Madras Presidency - Knowledge

3044:, the first in South India, was built in 1853 and served as the headquarters of the Madras Railway Company. The Great Southern of India Railway Company was set up in the United Kingdom in 1853. and had its headquarters at Trichinopoly where it constructed its first railway line between Trichinopoly and Negapatam in 1859. The Madras Railway Company operated standard or broad-gauge railway lines while the Great South Indian Railway Company operated metre-gauge railway lines. In 1874, The Great Southern Indian Railway Company merged with the Carnatic Railway Company (established in 1864) and was renamed the Southern Indian Railway Company. The Southern Indian Railway Company merged with the Pondicherry Railway Company in 1891 while the Madras Railway Company merged with the Southern Mahratta Railway Company in 1908 to form the Madras and South Mahratta Railway Company. A new terminus was built at 2643:

Vaigai River basin in order to irrigate the arid lands to the east of the Western Ghats. Similarly, the Rushikulya Project was launched to utilise the waters of the Rushikulya river in Ganjam. Under the scheme over 142,000 acres (570 km) of land were brought under irrigation. The British also constructed a number of dams and canals for irrigation. An upper dam was constructed across the Kollidam river near Srirangam island. The Dowlaishwaram dam across the Godavari river, the Gunnavaram aqueduct across the Vaineteyam Godavari, the Kurnool-Cuddapah canal and the Krishna dam are examples of major irrigation works carried out by the British. In 1946–47, the total area under irrigation was 9,736,974 acres (39,404.14 km) acres which yielded a return of 6.94% on capital outlay.

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and had their own police and judicial systems such that the personal expenses of the Raja were minimal. However, landlords lost their exemption from the taxes on land if they disposed of it meaning that mortgage of land was more common than sale. Individual proprietorship of land was also common in the Telugu-speaking areas of the presidency. The chieftains of the Telugu-speaking districts had more or less maintained an independent existence for a long time, furnishing the sovereign with armies and equipment in times of war. In return, their right to revenues from land remained unmolested. During the time of the British, most of land in the northern districts of the presidency were parcelled out among these petty "Rajahs".

2989:. The roads connecting Madras to Calcutta in the north and the kingdom of Travancore in the south served as lines of communication during wars. From the early 20th century onwards, bullock-carts and horses were gradually replaced by bicycles and motor vehicles, while motor buses were the main means of private road transportation. Presidency Transport and the City Motor Service were pioneers, operating buses manufactured by Simpson and Co. as early as 1910. The first organised bus system in Madras city was operated by Madras Tramways Corporation between 1925 and 1928. The 1939 Motor Vehicles Act imposed restrictions on public-owned bus and motor services. Most of the early bus services were operated by private agencies. 3036:

Madras-Trichinopoly road, Madras-Calcutta road, Madras-Cuddapah road and the Sumpajee Ghaut road. A Public Works Department was initiated by Lord Dalhousie in 1852 and subsequently in 1855 an East coast canal was constructed for the purpose of easy navigation. Roadways were handled by the Public Works Secretariat which was under the control of the member of the Governor's Executive Council. The principal highways of the presidency were the Madras-Calcutta road, the Madras-Travancore road and the Madras-Calicut road. By 1946–47, the Madras Presidency had 26,201 miles (42,166 km) of metalled roads and 14,406 miles (23,184 km) of unmetalled roads, and 1,403 miles (2,258 km) of navigable canals.

2097:. The council was reduced to three members when the Madras Army was abolished in 1895. The legislative powers of this council were withdrawn as per the Government of India Act 1833 and it was reduced to the status of a mere advisory body. However, these powers were restored as per Indian Councils Act 1861. The council was expanded from time to time through the inclusion of official and non-official members and served as the main legislative body till 1935, when a legislative assembly of a more representative nature was created and legislative powers were transferred to the assembly. On India's independence on 15 August 1947, the three-member Governor's executive council was abolished. 3254:. In 1901, Madras had a male literacy rate of 11.9 percent and a female literacy rate of 0.9 percent. In 1950, when the Madras Presidency became Madras State, the literacy rate was slightly higher than the national average of 18 percent. In 1901, there were 26,771 public and private institutions with 923,760 scholars of whom 784,621 were male and 139,139 female. By 1947, the number of educational institutions had increased to 37,811 and the number of scholars to 3,989,686. Apart from colleges, in 1947 there were 31,975 public and elementary schools, 720 secondary schools for boys and 4,173 elementary and 181 secondary schools for girls. Most of the early graduates were 3584: 424: 80: 2974: 3527: 1858:

Bellary and Anantapur districts. In the district of South Kanara, the western part of Bellary and Anantapur districts and parts of Malabar, Kannada was spoken. Malayalam was spoken in the districts of Malabar and South Kanara and the princely states of Travancore and Cochin, while Tulu was spoken in South Canara. Oriya was spoken in the districts of then Ganjam and Vizagapatam. English was spoken by Anglo-Indians and Eurasians. It was also the link language for the presidency and the official language of British India in which all government proceedings and court hearings were conducted.

3481: 2993: 3543: 3493: 1871: 2182:. All these states had a considerable degree of internal autonomy. However, their foreign policy was completely controlled by a Resident who represented the Governor of Fort St George. In case of Banganapalle, the Resident was the District Collector of Kurnool, while the District Collector of Bellary was the Resident of Sandur. The Resident of Pudukkottai from 1800 to 1840 and 1865 to 1873, was the District Collector of Tanjore, from 1840 to 1865, the District Collector of Madura and from 1873 to 1947, the District Collector of Trichinopoly. 2237: 361: 1811:

until 1852. It returned a population of 22,031,697. Subsequent enumerations were made in 1851–52, 1856–57, 1861–62, and 1866–67. The population of Madras Presidency was tallied at 22,857,855, 24,656,509 in 1861–62 and 26,539,052 in 1866–67. The first organised census of India was conducted in 1871 and returned a population of 31,220,973 for the Madras Presidency. Since then, a census has been conducted once every ten years. The last census of British India held in 1941 counted a population of 49,341,810 for the Madras Presidency.

3562: 66: 1371: 3508: 3120:' regular domestic passenger and airmail service from Karachi to Madras. The flight was later re-routed through Hyderabad and became bi-weekly. On 26 November 1935, Tata Sons started an experimental weekly service from Bombay to Trivandrum via Goa and Cannanore. From 28 February 1938, onwards, Tata Sons' Aviation division, now renamed Tata Airlines, began a Karachi to Colombo airmail service via Madras and Trichinopoly. On 2 March 1938, the Bombay-Trivandrum air service was extended to Trichinopoly. 2683: 2607: 2313: 1890: 2216:, the Governor of French India, began to raise native battalions in 1748, the British of Madras followed suit and established the Madras Regiment. Though native regiments were subsequently established by the British in other parts of India, the distances that separated the three presidencies resulted in each force developing divergent principles and organisations. The first reorganisation of the army took place in 1795 when the Madras army was reconstituted into the following units: 11868: 1826: 2652: 11969: 1266: 1606: 1598: 3024: 2695: 3052:. The company operated a suburban electric train service for Madras city from May 1931 onwards. In April 1944, the Madras and South Mahratta Railway Company was taken over by the Madras Government. In 1947, there were 4,961 miles (7,984 km) of railway in the presidency, in addition to 136 miles (219 km) of district board lines. Madras was well-connected with other Indian cities like Bombay and Calcutta and with Ceylon. The 6,776-foot (2,065 m) 18599: 2506: 2663: 10007: 2671: 3008: 9149: 1362: 95: 3132:

mail services were integrated to form the All-India Service. On 1 October 1854, the first stamps were issued by the Imperial Postal Service. The General Post Office (GPO), Madras, was established by Sir Archibald Campbell in 1786. In 1872–73, a bimonthly sea-mail service began between Madras and Rangoon. This was followed by the commencement of a fortnightly sea-mail service between Madras and ports on the eastern coast.

3296:. The daughter in the family rarely received an education and usually helped her mother with household chores. Upon marrying, she moved to the house of her in-laws where she was expected to serve her husband and the elder members of his family. There have been recorded instances of torture and ill treatment of daughters-in-law. A Brahmin widow was expected to shave her head and was subjected to numerous indignities. 18610: 12715: 11822: 9961: 18621: 386: 1515: 2748:

Godavari, Vizagapatam and Kistna were well-known cotton-weaving centres. There was a sugar factory at Aska in Ganjam run by F. J. V. Minchin and another at Nellikuppam in South Arcot district run by the East India Distilleries and Sugar Factories Company. In the Telugu-speaking northern districts of the presidency large quantities of tobacco were cultivated to be subsequently rolled into

3324:. There were proposed regulations in 1811 and 1823 to prevent child labour. In 1833, the British Crown and the House of Commons proposed immediate abolition of slavery in India, but East India Company decreed otherwise. All legal recognition to permit the civil status of slavery were withdrawn with the Act V of 1843 and selling of slaves became a criminal offence in 1862 under the new 2150:

from the Indian Civil Service. The districts were sometimes sub-divided into divisions each under a Deputy Collector. The divisions were further sub-divided into taluks and union panchayats or village committees. Agencies were sometimes created in British India out of volatile, rebellion-prone areas of the presidency. The two important agencies in the Madras Presidency were the

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14,276,509 Telugu-speakers, 2,861,297 speakers of Malayalam, 1,518,579 were speakers of Kannada, 1,809,314 spoke Oriya, 880,145 spoke Hindusthani/Urdu and 1,680,635 spoke other languages. At the time of Indian independence, Tamil and Telugu speakers made up over 78% of the total population of the presidency, with Kannada, Malayalam and Tulu speakers making up the rest.

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Godavari and Krishna districts. Godavari district was further bifurcated into East and West Godavari districts in 1925. The Kurnool kingdom was annexed in 1839 and was constituted as a separate district of the Madras Presidency. For administrative convenience, the district of Kanara was split into North and South Kanara in 1859. North Kanara was transferred to

3148:. Telephones were introduced in the presidency in 1881 and on 19 November 1881, the first telephone exchange with 17 connections was established at Errabalu Street in Madras. A wireless telegraphy service was established between Madras and Port Blair in 1920 and in 1936, the Indo-Burma radio telephone service was established between Madras and Rangoon. 2191: 3157:

central training school was set up in Madras as per Munro's scheme. However, this system appeared to be a failure and the policy was altered in 1836 in order to promote European literature and science. The Board of Public Instruction was superseded by a Committee for Native Education. In January 1840, during the viceroyalty of

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trade. Most of the sea trade was carried through the presidency's principal port of Madras. Other important ports were Gopalpur, Kalingapatnam, Bimlipatnam, Visakhapatnam, Masulipatnam, Cocanada, Madras, Cuddalore, Negapatam, Pamban and Tuticorin on the east coast along with Mangalore, Cannanore, Calicut, Cochin, Alleppey,

796:, with Madras' titulature that would persist until 1950. Judicial, legislative and executive powers rested with the Governor who was assisted by a Council whose constitution was modified by reforms enacted in 1861, 1909, 1919 and 1935. Regular elections were conducted in Madras up to the outbreak of the 3156:

The first schools offering Western-style education in the presidency were established in Madras during the 18th century. In 1822, a Board of Public Instruction was created based on the recommendations of Sir Thomas Munro, after which schools teaching students in vernacular language was established. A

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while tea was grown on the slopes of the Nilgiri Hills. Coffee plantations were also established in Travancore but a severe blight at the end of the 19th century destroyed coffee cultivation in the kingdom and almost wiped out coffee plantations in neighbouring Wynad. Coffee-curing works were located

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Cotton piece-goods, cotton twist and yarn, metals and kerosene oil were the main items of import while animal hides and skins, raw cotton, coffee and piece-goods were the chief exports. Raw cotton, animal hides, oil seeds, grains, pulses, coffee, tea and cotton manufactures were the main items of sea

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people, who did not have to pay land-tax and held extensive freeholds of land rented to tenants for agricultural purposes. In return, the Nairs supplied the king with fighting men in times of war while the Namboodhiris managed the upkeep of Hindu temples. These landlords were somewhat self-sufficient

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and was introduced on 1 June 1786. The presidency was divided into three postal divisions: Madras North up to Ganjam, Madras South-West to Anjengo (erstwhile Travancore) and Madras West, up to Vellore. In the same year, a link with Bombay was established then in 1837, the Madras, Bombay and Calcutta

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The first Western-style banking institution in India was the Madras Bank which was established on 21 June 1683, with a capital of one hundred thousand pounds sterling. This was followed by the opening of the Carnatic Bank in 1788, the Bank of Madras in 1795 and the Asiatic Bank in 1804. In 1843, all

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The trade of the Madras Presidency comprised that of both the presidency with other Provinces and its overseas trade. External trade made up 93 percent of the total with internal trade making up the remainder. Foreign trade accounted for 70 percent of the total while 23 percent was inter-provincial.

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was made a sub-division of Tanjore district in June 1805 and remained so till August 1808 when its status as a separate district was restored. The districts of Rajahmundry (Rajamahendravaram), Masulipatnam and Guntur were created in 1823. These three districts were reorganised in 1859 into two – the

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was the first chief minister of the presidency to come from the Congress party. He successfully enacted the Temple Entry Authorization and Indemnity Act and introduced both prohibition and sales taxes in the Madras Presidency. His rule is largely remembered for the use of Hindi being made compulsory

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Madras was linked to the rest of the world through telegraphs in 1853 and a civilian telegraph service was introduced on 1 February 1855. Soon afterwards, telegraph lines linked Madras and Ootacamund with other cities in India. A Telegraph department was set up in 1854, with a Deputy Superintendent

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dyes, Madras possessed a thriving vegetable dye manufacturing industry. The city also imported large quantities of aluminium for the manufacture of aluminium utensils. In the early 20th century, the government established the Chrome Tanning Factory which manufactured high-quality leather. The first

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s, the legislation proved to be detrimental to the interests of the cultivators in the Oriya-speaking northern districts of the presidency who were the intended beneficiaries, as it tied the cultivator to his land and landlord with the chains of eternal serfdom. In 1933, an amendment to the Act was

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in 1862. Between 1859–60 and 1870, the districts of Madras and Chingleput were put together into a single district. A separate Nilgiris district was carved out of Coimbatore district in 1868. As of 1908, Madras Presidency was made up of 24 districts each administered by a District Collector who was

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The first organised initiative for the construction of new roads and maintenance of existing roads in the presidency was initiated in 1845 with the appointment of a special officer for the maintenance of main roads. The principal roads under the aegis of the officer were the Madras-Bangalore road,

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However, the Permanent Settlement was not as successful as it had been in Bengal. When the Company did not reach the expected profit levels, a new system known as the "Village Settlement" was implemented between 1804 and 1814 in the districts of Tinnevely, Trichinopoly, Coimbatore, North Arcot and

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in 1890 three madras infantry battalions were accordingly reconstituted, at least for a time, by tapping two south Indian communities which had not yet provided many recruits to the Indian army-the Mappilas and the coorgs, the government of madras was sceptical, and agreed to the formation of two

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at the time consisted of one European and one native brigade of horse artillery, three battalions of foot artillery of four companies each, with four companies of lascars attached, three regiments of light cavalry, two corps of pioneers, two battalions of European infantry, 52 battalions of native

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According to the 1871 census, there were 14,715,000 people who spoke Tamil, 11,610,000 people who spoke Telugu, 2,324,000 people who spoke Malayalam, 1,699,000 spoke Canarese or Kannada, 640,000 people spoke Oriya and 29,400 people spoke Tulu. The 1901 census returned 15,182,957 speakers of Tamil,

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Hindus, Muslims and Christians generally followed a joint family system. The society was largely patriarchal with the eldest male member the leader of the family. Most of the presidency followed a patrilineal system of inheritance. The only exceptions were the district of Malabar and the princely

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gave an impetus to cotton and textile production and led to cotton presses being established all over the presidency. In the early years of the 20th century, Coimbatore emerged as an important centre for cotton textiles and earned the epithet "Manchester of South India". The northern districts of

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The English East India Company was first permitted to set up its own garrison in 1665 to guard its settlements. Notable amongst the early operations of the company's forces were the defence of the city from Mughal and Maratha invaders and from the incursions of the Nawab of Carnatic. In 1713, the

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in October 1844. Lakshminarasu Chetty is also credited with the foundation of the Madras Presidency Association which was a forerunner of the Indian National Congress. The number of newspapers and periodicals published in the presidency totalled 821 in 1948. The two most popular English-language

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on the Madras-Mysore border in 1934, the Mettur Dam supplied water to the western districts of the presidency. The Periyar Dam (now known as the Mullaperiyar Dam) was constructed across the Periyar river in Travancore, near the border. This project diverted the waters of the Periyar river to the

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In ancient times, land appears to have been held in common with an individual unable to sell it without the consent of the other owners, who in most cases were members of the same community. Prior to the arrival of the British, the concept of individual proprietorship of land had already emerged

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and English languages were all spoken in the Madras Presidency. Tamil was spoken in the southern districts of the presidency from a few miles north of Madras city as far west as the Nilgiri hills and Western Ghats. Telugu was spoken in the districts to the north of Madras city and to the east of

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In 1822, the Madras Presidency underwent its first census, which returned a population of 13,476,923. A second census conducted between 1836 and 1837 recorded a population of 13,967,395, an increase of only 490,472 over 15 years. The first quinquennial population enumeration took place from 1851

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was proposed against Ramarayaningar's government on 27 November 1923, but was defeated 65–44. Ramarayaningar remained in power until November 1926. The enactment in August 1921 of the first communal Government Order (G.O. No. 613), which introduced caste-based communal reservations in government

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was completely reorganised on democratic lines. The bill asserted that the governing body would henceforth be headed by a Chancellor who would be assisted by a pro-Chancellor, usually the Minister of Education. Apart from the Chancellor and the pro-Chancellor who were elected, there was to be a

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The presidency's fishing industry thrived, with Shark's fins, fish maws and fish curing-operations the main sources of income for fishermen. The southern port of Tuticorin was a centre of conch-fishing but Madras, along with Ceylon, was mainly known for its pearl fisheries. Pearl fisheries were

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The Land Improvement and Agriculturists Loan Act passed in 1884 provided funds for the construction of wells and their utilisation in reclamation projects. In the early part of the 20th century, the Madras government established the Pumping and Boring Department to drill boreholes with electric

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at Bombay in December 1885, 22 hailed from the Madras Presidency. Most of the delegates were members of the Madras Mahajana Sabha. The third session of the Indian National Congress was held in Madras in December 1887 and was a huge success attended by 362 delegates from the province. Subsequent

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in 1920 with a strength of 100 members but gradually faded away and membership had reduced to three by 1923 when it had to be closed down. Nevertheless, the Madras Stock Exchange was successfully revived in September 1937 and was incorporated as the Madras Stock Exchange Association Limited.

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was practised in almost all castes from Brahmins to non-Brahmins subjecting agricultural labourers to bondage for non-payment of debt. The Law Commission report on slavery in 1841 contains the indicative figures on the number of slaves, computed based on the population of specific castes of

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and Colachel on the western seaboard. The port of Cochin was taken over by the Government of India on 1 August 1936, and that of Madras on 1 April 1937. There were Chambers of Commerce in Madras, Cochin and Cocanada. These chambers each nominated a member to the Madras Legislative Council.

2473:, revenue-free or quit-rent grants of lands made for religious endowments or for services rendered to the state, occupied an aggregate area of nearly 8 million acres (32,000 km). In 1945–46, there were 20,945,456 acres (84,763.25 km) of Zamindari estates yielding revenues of 2587:, 13.8 percent. Cotton occupied 1,740,000 acres (7,000 km), oilseeds, 2.08 million, spices,0.4 million and indigo, 0.2 million. In 1898, Madras produced 7.47 million tons of food grains from 21,570,000 acres (87,300 km) of crops grown on 19,300,000 acres (78,000 km) of 2338:

along India's west coast such that the new administration's land revenue system was not markedly different from that of its predecessor. Nevertheless, landlords never sold land without the consent of other members of the community. This communistic property rights system was known as

3258:. The preponderance of Brahmins in the universities and in the civic administration was one of the main causes for the growth of the Anti-Brahmin movement in the presidency. Madras was also the first province in British India where caste-based communal reservations were introduced. 3079:

The Madras Tramways Corporation was promoted in Madras city in 1892 by Hutchinsons and Co. and began operating in 1895, before even London had its own tramway system. It plied six routes in Madras linking distant parts of Madras city and covered a total of 17 miles (27 km).

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on the country's eastern seaboard. Masulipatinam is thus the oldest English trading post on India's east coast, dating back to 1611. In 1625, another factory was established at Armagon, a few miles to the south, whereupon both the factories came under the supervision of an

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was taught, with the further disciplines of Mechanical Engineering added in 1894, Electrical Engineering in 1930 and Telecommunication and Highways in 1945. The AC College, with its emphasis on textiles and leather technology, was founded by Alagappa Chettiar in 1944. The

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The 1857 Mutiny, which quickly led to drastic changes in the Bengal and Bombay armies, had no effect on the Madras Army. In 1895, the presidency armies were finally merged and the Madras regiments came under the direct control of the Commander-in-chief of British India.

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of 1784 created an executive council with legislative powers to assist the Governor. The council initially consisted of four members, two of whom were from the Indian civil service or covenanted civil service and the third, an Indian of distinction. The fourth was the

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were the largest private-owned business corporations at the turn of the 20th century. EID Parry manufactured and sold chemical fertilizers and sugar while the Binnys marketed cotton garments and uniforms manufactured at its spinning and weaving facility, the

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s administration. The presidency's Temple Entry Authorization Act (1939) and its Temple Entry Proclamation (1936) of Travancore were aimed at elevating the status of Dalit and other low castes to a position equal to that of high-caste Hindus. In 1872,

999:(1652–1655). However, in 1655 the status of the fort was downgraded to an Agency and made subject to the factory at Surat, until 1684. In 1658, control of all the factories in Bengal was given to Madras, when the English occupied the nearby village of 1984:

was the holiest city for the Muslims of the Madras Presidency. The presidency also had one of the oldest Christian populations in India. Branches of the Syrian church, contrary to historical evidence, are popularly believed to have been instituted by

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of silver to connect the city of Madras with the delta of the Kistna river at Peddaganjam. Ships of the British India Steam Navigation Company frequently docked at Madras and provided frequent services to Bombay, Calcutta, Colombo and Rangoon.

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Mappila battalions only on condition they were deployed outside Malabar. Raised in 1900, the new regiments were complete failure, they soon dwindled to 600 men 'quite useless for service'. ref:The Sepoy and the Raj: The Indian Army, 1860-1940

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Illustrated Guide to the South Indian Railway (Incorporated in England): Including the Tanjore District Board, Pondicherry, Peralam-Karaikkal, Travancore State, Cochin State, Coimbatore District Board, Tinnevelly-Tiruchendur, and the Nilgiri

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by a pilot named G. Vlasto in October 1929. This site was later used as the Madras aerodrome. One of the early members of the club, Rajah Sir Annamalai Chettiar went on to establish an aerodrome in his native Chettinad. On 15 October 1932,

2062:, in 1937. The provincial government under Ramasamy Reddy passed the Madras Temple Entry Authorization Act on 11 May 1947, which was intended to give Dalits and other prohibited Hindus full and complete rights to enter Hindu temples. The 1021:. During this period, the presidency was significantly expanded and reached an extent which continued into the early 19th century. During the early years of the Madras Presidency, the English were repeatedly attacked by the Mughals, the 950:

based at Machilipatnam. The English authorities decided to relocate these factories further south, due to a shortage of cotton cloth, the main trade item of the east coast at the time. The problem was compounded when the Sultan of

3474:. Most early films were made in Coimbatore and Salem but from the 1940s onwards, Madras began to emerge as the principal centre of film production. Until the 1950s, most films in Telugu, Kannada and Malayalam were made in Madras. 1428:, Minister of Local Self-Government and Public Health, popularly known as the Raja of Panagal. The party split in late 1923 when C. R. Reddy resigned from primary membership and formed a splinter group allied with the opposition 2909:. In 1921, the Bank of Madras merged with the Bank of Bombay and the Bank of Bengal to form the Imperial Bank of India. In the 19th century, the Arbuthnot Bank was one of the largest privately owned banks in the presidency. The 1411:

with provisions made for elections in the presidency. Democratically elected governments would henceforth share power with the Governor's autocratic establishment. Following the first elections held in November 1920, the

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Almost 71% of the population of Madras Presidency was engaged in agriculture with the agricultural year usually commencing on 1 July. Crops cultivated in the Madras Presidency included cereals such as rice, corn, kambhu

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subject to the District Collector of Ganjam. In 1936, the districts of Ganjam and Vizagapatam (including the Vizagapatam and the Ganjam agencies) were partitioned between Madras and the newly created province of Orissa.

3235:, established by Rajah Sir Annamalai Chettiar in Chidambaram in 1929, was the first university in the presidency to have hostel facilities Christian missionaries were pioneers in promoting education in the region. The 2578:

were introduced from Asia, Africa or Europe, while grapes were introduced from Australia. The total cultivated area used for food crops was 80% and for cash crops, 15%. Of the gross area, rice occupied 26.4 percent;

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into the area militarily subordinate to the Governor of Fort St George. The largest kingdom of the hill-tract region of Visakhapatanam was Jeypore and in 1777 it was conquered by Captain Matthews. The hill tracts of

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In 1858, under the terms of Queen's Proclamation issued by Queen Victoria, the Madras Presidency, along with the rest of British India, came under the direct rule of the British crown. During the period of governor

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When the British took over administration, the centuries-old system of land proprietorship was left intact. The new rulers appointed middlemen to collect revenue for lands which were not under the control of local

1243:. As a result of the first, the population of the presidency fell for the first time from 31.2 million in 1871 to 30.8 million in 1881. These famines and alleged partiality shown by the government in handling the 3039:

The first railway line in South India was laid between Madras and Arcot, which was opened for traffic on 1 July 1856. The line was constructed by the Madras Railway Company formed in 1845. The railway station at

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A strong sense of national awakening emerged in the Madras Presidency in the later half of the 19th century. The first political organisation in the province, the Madras Native Association, was established by

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introduced by the Raja of Bobbili to curb the rights of Zamindars and safeguard the cultivators from exploitation. This act was passed in the legislative council despite strong opposition from the Zamindars.

1905:(37,026,471), Muslims (2,732,931), and Christians (1,934,480). By the time of India's independence in 1947, Madras had an estimated population of 49,799,822 Hindus, 3,896,452 Muslims and 2,047,478 Christians 2001:

districts of Madras Presidency with native Christians forming over one–quarter of the total population of the princely state of Travancore. Hill tribes of the Nilgiris, Palani and Ganjam regions such as the

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s. In most cases, these go-betweens ignored the welfare of the farmers and exploited them to the full. A Board of Revenue was established in 1786 to solve the issue but to no avail. At the same time, the

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were not allowed inside Hindu temples. However, along with the emancipation of Indian women and removal of social evils, untouchability was slowly eradicated through legislation and social reform. The

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In 1684, Fort St George Black Town where the 'natives' lived. The White Town was confined inside the walls of Fort St. George and the Black Town outside of it. The Black Town later came to be known as

2442:, or peasant farmers. However, as a village settlement had few differences compared to a permanent settlement, it was eventually discarded. In its place came the "Ryotwari Settlement" implemented by 1204:(1861–63) was the first Indian to be appointed to the council. The legal profession was specially prized by the newly emerging corpus of educated Indians. The first Indian judge to be appointed was 7734:

The history of the Indian revolt and of the expeditions to Persia, China, and Japan, 1856 – 7 – 8: With maps, plans, and wood engrav. [Umschlagt.:] Chambers"s history of the revolt in India

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and withdrew it from electoral politics. After the end of the Second World War, the Indian National Congress re-entered politics, and in the absence of any serious opposition it easily won the

788:, Madras became one of three presidencies established by the East India Company. Thereafter, the head of the area was styled "Governor" rather than "President" and became subordinate to the 8826: 3212:, which introduced courses such as aeronautical and automobile engineering was established in 1949. In 1827, the first medical school in the presidency was established then followed by the 16878: 3328:. In spite of these regulations, serfdom continued and the slave population formed 12.2% – 20% of the total population in 1930 across various districts of the presidency. 2833:

569.9 million. 208,675 k.v.a of electricity was generated at the end of 1948 of which 98% was under government ownership. The total amount of power generated was 467 million units.

16883: 2450:

who paid their rent directly to the government. The land was assessed and paid revenue fixed by the Government This system had a number of advantages as well as disadvantages for the

780:

since the very early 1600s. The agency was upgraded to a Presidency in 1652 before once more reverting to its previous status in 1655. In 1684, it was re-elevated to a Presidency and

1180:(1854–1859), measures were taken to improve education and increase representation of Indians in the administration. Legislative powers were given to the Governor's council under the 2885:

the banks were merged to form the Bank of Madras. The Bank of Madras had branches in all the presidency's major cities and princely states including Coimbatore, Mangalore, Calicut,

1437:

jobs, remains one of the high points of his rule. In the following elections of 1926 the Justice Party lost. However, as no party was able to obtain a clear majority, the Governor,

995:(1648–52 and 1655–58). At the end of Greenhill's term in 1652, Fort St George was elevated to a Presidency, independent of Bantam and under the leadership of the first president, 959:(1605–73) was sent south, and after negotiations with the Raja of Chandragiri, he obtained a land grant in 1639 to set up a factory in the village of Madraspatinam where the new 16038: 1086:

From 1801 until 1858, Madras was a part of British India and was ruled by the British East India Company. The last quarter of the 18th century was a period of rapid expansion.

3620: 3379:, village fairs and plays. Men in urban areas indulged in social and communistic activities at recreational clubs, music concerts or sabhas, dramas and welfare organisations. 4701: 4626: 3583: 3526: 17279: 2881:

Between 1913 and 1914, Madras had 247 companies. In 1947, the city led in the establishment of registered factories but employed only 62% of the total productive capital.

2638:, the Periyar Project, the Cudappah-Kurnool canal and the Rushikulya Project were the biggest irrigation projects launched by the Madras Government. Constructed below the 1972:

in the princely state of Travancore. Islam was brought to the southern part of India by Arab traders although most converts were made from the 14th century onwards, when

2739:

Cotton-ginning and weaving were two of the main industries in the Madras Presidency. Cotton was produced in large quantities in the Bellary district and was pressed in

2727:

645.1 million. Trade with the United Kingdom made up 31.54% of the total trade of the presidency with Madras the chief port accounting for 49% of the total trade.

17424: 7468:

Slavery and the slave trade in British India: with notices of the existence of these evils in the islands of Ceylon, Malacca, and Penang, drawn from official documents

2465:

who paid rent directly to the Government. Zamindari estates occupied about 26 million acres (110,000 km), more than one-quarter of the whole presidency. The

12000: 8819: 2260:

in 1762, the 1795 expeditions against Ceylon and the Dutch as well as the conquest of the Spice Islands in the same year. They also took part in expeditions against

871:

and its civilisation attained a peak when the chola kings started acquiring vast places in Tamil Nadu during the 10th century. Following the conquest of Madurai by

15992: 8478: 4576: 3414:, was started on 12 October 1785, by Richard Johnston, a printer employed by the British East India Company. The first Indian-owned English-language newspaper was 2252:

Between 1748 and 1895, as with the Bengal and Bombay armies, the Madras Army had its own Commander-in-Chief who was subordinate to the president, and later to the

18638: 2413:

Islamic invasions caused minor changes in the land proprietorship system when taxes on Hindu land owners were raised and private ownership of property came down.

17704: 9089: 2206: 3309:

and were strictly forbidden from having houses in the village. They were also forbidden from entering important Hindu temples or approaching high-caste Hindus.

2038:

who served the Premier from 1932 to 1936, appointed untouchables to temple administration boards all over the presidency and reformed the administration of the

18281: 17920: 16156: 16033: 15876: 7630:

Madras in the Olden Time: Being a History of the Presidency from the First Foundation of Fort St. George to the Occupation of Madras by the French (1639–1748)

16958: 16598: 13961: 7390: 7276: 3095:

In 1917, Simpson and Co. arranged for a test flight by the first aeroplane in Madras while a flying club was established at the Mount Golf Club grounds near

863:(230 BC – AD 102). Following the decline of the Pandyas and the Cholas, the country was conquered by a little known race of people called the 16076: 15777: 14056: 8812: 6440: 3480: 1558: 1460: 17684: 17048: 12867: 10023: 3561: 2253: 17714: 16943: 16793: 13996: 7312: 18426: 18376: 18361: 17694: 17564: 17534: 17489: 17324: 17043: 17033: 16978: 16718: 16693: 16338: 16136: 6545: 3364:

system was regulated in 1927 and completely abolished on 26 November 1947. The Widow Remarriage movement was spearheaded in the Godavari district by

3165:

as the Joint Director of Public Instruction. The central school was converted to a high school in April 1841 with 67 students and in 1853 became the

3192:

was established by the Andhra University Act of 1925 and in 1937, the University of Travancore was established in the princely state of Travancore.

1455:

from the Ministry split the Justice Party once again. Fearing a no-confidence motion against him, Munuswamy Naidu resigned in November 1932 and the

18391: 17439: 17434: 17384: 17374: 17294: 17239: 16933: 16688: 16508: 15360: 13921: 12918: 3542: 18191: 18116: 18081: 17634: 17549: 17364: 17214: 16908: 16768: 16703: 16428: 16141: 16018: 9803: 8882: 3292:

Women were expected to confine themselves to indoor activities and the maintenance of the household. Muslims and high-caste Hindu women observed

2488:

The Land Estates Act of 1908 was passed by the Madras Government in order to protect cultivators in Zamindaris from exploitation. Under the act,

2063: 2334:

Revenue from land rental as well as an income tax based on the tenant's net profits from their land was the presidency's main source of income.

18576: 18306: 18286: 18181: 17584: 17504: 17494: 17379: 17354: 17304: 17063: 16953: 16898: 16653: 16628: 16543: 13986: 9932: 9927: 9551: 8940: 2329: 2256:. By custom, the Commander-in-chief of the Madras Army was a member of the Governor's Executive Council. The army's troops participated in the 2132:

were constituted as a separate district in 1799. In 1800, the districts of Bellary and Cuddapah were created out of the territory ceded by the

827:, and thereafter its Governor ruled alongside a prime minister. In the early decades of the 20th century, many significant contributors to the 6285: 4350: 875:

in 1311, there was a brief lull when both culture and civilisation began to deteriorate. The Tamil and Telugu territories recovered under the

18722: 18571: 18496: 18266: 18241: 18121: 18096: 18056: 17855: 17484: 17444: 17149: 17108: 17068: 17038: 16828: 14006: 9755: 7351: 7132: 6185: 3677: 3610: 2244:

In 1824, a second reorganisation took place, whereupon the double battalions were abolished and the existing battalions were renumbered. The

2079: 1072:

under British rule. In return, Azim-ud-Daula was entitled to one-fifth of the total revenue of the state and the honour of a 21-gun salute.

18561: 18551: 18296: 18151: 18106: 17679: 17599: 17499: 16973: 16918: 16873: 16588: 16448: 16383: 16043: 15355: 13976: 9942: 4636: 2870:, was the largest bank in the presidency until its crash in 1906. Reduced to penury, disillusioned former Indian investors established the 1041:

to unify and regulate the administration of the territories of the East India Company, the President of Madras was made subordinate to the

6652: 3387:

were especially patronised by the upper and upper-middle class Madras society. Of the sports introduced by the British in the presidency,

2026:'s government passed the Hindu Religious Endowments Bill that established government-controlled trusts in the Madras Presidency to manage 18231: 18051: 17840: 17689: 17629: 17088: 17008: 16948: 16763: 16728: 16523: 15972: 14021: 14001: 13981: 9937: 9104: 8835: 2429: 1908:

Hinduism was the predominant religion in the presidency and practised by around 88% of the population. The main Hindu denominations were

967:

of Masulipatinam was appointed as its first Agent. All the agencies along India's east coast were subordinated to the East India Company

675: 540: 7702: 2401:

where communal ownership of land did not exist. Instead, land was individual property mostly owned by the landowning gentry, to wit the

1316:

in 1916. The Home Rule Movement was organised from Madras and found extensive support in the Province. Nationalistic newspapers such as

18341: 18076: 17589: 17274: 16923: 14051: 13901: 13873: 1260: 7968: 3048:

for the Madras and South Mahratta Railway Company. In 1927, the South Indian Railway Company shifted its headquarters from Madurai to

18546: 18356: 18291: 18126: 18086: 17900: 17830: 17579: 17464: 17269: 17144: 17093: 16748: 16658: 16053: 14938: 14330: 14016: 13956: 13931: 12903: 9788: 9750: 4188: 3492: 1099: 992: 79: 2454:. In 1833, Lord William Bentinck implemented a new system called the "Mahalwari" or village system under which landlords as well as 883:

and European trading companies. Between 1685 and 1947, a number of kings ruled the areas that became part of the Madras Presidency.

18727: 18396: 17314: 17053: 16823: 16028: 15802: 15762: 14011: 13941: 13926: 13891: 13843: 12750: 10668: 9793: 9137: 8707: 2050:

introduced the Temple Entry Authorization and Indemnity Act which removed all restrictions on untouchables entering Hindu temples.

649: 7989: 3247:

in Madras and the St. Peter's College at Tanjore were some of the educational institutions established by Christian missionaries.

1416:, an organisation established in 1916 to campaign for increased representation of non-Brahmins in the administration, against the 16023: 15982: 15921: 15787: 14848: 14026: 13966: 4092:

Elite Formation in Nineteenth Century South India, Proceedings of the First International Conference on Tamil Culture and History

3299:

Rural society comprised villages where people of different communities lived together. Brahmins lived in separate streets called

3203:, was established as a Government Survey School in 1794 before being upgraded to an Engineering College in 1861. Initially, only 3124: 2117: 2105: 1581:, who was the chief Minister of the province when India gained independence on 15 August 1947. The Madras Presidency became the 18687: 16007: 15987: 15967: 15767: 15340: 15004: 14999: 14245: 13991: 13971: 13946: 13936: 13886: 13858: 13853: 13848: 13432: 12664: 12390: 3450:

established a station in Madras. Cinemas became popular in the 1930s and 1940s with the first film in a South Indian language,

1478:

who, unhappy with the principles and policies of the Brahmin leadership of the provincial Congress, left the party to form the

7557: 2603:, 3.25 to 5 cwt. per acre and ragi, 4.25 to 5 cwt. per acre. The average gross turnout for food crops was 6.93 cwt. per acre. 16048: 15946: 15830: 15219: 14994: 14878: 13951: 13916: 13906: 13881: 13407: 13402: 11871: 10010: 9808: 9528: 9154: 8717: 8446: 8362: 8169: 8128: 8046: 8018: 7570: 1961: 1424:

became the first Chief Minister of the Madras Presidency but resigned soon after due to declining health and was replaced by

168: 6495: 1134:

were other notable insurrections against the British rule, but the Madras Presidency remained relatively undisturbed by the

14979: 14396: 13911: 13863: 9584: 3507: 3158: 1438: 145: 9115: 6805: 4290: 16239: 15020: 14625: 14325: 14093: 13896: 13427: 12933: 9798: 9742: 9385: 3199:

in 1867, was one of the first educational institutions outside Madras. The oldest engineering college in the presidency,

2205:

Madras forces under Lieutenant John de Morgan distinguished themselves in the siege of Fort St David and in putting down

1549:

Most of the Congress leadership and erstwhile ministers were arrested in 1942, as a result of their participation in the

2070:'s the legal right to Marry and also making it illegal to dedicate girls to Hindu temples was passed on 9 October 1947. 18697: 18682: 15962: 15410: 14989: 14843: 14146: 12893: 12691: 8315:

The Economics of Elementary Education in India: The Challenge of Public Finance, Private Provision, and Household Costs

6028: 5011: 1543: 4695: 4139: 15716: 15345: 15132: 14858: 14835: 11990: 9947: 9357: 9044: 9039: 8782: 8696: 8677: 8658: 8635: 8616: 8597: 8575: 8547: 8526: 8507: 8488: 8467: 8418: 8388: 8341: 8322: 8303: 8284: 8254: 8235: 8213: 8150: 8106: 8087: 8065: 7999: 7978: 7957: 7938: 7919: 7900: 7879: 7825: 7607: 2108:, known as the "jaghire" of Chingleput, obtained in 1763, was the first district in the Madras Presidency. Salem and 2100:

The origins of Madras Presidency lay in the village of Madraspatnam which was obtained in 1640. This was followed by

1924:

doctrine was quite popular. Worship of village gods was strong in the southern districts of the presidency while the

1730: 322: 17: 8265: 7890: 1281:

on 26 February 1852. However, the organisation did not last long. The Madras Native Association was followed by the

16269: 16264: 16091: 15941: 15916: 15350: 14948: 12913: 11857: 9996: 9783: 9778: 9049: 8457: 4316: 3240: 1702: 1456: 1050: 578: 7398: 7284: 17750: 16146: 15696: 15158: 10681: 9773: 9029: 4674: 2039: 1177: 242: 15681: 1334:

actively endorsed the campaign for independence. India's first trade union was established in Madras in 1918 by

1224:

of the Madras High Court for a few months in 1893, thereby becoming the first Indian to hold the post. In 1899,

18041: 16081: 15977: 15845: 15840: 15835: 15163: 14984: 14898: 14883: 14391: 14061: 13357: 12541: 12027: 10696: 10676: 9393: 9211: 8888: 8763: 7637: 3458:, released in 1916. The first sound films in Tamil and Telugu were made in 1931 while the first Kannada talkie 3209: 3200: 2151: 1940:

were regarded as the centres of the Hindu faith. Of the Hindu temples, the largest and most important were the

1408: 1045:

based in Calcutta. In September 1746, Fort St George was captured by the French, who ruled Madras as a part of

816: 226: 157: 6701: 1538:

in educational institutions, a measure which made him highly unpopular as a politician and sparked widespread

18707: 18624: 17229: 16274: 15931: 15792: 15445: 15335: 15066: 14754: 14749: 14275: 9473: 9099: 9034: 6466: 4700:. Published for the proprietors, Bennett, Coleman & Company, Limited, at the Times of India Press. 1975. 4398: 3217: 2859: 2752:. Trichinopoly, Madras and Dindigul were the main cheroot-producing areas. Until the discovery of artificial 1706: 525: 2436:

South Arcot. This involved the leasing of land to the principal cultivators, who in turn leased the land to

1232:

of the Madras Presidency. A number of roads, railways, dams and canals were constructed during this period.

15881: 14853: 14406: 14370: 14270: 14088: 14066: 13285: 12948: 12943: 12743: 11939: 11921: 11912: 11903: 11895: 11137: 10701: 10691: 9196: 9130: 9094: 9009: 7861:

T., Osborne; C. Hitch; A. Millar; John Rivington; S. Crowder; B. Law & Co; T. Longman; C. Ware (1765).

7322: 3499: 3358:

established the Widow Remarriage Association in Madras and advocated the remarriage of Brahmin widows. The

3345:

system was abolished by the Marmakkathayam Law of 1933. Numerous measures were taken to improve the lot of

3312: 3083:

The chief navigable waterways in the presidency were the canals in the Godavari and the Kistna deltas. The

2761:

brewery in the presidency was founded in the Nilgiri Hills in 1826. Coffee was cultivated in the region of

2043: 1941: 1533:

In 1937, the Indian National Congress was elected to power in the Presidency of Madras for the first time.

1351: 1240: 1197: 1193: 1007: 828: 642: 276: 65: 6549: 18692: 17429: 16161: 16111: 16086: 16071: 15911: 15425: 15173: 14868: 14305: 14046: 13300: 12188: 12045: 11995: 11985: 10686: 10045: 10037: 9734: 9256: 9231: 9191: 8977: 8930: 7837:

Slavery in America: With Notices of the Present State of Slavery and the Slave Trade Throughout the World

7584: 7516: 3419: 1546:, took over the administration and the unpopular law was eventually repealed by him on 21 February 1940. 1534: 1523: 1464: 1278: 1236: 1038: 754: 8267:

Land and Caste in South India: Agricultural Labor in the Madras Presidency During the Nineteenth Century

94: 18717: 18677: 16189: 15797: 15772: 15711: 15691: 15254: 15224: 14958: 14928: 14401: 14375: 14217: 13316: 13218: 13016: 12826: 12130: 11948: 11930: 11498: 9226: 9084: 9079: 3625: 3332: 3166: 3001: 1290:

sessions of the Indian National Congress took place in Madras in 1894, 1898, 1903 1908, 1914 and 1927.

452: 2213: 16171: 16126: 16096: 15640: 15435: 15415: 15097: 14953: 14908: 14553: 13542: 13494: 13422: 13372: 13095: 13034: 12148: 9818: 9765: 9246: 9221: 9216: 9186: 9062: 8955: 7522:

Memorandum of progress of the Madras Presidency during the last forty years of British Administration

3400: 3144:

telegraph line established in 1858, was extended to Madras in 1882, thereby connecting the city with

3028: 2973: 2443: 2317: 2155: 2129: 2055: 1650: 1445:

and nominated its supporting members. In the election of 1930, the Justice Party was victorious, and

1293: 1244: 1154: 1103: 1042: 947: 789: 4342: 1094:

added vast areas of land and contributed to the exponential growth of the presidency. The system of

18712: 17018: 16743: 16738: 16284: 16209: 15926: 15906: 15701: 15239: 15234: 15168: 15142: 15137: 14974: 13499: 13290: 12938: 12125: 12050: 11287: 11212: 10711: 10628: 10608: 10270: 9251: 9241: 8992: 8277:

Motivation And Morale in Banking Administration: A Study Of Four Branches Of United Commercial Bank

7696: 7663: 6275: 3236: 3228: 3162: 3069: 3065: 2997: 2926: 2281: 2141: 1578: 1519: 1286: 1285:

which was started on 16 May 1884. Of the 72 delegates who participated in the first session of the

1189: 1185: 1181: 11835: 8609:

The Emergence of Indian Nationalism: Competition and Collaboration in the Later Nineteenth Century

7361: 7142: 6195: 4932: 3687: 879:, founded in 1336. Following the empire's demise, the country was split amongst numerous sultans, 18256: 16234: 15901: 15871: 15866: 15420: 15279: 14800: 14764: 14452: 14447: 13463: 13321: 12989: 12953: 12736: 12576: 12556: 12523: 12115: 12055: 10055: 9866: 9493: 9178: 9123: 9067: 9014: 8775:

Twentieth Century Impressions of Ceylon: Its History, People, Commerce, Industries, and Resources

7771: 3365: 3244: 3178: 2595:

lands, which supported a population of 28 million. The rice yield was 7 to 10 cwt. per acre, the

2293: 2257: 1965: 1433: 1158: 1150: 635: 12591: 9974: 2622:

Irrigation along the east coast is carried out mostly by means of dams across rivers, lakes and

2386:

to the village administration. They also paid a specified sum to the Government. In return, the

2030:

and prevent potential misuse of their funds. Until the early years of the 20th century, certain

17639: 16798: 16648: 16638: 16633: 16513: 16204: 16121: 15861: 15782: 15686: 15229: 15025: 14790: 14355: 14300: 14280: 14071: 13468: 13447: 13382: 12908: 12285: 10774: 10328: 10138: 9513: 9503: 9428: 9024: 6662: 3573: 3213: 3128: 2432:

proved highly successful and was later implemented in the Madras Presidency from 1799 onwards.

2113: 1969: 1953: 1421: 1387: 1205: 960: 934: 903: 835:, a state of the Indian Union at the inauguration of the Republic of India on 26 January 1950. 769: 423: 199: 187: 11867: 8804: 7586:

Provincial Geographies of India:The Madras Presidency with Mysore, Coorg and Associated States

2981:

In the early days of the agency, the only means of transportation were bullock-carts known as

2719:

66.2 million. At the time of India's independence, imports of the presidency amounted to

2140:, Madura and Tinnevely were created out of the territories of the erstwhile Carnatic kingdom. 17284: 16678: 16388: 16294: 16244: 16214: 16194: 16151: 16063: 15726: 15494: 15244: 14923: 14888: 14681: 14538: 14533: 14528: 14505: 14340: 14335: 14315: 14310: 13766: 13509: 13238: 13168: 13148: 12100: 11808: 11724: 11262: 10849: 10418: 9906: 9886: 9846: 9508: 9073: 8966: 8352: 3877: 3600: 3568: 2837: 2035: 1945: 1674: 1586: 1539: 1479: 1413: 1394: 1339: 1282: 1081: 956: 598: 568: 303: 18702: 18251: 17790: 17785: 17259: 17179: 17013: 16353: 15812: 15757: 15731: 15673: 15635: 15440: 15309: 15289: 15048: 14933: 14903: 14589: 14295: 14260: 13741: 13728: 13570: 13514: 13442: 13347: 13295: 13118: 13080: 13012: 12979: 12888: 12883: 12856: 12571: 12366: 12080: 11977: 11850: 10558: 10323: 10183: 9989: 9339: 9315: 9145: 8756:

The Sepoy and the Raj: The Indian Army, 1860-1940 Studies in Military and Strategic History

8537: 4975: 3615: 3451: 3392: 3232: 3174: 3170: 3123:

The first organised postal service was established between Madras and Calcutta by Governor

2992: 2958: 2934: 2740: 2393:

The proprietary system was entirely different in the district of Malabar and the states of

2059: 1301: 1225: 1095: 1018: 742: 71: 10006: 4670: 4196: 3231:, established in 1842, is the oldest Hindu educational institution in the presidency. The 3181:

and Caroll V. Visvanatha Pillai of Ceylon were the first to graduate from the University.

8: 18481: 17955: 16713: 16643: 16563: 16553: 16518: 16443: 16254: 16249: 16229: 16199: 15936: 15489: 15450: 15430: 15314: 15304: 15092: 14873: 14823: 14734: 14706: 14645: 13771: 13703: 13655: 13635: 13565: 13504: 13269: 12923: 12841: 12654: 12649: 12546: 12361: 12305: 12295: 12254: 12249: 12234: 12194: 12140: 12085: 12017: 11916: 10513: 10158: 10148: 10090: 9911: 9841: 9488: 9398: 9331: 9275: 8138: 8075: 7732: 7618: 2446:

between 1820 and 1827. According to the new system, land was handed over directly to the

2085: 2011: 1820: 1678: 1654: 1550: 1248: 919: 907: 785: 7804: 7520: 18111: 17875: 17624: 17569: 17469: 17334: 16983: 16853: 16398: 16259: 16116: 15736: 15568: 15473: 15405: 15299: 15294: 15249: 14943: 14863: 14714: 14477: 14429: 14360: 14250: 14171: 14116: 13791: 13756: 13663: 13519: 13397: 13163: 13138: 12898: 12810: 12795: 12772: 12351: 12346: 12244: 12239: 12229: 12178: 12173: 12095: 12075: 12022: 10653: 10498: 10478: 10178: 10110: 10095: 10075: 10060: 10028: 9871: 9826: 9423: 9408: 9403: 9347: 8895: 8799: 8647: 7784: 7761: 7681: 7537: 7494: 7470:. T. Ward, and to be had at the office of the British and Foreign Anti-Slavery society. 6460: 4392: 3430: 3355: 3182: 2744: 2743:, Madras. The scarcity of cotton in Lancashire caused by a decline in trade due to the 2390:

s demanded non-interference by the government in the internal affairs of the villages.

2163: 2090: 2047: 1993:

who visited the Malabar coast in 52 AD Christians were mainly concentrated in the

1986: 1562: 1446: 1380: 1370: 1335: 1305: 1297: 1209: 1057: 915: 911: 876: 820: 801: 765: 618: 558: 290: 8561:. Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. 2223:

Artillery – Two European battalions of five companies each, with fifteen companies of

1617:. Present-day territories that were once part of the presidency are the whole Indian 768:

purchased the village of Madraspatnam and one year later it established the Agency of

18071: 17885: 17880: 17760: 17740: 16623: 16608: 16378: 16184: 15531: 15127: 14913: 14893: 14620: 14568: 14500: 14285: 14156: 14081: 14076: 13786: 13781: 13693: 13683: 13600: 13473: 13259: 13223: 13183: 13128: 13113: 12862: 12836: 12701: 12644: 12634: 12629: 12551: 12376: 12336: 12310: 12270: 12224: 12214: 12153: 12037: 12007: 11793: 11669: 11589: 11503: 11317: 11004: 10583: 10458: 10188: 10173: 10143: 10133: 10085: 10080: 10065: 9901: 9861: 9498: 9478: 9443: 9418: 8972: 8945: 8872: 8867: 8778: 8759: 8713: 8692: 8673: 8654: 8631: 8612: 8593: 8571: 8543: 8522: 8503: 8484: 8463: 8442: 8414: 8384: 8358: 8337: 8318: 8299: 8280: 8250: 8231: 8209: 8192: 8184: 8165: 8146: 8124: 8102: 8083: 8061: 8042: 8014: 7995: 7974: 7953: 7934: 7915: 7896: 7892:

A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: From Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century

7875: 7821: 7815: 7633: 7603: 7566: 5007: 3640: 3635: 3630: 3605: 3467: 3404: 3325: 3270: 3204: 3189: 2942: 2854: 2394: 2269: 2171: 2167: 2146: 2125: 2051: 1666: 1662: 1554: 1499: 1213: 1201: 1146: 1142: 1087: 968: 746: 738: 730: 726: 683: 856:. The first prominent rulers of the northern part of the future Presidency were the 18602: 18471: 18451: 18216: 17815: 17780: 17649: 17058: 16968: 16538: 16101: 15600: 15510: 15387: 15284: 14795: 14774: 14739: 14671: 14630: 14563: 14520: 14141: 13806: 13761: 13746: 13718: 13708: 13698: 13668: 13640: 13605: 13592: 13575: 13560: 13243: 13153: 13070: 12850: 12696: 12624: 12371: 12356: 12300: 12280: 12275: 12219: 11907: 11776: 11739: 11433: 11217: 11192: 10508: 10193: 10153: 10100: 9896: 9876: 9851: 9483: 9468: 9458: 9453: 9448: 9413: 7863:

The Modern part of a universal history from the Earliest Account of Time, Vol XLIII

4555:

Kumar, P. C. Vinoj (10 September 2003). "Anti-Hindi sentiments still alive in TN".

3533: 3084: 2930: 2922: 2867: 2639: 2623: 2611: 2367: 2285: 2109: 2054:

of Travancore had issued a similar had earlier introduced similar legislation, the

1998: 1690: 1670: 1313: 1229: 976: 797: 772:, precursor of the Madras Presidency, although there had been Company factories at 497: 6499: 3349:

outcasts. The Thirumala Tirupathi Devasthanams Act (1933), included Dalits in the

2606: 515: 18501: 18001: 17609: 17559: 17524: 17249: 17219: 17159: 17129: 17073: 16683: 16673: 16668: 16583: 16413: 16343: 15807: 15752: 15605: 15552: 15515: 14320: 14255: 13814: 13776: 13713: 13645: 13437: 13178: 13158: 13133: 13103: 13039: 12853: 12800: 12674: 12611: 12601: 12531: 12341: 12290: 12120: 12105: 12070: 12060: 11952: 11843: 11798: 11132: 10959: 10383: 10220: 10168: 10163: 10120: 10105: 10070: 10050: 9982: 9891: 9881: 9856: 9831: 9518: 9438: 9323: 9283: 9201: 9019: 9004: 8862: 8408: 4970: 3447: 3435: 3285: 3105: 3101: 3096: 3049: 2910: 2515: 2469:, or tribute, payable to the government in perpetuity was about £330,000 a year. 2265: 2236: 2023: 2015: 1838: 1658: 1618: 1475: 1459:

was appointed Chief Minister in his place. The Justice Party eventually lost the

1425: 1417: 1107: 1069: 1065: 1034: 927: 868: 366: 307: 253: 2829:

2.36 crores and revenue fund, Rs.5.02 crores. Total expenditure for 1946–47 was

2485:

72,665,330. Madras had forest coverage of 15,782 square miles (40,880 km).

2162:

There were five princely states subordinate to the Madras government. They were

1825: 18506: 18446: 18416: 18366: 18321: 18141: 17915: 17795: 17669: 17399: 17344: 17254: 17028: 16818: 16733: 16493: 16468: 16373: 16289: 16219: 16179: 15706: 15214: 14918: 14744: 14604: 14558: 14176: 13751: 13673: 13630: 13625: 13620: 13417: 13387: 13264: 13228: 13208: 13188: 12619: 12561: 12331: 12209: 12090: 11539: 11473: 11257: 11222: 11034: 10999: 10974: 10964: 10954: 10814: 10578: 10548: 10408: 10378: 10373: 10260: 10236: 10212: 10128: 9836: 9689: 9574: 9433: 9370: 9236: 9158: 8982: 8960: 8950: 8935: 8116: 7950:

Culture, creation, and procreation: concepts of kinship in South Asian practice

7667: 7580: 7533: 7477:

Standing Information regarding the Official Administration of Madras Presidency

6809: 4294: 3380: 3045: 2962: 2950: 2938: 2906: 2682: 1834: 1622: 1614: 1123: 894:, has a distinct history, language, and culture from its eastern counterparts. 860: 857: 758: 691: 687: 608: 442: 415: 117: 2662: 2492:

s were made permanent occupants of the land. However, far from protecting the

1870: 1049:

until 1749, when Madras was handed back to the British under the terms of the

963:

was built. An agency was created to govern the new settlement, and the factor

18671: 18653: 18640: 18521: 18516: 18461: 18421: 18381: 18236: 18201: 18176: 18101: 18046: 17980: 17719: 17654: 17644: 17619: 17604: 17514: 17474: 17234: 17169: 17124: 17083: 16963: 16868: 16803: 16723: 16573: 16503: 16483: 16453: 16438: 16423: 16333: 16224: 16131: 15610: 15584: 15536: 15319: 15209: 15122: 14769: 14686: 14472: 14467: 14240: 14207: 13796: 13736: 13688: 13489: 13143: 13108: 13085: 13049: 13044: 12928: 12846: 12805: 12790: 12659: 12315: 12163: 12012: 11934: 11786: 11781: 11694: 11659: 11629: 11624: 11529: 11418: 11152: 10929: 10914: 10754: 10573: 10563: 10523: 10413: 10363: 10343: 10303: 9719: 9634: 9541: 9206: 8925: 8920: 8913: 8223: 8011:

Mr Hopkins' Men: Cambridge Reform and British Mathematics in the 19th Century

7706:. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 288–291. 7691: 7595: 3548: 3384: 3372: 3251: 3127:

in 1712. After reform and regularisation, a new postal system was started by

3117: 3109: 3061: 3053: 3016: 3012: 2850: 2615: 2559: 2519: 2289: 2273: 2101: 1854: 1850: 1626: 1442: 1324: 1221: 1127: 1116: 1061: 955:

started harassing the local officers. The East India Company's administrator

880: 773: 679: 11758: 8181:

A concise history of Karnataka : from pre-historic times to the present

6032: 4132: 3250:

The Madras Presidency had the highest literacy rate of all the provinces in

2190: 800:

in 1938. By 1908, the province comprised twenty-two districts, each under a

18614: 18526: 18441: 18331: 18226: 18206: 18156: 18061: 18036: 18026: 18021: 17910: 17895: 17870: 17860: 17765: 17745: 17594: 17529: 17419: 17414: 17409: 17199: 17103: 16988: 16788: 16433: 16408: 16363: 16279: 15630: 15274: 15082: 14729: 14724: 14635: 14548: 14543: 14510: 14457: 14202: 14186: 14166: 14161: 14151: 14136: 13615: 13610: 13392: 13342: 13123: 13075: 12719: 12679: 12433: 12168: 12158: 12110: 12065: 11943: 11826: 11744: 11729: 11679: 11619: 11614: 11604: 11584: 11488: 11443: 11438: 11423: 11363: 11312: 11272: 11252: 11162: 11157: 11097: 11029: 10939: 10904: 10859: 10844: 10789: 10633: 10598: 10538: 10503: 10473: 10438: 10423: 10403: 10368: 10353: 10338: 10293: 9965: 9724: 9649: 9463: 9365: 8196: 7721: 7677: 3589:

Refreshment stall at a railway station in the Madras Presidency, c. a. 1895

3552: 3396: 2694: 2651: 2551: 2539: 2535: 2527: 2175: 2136:

of Hyderabad. In 1801, the districts of North Arcot, South Arcot, Nellore,

2027: 1990: 1582: 1471: 1429: 1309: 1269: 1217: 1135: 1091: 1046: 964: 942: 832: 482: 472: 379: 14584: 11968: 8628:

The Regional Roots of Developmental Politics in India: A Divided Leviathan

7695: 2022:, worshiped tribal gods and were often classified as Hindus. In 1921, the 906:(1533–1603) granted a group of English merchants a charter to establish a 18371: 18276: 18261: 18211: 18186: 18166: 18161: 18146: 18136: 18091: 18016: 17905: 17820: 17805: 17709: 17664: 17539: 17519: 17404: 17359: 17299: 17289: 17264: 17224: 17139: 17078: 16753: 16603: 16558: 15721: 15087: 14676: 14594: 14290: 13678: 13412: 13337: 13198: 13173: 13065: 12831: 12686: 12669: 12586: 12581: 12536: 12438: 11925: 11886: 11766: 11684: 11674: 11554: 11413: 11403: 11297: 11292: 11277: 11142: 11117: 11107: 11044: 11014: 10979: 10924: 10899: 10874: 10834: 10799: 10623: 10488: 10453: 10448: 10398: 9679: 9639: 9375: 8998: 8839: 3266: 3141: 3023: 2954: 2946: 2918: 2914: 2871: 2547: 2245: 2199: 2094: 1973: 1913: 1642: 1630: 1605: 1597: 1330: 1170: 1131: 996: 988: 872: 852:

from this portion of the subcontinent shows inhabitation as early as the

588: 462: 236: 220: 4320: 2670: 1122:

The period also witnessed a number of rebellions starting with the 1806

18511: 18466: 18411: 18401: 18351: 18326: 18316: 18221: 18196: 18131: 18006: 17996: 17970: 17965: 17960: 17935: 17925: 17825: 17659: 17509: 17454: 17449: 17369: 17349: 17319: 17244: 17189: 17154: 17098: 17003: 16998: 16913: 16888: 16843: 16838: 16808: 16783: 16758: 16708: 16618: 16613: 16568: 16533: 16498: 16418: 16403: 16368: 15204: 14759: 14640: 14365: 14212: 13367: 13203: 13193: 12974: 12969: 12639: 12478: 12463: 11803: 11714: 11704: 11634: 11569: 11549: 11544: 11493: 11468: 11428: 11398: 11393: 11342: 11332: 11267: 11227: 11167: 11049: 11024: 11019: 11009: 10909: 10879: 10829: 10824: 10764: 10613: 10603: 10593: 10588: 10483: 10468: 10358: 10313: 9714: 9684: 9569: 9536: 8585: 7991:

The Trading World of Asia and the English East India Company: 1660–1760

7817:

Southern India: Its History, People, Commerce, and Industrial Resources

7796:

Madras, the Birth Place of British India: An Illustrated Guide with Map

7386: 7347: 7272: 6478: 6476: 6358: 6356: 6181: 3514: 3376: 3337: 3301: 3196: 3073: 2894: 2875: 2783: 2711:

11.52 crores. During the same year, exports to other countries reached

2635: 2627: 2571: 2402: 2398: 2179: 1894: 1718: 1646: 1638: 1634: 1503: 1000: 923: 886:

The southwestern portions of the presidency, which together constitute

781: 734: 695: 2703:

In 1900–01, imports from other provinces of British India amounted to

1889: 18566: 18541: 18536: 18531: 18491: 18436: 18386: 18031: 17950: 17699: 17674: 17574: 17394: 17389: 17339: 17309: 17204: 17184: 17174: 16928: 16893: 16863: 16833: 16663: 16593: 16548: 16528: 16463: 16393: 14719: 14691: 14350: 14345: 14265: 14181: 13835: 12984: 12508: 12483: 12453: 12443: 11534: 11524: 11508: 11463: 11453: 11383: 11247: 11232: 11182: 11172: 11102: 10934: 10869: 10854: 10819: 10809: 10784: 10769: 10759: 10749: 10729: 10528: 10493: 10443: 10433: 10388: 10333: 10318: 10308: 10298: 10252: 9694: 9674: 9669: 9564: 9307: 9291: 9169: 8332:

Mill, John Stuart; John M. Robson; Martin Moir; Zawahir Moir (1996).

7474: 7356: 7317: 7137: 6657: 6280: 6190: 5466: 5454: 5442: 5427: 5415: 5396: 5384: 5369: 5357: 5345: 5324: 5171: 5159: 5123: 5096: 5081: 4859: 4806: 4726: 3682: 3471: 3425: 3041: 3007: 2986: 2898: 2886: 2846: 2779: 2775: 2757: 2687: 2656: 2555: 2374:

in the village were vested in a single individual who was called the

2347: 2312: 2261: 1994: 1878: 1842: 1710: 1698: 1451: 1318: 887: 864: 853: 711: 703: 8080:

Open Letters to Lord Curzon on Famines and Land Assessments in India

6473: 6393: 6353: 6305: 6303: 5963: 5961: 5948: 5946: 5933: 5931: 5918: 5916: 5891: 5889: 5887: 5862: 5860: 5806: 5748: 5746: 5733: 5731: 5729: 5716: 5714: 5658: 5656: 5643: 5641: 5604: 5602: 5177: 3305:. Untouchables lived outside village limits in small hamlets called 3169:

with the addition of a college department. On 5 September 1857, the

2461:

By the early 20th century, the greater part of the land was held by

937:

in India on behalf of the company. The first of these were built at

18556: 18476: 18456: 18431: 18311: 18301: 18246: 18171: 17940: 17930: 17890: 17850: 17845: 17835: 17735: 17459: 17329: 17134: 17023: 16778: 16578: 16478: 16348: 14696: 14655: 14599: 14495: 14462: 13233: 12596: 12503: 12493: 12423: 12408: 12403: 11865: 11734: 11664: 11649: 11644: 11639: 11609: 11599: 11559: 11458: 11448: 11373: 11358: 11242: 11237: 11202: 11187: 11177: 11147: 11127: 11092: 11054: 10994: 10969: 10944: 10919: 10894: 10864: 10839: 10804: 10744: 10739: 10648: 10618: 10553: 10543: 10533: 10518: 10463: 10428: 10244: 9704: 9624: 9614: 9604: 9599: 9579: 8480:

Passions of the Tongue: Language Devotion in Tamil India, 1891–1970

6705: 6684: 6682: 6680: 5039: 5037: 5035: 4969:

Parvathi Menon (2000). Alice Thorner; Maithreyi Krishnaraj (eds.).

4812: 4778: 4776: 4774: 4761: 4759: 4497: 4495: 3948: 3924: 3912: 3888: 3360: 3321: 3255: 3221: 3057: 2675: 2505: 2419: 2359: 2321: 2154:

which was subject to the District Collector of Vizagapatam and the

2067: 1937: 1933: 1917: 1487: 1483: 1265: 1030: 975:. By 1641, Fort St George became the company's headquarters on the 952: 930: 793: 4379:. 13 September 2003. Archived from the original on 12 January 2009 3399:

were the most popular. An annual cricket tournament, known as the

3368:. Most of the pioneers of social reform were Indian nationalists. 1361: 18486: 18406: 18346: 18271: 18011: 17945: 17810: 17800: 17770: 17755: 17614: 17209: 17164: 16993: 16938: 16903: 16858: 16813: 16773: 16488: 14650: 13377: 13213: 12759: 12566: 12513: 12488: 12468: 12448: 12428: 12418: 11958: 11771: 11719: 11709: 11699: 11654: 11579: 11574: 11564: 11483: 11478: 11388: 11322: 11282: 11207: 11197: 11122: 11112: 11087: 11064: 10989: 10984: 10884: 10724: 10658: 10643: 10568: 10283: 10228: 10004: 9654: 9644: 9629: 9299: 8275:

Kumar, Naresh (2003). "Historical Background of Banking System".

8030:

The Growth of public opinion in the Madras Presidency (1858–1909)

6824: 6300: 5997: 5985: 5973: 5958: 5943: 5928: 5913: 5901: 5884: 5872: 5857: 5743: 5726: 5711: 5653: 5638: 5626: 5614: 5599: 5587: 5556: 4631: 3517: 3388: 3371:

Traditional pastimes and forms of recreation in rural areas were

3137: 2902: 2791: 2753: 2749: 2523: 2277: 2007: 1977: 1957: 1949: 1921: 1909: 1882: 1874: 1846: 1686: 1566: 1404: 1022: 824: 777: 108: 15993:

Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (India)

8519:

Encyclopaedia of violence against women and dowry death in India

8188: 7776:

History of the Tamils from the Earliest Times to the Present Day

6677: 6625: 6623: 6610: 6608: 6606: 5847: 5845: 5830: 5818: 5796: 5794: 5792: 5677: 5675: 5673: 5671: 5577: 5575: 5573: 5571: 5141: 5032: 5020: 5001: 4971:"Ideals, Images and Real Lives: Women in Literature and History" 4956:

Untouchability in India: implementation of the law and abolition

4877: 4771: 4756: 4492: 4480: 4468: 4456: 4444: 4432: 4420: 3486:

A Westernized middle-class urban Tamil Brahmin couple. c.a .1945

2965:

were some of the leading banks headquartered in the presidency.

1490:, and Hindu superstitions in periodicals and newspapers such as 745:

to the north. Some parts of the presidency were also flanked by

18336: 18066: 17975: 17865: 17775: 17544: 17479: 16848: 16698: 16473: 16458: 16358: 12458: 12413: 11875: 11594: 11408: 11378: 11368: 11337: 11327: 11059: 10949: 10889: 10794: 10638: 10348: 10014: 9699: 9664: 9659: 9619: 9609: 9589: 8834: 6646: 6644: 6642: 6640: 6638: 4901: 4732: 4536: 3714: 3446:

Regular radio service in the presidency commenced in 1938 when

3317: 3293: 3145: 3113: 2890: 2863: 2841: 2786:. In 1947, Madras had 3,761 factories with 276,586 operatives. 2770: 2732: 2575: 2567: 2563: 2543: 2224: 2137: 2121: 2031: 2019: 1981: 1929: 1714: 1682: 1613:

At its greatest extent, the Madras Presidency included much of

1145:

in 1831 on allegations of maladministration and restored it to

1112: 891: 849: 750: 715: 707: 699: 7549:

Madras Tercentenary Celebration Committee Commemoration Volume

5129: 3621:

List of colonial governors and presidents of Madras Presidency

3177:

as a model with the first examinations held in February 1858.

1474:

movement emerged in the Madras Presidency. It was launched by

17554: 17194: 14235: 12398: 11689: 11302: 11039: 10779: 10734: 10719: 10393: 10288: 10278: 9594: 9559: 8987: 7465: 7058: 7046: 7034: 6860: 6836: 6786: 6620: 6603: 6591: 5842: 5789: 5687: 5668: 5568: 5438: 5436: 5411: 5409: 5407: 5405: 5380: 5378: 5341: 5339: 5337: 5335: 5333: 4507: 3346: 2766: 2762: 2666:

Textile showroom of M. V. Cunniah Chetty and Sons, circa 1914

2382:

s were required to donate a certain amount of money known as

2133: 2003: 1925: 1902: 1694: 1514: 1235:

Two large famines occurred in Madras during this period, the

1026: 938: 812:

with villages making up the smallest unit of administration.

784:

was appointed as president. In 1785, under the provisions of

404: 8162:

Mining the home movie: excavations in histories and memories

8099:

Regional Surveys of the world: Far East and Australasia 2003

7662: 7620:

Hand-book to the cotton cultivation in the Madras presidency

6635: 5119: 5117: 5092: 5090: 5077: 5075: 5073: 5071: 5069: 5067: 4526: 4524: 4522: 4271: 4259: 2112:

districts were obtained from Tipu Sultan in 1792 as per the

12498: 12473: 11307: 9709: 3088: 2531: 2438: 2406: 972: 719: 112: 12728: 7910:

Anantha Raman, Sita; Vasantha Surya; A. Mātavaiyā (2005).

7872:

A field of one's own: gender and land rights in South Asia

6540: 6538: 6536: 6534: 6521: 6519: 6517: 6410: 6408: 6383: 6381: 6379: 6377: 6375: 6373: 6371: 6326: 6324: 6322: 6320: 6318: 6091: 6089: 6052: 6050: 5460: 5448: 5433: 5421: 5402: 5390: 5375: 5363: 5351: 5330: 5318: 5315:

The Sepoy and the Raj: The Indian Army, 1860-1940, Page:16

4853: 4720: 4247: 4235: 2707:

13.43 crores while exports to other provinces amounted to

1441:, set up a cross-party government under the leadership of 897: 686:. At its greatest extent, the presidency included most of 8039:

Religion and nationalism in India: the case of the Punjab

6694: 6581: 6579: 6145: 6143: 5114: 5087: 5064: 4865: 4519: 8160:

Ishizuka, Karen L.; Zimmermann, Patricia Rodden (2008).

7593: 7022: 7010: 6998: 6774: 6564: 6420: 5496: 4800: 4577:"Language Devotion in Tamil India, 1891–1970, Chapter 4" 4570: 4568: 4566: 4309: 4180: 3265:

was passed after its introduction by Education Minister

3185:

was the first Indian Vice-Chancellor of the University.

1037:. In September 1774, by Pitt's India Act, passed by the 432:, distributed by the British Information Services (1942) 9090:

List of princely states of British India (alphabetical)

8432:. Malaviya Adhyayan Sansthan, Banaras Hindu University. 7342: 7340: 7205: 7181: 7004: 6531: 6514: 6405: 6368: 6315: 6113: 6101: 6086: 6074: 6062: 6047: 6021: 6009: 5102: 4953: 4583: 4317:"Biography of the founders of the Theosophical Society" 3936: 2477:

9,783,167 and 58,904,798 acres (238,379.26 km) of

1565:

was then elected as Chief Minister with the support of

987:

Andrew Cogan was succeeded by Francis Day (1643–1644),

982: 15877:

Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute

8849:

Italics = areas outside present-day India and Pakistan

8430:

Mahāmanā Madan Mohan Malaviya: An Historical Biography

6958: 6956: 6943: 6941: 6892: 6890: 6877: 6875: 6576: 6258: 6256: 6155: 6140: 4068: 3658: 2352: 1075: 7889:

Ahmed, Farooqui Salma; Ahmed Farooqui, Salma (2011).

7193: 7169: 7016: 6992: 6798: 6176: 6174: 6172: 6170: 4563: 3269:. Under the bill's provisions, the governing body of 1482:. Periyar, as he was alternatively known, criticised 14057:

Chennai Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board

8706:

Thorpe, Edgar; Showick Thorpe; Thorpe Edgar (2011).

8500:

The Proudest Day – India's Long Ride to Independence

7967:

Chatterjee, Indrani; Eaton, Richard Maxwell (2006).

7814:

Playne, Somerset; J. W. Bond; Arnold Wright (1914).

7492: 7425: 7337: 7112: 6866: 6842: 6792: 6629: 6614: 6597: 6482: 6399: 6362: 5851: 5812: 5800: 5693: 5681: 5581: 5183: 5004:

Woman, Her History and Her Struggle for Emancipation

4818: 4738: 3954: 3930: 3918: 3894: 3720: 3283:

states of Travancore and Cochin which practised the

2801:

57 crores in 1946–47 made as follows: Land revenue,

2232:

Native Infantry – Eleven regiments of two battalions

1502:, which campaigned for the right of untouchables in 1407:

was created in Madras Presidency in 1920 as per the

843: 8738:

The Nattukottai Chettiar Merchant Bankers in Ceylon

8539:

East India Company the Worlds Most Powerful Company

7413: 6980: 6968: 6953: 6938: 6926: 6887: 6872: 6488: 6253: 4115: 4113: 4098: 2340: 2220:

European Infantry – Two battalions of ten companies

1119:were the last places to be annexed by the British. 8646: 7124: 6268: 6167: 5297: 5285: 4947: 3532:Hindu devotees in procession around the temple at 2977:Map of the Madras and South Mahratta Railway lines 2626:. The main source of water for agriculture in the 1184:. The council was reformed and expanded under the 7760:G. F., Major MacMunn; Major A. C. Lovett (1911). 7600:Castes and Tribes of Southern India Vol. I to VII 7539:Economic Studies Vol I:Some South Indian villages 7466:British and Foreign Anti-slavery Society (1841). 6210: 5779: 5777: 5775: 5773: 5771: 5769: 5767: 5765: 5763: 5761: 5273: 5261: 5249: 5237: 5225: 4913: 4283: 4125: 4085: 4083: 2723:71.32 crores a year while exports were valued at 2698:Workshops of the Madras Automobiles Ltd., c. 1904 1308:in 1882. The society's most prominent figure was 18669: 12919:1932 Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway Strike 7100: 6498:. District Collectorate, Chennai. Archived from 5213: 5201: 5189: 4831: 4829: 4827: 4548: 4110: 3972: 3466:in 1938. There were film studios at Coimbatore, 3462:was made in 1934 and the first Malayalam talkie 3403:, was held between Indians and Europeans during 3019:with the Indian mainland was constructed in 1914 2901:, Bangalore, and Cochin, as well as a branch in 2509:A 1936 map of rice stations in Madras Presidency 1553:. In 1944, Periyar renamed the Justice Party as 1149:(1881–94), the grandson and heir of the deposed 265:• Fort St. George elevated to a Presidency 27:Administrative subdivision of India through 1950 13541: 8883:Presidency of Coromandel and Bengal Settlements 8747:Faction and front: Party systems in South India 7686:. Adyar, Madras: Theosophical Publishing House. 7653: 7437: 7265: 6764: 6762: 6737: 6735: 6447:. Archived from the original on 24 October 2008 6231: 6229: 6227: 6225: 6031:. Madras Stock Exchange Limited. Archived from 5054: 5052: 3787: 3785: 3783: 3781: 3779: 3777: 3173:was established as an examining body using the 2646: 2064:Madras Devadasis (Prevention of Dedication) Act 1254: 831:came from Madras. Madras was later admitted as 9933:List of urban agglomerations in Andhra Pradesh 9928:List of cities in Andhra Pradesh by population 6432: 5758: 5532: 5520: 5508: 4968: 4671:"The State Legislature – Origin and Evolution" 4335: 4189:"Willing to strike and not reluctant to wound" 4080: 3960: 3857: 3845: 2968: 2330:List of zamindari estates in Madras Presidency 2042:, the trust which manages the Hindu temple at 1522:came to power for the first time in 1937 with 12744: 11851: 9990: 9131: 8820: 8222: 8206:Pop culture India: media, arts, and lifestyle 7627: 7508:. Madras: South Indian Railway Company. 1926. 7157: 7059:British and Foreign Anti-slavery Society 1841 7047:British and Foreign Anti-slavery Society 1841 7035:British and Foreign Anti-slavery Society 1841 6241: 5195: 4841: 4824: 4744: 4627:"INDIA (FAILURE OF CONSTITUTIONAL MACHINERY)" 4530: 4410: 4408: 4319:. Theosophical Society, Adyar. Archived from 4094:. Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaysia Press. 3900: 3863: 3851: 3791: 3768: 3756: 3744: 3732: 3611:Administrative divisions of Madras Presidency 3274:Vice-Chancellor appointed by the Chancellor. 2500: 2458:entered into a contract with the Government. 2292:, and the invasion of Upper Burma during the 2194:A British officer in the Madras Light Cavalry 2080:Administrative divisions of Madras Presidency 1090:(1782–99), Maruthu Pandyar, Velu Thampi, and 867:. The country recovered under the subsequent 725:The Madras Presidency was neighboured by the 718:was the winter capital of the presidency and 643: 16157:Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Hospital 9943:List of urban local bodies in Andhra Pradesh 8568:C. Rajagopalachari: Role in Freedom Movement 7306: 7304: 7302: 7253: 6914: 6848: 6759: 6747: 6732: 6343: 6341: 6339: 6222: 6130: 6128: 5544: 5049: 4223: 4211: 4157: 4056: 4044: 4032: 4020: 4008: 3774: 3762: 3195:The Government Arts College, established in 1509: 1467:became Chief Minister of Madras Presidency. 1157:was annexed in 1855, following the death of 9938:List of revenue divisions in Andhra Pradesh 9105:Territorial evolution of the British Empire 8758:. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. p. 16. 8729:Tribes of India – The Struggle for Survival 8274: 8245:Kulke, Hermann; Dietmar Rothermund (2004). 7798:. The Madras Times Printing and Publishing. 7710: 7515: 7483: 7241: 7229: 7217: 6902: 6780: 6426: 6161: 6149: 5165: 5153: 5002:B. S. Chandrababu; L. Thilagavathi (2009). 4651: 3750: 3738: 3726: 2534:, beans, onions, garlic and spices such as 2276:of the 18th century, the British attack on 1713:. The presidency had its winter capital at 1164: 933:(1569–1627) to permit the establishment of 16077:Government Multi Super-speciality Hospital 14428: 14052:Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority 13011: 12751: 12737: 11858: 11844: 9997: 9983: 9138: 9124: 8827: 8813: 8772: 8649:Religion and Social Conflict in South Asia 7770: 7040: 6720: 6570: 6438: 5699: 4925: 4663: 4405: 4293:. Indian National Congress. Archived from 4089: 3664: 3161:, a University Board was established with 3112:'s plane carrying air-mail from Bombay to 2715:11.74 crores while imports were valued at 1386:who founded the Justice Party in 1916 and 1261:Indian independence movement in Tamil Nadu 650: 636: 93: 15778:Veterinary and Animal Sciences University 12904:1921 Buckingham and Carnatic Mills Strike 8413:. New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company. 7555: 7503: 7299: 7088: 6336: 6125: 4574: 4365: 3942: 3833: 3418:which was established by freedom-fighter 1893:Muslim (called in English at the time as 15803:Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University 8727:von Fürer-Haimendorf, Christoph (1982). 8074: 7931:Quality of Work Life in Commercial Banks 7852: 7690: 7559:Odisha District Gazetteers: Nabarangapur 5502: 5108: 4174: 4138:. High Court, Madras. 2007. p. 17. 3022: 3006: 2991: 2972: 2797:The total revenue of the presidency was 2693: 2681: 2669: 2661: 2650: 2605: 2550:and peanuts. Fruits cultivated included 2504: 2311: 2235: 2189: 1888: 1869: 1824: 1604: 1596: 1513: 1449:became Chief Minister. The exclusion of 1379:The non-Brahmin movement was started by 1264: 1251:caused discontent among the population. 1228:became the first Indian to be appointed 1012: 743:Nizam's Dominions of Hyderabad and Berar 15788:SRM Institute of Science and Technology 8668:Srinivas, Mysore Narasimhachar (1982). 8244: 8058:Social background of Indian nationalism 7856:. Babu Bhishambher Nath Bhargava. 1922. 7753:Peeps at many lands: Home Life in India 7750: 7669:South India and her Muhammadan Invaders 7381: 7379: 7199: 6986: 6974: 6962: 6947: 6932: 6881: 6651:Jebaraj, Priscilla (5 September 2008). 6650: 6180: 4889: 4704:from the original on 19 September 2017. 4619: 3906: 3678:"They administered our region HERITAGE" 3341:contracts as legal marriages while the 3116:via Bellary. This was the beginning of 2599:yields were 3.5 to 6.25 cwt. per acre, 2566:. In addition, cabbages, cauliflowers, 1901:In 1901, the population breakdown was: 1829:Linguistic map of the Madras Presidency 1397:and took over the Justice party in 1944 898:Early English trading posts (1600–1639) 14: 18670: 15988:Structural Engineering Research Centre 15968:National Institute of Ocean Technology 15341:Chennai Contract Carriage Bus Terminus 8712:. Dorling Kindersly (India) Pvt. Ltd. 8521:. Anmol Publications Private Limited. 8383:. Anmol Publications Private Limited. 8354:Euro-English: assessing variety status 7715:. Executive Committee of the Congress. 6808:. Annamalai University. Archived from 6704:. University of Kerala. Archived from 5006:. Bharathi Puthakalayam. p. 264. 4168: 3875: 3702: 3410:The presidency's first newspaper, the 3277: 2046:. In 1939, the Congress government of 1749: 804:, and it was further sub-divided into 16315: 15831:Indian Institute of Technology Madras 15661: 15385: 15220:Chennai Port - Maduravoyal Expressway 15046: 14821: 14427: 14114: 13540: 13010: 12770: 12732: 11839: 9978: 9119: 8808: 8753: 7912:A. Madhaviah: A Biography and a Novel 7860: 7623:. J. Higginbotham and Pharaoh and Co. 4871: 4708: 4554: 4343:"BBC Historic Figures – Annie Besant" 2825:8.45 crores; Extraordinary receipts, 2366:among Muslims and Christians. In the 2249:infantry and three local battalions. 1463:to the Indian National Congress, and 1212:became the first Indian judge of the 676:administrative subdivision (province) 18723:1652 establishments in British India 8726: 8592:. East West Books (Madras) Pvt Ltd. 8565: 7813: 7759: 7720:Codrington, Humphry William (1926). 7496:The Imperial Gazetteer of India 1908 7486:The India List and India Office List 7376: 6288:from the original on 6 November 2012 5303: 5291: 5279: 5267: 5255: 5243: 5231: 5219: 5207: 4542: 4353:from the original on 8 November 2012 4145:from the original on 8 February 2012 4133:"Report of the High Court of Madras" 3996: 3227:Among the private institutions, the 3064:was opened for traffic in 1914. The 2686:Parry & Co. sugar refineries at 2583:, 10 percent; ragi, 5.4 percent and 2546:along with vegetable oils made from 2428:settlement established in Bengal by 1572: 1345: 983:Agency of Fort St George (1640–1684) 914:. Subsequently, during the reign of 18620: 15361:State Express Transport Corporation 14626:Chennai International Film Festival 14094:Tamil Nadu Fire and Rescue Services 7809:. Methodist Episcopal Church Press. 7741: 7493:Hunter, Sir William Wilson (1908). 7484:Great Britain India Office (1905). 7346: 7271: 7133:"When the devadasi tradition ended" 3984: 1962:Ranganathaswamy temple at Srirangam 1216:despite strong opposition from the 1161:(1832–1855) who left no male heir. 1126:. The rebellion of Velu Thambi and 1088:Successful wars against Tipu Sultan 1076:During the Company rule (1801–1858) 24: 16879:Sathyamoorthy Nagar (Tiruvottiyur) 15973:Institute of Mathematical Sciences 15963:Central Leather Research Institute 15356:Metropolitan Transport Corporation 14147:Koyambedu Wholesale Market Complex 12894:Bombardment of Madras by SMS Emden 11767:Kolathunadu (Kingdom of Cannanore) 8406: 8381:Encyclopaedia of Political Parties 8143:Queen Victoria: A Personal History 7948:Böck, Monika; Rao, Aparna (2000). 7928: 7742:F. E., Penny; Lady Lawley (1914). 7547:Tercentenary Madras Staff (1939). 7385: 7311:M., Allirajan (17 November 2003). 7310: 7130: 6029:"History of Madras Stock Exchange" 4186: 2240:A Jamadar of the 20th Deccan Horse 1744: 1141:The Madras Presidency annexed the 279:but retains title of "Presidency" 277:Madras becomes a province of India 25: 18739: 13428:University of Madras Senate House 9948:List of mandals of Andhra Pradesh 9045:United Provinces of British India 9040:United Provinces of Agra and Oudh 8793: 8410:The political career of K Kamaraj 7970:Slavery & South Asian History 7789:. Madras: G. A. Natesan & Co. 7755:. London: A. & C. Black, Ltd. 7676: 7546: 6653:"Ongoing saga of higher learning" 6439:Srinivasan, T. A. (8 July 2005). 6284:. Chennai, India. 12 April 2004. 6216: 4277: 4265: 4187:S., Muthiah (13 September 2003). 4119: 3551:bride and groom belonging to the 2073: 1942:Venkateswara temple at Thirupathi 1731:Demographics of Madras Presidency 844:Before the arrival of the English 18619: 18608: 18598: 18597: 16884:Sathyamoorthy Nagar (Vyasarpadi) 16092:Kilpauk Medical College Hospital 16044:Sri Lanka Deputy High Commission 15662: 15351:Madhavaram Mofussil Bus Terminus 12914:1928 South Indian Railway Strike 12713: 11967: 11866: 11820: 10005: 9959: 9147: 8121:Rural Society in Southeast India 7794:Newell, Herbert Andrews (1919). 7783:Mazumdar, Amvika Charan (1917). 7664:Aiyangar, Sakkottai Krishnaswami 7360:. Chennai, India. Archived from 7321:. Chennai, India. Archived from 7141:. Chennai, India. Archived from 7131:S., Muthiah (17 December 2007). 7076: 7064: 7052: 7028: 6702:"University of Kerala Home page" 6661:. Chennai, India. Archived from 6445:The Hindu: Entertainment Chennai 6194:. Chennai, India. Archived from 5484: 5472: 5309: 4954:Rāmacandra Kshīrasāgara (1986). 4373:"A clarion call against the Raj" 4195:. Chennai, India. Archived from 4090:Frykenberg, Robert Eric (1968). 3582: 3560: 3541: 3525: 3506: 3491: 3479: 3087:was cut in 1806 at a cost of 90 2794:and was a lucrative profession. 2522:as well as vegetables including 2128:in 1799. The territories of the 1369: 1360: 926:were sent to negotiate with the 579:British rule in Portuguese India 422: 384: 359: 78: 64: 18728:1950 disestablishments in India 12542:Dhalapathar Parda & Fabrics 8570:. Anmol Publications PVT. LTD. 8427: 7966: 7719: 7628:Wheeler, James Talboys (1996). 7617:Wheeler, James Talboys (1862). 7082: 6496:"Historical Events at a Glance" 6441:"Swept off its feet, literally" 6276:"Building a bank, the MCt. way" 4995: 4962: 4958:. Deep & Deep Publications. 4788: 4697:The Illustrated Weekly of India 4688: 4675:Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly 4635:. 16 April 1946. Archived from 4632:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 4607: 4595: 4163: 3869: 3821: 3809: 3797: 2229:Native Cavalry – Four regiments 2185: 2040:Tirumala Tirupathi Devasthanams 1724: 1569:and served for eleven months. 1470:During the 1920s and 1930s, an 714:in the modern day. The city of 690:, including all of present-day 304:Madras becomes a state of India 16316: 16024:British Deputy High Commission 15983:Regional Meteorological Centre 15978:Chennai Mathematical Institute 15846:Alagappa College of Technology 15841:Madras Institute of Technology 15836:College of Engineering, Guindy 14849:Anantha Padmanabhaswami Temple 14062:Chennai Police Commissionerate 8917:(associated, in Yemen, Arabia) 8889:Straits Settlements Presidency 8800:Coins of the Madras Presidency 8777:. Asian Educational Services. 8476: 8437:Patnaik, Nihar Ranjan (1997). 8296:Tamil Nadu: An Unfinished Task 8293: 8179:Kamath, Suryanath U. (2001) . 8027: 7994:. Cambridge University Press. 7987: 7933:. Discovery Publishing House. 7874:. Cambridge University Press. 7843: 7820:. Asian Educational Services. 7656:The Aristocracy of South India 7632:. Asian Educational Services. 5783: 5538: 5526: 5514: 5058: 4847: 4835: 4750: 4589: 4229: 4217: 4120:Tercentenary Madras Staff 1939 4062: 4050: 4038: 4026: 3815: 3670: 3210:Madras Institute of Technology 3201:College of Engineering, Guindy 3136:stationed in Madras city. The 2307: 2152:Vizagapatam Hill Tracts Agency 1651:Malabar region of North Kerala 1498:. He also participated in the 1300:moved the headquarters of the 1106:(1798–1805) also brought many 819:of 1917, Madras was the first 13: 1: 18688:Presidencies of British India 16275:The Raintree Hotel Anna Salai 16270:Raintree Hotel St Mary's Road 15336:Chennai Mofussil Bus Terminus 15067:Chennai International Airport 15047: 13433:Southern Railway headquarters 9100:Subdivisions of British India 8686: 8667: 8400:Matrilineal system in Malabar 8313:Mehrotra, Santosh K. (2006). 8312: 8203: 8159: 8082:. Adamant Media Corporation. 7846:The Statesman's Yearbook 1950 7782: 7683:How India Wrought for freedom 7579: 7443: 7431: 7419: 6896: 6854: 6309: 6003: 5991: 5979: 5967: 5952: 5937: 5922: 5907: 5895: 5878: 5866: 5836: 5824: 5752: 5737: 5720: 5662: 5647: 5632: 5620: 5608: 5593: 5562: 5147: 5135: 5043: 5026: 4883: 4782: 4765: 4253: 4241: 3708: 3686:. 4 June 2007. Archived from 3646: 3443:by the Gantz family in 1868. 2860:Buckingham and Carnatic Mills 1609:Madras province (South), 1909 1601:Madras province (North), 1909 672:Presidency of Fort St. George 526:Portuguese East India Company 213:Madras Provincial Legislature 99:The Madras Presidency in 1913 15882:National Institute of Siddha 15697:Cholamandal Artists' Village 15682:Alliance Française de Madras 14854:Anjaneya Temple, Nanganallur 14822: 14089:Tamil Nadu Electricity Board 13286:Arignar Anna Zoological Park 12949:2013 Anti-Sri Lanka protests 12944:2004 Indian Ocean earthquake 12877:Modern period (1900–present) 9424:Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Konaseema 9095:Residencies of British India 9010:North-West Frontier Province 8736:W. S., Weerasooriya (1973). 8709:The Pearson CSAT Manual 2011 8630:. Indiana University Press. 8584: 8557:S. A., Govindarajan (1969). 8483:. University of California. 8436: 8398:P. V., Balakrishnan (1981). 8183:. Bangalore: Jupiter books. 8137: 7973:. Indiana University Press. 7909: 7869: 7865:. London: Oxford University. 7711:Christophers, S. R. (1927). 7488:. London: Harrison and Sons. 7259: 7247: 7235: 7223: 7211: 7118: 6908: 6768: 6753: 6741: 6585: 6525: 6414: 6387: 6330: 6119: 6107: 6095: 6080: 6068: 6056: 6015: 5550: 4074: 4014: 3876:Sohail, Sara (10 May 2019). 3651: 3500:M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar 3333:Malabar Marriage Act of 1896 3218:Government Teacher's College 3151: 3060:on the Indian mainland with 2813:4.48 crores; Stamp revenue, 2647:Trade, industry and commerce 2104:which was acquired in 1690. 2058:at the advice of his Diwan, 1814: 1592: 1352:Diarchy in Madras Presidency 1255:Indian Independence movement 1220:media. He also acted as the 1198:Government of India Act 1935 1194:Government of India Act 1919 1008:History of Madras Presidency 904:Queen Elizabeth I of England 829:Indian independence movement 36:Presidency of Fort St George 7: 16594:Kaviarasu Kannadhasan Nagar 16162:Sundaram Medical Foundation 16112:Sir Ivan Stedeford Hospital 16072:Government General Hospital 15793:B S Abdur Rahman University 15426:Mayor Radhakrishnan Stadium 14980:Church of Our Lady of Light 14869:Bodyguard Muniswaran Temple 14306:Madras Atomic Power Station 14115: 14047:Greater Chennai Corporation 13543:Administration and politics 12820:Colonial period (1500–1900) 12771: 12758: 9484:Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore 8978:Central Provinces and Berar 8931:Andaman and Nicobar Islands 8731:. University of California. 8705: 8645:Smith, Bardwell L. (1976). 8477:Ramaswamy, Sumathi (1997). 8378: 8350: 8178: 7914:. Oxford University Press. 7895:. Pearson Education India. 7848:. London: Macmillan and Co. 7793: 7616: 7532: 7391:"The innovative film-maker" 6688: 6548:. Air India. Archived from 4907: 4794: 4579:. University of California. 4575:Ramaswamy, Sumathi (1997). 4501: 4486: 4474: 4462: 4450: 4438: 4426: 4414: 4002: 3990: 3839: 3827: 3594: 3571:gentleman belonging to the 3420:Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty 2969:Transport and communication 2614:was constructed across the 2353: 2341: 2207:Richard Raworth's Rebellion 1865: 1535:Chakravarti Rajagopalachari 1524:Chakravarti Rajagopalachari 1465:Chakravarti Rajagopalachari 1279:Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty 1039:Parliament of Great Britain 755:Central Provinces and Berar 243:Madras Legislative Assembly 10: 18744: 17280:Kakkalur Industrial Estate 16240:Park Sheraton & Towers 16142:Government Dental Hospital 15798:Tamil Nadu Open University 15773:Indian Maritime University 15768:Dr Ambedkar Law University 14959:Varasiddhi Vinayaka temple 14929:Mundaka Kanni Amman Temple 13317:Nanmangalam Reserve Forest 13219:Thervoy Kandigai reservoir 12131:Maritime history of Odisha 9085:Divisions of British India 9080:Districts of British India 8836:Presidencies and provinces 8749:. Young Asia Publications. 8744: 8672:. Transaction Publishers. 8644: 8625: 8439:Economic History of Orissa 8263: 8115: 8055: 8008: 7888: 7834: 7802: 7713:The Indian Empire Souvenir 7512:Madras District Gazetteers 7453: 7175: 7094: 7070: 6726: 6134: 5705: 5478: 4919: 4895: 4714: 4657: 3626:Advocate-General of Madras 3002:UNESCO World Heritage Site 2866:. Arbuthnot, owned by the 2821:1.61 crores; other taxes, 2809:14.68 crores; Income tax, 2501:Agriculture and irrigation 2327: 2324:" in the Madras Presidency 2197: 2077: 1920:. Among the Brahmins, the 1818: 1728: 1585:in after the enactment of 1577:Prakasam was succeeded by 1409:Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms 1349: 1258: 1168: 1079: 1051:Treaty of Aix-la-Chappelle 1005: 910:which became known as the 838: 817:Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms 227:Madras Legislative Council 18698:History of Andhra Pradesh 18683:Historical Indian regions 18593: 17989: 17728: 17117: 16326: 16322: 16311: 16170: 16127:Voluntary Health Services 16097:Perambur railway hospital 16062: 16005: 15955: 15947:Women's Christian College 15890: 15854: 15821: 15763:Dr MGR Medical University 15745: 15672: 15668: 15657: 15641:Madras Presidency Matches 15623: 15593: 15577: 15561: 15545: 15524: 15503: 15482: 15466: 15459: 15436:Mudaliarkuppam boat house 15416:M. A. Chidambaram Stadium 15398: 15394: 15386: 15381: 15328: 15263: 15193: 15186: 15151: 15113: 15106: 15098:Royapuram fishing harbour 15075: 15059: 15055: 15042: 15013: 14967: 14954:Vadapalani Andavar Temple 14909:Kundrathur Murugan Temple 14879:Devi Karumariamman Temple 14834: 14830: 14817: 14783: 14705: 14664: 14613: 14577: 14519: 14486: 14440: 14436: 14423: 14384: 14226: 14195: 14127: 14123: 14110: 14039: 13872: 13834: 13827: 13805: 13727: 13654: 13591: 13584: 13553: 13549: 13536: 13482: 13456: 13423:Royapuram railway station 13373:Bharat Insurance Building 13356: 13330: 13309: 13278: 13252: 13094: 13058: 13035:Chennai Metropolitan Area 13027: 13023: 13006: 12962: 12876: 12819: 12783: 12779: 12766: 12710: 12610: 12522: 12389: 12324: 12263: 12202: 12187: 12139: 12036: 11976: 11965: 11894: 11882: 11817: 11757: 11517: 11351: 11080: 11073: 10710: 10667: 10269: 10202: 10119: 10036: 10021: 9956: 9920: 9817: 9764: 9733: 9550: 9527: 9384: 9356: 9265: 9177: 9165: 9063:Agencies of British India 9058: 8956:Bihar and Orissa Province 8905: 8855: 8846: 8735: 8606: 8556: 8502:. London: Jonathan Cape. 8497: 8397: 8331: 8036: 7947: 7844:S. H., Steinberg (1950). 7806:Indian Students Geography 7786:Indian National Evolution 7766:. Adam and Charles Black. 7730: 7517:Raghavaiyangar, Srinivasa 7352:"Stickler for discipline" 7187: 7106: 6920: 6830: 6465:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 6347: 6247: 6217:Tercentenary Madras Staff 4613: 4513: 4397:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 4104: 3978: 3966: 3878:"The Etymology of Madras" 3401:Madras Presidency Matches 3027:A backwater and canal in 2570:, peaches, betel pepper, 2156:Ganjam Hill Tracts Agency 2130:Thanjavur Maratha kingdom 2060:Sir C. P. Ramaswamy Ayyar 2056:Temple Entry Proclamation 1799: 1762:— 1510:Last days of British rule 1104:Governor-General of India 1043:Governor-General of India 941:on the west coast and at 823:to implement a system of 722:was the summer capital. 400: 338: 328: 321: 317: 300: 287: 273: 263: 259: 249: 233: 217: 209: 205: 193: 183:• 1920–1921 (first) 181: 177: 167: 163: 151: 141:• 1785–1786 (first) 139: 135: 125: 104: 92: 60: 55: 34: 16744:Old Erumai Vetti Palayam 16739:New Erumai Vetti Palayam 16265:Radisson Blu City Centre 15907:Madras Christian College 15717:Tamil Nadu Police Museum 15702:Connemara Public Library 15411:Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium 15346:Kilambakkam bus terminus 15138:Chennai Suburban Railway 14939:Prathyangira Devi Temple 14844:Adikesava Perumal Temple 13500:M.G.R. and Amma Memorial 12939:R. S. S. Chennai bombing 12837:Agency of Fort St George 12784:Early history (pre-1500) 10046:Thiruvananthapuram KL-01 8993:Eastern Bengal and Assam 8536:Roy, Tirthankar (2012). 8535: 8516: 8455: 8228:Caste in Indian Politics 8123:. Cambridge University. 8096: 7988:Chaudhuri, K.N. (2006). 7772:Iyengar, P. T. Srinivasa 7751:Finnemore, John (1917). 7723:A Short history of Lanka 7602:. Government of Madras. 7565:. Government of Odisha. 7525:. Government of Madras. 7163: 6235: 5490: 3803: 3237:Madras Christian College 3179:C. W. Thamotharam Pillai 3068:was inaugurated between 3066:Nilgiri Mountain Railway 2998:Nilgiri Mountain Railway 2282:Second Anglo-Maratha War 2270:wars against Tipu Sultan 1703:Jayashankar Bhupalapalli 1625:excluding the region of 1579:O. P. Ramaswamy Reddiyar 1520:Indian National Congress 1287:Indian National Congress 1241:Indian famine of 1896–97 1190:Indian Councils Act 1909 1186:Indian Councils Act 1892 1182:Indian Councils Act 1861 1165:British Rule (1858–1947) 670:, officially called the 195:• 1949–1950 (last) 153:• 1948–1950 (last) 16664:Mahakavi Bharathi Nagar 15872:Kilpauk Medical College 15867:Stanley Medical College 15421:Madras Motor Race Track 15280:Chennai Airport Flyover 14995:St. Patrick's Cathedral 14801:Royal Madras Yacht Club 14453:Broadcasting in Chennai 14448:Architecture of Chennai 13322:Vandalur Reserve Forest 12990:A. R. Venkatachalapathy 12954:2015 South India floods 12577:Kotpad Handloom fabrics 12557:Gopalpur Tussar Fabrics 12174:Deomali (Highest point) 12116:Orissa Tributary States 12056:Mahameghavahana dynasty 12028:Human Rights Commission 9867:Western Chalukya Empire 9068:British Empire in India 9015:North-Western Provinces 8773:Wright, Arnold (1999). 8687:Thoraval, Yves (2000). 8670:India: social structure 8542:. Penguin Books India. 8456:Rai, Raghunath (2011). 8407:P., Kandaswamy (2001). 8351:Mollin, Sandra (2006). 8279:. Mittal Publications. 8204:Kasbekar, Asha (2006). 8032:. University of Madras. 8009:D. Craik, Alex (2007). 7870:Aggarwal, Bina (1994). 7703:Encyclopædia Britannica 7589:. Cambridge University. 7479:. Government of Madras. 7475:C. D., MaClean (1877). 7460:Government publications 6262: 4601: 3366:Kandukuri Veeresalingam 3183:Sir S. Subramaniya Iyer 2558:, cashew nuts, mangos, 2294:Third Anglo-Burmese War 2214:Joseph François Dupleix 1966:Krishna temple at Udupi 1434:motion of no-confidence 1237:Great Famine of 1876–78 1151:Krishnaraja Wodeyar III 741:in the center, and the 16649:Madhavaram Milk Colony 16147:Hindu Mission Hospital 16137:Tambaram TB Sanatorium 16122:Madras Medical Mission 16054:South Korean Consulate 15862:Madras Medical College 15783:VIT University Chennai 15687:Anna Centenary Library 15026:Thousand Lights Mosque 14990:St. George's Cathedral 14949:Shirdi Sai Baba Temple 14430:Culture and recreation 14356:The New Indian Express 14301:Integral Coach Factory 14281:Heavy Vehicles Factory 14072:Greater Chennai Police 13448:Anna Nagar twin arches 13383:Chennai Central Prison 12963:Writers and historians 12909:Neil Statue Satyagraha 10775:Chittur-Thathamangalam 10669:Municipal corporations 9025:Panth-Piploda Province 8754:David, Omissi (1998). 8626:Sinha, Aseema (2005). 8566:S. R., Bakshi (1991). 8498:Read, Anthony (1997). 8402:. Satyavani Prakashan. 8357:. Gunter Narr Verlag. 8334:Miscellaneous Writings 8294:M., Thangaraj (2003). 8264:Kumar, Dharma (1965). 8028:D., Sadasivan (1974). 7835:Price, Thomas (1837). 3214:Madras Medical College 3163:Alexander J. Arbuthnot 3129:Sir Archibald Campbell 3032: 3020: 3004: 2978: 2874:with funds donated by 2817:4.38 crores; forests, 2699: 2691: 2679: 2667: 2659: 2619: 2510: 2325: 2241: 2195: 2114:Treaty of Seringapatam 1970:Padmanabhaswamy temple 1954:Meenakshi Amman temple 1898: 1886: 1830: 1717:and summer capital at 1681:districts of southern 1610: 1602: 1530: 1422:A. Subbarayalu Reddiar 1388:Periyar E. V. Ramasamy 1273: 1245:Chingleput Ryots' Case 1206:C. V. Runganada Sastri 1053:of the previous year. 739:Kingdom of Pudukkottai 737:to the southwest, the 729:to the northwest, the 200:P. S. Kumaraswamy Raja 188:A. Subbarayalu Reddiar 16389:Assisi Nagar, Chennai 16152:Fortis Malar Hospital 15932:Stella Mary's (Women) 15927:Pachaiyappa's College 15727:KM Music Conservatory 15495:Chepauk Super Gillies 15245:Poonamallee High Road 14924:Marundeeswarar Temple 14899:Kamakshi Amman Temple 14889:ISKCON Temple Chennai 14884:Ekambareswarar Temple 14750:Gold Souk Grande Mall 14682:VGP Universal Kingdom 14534:Dr. Annie Besant Park 14529:Anna Nagar Tower Park 14331:Reserve Bank of India 14326:North Chennai Thermal 14316:Madras Stock Exchange 14311:Madras Rubber Factory 13510:Rajiv Gandhi Memorial 13301:Madras Crocodile Bank 13239:Vilinjiyambakkam Lake 12934:Anti-Hindi agitations 12827:São Tomé de Meliapore 12101:Eastern Ganga dynasty 10850:Kothamangalam, Kerala 9907:Sultanate of Golconda 9887:Eastern Ganga dynasty 9847:Vishnukundina dynasty 9394:Alluri Sitharama Raju 9074:British rule in Burma 8745:Walch, James (1976). 8740:. Tisara Prakasakayo. 8517:Roy, Kalpana (2002). 8379:O.P., Ralhan (2002). 8060:. Popular Prakashan. 8056:Desai, A. R. (2005). 8037:Deol, Harnik (2000). 7803:Pirie, A. H. (1883). 7731:Dodd, George (1859). 7726:. Macmillan & Co. 7654:A., Vadivelu (1903). 7313:"Reel-time nostalgia" 6186:"The birth of a bank" 3601:History of Tamil Nadu 3439:, established as the 3263:Madras University Act 3229:Pachaiyappa's College 3054:Pamban railway bridge 3026: 3015:, which connects the 3013:Pamban railway bridge 3010: 2995: 2976: 2838:Madras Stock Exchange 2805:8.53 crores; Excise, 2697: 2685: 2673: 2665: 2654: 2630:district were tanks. 2609: 2508: 2481:lands which produced 2315: 2239: 2193: 2142:Trichinopoly district 1946:Brihadeeswarar temple 1892: 1873: 1828: 1736:Historical population 1608: 1600: 1587:Constitution of India 1540:Anti-Hindi agitations 1529:as its Chief Minister 1527:(pictured at a rally) 1517: 1480:Self-Respect Movement 1395:Self-Respect Movement 1283:Madras Mahajana Sabha 1268: 1153:(1799–1868) in 1881. 1082:Company rule in India 1013:Expansion (1684–1801) 902:On 31 December 1600, 764:In 1639, the English 599:British rule in Burma 569:Company rule in India 18708:History of Karnataka 17921:Raja Annamalai Puram 16049:Royal Thai Consulate 15942:MOP Vaishnav (Women) 15917:Queen Mary's (Women) 15813:Hindustan University 15758:University of Madras 15732:Madras Music Academy 15636:M. J. Gopalan Trophy 15446:Rajarathinam Stadium 15441:Muttukadu boat house 15310:Maduravoyal Junction 15290:Irumbuliyur Junction 14934:Parthasarathy Temple 14904:Kapaleeswarar Temple 14296:Indian Overseas Bank 14261:Chennai Trade Centre 13997:Thiru. Vi. Ka. Nagar 13729:Kanchipuram district 13571:Kanchipuram District 13515:Victory War Memorial 13464:Marina Beach Statues 13443:Victoria Public Hall 13348:Pallikaranai Wetland 13296:Guindy National Park 13119:Chembarambakkam Lake 13081:Kosasthalaiyar River 12980:S. Theodore Baskaran 12889:Besant v. Narayaniah 12884:Arbuthnot Bank Crash 12592:Pipili appliqué work 12572:Konark stone carving 12081:Shailodbhava dynasty 11996:Legislative Assembly 10056:Pathanamthitta KL-03 9804:Wildlife sanctuaries 9474:Parvathipuram Manyam 9316:Rose-ringed parakeet 8441:. Indus Publishing. 8230:. Orient Blackswan. 8164:. California Press. 8139:Hibbert, Christopher 8101:. Psychology Press. 8076:Dutt, Romesh Chunder 7839:. Oxford University. 7737:. W. U. R. Chambers. 7672:. Oxford University. 7275:(26 November 2004). 3616:Madras States Agency 3569:Mangalorean Catholic 3452:R. Nataraja Mudaliar 3241:St. Aloysius College 3233:Annamalai University 3175:University of London 3171:University of Madras 2959:Indian Overseas Bank 2935:Catholic Syrian Bank 2876:Nattukottai Chetties 2765:and the kingdoms of 2618:for power generation 2320:who introduced the " 2124:districts after the 1707:Bhadradri Kothagudem 1629:Princely State, the 1589:on 26 January 1950. 1302:Theosophical Society 1298:Colonel H. S. Olcott 1226:V. Bhashyam Aiyangar 1096:subsidiary alliances 969:presidency of Bantam 589:British Raj in India 330:• 1941 estimate 18650: / 18482:Tambaram Sanatorium 16959:Theerthakariampattu 16250:Accord Metropolitan 16210:The Leela Kempinski 16107:Egmore Eye Hospital 16082:Royapettah Hospital 16029:Malaysian Consulate 15490:Chennai Super Kings 15451:SDAT Tennis Stadium 15431:MRF Pace Foundation 15315:Moolakadai Junction 15305:Madhavaram Junction 15093:Kattupalli Shipyard 14874:Dandeeswarar Temple 14755:Phoenix Market City 14735:Chennai Citi Centre 14646:Madras Music Season 14067:General Post Office 13656:Tiruvallur district 13566:Tiruvallur District 13505:Madras War Cemetery 13408:Port Trust Building 13403:Police headquarters 12924:1943 Chennai floods 12842:1721 Madras cyclone 12832:Raja of Chandragiri 12547:Ganjam Kewda Flower 12086:Bhauma-Kara dynasty 11917:Bande Utkala Janani 9912:Vijayanagara Empire 9842:Salankayana dynasty 9276:Maa Telugu Thalliki 8691:. Macmillan India. 8607:Seal, Anil (1971). 8590:Madras Rediscovered 8462:. FK Publications. 8428:Paramanand (1985). 7929:B., Anitha (1998). 7854:Some Madras Leaders 7763:The Armies of India 7389:(30 January 2006). 7277:"A milestone movie" 6812:on 25 November 2012 6552:on 19 November 2008 6546:"History 1932–1940" 4741:, Volume 16, p. 256 4291:"Congress Sessions" 3711:, pp. 138–142. 3520:'s house, c.a. 1909 3416:The Madras Crescent 3278:Culture and society 3220:was established at 2840:was established in 2106:Chingleput district 1875:Vaishnavite Brahmin 1821:Dravidian languages 1737: 1655:Lakshadweep Islands 1551:Quit India movement 920:Sir William Hawkins 908:joint-stock company 674:until 1937, was an 18693:History of Chennai 16399:Athipattu New Town 16117:Sankara Nethralaya 16019:American Consulate 15912:Presidency College 15737:Schools in Chennai 15569:V Chennai Warriors 15474:Chennai Superstarz 15406:Guindy Race Course 15300:Koyambedu Junction 15295:Kathipara Junction 15250:Rajiv Gandhi Salai 14944:Ravishwarar Temple 14864:Ashtalakshmi Kovil 14715:Abhirami Mega Mall 14600:Mayajaal Multiplex 14478:Tourism in Chennai 14361:TI Cycles of India 14251:Blue Dart Aviation 14218:World Trade Center 14172:Ranganathan Street 13520:Vivekanandar Illam 13291:Chennai Snake Park 13164:Maduranthakam Lake 12899:de La Haye scandal 12811:Vijayanagar Empire 12796:Thomas the Apostle 12179:Abdul Kalam Island 12096:Somavamshi dynasty 12076:Pitrbhakta dynasty 11759:Historical regions 10677:Thiruvananthapuram 10609:Thiruvananthapuram 10029:Thiruvananthapuram 9872:Rashtrakuta Empire 9827:Satavahana dynasty 9340:Banginapalli Mango 8898:(Surat Presidency) 8896:Western Presidency 8559:G. Subramania Iyer 8249:. Routledge (UK). 8247:A History of India 8145:. Harper Collins. 7952:. Berghahn Books. 7648:Other publications 7556:Tara Dutt (2015). 7527:madras presidency. 7499:. Clarendon Press. 7364:on 3 November 2012 7325:on 9 November 2012 7145:on 9 November 2012 7119:Anantha Raman 2005 6806:"About University" 6665:on 9 November 2012 6198:on 9 November 2012 6184:(6 October 2006). 6035:on 2 December 2013 5304:Major MacMunn 1911 5292:Major MacMunn 1911 5280:Major MacMunn 1911 5268:Major MacMunn 1911 5256:Major MacMunn 1911 5244:Major MacMunn 1911 5232:Major MacMunn 1911 5220:Major MacMunn 1911 5208:Major MacMunn 1911 4639:on 9 February 2013 4199:on 7 November 2012 3431:G. Subramania Iyer 3356:T. Muthuswamy Iyer 3167:Presidency College 3033: 3021: 3005: 2979: 2745:American Civil War 2700: 2692: 2680: 2668: 2660: 2620: 2511: 2326: 2258:conquest of Manila 2254:Governor of Madras 2242: 2196: 2091:Commander-in-chief 2048:C. Rajagopalachari 1899: 1887: 1831: 1735: 1611: 1603: 1563:Tanguturi Prakasam 1531: 1506:to enter temples. 1447:P. Munuswamy Naidu 1393:, who founded the 1381:C. Natesa Mudaliar 1336:V. Kalyanasundaram 1312:, who founded the 1274: 1210:T. Muthuswamy Iyer 912:East India Company 877:Vijayanagar Empire 802:District Collector 766:East India Company 731:Kingdoms of Cochin 619:Partition of India 291:Province of Madras 289:• Renamed as 158:Krishna Bhavsinhji 44:Province of Madras 18718:History of Odisha 18678:Madras Presidency 18633: 18632: 18589: 18588: 18585: 18584: 18072:Guindy TVK Estate 17049:Vellivoyalchavadi 16984:Thiru Vi Ka Nagar 16307: 16306: 16303: 16302: 16190:Le Royal Meridien 16034:Russian Consulate 16001: 16000: 15712:Government Museum 15692:Birla Planetarium 15653: 15652: 15649: 15648: 15619: 15618: 15532:Chennai City F.C. 15377: 15376: 15373: 15372: 15369: 15368: 15255:Sardar Patel Road 15225:China Bazaar Road 15182: 15181: 15128:Chennai Metrolite 15038: 15037: 15034: 15033: 15005:St. Mary's Church 15000:Santhome Basilica 14985:St. Andrew's Kirk 14914:Kalikambal Temple 14894:Kalikambal Temple 14813: 14812: 14809: 14808: 14775:Forum Vijaya Mall 14621:Chennai Book Fair 14569:Tholkappia Poonga 14419: 14418: 14415: 14414: 14376:World Bank office 14106: 14105: 14102: 14101: 14077:Madras High Court 14035: 14034: 13823: 13822: 13532: 13531: 13528: 13527: 13474:Triumph of Labour 13260:Kattupalli Island 13224:Tiruninravur Lake 13184:Paruthipattu Lake 13129:Chitlapakkam Lake 13114:Ayanambakkam Lake 13002: 13001: 12998: 12997: 12863:Anglo-Mysore Wars 12726: 12725: 12552:Ganjam Kewda Rooh 12385: 12384: 11833: 11832: 11809:Travancore–Cochin 11753: 11752: 9972: 9971: 9862:Eastern Chalukyas 9113: 9112: 8973:Central Provinces 8878:Madras Presidency 8873:Bombay Presidency 8868:Bengal Presidency 8719:978-81-317-5830-4 8451:. SBN 8173870756. 8448:978-81-7387-075-0 8364:978-3-8233-6250-0 8171:978-0-520-23087-3 8130:978-0-521-04019-8 8048:978-0-415-20108-7 8023:. SBN 1846287901. 8020:978-1-84628-790-9 7594:Thurston, Edgar; 7572:978-81-86772-17-1 7350:(8 August 2008). 6781:Christophers 1927 6427:Christophers 1927 3641:Bombay Presidency 3636:Bengal Presidency 3631:Sheriff of Madras 3606:History of Kerala 3577:caste, c. a. 1938 3498:Tamil film actor 3326:Indian Penal Code 3271:Madras University 3205:Civil Engineering 3190:Andhra University 3159:Lord Ellenborough 2943:Bank of Chettinad 2790:harvested by the 2147:Bombay Presidency 2126:Fourth Mysore War 2052:Chithira Thirunal 2032:Hindu communities 1808: 1807: 1701:and the parts of 1573:Post Independence 1555:Dravidar Kazhagam 1500:Vaikom Satyagraha 1426:P. Ramarayaningar 1420:, came to power. 1346:Dyarchy (1920–37) 1249:Salem riots trial 1214:Madras High Court 1202:V. Sadagopacharlu 1147:Chamaraja Wodeyar 1143:Kingdom of Mysore 935:trading factories 848:The discovery of 821:province of India 747:Bombay Presidency 727:Kingdom of Mysore 684:Dominion of India 664:Madras Presidency 660: 659: 627: 626: 534: 533: 491: 490: 410: 409: 396: 395: 392: 391: 372: 371: 121: 18:Madras presidency 16:(Redirected from 18735: 18665: 18664: 18662: 18661: 18660: 18655: 18651: 18648: 18647: 18646: 18643: 18623: 18622: 18615:India portal 18613: 18612: 18611: 18601: 18600: 18472:St. Thomas Mount 18452:Singaperumalkoil 18217:Maraimalai Nagar 17816:Kothawal Chavadi 17781:Foreshore Estate 17715:Vilinjiyambakkam 17650:Thirumullaivoyal 16969:Thervoy Kandigai 16944:Thadaperumbakkam 16794:Periyamullavoyal 16539:Kanniammanpettai 16324: 16323: 16313: 16312: 16285:Residency Towers 16230:Fisherman's Cove 16102:Apollo Hospitals 16087:Stanley Hospital 16039:German Consulate 15743: 15742: 15670: 15669: 15659: 15658: 15601:Chennai Spartans 15511:Chennai Cheetahs 15464: 15463: 15396: 15395: 15383: 15382: 15285:Chrompet Flyover 15265:Grade separators 15191: 15190: 15143:Southern Railway 15111: 15110: 15057: 15056: 15044: 15043: 15021:Mahabodhi Centre 14832: 14831: 14819: 14818: 14796:Madras Boat Club 14740:Coromandel Plaza 14672:MGM Dizzee World 14631:Chennai Sangamam 14564:Secretariat Park 14438: 14437: 14425: 14424: 14246:Basin Bridge Gas 14142:Kothawal Chavadi 14125: 14124: 14112: 14111: 13832: 13831: 13807:Vellore District 13593:Chennai District 13589: 13588: 13576:Vellore District 13561:Chennai District 13551: 13550: 13538: 13537: 13279:Zoological parks 13244:Villivakkam lake 13154:Madambakkam Lake 13071:Buckingham Canal 13025: 13024: 13008: 13007: 12781: 12780: 12768: 12767: 12753: 12746: 12739: 12730: 12729: 12720:India portal 12718: 12717: 12716: 12200: 12199: 11971: 11959:Mahanadi mahseer 11908:Emblem of Odisha 11870: 11860: 11853: 11846: 11837: 11836: 11827:India portal 11825: 11824: 11823: 11740:Thalayolaparambu 11499:Sreekrishnapuram 11434:Sreemoolanagaram 11078: 11077: 10091:Malappuram KL-10 10009: 9999: 9992: 9985: 9976: 9975: 9966:India portal 9964: 9963: 9962: 9897:Musunuri Nayakas 9877:Kakatiya dynasty 9852:Chalukya dynasty 9152: 9151: 9150: 9140: 9133: 9126: 9117: 9116: 9050:United Provinces 8829: 8822: 8815: 8806: 8805: 8788: 8769: 8750: 8741: 8732: 8723: 8702: 8689:Cinemas of India 8683: 8664: 8652: 8641: 8622: 8603: 8581: 8562: 8553: 8532: 8513: 8494: 8473: 8452: 8433: 8424: 8403: 8394: 8375: 8373: 8371: 8347: 8328: 8309: 8290: 8271: 8260: 8241: 8219: 8200: 8175: 8156: 8134: 8112: 8093: 8071: 8052: 8033: 8024: 8005: 7984: 7963: 7944: 7925: 7906: 7885: 7866: 7857: 7849: 7840: 7831: 7810: 7799: 7790: 7779: 7767: 7756: 7747: 7738: 7727: 7716: 7707: 7699: 7687: 7673: 7659: 7658:. 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3555:caste, c.a. 1909 3545: 3534:Tirupparankunram 3529: 3510: 3495: 3483: 3423:newspapers were 3085:Buckingham canal 2931:Karur Vysya Bank 2923:Corporation Bank 2893:, Masulipatnam, 2868:Arbuthnot family 2832: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2800: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2640:Hogenakkal Falls 2624:irrigation tanks 2612:Mullaperiyar Dam 2484: 2476: 2444:Sir Thomas Munro 2368:Tanjore district 2356: 2344: 2318:Sir Thomas Munro 2286:Siege of Lucknow 2086:Pitt's India Act 1989:, an apostle of 1751: 1746: 1738: 1734: 1691:Dakshina Kannada 1373: 1364: 1314:Home Rule League 1230:Advocate-General 993:Thomas Greenhill 991:(1644–1648) and 977:Coromandel Coast 798:Second World War 790:Governor-General 786:Pitt's India Act 694:, almost all of 652: 645: 638: 555: 554: 548: 547: 512: 511: 505: 504: 498:Portuguese India 439: 438: 428:Map of colonial 426: 412: 411: 388: 387: 376: 375: 363: 362: 356: 355: 340: 339: 146:George McCartney 115: 97: 82: 68: 50: 49: 42: 41: 32: 31: 21: 18743: 18742: 18738: 18737: 18736: 18734: 18733: 18732: 18713:Colonial Kerala 18668: 18667: 18658: 18656: 18654:13.08°N 80.27°E 18652: 18649: 18644: 18641: 18639: 18637: 18636: 18634: 18629: 18609: 18607: 18581: 18502:Thirumudivakkam 18427:Rathinamangalam 18377:Perumathunallur 18362:Pazhanthandalam 17985: 17751:Chennai Central 17724: 17695:Velappanchavadi 17610:Sunguvarchatram 17535:Poochi Athipedu 17525:Periyapanicheri 17250:Irungattukottai 17220:Chembarambakkam 17160:Anna Nagar West 17130:Alwarthirunagar 17113: 17074:Vilangadupakkam 17044:Vazhuthigaimedu 17019:Vadaperumbakkam 16979:Thiruvellavoyal 16694:Mettu Thandalam 16674:Manali New Town 16414:Avurikollaimedu 16318: 16299: 16295:Kohinoor Asiana 16215:ITC Grand Chola 16166: 16058: 16012: 16009: 15997: 15951: 15895: 15893: 15886: 15850: 15824: 15817: 15808:Vels University 15753:Anna University 15741: 15664: 15645: 15615: 15606:Chennai Spikers 15589: 15573: 15557: 15553:Tamil Thalaivas 15541: 15520: 15516:Chennai Veerans 15499: 15478: 15455: 15390: 15365: 15324: 15268: 15266: 15259: 15240:Outer Ring Road 15235:Inner Ring Road 15230:East Coast Road 15198: 15196: 15178: 15159:Chennai Central 15147: 15116: 15102: 15071: 15051: 15030: 15009: 14975:Armenian Church 14963: 14859:Ayyappan Temple 14826: 14805: 14779: 14701: 14660: 14614:Periodic events 14609: 14573: 14515: 14489: 14482: 14432: 14411: 14380: 14321:Murugappa Group 14256:Chettinad Group 14228: 14222: 14191: 14129: 14119: 14098: 14031: 14007:Thousand Lights 13868: 13844:Chennai Central 13819: 13801: 13767:Tirukalukundram 13723: 13650: 13580: 13545: 13524: 13495:Gandhi Mandapam 13478: 13452: 13438:Valluvar Kottam 13359: 13352: 13326: 13310:Reserve Forests 13305: 13274: 13248: 13179:Pallavaram Lake 13159:Madhavaram Lake 13134:Cholavaram aeri 13104:Adambakkam Lake 13090: 13054: 13040:Central Chennai 13019: 12994: 12958: 12872: 12815: 12801:Pallava Dynasty 12775: 12762: 12757: 12727: 12722: 12714: 12712: 12706: 12606: 12602:Sambalpuri sari 12597:Odisha Rasagola 12532:Berhampur Patta 12518: 12381: 12320: 12259: 12193: 12191: 12183: 12149:Flora and Fauna 12135: 12121:Utkal Sammilani 12106:Gajapati Empire 12071:Mathara dynasty 12061:Murunda dynasty 12032: 11991:Chief ministers 11972: 11963: 11890: 11878: 11864: 11834: 11829: 11821: 11819: 11813: 11799:Venad (kingdom) 11749: 11513: 11347: 11213:Kottappadi Part 11069: 10706: 10663: 10265: 10221:Indian elephant 10198: 10115: 10111:Kasaragod KL-14 10096:Kozhikode KL-11 10076:Ernakulam KL-07 10061:Alappuzha KL-04 10032: 10017: 10003: 9973: 9968: 9960: 9958: 9952: 9916: 9892:Gajapati Empire 9882:Velanati Chodas 9857:Pallava dynasty 9832:Andhra Ikshvaku 9813: 9760: 9729: 9546: 9523: 9380: 9352: 9324:Great Snakehead 9261: 9173: 9161: 9148: 9146: 9144: 9114: 9109: 9054: 9030:Punjab Province 9020:Orissa Province 9005:Nagpur Province 8946:Bengal Province 8901: 8863:Agra Presidency 8851: 8842: 8833: 8796: 8791: 8785: 8766: 8720: 8699: 8680: 8661: 8638: 8619: 8611:. CUP Archive. 8600: 8578: 8550: 8529: 8510: 8491: 8470: 8449: 8421: 8391: 8369: 8367: 8365: 8344: 8325: 8306: 8287: 8257: 8238: 8216: 8172: 8153: 8131: 8117:Gough, Kathleen 8109: 8090: 8068: 8049: 8021: 8002: 7981: 7960: 7941: 7922: 7903: 7882: 7828: 7640: 7610: 7581:Thurston, Edgar 7573: 7562: 7551:. Oxford Press. 7534:Slater, Gilbert 7456: 7451: 7450: 7442: 7438: 7430: 7426: 7418: 7414: 7404: 7402: 7384: 7377: 7367: 7365: 7345: 7338: 7328: 7326: 7309: 7300: 7290: 7288: 7270: 7266: 7258: 7254: 7246: 7242: 7234: 7230: 7222: 7218: 7210: 7206: 7198: 7194: 7186: 7182: 7174: 7170: 7162: 7158: 7148: 7146: 7129: 7125: 7117: 7113: 7105: 7101: 7093: 7089: 7083:Chatterjee 2006 7081: 7077: 7069: 7065: 7057: 7053: 7045: 7041: 7033: 7029: 7021: 7017: 7009: 7005: 6997: 6993: 6985: 6981: 6973: 6969: 6961: 6954: 6946: 6939: 6931: 6927: 6919: 6915: 6907: 6903: 6895: 6888: 6880: 6873: 6865: 6861: 6853: 6849: 6841: 6837: 6829: 6825: 6815: 6813: 6804: 6803: 6799: 6791: 6787: 6779: 6775: 6767: 6760: 6752: 6748: 6740: 6733: 6725: 6721: 6711: 6709: 6708:on 11 June 2010 6700: 6699: 6695: 6687: 6678: 6668: 6666: 6649: 6636: 6628: 6621: 6613: 6604: 6596: 6592: 6584: 6577: 6569: 6565: 6555: 6553: 6544: 6543: 6532: 6524: 6515: 6505: 6503: 6494: 6493: 6489: 6481: 6474: 6458: 6457: 6450: 6448: 6437: 6433: 6425: 6421: 6413: 6406: 6398: 6394: 6386: 6369: 6361: 6354: 6346: 6337: 6329: 6316: 6308: 6301: 6291: 6289: 6274: 6273: 6269: 6261: 6254: 6246: 6242: 6234: 6223: 6215: 6211: 6201: 6199: 6179: 6168: 6160: 6156: 6148: 6141: 6133: 6126: 6118: 6114: 6106: 6102: 6094: 6087: 6079: 6075: 6067: 6063: 6055: 6048: 6038: 6036: 6027: 6026: 6022: 6014: 6010: 6002: 5998: 5990: 5986: 5978: 5974: 5966: 5959: 5951: 5944: 5936: 5929: 5921: 5914: 5906: 5902: 5894: 5885: 5877: 5873: 5865: 5858: 5850: 5843: 5835: 5831: 5823: 5819: 5811: 5807: 5799: 5790: 5782: 5759: 5751: 5744: 5736: 5727: 5719: 5712: 5704: 5700: 5692: 5688: 5680: 5669: 5661: 5654: 5646: 5639: 5631: 5627: 5619: 5615: 5607: 5600: 5592: 5588: 5580: 5569: 5561: 5557: 5549: 5545: 5537: 5533: 5525: 5521: 5513: 5509: 5501: 5497: 5489: 5485: 5477: 5473: 5465: 5461: 5453: 5449: 5441: 5434: 5426: 5422: 5414: 5403: 5395: 5391: 5383: 5376: 5368: 5364: 5356: 5352: 5344: 5331: 5323: 5319: 5314: 5310: 5302: 5298: 5290: 5286: 5278: 5274: 5266: 5262: 5254: 5250: 5242: 5238: 5230: 5226: 5218: 5214: 5206: 5202: 5194: 5190: 5182: 5178: 5170: 5166: 5158: 5154: 5146: 5142: 5134: 5130: 5122: 5115: 5107: 5103: 5095: 5088: 5080: 5065: 5057: 5050: 5042: 5033: 5025: 5021: 5014: 5000: 4996: 4986: 4984: 4967: 4963: 4952: 4948: 4933:"Right to pray" 4931: 4930: 4926: 4918: 4914: 4906: 4902: 4894: 4890: 4882: 4878: 4870: 4866: 4858: 4854: 4846: 4842: 4834: 4825: 4817: 4813: 4805: 4801: 4793: 4789: 4781: 4772: 4764: 4757: 4749: 4745: 4737: 4733: 4725: 4721: 4713: 4709: 4694: 4693: 4689: 4679: 4677: 4669: 4668: 4664: 4656: 4652: 4642: 4640: 4625: 4624: 4620: 4612: 4608: 4600: 4596: 4588: 4584: 4573: 4564: 4553: 4549: 4541: 4537: 4529: 4520: 4512: 4508: 4500: 4493: 4485: 4481: 4473: 4469: 4461: 4457: 4449: 4445: 4437: 4433: 4425: 4421: 4413: 4406: 4390: 4389: 4382: 4380: 4371: 4370: 4366: 4356: 4354: 4341: 4340: 4336: 4326: 4324: 4315: 4314: 4310: 4300: 4298: 4297:on 25 June 2008 4289: 4288: 4284: 4276: 4272: 4264: 4260: 4252: 4248: 4240: 4236: 4228: 4224: 4216: 4212: 4202: 4200: 4185: 4181: 4173: 4169: 4162: 4158: 4148: 4146: 4142: 4135: 4131: 4130: 4126: 4118: 4111: 4103: 4099: 4088: 4081: 4073: 4069: 4061: 4057: 4049: 4045: 4037: 4033: 4025: 4021: 4013: 4009: 4001: 3997: 3989: 3985: 3977: 3973: 3965: 3961: 3953: 3949: 3941: 3937: 3929: 3925: 3917: 3913: 3905: 3901: 3893: 3889: 3874: 3870: 3862: 3858: 3850: 3846: 3838: 3834: 3826: 3822: 3814: 3810: 3802: 3798: 3790: 3775: 3767: 3763: 3755: 3751: 3743: 3739: 3731: 3727: 3719: 3715: 3707: 3703: 3693: 3691: 3690:on 7 April 2014 3676: 3675: 3671: 3663: 3659: 3654: 3649: 3597: 3590: 3587: 3578: 3565: 3556: 3546: 3537: 3530: 3521: 3511: 3502: 3496: 3487: 3484: 3456:Keechaka Vadham 3448:All India Radio 3429:established by 3286:marumakkathayam 3280: 3154: 3125:Edward Harrison 3106:Nevill Vintcent 3102:Royal Air Force 3097:St Thomas Mount 3050:Chennai Central 2971: 2911:City Union Bank 2830: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2733:Quilon (Coulão) 2724: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2708: 2704: 2649: 2532:ladies' fingers 2503: 2482: 2474: 2430:Lord Cornwallis 2332: 2322:Ryotwari System 2310: 2202: 2188: 2082: 2076: 2036:Raja of Bobbili 2024:Raja of Panagal 1868: 1823: 1817: 1733: 1727: 1595: 1575: 1544:Sir Arthur Hope 1512: 1476:E. V. Ramaswamy 1457:Raja of Bobbili 1418:Mylapore clique 1401: 1400: 1399: 1398: 1376: 1375: 1374: 1366: 1365: 1354: 1348: 1294:Madam Blavatsky 1263: 1257: 1173: 1167: 1108:princely states 1084: 1078: 1070:Carnatic region 1066:Carnatic Treaty 1035:Carnatic region 1015: 1010: 985: 900: 869:Pallava dynasty 846: 841: 668:Madras Province 656: 609:Princely states 549: 545: 544: 543: 506: 502: 501: 500: 433: 385: 360: 331: 310: 308:State of Madras 306:and renamed as 293: 280: 266: 254:New Imperialism 239: 223: 196: 184: 154: 142: 111: 100: 88: 87: 86: 83: 75: 74: 69: 51: 47: 46: 45: 43: 39: 38: 37: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 18741: 18731: 18730: 18725: 18720: 18715: 18710: 18705: 18700: 18695: 18690: 18685: 18680: 18631: 18630: 18628: 18627: 18617: 18605: 18594: 18591: 18590: 18587: 18586: 18583: 18582: 18580: 18579: 18574: 18569: 18564: 18559: 18554: 18549: 18544: 18539: 18534: 18529: 18524: 18522:Thiruvidandhai 18519: 18514: 18509: 18507:Thiruneermalai 18504: 18499: 18494: 18489: 18484: 18479: 18474: 18469: 18464: 18459: 18454: 18449: 18447:Sholinganallur 18444: 18439: 18434: 18429: 18424: 18419: 18417:Puzhuthivakkam 18414: 18409: 18404: 18399: 18394: 18392:Perunthandalam 18389: 18384: 18379: 18374: 18369: 18367:Peerkankaranai 18364: 18359: 18354: 18349: 18344: 18339: 18334: 18329: 18324: 18322:Palavanthangal 18319: 18314: 18309: 18304: 18299: 18294: 18289: 18284: 18279: 18274: 18269: 18264: 18259: 18254: 18249: 18244: 18239: 18234: 18229: 18224: 18219: 18214: 18209: 18204: 18199: 18194: 18189: 18184: 18179: 18174: 18169: 18164: 18159: 18154: 18149: 18144: 18142:Kattankulathur 18139: 18134: 18129: 18124: 18119: 18114: 18109: 18104: 18099: 18094: 18089: 18084: 18079: 18074: 18069: 18064: 18059: 18054: 18049: 18044: 18039: 18034: 18029: 18024: 18019: 18014: 18009: 18004: 17999: 17993: 17991: 17987: 17986: 17984: 17983: 17978: 17973: 17968: 17963: 17958: 17953: 17948: 17943: 17938: 17933: 17928: 17923: 17918: 17916:Quibble Island 17913: 17908: 17903: 17898: 17893: 17888: 17883: 17881:Parry's Corner 17878: 17873: 17868: 17863: 17858: 17853: 17848: 17843: 17838: 17833: 17828: 17823: 17818: 17813: 17808: 17803: 17798: 17796:Greenways Road 17793: 17788: 17783: 17778: 17773: 17768: 17763: 17758: 17753: 17748: 17743: 17738: 17732: 17730: 17726: 17725: 17723: 17722: 17717: 17712: 17707: 17702: 17697: 17692: 17687: 17682: 17677: 17672: 17670:Valasaravakkam 17667: 17662: 17657: 17652: 17647: 17642: 17637: 17632: 17627: 17622: 17617: 17612: 17607: 17602: 17597: 17592: 17587: 17582: 17577: 17572: 17567: 17562: 17557: 17552: 17547: 17542: 17537: 17532: 17527: 17522: 17517: 17512: 17507: 17502: 17497: 17492: 17487: 17482: 17477: 17472: 17467: 17462: 17457: 17452: 17447: 17442: 17437: 17435:Nazarathpettai 17432: 17430:Narasingapuram 17427: 17422: 17417: 17412: 17407: 17402: 17397: 17392: 17387: 17385:Mettu Kandigai 17382: 17377: 17375:Manavala Nagar 17372: 17367: 17362: 17357: 17352: 17347: 17345:Kumananchavadi 17342: 17337: 17332: 17327: 17322: 17317: 17312: 17307: 17302: 17297: 17295:Karayanchavadi 17292: 17287: 17282: 17277: 17272: 17267: 17262: 17257: 17255:Iyyapanthangal 17252: 17247: 17242: 17240:Govardhanagiri 17237: 17232: 17227: 17222: 17217: 17212: 17207: 17202: 17197: 17192: 17187: 17182: 17177: 17172: 17167: 17162: 17157: 17152: 17147: 17142: 17137: 17132: 17127: 17121: 17119: 17115: 17114: 17112: 17111: 17106: 17101: 17096: 17091: 17086: 17081: 17076: 17071: 17066: 17061: 17056: 17051: 17046: 17041: 17036: 17031: 17029:Vallalar Nagar 17026: 17021: 17016: 17011: 17006: 17001: 16996: 16991: 16986: 16981: 16976: 16971: 16966: 16961: 16956: 16951: 16946: 16941: 16936: 16934:Sothuperumbedu 16931: 16926: 16921: 16916: 16911: 16906: 16901: 16896: 16891: 16886: 16881: 16876: 16871: 16866: 16861: 16856: 16851: 16846: 16841: 16836: 16831: 16826: 16821: 16819:Ponniammanmedu 16816: 16811: 16806: 16801: 16796: 16791: 16786: 16781: 16776: 16771: 16766: 16761: 16756: 16751: 16746: 16741: 16736: 16734:Naravarikuppam 16731: 16726: 16721: 16716: 16711: 16706: 16701: 16696: 16691: 16689:Mettu Surapedu 16686: 16681: 16676: 16671: 16666: 16661: 16656: 16651: 16646: 16641: 16636: 16631: 16626: 16621: 16616: 16611: 16606: 16601: 16596: 16591: 16586: 16581: 16576: 16571: 16566: 16561: 16556: 16551: 16546: 16541: 16536: 16531: 16526: 16521: 16516: 16511: 16509:Janapanchatram 16506: 16501: 16496: 16494:Gounderpalayam 16491: 16486: 16481: 16476: 16471: 16469:Elanthancherry 16466: 16461: 16456: 16451: 16446: 16441: 16436: 16431: 16426: 16421: 16416: 16411: 16406: 16401: 16396: 16391: 16386: 16381: 16376: 16371: 16366: 16361: 16356: 16351: 16346: 16341: 16336: 16330: 16328: 16320: 16319: 16309: 16308: 16305: 16304: 16301: 16300: 16298: 16297: 16292: 16290:Westin Chennai 16287: 16282: 16277: 16272: 16267: 16262: 16257: 16252: 16247: 16242: 16237: 16235:Trident Hilton 16232: 16227: 16222: 16220:Hilton Chennai 16217: 16212: 16207: 16205:Taj Mount Road 16202: 16200:Chola Sheraton 16197: 16192: 16187: 16182: 16180:Taj Coromandel 16176: 16174: 16168: 16167: 16165: 16164: 16159: 16154: 16149: 16144: 16139: 16134: 16129: 16124: 16119: 16114: 16109: 16104: 16099: 16094: 16089: 16084: 16079: 16074: 16068: 16066: 16060: 16059: 16057: 16056: 16051: 16046: 16041: 16036: 16031: 16026: 16021: 16015: 16013: 16006: 16003: 16002: 15999: 15998: 15996: 15995: 15990: 15985: 15980: 15975: 15970: 15965: 15959: 15957: 15953: 15952: 15950: 15949: 15944: 15939: 15934: 15929: 15924: 15919: 15914: 15909: 15904: 15898: 15896: 15891: 15888: 15887: 15885: 15884: 15879: 15874: 15869: 15864: 15858: 15856: 15852: 15851: 15849: 15848: 15843: 15838: 15833: 15827: 15825: 15822: 15819: 15818: 15816: 15815: 15810: 15805: 15800: 15795: 15790: 15785: 15780: 15775: 15770: 15765: 15760: 15755: 15749: 15747: 15740: 15739: 15734: 15729: 15724: 15719: 15714: 15709: 15707:DakshinaChitra 15704: 15699: 15694: 15689: 15684: 15678: 15676: 15666: 15665: 15655: 15654: 15651: 15650: 15647: 15646: 15644: 15643: 15638: 15633: 15627: 15625: 15621: 15620: 15617: 15616: 15614: 15613: 15608: 15603: 15597: 15595: 15591: 15590: 15588: 15587: 15581: 15579: 15575: 15574: 15572: 15571: 15565: 15563: 15559: 15558: 15556: 15555: 15549: 15547: 15543: 15542: 15540: 15539: 15534: 15528: 15526: 15522: 15521: 15519: 15518: 15513: 15507: 15505: 15501: 15500: 15498: 15497: 15492: 15486: 15484: 15480: 15479: 15477: 15476: 15470: 15468: 15461: 15457: 15456: 15454: 15453: 15448: 15443: 15438: 15433: 15428: 15423: 15418: 15413: 15408: 15402: 15400: 15392: 15391: 15379: 15378: 15375: 15374: 15371: 15370: 15367: 15366: 15364: 15363: 15358: 15353: 15348: 15343: 15338: 15332: 15330: 15326: 15325: 15323: 15322: 15317: 15312: 15307: 15302: 15297: 15292: 15287: 15282: 15277: 15271: 15269: 15264: 15261: 15260: 15258: 15257: 15252: 15247: 15242: 15237: 15232: 15227: 15222: 15217: 15215:Chennai Bypass 15212: 15207: 15201: 15199: 15194: 15188: 15184: 15183: 15180: 15179: 15177: 15176: 15171: 15166: 15164:Chennai Egmore 15161: 15155: 15153: 15149: 15148: 15146: 15145: 15140: 15135: 15130: 15125: 15119: 15117: 15114: 15108: 15104: 15103: 15101: 15100: 15095: 15090: 15085: 15079: 15077: 15073: 15072: 15070: 15069: 15063: 15061: 15053: 15052: 15040: 15039: 15036: 15035: 15032: 15031: 15029: 15028: 15023: 15017: 15015: 15011: 15010: 15008: 15007: 15002: 14997: 14992: 14987: 14982: 14977: 14971: 14969: 14965: 14964: 14962: 14961: 14956: 14951: 14946: 14941: 14936: 14931: 14926: 14921: 14919:Madhya Kailash 14916: 14911: 14906: 14901: 14896: 14891: 14886: 14881: 14876: 14871: 14866: 14861: 14856: 14851: 14846: 14840: 14838: 14828: 14827: 14815: 14814: 14811: 14810: 14807: 14806: 14804: 14803: 14798: 14793: 14787: 14785: 14781: 14780: 14778: 14777: 14772: 14767: 14762: 14757: 14752: 14747: 14745:Express Avenue 14742: 14737: 14732: 14727: 14722: 14717: 14711: 14709: 14707:Shopping malls 14703: 14702: 14700: 14699: 14694: 14689: 14684: 14679: 14674: 14668: 14666: 14662: 14661: 14659: 14658: 14653: 14648: 14643: 14638: 14633: 14628: 14623: 14617: 14615: 14611: 14610: 14608: 14607: 14605:Shanti Theatre 14602: 14597: 14592: 14587: 14581: 14579: 14575: 14574: 14572: 14571: 14566: 14561: 14559:Semmoli Poonga 14556: 14551: 14546: 14541: 14536: 14531: 14525: 14523: 14517: 14516: 14514: 14513: 14508: 14503: 14501:Elliot's Beach 14498: 14492: 14490: 14487: 14484: 14483: 14481: 14480: 14475: 14470: 14465: 14460: 14455: 14450: 14444: 14442: 14434: 14433: 14421: 14420: 14417: 14416: 14413: 14412: 14410: 14409: 14404: 14399: 14394: 14388: 14386: 14382: 14381: 14379: 14378: 14373: 14371:Vallur Thermal 14368: 14363: 14358: 14353: 14348: 14343: 14338: 14333: 14328: 14323: 14318: 14313: 14308: 14303: 14298: 14293: 14288: 14286:Higginbotham's 14283: 14278: 14273: 14271:Ennore Thermal 14268: 14263: 14258: 14253: 14248: 14243: 14238: 14232: 14230: 14227:Companies and 14224: 14223: 14221: 14220: 14215: 14210: 14205: 14199: 14197: 14193: 14192: 14190: 14189: 14184: 14179: 14177:Ritchie Street 14174: 14169: 14164: 14159: 14157:Parry's Corner 14154: 14149: 14144: 14139: 14133: 14131: 14121: 14120: 14108: 14107: 14104: 14103: 14100: 14099: 14097: 14096: 14091: 14086: 14085: 14084: 14074: 14069: 14064: 14059: 14054: 14049: 14043: 14041: 14040:Nodal agencies 14037: 14036: 14033: 14032: 14030: 14029: 14024: 14019: 14014: 14009: 14004: 13999: 13994: 13989: 13984: 13979: 13977:Sholinganallur 13974: 13969: 13964: 13959: 13954: 13949: 13944: 13939: 13934: 13929: 13924: 13919: 13914: 13909: 13904: 13899: 13894: 13889: 13884: 13878: 13876: 13870: 13869: 13867: 13866: 13861: 13856: 13851: 13846: 13840: 13838: 13836:Parliamentary 13829: 13828:Constituencies 13825: 13824: 13821: 13820: 13818: 13817: 13811: 13809: 13803: 13802: 13800: 13799: 13794: 13789: 13784: 13779: 13774: 13769: 13764: 13759: 13754: 13749: 13744: 13742:Sholinganallur 13739: 13733: 13731: 13725: 13724: 13722: 13721: 13716: 13711: 13706: 13701: 13696: 13691: 13686: 13681: 13676: 13671: 13666: 13660: 13658: 13652: 13651: 13649: 13648: 13643: 13638: 13633: 13628: 13623: 13618: 13613: 13608: 13603: 13597: 13595: 13586: 13582: 13581: 13579: 13578: 13573: 13568: 13563: 13557: 13555: 13547: 13546: 13534: 13533: 13530: 13529: 13526: 13525: 13523: 13522: 13517: 13512: 13507: 13502: 13497: 13492: 13486: 13484: 13480: 13479: 13477: 13476: 13471: 13466: 13460: 13458: 13454: 13453: 13451: 13450: 13445: 13440: 13435: 13430: 13425: 13420: 13418:Ripon Building 13415: 13410: 13405: 13400: 13395: 13390: 13388:Chepauk Palace 13385: 13380: 13375: 13370: 13364: 13362: 13354: 13353: 13351: 13350: 13345: 13340: 13334: 13332: 13328: 13327: 13325: 13324: 13319: 13313: 13311: 13307: 13306: 13304: 13303: 13298: 13293: 13288: 13282: 13280: 13276: 13275: 13273: 13272: 13267: 13265:Quibble Island 13262: 13256: 13254: 13250: 13249: 13247: 13246: 13241: 13236: 13231: 13229:Velachery Lake 13226: 13221: 13216: 13211: 13209:Red Hills Lake 13206: 13201: 13196: 13191: 13189:Perungudi Lake 13186: 13181: 13176: 13171: 13166: 13161: 13156: 13151: 13146: 13141: 13136: 13131: 13126: 13121: 13116: 13111: 13106: 13100: 13098: 13092: 13091: 13089: 13088: 13083: 13078: 13073: 13068: 13062: 13060: 13056: 13055: 13053: 13052: 13047: 13042: 13037: 13031: 13029: 13021: 13020: 13004: 13003: 13000: 12999: 12996: 12995: 12993: 12992: 12987: 12982: 12977: 12972: 12966: 12964: 12960: 12959: 12957: 12956: 12951: 12946: 12941: 12936: 12931: 12926: 12921: 12916: 12911: 12906: 12901: 12896: 12891: 12886: 12880: 12878: 12874: 12873: 12871: 12870: 12865: 12860: 12844: 12839: 12834: 12829: 12823: 12821: 12817: 12816: 12814: 12813: 12808: 12803: 12798: 12793: 12787: 12785: 12777: 12776: 12764: 12763: 12756: 12755: 12748: 12741: 12733: 12724: 12723: 12711: 12708: 12707: 12705: 12704: 12699: 12694: 12689: 12684: 12683: 12682: 12677: 12672: 12667: 12657: 12652: 12647: 12642: 12637: 12632: 12627: 12622: 12616: 12614: 12608: 12607: 12605: 12604: 12599: 12594: 12589: 12584: 12579: 12574: 12569: 12564: 12562:Habaspuri sari 12559: 12554: 12549: 12544: 12539: 12534: 12528: 12526: 12520: 12519: 12517: 12516: 12511: 12506: 12501: 12496: 12491: 12486: 12481: 12476: 12471: 12466: 12461: 12456: 12451: 12446: 12441: 12436: 12431: 12426: 12421: 12416: 12411: 12406: 12401: 12395: 12393: 12387: 12386: 12383: 12382: 12380: 12379: 12374: 12369: 12364: 12359: 12354: 12349: 12344: 12339: 12334: 12328: 12326: 12322: 12321: 12319: 12318: 12313: 12308: 12303: 12298: 12293: 12288: 12283: 12278: 12273: 12267: 12265: 12261: 12260: 12258: 12257: 12252: 12247: 12242: 12237: 12232: 12227: 12222: 12217: 12212: 12206: 12204: 12197: 12185: 12184: 12182: 12181: 12176: 12171: 12166: 12161: 12156: 12151: 12145: 12143: 12137: 12136: 12134: 12133: 12128: 12126:Historic sites 12123: 12118: 12113: 12108: 12103: 12098: 12093: 12091:Bhanja dynasty 12088: 12083: 12078: 12073: 12068: 12063: 12058: 12053: 12048: 12042: 12040: 12034: 12033: 12031: 12030: 12025: 12020: 12015: 12010: 12005: 12004: 12003: 12001:Constituencies 11993: 11988: 11982: 11980: 11974: 11973: 11966: 11964: 11962: 11961: 11955: 11946: 11937: 11928: 11919: 11910: 11900: 11898: 11892: 11891: 11883: 11880: 11879: 11863: 11862: 11855: 11848: 11840: 11831: 11830: 11818: 11815: 11814: 11812: 11811: 11806: 11801: 11796: 11791: 11790: 11789: 11784: 11774: 11769: 11763: 11761: 11755: 11754: 11751: 11750: 11748: 11747: 11742: 11737: 11732: 11727: 11722: 11717: 11712: 11707: 11702: 11697: 11692: 11687: 11682: 11677: 11672: 11667: 11662: 11657: 11652: 11647: 11642: 11637: 11632: 11627: 11622: 11617: 11612: 11607: 11602: 11597: 11592: 11587: 11582: 11577: 11572: 11567: 11562: 11557: 11552: 11547: 11542: 11540:Chirayinkeezhu 11537: 11532: 11527: 11521: 11519: 11515: 11514: 11512: 11511: 11506: 11501: 11496: 11491: 11486: 11481: 11476: 11474:Vadakkencherry 11471: 11466: 11461: 11456: 11451: 11446: 11441: 11436: 11431: 11426: 11421: 11416: 11411: 11406: 11401: 11396: 11391: 11386: 11381: 11376: 11371: 11366: 11361: 11355: 11353: 11349: 11348: 11346: 11345: 11340: 11335: 11330: 11325: 11320: 11315: 11310: 11305: 11300: 11295: 11290: 11285: 11280: 11275: 11270: 11265: 11260: 11258:Muzhappilangad 11255: 11250: 11245: 11240: 11235: 11230: 11225: 11223:Padinharethara 11220: 11215: 11210: 11205: 11200: 11195: 11190: 11185: 11180: 11175: 11170: 11165: 11160: 11155: 11150: 11145: 11140: 11135: 11130: 11125: 11120: 11115: 11110: 11105: 11100: 11095: 11090: 11084: 11082: 11075: 11071: 11070: 11068: 11067: 11062: 11057: 11052: 11047: 11042: 11037: 11035:Thrippunithura 11032: 11027: 11022: 11017: 11012: 11007: 11002: 11000:Sreekandapuram 10997: 10992: 10987: 10982: 10977: 10975:Perinthalmanna 10972: 10967: 10965:Pathanamthitta 10962: 10957: 10955:Parappanangadi 10952: 10947: 10942: 10937: 10932: 10927: 10922: 10917: 10912: 10907: 10902: 10897: 10892: 10887: 10882: 10877: 10872: 10867: 10862: 10857: 10852: 10847: 10842: 10837: 10832: 10827: 10822: 10817: 10815:Karunagappalli 10812: 10807: 10802: 10797: 10792: 10787: 10782: 10777: 10772: 10767: 10762: 10757: 10752: 10747: 10742: 10737: 10732: 10727: 10722: 10716: 10714: 10712:Municipalities 10708: 10707: 10705: 10704: 10699: 10694: 10689: 10684: 10679: 10673: 10671: 10665: 10664: 10662: 10661: 10656: 10651: 10646: 10641: 10636: 10631: 10626: 10621: 10616: 10611: 10606: 10601: 10596: 10591: 10586: 10581: 10579:Sultan Bathery 10576: 10571: 10566: 10561: 10559:Perinthalmanna 10556: 10551: 10546: 10541: 10536: 10531: 10526: 10521: 10516: 10511: 10506: 10501: 10496: 10491: 10486: 10481: 10476: 10471: 10466: 10461: 10456: 10451: 10446: 10441: 10436: 10431: 10426: 10421: 10416: 10411: 10406: 10401: 10396: 10391: 10386: 10381: 10379:Karunagappalli 10376: 10374:Karthikappally 10371: 10366: 10361: 10356: 10351: 10346: 10341: 10336: 10331: 10326: 10324:Chirayinkeezhu 10321: 10316: 10311: 10306: 10301: 10296: 10291: 10286: 10281: 10275: 10273: 10267: 10266: 10264: 10263: 10261:Papilio buddha 10258: 10255: 10250: 10247: 10242: 10239: 10234: 10231: 10226: 10223: 10218: 10215: 10213:Great hornbill 10210: 10206: 10204: 10200: 10199: 10197: 10196: 10191: 10186: 10181: 10176: 10171: 10166: 10161: 10156: 10151: 10146: 10141: 10136: 10131: 10125: 10123: 10117: 10116: 10114: 10113: 10108: 10103: 10098: 10093: 10088: 10086:Palakkad KL-09 10083: 10081:Thrissur KL-08 10078: 10073: 10068: 10066:Kottayam KL-05 10063: 10058: 10053: 10048: 10042: 10040: 10034: 10033: 10022: 10019: 10018: 10002: 10001: 9994: 9987: 9979: 9970: 9969: 9957: 9954: 9953: 9951: 9950: 9945: 9940: 9935: 9930: 9924: 9922: 9918: 9917: 9915: 9914: 9909: 9904: 9899: 9894: 9889: 9884: 9879: 9874: 9869: 9864: 9859: 9854: 9849: 9844: 9839: 9837:Ananda Gotrika 9834: 9829: 9823: 9821: 9815: 9814: 9812: 9811: 9806: 9801: 9796: 9791: 9789:National parks 9786: 9781: 9776: 9770: 9768: 9762: 9761: 9759: 9758: 9753: 9748: 9745: 9739: 9737: 9731: 9730: 9728: 9727: 9722: 9717: 9712: 9707: 9702: 9697: 9692: 9690:Tadepalligudem 9687: 9682: 9677: 9672: 9667: 9662: 9657: 9652: 9647: 9642: 9637: 9632: 9627: 9622: 9617: 9612: 9607: 9602: 9597: 9592: 9587: 9582: 9577: 9575:Chilakaluripet 9572: 9567: 9562: 9556: 9554: 9548: 9547: 9545: 9544: 9539: 9533: 9531: 9525: 9524: 9522: 9521: 9516: 9511: 9506: 9501: 9496: 9494:Sri Sathya Sai 9491: 9486: 9481: 9476: 9471: 9466: 9461: 9456: 9451: 9446: 9441: 9436: 9431: 9426: 9421: 9416: 9411: 9406: 9401: 9396: 9390: 9388: 9382: 9381: 9379: 9378: 9373: 9371:Coastal Andhra 9368: 9362: 9360: 9354: 9353: 9351: 9350: 9345: 9342: 9337: 9334: 9329: 9326: 9321: 9318: 9313: 9310: 9305: 9302: 9297: 9294: 9289: 9286: 9281: 9278: 9273: 9269: 9267: 9263: 9262: 9260: 9259: 9254: 9249: 9244: 9239: 9234: 9229: 9224: 9219: 9214: 9209: 9204: 9199: 9194: 9189: 9183: 9181: 9175: 9174: 9166: 9163: 9162: 9159:Andhra Pradesh 9143: 9142: 9135: 9128: 9120: 9111: 9110: 9108: 9107: 9102: 9097: 9092: 9087: 9082: 9077: 9070: 9065: 9059: 9056: 9055: 9053: 9052: 9047: 9042: 9037: 9032: 9027: 9022: 9017: 9012: 9007: 9002: 8995: 8990: 8988:Delhi Province 8985: 8983:Coorg Province 8980: 8975: 8970: 8963: 8961:Bihar Province 8958: 8953: 8951:Berar Province 8948: 8943: 8938: 8936:Assam Province 8933: 8928: 8923: 8918: 8909: 8907: 8903: 8902: 8900: 8899: 8893: 8885: 8880: 8875: 8870: 8865: 8859: 8857: 8853: 8852: 8847: 8844: 8843: 8832: 8831: 8824: 8817: 8809: 8803: 8802: 8795: 8794:External links 8792: 8790: 8789: 8783: 8770: 8764: 8751: 8742: 8733: 8724: 8718: 8703: 8697: 8684: 8678: 8665: 8659: 8642: 8636: 8623: 8617: 8604: 8598: 8582: 8576: 8563: 8554: 8548: 8533: 8527: 8514: 8508: 8495: 8489: 8474: 8468: 8453: 8447: 8434: 8425: 8419: 8404: 8395: 8389: 8376: 8363: 8348: 8342: 8329: 8323: 8310: 8304: 8291: 8285: 8272: 8270:. CUP Archive. 8261: 8255: 8242: 8236: 8224:Kothari, Rajni 8220: 8214: 8201: 8176: 8170: 8157: 8151: 8135: 8129: 8113: 8107: 8094: 8088: 8072: 8066: 8053: 8047: 8034: 8025: 8019: 8006: 8000: 7985: 7979: 7964: 7958: 7945: 7939: 7926: 7920: 7907: 7901: 7886: 7880: 7867: 7858: 7850: 7841: 7832: 7826: 7811: 7800: 7791: 7780: 7768: 7757: 7748: 7746:. A. C. Black. 7744:Southern India 7739: 7728: 7717: 7708: 7697:"Madras" 7694:, ed. (1911). 7692:Chisholm, Hugh 7688: 7674: 7660: 7650: 7649: 7645: 7644: 7638: 7625: 7614: 7608: 7591: 7577: 7571: 7553: 7544: 7530: 7513: 7510: 7501: 7490: 7481: 7472: 7462: 7461: 7457: 7455: 7452: 7449: 7448: 7436: 7424: 7412: 7375: 7336: 7298: 7264: 7252: 7240: 7228: 7216: 7204: 7200:Finnemore 1917 7192: 7180: 7178:, p. 224. 7168: 7166:, p. 213. 7156: 7123: 7111: 7099: 7087: 7075: 7063: 7051: 7039: 7027: 7015: 7003: 6991: 6987:Finnemore 1917 6979: 6975:Finnemore 1917 6967: 6963:Finnemore 1917 6952: 6948:Finnemore 1917 6937: 6933:Finnemore 1917 6925: 6913: 6901: 6886: 6882:Finnemore 1917 6871: 6859: 6847: 6835: 6823: 6797: 6785: 6773: 6758: 6746: 6731: 6719: 6693: 6676: 6634: 6619: 6602: 6590: 6575: 6563: 6530: 6513: 6487: 6472: 6431: 6419: 6404: 6392: 6367: 6352: 6335: 6314: 6299: 6267: 6252: 6240: 6221: 6209: 6166: 6154: 6139: 6124: 6112: 6100: 6085: 6073: 6061: 6046: 6020: 6008: 5996: 5984: 5972: 5957: 5942: 5927: 5912: 5900: 5883: 5871: 5856: 5841: 5829: 5817: 5805: 5788: 5784:Steinberg 1950 5757: 5742: 5725: 5710: 5698: 5686: 5667: 5652: 5637: 5625: 5613: 5598: 5586: 5567: 5555: 5543: 5531: 5527:Steinberg 1950 5519: 5515:Steinberg 1950 5507: 5505:, p. 290. 5495: 5483: 5471: 5459: 5447: 5432: 5420: 5401: 5389: 5374: 5362: 5350: 5329: 5317: 5308: 5296: 5284: 5272: 5260: 5248: 5236: 5224: 5212: 5200: 5188: 5176: 5164: 5152: 5140: 5128: 5113: 5111:, p. 291. 5101: 5086: 5063: 5059:Sadasivan 1974 5048: 5031: 5019: 5013:978-8189909970 5012: 4994: 4961: 4946: 4924: 4912: 4900: 4888: 4876: 4864: 4852: 4848:Steinberg 1950 4840: 4836:Steinberg 1950 4823: 4811: 4799: 4787: 4770: 4755: 4751:Steinberg 1950 4743: 4731: 4719: 4707: 4687: 4662: 4650: 4618: 4606: 4594: 4590:Ramaswamy 1997 4582: 4562: 4547: 4535: 4518: 4506: 4491: 4479: 4467: 4455: 4443: 4431: 4419: 4404: 4364: 4334: 4323:on 3 June 2008 4308: 4282: 4270: 4258: 4246: 4234: 4230:Sadasivan 1974 4222: 4218:Sadasivan 1974 4210: 4179: 4167: 4164:Pramanand 1985 4156: 4124: 4109: 4097: 4079: 4067: 4063:Sadasivan 1974 4055: 4051:Sadasivan 1974 4043: 4039:Sadasivan 1974 4031: 4027:Sadasivan 1974 4019: 4007: 3995: 3983: 3971: 3959: 3947: 3943:Tara Dutt 2015 3935: 3923: 3911: 3899: 3887: 3882:Madras Courier 3868: 3856: 3844: 3832: 3820: 3816:Chaudhuri 2006 3808: 3796: 3773: 3761: 3749: 3737: 3725: 3713: 3701: 3669: 3656: 3655: 3653: 3650: 3648: 3645: 3644: 3643: 3638: 3633: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3613: 3608: 3603: 3596: 3593: 3592: 3591: 3588: 3581: 3579: 3566: 3559: 3557: 3547: 3540: 3538: 3531: 3524: 3522: 3512: 3505: 3503: 3497: 3490: 3488: 3485: 3478: 3460:Sati Sulochana 3454:'s Tamil film 3412:Madras Courier 3381:Carnatic music 3343:marmakkathayam 3279: 3276: 3245:Loyola College 3243:at Mangalore, 3153: 3150: 2970: 2967: 2963:Bank of Madura 2939:Karnataka Bank 2907:British Ceylon 2897:, Negapataam, 2855:Arbuthnot Bank 2648: 2645: 2560:custard apples 2502: 2499: 2309: 2306: 2234: 2233: 2230: 2227: 2221: 2198:Main article: 2187: 2184: 2075: 2074:Administration 2072: 1897:) boy, c. 1914 1877:students at a 1867: 1864: 1816: 1813: 1806: 1805: 1804: 1803: 1797: 1796: 1793: 1790: 1786: 1785: 1782: 1779: 1775: 1774: 1771: 1768: 1764: 1763: 1760: 1757: 1753: 1752: 1747: 1742: 1726: 1723: 1623:Andhra Pradesh 1615:southern India 1594: 1591: 1574: 1571: 1511: 1508: 1461:1937 elections 1378: 1377: 1368: 1367: 1359: 1358: 1357: 1356: 1355: 1350:Main article: 1347: 1344: 1256: 1253: 1166: 1163: 1124:Vellore Mutiny 1100:Lord Wellesley 1098:originated by 1077: 1074: 1058:Nawab of Arcot 1014: 1011: 1006:Main article: 984: 981: 961:Fort St George 928:Mughal Emperor 924:Sir Thomas Roe 899: 896: 861:Pandya dynasty 845: 842: 840: 837: 815:Following the 770:Fort St George 759:Madhya Pradesh 692:Andhra Pradesh 688:southern India 682:and later the 658: 657: 655: 654: 647: 640: 632: 629: 628: 625: 624: 621: 615: 614: 611: 605: 604: 601: 595: 594: 591: 585: 584: 581: 575: 574: 571: 565: 564: 561: 551: 550: 539: 536: 535: 532: 531: 528: 522: 521: 518: 508: 507: 496: 493: 492: 489: 488: 485: 479: 478: 475: 469: 468: 465: 459: 458: 455: 449: 448: 445: 443:Austrian India 435: 434: 427: 419: 418: 416:Colonial India 408: 407: 402: 398: 397: 394: 393: 390: 389: 382: 373: 370: 369: 364: 352: 351: 346: 336: 335: 332: 329: 326: 325: 319: 318: 315: 314: 311: 301: 298: 297: 294: 288: 285: 284: 281: 274: 271: 270: 267: 264: 261: 260: 257: 256: 251: 250:Historical era 247: 246: 240: 234: 231: 230: 224: 218: 215: 214: 211: 207: 206: 203: 202: 197: 194: 191: 190: 185: 182: 179: 178: 175: 174: 171: 165: 164: 161: 160: 155: 152: 149: 148: 143: 140: 137: 136: 133: 132: 129: 123: 122: 118:summer capital 106: 102: 101: 98: 90: 89: 84: 77: 76: 70: 63: 62: 61: 58: 57: 53: 52: 35: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 18740: 18729: 18726: 18724: 18721: 18719: 18716: 18714: 18711: 18709: 18706: 18704: 18701: 18699: 18696: 18694: 18691: 18689: 18686: 18684: 18681: 18679: 18676: 18675: 18673: 18666: 18663: 18626: 18618: 18616: 18606: 18604: 18596: 18595: 18592: 18578: 18575: 18573: 18570: 18568: 18565: 18563: 18560: 18558: 18555: 18553: 18550: 18548: 18545: 18543: 18540: 18538: 18535: 18533: 18530: 18528: 18525: 18523: 18520: 18518: 18517:Thiruvanmiyur 18515: 18513: 18510: 18508: 18505: 18503: 18500: 18498: 18495: 18493: 18490: 18488: 18485: 18483: 18480: 18478: 18475: 18473: 18470: 18468: 18465: 18463: 18462:Sithalapakkam 18460: 18458: 18455: 18453: 18450: 18448: 18445: 18443: 18440: 18438: 18435: 18433: 18430: 18428: 18425: 18423: 18422:Rajakilpakkam 18420: 18418: 18415: 18413: 18410: 18408: 18405: 18403: 18400: 18398: 18395: 18393: 18390: 18388: 18385: 18383: 18382:Perungalathur 18380: 18378: 18375: 18373: 18370: 18368: 18365: 18363: 18360: 18358: 18355: 18353: 18350: 18348: 18345: 18343: 18340: 18338: 18335: 18333: 18330: 18328: 18325: 18323: 18320: 18318: 18315: 18313: 18310: 18308: 18305: 18303: 18300: 18298: 18295: 18293: 18290: 18288: 18285: 18283: 18280: 18278: 18275: 18273: 18270: 18268: 18265: 18263: 18260: 18258: 18255: 18253: 18250: 18248: 18245: 18243: 18240: 18238: 18235: 18233: 18230: 18228: 18225: 18223: 18220: 18218: 18215: 18213: 18210: 18208: 18205: 18203: 18200: 18198: 18195: 18193: 18192:Madhuvankarai 18190: 18188: 18185: 18183: 18180: 18178: 18177:Kovilambakkam 18175: 18173: 18170: 18168: 18165: 18163: 18160: 18158: 18155: 18153: 18150: 18148: 18145: 18143: 18140: 18138: 18135: 18133: 18130: 18128: 18125: 18123: 18120: 18118: 18117:Kandanchavadi 18115: 18113: 18110: 18108: 18105: 18103: 18102:Jafferkhanpet 18100: 18098: 18095: 18093: 18090: 18088: 18085: 18083: 18082:Hasthinapuram 18080: 18078: 18075: 18073: 18070: 18068: 18065: 18063: 18060: 18058: 18055: 18053: 18050: 18048: 18047:Ekkaduthangal 18045: 18043: 18040: 18038: 18035: 18033: 18030: 18028: 18025: 18023: 18020: 18018: 18015: 18013: 18010: 18008: 18005: 18003: 18000: 17998: 17995: 17994: 17992: 17988: 17982: 17981:West Mambalam 17979: 17977: 17974: 17972: 17969: 17967: 17964: 17962: 17959: 17957: 17954: 17952: 17949: 17947: 17944: 17942: 17939: 17937: 17934: 17932: 17929: 17927: 17924: 17922: 17919: 17917: 17914: 17912: 17909: 17907: 17904: 17902: 17899: 17897: 17894: 17892: 17889: 17887: 17884: 17882: 17879: 17877: 17874: 17872: 17869: 17867: 17864: 17862: 17859: 17857: 17854: 17852: 17849: 17847: 17844: 17842: 17839: 17837: 17834: 17832: 17829: 17827: 17824: 17822: 17819: 17817: 17814: 17812: 17809: 17807: 17804: 17802: 17799: 17797: 17794: 17792: 17789: 17787: 17784: 17782: 17779: 17777: 17774: 17772: 17769: 17767: 17764: 17762: 17759: 17757: 17754: 17752: 17749: 17747: 17744: 17742: 17739: 17737: 17734: 17733: 17731: 17727: 17721: 17720:Virugambakkam 17718: 17716: 17713: 17711: 17708: 17706: 17703: 17701: 17698: 17696: 17693: 17691: 17688: 17686: 17683: 17681: 17678: 17676: 17673: 17671: 17668: 17666: 17663: 17661: 17658: 17656: 17655:Thiruninravur 17653: 17651: 17648: 17646: 17645:Thirumazhisai 17643: 17641: 17640:Thirumangalam 17638: 17636: 17635:Thathankuppam 17633: 17631: 17628: 17626: 17623: 17621: 17620:Tamaraipakkam 17618: 17616: 17613: 17611: 17608: 17606: 17605:Sriperumbudur 17603: 17601: 17598: 17596: 17593: 17591: 17588: 17586: 17583: 17581: 17578: 17576: 17573: 17571: 17568: 17566: 17563: 17561: 17558: 17556: 17553: 17551: 17550:Poonthandalam 17548: 17546: 17543: 17541: 17538: 17536: 17533: 17531: 17528: 17526: 17523: 17521: 17518: 17516: 17515:Pattaravakkam 17513: 17511: 17508: 17506: 17503: 17501: 17498: 17496: 17493: 17491: 17488: 17486: 17483: 17481: 17478: 17476: 17473: 17471: 17468: 17466: 17463: 17461: 17458: 17456: 17453: 17451: 17448: 17446: 17443: 17441: 17438: 17436: 17433: 17431: 17428: 17426: 17423: 17421: 17418: 17416: 17413: 17411: 17408: 17406: 17403: 17401: 17398: 17396: 17393: 17391: 17388: 17386: 17383: 17381: 17378: 17376: 17373: 17371: 17368: 17366: 17365:Malayambakkam 17363: 17361: 17358: 17356: 17353: 17351: 17348: 17346: 17343: 17341: 17338: 17336: 17333: 17331: 17328: 17326: 17323: 17321: 17318: 17316: 17313: 17311: 17308: 17306: 17303: 17301: 17298: 17296: 17293: 17291: 17288: 17286: 17283: 17281: 17278: 17276: 17273: 17271: 17268: 17266: 17263: 17261: 17258: 17256: 17253: 17251: 17248: 17246: 17243: 17241: 17238: 17236: 17235:Gerugambakkam 17233: 17231: 17228: 17226: 17223: 17221: 17218: 17216: 17215:Beemanthangal 17213: 17211: 17208: 17206: 17203: 17201: 17198: 17196: 17193: 17191: 17188: 17186: 17183: 17181: 17178: 17176: 17173: 17171: 17170:Arakkambakkam 17168: 17166: 17163: 17161: 17158: 17156: 17153: 17151: 17148: 17146: 17143: 17141: 17138: 17136: 17133: 17131: 17128: 17126: 17125:Adayalampattu 17123: 17122: 17120: 17116: 17110: 17107: 17105: 17102: 17100: 17097: 17095: 17092: 17090: 17087: 17085: 17084:Vinayagapuram 17082: 17080: 17077: 17075: 17072: 17070: 17067: 17065: 17062: 17060: 17057: 17055: 17052: 17050: 17047: 17045: 17042: 17040: 17037: 17035: 17032: 17030: 17027: 17025: 17022: 17020: 17017: 17015: 17012: 17010: 17007: 17005: 17002: 17000: 16997: 16995: 16992: 16990: 16987: 16985: 16982: 16980: 16977: 16975: 16972: 16970: 16967: 16965: 16964:Theeyampakkam 16962: 16960: 16957: 16955: 16952: 16950: 16947: 16945: 16942: 16940: 16937: 16935: 16932: 16930: 16927: 16925: 16922: 16920: 16917: 16915: 16912: 16910: 16909:Sembiyamanali 16907: 16905: 16902: 16900: 16897: 16895: 16892: 16890: 16887: 16885: 16882: 16880: 16877: 16875: 16872: 16870: 16869:Sadayankuppam 16867: 16865: 16862: 16860: 16857: 16855: 16852: 16850: 16847: 16845: 16842: 16840: 16837: 16835: 16832: 16830: 16827: 16825: 16822: 16820: 16817: 16815: 16812: 16810: 16807: 16805: 16804:Periyasekkadu 16802: 16800: 16799:Periyar Nagar 16797: 16795: 16792: 16790: 16787: 16785: 16782: 16780: 16777: 16775: 16772: 16770: 16769:Payasambakkam 16767: 16765: 16762: 16760: 16757: 16755: 16752: 16750: 16747: 16745: 16742: 16740: 16737: 16735: 16732: 16730: 16727: 16725: 16724:Nandiambakkam 16722: 16720: 16717: 16715: 16712: 16710: 16707: 16705: 16704:Moolachatiram 16702: 16700: 16697: 16695: 16692: 16690: 16687: 16685: 16682: 16680: 16677: 16675: 16672: 16670: 16667: 16665: 16662: 16660: 16657: 16655: 16652: 16650: 16647: 16645: 16642: 16640: 16637: 16635: 16634:Kumaran Nagar 16632: 16630: 16627: 16625: 16622: 16620: 16617: 16615: 16612: 16610: 16607: 16605: 16602: 16600: 16597: 16595: 16592: 16590: 16587: 16585: 16582: 16580: 16577: 16575: 16574:Kavaraipettai 16572: 16570: 16567: 16565: 16562: 16560: 16557: 16555: 16552: 16550: 16547: 16545: 16542: 16540: 16537: 16535: 16532: 16530: 16527: 16525: 16522: 16520: 16517: 16515: 16514:Jawahar Nagar 16512: 16510: 16507: 16505: 16504:Gummidipoondi 16502: 16500: 16497: 16495: 16492: 16490: 16487: 16485: 16484:Erukkancherry 16482: 16480: 16477: 16475: 16472: 16470: 16467: 16465: 16462: 16460: 16457: 16455: 16454:Edayanchavadi 16452: 16450: 16447: 16445: 16442: 16440: 16439:Chinnasekkadu 16437: 16435: 16432: 16430: 16429:Bandikavanoor 16427: 16425: 16424:Azhinjivakkam 16422: 16420: 16417: 16415: 16412: 16410: 16407: 16405: 16402: 16400: 16397: 16395: 16392: 16390: 16387: 16385: 16382: 16380: 16377: 16375: 16372: 16370: 16367: 16365: 16362: 16360: 16357: 16355: 16352: 16350: 16347: 16345: 16342: 16340: 16337: 16335: 16334:Aamullaivoyal 16332: 16331: 16329: 16325: 16321: 16314: 16310: 16296: 16293: 16291: 16288: 16286: 16283: 16281: 16278: 16276: 16273: 16271: 16268: 16266: 16263: 16261: 16258: 16256: 16253: 16251: 16248: 16246: 16243: 16241: 16238: 16236: 16233: 16231: 16228: 16226: 16225:Taj Connemara 16223: 16221: 16218: 16216: 16213: 16211: 16208: 16206: 16203: 16201: 16198: 16196: 16195:Hyatt Regency 16193: 16191: 16188: 16186: 16183: 16181: 16178: 16177: 16175: 16173: 16169: 16163: 16160: 16158: 16155: 16153: 16150: 16148: 16145: 16143: 16140: 16138: 16135: 16133: 16132:MIOT Hospital 16130: 16128: 16125: 16123: 16120: 16118: 16115: 16113: 16110: 16108: 16105: 16103: 16100: 16098: 16095: 16093: 16090: 16088: 16085: 16083: 16080: 16078: 16075: 16073: 16070: 16069: 16067: 16065: 16061: 16055: 16052: 16050: 16047: 16045: 16042: 16040: 16037: 16035: 16032: 16030: 16027: 16025: 16022: 16020: 16017: 16016: 16014: 16011: 16004: 15994: 15991: 15989: 15986: 15984: 15981: 15979: 15976: 15974: 15971: 15969: 15966: 15964: 15961: 15960: 15958: 15954: 15948: 15945: 15943: 15940: 15938: 15935: 15933: 15930: 15928: 15925: 15923: 15920: 15918: 15915: 15913: 15910: 15908: 15905: 15903: 15900: 15899: 15897: 15889: 15883: 15880: 15878: 15875: 15873: 15870: 15868: 15865: 15863: 15860: 15859: 15857: 15853: 15847: 15844: 15842: 15839: 15837: 15834: 15832: 15829: 15828: 15826: 15820: 15814: 15811: 15809: 15806: 15804: 15801: 15799: 15796: 15794: 15791: 15789: 15786: 15784: 15781: 15779: 15776: 15774: 15771: 15769: 15766: 15764: 15761: 15759: 15756: 15754: 15751: 15750: 15748: 15744: 15738: 15735: 15733: 15730: 15728: 15725: 15723: 15720: 15718: 15715: 15713: 15710: 15708: 15705: 15703: 15700: 15698: 15695: 15693: 15690: 15688: 15685: 15683: 15680: 15679: 15677: 15675: 15671: 15667: 15660: 15656: 15642: 15639: 15637: 15634: 15632: 15629: 15628: 15626: 15622: 15612: 15611:Chennai Blitz 15609: 15607: 15604: 15602: 15599: 15598: 15596: 15592: 15586: 15585:Chennai Lions 15583: 15582: 15580: 15576: 15570: 15567: 15566: 15564: 15560: 15554: 15551: 15550: 15548: 15544: 15538: 15537:Chennaiyin FC 15535: 15533: 15530: 15529: 15527: 15523: 15517: 15514: 15512: 15509: 15508: 15506: 15502: 15496: 15493: 15491: 15488: 15487: 15485: 15481: 15475: 15472: 15471: 15469: 15465: 15462: 15458: 15452: 15449: 15447: 15444: 15442: 15439: 15437: 15434: 15432: 15429: 15427: 15424: 15422: 15419: 15417: 15414: 15412: 15409: 15407: 15404: 15403: 15401: 15397: 15393: 15389: 15384: 15380: 15362: 15359: 15357: 15354: 15352: 15349: 15347: 15344: 15342: 15339: 15337: 15334: 15333: 15331: 15327: 15321: 15320:Padi Junction 15318: 15316: 15313: 15311: 15308: 15306: 15303: 15301: 15298: 15296: 15293: 15291: 15288: 15286: 15283: 15281: 15278: 15276: 15273: 15272: 15270: 15262: 15256: 15253: 15251: 15248: 15246: 15243: 15241: 15238: 15236: 15233: 15231: 15228: 15226: 15223: 15221: 15218: 15216: 15213: 15211: 15210:Cenotaph Road 15208: 15206: 15203: 15202: 15200: 15192: 15189: 15185: 15175: 15172: 15170: 15167: 15165: 15162: 15160: 15157: 15156: 15154: 15150: 15144: 15141: 15139: 15136: 15134: 15131: 15129: 15126: 15124: 15123:Chennai Metro 15121: 15120: 15118: 15112: 15109: 15105: 15099: 15096: 15094: 15091: 15089: 15086: 15084: 15081: 15080: 15078: 15074: 15068: 15065: 15064: 15062: 15058: 15054: 15050: 15045: 15041: 15027: 15024: 15022: 15019: 15018: 15016: 15012: 15006: 15003: 15001: 14998: 14996: 14993: 14991: 14988: 14986: 14983: 14981: 14978: 14976: 14973: 14972: 14970: 14966: 14960: 14957: 14955: 14952: 14950: 14947: 14945: 14942: 14940: 14937: 14935: 14932: 14930: 14927: 14925: 14922: 14920: 14917: 14915: 14912: 14910: 14907: 14905: 14902: 14900: 14897: 14895: 14892: 14890: 14887: 14885: 14882: 14880: 14877: 14875: 14872: 14870: 14867: 14865: 14862: 14860: 14857: 14855: 14852: 14850: 14847: 14845: 14842: 14841: 14839: 14837: 14833: 14829: 14825: 14820: 14816: 14802: 14799: 14797: 14794: 14792: 14791:Gymkhana Club 14789: 14788: 14786: 14782: 14776: 14773: 14771: 14770:Spencer Plaza 14768: 14766: 14765:Spectrum Mall 14763: 14761: 14758: 14756: 14753: 14751: 14748: 14746: 14743: 14741: 14738: 14736: 14733: 14731: 14728: 14726: 14723: 14721: 14718: 14716: 14713: 14712: 14710: 14708: 14704: 14698: 14695: 14693: 14690: 14688: 14687:Dash N Splash 14685: 14683: 14680: 14678: 14675: 14673: 14670: 14669: 14667: 14663: 14657: 14654: 14652: 14649: 14647: 14644: 14642: 14639: 14637: 14634: 14632: 14629: 14627: 14624: 14622: 14619: 14618: 14616: 14612: 14606: 14603: 14601: 14598: 14596: 14593: 14591: 14588: 14586: 14583: 14582: 14580: 14576: 14570: 14567: 14565: 14562: 14560: 14557: 14555: 14554:People's Park 14552: 14550: 14547: 14545: 14542: 14540: 14537: 14535: 14532: 14530: 14527: 14526: 14524: 14522: 14518: 14512: 14509: 14507: 14504: 14502: 14499: 14497: 14494: 14493: 14491: 14485: 14479: 14476: 14474: 14473:Madras School 14471: 14469: 14468:Madras Bashai 14466: 14464: 14461: 14459: 14456: 14454: 14451: 14449: 14446: 14445: 14443: 14439: 14435: 14431: 14426: 14422: 14408: 14405: 14403: 14400: 14398: 14395: 14393: 14390: 14389: 14387: 14383: 14377: 14374: 14372: 14369: 14367: 14364: 14362: 14359: 14357: 14354: 14352: 14349: 14347: 14344: 14342: 14339: 14337: 14336:Royal Enfield 14334: 14332: 14329: 14327: 14324: 14322: 14319: 14317: 14314: 14312: 14309: 14307: 14304: 14302: 14299: 14297: 14294: 14292: 14289: 14287: 14284: 14282: 14279: 14277: 14274: 14272: 14269: 14267: 14264: 14262: 14259: 14257: 14254: 14252: 14249: 14247: 14244: 14242: 14241:Ashok Leyland 14239: 14237: 14234: 14233: 14231: 14225: 14219: 14216: 14214: 14211: 14209: 14206: 14204: 14201: 14200: 14198: 14194: 14188: 14185: 14183: 14180: 14178: 14175: 14173: 14170: 14168: 14165: 14163: 14160: 14158: 14155: 14153: 14150: 14148: 14145: 14143: 14140: 14138: 14135: 14134: 14132: 14126: 14122: 14118: 14113: 14109: 14095: 14092: 14090: 14087: 14083: 14080: 14079: 14078: 14075: 14073: 14070: 14068: 14065: 14063: 14060: 14058: 14055: 14053: 14050: 14048: 14045: 14044: 14042: 14038: 14028: 14025: 14023: 14022:Virugambakkam 14020: 14018: 14015: 14013: 14010: 14008: 14005: 14003: 14002:Thiruvottiyur 14000: 13998: 13995: 13993: 13990: 13988: 13985: 13983: 13982:Sriperumbudur 13980: 13978: 13975: 13973: 13970: 13968: 13965: 13963: 13960: 13958: 13955: 13953: 13950: 13948: 13945: 13943: 13940: 13938: 13935: 13933: 13930: 13928: 13925: 13923: 13920: 13918: 13915: 13913: 13910: 13908: 13905: 13903: 13900: 13898: 13895: 13893: 13890: 13888: 13885: 13883: 13880: 13879: 13877: 13875: 13871: 13865: 13862: 13860: 13859:Sriperumbudur 13857: 13855: 13854:Chennai South 13852: 13850: 13849:Chennai North 13847: 13845: 13842: 13841: 13839: 13837: 13833: 13830: 13826: 13816: 13813: 13812: 13810: 13808: 13804: 13798: 13795: 13793: 13790: 13788: 13785: 13783: 13780: 13778: 13775: 13773: 13772:Sriperumbudur 13770: 13768: 13765: 13763: 13760: 13758: 13755: 13753: 13750: 13748: 13745: 13743: 13740: 13738: 13735: 13734: 13732: 13730: 13726: 13720: 13717: 13715: 13712: 13710: 13707: 13705: 13704:Gummidipoondi 13702: 13700: 13697: 13695: 13692: 13690: 13687: 13685: 13682: 13680: 13677: 13675: 13672: 13670: 13667: 13665: 13662: 13661: 13659: 13657: 13653: 13647: 13644: 13642: 13639: 13637: 13636:Purasaiwalkam 13634: 13632: 13629: 13627: 13624: 13622: 13619: 13617: 13614: 13612: 13609: 13607: 13604: 13602: 13599: 13598: 13596: 13594: 13590: 13587: 13583: 13577: 13574: 13572: 13569: 13567: 13564: 13562: 13559: 13558: 13556: 13552: 13548: 13544: 13539: 13535: 13521: 13518: 13516: 13513: 13511: 13508: 13506: 13503: 13501: 13498: 13496: 13493: 13491: 13490:Anna Memorial 13488: 13487: 13485: 13481: 13475: 13472: 13470: 13467: 13465: 13462: 13461: 13459: 13455: 13449: 13446: 13444: 13441: 13439: 13436: 13434: 13431: 13429: 13426: 13424: 13421: 13419: 13416: 13414: 13411: 13409: 13406: 13404: 13401: 13399: 13396: 13394: 13391: 13389: 13386: 13384: 13381: 13379: 13378:Brodie Castle 13376: 13374: 13371: 13369: 13366: 13365: 13363: 13361: 13355: 13349: 13346: 13344: 13341: 13339: 13336: 13335: 13333: 13329: 13323: 13320: 13318: 13315: 13314: 13312: 13308: 13302: 13299: 13297: 13294: 13292: 13289: 13287: 13284: 13283: 13281: 13277: 13271: 13268: 13266: 13263: 13261: 13258: 13257: 13255: 13251: 13245: 13242: 13240: 13237: 13235: 13232: 13230: 13227: 13225: 13222: 13220: 13217: 13215: 13212: 13210: 13207: 13205: 13202: 13200: 13197: 13195: 13192: 13190: 13187: 13185: 13182: 13180: 13177: 13175: 13172: 13170: 13167: 13165: 13162: 13160: 13157: 13155: 13152: 13150: 13147: 13145: 13144:Korattur Aeri 13142: 13140: 13137: 13135: 13132: 13130: 13127: 13125: 13122: 13120: 13117: 13115: 13112: 13110: 13109:Ambattur Lake 13107: 13105: 13102: 13101: 13099: 13097: 13093: 13087: 13086:Otteri Nullah 13084: 13082: 13079: 13077: 13074: 13072: 13069: 13067: 13064: 13063: 13061: 13057: 13051: 13050:South Chennai 13048: 13046: 13045:North Chennai 13043: 13041: 13038: 13036: 13033: 13032: 13030: 13026: 13022: 13018: 13014: 13009: 13005: 12991: 12988: 12986: 12983: 12981: 12978: 12976: 12973: 12971: 12968: 12967: 12965: 12961: 12955: 12952: 12950: 12947: 12945: 12942: 12940: 12937: 12935: 12932: 12930: 12929:Madras Manade 12927: 12925: 12922: 12920: 12917: 12915: 12912: 12910: 12907: 12905: 12902: 12900: 12897: 12895: 12892: 12890: 12887: 12885: 12882: 12881: 12879: 12875: 12869: 12866: 12864: 12861: 12858: 12855: 12852: 12848: 12847:Carnatic Wars 12845: 12843: 12840: 12838: 12835: 12833: 12830: 12828: 12825: 12824: 12822: 12818: 12812: 12809: 12807: 12806:Chola Dynasty 12804: 12802: 12799: 12797: 12794: 12792: 12791:Sangam period 12789: 12788: 12786: 12782: 12778: 12774: 12769: 12765: 12761: 12754: 12749: 12747: 12742: 12740: 12735: 12734: 12731: 12721: 12709: 12703: 12700: 12698: 12695: 12693: 12690: 12688: 12685: 12681: 12678: 12676: 12673: 12671: 12668: 12666: 12663: 12662: 12661: 12658: 12656: 12653: 12651: 12648: 12646: 12643: 12641: 12638: 12636: 12633: 12631: 12628: 12626: 12623: 12621: 12618: 12617: 12615: 12613: 12609: 12603: 12600: 12598: 12595: 12593: 12590: 12588: 12585: 12583: 12580: 12578: 12575: 12573: 12570: 12568: 12565: 12563: 12560: 12558: 12555: 12553: 12550: 12548: 12545: 12543: 12540: 12538: 12535: 12533: 12530: 12529: 12527: 12525: 12521: 12515: 12512: 12510: 12507: 12505: 12502: 12500: 12497: 12495: 12492: 12490: 12487: 12485: 12482: 12480: 12477: 12475: 12472: 12470: 12467: 12465: 12462: 12460: 12457: 12455: 12452: 12450: 12447: 12445: 12442: 12440: 12437: 12435: 12432: 12430: 12427: 12425: 12422: 12420: 12417: 12415: 12412: 12410: 12407: 12405: 12402: 12400: 12397: 12396: 12394: 12392: 12388: 12378: 12375: 12373: 12370: 12368: 12365: 12363: 12360: 12358: 12355: 12353: 12350: 12348: 12345: 12343: 12340: 12338: 12335: 12333: 12330: 12329: 12327: 12323: 12317: 12314: 12312: 12309: 12307: 12304: 12302: 12299: 12297: 12294: 12292: 12289: 12287: 12286:Jagatsinghpur 12284: 12282: 12279: 12277: 12274: 12272: 12269: 12268: 12266: 12262: 12256: 12253: 12251: 12248: 12246: 12243: 12241: 12238: 12236: 12233: 12231: 12228: 12226: 12223: 12221: 12218: 12216: 12213: 12211: 12208: 12207: 12205: 12201: 12198: 12196: 12190: 12186: 12180: 12177: 12175: 12172: 12170: 12167: 12165: 12164:Garhjat Hills 12162: 12160: 12157: 12155: 12152: 12150: 12147: 12146: 12144: 12142: 12138: 12132: 12129: 12127: 12124: 12122: 12119: 12117: 12114: 12112: 12109: 12107: 12104: 12102: 12099: 12097: 12094: 12092: 12089: 12087: 12084: 12082: 12079: 12077: 12074: 12072: 12069: 12067: 12064: 12062: 12059: 12057: 12054: 12052: 12049: 12047: 12044: 12043: 12041: 12039: 12035: 12029: 12026: 12024: 12021: 12019: 12016: 12014: 12011: 12009: 12006: 12002: 11999: 11998: 11997: 11994: 11992: 11989: 11987: 11984: 11983: 11981: 11979: 11975: 11970: 11960: 11956: 11954: 11950: 11947: 11945: 11941: 11938: 11936: 11935:Indian roller 11932: 11929: 11927: 11923: 11920: 11918: 11914: 11911: 11909: 11905: 11902: 11901: 11899: 11897: 11896:State symbols 11893: 11889: 11888: 11881: 11877: 11873: 11869: 11861: 11856: 11854: 11849: 11847: 11842: 11841: 11838: 11828: 11816: 11810: 11807: 11805: 11802: 11800: 11797: 11795: 11792: 11788: 11787:South Malabar 11785: 11783: 11782:North Malabar 11780: 11779: 11778: 11775: 11773: 11770: 11768: 11765: 11764: 11762: 11760: 11756: 11746: 11743: 11741: 11738: 11736: 11733: 11731: 11728: 11726: 11723: 11721: 11718: 11716: 11713: 11711: 11708: 11706: 11703: 11701: 11698: 11696: 11695:Kanjirappally 11693: 11691: 11688: 11686: 11683: 11681: 11678: 11676: 11673: 11671: 11668: 11666: 11663: 11661: 11660:Vadasserikara 11658: 11656: 11653: 11651: 11648: 11646: 11643: 11641: 11638: 11636: 11633: 11631: 11628: 11626: 11623: 11621: 11618: 11616: 11613: 11611: 11608: 11606: 11603: 11601: 11598: 11596: 11593: 11591: 11588: 11586: 11583: 11581: 11578: 11576: 11573: 11571: 11568: 11566: 11563: 11561: 11558: 11556: 11553: 11551: 11548: 11546: 11543: 11541: 11538: 11536: 11533: 11531: 11530:Balaramapuram 11528: 11526: 11523: 11522: 11520: 11516: 11510: 11507: 11505: 11504:Lakkidi-Perur 11502: 11500: 11497: 11495: 11492: 11490: 11487: 11485: 11482: 11480: 11477: 11475: 11472: 11470: 11467: 11465: 11462: 11460: 11457: 11455: 11452: 11450: 11447: 11445: 11442: 11440: 11437: 11435: 11432: 11430: 11427: 11425: 11422: 11420: 11419:Chottanikkara 11417: 11415: 11412: 11410: 11407: 11405: 11402: 11400: 11397: 11395: 11392: 11390: 11387: 11385: 11382: 11380: 11377: 11375: 11372: 11370: 11367: 11365: 11362: 11360: 11357: 11356: 11354: 11350: 11344: 11341: 11339: 11336: 11334: 11331: 11329: 11326: 11324: 11321: 11319: 11316: 11314: 11311: 11309: 11306: 11304: 11301: 11299: 11296: 11294: 11291: 11289: 11286: 11284: 11281: 11279: 11276: 11274: 11271: 11269: 11266: 11264: 11261: 11259: 11256: 11254: 11251: 11249: 11246: 11244: 11241: 11239: 11236: 11234: 11231: 11229: 11226: 11224: 11221: 11219: 11216: 11214: 11211: 11209: 11206: 11204: 11201: 11199: 11196: 11194: 11191: 11189: 11186: 11184: 11181: 11179: 11176: 11174: 11171: 11169: 11166: 11164: 11161: 11159: 11156: 11154: 11153:Kunnamangalam 11151: 11149: 11146: 11144: 11141: 11139: 11136: 11134: 11131: 11129: 11126: 11124: 11121: 11119: 11116: 11114: 11111: 11109: 11106: 11104: 11101: 11099: 11096: 11094: 11091: 11089: 11086: 11085: 11083: 11079: 11076: 11072: 11066: 11063: 11061: 11058: 11056: 11053: 11051: 11048: 11046: 11043: 11041: 11038: 11036: 11033: 11031: 11028: 11026: 11023: 11021: 11018: 11016: 11013: 11011: 11008: 11006: 11003: 11001: 10998: 10996: 10993: 10991: 10988: 10986: 10983: 10981: 10978: 10976: 10973: 10971: 10968: 10966: 10963: 10961: 10958: 10956: 10953: 10951: 10948: 10946: 10943: 10941: 10938: 10936: 10933: 10931: 10930:North Paravur 10928: 10926: 10923: 10921: 10918: 10916: 10915:Neyyattinkara 10913: 10911: 10908: 10906: 10903: 10901: 10898: 10896: 10893: 10891: 10888: 10886: 10883: 10881: 10878: 10876: 10873: 10871: 10868: 10866: 10863: 10861: 10858: 10856: 10853: 10851: 10848: 10846: 10843: 10841: 10838: 10836: 10833: 10831: 10828: 10826: 10823: 10821: 10818: 10816: 10813: 10811: 10808: 10806: 10803: 10801: 10798: 10796: 10793: 10791: 10788: 10786: 10783: 10781: 10778: 10776: 10773: 10771: 10768: 10766: 10763: 10761: 10758: 10756: 10755:Changanassery 10753: 10751: 10748: 10746: 10743: 10741: 10738: 10736: 10733: 10731: 10728: 10726: 10723: 10721: 10718: 10717: 10715: 10713: 10709: 10703: 10700: 10698: 10695: 10693: 10690: 10688: 10685: 10683: 10680: 10678: 10675: 10674: 10672: 10670: 10666: 10660: 10657: 10655: 10652: 10650: 10647: 10645: 10642: 10640: 10637: 10635: 10632: 10630: 10627: 10625: 10622: 10620: 10617: 10615: 10612: 10610: 10607: 10605: 10602: 10600: 10597: 10595: 10592: 10590: 10587: 10585: 10582: 10580: 10577: 10575: 10572: 10570: 10567: 10565: 10562: 10560: 10557: 10555: 10552: 10550: 10547: 10545: 10542: 10540: 10537: 10535: 10532: 10530: 10527: 10525: 10524:North Paravur 10522: 10520: 10517: 10515: 10514:Neyyattinkara 10512: 10510: 10507: 10505: 10502: 10500: 10497: 10495: 10492: 10490: 10487: 10485: 10482: 10480: 10477: 10475: 10472: 10470: 10467: 10465: 10462: 10460: 10457: 10455: 10452: 10450: 10447: 10445: 10442: 10440: 10437: 10435: 10432: 10430: 10427: 10425: 10422: 10420: 10419:Kothamangalam 10417: 10415: 10412: 10410: 10407: 10405: 10402: 10400: 10397: 10395: 10392: 10390: 10387: 10385: 10382: 10380: 10377: 10375: 10372: 10370: 10367: 10365: 10364:Kanjirappally 10362: 10360: 10357: 10355: 10352: 10350: 10347: 10345: 10342: 10340: 10337: 10335: 10332: 10330: 10327: 10325: 10322: 10320: 10317: 10315: 10312: 10310: 10307: 10305: 10304:Changanassery 10302: 10300: 10297: 10295: 10292: 10290: 10287: 10285: 10282: 10280: 10277: 10276: 10274: 10272: 10268: 10262: 10259: 10256: 10254: 10251: 10248: 10246: 10243: 10240: 10238: 10235: 10232: 10230: 10227: 10224: 10222: 10219: 10216: 10214: 10211: 10208: 10207: 10205: 10201: 10195: 10192: 10190: 10187: 10185: 10182: 10180: 10177: 10175: 10172: 10170: 10167: 10165: 10162: 10160: 10157: 10155: 10152: 10150: 10147: 10145: 10142: 10140: 10137: 10135: 10132: 10130: 10127: 10126: 10124: 10122: 10118: 10112: 10109: 10107: 10104: 10102: 10101:Wayanad KL-12 10099: 10097: 10094: 10092: 10089: 10087: 10084: 10082: 10079: 10077: 10074: 10072: 10069: 10067: 10064: 10062: 10059: 10057: 10054: 10052: 10049: 10047: 10044: 10043: 10041: 10039: 10035: 10031: 10030: 10025: 10020: 10016: 10012: 10008: 10000: 9995: 9993: 9988: 9986: 9981: 9980: 9977: 9967: 9955: 9949: 9946: 9944: 9941: 9939: 9936: 9934: 9931: 9929: 9926: 9925: 9923: 9921:Related lists 9919: 9913: 9910: 9908: 9905: 9903: 9900: 9898: 9895: 9893: 9890: 9888: 9885: 9883: 9880: 9878: 9875: 9873: 9870: 9868: 9865: 9863: 9860: 9858: 9855: 9853: 9850: 9848: 9845: 9843: 9840: 9838: 9835: 9833: 9830: 9828: 9825: 9824: 9822: 9820: 9816: 9810: 9807: 9805: 9802: 9800: 9797: 9795: 9794:Hindu temples 9792: 9790: 9787: 9785: 9782: 9780: 9777: 9775: 9772: 9771: 9769: 9767: 9763: 9757: 9754: 9752: 9749: 9746: 9744: 9741: 9740: 9738: 9736: 9732: 9726: 9723: 9721: 9720:Visakhapatnam 9718: 9716: 9713: 9711: 9708: 9706: 9703: 9701: 9698: 9696: 9693: 9691: 9688: 9686: 9683: 9681: 9678: 9676: 9673: 9671: 9668: 9666: 9663: 9661: 9658: 9656: 9653: 9651: 9648: 9646: 9643: 9641: 9638: 9636: 9635:Machilipatnam 9633: 9631: 9628: 9626: 9623: 9621: 9618: 9616: 9613: 9611: 9608: 9606: 9603: 9601: 9598: 9596: 9593: 9591: 9588: 9586: 9583: 9581: 9578: 9576: 9573: 9571: 9568: 9566: 9563: 9561: 9558: 9557: 9555: 9553: 9549: 9543: 9542:Visakhapatnam 9540: 9538: 9535: 9534: 9532: 9530: 9526: 9520: 9517: 9515: 9514:West Godavari 9512: 9510: 9507: 9505: 9504:Visakhapatnam 9502: 9500: 9497: 9495: 9492: 9490: 9487: 9485: 9482: 9480: 9477: 9475: 9472: 9470: 9467: 9465: 9462: 9460: 9457: 9455: 9452: 9450: 9447: 9445: 9442: 9440: 9437: 9435: 9432: 9430: 9429:East Godavari 9427: 9425: 9422: 9420: 9417: 9415: 9412: 9410: 9407: 9405: 9402: 9400: 9397: 9395: 9392: 9391: 9389: 9387: 9383: 9377: 9374: 9372: 9369: 9367: 9364: 9363: 9361: 9359: 9355: 9349: 9346: 9343: 9341: 9338: 9335: 9333: 9330: 9327: 9325: 9322: 9319: 9317: 9314: 9311: 9309: 9306: 9303: 9301: 9298: 9295: 9293: 9290: 9287: 9285: 9282: 9279: 9277: 9274: 9271: 9270: 9268: 9264: 9258: 9255: 9253: 9250: 9248: 9245: 9243: 9240: 9238: 9235: 9233: 9230: 9228: 9225: 9223: 9220: 9218: 9215: 9213: 9210: 9208: 9205: 9203: 9200: 9198: 9195: 9193: 9190: 9188: 9185: 9184: 9182: 9180: 9176: 9172: 9171: 9164: 9160: 9156: 9141: 9136: 9134: 9129: 9127: 9122: 9121: 9118: 9106: 9103: 9101: 9098: 9096: 9093: 9091: 9088: 9086: 9083: 9081: 9078: 9076: 9075: 9071: 9069: 9066: 9064: 9061: 9060: 9057: 9051: 9048: 9046: 9043: 9041: 9038: 9036: 9035:Sind Province 9033: 9031: 9028: 9026: 9023: 9021: 9018: 9016: 9013: 9011: 9008: 9006: 9003: 9001: 9000: 8996: 8994: 8991: 8989: 8986: 8984: 8981: 8979: 8976: 8974: 8971: 8969: 8968: 8967:(Upper) Burma 8964: 8962: 8959: 8957: 8954: 8952: 8949: 8947: 8944: 8942: 8939: 8937: 8934: 8932: 8929: 8927: 8926:Ajmer-Merwara 8924: 8922: 8921:Agra Province 8919: 8916: 8915: 8914:Aden Province 8911: 8910: 8908: 8904: 8897: 8894: 8891: 8890: 8886: 8884: 8881: 8879: 8876: 8874: 8871: 8869: 8866: 8864: 8861: 8860: 8858: 8854: 8850: 8845: 8841: 8840:British India 8837: 8830: 8825: 8823: 8818: 8816: 8811: 8810: 8807: 8801: 8798: 8797: 8786: 8784:9788120613355 8780: 8776: 8771: 8767: 8761: 8757: 8752: 8748: 8743: 8739: 8734: 8730: 8725: 8721: 8715: 8711: 8710: 8704: 8700: 8698:0-333-93410-5 8694: 8690: 8685: 8681: 8679:9781412826198 8675: 8671: 8666: 8662: 8660:9789004045101 8656: 8651: 8650: 8643: 8639: 8637:0-253-21681-8 8633: 8629: 8624: 8620: 8618:0-521-09652-9 8614: 8610: 8605: 8601: 8599:81-88661-24-4 8595: 8591: 8587: 8583: 8579: 8577:81-7041-433-4 8573: 8569: 8564: 8560: 8555: 8551: 8549:9780670085071 8545: 8541: 8540: 8534: 8530: 8528:81-261-0343-4 8524: 8520: 8515: 8511: 8509:0-393-31898-2 8505: 8501: 8496: 8492: 8490:9780520918795 8486: 8482: 8481: 8475: 8471: 8469:9788187139690 8465: 8461: 8460: 8454: 8450: 8444: 8440: 8435: 8431: 8426: 8422: 8420:81-7022-801-8 8416: 8412: 8411: 8405: 8401: 8396: 8392: 8390:81-7488-865-9 8386: 8382: 8377: 8366: 8360: 8356: 8355: 8349: 8345: 8343:0-415-04878-8 8339: 8336:. Routledge. 8335: 8330: 8326: 8324:0-7619-3419-7 8320: 8316: 8311: 8307: 8305:0-7619-9780-6 8301: 8297: 8292: 8288: 8286:81-7099-897-2 8282: 8278: 8273: 8269: 8268: 8262: 8258: 8256:0-415-32919-1 8252: 8248: 8243: 8239: 8237:81-250-0637-0 8233: 8229: 8225: 8221: 8217: 8215:1-85109-636-1 8211: 8207: 8202: 8198: 8194: 8190: 8186: 8182: 8177: 8173: 8167: 8163: 8158: 8154: 8152:0-00-638843-4 8148: 8144: 8140: 8136: 8132: 8126: 8122: 8118: 8114: 8110: 8108:9781857431339 8104: 8100: 8095: 8091: 8089:1-4021-5115-2 8085: 8081: 8077: 8073: 8069: 8067:81-7154-667-6 8063: 8059: 8054: 8050: 8044: 8041:. Routledge. 8040: 8035: 8031: 8026: 8022: 8016: 8012: 8007: 8003: 8001:9780521031592 7997: 7993: 7992: 7986: 7982: 7980:0-253-34810-2 7976: 7972: 7971: 7965: 7961: 7959:1-57181-911-8 7955: 7951: 7946: 7942: 7940:81-7141-431-1 7936: 7932: 7927: 7923: 7921:0-19-567021-3 7917: 7913: 7908: 7904: 7902:9788131732021 7898: 7894: 7893: 7887: 7883: 7881:0-521-42926-9 7877: 7873: 7868: 7864: 7859: 7855: 7851: 7847: 7842: 7838: 7833: 7829: 7827:9788120613447 7823: 7819: 7818: 7812: 7808: 7807: 7801: 7797: 7792: 7788: 7787: 7781: 7777: 7773: 7769: 7765: 7764: 7758: 7754: 7749: 7745: 7740: 7736: 7735: 7729: 7725: 7724: 7718: 7714: 7709: 7705: 7704: 7698: 7693: 7689: 7685: 7684: 7679: 7678:Besant, Annie 7675: 7671: 7670: 7665: 7661: 7657: 7652: 7651: 7647: 7646: 7641: 7635: 7631: 7626: 7622: 7621: 7615: 7611: 7609:0-520-04315-4 7605: 7601: 7597: 7596:K. Rangachari 7592: 7588: 7587: 7582: 7578: 7574: 7568: 7561: 7560: 7554: 7550: 7545: 7541: 7540: 7535: 7531: 7528: 7524: 7523: 7518: 7514: 7511: 7507: 7502: 7498: 7497: 7491: 7487: 7482: 7478: 7473: 7469: 7464: 7463: 7459: 7458: 7445: 7444:Kasbekar 2006 7440: 7433: 7432:Ishizuka 2008 7428: 7421: 7420:Thoraval 2000 7416: 7400: 7396: 7392: 7388: 7382: 7380: 7363: 7359: 7358: 7353: 7349: 7343: 7341: 7324: 7320: 7319: 7314: 7307: 7305: 7303: 7286: 7282: 7278: 7274: 7268: 7261: 7256: 7249: 7244: 7237: 7232: 7225: 7220: 7213: 7208: 7201: 7196: 7190:, p. 26. 7189: 7184: 7177: 7172: 7165: 7160: 7144: 7140: 7139: 7134: 7127: 7120: 7115: 7108: 7103: 7096: 7091: 7084: 7079: 7072: 7067: 7060: 7055: 7048: 7043: 7036: 7031: 7024: 7023:Thurston 1909 7019: 7012: 7011:Thurston 1909 7007: 7000: 6999:Thurston 1909 6995: 6988: 6983: 6976: 6971: 6964: 6959: 6957: 6949: 6944: 6942: 6934: 6929: 6922: 6917: 6910: 6905: 6898: 6897:Srinivas 1982 6893: 6891: 6883: 6878: 6876: 6868: 6863: 6856: 6851: 6844: 6839: 6832: 6827: 6811: 6807: 6801: 6794: 6789: 6782: 6777: 6770: 6765: 6763: 6755: 6750: 6743: 6738: 6736: 6728: 6723: 6707: 6703: 6697: 6690: 6685: 6683: 6681: 6664: 6660: 6659: 6654: 6647: 6645: 6643: 6641: 6639: 6631: 6626: 6624: 6616: 6611: 6609: 6607: 6599: 6594: 6587: 6582: 6580: 6572: 6567: 6551: 6547: 6541: 6539: 6537: 6535: 6527: 6522: 6520: 6518: 6501: 6497: 6491: 6484: 6479: 6477: 6468: 6462: 6446: 6442: 6435: 6428: 6423: 6416: 6411: 6409: 6401: 6396: 6389: 6384: 6382: 6380: 6378: 6376: 6374: 6372: 6364: 6359: 6357: 6349: 6344: 6342: 6340: 6332: 6327: 6325: 6323: 6321: 6319: 6311: 6310:Thurston 1913 6306: 6304: 6287: 6283: 6282: 6277: 6271: 6264: 6259: 6257: 6249: 6244: 6237: 6232: 6230: 6228: 6226: 6218: 6213: 6197: 6193: 6192: 6187: 6183: 6177: 6175: 6173: 6171: 6163: 6158: 6151: 6146: 6144: 6136: 6131: 6129: 6121: 6116: 6109: 6104: 6097: 6092: 6090: 6082: 6077: 6070: 6065: 6058: 6053: 6051: 6034: 6030: 6024: 6017: 6012: 6005: 6004:Thurston 1913 6000: 5993: 5992:Thurston 1913 5988: 5981: 5980:Thurston 1913 5976: 5969: 5968:Thurston 1913 5964: 5962: 5954: 5953:Thurston 1913 5949: 5947: 5939: 5938:Thurston 1913 5934: 5932: 5924: 5923:Thurston 1913 5919: 5917: 5909: 5908:Thurston 1913 5904: 5897: 5896:Thurston 1913 5892: 5890: 5888: 5880: 5879:Thurston 1913 5875: 5868: 5867:Thurston 1913 5863: 5861: 5853: 5848: 5846: 5838: 5837:Thurston 1913 5833: 5826: 5825:Thurston 1913 5821: 5814: 5809: 5802: 5797: 5795: 5793: 5785: 5780: 5778: 5776: 5774: 5772: 5770: 5768: 5766: 5764: 5762: 5754: 5753:Thurston 1913 5749: 5747: 5739: 5738:Thurston 1913 5734: 5732: 5730: 5722: 5721:Thurston 1913 5717: 5715: 5707: 5702: 5695: 5690: 5683: 5678: 5676: 5674: 5672: 5664: 5663:Thurston 1913 5659: 5657: 5649: 5648:Thurston 1913 5644: 5642: 5634: 5633:Thurston 1913 5629: 5622: 5621:Thurston 1913 5617: 5610: 5609:Thurston 1913 5605: 5603: 5595: 5594:Thurston 1913 5590: 5583: 5578: 5576: 5574: 5572: 5564: 5563:Thurston 1913 5559: 5552: 5547: 5540: 5535: 5528: 5523: 5516: 5511: 5504: 5503:Chisholm 1911 5499: 5492: 5487: 5480: 5475: 5468: 5463: 5456: 5451: 5444: 5439: 5437: 5429: 5424: 5417: 5412: 5410: 5408: 5406: 5398: 5393: 5386: 5381: 5379: 5371: 5366: 5359: 5354: 5347: 5342: 5340: 5338: 5336: 5334: 5326: 5321: 5312: 5305: 5300: 5293: 5288: 5281: 5276: 5269: 5264: 5257: 5252: 5245: 5240: 5233: 5228: 5221: 5216: 5209: 5204: 5197: 5192: 5185: 5180: 5173: 5168: 5161: 5156: 5149: 5148:Thurston 1913 5144: 5137: 5136:Thurston 1913 5132: 5125: 5120: 5118: 5110: 5109:Chisholm 1911 5105: 5098: 5093: 5091: 5083: 5078: 5076: 5074: 5072: 5070: 5068: 5060: 5055: 5053: 5045: 5044:Thurston 1913 5040: 5038: 5036: 5028: 5027:Thurston 1913 5023: 5015: 5009: 5005: 4998: 4982: 4978: 4977: 4972: 4965: 4957: 4950: 4942: 4938: 4934: 4928: 4921: 4916: 4909: 4904: 4897: 4892: 4885: 4884:Thurston 1913 4880: 4873: 4868: 4861: 4856: 4849: 4844: 4837: 4832: 4830: 4828: 4820: 4815: 4808: 4803: 4796: 4791: 4784: 4783:Thurston 1913 4779: 4777: 4775: 4767: 4766:Thurston 1913 4762: 4760: 4752: 4747: 4740: 4735: 4728: 4723: 4716: 4711: 4703: 4699: 4698: 4691: 4676: 4672: 4666: 4660:, pp. 157–160 4659: 4654: 4638: 4634: 4633: 4628: 4622: 4615: 4610: 4603: 4598: 4591: 4586: 4578: 4571: 4569: 4567: 4558: 4551: 4544: 4539: 4532: 4531:Thurston 1909 4527: 4525: 4523: 4515: 4510: 4503: 4498: 4496: 4488: 4483: 4476: 4471: 4464: 4459: 4452: 4447: 4440: 4435: 4428: 4423: 4416: 4411: 4409: 4400: 4394: 4378: 4374: 4368: 4352: 4348: 4344: 4338: 4322: 4318: 4312: 4296: 4292: 4286: 4279: 4274: 4267: 4262: 4255: 4254:Mazumdar 1917 4250: 4243: 4242:Mazumdar 1917 4238: 4231: 4226: 4219: 4214: 4198: 4194: 4190: 4183: 4176: 4171: 4165: 4160: 4141: 4134: 4128: 4121: 4116: 4114: 4106: 4101: 4093: 4086: 4084: 4076: 4071: 4064: 4059: 4052: 4047: 4040: 4035: 4028: 4023: 4016: 4011: 4005:, pp. 250–253 4004: 3999: 3992: 3987: 3980: 3975: 3968: 3963: 3956: 3951: 3945:, p. 45. 3944: 3939: 3932: 3927: 3920: 3915: 3908: 3903: 3896: 3891: 3883: 3879: 3872: 3865: 3860: 3853: 3848: 3841: 3836: 3829: 3824: 3817: 3812: 3805: 3800: 3793: 3788: 3786: 3784: 3782: 3780: 3778: 3770: 3765: 3758: 3753: 3746: 3741: 3734: 3729: 3722: 3717: 3710: 3709:Thurston 1913 3705: 3689: 3685: 3684: 3679: 3673: 3666: 3661: 3657: 3642: 3639: 3637: 3634: 3632: 3629: 3627: 3624: 3622: 3619: 3617: 3614: 3612: 3609: 3607: 3604: 3602: 3599: 3598: 3585: 3580: 3576: 3575: 3570: 3563: 3558: 3554: 3550: 3544: 3539: 3535: 3528: 3523: 3519: 3516: 3509: 3504: 3501: 3494: 3489: 3482: 3477: 3476: 3475: 3473: 3470:, Madras and 3469: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3444: 3442: 3438: 3437: 3433:in 1878, and 3432: 3428: 3427: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3408: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3386: 3385:bharatanatyam 3382: 3378: 3377:bull-fighting 3374: 3373:cock-fighting 3369: 3367: 3363: 3362: 3357: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3339: 3334: 3329: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3314: 3310: 3308: 3304: 3303: 3297: 3295: 3290: 3288: 3287: 3275: 3272: 3268: 3264: 3261:In 1923, the 3259: 3257: 3253: 3252:British India 3248: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3225: 3223: 3219: 3216:in 1835. The 3215: 3211: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3193: 3191: 3186: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3149: 3147: 3143: 3139: 3133: 3130: 3126: 3121: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3110:J. R. D. Tata 3107: 3103: 3098: 3093: 3090: 3086: 3081: 3077: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3062:Pamban island 3059: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3037: 3030: 3025: 3018: 3017:Pamban island 3014: 3009: 3003: 2999: 2994: 2990: 2988: 2984: 2975: 2966: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2882: 2879: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2856: 2852: 2851:Binny and Co. 2848: 2843: 2839: 2834: 2795: 2793: 2787: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2746: 2742: 2737: 2734: 2728: 2696: 2689: 2684: 2677: 2672: 2664: 2658: 2653: 2644: 2641: 2637: 2631: 2629: 2625: 2617: 2616:Periyar river 2613: 2608: 2604: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2516:Indian millet 2507: 2498: 2495: 2491: 2486: 2480: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2459: 2457: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2440: 2433: 2431: 2427: 2422: 2421: 2414: 2411: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2391: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2355: 2349: 2345: 2343: 2335: 2331: 2323: 2319: 2314: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2295: 2291: 2290:Indian Mutiny 2287: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2274:Carnatic Wars 2271: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2250: 2247: 2238: 2231: 2228: 2226: 2222: 2219: 2218: 2217: 2215: 2210: 2208: 2201: 2192: 2183: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2160: 2157: 2153: 2148: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2102:Fort St David 2098: 2096: 2092: 2087: 2081: 2071: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2028:Hindu temples 2025: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2005: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1906: 1904: 1896: 1891: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1863: 1859: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1827: 1822: 1812: 1802: 1801: 1798: 1794: 1791: 1788: 1787: 1783: 1780: 1777: 1776: 1772: 1769: 1766: 1765: 1761: 1758: 1755: 1754: 1748: 1743: 1740: 1739: 1732: 1722: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1709:districts of 1708: 1704: 1700: 1697:districts of 1696: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1627:Banaganapalle 1624: 1620: 1616: 1607: 1599: 1590: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1570: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1559:1946 election 1556: 1552: 1547: 1545: 1541: 1536: 1528: 1525: 1521: 1516: 1507: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1468: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1453: 1448: 1444: 1443:P. Subbarayan 1440: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1414:Justice Party 1410: 1406: 1396: 1392: 1389: 1385: 1382: 1372: 1363: 1353: 1343: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1332: 1327: 1326: 1325:Swadesamitran 1321: 1320: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1271: 1267: 1262: 1252: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1233: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1222:Chief Justice 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1172: 1162: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1139: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1128:Paliath Achan 1125: 1120: 1118: 1117:Visakhapatnam 1114: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1083: 1073: 1071: 1068:bringing the 1067: 1063: 1062:Azim-ud-Daula 1059: 1056:In 1801, the 1054: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1009: 1004: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 980: 978: 974: 970: 966: 962: 958: 954: 949: 944: 943:Masulipatinam 940: 936: 932: 929: 925: 921: 918:(1567–1625), 917: 913: 909: 905: 895: 893: 889: 884: 882: 878: 874: 870: 866: 862: 859: 855: 851: 836: 834: 830: 826: 822: 818: 813: 811: 807: 803: 799: 795: 791: 787: 783: 779: 775: 774:Machilipatnam 771: 767: 762: 760: 756: 752: 748: 744: 740: 736: 732: 728: 723: 721: 717: 713: 709: 705: 701: 698:and parts of 697: 693: 689: 685: 681: 680:British India 677: 673: 669: 665: 653: 648: 646: 641: 639: 634: 633: 631: 630: 622: 620: 617: 616: 612: 610: 607: 606: 602: 600: 597: 596: 592: 590: 587: 586: 582: 580: 577: 576: 572: 570: 567: 566: 562: 560: 557: 556: 553: 552: 542: 541:British India 538: 537: 529: 527: 524: 523: 519: 517: 516:Casa da Índia 514: 513: 510: 509: 499: 495: 494: 486: 484: 481: 480: 476: 474: 471: 470: 466: 464: 461: 460: 456: 454: 453:Swedish India 451: 450: 446: 444: 441: 440: 437: 436: 431: 425: 421: 420: 417: 414: 413: 406: 403: 401:Today part of 399: 383: 381: 378: 377: 374: 368: 367:Madras Agency 365: 358: 357: 354: 353: 350: 347: 345: 342: 341: 337: 333: 327: 324: 320: 316: 312: 309: 305: 299: 295: 292: 286: 282: 278: 272: 268: 262: 258: 255: 252: 248: 244: 241: 238: 232: 228: 225: 222: 216: 212: 208: 204: 201: 198: 192: 189: 186: 180: 176: 172: 170: 166: 162: 159: 156: 150: 147: 144: 138: 134: 130: 128: 124: 119: 114: 110: 107: 103: 96: 91: 81: 73: 67: 59: 54: 33: 30: 19: 18659:13.08; 80.27 18635: 18577:Vettuvankeni 18527:Thuraipakkam 18442:Semmencherry 18332:Pallikaranai 18307:Ottiambakkam 18287:Noothancheri 18227:Meenambakkam 18207:Manimangalam 18202:Mamallapuram 18182:Kovilanchery 18157:Keelkattalai 18062:Guduvancheri 18037:Chengalpattu 18027:Chitlapakkam 18022:Besant Nagar 17911:Purasawalkam 17896:Pondy Bazaar 17871:Panagal Park 17861:Nungambakkam 17766:Chintadripet 17746:Burma Bazaar 17705:Venkatapuram 17595:Shenoy Nagar 17585:Seneerkuppam 17530:Perumalpattu 17505:Paruthipattu 17495:Paraniputhur 17425:Nandambakkam 17420:Nandambakkam 17415:Muthapudupet 17410:Mugalivakkam 17380:Melkondaiyur 17355:Kuthambakkam 17305:Kilkondaiyur 17200:Ayanambakkam 17104:Washermanpet 17064:Vijayanallur 16989:Tiruvottiyur 16954:Thathaimanji 16899:Sembilivaram 16789:Periapalayam 16774:Pazhaverkadu 16679:Manjambakkam 16654:Madharpakkam 16639:Lakshmipuram 16629:Kottai Karai 16544:Kannigaipair 16434:Basin Bridge 16409:Attanthangal 16364:Anuppampattu 16280:Savera Hotel 16245:Radisson GRT 15746:Universities 15663:Institutions 15631:Chennai Open 15578:Table tennis 15504:Field hockey 15275:Anna Flyover 15267:and flyovers 15133:Chennai MRTS 15083:Chennai Port 14730:Chandra Mall 14725:Ampa Skywalk 14636:Lit for Life 14549:Panagal Park 14544:Natesan Park 14539:May Day Park 14511:Marina Beach 14506:Golden Beach 14229:institutions 14203:SEZ Corridor 14187:Washermanpet 14167:Purasawalkam 14162:Pondy Bazaar 14152:Panagal Park 14137:Burma Bazaar 13902:Chengalpattu 13792:Madurantakam 13757:Chengalpattu 13664:Tiruvottiyur 13469:Thomas Munro 13393:LIC Building 13343:Ennore Creek 13124:Chetput Lake 13076:Coovum River 12434:Bhawanipatna 12169:Chilika Lake 12159:Utkal Plains 12111:Bhoi dynasty 12066:Nala dynasty 11885: 11745:Kaduthuruthy 11730:Kuravilangad 11680:Ambalappuzha 11620:Kozhencherry 11615:Kulathupuzha 11605:Pathanapuram 11585:Sasthamkotta 11489:Puthunagaram 11439:Nedumbassery 11424:Udayamperoor 11364:Vandiperiyar 11313:Vellarikundu 11273:Pappinisseri 11253:Anjarakkandy 11163:Thiruvambady 11158:Thamarassery 11098:Puthanathani 11030:Thrikkakkara 10905:Muvattupuzha 10860:Kottarakkara 10845:Kuthuparamba 10790:Irinjalakuda 10654:Vellarikundu 10634:Udumbanchola 10599:Thamarassery 10539:Pathanapuram 10504:Muvattupuzha 10499:Mukundapuram 10479:Manjeshwaram 10474:Mananthavady 10439:Kozhencherry 10424:Kottarakkara 10294:Ambalappuzha 10139:Demographics 10106:Kannur KL-13 10071:Idukki KL-06 10051:Kollam KL-02 10027: 9725:Vizianagaram 9650:Narasaraopet 9509:Vizianagaram 9366:North Andhra 9212:Demographics 9168: 9072: 8997: 8965: 8912: 8887: 8877: 8856:Presidencies 8848: 8774: 8755: 8746: 8737: 8728: 8708: 8688: 8669: 8648: 8627: 8608: 8589: 8567: 8558: 8538: 8518: 8499: 8479: 8458: 8438: 8429: 8409: 8399: 8380: 8368:. Retrieved 8353: 8333: 8314: 8295: 8276: 8266: 8246: 8227: 8208:. ABC-CLIO. 8205: 8180: 8161: 8142: 8120: 8098: 8097:Eur (2002). 8079: 8057: 8038: 8029: 8013:. Springer. 8010: 7990: 7969: 7949: 7930: 7911: 7891: 7871: 7862: 7853: 7845: 7836: 7816: 7805: 7795: 7785: 7775: 7762: 7752: 7743: 7733: 7722: 7712: 7701: 7682: 7668: 7655: 7629: 7619: 7599: 7585: 7558: 7548: 7538: 7526: 7521: 7504: 7495: 7485: 7476: 7467: 7439: 7427: 7415: 7403:. Retrieved 7399:the original 7394: 7366:. Retrieved 7362:the original 7355: 7327:. Retrieved 7323:the original 7316: 7289:. Retrieved 7285:the original 7280: 7267: 7260:Muthiah 2004 7255: 7248:Muthiah 2004 7243: 7236:Muthiah 2004 7231: 7224:Muthiah 2004 7219: 7212:Muthiah 2004 7207: 7195: 7183: 7171: 7159: 7147:. Retrieved 7143:the original 7136: 7126: 7114: 7102: 7090: 7078: 7066: 7054: 7042: 7030: 7018: 7006: 6994: 6982: 6970: 6928: 6916: 6909:Agarwal 1994 6904: 6862: 6850: 6838: 6826: 6814:. 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Retrieved 4637:the original 4630: 4621: 4609: 4597: 4585: 4556: 4550: 4543:Bhakshi 1991 4538: 4509: 4482: 4470: 4458: 4446: 4434: 4422: 4381:. Retrieved 4376: 4367: 4355:. Retrieved 4346: 4337: 4325:. Retrieved 4321:the original 4311: 4299:. Retrieved 4295:the original 4285: 4273: 4261: 4249: 4237: 4225: 4213: 4201:. Retrieved 4197:the original 4192: 4182: 4170: 4159: 4147:. Retrieved 4127: 4100: 4091: 4075:Muthiah 2004 4070: 4058: 4046: 4034: 4022: 4015:Hibbert 2000 4010: 3998: 3986: 3974: 3962: 3950: 3938: 3926: 3914: 3902: 3890: 3881: 3871: 3864:Wheeler 1996 3859: 3852:Wheeler 1996 3847: 3835: 3823: 3811: 3799: 3792:Wheeler 1996 3769:Wheeler 1996 3764: 3757:Wheeler 1996 3752: 3745:Wheeler 1996 3740: 3733:Wheeler 1996 3728: 3721:Hunter, 1908 3716: 3704: 3692:. Retrieved 3688:the original 3681: 3672: 3665:Iyengar 1929 3660: 3572: 3463: 3459: 3455: 3445: 3441:Madras Times 3440: 3434: 3424: 3415: 3411: 3409: 3370: 3359: 3350: 3342: 3336: 3330: 3311: 3306: 3300: 3298: 3291: 3284: 3281: 3262: 3260: 3249: 3226: 3194: 3187: 3155: 3134: 3122: 3094: 3082: 3078: 3070:Mettupalayam 3038: 3034: 2982: 2980: 2889:, Cocanada, 2883: 2880: 2835: 2796: 2788: 2738: 2729: 2701: 2655:The port of 2632: 2621: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2548:castor beans 2528:sweet potato 2512: 2493: 2489: 2487: 2478: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2460: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2437: 2434: 2425: 2418: 2415: 2412: 2392: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2363: 2351: 2339: 2336: 2333: 2302: 2298: 2268:(1811), the 2251: 2243: 2211: 2203: 2186:Armed forces 2164:Banganapalle 2161: 2138:Trichinopoly 2099: 2083: 1991:Jesus Christ 1907: 1900: 1860: 1832: 1809: 1725:Demographics 1675:Nabarangapur 1641:and part of 1612: 1583:Madras State 1576: 1548: 1532: 1526: 1495: 1491: 1472:Anti-Brahmin 1469: 1450: 1439:Lord Goschen 1402: 1390: 1383: 1329: 1323: 1317: 1310:Annie Besant 1292: 1275: 1270:Annie Besant 1234: 1218:Anglo-Indian 1174: 1140: 1136:Sepoy Mutiny 1132:Poligar Wars 1121: 1085: 1055: 1047:French India 1016: 986: 965:Andrew Cogan 916:King James I 901: 885: 847: 833:Madras State 814: 809: 805: 763: 724: 671: 667: 663: 661: 559:EIC in India 483:French India 473:Danish India 429: 380:Madras State 349:Succeeded by 348: 343: 85:Coat of arms 29: 18703:Lakshadweep 18657: / 18625:WikiProject 18572:Vengaivasal 18497:Tharapakkam 18372:Perumbakkam 18282:Nellikuppam 18277:Neelankarai 18267:Nanmangalam 18262:Nanganallur 18242:Mettukuppam 18212:Mannivakkam 18187:Madambakkam 18167:Kottivakkam 18162:Kelambakkam 18147:Kazhipattur 18137:Karumbakkam 18122:Kannivakkam 18097:Irumbuliyur 18092:Injambakkam 18057:Gowrivakkam 18017:Anakaputhur 17906:Pulianthope 17856:Nochikuppam 17821:Kotturpuram 17806:Kodambakkam 17791:Gopalapuram 17786:George Town 17710:Veppampattu 17665:Tiruverkadu 17540:Poonamallee 17520:Perambakkam 17485:Pandeswaram 17445:Nemilichery 17405:Moulivakkam 17360:Maduravoyal 17300:Kattupakkam 17290:Karambakkam 17285:Kallikuppam 17265:Kadambathur 17260:K. K. Nagar 17225:Choolaimedu 17180:Ashok Nagar 17150:Andankuppam 17140:Aminjikarai 17109:Wimco Nagar 17079:Villivakkam 17069:Vilakupattu 17039:Vannipakkam 17014:Vadamadurai 16829:Puthubakkam 16754:Padianallur 16604:Kodungaiyur 16559:Kathivakkam 16354:Andarkuppam 16255:JW Marriott 15937:DG Vaishnav 15922:Vivekananda 15823:Engineering 15722:Kalakshetra 15197:expressways 15088:Ennore Port 14677:Queens Land 14665:Theme parks 14595:PVR Cinemas 14397:Electronics 14291:Indian Bank 14017:Villivakkam 13957:Poonamallee 13932:Maduravoyal 13864:Thiruvallur 13787:Uthiramerur 13782:Kanchipuram 13694:Poonamallee 13684:Maduravoyal 13601:Aminjikarai 13413:Rajaji Hall 13338:Adyar Creek 13199:Pulhal Lake 13174:Manali Lake 13169:Mangal Lake 13066:Adyar River 12587:Pattachitra 12582:Odisha Ikat 12537:Bomkai sari 12524:GI products 12439:Bhubaneswar 11887:Bhubaneswar 11725:Puthuppally 11685:Mararikulam 11675:Charummoodu 11555:Chathannoor 11414:Malayattoor 11404:Kunnathunad 11298:Cheruvathur 11293:Thrikaripur 11278:Kalliasseri 11143:Vallikkunnu 11118:Kuttippuram 11108:Angadipuram 11074:Other towns 11045:Tirurangadi 11015:Taliparamba 10980:Perumbavoor 10925:Nileshwaram 10900:Mavelikkara 10875:Kunnamkulam 10835:Kodungallur 10800:Kalamassery 10629:Tirurangadi 10584:Taliparamba 10489:Mavelikkara 10454:Kunnathunad 10449:Kunnamkulam 10399:Kodungallur 10237:Golden rain 9680:Rajahmundry 9640:Madanapalle 9585:Dharmavaram 9376:Rayalaseema 8999:Lower Burma 8941:Baluchistan 8892:(at Penang) 8586:S., Muthiah 8370:17 November 7405:17 November 7387:S., Muthiah 7368:17 November 7348:Guy, Randor 7329:17 November 7291:17 November 7273:Guy, Randor 7202:, pp. 35–41 7149:17 November 6867:Hunter 1908 6843:Hunter 1908 6816:17 November 6793:Hunter 1908 6712:17 November 6689:Ralhan 2002 6669:17 November 6630:Hunter 1908 6615:Hunter 1908 6598:Hunter 1908 6571:Wright 1999 6556:17 November 6506:17 November 6483:Hunter 1908 6451:17 November 6400:Hunter 1908 6363:Hunter 1908 6292:17 November 6202:17 November 6182:Muthiah, S. 5852:Hunter 1908 5813:Hunter 1908 5801:Hunter 1908 5694:Hunter 1908 5682:Hunter 1908 5582:Hunter 1908 5184:Hunter 1908 4943:(15). 2009. 4908:Ralhan 2002 4819:Hunter 1908 4795:Mollin 2006 4680:17 November 4643:25 December 4604:, pp. 42–44 4592:, Chapter 4 4502:Ralhan 2002 4487:Ralhan 2002 4475:Ralhan 2002 4463:Ralhan 2002 4451:Ralhan 2002 4439:Ralhan 2002 4427:Ralhan 2002 4415:Slater 1918 4383:17 November 4357:17 November 4327:17 November 4301:17 November 4278:Besant 1915 4266:Besant 1915 4203:17 November 4149:17 November 4003:Kamath 1980 3991:Kamath 1980 3969:, pp. 34–37 3955:Hunter 1908 3931:Hunter 1908 3919:Hunter 1908 3895:Hunter 1908 3840:Newell 1919 3828:Thorpe 2011 3536:, c.a. 1909 3351:devasthanam 3335:recognised 3267:A. P. Patro 3188:Similarly, 3142:Talaimannar 3056:connecting 2985:along with 2955:Vijaya Bank 2947:Andhra Bank 2919:Canara Bank 2915:Indian Bank 2872:Indian Bank 2842:Madras city 2674:Weaving on 2634:pumps. The 2308:Land tenure 2288:during the 2280:during the 2246:Madras Army 2200:Madras Army 2172:Pudukkottai 2095:Madras Army 2066:which gave 1974:Malik Kafur 1914:Vaishnavite 1645:regions of 1643:Pandya Nadu 1631:Tondai Nadu 1340:B. P. Wadia 1331:Mathrubhumi 1208:; in 1877, 1178:Lord Harris 1171:British Raj 1064:signed the 1019:George Town 997:Aaron Baker 989:Thomas Ivie 957:Francis Day 873:Malik Kafur 546:(1600–1947) 503:(1505–1961) 463:Dutch India 344:Preceded by 245:(1935–1947) 237:Lower house 229:(1861–1947) 221:Upper house 210:Legislature 18672:Categories 18562:Vanuvampet 18552:Vadanemili 18512:Thiruporur 18467:Somangalam 18412:Pudupakkam 18402:Polichalur 18352:Pattipulam 18327:Pallavaram 18317:Palavakkam 18297:Okkiyampet 18257:Nandivaram 18222:Medavakkam 18197:Madipakkam 18152:Kizhkalvoy 18132:Karapakkam 18107:Jaladampet 18007:Agaramthen 17997:Adambakkam 17971:Vadapalani 17966:Trustpuram 17961:Triplicane 17956:The Island 17936:Saligramam 17926:Royapettah 17826:Mandavelli 17680:Veerapuram 17660:Tiruvallur 17600:Sorancheri 17510:Pattabiram 17500:Parivakkam 17455:Nerkundram 17450:Nesapakkam 17370:Manapakkam 17350:Kundrathur 17320:Kolapakkam 17245:ICF Colony 17190:Arumbakkam 17155:Anna Nagar 17099:Vyasarpadi 17004:Uthukottai 16999:Tondiarpet 16974:Thirunilai 16919:Siruvapuri 16914:Sholavaram 16889:Seemavaram 16874:Sathangadu 16844:Puthagaram 16839:Pulli Lyon 16809:Perungavur 16784:Peravallur 16759:Pallipattu 16714:Muthialpet 16709:Moolakadai 16644:Madhavaram 16619:Korukkupet 16614:Kondithope 16599:Kodipallam 16589:KK Thazhai 16569:Kavangarai 16554:Kathirvedu 16534:Kalpalayam 16519:Kadapakkam 16499:Grant Lyon 16449:Edapalayam 16444:Chettimedu 16419:Ayanavaram 16404:Athivakkam 16384:Arumandhai 16369:Arambakkam 16317:Localities 16260:Park Hyatt 16008:Diplomatic 15594:Volleyball 15205:Anna Salai 14760:Ramee Mall 14641:Madras Day 14392:Automotive 14366:TVS Motors 14276:GMR Vasavi 14213:Tidel Park 14012:Tiruvallur 13942:Pallavaram 13927:Madhavaram 13892:Anna Nagar 13762:Thiruporur 13747:Pallavaram 13719:Pallipattu 13709:Uthukottai 13699:Tiruvallur 13669:Madhavaram 13641:Tondiarpet 13606:Ayanavaram 13398:Lighthouse 13368:Amir Mahal 13331:Marshlands 13270:The Island 13204:Porur Lake 13194:Porur Lake 12975:Randor Guy 12970:S. Muthiah 12857:Chingleput 12675:Literature 12479:Kendrapara 12464:Jharsuguda 12367:Nabrangpur 12362:Malkangiri 12306:Mayurbhanj 12296:Kendrapara 12255:Sundergarh 12250:Subarnapur 12235:Jharsuguda 12008:High Court 11978:Governance 11953:Sacred fig 11804:Travancore 11715:Karukachal 11705:Mundakayam 11635:Mallapally 11570:Neendakara 11550:Parippally 11545:Kilimanoor 11494:Malampuzha 11469:Chelakkara 11429:Varappuzha 11399:Puthencruz 11394:Kolenchery 11343:Manjeshwar 11333:Mangalpady 11268:Cherukunnu 11228:Meenangadi 11168:Kodencheri 11050:Valanchery 11025:Thodupuzha 11020:Thiruvalla 11010:Thalassery 10910:Nedumangad 10880:Malappuram 10830:Kayamkulam 10825:Kattappana 10765:Chengannur 10614:Thodupuzha 10604:Thiruvalla 10594:Thalassery 10589:Thalapilly 10509:Nedumangad 10484:Mannarkkad 10469:Mallapally 10359:Kanayannur 10314:Chengannur 10184:Government 9809:Waterfalls 9715:Vijayawada 9685:Srikakulam 9570:Bhimavaram 9537:Vijayawada 9529:Metropolis 9489:Srikakulam 9399:Anakapalli 9197:Government 8765:0333729765 7639:8120605535 7176:Desai 2005 7095:Kumar 1965 7071:Price 1837 6727:Craik 2007 6162:Kumar 2003 6150:Kumar 2003 6135:Sinha 2005 6039:6 November 5706:Gough 2008 5479:Ahmed 2011 4920:Smith 1976 4896:Pirie 1883 4715:Kumar 1965 4658:Walch 1976 3907:Kulke 2004 3647:References 3515:Namboodiri 3391:, tennis, 3338:sambandham 3302:agraharams 3197:Kumbakonam 3074:Ootacamund 2987:palanquins 2951:Vysya Bank 2927:Nadar Bank 2895:Ootacamund 2784:Coimbatore 2741:Georgetown 2636:Mettur Dam 2628:Coimbatore 2572:niger seed 2403:Namboodiri 2399:Travancore 2358:among the 2346:among the 2328:See also: 2316:Statue of 2180:Travancore 2118:Coimbatore 2078:See also: 1987:St. Thomas 1976:conquered 1895:Muhammadan 1819:See also: 1792:38,199,162 1781:35,630,440 1770:31,170,631 1759:31,597,872 1729:See also: 1719:Ootacamund 1679:Malkangiri 1647:Tamil Nadu 1639:Chola Nadu 1635:Kongu Nadu 1504:Travancore 1492:Viduthalai 1430:Swarajists 1259:See also: 1196:, and the 1169:See also: 1159:Shivaji II 1080:See also: 1001:Triplicane 782:Elihu Yale 735:Travancore 696:Tamil Nadu 334:49,341,810 323:Population 18567:Velachery 18542:Urapakkam 18537:Ullagaram 18532:Tirusulam 18492:Tharamani 18437:Sembakkam 18387:Perungudi 18252:Muttukadu 18232:Melkalvoy 18052:Erumaiyur 18032:Chromepet 17951:Teynampet 17876:Park Town 17841:MRC Nagar 17700:Vengathur 17690:Vellavedu 17675:Vanagaram 17630:Thandurai 17625:Thandalam 17575:Ramavaram 17570:Ramapuram 17395:Mogappair 17390:MGR Nagar 17340:Koyambedu 17310:Koduvalli 17205:Ayapakkam 17185:Arakkonam 17175:Aranvoyal 17089:VOC Nagar 17009:Vadagarai 16949:Thatchoor 16929:Sowcarpet 16894:Selavayal 16864:Royapuram 16854:Red Hills 16834:Puduvoyal 16764:Panchetti 16729:Napalayam 16564:Katupalli 16549:Karanodai 16529:Kalakkral 16524:Kaladipet 16464:Elandanur 16394:Athipattu 16064:Hospitals 15892:Arts and 15674:Education 15467:Badminton 15195:Roads and 15049:Transport 14720:Alsa Mall 14692:Kishkinta 14585:Cinépolis 14458:Kollywood 14351:The Hindu 14346:Sun Group 14266:EID Parry 14182:Velachery 14130:districts 14128:Business 14027:Velachery 13967:Royapuram 13815:Arakkonam 13777:Walajabad 13714:Tiruttani 13646:Velachery 13554:Districts 13483:Memorials 13360:monuments 13358:Heritage 13149:Long Tank 13059:Waterways 13013:Geography 12985:V. Sriram 12868:Governors 12655:Festivals 12650:Education 12509:Sambalpur 12484:Kendujhar 12454:Dhenkanal 12444:Berhampur 12352:Kandhamal 12347:Kalahandi 12245:Sambalpur 12240:Kendujhar 12230:Dhenkanal 12189:Districts 12141:Geography 12018:Elections 11986:Governors 11884:Capital: 11590:Kunnathur 11535:Kattakada 11525:Parassala 11509:Thrithala 11464:Pavaratty 11454:Puthukkad 11384:Devikulam 11248:Dharmadom 11233:Panamaram 11183:Nadapuram 11173:Balussery 11103:Kottakkal 10935:Ottapalam 10870:Koyilandy 10855:Kottakkal 10820:Kasaragod 10810:Kanhangad 10785:Guruvayur 10770:Cherthala 10760:Chavakkad 10750:Chalakudy 10730:Alappuzha 10682:Kozhikode 10529:Ottapalam 10494:Meenachil 10459:Kunnathur 10444:Kozhikode 10434:Koyilandy 10389:Kattakada 10384:Kasaragod 10334:Devikulam 10319:Cherthala 10309:Chavakkad 10299:Chalakudy 10253:Jackfruit 10159:Geography 10149:Education 10038:Districts 9735:Transport 9695:Tadipatri 9675:Proddatur 9670:Palakollu 9565:Anantapur 9409:Annamayya 9404:Anantapur 9386:Districts 9308:Blackbuck 9292:Kuchipudi 9257:Transport 9232:Education 9192:Geography 9170:Amaravati 9167:Capital: 8906:Provinces 8653:. Brill. 7395:The Hindu 7357:The Hindu 7318:The Hindu 7281:The Hindu 7188:Deol 2000 7138:The Hindu 7107:P.V. 1981 7097:pp. 52–53 6921:Böck 2000 6831:Seal 1971 6658:The Hindu 6461:cite news 6348:Mill 1996 6281:The Hindu 6248:W.S. 1973 6191:The Hindu 5539:Thangaraj 5481:pp. 392–4 4976:Frontline 4937:Frontline 4614:W.B. 2005 4557:Sify News 4516:, pp. 3–8 4514:W.B. 2005 4393:cite news 4377:The Hindu 4193:The Hindu 4175:Dutt 1999 4105:S.A. 1969 3979:Dodd 1859 3967:Read 1997 3683:The Hindu 3652:Citations 3472:Karaikudi 3426:The Hindu 3224:in 1856. 3152:Education 3118:Tata Sons 3076:in 1899. 3042:Royapuram 3031:, c. 1913 2899:Tuticorin 2847:EID Parry 2780:Mangalore 2758:alizarine 2690:, c. 1914 2688:Samalkota 2678:, c. 1913 2676:Handlooms 2657:Tuticorin 2556:jackfruit 2554:, banana 2426:zamindari 2388:mirasidar 2380:mirasidar 2376:Ekabhogam 2348:Vellalars 2262:Mauritius 2044:Tirupathi 2016:Yerukalas 1995:Tinnevely 1885:, c. 1909 1879:Gurukulam 1843:Malayalam 1815:Languages 1800:Sources: 1711:Telangana 1699:Karnataka 1593:Geography 1452:Zamindars 1319:The Hindu 1155:Thanjavur 1138:of 1857. 888:Tulu Nadu 865:Kalabhras 854:Stone Age 712:Telangana 704:Karnataka 613:1721–1949 603:1824–1948 593:1858–1947 583:1797–1813 573:1757–1858 563:1600–1757 530:1628–1633 520:1434–1833 487:1668–1954 477:1620–1869 467:1605–1825 457:1731–1813 447:1778–1785 56:1652–1950 48:1935–1950 40:1684–1935 18603:Category 18557:Vandalur 18477:Tambaram 18457:Siruseri 18432:Selaiyur 18342:Panaiyur 18312:Padappai 18302:Oragadam 18247:Mudichur 18112:Kanathur 18077:Devaneri 17941:Santhome 17931:Saidapet 17891:Periamet 17886:Pattalam 17851:Nandanam 17846:Mylapore 17836:Mambalam 17741:Broadway 17736:Alwarpet 17685:Vellanur 17590:Sevvapet 17470:Oragadam 17460:Nolambur 17330:Korattur 17275:Kakkalur 17135:Ambattur 17024:Vaikkadu 16994:Tollgate 16924:Sirunium 16779:Perambur 16624:Kosappur 16609:Kolathur 16579:Kasimedu 16479:Ernavoor 16379:Ariyalur 16349:Alamathi 16185:The Park 16010:missions 15956:Research 15525:Football 15169:Tambaram 15152:Stations 15115:Railways 14968:Churches 14824:Religion 14697:Mayajaal 14656:Techofes 14496:Covelong 14463:Madrassi 14407:Software 14385:Industry 13992:Tambaram 13972:Saidapet 13962:RK Nagar 13947:Perambur 13937:Mylapore 13922:Kolathur 13887:Ambattur 13874:Assembly 13752:Tambaram 13674:Ambattur 13631:Perambur 13626:Mylapore 13621:Mambalam 13234:Veeranam 13139:ICF Lake 13017:wildlife 12660:Language 12504:Rourkela 12494:Paradeep 12424:Baripada 12409:Balasore 12404:Balangir 12377:Rayagada 12337:Gajapati 12325:Southern 12311:Nayagarh 12271:Balasore 12225:Debagarh 12215:Balangir 12203:Northern 12195:division 12023:Politics 11735:Uzhavoor 11665:Parumala 11650:Kulanada 11645:Aranmula 11640:Kumbanad 11610:Thenmala 11600:Kadakkal 11560:Kottiyam 11459:Manaloor 11449:Kodakara 11374:Rajakkad 11359:Peermade 11263:Azhikode 11243:Peravoor 11238:Pulpally 11203:Chundale 11188:Kuttiady 11178:Perambra 11148:Olavanna 11128:Areekode 11093:Thavanur 11055:Vatakara 10995:Shoranur 10970:Payyanur 10945:Palakkad 10920:Nilambur 10895:Mattanur 10865:Kottayam 10840:Kondotty 10805:Kalpetta 10745:Attingal 10740:Angamaly 10697:Thrissur 10649:Vatakara 10619:Thrissur 10554:Peermade 10549:Payyanur 10544:Pattambi 10534:Palakkad 10519:Nilambur 10464:Kuttanad 10429:Kottayam 10409:Kondotty 10245:Karimeen 10179:Wildlife 9902:Bahmanis 9799:Churches 9756:Seaports 9751:Roadways 9747:Railways 9743:Airports 9705:Tirupati 9625:Kakinada 9615:Hindupur 9605:Guntakal 9600:Gudivada 9580:Chittoor 9499:Tirupati 9479:Prakasam 9444:Kakinada 9419:Chittoor 9280:Language 9227:Politics 9202:Language 8588:(2004). 8317:. SAGE. 8298:. SAGE. 8226:(2004). 8189:80905179 8141:(2000). 8119:(2008). 8078:(1999). 7774:(1929). 7680:(1915). 7666:(1921). 7598:(1909). 7583:(1913). 7536:(1918). 7519:(1893). 7506:Railways 7446:, p. 233 7434:, p. 174 7422:, p. 345 7262:, p. 164 7214:, p. 173 7164:Roy 2002 7085:, p. 231 7073:, p. 154 6923:, p. 177 6911:, p. 472 6869:, p. 361 6845:, p. 345 6833:, p. 103 6795:, p. 343 6771:, p. 241 6756:, p. 240 6744:, p. 239 6729:, p. 260 6632:, p. 339 6617:, p. 338 6600:, p. 383 6573:, p. 207 6528:, p. 127 6485:, p. 304 6417:, p. 322 6402:, p. 301 6390:, p. 321 6365:, p. 303 6350:, p. 134 6333:, p. 323 6312:, p. 185 6286:Archived 6238:, p. 498 6236:Eur 2002 6122:, p. 339 6110:, p. 338 6098:, p. 410 6083:, p. 263 6071:, p. 262 6059:, p. 261 6018:, p. 264 6006:, p. 222 5994:, p. 223 5982:, p. 220 5970:, p. 219 5955:, p. 216 5940:, p. 214 5925:, p. 213 5910:, p. 212 5898:, p. 211 5881:, p. 210 5869:, p. 208 5854:, p. 298 5815:, p. 354 5803:, p. 297 5786:, p. 175 5755:, p. 206 5740:, p. 205 5723:, p. 203 5708:, p. 130 5696:, p. 278 5684:, p. 274 5665:, p. 200 5650:, p. 199 5635:, p. 197 5623:, p. 196 5611:, p. 195 5596:, p. 194 5584:, p. 276 5565:, p. 193 5529:, p. 155 5517:, p. 154 5491:Rai 2011 5306:, p. 126 5294:, p. 123 5198:, p. 198 5186:, p. 232 5150:, p. 183 5046:, p. 182 5029:, p. 181 4898:, p. 110 4886:, p. 137 4874:, p. 110 4862:, p. 337 4850:, p. 141 4838:, p. 174 4821:, p. 260 4785:, p. 121 4768:, p. 120 4753:, p. 137 4729:, p. 327 4702:Archived 4616:, p. 109 4545:, p. 149 4533:, p. 116 4504:, p. 199 4489:, p. 197 4477:, p. 196 4465:, p. 190 4453:, p. 182 4441:, p. 180 4429:, p. 179 4417:, p. 168 4351:Archived 4140:Archived 4122:, p. 223 4077:, p. 418 4017:, p. 221 3993:, p. 250 3981:, p. 288 3957:, p. 255 3933:, p. 254 3921:, p. 252 3909:, p. 245 3897:, p. 251 3866:, p. 282 3854:, p. 281 3818:, p. 206 3804:Roy 2012 3667:, p. 535 3595:See also 3436:The Mail 3393:football 3361:devadasi 3322:Paraiyar 3289:system. 3256:Brahmins 3222:Saidapet 3108:piloted 3058:Mandapam 2961:and the 2750:cheroots 2589:ryotwari 2479:ryotwari 2467:peshkash 2420:zamindar 2360:Brahmins 2354:swastium 2342:kaniachi 2272:and the 2264:(1810), 2068:Devadasi 2018:and the 1968:and the 1938:Ahobilam 1934:Sringeri 1918:Lingayat 1866:Religion 1685:and the 1667:Rayagada 1663:Gajapati 1488:Hinduism 1484:Brahmins 1328:and the 1247:and the 1239:and the 1130:and the 1092:Polygars 1033:and the 1031:Golkonda 1025:and the 1023:Marathas 953:Golconda 931:Jahangir 881:polygars 794:Calcutta 757:(modern 127:Governor 18645:80°16′E 18642:13°05′N 18547:Uthandi 18487:Thaiyur 18407:Potheri 18357:Payanur 18347:Paranur 18292:Okkiyam 18272:Navalur 18172:Kovalam 18127:Karanai 18087:Illalur 18042:Egattur 18012:Alandur 17946:T Nagar 17901:Pudupet 17831:Mannady 17811:Kosapet 17801:Kilpauk 17771:Choolai 17761:Chetput 17756:Chepauk 17729:Central 17615:Surapet 17580:Sekkadu 17465:Noombal 17270:Kadavur 17230:Egattur 17210:Ayathur 17165:Annanur 17145:Athipet 17094:Voyalur 17059:Vichoor 16939:Surapet 16904:Sembium 16859:Retteri 16814:Ponneri 16749:Orakadu 16659:Madiyur 16489:Gnayiru 15894:science 15855:Medical 15546:Kabaddi 15483:Cricket 14836:Temples 14651:Saarang 14578:Cinemas 14488:Beaches 14441:General 14117:Economy 14082:Sheriff 13987:T.Nagar 13952:Ponneri 13917:Harbour 13907:Chepauk 13882:Alandur 13797:Cheyyur 13737:Alandur 13689:Ponneri 13457:Statues 13253:Islands 13214:Retteri 13028:Regions 12773:History 12760:Chennai 12702:Tourism 12680:Grammar 12645:Economy 12635:Culture 12630:Cuisine 12567:Khandua 12514:Talcher 12489:Khordha 12469:Jeypore 12449:Cuttack 12429:Bhadrak 12419:Bargarh 12372:Nuapada 12357:Koraput 12301:Khordha 12281:Cuttack 12276:Bhadrak 12264:Central 12220:Bargarh 12154:Forests 12046:Kalinga 12038:History 11777:Malabar 11772:Zamorin 11720:Pampady 11710:Vazhoor 11700:Erumely 11655:Omallur 11580:Oachira 11575:Chavara 11565:Kundara 11484:Nemmara 11479:Alathur 11389:Adimali 11352:Central 11323:Karadka 11318:Parappa 11288:Alakode 11283:Irikkur 11208:Meppadi 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