
6539:National symbols of North Korea
5149:Plant Systematics and Evolution
4965:
4935:
4920:
4899:
4880:
4830:
4781:
4746:
4695:
4646:
4610:
4559:
4523:
4466:
4441:
4416:
4391:
4368:
4351:Pat Munts and Susan Mulvihill.
4345:
4322:
4306:
4290:
4144:
4104:
4061:
4018:
3971:
3958:
3945:
3932:
3895:from the original on 2022-10-09
3879:"Those Amazing Magnolia Fruits"
3829:Plant Systematics and Evolution
3650:"Tulip tree" usually refers to
3644:
3615:
3578:
3521:
3471:
3426:
3421:Nomenclature and classification
3110:Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers
1585:seems to be closely related to
1373:is also the American deciduous
487:(Nakai) N.H.Xia & C.Y.Wu
5242:. Caerhays Castle Garden (UK).
5013:. Portland, OR: Timber Press.
4944:"Sarah Maloney: First Flowers"
4620:Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
4449:"Magnolia Flower (xin yi hua)"
4425:A Source Book of Edible Plants
4400:A Source Book of Edible Plants
3919:
3870:
3813:
3795:Brickell, Christopher (2008).
3752:. Milbourne Port. p. 21.
3741:
3708:
3480:has the same type specimen as
3444:and moreover published before
3357:
3318:
3170:In his song titled "Marry Me"
1706:
1061:first appeared in 1703 in the
756:
13:
1:
5666:Pink and white lady's slipper
5225:2014. Accessed 29 April 2020.
3951:Lamarck, J.B.P.A. de (1786),
3673:
3225:
3181:mentions the magnolia flower.
3174:mentions the magnolia flower.
3049:"Magnolia Wind" is a song by
2865:
2667:(star magnolia) and the tree
5230:"Magnolia madness in April."
5130:The Red List of Magnoliaceae
4856:10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.06.021
4296:William Miller. "Magnolia."
3697:. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
3464:(Jaume St-Hilaire 1805) and
3299:Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith
3057:. It was first released on
2826:traditional Chinese medicine
2820:The bark and flower buds of
1303:. Soon after that, in 1794,
873:
838:
803:
777:
7:
4914:The Years of Lyndon Johnson
4316:(etc.). W. M. Clark, 1854.
3635:Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica
3338:
3256:to condemn the practice of
2890:The aromatic bark contains
2797:Magnolia tree in full bloom
1766:
1530:Magnolia (Yulania) denudata
1259:). In the tenth edition of
1211:Natural History of Carolina
1153:, and has since been named
1093:Joseph Pitton de Tournefort
1007:
703:rather than in sepals; the
10:
6570:
6116:, state children's flower
5615:White pine cone and tassel
5204:Posts from the Collection,
5082:American Journal of Botany
5030:Magnolias and their Allies
4355:Cool Springs Press, 2015.
4070:American Journal of Botany
4027:American Journal of Botany
3955:, tome second: 127. Paris.
3695:Plants of the World Online
3656:, but sometimes refers to
3623:The genera of Magnoliaceae
3506:is the southern magnolia.
3488:(sweetbay magnolia). Var.
2999:is the official flower of
2987:is the national flower of
2921:
2916:
2828:, where they are known as
2816:Magnolia tree in the Fall.
1710:
1555:, for the (former) genera
1394:phylogenetic relationships
1317:was also first collected.
1012:
36:
29:
6153:
6105:
6066:Bougainvillea spectabilis
5358:
5199:Friedman, William (Ned).
5169:10.1007/s00606-005-0361-1
4997:: 245–262. Archived from
4722:10.3858/emm.2008.40.6.617
4533:Journal of Medicinal Food
4203:"Magnolia Classification"
3984:Journal of Plant Research
3715:Peigler, Richard (1988).
3327:Magnolia by Sarah Maloney
3235:is based on a 1987 play,
3149:The Magnolia Electric Co.
2843:
2590:
2571:
2561:
2532:
2525:
2518:
2513:
2501:
2489:
2460:
2448:
2436:
2424:
2410:
2400:
2372:
2362:
2343:
2209:
2190:
2183:
2155:
2136:
2129:
2122:
2103:
2096:
2077:
2070:
2032:
2003:
1984:
1977:
1970:
1951:
1944:
1936:
1908:
1889:
1882:
1874:
1845:
1817:
1798:
1791:
1784:
1776:
1464:to generic rank, leaving
1361:Asiatic species, such as
1320:
1175:, adopted the genus name
897:
860:Cross-eye view
855:
820:
794:
768:
763:
312:
305:
298:
291:
270:
265:
252:
245:
146:Scientific classification
144:
135:
126:
48:
32:Magnolia (disambiguation)
5430:Rocky Mountain columbine
4973:Johnstone, G.H. (1955).
4906:Caro, Robert A. (2012).
4453:www.acupuncturetoday.com
4332:Houghton Mifflin, 1994.
4242:10.3767/000651904X486214
3925:Dillenius, J.J. (1732),
3547:(1779), under the names
3512:(umbrella magnolia) and
3350:
3082:recorded a song titled "
3043:
2683:(sweetbay magnolia) and
1729:were listed under three
1307:collected and described
1189:in the first edition of
1017:
931:produced in the autumn.
825:Parallel view
37:Not to be confused with
5313:Encyclopædia Britannica
5109:Treseder, N.G. (1978).
5009:Callaway, D.J. (1994).
4942:Maloney, Sarah (2014).
3653:Liriodendron tulipifera
3567:should be changed into
3207:released in March 2016.
3021:created a movie titled
3007:
2878:species, including the
2858:. The Fraser magnolia,
2855:Liriodendron tulipifera
2824:have long been used in
2606:
1195:. There he described a
1143:was later described as
1087:. The English botanist
639:. The natural range of
399:N.H.Xia & C.Y.Wu
6554:Symbols of Mississippi
6122:, state floral emblem
5400:Saguaro cactus blossom
5316:(11th ed.). 1911.
5028:Hunt, D., ed. (1998).
5011:The World of Magnolias
4806:10.1124/mol.109.062141
4585:10.1186/1475-2891-7-11
3820:Bernhardt, P. (2000).
3663:Magnolia Ă— soulangeana
3328:
3262:Southern United States
3137:Everything and Nothing
2977:Southern United States
2817:
2809:
2798:
2657:In general, the genus
2654:
2638:
2622:
1739:molecular phylogenetic
1689:Magnolia nanningensis,
1679:Fossils assignable to
1213:. He placed it in the
1109:Johann Jacob Dillenius
1054:
1046:
1031:
1004:
927:
913:
799:Right frame
663:, and some species in
351:Siebold & Zucc.
18:Magnolia sect. Yulania
6419:Paleobiology Database
5290:National Public Radio
4671:10.1089/ars.2009.2440
4545:10.1089/jmf.2010.1111
4491:10.1631/jzus.B1600299
4423:Facciola, S. (1998).
4398:Facciola, S. (1990).
3594:Flora Cochinchinensis
3592:by J. de Loureiro in
3345:List of AGM magnolias
3326:
3154:Magnolia Electric Co.
2815:
2804:
2796:
2649:
2628:
2614:
1163:Magnolia dodecapetala
1052:
1037:
1025:
996:
919:
907:
773:Left frame
711:rather than distinct
519:Hu & W.C.Cheng
503:Hu & W.C.Cheng
415:Kaempf. ex Salisb.
6549:Symbols of Louisiana
5960:Tennessee coneflower
5949:Purple passionflower
5887:Penngift crown vetch
5824:Large white trillium
5530:Syringa, mock orange
4909:The Passage of Power
3938:Catesby, M. (1730),
3660:species, especially
3569:Magnolia quinquepeta
3553:Lassonia quinquepeta
3504:Magnolia grandiflora
3495:Magnolia grandiflora
3466:Magnolia linguifolia
3115:You're Gonna Get It!
3112:second studio album
3019:Paul Thomas Anderson
2944:Magnolia grandiflora
2789:Traditional medicine
2652:Halifax, Nova Scotia
1745:was found not to be
1723:Hans Peter Nooteboom
1472:names untouched, or;
1453:(for which the name
1353:, the type species.
1232:Magnolia grandiflora
1028:Magnolia grandiflora
628:of about 210 to 340
511:Sima & S.G.Lu
463:Sima & S.G.Lu
27:Genus of angiosperms
6110:: state wildflower
5742:Pink lady's slipper
5161:2006PSyEv.258....1X
4378:Page Street, 2016.
4300:John Murray, 1884.
3996:1999JPlR..112..291A
3912:Plumier, C. (1703)
3886:Magnoliasociety.org
3877:Richard B. Figlar.
3841:2000PSyEv.222..293B
3565:Magnolia liliiflora
3486:Magnolia virginiana
3482:Magnolia virginiana
3450:Annona dodecapetala
3212:The Pineapple Thief
3201:The Gaslight Anthem
3135:compilation album,
3071:The French song by
3013:Film and television
2727:(as a shade tree),
2347:Wang et al. (2020)
2340:
1468:names and subgenus
1305:Carl Peter Thunberg
1287:Magnolia liliiflora
1237:Magnolia virginiana
1219:Magnolia virginiana
1202:Magnolia virginiana
1146:Annona dodecapetala
1127:that used the name
255:Magnolia virginiana
6524:Magnoliales genera
6016:Coast rhododendron
5374:Oak-leaf hydrangea
5274:"Magnolia Society"
5228:Glasser, Larissa.
5049:Magnolias of China
4004:10.1007/pl00013885
3849:10.1007/bf00984108
3639:Magnolias of China
3561:Magnolia heptapeta
3549:Lassonia heptapeta
3515:Magnolia acuminata
3509:Magnolia tripetala
3458:Magnolia fatiscens
3329:
3248:In the 1939 song "
3195:Singer-songwriter
2996:Magnolia sieboldii
2984:Magnolia sieboldii
2900:4-O-methylhonokiol
2880:giant leopard moth
2848:The cucumbertree,
2818:
2810:
2799:
2770:Magnolia hypoleuca
2655:
2642:Horticultural uses
2639:
2623:
2335:
2302:(not monophyletic)
1460:to raise subgenus
1263:(1759), he merged
1113:Hortus Elthamensis
1055:
1047:
1032:
1005:
928:
914:
300:210 to 340 species
138:Magnolia sieboldii
6506:
6505:
6406:Open Tree of Life
6147:Taxon identifiers
6138:
6137:
6046:Indian paintbrush
5819:Scarlet carnation
5809:Wild prairie rose
5788:Flowering dogwood
5564:Wild prairie rose
5520:Hawaiian hibiscus
5088:(10): 1037–1045.
4850:(10): 4813–4819.
4632:10.1021/jm200830u
4626:(19): 6469–6481.
4572:Nutrition Journal
4276:10.1111/jse.12588
4169:10.1111/jse.12480
4033:(12): 2275–2285.
3990:(1107): 291–306.
3806:978-1-4053-3296-5
3759:978-0-9517234-8-7
3627:Kew Bulletin 1927
3602:A. P. de Candolle
3590:Liriodendron figo
3586:Liriodendron coco
3557:Magnolia denudata
3460:(1817; Richard),
3454:Magnolia plumieri
3446:Species Plantarum
3434:Species Plantarum
3190:Country Libations
3103:Sunshine Daydream
2805:Magnolia tree in
2712:, is a hybrid of
2604:
2603:
2326:
2325:
2289:
2288:
2280:
2279:
2271:
2270:
2262:
2261:
2253:
2252:
2244:
2243:
2235:
2234:
2226:
2225:
2172:
2171:
2058:
2057:
2049:
2048:
2021:
2020:
1925:
1924:
1862:
1861:
1834:
1833:
1357:contains several
1281:Magnolia denudata
1192:Species Plantarum
1155:Magnolia plumieri
946:in three or more
902:
901:
893:
892:
851:
850:
816:
815:
790:
789:
731:lineage, such as
617:
616:
608:
600:
592:
584:
576:
568:
560:
552:
544:
536:
528:
520:
512:
504:
496:
488:
480:
472:
464:
456:
448:
440:
432:
424:
416:
408:
400:
392:
391:Rottler ex DC.
384:
376:
368:
360:
352:
344:
336:
328:
241:
16:(Redirected from
6561:
6534:Medicinal plants
6499:
6498:
6486:
6485:
6476:
6475:
6466:
6465:
6453:
6452:
6440:
6439:
6427:
6426:
6414:
6413:
6401:
6400:
6391:
6390:
6378:
6377:
6375:NHMSYS0000460554
6365:
6364:
6352:
6351:
6339:
6338:
6326:
6325:
6313:
6312:
6300:
6299:
6287:
6286:
6274:
6273:
6261:
6260:
6248:
6247:
6235:
6234:
6222:
6221:
6212:
6211:
6199:
6198:
6189:
6188:
6187:
6174:
6173:
6172:
6142:
6141:
6133:
6132:
6127:
6126:
6121:
6120:
6115:
6114:
6006:American dogwood
5967:
5966:
5956:
5955:
5925:
5924:
5913:Yellow jessamine
5894:
5893:
5863:
5862:
5852:
5851:
5831:
5830:
5800:
5799:
5749:
5748:
5688:
5687:
5657:
5656:
5625:Black-eyed susan
5606:
5605:
5511:
5510:
5500:
5499:
5483:
5482:
5452:
5451:
5445:Mirabilis jalapa
5420:California poppy
5381:
5380:
5345:
5338:
5331:
5322:
5321:
5317:
5309:
5307:"Magnolia"
5301:
5298:"Magnolia Trees"
5293:
5277:
5269:
5264:
5263:
5254:. Archived from
5243:
5180:
5143:
5141:
5134:
5124:
5105:
5076:
5070:
5062:
5043:
5024:
5005:
5003:
4988:
4978:
4959:
4958:
4956:
4955:
4946:. Archived from
4939:
4933:
4932:
4927:Maloney, Sarah.
4924:
4918:
4917:
4903:
4897:
4896:
4889:Feminist Studies
4884:
4878:
4877:
4867:
4834:
4828:
4827:
4817:
4785:
4779:
4778:
4750:
4744:
4743:
4733:
4699:
4693:
4692:
4682:
4665:(5): 1139–1148.
4650:
4644:
4643:
4614:
4608:
4607:
4597:
4587:
4563:
4557:
4556:
4539:(7–8): 724–731.
4527:
4521:
4520:
4510:
4470:
4464:
4463:
4461:
4460:
4445:
4439:
4438:
4420:
4414:
4413:
4395:
4389:
4372:
4366:
4349:
4343:
4326:
4320:
4310:
4304:
4294:
4288:
4287:
4278:
4254:
4245:
4244:
4225:
4219:
4218:
4216:
4214:
4209:on 12 March 2022
4198:
4189:
4188:
4148:
4142:
4133:
4127:
4108:
4102:
4101:
4065:
4059:
4058:
4022:
4016:
4015:
3975:
3969:
3962:
3956:
3949:
3943:
3936:
3930:
3923:
3917:
3910:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3900:
3894:
3883:
3874:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3859:. Archived from
3835:(1–4): 293–320.
3826:
3817:
3811:
3810:
3792:
3786:
3785:
3779:
3771:
3745:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3721:
3712:
3706:
3705:
3703:
3702:
3684:
3667:
3648:
3642:
3619:
3613:
3582:
3576:
3559:had to be named
3525:
3519:
3475:
3469:
3462:Talauma caerulea
3430:
3424:
3423:in this article.
3361:
3295:Lawrence Beitler
3156:after the album.
2947:is the official
2908:nuclear receptor
2832:(厚朴). In Japan,
2755:, the petals of
2341:
2334:
2330:circumscriptions
2186:
2185:
2132:
2131:
2125:
2124:
2099:
2098:
2073:
2072:
1980:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1947:
1946:
1939:
1938:
1885:
1884:
1877:
1876:
1794:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1779:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1683:extend into the
1553:mutatis mutandis
1309:Magnolia obovata
1159:Talauma plumieri
910:Magnolia biondii
887:
880:
869:
867:
857:
845:
834:
832:
822:
810:
796:
784:
770:
761:
760:
606:
598:
590:
582:
574:
566:
558:
550:
542:
534:
526:
518:
510:
502:
494:
486:
478:
470:
462:
454:
446:
438:
430:
422:
414:
406:
398:
390:
382:
374:
366:
358:
350:
343:Nees ex Blume
342:
334:
326:
237:
154:
153:
131:
121:
58:
57:Paleogene–Recent
54:Temporal range:
46:
45:
21:
6569:
6568:
6564:
6563:
6562:
6560:
6559:
6558:
6509:
6508:
6507:
6502:
6494:
6489:
6481:
6479:
6471:
6469:
6461:
6456:
6448:
6443:
6435:
6430:
6422:
6417:
6409:
6404:
6396:
6394:
6386:
6381:
6373:
6368:
6360:
6355:
6347:
6342:
6334:
6329:
6321:
6316:
6308:
6303:
6295:
6290:
6282:
6277:
6269:
6264:
6256:
6251:
6243:
6238:
6230:
6225:
6217:
6215:
6207:
6202:
6194:
6192:
6183:
6182:
6177:
6168:
6167:
6162:
6149:
6139:
6134:
6130:
6129:
6124:
6123:
6118:
6117:
6112:
6111:
6101:
6100:
6056:Paogo (Ulafala)
5964:
5963:
5953:
5952:
5922:
5921:
5891:
5890:
5882:Mountain laurel
5860:
5859:
5849:
5848:
5828:
5827:
5797:
5796:
5746:
5745:
5685:
5684:
5654:
5653:
5650:Dwarf lake iris
5603:
5602:
5508:
5507:
5497:
5496:
5480:
5479:
5449:
5448:
5440:Mountain laurel
5378:
5377:
5354:
5349:
5304:
5296:
5280:
5272:
5261:
5259:
5246:
5238:
5188:
5183:
5139:
5132:
5121:
5064:
5063:
5059:
5040:
5021:
5001:
4986:
4968:
4963:
4962:
4953:
4951:
4940:
4936:
4929:"Sarah Maloney"
4925:
4921:
4904:
4900:
4885:
4881:
4835:
4831:
4786:
4782:
4755:Pharmacol. Ther
4751:
4747:
4700:
4696:
4651:
4647:
4615:
4611:
4564:
4560:
4528:
4524:
4471:
4467:
4458:
4456:
4447:
4446:
4442:
4435:
4421:
4417:
4410:
4396:
4392:
4373:
4369:
4350:
4346:
4327:
4323:
4312:Richard Brook.
4311:
4307:
4295:
4291:
4255:
4248:
4226:
4222:
4212:
4210:
4199:
4192:
4149:
4145:
4136:4. Magnoliaceae
4134:
4130:
4109:
4105:
4082:10.2307/2657073
4066:
4062:
4039:10.2307/3558389
4023:
4019:
3976:
3972:
3963:
3959:
3950:
3946:
3937:
3933:
3924:
3920:
3911:
3907:
3898:
3896:
3892:
3881:
3875:
3871:
3863:
3824:
3818:
3814:
3807:
3793:
3789:
3773:
3772:
3760:
3746:
3742:
3734:
3719:
3713:
3709:
3700:
3698:
3686:
3685:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3670:
3649:
3645:
3620:
3616:
3583:
3579:
3526:
3522:
3478:Magnolia glauca
3476:
3472:
3431:
3427:
3377:Dugandiodendron
3362:
3358:
3353:
3341:
3321:
3303:Marion, Indiana
3238:Steel Magnolias
3233:Steel Magnolias
3231:The 1989 movie
3228:
3163:' debut album,
3133:David Sylvian's
3089:American Beauty
3073:Salvatore Adamo
3046:
3032:Steel Magnolias
3015:
3010:
2924:
2919:
2888:
2868:
2846:
2791:
2749:
2644:
2609:
2527:Manglietiastrum
2369:Dugandiodendron
2322:
2321:
2312:
2303:
2290:
2281:
2272:
2263:
2254:
2245:
2236:
2227:
2173:
2059:
2050:
2022:
1926:
1863:
1835:
1719:
1709:
1677:
1631:Tsoongiodendron
1611:Manglietiastrum
1563:Dugandiodendron
1551:The same goes,
1483:into the genus
1479:with the genus
1323:
1261:Systema Naturae
1182:Systema Naturae
1133:flowering trees
1089:William Sherard
1073:Charles Plumier
1020:
1015:
1010:
889:
888:
881:
861:
847:
846:
826:
812:
811:
786:
785:
759:
729:flowering plant
657:Central America
630:flowering plant
613:
580:Tsoongiodendron
452:Manglietiastrum
364:Dugandiodendron
318:
317:
261:
258:
236:
148:
122:
120:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
56:
55:
52:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6567:
6557:
6556:
6551:
6546:
6541:
6536:
6531:
6526:
6521:
6504:
6503:
6501:
6500:
6496:wfo-4000022860
6487:
6477:
6467:
6454:
6441:
6428:
6415:
6402:
6392:
6379:
6366:
6353:
6340:
6327:
6314:
6301:
6288:
6275:
6262:
6249:
6236:
6223:
6213:
6200:
6190:
6175:
6159:
6157:
6151:
6150:
6136:
6135:
6106:
6103:
6102:
6099:
6098:
6088:
6078:
6068:
6058:
6048:
6038:
6028:
6018:
6008:
5998:
5988:
5978:
5976:Bluebonnet sp.
5968:
5936:
5926:
5905:
5895:
5874:
5864:
5845:Indian blanket
5832:
5811:
5801:
5780:
5770:
5760:
5750:
5729:
5719:
5709:
5699:
5689:
5668:
5658:
5637:
5627:
5617:
5607:
5599:Louisiana iris
5586:
5576:
5566:
5556:
5546:
5532:
5522:
5512:
5484:
5471:Orange blossom
5463:
5453:
5432:
5422:
5412:
5402:
5392:
5382:
5360:
5359:
5356:
5355:
5348:
5347:
5340:
5333:
5325:
5319:
5318:
5302:
5294:
5278:
5270:
5244:
5236:
5226:
5217:
5207:
5197:
5187:
5186:External links
5184:
5182:
5181:
5144:
5125:
5119:
5106:
5077:
5057:
5044:
5038:
5025:
5019:
5006:
5004:on 1 May 2013.
4979:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4961:
4960:
4934:
4919:
4898:
4879:
4829:
4794:Mol. Pharmacol
4780:
4761:(2): 157–176.
4745:
4716:(6): 617–628.
4694:
4645:
4609:
4558:
4522:
4485:(3): 194–214.
4465:
4440:
4433:
4415:
4408:
4390:
4367:
4344:
4328:Roger Holmes.
4321:
4305:
4289:
4269:(5): 673–695,
4246:
4220:
4190:
4143:
4140:Flora of China
4128:
4103:
4076:(4): 717–728.
4060:
4017:
3970:
3965:Magnolia kobus
3957:
3944:
3931:
3918:
3905:
3869:
3866:on 2015-12-23.
3812:
3805:
3787:
3758:
3740:
3707:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3669:
3668:
3643:
3614:
3577:
3520:
3470:
3425:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3348:
3347:
3340:
3337:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3315:
3314:scrubbed off."
3291:
3290:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3286:
3283:
3277:
3274:
3266:
3265:
3246:
3243:Robert Harling
3227:
3224:
3223:
3222:
3215:
3208:
3193:
3182:
3175:
3168:
3161:Gang of Youths
3157:
3140:
3129:
3123:
3107:
3084:Sugar Magnolia
3076:
3069:
3062:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3040:
3037:
3028:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3005:
3004:
2992:
2980:
2940:
2929:Yulan magnolia
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2887:
2884:
2867:
2864:
2845:
2842:
2822:M. officinalis
2790:
2787:
2757:M. grandiflora
2748:
2745:
2741:M. macrophylla
2729:M. grandiflora
2686:M. grandiflora
2643:
2640:
2621:'Purple Queen'
2608:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2583:
2582:
2576:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2559:
2558:
2553:
2547:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2530:
2529:
2523:
2522:
2517:
2511:
2510:
2505:
2499:
2498:
2493:
2487:
2486:
2481:
2479:Rhytidospermum
2475:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2462:Rhytidospermum
2458:
2457:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2428:
2422:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2398:
2397:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2377:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2360:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2349:
2348:
2345:
2324:
2323:
2313:
2304:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2287:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2278:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2260:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2251:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2233:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2189:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2135:
2130:
2128:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2102:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2076:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2047:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1983:
1978:
1976:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1950:
1945:
1943:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1923:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1888:
1883:
1881:
1875:
1873:
1872:Clade II
1869:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1797:
1792:
1790:
1785:
1783:
1777:
1775:
1770:
1708:
1705:
1676:
1673:
1651:Flora of China
1492:
1491:
1490:(a big genus).
1473:
1458:
1457:has priority);
1390:DNA sequencing
1341:, which is of
1339:M. grandiflora
1322:
1319:
1314:Magnolia kobus
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
900:
899:
895:
894:
891:
890:
882:
875:
874:
871:
870:
853:
852:
849:
848:
840:
839:
836:
835:
818:
817:
814:
813:
805:
804:
801:
800:
792:
791:
788:
787:
779:
778:
775:
774:
766:
765:
758:
755:
615:
614:
612:
611:
610:
609:
601:
593:
585:
577:
569:
561:
553:
548:Sinomanglietia
545:
537:
529:
521:
516:Paramanglietia
513:
505:
497:
489:
481:
473:
465:
457:
449:
441:
433:
425:
417:
409:
401:
393:
385:
377:
369:
361:
353:
345:
337:
329:
315:
314:
313:
310:
309:
303:
302:
296:
295:
289:
288:
287:
286:
281:
276:
268:
267:
263:
262:
259:
250:
249:
243:
242:
229:
225:
224:
219:
215:
214:
209:
205:
204:
199:
192:
191:
186:
179:
178:
173:
166:
165:
160:
156:
155:
142:
141:
133:
132:
124:
123:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
53:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6566:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6516:
6514:
6497:
6492:
6488:
6484:
6478:
6474:
6468:
6464:
6459:
6455:
6451:
6446:
6442:
6438:
6433:
6429:
6425:
6420:
6416:
6412:
6407:
6403:
6399:
6393:
6389:
6384:
6380:
6376:
6371:
6367:
6363:
6358:
6354:
6350:
6345:
6341:
6337:
6332:
6328:
6324:
6319:
6315:
6311:
6306:
6302:
6298:
6293:
6289:
6285:
6280:
6276:
6272:
6267:
6263:
6259:
6254:
6250:
6246:
6241:
6237:
6233:
6228:
6224:
6220:
6214:
6210:
6205:
6201:
6197:
6191:
6186:
6180:
6176:
6171:
6165:
6161:
6160:
6158:
6156:
6152:
6148:
6143:
6109:
6104:
6097:
6094:
6093:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6083:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6073:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6063:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6053:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6043:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6033:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6023:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6013:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6003:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5993:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5983:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5973:
5969:
5962:
5961:
5951:
5950:
5945:
5942:
5941:
5937:
5935:
5934:Pasque flower
5932:
5931:
5927:
5920:
5919:
5914:
5911:
5910:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5900:
5896:
5889:
5888:
5883:
5880:
5879:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5869:
5865:
5858:
5857:
5847:
5846:
5841:
5840:Oklahoma rose
5838:
5837:
5833:
5826:
5825:
5820:
5817:
5816:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5806:
5802:
5795:
5794:
5793:Carolina lily
5789:
5786:
5785:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5775:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5765:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5755:
5751:
5744:
5743:
5738:
5735:
5734:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5724:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5714:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5704:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5694:
5690:
5683:
5682:
5677:
5674:
5673:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5663:
5659:
5652:
5651:
5646:
5645:Apple blossom
5643:
5642:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5632:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5622:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5612:
5608:
5601:
5600:
5595:
5592:
5591:
5587:
5585:
5582:
5581:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5571:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5561:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5551:
5547:
5545:
5541:
5538:
5537:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5527:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5517:
5513:
5506:
5505:
5504:Cherokee rose
5495:
5494:
5490:
5489:
5485:
5478:
5477:
5472:
5469:
5468:
5464:
5462:
5461:Peach blossom
5459:
5458:
5454:
5447:
5446:
5441:
5438:
5437:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5427:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5417:
5413:
5411:
5410:Apple blossom
5408:
5407:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5397:
5393:
5391:
5390:Forget-me-not
5388:
5387:
5383:
5376:
5375:
5370:
5367:
5366:
5362:
5361:
5357:
5353:
5346:
5341:
5339:
5334:
5332:
5327:
5326:
5323:
5315:
5314:
5308:
5303:
5299:
5295:
5291:
5287:
5283:
5279:
5275:
5271:
5268:
5258:on 2016-03-10
5257:
5253:
5249:
5245:
5241:
5237:
5234:
5231:
5227:
5224:
5221:
5218:
5215:
5212:
5208:
5205:
5202:
5198:
5196:
5194:
5190:
5189:
5178:
5174:
5170:
5166:
5162:
5158:
5155:(1–2): 1–15.
5154:
5150:
5145:
5138:
5131:
5126:
5122:
5120:0-571-09619-0
5116:
5112:
5107:
5103:
5099:
5095:
5091:
5087:
5083:
5078:
5074:
5068:
5060:
5058:7-5304-2765-2
5054:
5050:
5045:
5041:
5039:0-9517234-8-0
5035:
5031:
5026:
5022:
5020:0-88192-236-6
5016:
5012:
5007:
5000:
4996:
4992:
4985:
4980:
4976:
4971:
4970:
4950:on 2015-09-24
4949:
4945:
4938:
4930:
4923:
4915:
4911:
4910:
4902:
4894:
4890:
4883:
4875:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4857:
4853:
4849:
4845:
4841:
4833:
4825:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4807:
4803:
4800:(4): 559–66.
4799:
4795:
4791:
4784:
4776:
4772:
4768:
4764:
4760:
4756:
4749:
4741:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4723:
4719:
4715:
4711:
4710:
4705:
4698:
4690:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4672:
4668:
4664:
4660:
4656:
4649:
4641:
4637:
4633:
4629:
4625:
4621:
4613:
4605:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4577:
4573:
4569:
4562:
4554:
4550:
4546:
4542:
4538:
4534:
4526:
4518:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4500:
4496:
4492:
4488:
4484:
4480:
4476:
4469:
4454:
4450:
4444:
4436:
4434:0-9628087-2-5
4430:
4426:
4419:
4411:
4409:0-9628087-0-9
4405:
4401:
4394:
4388:
4385:
4384:9781624142055
4381:
4377:
4371:
4365:
4362:
4361:9781627885522
4358:
4354:
4348:
4342:
4339:
4338:9780618159079
4335:
4331:
4325:
4319:
4315:
4309:
4303:
4299:
4293:
4286:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4260:
4253:
4251:
4243:
4239:
4235:
4231:
4224:
4208:
4204:
4197:
4195:
4186:
4182:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4166:
4163:(1): 89–100.
4162:
4158:
4154:
4147:
4141:
4137:
4132:
4125:
4121:
4117:
4113:
4107:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4087:
4083:
4079:
4075:
4071:
4064:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4021:
4013:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3981:
3974:
3966:
3961:
3954:
3948:
3941:
3935:
3928:
3922:
3915:
3909:
3891:
3887:
3880:
3873:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3850:
3846:
3842:
3838:
3834:
3830:
3823:
3816:
3808:
3802:
3798:
3791:
3783:
3777:
3769:
3765:
3761:
3755:
3751:
3744:
3733:
3729:
3725:
3718:
3711:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3683:
3679:
3665:
3664:
3659:
3655:
3654:
3647:
3640:
3636:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3618:
3611:
3607:
3606:Magnolia figo
3603:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3581:
3574:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3524:
3517:
3516:
3511:
3510:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3496:
3491:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3474:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3429:
3422:
3418:
3414:
3413:sensu stricto
3410:
3407:s.l. (s.l. =
3406:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3369:morphological
3366:
3360:
3356:
3346:
3343:
3342:
3336:
3334:
3333:First Flowers
3325:
3312:
3311:New York Post
3308:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3284:
3281:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3271:
3270:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3254:Abel Meeropol
3251:
3250:Strange Fruit
3247:
3244:
3240:
3239:
3234:
3230:
3229:
3220:
3216:
3213:
3209:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3191:
3187:
3186:Doug Wamble's
3183:
3180:
3176:
3173:
3169:
3166:
3165:The Positions
3162:
3158:
3155:
3151:
3150:
3145:
3141:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3127:
3124:
3121:
3117:
3116:
3111:
3108:
3105:
3104:
3099:
3098:San Francisco
3095:
3094:Fillmore West
3091:
3090:
3085:
3081:
3080:Grateful Dead
3077:
3074:
3070:
3067:
3063:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3047:
3038:
3034:
3033:
3029:
3026:
3025:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3002:
2998:
2997:
2993:
2990:
2986:
2985:
2981:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2945:
2941:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2925:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2883:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2863:
2861:
2857:
2856:
2851:
2841:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2814:
2808:
2803:
2795:
2786:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2771:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2747:Culinary uses
2744:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2733:M. virginiana
2730:
2726:
2721:
2719:
2715:
2714:M. liliiflora
2711:
2707:
2702:
2701:Hybridisation
2698:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2687:
2682:
2681:
2680:M. virginiana
2676:
2675:
2671:
2666:
2665:
2660:
2653:
2648:
2637:
2636:
2632:
2627:
2620:
2619:
2618:Magnolia figo
2613:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2593:
2588:
2585:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2574:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2531:
2528:
2524:
2521:
2516:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2488:
2485:
2484:Rytidospermum
2482:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2459:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2416:
2413:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2378:
2375:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2346:
2344:Figlar (2012)
2342:
2339:
2333:
2331:
2320:
2316:
2311:
2307:
2301:
2297:
2292:
2285:
2284:
2276:
2275:
2267:
2266:
2258:
2257:
2249:
2248:
2240:
2239:
2231:
2230:
2222:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2168:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2068:Clade C
2067:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2054:
2053:
2045:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2036:
2030:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2017:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2010:Rytidospermum
2007:
2001:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1942:Clade B
1941:
1940:
1934:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1921:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1880:Clade A
1879:
1878:
1871:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1858:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1830:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1782:Clade I
1781:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1725:. Species of
1724:
1718:
1716:
1704:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1675:Fossil record
1672:
1670:
1666:
1665:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1583:
1578:
1574:
1573:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1516:and subgenus
1515:
1511:
1506:
1504:
1503:M. virginiana
1500:
1496:
1489:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1419:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1391:
1386:
1384:
1378:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1351:M. virginiana
1348:
1347:United States
1344:
1343:horticultural
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1318:
1316:
1315:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1301:
1300:Magnolia figo
1296:
1294:
1293:Magnolia coco
1289:
1288:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1233:
1229:now known as
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1194:
1193:
1188:
1184:
1183:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1169:Carl Linnaeus
1166:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1147:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1095:, a pupil of
1094:
1090:
1086:
1085:Pierre Magnol
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1065:
1060:
1051:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
989:
985:
983:
979:
975:
971:
966:
964:
960:
956:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
932:
926:
922:
918:
911:
906:
896:
886:
879:
872:
866:
859:
858:
854:
844:
837:
831:
824:
823:
819:
809:
802:
798:
797:
793:
783:
776:
772:
771:
767:
762:
754:
750:
749:
747:
742:
741:
736:
735:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
693:
689:specimens of
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
666:
665:South America
662:
658:
654:
653:North America
650:
646:
642:
638:
635:
631:
627:
623:
622:
605:
602:
597:
594:
589:
586:
581:
578:
573:
570:
565:
562:
557:
554:
549:
546:
541:
538:
533:
530:
525:
522:
517:
514:
509:
506:
501:
498:
493:
490:
485:
482:
477:
474:
469:
466:
461:
458:
453:
450:
445:
442:
437:
434:
429:
426:
421:
418:
413:
410:
405:
402:
397:
394:
389:
386:
381:
378:
373:
370:
365:
362:
357:
354:
349:
346:
341:
338:
333:
330:
325:
322:
321:
320:
319:
311:
308:
304:
301:
297:
294:
290:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
271:
269:
264:
257:
256:
251:
248:
244:
240:
235:
234:
230:
227:
226:
223:
220:
217:
216:
213:
210:
207:
206:
203:
200:
197:
194:
193:
190:
187:
184:
181:
180:
177:
176:Tracheophytes
174:
171:
168:
167:
164:
161:
158:
157:
152:
147:
143:
140:
139:
134:
130:
125:
118:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
51:
47:
44:
40:
33:
19:
6154:
6107:
6096:Yellow elder
6090:
6080:
6070:
6060:
6050:
6040:
6030:
6026:Rhododendron
6020:
6010:
6000:
5990:
5980:
5970:
5958:
5947:
5938:
5928:
5916:
5907:
5897:
5885:
5876:
5872:Oregon grape
5866:
5854:
5843:
5834:
5822:
5813:
5803:
5791:
5782:
5772:
5768:Yucca flower
5762:
5752:
5740:
5737:Purple lilac
5731:
5721:
5711:
5701:
5691:
5679:
5675:
5670:
5660:
5648:
5639:
5629:
5619:
5609:
5597:
5593:
5588:
5578:
5568:
5558:
5548:
5534:
5524:
5514:
5502:
5491:
5486:
5474:
5465:
5455:
5443:
5434:
5424:
5414:
5404:
5394:
5384:
5372:
5363:
5311:
5285:
5266:
5260:. Retrieved
5256:the original
5251:
5232:
5222:
5213:
5203:
5192:
5152:
5148:
5110:
5085:
5081:
5048:
5029:
5010:
4999:the original
4994:
4990:
4974:
4966:Bibliography
4952:. Retrieved
4948:the original
4937:
4922:
4907:
4901:
4892:
4888:
4882:
4847:
4843:
4832:
4797:
4793:
4783:
4758:
4754:
4748:
4713:
4707:
4697:
4662:
4658:
4648:
4623:
4619:
4612:
4575:
4571:
4561:
4536:
4532:
4525:
4482:
4478:
4468:
4457:. Retrieved
4455:. 2019-02-01
4452:
4443:
4424:
4418:
4399:
4393:
4375:
4370:
4352:
4347:
4329:
4324:
4313:
4308:
4297:
4292:
4266:
4262:
4258:
4233:
4229:
4223:
4211:. Retrieved
4207:the original
4160:
4156:
4146:
4139:
4131:
4123:
4119:
4115:
4111:
4106:
4073:
4069:
4063:
4030:
4026:
4020:
3987:
3983:
3979:
3973:
3964:
3960:
3952:
3947:
3939:
3934:
3926:
3921:
3913:
3908:
3897:. Retrieved
3885:
3872:
3861:the original
3832:
3828:
3815:
3796:
3790:
3749:
3743:
3727:
3723:
3710:
3699:. Retrieved
3694:
3692:Plum. ex L."
3689:
3682:
3661:
3657:
3651:
3646:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3617:
3609:
3605:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3585:
3580:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3548:
3544:
3541:P.J. Buc'hoz
3536:
3529:Desrousseaux
3523:
3513:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3493:
3492:was renamed
3489:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3445:
3433:
3428:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3364:
3359:
3332:
3330:
3310:
3292:
3279:
3236:
3232:
3204:
3197:Brian Fallon
3189:
3172:Thomas Rhett
3164:
3147:
3113:
3101:
3087:
3030:
3022:
2994:
2982:
2949:state flower
2942:
2932:
2889:
2869:
2859:
2853:
2850:M. acuminata
2849:
2847:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2821:
2819:
2768:
2756:
2750:
2740:
2737:M. tripetala
2736:
2732:
2728:
2725:M. acuminata
2724:
2722:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2699:
2694:
2690:
2685:
2679:
2673:
2669:
2662:
2658:
2656:
2634:
2630:
2616:
2598:
2591:
2586:
2580:Aromadendron
2579:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2555:
2550:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2526:
2519:
2514:
2507:
2502:
2495:
2490:
2483:
2478:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2454:
2449:
2442:
2437:
2430:
2425:
2418:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2392:
2387:
2380:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2337:
2327:
2318:
2314:
2309:
2305:
2299:
2295:
2215:
2211:
2210:
2196:
2192:
2191:
2161:
2157:
2156:
2142:
2138:
2137:
2109:
2105:
2104:
2083:
2079:
2078:
2038:
2034:
2033:
2009:
2005:
2004:
1990:
1986:
1985:
1957:
1953:
1952:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1895:
1891:
1890:
1851:
1847:
1846:
1823:
1819:
1818:
1804:
1800:
1799:
1761:
1757:
1747:monophyletic
1742:
1726:
1720:
1714:
1700:
1688:
1680:
1678:
1668:
1664:Liriodendron
1662:
1659:Magnoliaceae
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1627:Paramichelia
1626:
1622:
1618:
1615:Aromadendron
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1580:
1576:
1570:
1569:, and genus
1566:
1562:
1556:
1552:
1550:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1507:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1493:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1423:nomenclature
1420:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1397:
1387:
1382:
1379:
1375:M. acuminata
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1354:
1350:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1324:
1312:
1308:
1298:
1291:
1285:
1279:
1275:
1273:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1230:
1222:
1218:
1210:
1206:
1200:
1190:
1186:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1144:
1140:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1117:Mark Catesby
1112:
1100:
1080:
1062:
1058:
1056:
1038:
1026:
1001:
997:
986:
967:
936:Magnoliaceae
934:As with all
933:
929:
920:
909:
764:Stereo image
751:
744:
738:
732:
720:
696:
692:M. acuminata
690:
670:
669:
640:
637:Magnoliaceae
620:
619:
618:
603:
595:
587:
579:
571:
563:
556:Sphenocarpus
555:
547:
539:
531:
524:Paramichelia
523:
515:
508:Paramagnolia
507:
499:
491:
483:
476:Micheliopsis
475:
467:
460:Metamagnolia
459:
451:
443:
435:
427:
419:
411:
403:
395:
387:
379:
371:
363:
355:
347:
339:
332:Aromadendron
331:
323:
283:
278:
273:
253:
247:Type species
232:
231:
222:Magnoliaceae
195:
182:
169:
136:
49:
43:
6318:iNaturalist
6179:Wikispecies
6076:Flores mayo
6036:Wood violet
4374:Amy Renea.
3730:(45): 1–7.
3401:Pachylarnax
3389:Elmerrillia
3319:Visual arts
3205:Painkillers
3144:Songs: Ohia
2989:North Korea
2953:Mississippi
2876:Lepidoptera
2718:M. denudata
2710:soulangeana
2674:soulangeana
2664:M. stellata
2599:Elmerrillia
2556:Tulipastrum
2551:Tulipastrum
2443:Macrophylla
2438:Macrophylla
2374:Splendentes
2143:Tulipastrum
1915:Macrophylla
1805:Splendentes
1751:chloroplast
1707:Subdivision
1619:Woonyoungia
1607:Pachylarnax
1582:Elmerrillia
1363:M. denudata
1067:written by
1041:flowers in
1002:soulangeana
988:Taxonomists
978:monocolpate
757:Description
679:pollination
661:West Indies
643:species is
624:is a large
596:Woonyoungia
588:Tulipastrum
564:Svenhedinia
540:Santanderia
492:Pachylarnax
372:Elmerrillia
212:Magnoliales
189:Angiosperms
6513:Categories
5996:Red clover
5707:Bitterroot
5262:2011-04-01
4954:2015-02-19
4459:2021-09-04
4236:: 87–100,
3929:. London .
3916:. Paris. .
3899:2022-03-12
3701:2022-03-25
3674:References
3409:sensu lato
3397:Parakmeria
3381:Manglietia
3226:Literature
3179:Danny Vera
3051:Shawn Camp
3036:beginning.
2969:state tree
2931:(subgenus
2866:Other uses
2860:M. fraseri
2838:M. obovata
2691:tulip tree
2615:Flowering
2520:Gynopodium
2515:Gynopodium
2496:Manglietia
2491:Manglietia
2426:Auriculata
2355:Subsection
2310:Gynopodium
2110:Gynopodium
2039:Manglietia
1711:See also:
1687:, such as
1623:Alcimandra
1603:Parakmeria
1572:Manglietia
1077:Martinique
1053:Flower bud
968:The fruit
963:receptacle
687:Fossilized
599:Y.W.Law
575:A.Juss.
500:Parakmeria
455:Y.W.Law
444:Manglietia
423:Buc'hoz
324:Alcimandra
284:Gynopodium
266:Subgenera
202:Magnoliids
5986:Sego lily
5918:Goldenrod
5856:Mistletoe
5727:Sagebrush
5717:Goldenrod
5635:Mayflower
5584:Goldenrod
5574:Sunflower
5111:Magnolias
5067:cite book
4578:(1): 11.
4499:1673-1581
4285:216340359
4177:1674-4918
4118:subgenus
4012:206862607
3776:cite book
3573:chimaeras
3146:released
3142:In 2003,
3126:J.J. Cale
3120:Tom Petty
3055:Guy Clark
2957:Louisiana
2927:White or
2777:, leeks,
2761:condiment
2697:species.
2635:wieseneri
2431:Tuliparia
2412:Gwillimia
2407:Gwillimia
2402:Gwillimia
1896:Tuliparia
1852:Gwillimia
1731:subgenera
1693:Oligocene
1685:Paleogene
1508:Not many
1497:subgenus
1433:subgenus
1414:subgenus
1406:subgenus
1359:deciduous
1257:acuminata
1253:tripetala
1197:monotypic
1137:temperate
1105:taxonomic
1071:botanist
1057:The name
1045:, Germany
1043:Wiesbaden
982:Polygonum
925:Argentina
734:Amborella
685:instead.
551:Z.X.Yu
535:Kuntze
479:H.Keng
436:Liriopsis
428:Lirianthe
388:Gwillimia
380:Guillimia
367:Lozano
359:Adans.
348:Buergeria
293:Diversity
159:Kingdom:
6519:Magnolia
6480:VASCAN:
6463:40012123
6458:Tropicos
6216:BioLib:
6185:Magnolia
6164:Wikidata
6155:Magnolia
5697:Hawthorn
5681:Tickseed
5676:Magnolia
5594:Magnolia
5544:Milkweed
5476:Tickseed
5369:Camellia
5193:Magnolia
5177:26125303
5137:Archived
4874:23811337
4824:20064974
4775:21277893
4740:19116447
4689:19203212
4640:21853991
4604:18426577
4553:21501091
4517:28271656
4259:Magnolia
4185:91861708
4116:Magnolia
4112:Michelia
4098:11302859
4055:21669660
3980:Magnolia
3890:Archived
3857:25387251
3768:40781614
3732:Archived
3724:Magnolia
3690:Magnolia
3658:Magnolia
3610:Michelia
3598:Magnolia
3452:(1786).
3438:botanist
3417:Magnolia
3405:Magnolia
3385:Michelia
3365:Magnolia
3339:See also
3258:lynching
3188:2003 CD
3061:in 2002.
3059:The Dark
3024:Magnolia
2961:nickname
2951:of both
2937:Shanghai
2904:obovatol
2896:honokiol
2892:magnolol
2874:of some
2783:shiitake
2695:Magnolia
2659:Magnolia
2592:Michelia
2587:Michelia
2573:Maingola
2568:Maingola
2563:Michelia
2455:Magnolia
2450:Magnolia
2419:Blumiana
2381:Cubenses
2358:Section
2338:Magnolia
2300:Magnolia
2216:Michelia
2197:Maingola
1958:Magnolia
1762:Magnolia
1758:Magnolia
1743:Magnolia
1735:sections
1727:Magnolia
1715:Magnolia
1713:List of
1701:Michelia
1681:Magnolia
1669:Magnolia
1655:Magnolia
1647:Magnolia
1643:Magnolia
1639:Magnolia
1635:Michelia
1595:Michelia
1587:Michelia
1577:Magnolia
1567:Magnolia
1546:Magnolia
1542:Michelia
1538:Michelia
1522:Magnolia
1514:Magnolia
1510:Michelia
1499:Magnolia
1495:Magnolia
1485:Magnolia
1481:Magnolia
1477:Michelia
1475:to join
1470:Magnolia
1466:Michelia
1455:Michelia
1451:Magnolia
1443:Michelia
1441:to join
1431:Magnolia
1427:Michelia
1416:Magnolia
1412:Magnolia
1404:Magnolia
1399:Michelia
1383:Magnolia
1367:M. kobus
1335:Magnolia
1327:Magnolia
1276:Magnolia
1235:. Under
1215:synonymy
1207:Magnolia
1187:Magnolia
1177:Magnolia
1141:Magnolia
1129:Magnolia
1107:part of
1101:Magnolia
1059:Magnolia
1039:Magnolia
1008:Taxonomy
998:Magnolia
970:dehisces
940:perianth
921:Magnolia
740:Nymphaea
721:Magnolia
705:perianth
697:Magnolia
671:Magnolia
645:disjunct
641:Magnolia
621:Magnolia
607:Spach
591:Spach
559:Wall.
532:Sampacca
495:Dandy
468:Michelia
447:Blume
439:Spach
431:Spach
420:Lassonia
407:Dandy
383:Rchb.
375:Dandy
356:Champaca
335:Blume
327:Dandy
307:Synonyms
274:Magnolia
233:Magnolia
218:Family:
50:Magnolia
39:Mongolia
6473:5872627
6349:1307983
6336:25589-1
6297:2888195
6170:Q157017
6108:Italics
5286:NPR.org
5157:Bibcode
5102:2441921
4865:3790966
4815:3523390
4731:2679338
4680:2842137
4595:2359758
4508:5365644
4387:p. 173.
4364:p. 209.
4341:p. 118.
4318:p. 248.
4302:p. 217.
4120:Yulania
4090:2657073
4047:3558389
3992:Bibcode
3942:London.
3837:Bibcode
3533:Lamarck
3468:(1822).
3442:binomen
3373:Talauma
3001:Gangnam
2973:Houston
2933:Yulania
2922:Symbols
2917:Culture
2807:Kenosha
2753:England
2544:Yulania
2539:Yulania
2534:Yulania
2394:Talauma
2388:Talauma
2364:Talauma
2352:Section
2319:Yuliana
2162:Yuliana
2012:
1824:Talauma
1754:genomes
1717:species
1697:Guangxi
1661:except
1591:Yulania
1558:Talauma
1534:Yulania
1526:Yulania
1518:Yulania
1462:Yulania
1447:Yulania
1435:Yulania
1408:Yulania
1371:Yulania
1355:Yulania
1331:Yulania
1151:Lamarck
1115:and of
1081:talauma
1013:History
959:stamens
955:carpels
727:of the
683:beetles
604:Yulania
583:Chun
572:Talauma
567:Urb.
396:Houpoea
279:Yulania
228:Genus:
208:Order:
163:Plantae
6470:uBio:
6432:PLANTS
6411:288480
6395:NZOR:
6284:119452
6271:119452
6209:437233
6196:192353
6193:APDB:
5903:Violet
5758:Violet
5540:Violet
5493:Azalea
5175:
5117:
5100:
5055:
5036:
5017:
4872:
4862:
4822:
4812:
4773:
4738:
4728:
4687:
4677:
4638:
4602:
4592:
4551:
4515:
4505:
4497:
4431:
4406:
4382:
4359:
4336:
4283:
4230:Blumea
4213:27 May
4183:
4175:
4096:
4088:
4053:
4045:
4010:
3968:match.
3855:
3803:
3766:
3756:
3500:fœtida
3490:fœtida
3393:Kmeria
3219:Laufey
2902:, and
2872:larvae
2844:Timber
2834:kĹŤboku
2830:hou po
2781:, and
2779:daikon
2739:, and
2508:Kmeria
2503:Kmeria
2317:subg.
2308:subg.
2298:subg.
2214:sect.
2195:sect.
2160:sect.
2141:sect.
2108:sect.
2084:Kmeria
2082:sect.
2037:sect.
2008:sect.
1989:sect.
1956:sect.
1913:sect.
1894:sect.
1850:sect.
1822:sect.
1803:sect.
1629:, and
1599:Kmeria
1349:, and
1321:Recent
1269:glauca
1265:grisea
1255:, and
1249:grisea
1245:fœtida
1241:glauca
1225:, the
1223:fœtida
1173:Genera
1125:Genera
1097:Magnol
1069:French
1064:Genera
984:type.
974:pollen
952:adnate
948:whorls
944:tepals
938:, the
746:Lilium
717:petals
713:sepals
709:tepals
659:, the
634:family
404:Kmeria
340:Blumia
6437:MAGNO
6424:54614
6362:18069
6344:IRMNG
6323:82096
6258:1MAGG
6245:44478
6232:8VZ4K
5554:Peony
5173:S2CID
5140:(PDF)
5133:(PDF)
5098:JSTOR
5002:(PDF)
4987:(PDF)
4281:S2CID
4181:S2CID
4086:JSTOR
4043:JSTOR
4008:S2CID
3893:(PDF)
3882:(PDF)
3864:(PDF)
3853:S2CID
3825:(PDF)
3735:(PDF)
3720:(PDF)
3351:Notes
3241:, by
3044:Music
2765:Japan
2472:Oyama
2467:Oyama
1991:Oyama
1733:, 12
1637:into
1544:with
1267:with
1227:taxon
1221:var.
1135:from
1018:Early
701:bract
626:genus
527:Hu
484:Oyama
471:L.
412:Kobus
196:Clade
183:Clade
170:Clade
6483:1389
6445:POWO
6388:3402
6383:NCBI
6357:ITIS
6331:IPNI
6310:7165
6305:GRIN
6292:GBIF
6253:EPPO
6219:3404
6204:APNI
6086:Maga
5944:Iris
5778:Rose
5115:ISBN
5073:link
5053:ISBN
5034:ISBN
5015:ISBN
4895:: 2.
4870:PMID
4848:1830
4820:PMID
4771:PMID
4736:PMID
4685:PMID
4636:PMID
4600:PMID
4549:PMID
4513:PMID
4495:ISSN
4429:ISBN
4404:ISBN
4380:ISBN
4357:ISBN
4334:ISBN
4215:2020
4173:ISSN
4114:and
4094:PMID
4051:PMID
3801:ISBN
3782:link
3764:OCLC
3754:ISBN
3588:and
3551:and
3078:The
3066:Aceh
3053:and
3008:Arts
2965:flag
2955:and
2775:miso
2716:and
2708:. Ă—
2607:Uses
1589:and
1561:and
1536:and
1488:s.l.
1445:and
1429:and
1402:and
1365:and
1329:and
1297:and
1157:and
957:and
737:and
725:base
715:and
675:bees
649:Asia
316:List
62:Preęž’
6491:WFO
6370:NBN
6279:FoC
6266:FNA
6240:EoL
6227:CoL
5165:doi
5153:258
5090:doi
4860:PMC
4852:doi
4810:PMC
4802:doi
4763:doi
4759:130
4726:PMC
4718:doi
4675:PMC
4667:doi
4628:doi
4590:PMC
4580:doi
4541:doi
4503:PMC
4487:doi
4271:doi
4238:doi
4165:doi
4078:doi
4035:doi
4000:doi
3988:112
3845:doi
3833:222
3600:by
3535:'s
3531:in
3199:of
3096:in
1695:of
1421:As
1217:of
1149:by
1119:'s
1111:'s
976:is
681:by
6515::
6493::
6460::
6447::
6434::
6421::
6408::
6385::
6372::
6359::
6346::
6333::
6320::
6307::
6294::
6281::
6268::
6255::
6242::
6229::
6206::
6181::
6166::
6131:BC
6125:FE
6119:CH
6113:WF
6092:VI
6082:PR
6072:MP
6062:GU
6052:AS
6042:WY
6032:WI
6022:WV
6012:WA
6002:VA
5992:VT
5982:UT
5972:TX
5965:WF
5957:,
5954:WF
5946:,
5940:TN
5930:SD
5923:WF
5915:,
5909:SC
5899:RI
5892:BC
5884:,
5878:PA
5868:OR
5861:FE
5853:,
5850:WF
5842:,
5836:OK
5829:WF
5821:,
5815:OH
5805:ND
5798:WF
5790:,
5784:NC
5774:NY
5764:NM
5754:NJ
5747:WF
5739:,
5733:NH
5723:NV
5713:NE
5703:MT
5693:MO
5686:WF
5678:,
5672:MS
5662:MN
5655:WF
5647:,
5641:MI
5631:MA
5621:MD
5611:ME
5604:WF
5596:,
5590:LA
5580:KY
5570:KS
5560:IA
5550:IN
5542:,
5536:IL
5526:ID
5516:HI
5509:FE
5501:,
5498:WF
5488:GA
5481:WF
5473:,
5467:FL
5457:DE
5450:CH
5442:,
5436:CT
5426:CO
5416:CA
5406:AR
5396:AZ
5386:AK
5379:WF
5371:,
5365:AL
5310:.
5288:.
5284:.
5265:.
5250:.
5171:.
5163:.
5151:.
5096:.
5086:61
5084:.
5069:}}
5065:{{
4995:30
4993:.
4989:.
4912:.
4893:33
4891:.
4868:.
4858:.
4846:.
4842:.
4818:.
4808:.
4798:77
4796:.
4792:.
4769:.
4757:.
4734:.
4724:.
4714:40
4712:.
4706:.
4683:.
4673:.
4663:11
4661:.
4657:.
4634:.
4624:54
4622:.
4598:.
4588:.
4574:.
4570:.
4547:.
4537:14
4535:.
4511:.
4501:.
4493:.
4483:18
4481:.
4477:.
4451:.
4279:,
4267:58
4265:,
4249:^
4234:49
4232:,
4193:^
4179:.
4171:.
4161:58
4159:.
4155:.
4138:,
4092:.
4084:.
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