142:
2287:
2754:
1011:
2017:
1784:
2883:
1448:
2313:
2095:
2661:
1710:
1898:
1617:
1374:(PAN) legislators signed the charter. PAN politicians received criticism on social media that resulted with conflicts within the party. Shortly after participating with Vox, PAN politicians distanced themselves from signing the manifesto, while the party's official Twitter deleted an image of PAN members meeting with Vox representatives. Due to Vox's controversial visit, discussions occurred of Mexico possibly enforcing Article 33 of the
2852:
2152:
2069:
1674:
1820:
2354:
2728:
1643:
2043:
1023:
2121:
2687:
45:
3219:'s participation with Vox's initiative. She said: "It's beneficial for the far-right public. However, it generates liabilities especially for those citizens who have more tolerant ideas; ... it is negative for those citizens who have more progressive values, who have values in favor of human rights." Khemvirg Puente, a political scientist of the
3133:
During the 2nd
Regional Meeting of Foro Madrid was held in Lima in March 2023 and was virtually attended by Abascal, who described the Sao Paulo Forum and the Puebla Group as "criminal organizations". The forum also called for the ousting of Petro, who became president of Colombia, stating that the
1382:, the president of Mexico, declined this option by stating that "Mexico is a free country. I also say this so that if the gentleman of Vox, Abascal, wants to come again, he can do it. The doors of our country are open, they are always welcome. All foreigners, even if they are opponents."
1293:, one of the document's signatories, proposed in October 2021 that the signatories of the Madrid Charter establish an International Anti-Radical Left Coordination, stating that "what is happening in Colombia is no coincidence. The model of the antisocial outbreak is repeated in Chile."
1343:
said that signatures were necessary to counter "narcosocialism", arguing that "ll Latin
American countries are threatened by the same totalitarian project funded mainly by Venezuelan oil and drug trafficking", which Tertsch said was guided by Cuba. At the meetings in Ecuador,
1305:
and the Puebla Group, which the charter describes as an enemy and threat to freedom. The letter condemns leftist groups as being under the influence of Cuba, stating that they are "under the umbrella of the Cuban regime", describes part of the region as being "kidnapped by
3112:
protesters gathered to denounce the Madrid Forum, some chanting "Bogotá will be the tomb of fascism", with some individuals damaging the exterior of the hotel where the event occurred. Police dispersed the protesters and the forum accused leftist presidential candidate
3184:
wrote: "Fundamentalists (Catholics and
Evangelicals), neocons and ultra-liberals, right-wing populists and those nostalgic for military dictatorships make up the anti-communist alliance that the Spanish party Vox is weaving in Latin America." The
1288:
With over 8,000 signatories, including over 400 parliamentarians as of 2023, the charter was also signed by conservative and some ultraconservative, and far-right politicians from the
Americas and the Iberian Peninsula. Chilean politician
3166:
and "support the
Venezuelan people and condemn the lukewarm response of the international community, as well as to recover the spaces of freedom taken away by the criminal left and the non-left in the Western world".
4223:
1338:
Delegates of Vox travelled throughout Latin
America to promote and obtain signatures for the manifesto, meeting with politicians in Ecuador, Mexico, and Peru. While promoting the charter in Ecuador, Vox delegate
1140:. The Sao Paulo Forum "comprises political and social forces, from the Brazilian Workers' Party to the Communist Party of Cuba"; the Puebla Group consists of "a handful of leftist politicians" including
551:
3510:
1301:
In the document, signatories define two entities; the first is an allied
Iberosphere of nations holding the same roots to the Iberian Peninsula and the second are left-wing groups, such as the
3305:
3211:" declared by Vox and "a conservative offensive on what democratic advances that had or have begun in Latin America at the beginning of this century". Political scientist Kathy Zegarra of the
1277:, was a manifesto created on 26 October 2020 by the Disenso Foundation think tank of Vox. The document denounced left-wing organizations in Ibero-America, said these groups pose a threat to
3015:
2401:
3846:
2985:
1967:
4185:
2616:
2990:
1926:
2943:
2596:
3020:
2500:
4362:
4252:
2968:
3553:
3349:
4068:
2530:
2210:
2170:
1191:
alerts that countries “hijacked by communist-inspired totalitarian regimes, supported by drug trafficking, under the umbrella of the Cuban regime" have advanced communism.
2262:
1987:
1568:
2906:
2478:
1098:, was signed by "politicians and intellectuals from various countries in America" denouncing communism as a threat to democracy. Its more than 8,000 signatories included
2958:
1541:
2827:
2458:
2185:
2175:
3138:
was fraudulent, and alleged that he was aligned with drug traffickers and that Russia interfered with social networks to support him. Conservative
Peruvian newspaper
1916:
1843:
2792:
4040:
3065:
2257:
1858:
3879:
2916:
2542:
2267:
4337:
3910:
3482:
3010:
2995:
2641:
1982:
1740:
4124:
3080:
1921:
4308:
3265:
2606:
2384:
2611:
1972:
1931:
1553:
3050:
3005:
3000:
2581:
2029:
1728:
1873:
1558:
3189:
described the charter and Madrid Forum as "a first attempt to regroup the forces of the hard right" into a "Brown
International", and commented that the
3030:
2340:
2002:
1580:
1471:
2428:
1506:
3070:
2601:
2515:
2453:
2433:
3955:
2416:
1762:
2933:
2777:
2438:
2372:
2330:
1750:
1493:
1957:
1498:
4392:
3186:
3085:
2921:
2559:
2396:
1946:
1723:
1585:
1536:
2443:
2325:
1936:
1511:
4280:
2963:
2646:
2554:
2406:
1911:
1848:
1053:
1868:
1391:
wrote in an article discussing far-right alliances in the
Americas that members of Vox travelled to Peru to obtain signatures, with the parties
2901:
1992:
1137:
4224:"Vox | Colombia: Disturbios en Foro Madrid del partido de España que reúne a la derecha de América Latina en Bogotá | Hotel Radisson | MUNDO"
3045:
2869:
2864:
2335:
2252:
1878:
1595:
1531:
4535:
3231:, making it unattractive to voters. In Peru, prominent heads of businesses, especially in the mining industry, supported the Madrid Forum.
2237:
1977:
1357:
3453:
3193:
is "co-signed by parties and personalities of the extreme right that have nothing to do with Latin America or with the Spanish language."
4097:
3815:
3706:
3144:
described the meeting as an event "with some radicalisms for the grandstand and no narrative that promises change from the right", while
4195:
3388:
3150:
described it as a "meeting of the fascist extreme right", and cited Elisabeth Dulanto Baquerizo de Miró Quesada of the family that owns
4374:
3162:
The third meeting was held in September 2024 in Buenos Aires, featuring 40 speakers representing 15 countries with a theme to condemn
3535:
3322:
1132:
with a "permanent structure and an annual action plan", is to be "an alternative" to the "two Latin American leftist platforms, the
3220:
723:
507:
1314:", and says that leftist groups hold an "ideological agenda" to destabilize liberal governments. The letter cites respect for the
653:
3582:
3212:
1349:
4530:
4387:
2205:
3983:
3135:
3118:
1573:
882:
4012:
1046:
3178:
describes the Forum as "an alliance of right and far-right Spanish and Latin American lawmakers". The Spanish newspaper
683:
4560:
3612:
380:
2272:
1175:
of the Madrid Forum; it gathered more than 8,000 signers from throughout the world, with prominent signers Brazilian
1161:
4520:
3224:
2200:
1379:
1353:
1203:
738:
2222:
3658:
3122:
2973:
1229:
837:
437:
358:
4419:
3678:
3511:"Qué es la Carta de Madrid, el documento que firmaron senadores del PAN y desató la polémica con el partido VOX"
708:
447:
4585:
4570:
1371:
1039:
125:
17:
3108:
The 1st Regional Meeting of Foro Madrid was held in Bogotá in February 2022. At the meeting, a group of fifty
2535:
2227:
2215:
482:
353:
4545:
3679:"La derecha dura española descubrió América | El grupo Vox busca crear una internacional en la "iberoesfera""
801:
2483:
633:
4580:
4575:
2767:
1546:
1396:
827:
2165:
1145:
467:
4525:
3422:
3075:
2787:
1796:
764:
2190:
930:
412:
4565:
1129:
960:
796:
2980:
2242:
1833:
1801:
4555:
4550:
4363:
Total condemnation of Maduro, calls for unity and support for Trump: The Madrid Forum in Buenos Aires
2547:
1863:
774:
769:
3483:"Foro Madrid, la nueva entidad que busca frenar al Foro de Sao Paulo en la región, incluso en Chile"
3306:
Spanish and Latin American right-wing politicians found Madrid Forum to counter leftist Puebla group
2520:
2411:
693:
497:
4375:
https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20230503-spain-s-far-right-mps-snub-visiting-colombian-leader
2938:
2817:
1103:
978:
847:
812:
718:
561:
3117:
of organizing the protests. During the event, the forum emphasized the importance of the upcoming
1378:, which grants the expulsion of foreign individuals for interfering in Mexican political affairs.
950:
743:
522:
2586:
822:
658:
3223:, said that the participation of PAN politicians in the charter was a way for Mexican president
3025:
2389:
1745:
487:
4540:
4013:"Militares en retiro con discursos extremistas se vinculan a políticos para apoyar la vacancia"
3847:"'En Perú no deberían preocuparse': expertas trazan la naciente influencia de Vox en la región"
3240:
1375:
983:
832:
703:
417:
231:
4073:
4045:
3851:
3055:
2631:
2626:
1412:
4281:"La arenga de Rafael López Aliaga durante el Foro Madrid en Lima: "¡Viva Vox, viva el Perú!""
4157:
3617:
2525:
2247:
1733:
1099:
1087:
779:
713:
603:
216:
4338:"La derecha: mucho dato, poco relato. Crónica sobre sobre el Foro Madrid en Lima | POLITICA"
2180:
1206:
and establish ties in America. In March 2019, Abascal tweeted an image of himself wearing a
733:
618:
432:
4041:"Sociólogo tras reunión de Vox con Fujimori: Se abrazan con quien intentó un golpe en Perú"
2468:
2195:
1476:
1319:
866:
678:
648:
452:
368:
303:
185:
3938:
Salazar, Diego (30 September 2021). "La redención de la derecha peruana no pasa por VOX".
2948:
2505:
1691:
1686:
1416:
1290:
1141:
945:
940:
598:
8:
4253:"Atacan hotel donde se realizaba Foro de Madrid organizado por VOX en el norte de Bogotá"
3940:
1590:
1015:
988:
893:
668:
613:
541:
472:
348:
238:
221:
4152:
3387:
González, Miguel; Galarraga Gortázar, Naiara; Rivas Molina, Federico (18 October 2021).
2709:
2421:
1767:
1521:
1419:, also participated in discussions and signed the charter. Additionally, Vox created an
427:
4461:[Vox as Representative of the Radical Right in Spain: A study of its Ideology]
4459:"Vox como representante de la derecha radical en España: un estudio sobre su ideología"
4445:
3711:
3139:
2896:
2490:
2377:
2232:
1997:
1755:
925:
842:
663:
457:
4186:"Los empresarios aliados del Foro Madrid, el encuentro de la extrema derecha fascista"
2055:
1326:. It called for scholars, the media, and other groups to uphold the objectives of the
1302:
1133:
4484:
4449:
4125:"Los organizadores del evento conservador del año en Estados Unidos apoyan a Abascal"
3151:
2926:
2772:
2463:
2448:
2138:
2081:
1806:
1660:
1488:
1483:
1466:
1278:
1240:
1184:
1176:
1111:
1091:
817:
806:
512:
363:
298:
256:
192:
4458:
3163:
623:
462:
4474:
4435:
3427:
3227:
to confirm his rhetoric against the party and that this act moved the party to the
2714:
2510:
2107:
1370:
In Mexico, the visit and signature collection event by Vox caused controversy when
1323:
1311:
1264:
1199:
1071:
643:
628:
593:
502:
477:
442:
320:
315:
2673:
2576:
2569:
141:
4309:""La elección de Gustavo Petro como presidente debe anularse": el Foro de Madrid"
4129:
3458:
2911:
2802:
2782:
2740:
2699:
2495:
2299:
1951:
1883:
1838:
1420:
1408:
1345:
1340:
1216:
1207:
920:
492:
375:
261:
173:
4502:
3782:
2704:
1224:
mood of Vox and its ideology far from Spain". On 3 March 2020, Abascal met with
226:
3911:"Expresidente mexicano ve a la cúpula del PAN "extraviada" por reunión con Vox"
3816:"Vox alerta en Ecuador contra expansión del 'narcosocialismo' en la Iberosfera"
3554:"Vox estrecha lazos con derecha peruana y suma firmas a su pacto anticomunista"
3216:
2832:
2621:
2591:
2473:
2367:
2133:
1941:
1696:
1629:
1600:
1563:
1461:
1404:
1180:
1079:
728:
343:
63:
3880:"El apoyo al partido español Vox debilita todavía más a la oposición mexicana"
517:
4514:
4488:
3649:
3114:
3040:
3035:
2837:
2759:
1962:
1400:
1392:
1362:
1202:
using his good relations with the administration to build support within the
1194:
Vox introduced the project to the government of then United States president
1153:
1124:
698:
673:
571:
276:
167:
74:
4017:
3988:
2564:
1387:
935:
688:
4504:
Carta de Madrid: en defensa de la libertad y la democracia en la Iberosfera
4153:"Los organizadores del evento conservador del año en Estados Unidos apoyan"
3208:
3204:
2822:
2797:
1853:
1516:
1415:
signing the document. Peruvian business executives, including the owner of
1307:
1269:
Carta de Madrid: en defensa de la libertad y la democracia en la Iberosfera
1225:
1221:
1211:
1195:
1027:
638:
608:
422:
3683:
3487:
3195:
3266:"Abascal promueve una carta con políticos americanos contra el comunismo"
3200:
3125:, saying a threat of "narco-communist threat" loomed over Latin America.
2953:
2636:
2292:
2022:
1526:
1315:
1157:
1149:
1107:
293:
271:
210:
4479:
3323:"Foro Madrid se desarrolla en Lima con grupos y congresistas de derecha"
1220:
wrote that this event provided a narrative that "symbolizes in part the
4440:
4388:"Towards the Brown International of the European and global far right?"
3354:
2812:
2807:
1789:
1083:
310:
282:
3393:
3386:
3180:
1260:
Madrid Charter: In Defense of Freedom and Democracy in the Iberosphere
901:
3707:"What's With All the Imperial Spanish Flags in Peru (and Elsewhere)?"
3228:
3175:
2888:
1655:
1453:
1282:
1172:
872:
325:
266:
180:
156:
3956:"López Obrador abre las puertas de México a una nueva visita de Vox"
388:
3109:
2666:
2318:
2100:
1715:
203:
1082:
organization created on 26 October 2020 by the Disenso Foundation
4285:
4257:
4069:"Partido de ultraderecha Vox busca reclutar integrantes peruanos"
3454:"La última cruzada de Vox: combatir el comunismo en Iberoamérica"
3154:
as one of the attenders; her company helped to host the meeting.
2857:
1903:
1622:
993:
197:
161:
1423:
initiative in Peru to gather signatures from Peruvian citizens.
4431:
4313:
3654:
2733:
2157:
2074:
2048:
1648:
1236:
288:
85:
44:
3984:"Poderes no santos: alianzas de ultraderecha en Latinoamérica"
3350:"Vox: Las redes de la ultraderecha española en América Latina"
1352:
Fernando Donoso signed the document along with members of the
4190:
3583:"Quiénes son los amigos internacionales de José Antonio Kast"
3536:
Vox’s International Agenda Brings ECR Closer To Latin America
3146:
2692:
2126:
1679:
955:
89:
3423:"Vox abre otro frente de disputa con el PP en Latinoamérica"
2359:
1825:
877:
791:
394:
110:
3960:
3915:
3884:
3820:
3581:
Almeida, Andrés; Velásquez, Francisco (24 October 2021).
3558:
3270:
1198:
while visiting the United States in February 2019, with
3389:"Vox teje una alianza anticomunista en América Latina"
1247:
presented as an online document on 26 October 2020.
77:
network of Right political parties and organisations
3613:"El Régimen niega haber firmado la Carta de Madrid"
1128:, the aim of the Madrid Forum, an anti-communist
4512:
4420:"Las causas del apoyo electoral a VOX en españa"
4393:Committee for the Abolition of Illegitimate Debt
3580:
3187:Committee for the Abolition of Illegitimate Debt
1235:The Madrid Forum was to hold its first event in
1232:, to discuss the creation of the Madrid Forum.
4417:
4222:PERÚ, NOTICIAS EL COMERCIO (18 February 2022).
3347:
3301:
3299:
3297:
3295:
3293:
3291:
3289:
1047:
4123:Ballesteros, Roberto R. (26 February 2021).
4336:PERÚ, NOTICIAS EL COMERCIO (1 April 2023).
4194:(in Spanish). 14 April 2023. Archived from
4122:
3286:
4095:
1385:Peruvian investigative journalism website
1239:in June 2020; it was cancelled due to the
1054:
1040:
43:
4478:
4439:
4385:
1310:communist-inspired regimes, supported by
4456:
3480:
3420:
3320:
3221:National Autonomous University of Mexico
4261:(in European Spanish). 18 February 2022
3937:
3704:
3676:
3642:
3640:
3638:
3636:
3128:
3103:
14:
4513:
4247:
4245:
4217:
4215:
4213:
4180:
4178:
4176:
4010:
3905:
3903:
3874:
3872:
3870:
3777:
3775:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3767:
3765:
3763:
3761:
3759:
3757:
3755:
3753:
3751:
3749:
3274:(in European Spanish). 26 October 2020
3213:Pontifical Catholic University of Peru
1110:of Peru, and other representatives of
3841:
3839:
3810:
3808:
3806:
3804:
3747:
3745:
3743:
3741:
3739:
3737:
3735:
3733:
3731:
3729:
3672:
3670:
3668:
3610:
3606:
3604:
3548:
3546:
3544:
3421:Carvajal, Álvaro (27 December 2020).
3316:
3314:
1086:of the right Spanish political party
4467:Revista Española de Ciencia Política
4386:Mitralias, Yorgos (5 October 2022).
4335:
4289:(in European Spanish). 30 March 2023
4221:
3633:
3538:, The Conservative, 28 December 2023
3448:
3446:
3416:
3414:
3412:
3382:
3380:
3378:
3376:
3374:
3372:
3260:
3258:
3256:
3136:2022 Colombian presidential election
3119:2022 Colombian presidential election
883:Francisco Franco National Foundation
4536:Far-right politics in South America
4379:
4242:
4210:
4173:
4011:Cabral, Ernesto (12 January 2021).
3900:
3867:
3705:Moncada, Andrea (25 October 2021).
24:
4096:Espectador, El (31 October 2021).
3836:
3801:
3726:
3677:Teruggi, Marco (20 October 2021).
3665:
3601:
3541:
3348:Fernanda Rojas (23 October 2021).
3341:
3321:Valencia, Martha (29 March 2023).
3311:
25:
4597:
4496:
3443:
3409:
3369:
3253:
3207:, described the initiative as a "
2464:Elizabeth Dulanto de Miró Quesada
1250:
4418:Arroyo Menéndez, Millán (2020).
3653:. Vol. 9270, no. 441.
3481:Avendaño, Emily (4 March 2020).
3308:. The Rio Times, 19 October 2021
2881:
2850:
2752:
2726:
2685:
2659:
2352:
2311:
2285:
2206:María Guadalupe Saldaña Cisneros
2150:
2119:
2093:
2067:
2041:
2015:
1896:
1818:
1782:
1708:
1672:
1641:
1615:
1446:
1021:
1009:
140:
4368:
4356:
4329:
4301:
4273:
4145:
4116:
4089:
4061:
4049:(in Spanish). 25 September 2021
4033:
4004:
3976:
3948:
3931:
3698:
3659:The Economist Intelligence Unit
3611:Oñate, Sara (8 November 2021).
3574:
3562:(in Spanish). 27 September 2021
3529:
3462:(in Spanish). 26 September 2021
3123:2022 Brazilian general election
1230:Organization of American States
838:Regionalist League of Catalonia
359:Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera
4411:
3992:(in Spanish). 14 November 2021
3964:(in Spanish). 6 September 2021
3919:(in Spanish). 3 September 2021
3661:. 6 November 2021. p. 49.
3503:
3474:
3157:
2617:Noelia Rossvith Herrera Medina
1426:
13:
1:
4077:(in Spanish). 25 October 2021
3855:(in Spanish). 12 October 2021
3246:
2402:Ángel Guillermo Delgado Silva
2223:Juan Antonio Martín del Campo
1430:
1117:
802:Democratic Union of Catalonia
4531:Far-right politics in Europe
2969:Enrique Aristeguieta Gramcko
2273:Víctor Oswaldo Fuentes Solís
1968:Jairo Darío Lalaleo Valencia
1350:Minister of National Defense
1333:
1162:José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero
7:
4317:(in Spanish). 11 March 2023
3234:
3225:Andrés Manuel López Obrador
3170:
3098:
2637:Vanya Melissa Thais Iriarte
2228:Julen Rementería del Puerto
2201:Guadalupe Murguía Gutiérrez
1797:Dragos Dolanescu Valenciano
1380:Andrés Manuel López Obrador
1228:, Secretary General of the
27:Anti-communist organization
10:
4602:
2501:Fernando Cálmele del Solar
2263:Roberto Juan Moya Clemente
1988:Martha Cecilia Villafuerte
1296:
1130:international organization
448:Fernández de la Mora y Mon
4561:Politics of South America
4457:Ferreira, Carles (2019).
3824:(in Spanish). 28 May 2021
2166:Alejandra Reynoso Sánchez
1864:Orlando Gutierrez-Boronat
1146:Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
775:Spanish Catholic Movement
552:The Dehumanization of Art
105:
95:
81:
70:
59:
51:
42:
37:
3647:"Spooked by Venezuela".
3431:(in Spanish). p. 14
2597:Miguel Santamaría Dávila
2531:Javier González-Olaechea
2459:Elizabeth Du-Bois Curcio
2211:Indira Rosales San Román
2191:Fernando Rodríguez Doval
2171:América Rangel Lorenzana
848:Traditionalist Communion
813:Liberal Republican Right
765:Navarrese People's Union
562:The Revolt of the Masses
354:1923 Spanish coup d'état
4521:Anti-communism in Spain
4365:, Voz, 7 September 2024
2981:Humberto Calderón Berti
2587:Juan Carlos Lizarzaburu
2479:Ernesto Álvarez Miranda
2243:Minerva Hernández Ramos
1834:Alejandro González Raga
1802:Fabricio Alvarado Muñoz
1016:Conservatism portal
3241:Conservative Manifesto
2917:Aquiles Martini Pietri
2543:Jorge Montoya Manrique
2521:Hernando Guerra García
2412:Carmen Patricia Juárez
1376:Constitution of Mexico
1354:Social Christian Party
1348:'s recently-nominated
984:Sociological Francoism
4586:Vox (political party)
4571:Politics of Venezuela
3081:Vladimir Petit Medina
2526:Javier Bedoya Denegri
2248:Nadia Navarro Acevedo
1917:André Santos Espinoza
1844:Dulce Canal Hernández
1372:National Action Party
1271:), also known as the
1100:Venezuelan opposition
979:Immigration and crime
951:Revista Contemporánea
217:Political Catholicism
134:Conservatism in Spain
4546:Political manifestos
3203:newspaper edited in
3129:2nd Regional Meeting
3104:1st Regional Meeting
3066:Omar González Moreno
3026:María Corina Machado
2607:Nelson Roberto Pardo
2469:Enrique Ghersi Silva
2258:Raúl Torres Guerrero
2196:Gina Cruz Blackledge
1859:Léo Juvier-Hendrickx
1746:María Fernanda Cabal
1320:separation of powers
1214:. Spanish newspaper
1114:from Latin America.
186:National Catholicism
4581:Right-wing populism
4576:Right-wing politics
4507:– Fundación Disenso
4480:10.21308/recp.51.03
4424:Política y Sociedad
3941:The Washington Post
3011:Juan Carlos Bolívar
2996:Jesús Petit DaCosta
2642:Victor Andrés Ponce
2632:Rosangella Barbarán
2627:Rafael López Aliaga
2612:Nestor Quizpez-Asin
2186:Elsa Méndez Álvarez
1983:Mario Pazmiño Silva
1973:Luis Espinosa Goded
1932:Esteban Torres Cobo
1741:María Clara Escobar
1591:Victoria Villarruel
1413:Rafael López Aliaga
989:Spanish irredentism
894:Movimiento Nacional
542:Liberalism is a Sin
349:Bourbon Restoration
239:Spanish nationalism
222:Christian democracy
34:
4526:Far-right politics
4441:10.5209/poso.69206
4161:. 26 February 2021
4098:"ELESPECTADOR.COM"
3712:Americas Quarterly
3517:. 3 September 2021
3001:Johanna Montenegro
2897:Alberto Franceschi
2582:Juan Bosco Hermoza
2491:Ernesto Bustamante
2233:Marco Antonio Gama
2181:Eduardo Verástegui
2030:Alejandrina Castro
1998:Otto Sonnenholzner
1729:Margarita Restrepo
1274:Letter from Madrid
843:Spanish Renovation
797:Conservative Party
32:
4566:Politics of Spain
3787:Fundación Disenso
3783:"Carta de Madrid"
3152:El Comercio Group
3096:
3095:
3031:Melquiades Pulido
3016:Juan Pablo García
2986:Humberto González
2949:Dignora Hernández
2818:Lorenzo Montanari
2773:Alejandro Chafuen
2768:Alberto Fernández
2506:Fernando Cillóniz
2449:Diethell Columbus
2385:Alejandro Muñante
2268:Sarai Nuñez Cerón
2139:Nicola Procaccini
2082:Emmanouil Fragkos
2003:Pedro Pablo Duart
1807:Otto Guevara Guth
1692:José Antonio Kast
1687:Andrés Barrientos
1661:Eduardo Bolsonaro
1581:Paola Michielotto
1503:Francisco Sánchez
1489:Carla Piccolomini
1484:Alfredo Schiavoni
1472:Alejandro Fargosi
1467:Alejandro Chafuen
1417:Willax Televisión
1291:José Antonio Kast
1279:liberal democracy
1241:COVID-19 pandemic
1185:Jose Antonio Kast
1177:Eduardo Bolsonaro
1142:Alberto Fernández
1112:political parties
1092:founding document
1064:
1063:
941:Heraldo de Aragón
828:People's Alliance
807:FET y de las JONS
634:Fernández-Miranda
364:Spanish Civil War
119:
118:
16:(Redirected from
4593:
4556:Politics of Peru
4551:Politics of Cuba
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4102:ELESPECTADOR.COM
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2710:Rocío Monasterio
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2434:Dardo Lopez-Dolz
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2108:Mauricio Villeda
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2044:
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2019:
2018:
1922:César E. Benítez
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1397:Hernando de Soto
1366:
1324:private property
1312:drug trafficking
1204:Republican Party
1200:Santiago Abascal
1104:Cuban dissidents
1056:
1049:
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1028:Spain portal
1026:
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1024:
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321:Spanish unionism
316:Social hierarchy
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4130:El Confidencial
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3090:
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2991:Ignacio de León
2971:
2934:Carlos Bastardo
2924:
2912:Antonio Ledezma
2907:Álvaro Guerrero
2882:
2880:
2851:
2849:
2842:
2803:Grover Norquist
2783:Terry Schilling
2778:Alfonso Aguilar
2753:
2751:
2741:Charlie Weimers
2727:
2725:
2700:Hermann Tertsch
2686:
2684:
2660:
2658:
2651:
2567:
2545:
2533:
2496:Fabiola Morales
2481:
2439:Diana Seminario
2419:
2387:
2375:
2373:Aldo Mariategui
2353:
2351:
2331:Hugo Vera Ojeda
2312:
2310:
2300:Derk Jan Eppink
2286:
2284:
2277:
2213:
2151:
2149:
2120:
2118:
2094:
2092:
2068:
2066:
2056:Marion Maréchal
2042:
2040:
2016:
2014:
2007:
1952:Guillermo Lasso
1897:
1895:
1888:
1874:Rosa Maria Payá
1839:Antonio Rodiles
1819:
1817:
1783:
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1751:Paloma Valencia
1731:
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1559:Martín Pugliese
1544:
1494:David Schlereth
1474:
1447:
1445:
1429:
1421:e-participation
1409:Popular Renewal
1360:
1346:Guillermo Lasso
1341:Hermann Tertsch
1336:
1303:São Paulo Forum
1299:
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1134:São Paulo Forum
1120:
1060:
1022:
1020:
1010:
1008:
1001:
1000:
974:
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867:Acción Española
861:
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823:Patriotic Union
757:
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589:
581:
580:
575:
565:
555:
545:
536:
528:
527:
488:Ortega y Gasset
443:d'Ors (Eugenio)
418:Aznar Zubigaray
408:
400:
399:
381:Art and culture
376:Francoist Spain
339:
331:
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252:
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174:Carlo-francoism
152:
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98:
55:26 October 2020
28:
23:
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11:
5:
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4509:
4508:
4498:
4497:External links
4495:
4494:
4493:
4469:(in Spanish).
4454:
4413:
4410:
4407:
4406:
4378:
4367:
4355:
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4198:on 30 May 2023
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3191:Madrid Charter
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3164:Nicolás Maduro
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1944:
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1551:
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1537:Karina Mariani
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1405:Keiko Fujimori
1335:
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1328:Madrid Charter
1298:
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1252:Madrid Charter
1249:
1245:Madrid Charter
1181:Keiko Fujimori
1169:Madrid Charter
1119:
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1096:Madrid Charter
1080:anti-communist
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833:Popular Action
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691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
596:
590:
587:
586:
583:
582:
579:
578:
568:
558:
548:
537:
534:
533:
530:
529:
526:
525:
520:
515:
510:
505:
500:
495:
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
460:
455:
450:
445:
440:
438:d'Ors (Álvaro)
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
409:
406:
405:
402:
401:
398:
397:
392:
385:
384:
383:
373:
372:
371:
361:
356:
351:
346:
344:Spanish Empire
340:
337:
336:
333:
332:
329:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
307:
306:
296:
291:
286:
279:
274:
269:
264:
259:
257:Anti-communism
253:
250:
249:
246:
245:
242:
241:
236:
235:
234:
232:Traditionalism
229:
227:Neocatholicism
224:
214:
207:
200:
195:
190:
189:
188:
178:
177:
176:
171:
159:
153:
150:
149:
146:
145:
137:
136:
130:
129:
117:
116:
107:
103:
102:
99:
97:Region served
96:
93:
92:
83:
79:
78:
75:Ibero-American
72:
68:
67:
64:Anti-communist
61:
57:
56:
53:
49:
48:
40:
39:
26:
18:Madrid Charter
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4598:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4541:Ibero-America
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4518:
4516:
4506:
4505:
4501:
4500:
4490:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4473:(51): 73–98.
4472:
4468:
4460:
4455:
4451:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4433:
4429:
4425:
4421:
4416:
4415:
4395:
4394:
4389:
4382:
4376:
4371:
4364:
4359:
4343:
4339:
4332:
4316:
4315:
4310:
4304:
4288:
4287:
4282:
4276:
4260:
4259:
4254:
4248:
4246:
4229:
4225:
4218:
4216:
4214:
4197:
4193:
4192:
4187:
4181:
4179:
4177:
4160:
4159:
4154:
4148:
4132:
4131:
4126:
4119:
4103:
4099:
4092:
4076:
4075:
4070:
4064:
4048:
4047:
4042:
4036:
4020:
4019:
4014:
4007:
3991:
3990:
3985:
3979:
3963:
3962:
3957:
3951:
3943:
3942:
3934:
3918:
3917:
3912:
3906:
3904:
3887:
3886:
3881:
3875:
3873:
3871:
3854:
3853:
3848:
3842:
3840:
3823:
3822:
3817:
3811:
3809:
3807:
3805:
3788:
3784:
3778:
3776:
3774:
3772:
3770:
3768:
3766:
3764:
3762:
3760:
3758:
3756:
3754:
3752:
3750:
3748:
3746:
3744:
3742:
3740:
3738:
3736:
3734:
3732:
3730:
3714:
3713:
3708:
3701:
3686:
3685:
3680:
3673:
3671:
3669:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3651:
3650:The Economist
3643:
3641:
3639:
3637:
3620:
3619:
3614:
3607:
3605:
3588:
3587:Interferencia
3584:
3577:
3561:
3560:
3555:
3549:
3547:
3545:
3537:
3532:
3516:
3512:
3506:
3490:
3489:
3484:
3477:
3461:
3460:
3455:
3449:
3447:
3430:
3429:
3424:
3417:
3415:
3413:
3396:
3395:
3390:
3383:
3381:
3379:
3377:
3375:
3373:
3357:
3356:
3351:
3344:
3328:
3324:
3317:
3315:
3307:
3302:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3294:
3292:
3290:
3273:
3272:
3267:
3261:
3259:
3257:
3252:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3232:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3197:
3192:
3188:
3183:
3182:
3177:
3168:
3165:
3155:
3153:
3149:
3148:
3143:
3142:
3137:
3126:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3115:Gustavo Petro
3111:
3092:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3061:
3057:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3041:Nafir Morales
3039:
3037:
3036:Milos Alcalay
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3021:Luis Barragán
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2975:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2964:Edwin Luzardo
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2939:Carlos Ortega
2937:
2935:
2932:
2928:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2879:
2878:
2875:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2848:
2847:
2844:
2839:
2838:Roger Noriega
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2828:Mike González
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2788:Dan Schneider
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2760:United States
2750:
2749:
2746:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2724:
2723:
2720:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2683:
2682:
2679:
2675:
2674:André Ventura
2672:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2657:
2656:
2653:
2648:
2647:Yorry Warthon
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2577:José Williams
2575:
2571:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2555:Jorge Villena
2553:
2549:
2544:
2541:
2537:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2485:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2423:
2418:
2417:César Combina
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2407:Carlos Hamann
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2391:
2386:
2383:
2379:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2350:
2349:
2346:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2309:
2308:
2305:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2283:
2282:
2279:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2217:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2148:
2147:
2144:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2117:
2116:
2113:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2091:
2090:
2087:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2065:
2064:
2061:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2039:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2013:
2012:
2009:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1963:Henry Kronfle
1961:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1912:Amparo Medina
1910:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1894:
1893:
1890:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1849:Ernesto Ortiz
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1816:
1815:
1812:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1780:
1779:
1776:
1769:
1764:
1763:Paola Holguín
1761:
1757:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1735:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1706:
1705:
1702:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1670:
1669:
1666:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1639:
1638:
1635:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1613:
1612:
1609:
1602:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1575:
1570:
1569:Pablo Torello
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1548:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1478:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1444:
1443:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1424:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1401:Popular Force
1398:
1394:
1393:Go on Country
1390:
1389:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1368:
1364:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1342:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1304:
1294:
1292:
1286:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1275:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1261:
1253:
1248:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1218:
1213:
1210:similar to a
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1154:Rafael Correa
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1126:
1125:The Rio Times
1122:According to
1115:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1057:
1052:
1050:
1045:
1043:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1019:
1017:
1007:
1006:
1005:
1004:
995:
992:
991:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
976:
970:
969:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
918:
912:
911:
904:
903:
899:
896:
895:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
868:
864:
863:
860:Organisations
857:
856:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
789:
788:
787:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
762:
761:
753:
752:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
619:Donoso Cortés
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
591:
585:
584:
574:
573:
572:The New State
569:
564:
563:
559:
554:
553:
549:
544:
543:
539:
538:
532:
531:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
433:Donoso Cortés
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
410:
407:Intellectuals
404:
403:
396:
393:
391:
390:
386:
382:
379:
378:
377:
374:
370:
367:
366:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
341:
335:
334:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
305:
302:
301:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
284:
280:
278:
277:Family values
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
254:
248:
247:
240:
237:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
219:
218:
215:
213:
212:
208:
206:
205:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
187:
184:
183:
182:
179:
175:
172:
170:
169:
168:Carloctavismo
165:
164:
163:
160:
158:
155:
154:
148:
147:
143:
139:
138:
132:
131:
127:
123:
122:
114:
108:
104:
101:Ibero-America
100:
94:
91:
87:
84:
80:
76:
73:
69:
65:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
41:
36:
30:
19:
4503:
4470:
4466:
4427:
4423:
4397:. Retrieved
4391:
4381:
4370:
4358:
4346:. Retrieved
4344:(in Spanish)
4341:
4331:
4319:. Retrieved
4312:
4303:
4291:. Retrieved
4284:
4275:
4263:. Retrieved
4256:
4232:. Retrieved
4230:(in Spanish)
4227:
4200:. Retrieved
4196:the original
4189:
4163:. Retrieved
4156:
4147:
4135:. Retrieved
4133:(in Spanish)
4128:
4118:
4106:. Retrieved
4104:(in Spanish)
4101:
4091:
4079:. Retrieved
4074:La Republica
4072:
4063:
4051:. Retrieved
4046:La República
4044:
4035:
4023:. Retrieved
4021:(in Spanish)
4016:
4006:
3994:. Retrieved
3987:
3978:
3966:. Retrieved
3959:
3950:
3939:
3933:
3921:. Retrieved
3914:
3890:. Retrieved
3888:(in Spanish)
3883:
3857:. Retrieved
3852:La República
3850:
3826:. Retrieved
3819:
3791:. Retrieved
3789:(in Spanish)
3786:
3716:. Retrieved
3710:
3700:
3688:. Retrieved
3682:
3648:
3623:. Retrieved
3621:(in Spanish)
3616:
3591:. Retrieved
3589:(in Spanish)
3586:
3576:
3564:. Retrieved
3557:
3531:
3519:. Retrieved
3514:
3505:
3493:. Retrieved
3491:(in Spanish)
3486:
3476:
3464:. Retrieved
3457:
3433:. Retrieved
3426:
3399:. Retrieved
3397:(in Spanish)
3392:
3359:. Retrieved
3353:
3343:
3331:. Retrieved
3329:(in Spanish)
3326:
3276:. Retrieved
3269:
3209:cultural war
3205:Buenos Aires
3194:
3190:
3179:
3174:
3161:
3145:
3140:
3132:
3107:
3062:Noel Álvarez
2902:Alfredo Mago
2823:Matt Schlapp
2798:Daniel Pipes
2793:Daniel Garza
2705:Jorge Buxadé
2341:Víctor Pavón
1993:Max Meitzner
1958:Héctor Yepes
1854:Hilda Molina
1542:Luis Rosales
1517:Javier Milei
1499:Diego Marías
1437:Signatories
1386:
1384:
1369:
1358:Partido SUMA
1337:
1327:
1308:totalitarian
1300:
1287:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1251:
1244:
1234:
1226:Luis Almagro
1222:expansionist
1215:
1212:conquistador
1196:Donald Trump
1193:
1188:
1183:and Chilean
1168:
1166:
1138:Puebla Group
1123:
1121:
1095:
1075:
1068:Madrid Forum
1067:
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900:
892:
888:Madrid Forum
887:
865:
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759:
570:
560:
550:
540:
387:
369:White Terror
281:
262:Anti-Masonry
209:
202:
166:
82:Headquarters
66:organization
33:Madrid Forum
29:
4434:: 693–717.
4412:Works cited
4342:El Comercio
4228:El Comercio
4081:12 December
3968:12 December
3923:12 December
3892:12 December
3828:12 December
3618:El Comercio
3201:Kirchnerist
3158:3rd meeting
3141:El Comercio
3054: [
3046:Nahem Reyes
2972: [
2954:Diego Arria
2925: [
2870:Pedro Isern
2865:Pablo Viana
2568: [
2546: [
2534: [
2482: [
2444:Diego Acuña
2420: [
2388: [
2376: [
2336:Tito Aranda
2326:Dannia Ríos
2293:Netherlands
2253:Pablo Adame
2214: [
2176:Carlos Leal
2023:El Salvador
1937:Felipe León
1879:Yaxys Cires
1766: [
1754: [
1732: [
1599: [
1596:Waldo Wolff
1572: [
1545: [
1532:Julio Sahad
1527:Juan Aicega
1512:Inés Liendo
1475: [
1427:Signatories
1361: [
1316:rule of law
1243:, with the
1179:, Peruvian
1158:Pepe Mujica
1150:Evo Morales
1108:Fujimorists
1076:Foro Madrid
714:Ruiz-Jarabo
588:Politicians
304:Traditional
294:Imperialism
272:Familialism
211:Noucentisme
38:Foro Madrid
4515:Categories
4165:8 December
4137:8 December
4053:7 December
4025:7 December
4018:OjoPúblico
3996:7 December
3989:OjoPúblico
3859:7 December
3793:7 December
3718:7 December
3690:7 December
3625:7 December
3566:7 December
3466:7 December
3435:7 December
3401:7 December
3355:La Tercera
3278:7 December
3247:References
3215:discussed
2813:John Pence
2808:John Fonte
2565:José Cueto
2238:Mario Romo
1978:Mario Cuvi
1884:Zoé Valdés
1869:René Bolio
1790:Costa Rica
1388:OjoPúblico
1118:Background
1084:think tank
936:El Alcázar
897:(factions)
809:(factions)
664:Goicoechea
654:Gil-Robles
535:Literature
513:de Unamuno
458:Gil Robles
311:Patriotism
283:Hispanidad
251:Principles
151:Ideologies
111:foromadrid
4489:2173-9870
4450:241063503
4399:5 October
4108:6 October
3684:Página 12
3593:17 August
3521:16 August
3488:El Líbero
3229:far right
3196:Página 12
3176:France 24
2889:Venezuela
1954:(alleged)
1656:Bia Kicis
1454:Argentina
1334:Promotion
1283:communism
1173:manifesto
1102:members,
873:CitizenGo
818:New Force
724:de Tejada
704:de Rivera
669:Marhuenda
508:de Tejada
503:Santayana
478:de Maeztu
473:Marhuenda
326:Tradition
267:Authority
193:Integrism
181:Francoism
157:Alfonsism
52:Formation
4348:26 April
4321:26 April
4293:26 April
4265:26 April
4234:26 April
4202:26 April
3495:26 April
3428:El Mundo
3361:26 April
3333:26 April
3235:See also
3171:Analysis
3121:and the
3110:far-left
3099:Meetings
2667:Portugal
2319:Paraguay
2101:Honduras
1716:Colombia
1281:through
1136:and the
1078:) is an
946:La Razón
739:Valiente
483:Menéndez
468:Losantos
413:Albiñana
299:Monarchy
204:Mellismo
126:a series
124:Part of
4286:infobae
4258:infobae
3515:Infobae
3394:El País
3327:El Búho
3181:El País
2858:Uruguay
1904:Ecuador
1623:Bolivia
1440:Source
1434:Origin
1297:Content
1265:Spanish
1189:Charter
1171:is the
1072:Spanish
994:Iberism
902:Requeté
786:Defunct
756:Parties
719:Serrano
709:Rodezno
694:Pradera
679:Navarro
614:Carrero
594:Abascal
498:Pradera
338:History
198:Maurism
162:Carlism
106:Website
71:Purpose
4487:
4448:
4432:Madrid
4314:Semana
3655:London
2886:
2855:
2757:
2734:Sweden
2731:
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2158:Mexico
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2098:
2075:Greece
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2049:France
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2020:
1901:
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1649:Brazil
1646:
1620:
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1407:, and
1322:, and
1237:Madrid
1208:morion
1187:. The
1160:, and
1094:, the
1090:. Its
926:Arriba
760:Active
734:Utrera
729:Tejero
649:Gambra
644:Franco
624:Cosidó
609:Casado
576:(1935)
566:(1929)
556:(1925)
546:(1884)
493:Panero
463:Hervás
453:Gambra
423:Balmes
389:Búnker
289:Honour
86:Madrid
4463:(PDF)
4446:S2CID
4430:(3).
4191:Wayka
3147:Wayka
3058:]
2976:]
2929:]
2693:Spain
2572:]
2550:]
2538:]
2486:]
2424:]
2392:]
2380:]
2218:]
2127:Italy
1770:]
1758:]
1736:]
1680:Chile
1603:]
1576:]
1549:]
1479:]
1365:]
961:Trece
956:Telva
931:Época
915:Media
699:Rajoy
689:Piñar
684:Pérez
674:Maura
659:Girón
639:Fraga
604:Aznar
599:Ayuso
518:Vigón
90:Spain
4485:ISSN
4401:2022
4350:2023
4323:2023
4295:2023
4267:2023
4236:2023
4204:2023
4167:2021
4139:2021
4110:2022
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3497:2023
3468:2021
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3403:2021
3363:2023
3335:2023
3280:2021
3199:, a
2360:Peru
1826:Cuba
1356:and
1257:The
1167:The
1066:The
878:FAES
792:CEDA
428:Cela
395:20-N
113:.org
60:Type
4475:doi
4436:doi
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