1407:: "I withdrew somewhat relieved for I had been anticipating a misdirected blow or even a bullet from the angered mob to take vengeance on the culprit. It was some time before the bulk of the people realized what had happened to the side and behind them. Rumors ran rampant. One was to the effect that all shots had gone astray, another that Ava had shielded Gandhi and had herself received mortal wounds, and still another that the Mahatma while wounded was not seriously so. These were the reports that spread through the assemblage as the fatally injured Gandhi was quickly borne to his quarters. There was a reluctance to believe that the worst had really occurred, yet there was a tenseness in the air as groups related to one another their respective accounts of the assassination and made their guesses as to the communal background of the assailant. It was more than a half hour before any statement reached those outside and then it was only the terse statement in English by one of the ashram as he emerged through the porch door—"Gandhiji is finished'. The simple prayer ceremony which was to have been conducted that afternoon with its recitations from the Bhagavada Gita, the Koran, and Christian hymns never took place." Herbert Reiner Jr. in
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1371:, who was an eyewitness to the shooting, wrote in his front-page story the next day:"A crowd of about 500, according to witnesses, was stunned. There was no outcry or excitement for a second or two. Then the onlookers began to push the assassin more as if in bewilderment than in anger. The assassin was seized by Tom Reiner of Lancaster, Mass., a vice consul attached to the American Embassy and a recent arrival in India. He was attending Mr. Gandhi's prayer meeting out of curiosity, as most visitors to New Delhi do at least once. Mr. Reiner grasped the assailant by the shoulders and shoved him toward several police guards. Only then did the crowd begin to grasp what had happened and a forest of fists belabored the assassin as he was dragged toward the pergola where Mr. Gandhi was to have prayed. He left a trail of blood.".
554:
that moment. But no sooner had Gandhi reached the top of the steps than another man, a stocky Indian man, in his 30s and dressed in khaki clothes, stepped out from the crowd and into Gandhi's path. He soon fired several shots up close, at once felling Gandhi. A BBC correspondent, Robert
Stimson, described what happened next in a radio report filed that night: "For a few seconds, no one could believe what had happened; everyone seemed dazed and numb. And then a young American who had come for prayers rushed forward and seized the shoulders of the man in the khaki coat. That broke the spell. ... Half a dozen people stooped to lift Gandhi. Others hurled themselves upon the attacker. ... He was overpowered and taken away." Others, as well, described how the crowd seemed paralyzed until Reiner's action.
642:, before firing the shots Godse "bowed down to Gandhi to show his respect for the services the Mahatma had rendered the country; he made no attempt to run away and himself shouted for the police". According to Pramod Das, Godse after firing the shots raised his hand with the gun, surrendered and called for the police. According to George Fetherling, Godse did not try to flee, he "stood silently waiting to be arrested but was not approached at first because he was still armed; at last a member of the Indian air force grabbed him by the wrist, and Godse released his weapon". Police, states Fetherling, then "quickly surrounded Godse to prevent the crowd from lynching him". According to Matt Doeden and others, "Godse did not flee the scene, and he voluntarily surrendered himself to the police".
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away; the crowd melted, perhaps urged to do so by the police; I saw none of this." Stimson filed a BBC report, then he and Sheean walked up and down the flower bed for a while. Sheean reported that he later met a "young
American from the Embassy" who had never been to a prayer meeting before. Sheean did not take in anything the young American said about the scene, but a week later learned that "it was this young man who had captured the assassin, held him for the Indian police" and after turning the assassin over, it was this young American who searched the crowd for a doctor. He experienced a tribal pride, states Sheean, that even though he was paralyzed and helpless on the day of Gandhi's assassination, "one of his breed had been useful".
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sticks. A stout young man in khaki dress, wrote
Manuben, pushed his way through the crowd bent over and with his hands folded. Manuben thought that the man wanted to touch Gandhi's feet. She pushed the man aside saying, "Bapu is already ten minutes late, why do you embarrass him". Godse pushed her aside so forcibly that she lost her balance, and the rosary, notebook, and Gandhi's spittoon she was carrying fell out of her hands. She recalled that as she bent to the ground to pick up the items, she heard four shots, resounding booms, and she saw smoke everywhere. Gandhi's hands were folded, saying, "Hey Ram...! Hey Ram...!". Abhaben, wrote Manuben, had also fallen down and she saw the assassinated Gandhi in Abhaben's lap.
1351:: "As he got to the top of the steps and approached the crowd, he took his arms from the shoulders of his friends and raised his hands in salutation. He was still smiling. A thick-set man, in his 30s I should say and dressed in khaki, was in the forefront of the crowd. He moved a step toward Mr. Gandhi, took out a revolver and fired several shots at almost point-blank range. It did not sound like a revolver but like a Chinese cracker a child might have let off. Mr. Gandhi fell. For a few seconds no one could believe what had happened; every one seemed dazed and numb, and then a young American who had come for prayers rushed forward and seized the shoulders of the man in the khaki coat. That broke the spell.".
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546:, on January 30, 1948, Reiner had reached Birla House after work, arriving fifteen minutes before the scheduled start of the prayer meeting at 5 p.m., and finding himself in a relatively small crowd. Although there were some armed guards present, Reiner felt that the security measures were inadequate, especially in view of an attempted bomb explosion at the same location ten days before. By the time Gandhi and his small party reached the garden area a few minutes after five, the crowd had swelled to several hundred, which Reiner described as comprising "schoolboys, girls, sweepers, members of the armed services, businessmen, sadhus, holy men, and even vendors displaying pictures of 'Bapu
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the status and infirmities of the ordinary man. When he was in South Africa as a young man and opposed the treatment of his fellow-countrymen in that land, he courted for himself the humiliation of the humblest Indian that he might in his own person face the punishment meted out for disobedience. When he called for non-cooperation with the
British in India he himself disobeyed the law and insisted that he must be among the first to go to prison. ... He never claimed to be any other than an ordinary man. He acknowledged his liability to error and admitted that he had frequently-learnt by his mistakes. He was the universal brother, lover and friend of poor, weak, erring, suffering humanity.
1149:, to join the Congress and to build the new nation. He had warned the Hindu nationalists that they were not the only defenders of Hinduism, which was more tolerant than the variety whose ideals they upheld; he had also cautioned his colleagues in the Congress, that members of these Hindu nationalist organizations were not criminals but misguided patriots, who might prove hard to root out. Nehru argued against this viewpoint, emphasizing that the RSS has a history of easily succumbing to violent solutions, and needed to be punished and dissolved. With Gandhi's assassination, Patel's approach took the back seat.
733:(non-violence) were directed at and accepted by the Hindu community only. Godse said, "I sat brooding intensely on the atrocities perpetrated on Hinduism and its dark and deadly future if left to face Islam (Pakistan) outside and Gandhi inside, and... I decided all of a sudden to take the extreme step against Gandhi. I did not hate Gandhi, I revered him because we both venerated much in Hindu religion, Hindu history and Hindu culture, we both were against superstitious aspects and the wrongs in Hinduism. Therefore, I bowed before Gandhi when I met him, said Godse, then performed my moral duty and killed Gandhi."
715:, and the Indian government's subsequent policy reversal, was proof that the Indian government reversed its decision to suit the feelings of Gandhi for appeasement of Pakistan. To Godse, India was not being run by the force of public opinion, but by Gandhi's whims. Godse added that he admired Gandhi for his lofty character, ceaseless work and asceticism, and Gandhi's formidable character meant that his influence outside of the due process would continue while he was alive. Gandhi had to be removed from the political stage, so that India can begin looking after its own interests as a nation, according to Godse.
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According to Sheean, Gandhi walked across the grass in their direction, leaning lightly "on two of the girls", and two or three others following them. Gandhi wrapped in a homespun shawl passed them by, states Sheean's eyewitness account, and climbed up four or five steps to the prayer ground. As usual, according to Sheean, "there was a clump of people, some of whom were standing and some of whom had gone on their knees or bent low before him. Bob and I turned to watch-we were perhaps ten feet away from the steps-but the clump of people cut off our view of the
Mahatma now: he was so small".
592:, Reiner was the "unsung hero" and had he not acted "Godse would probably have shot his way out". Reiner was standing in the front row, states Pramod Kapoor, and he seized and held Godse until the police arrived, but his name only appeared in some American newspapers. According to Bamzai and Damle, during the assassination trial, the government did not call to the stand American marine Herbert "Tom" Reiner who caught Godse or the nephew of then Congress minister Takthmal Jain of Madhya Bharat ministry (1948), as well as many others.
2485:, p. Quote; "In the melee, no one had really noticed the man who had fired the fatal shots. One man who did was Herbert 'Tom' Reiner Jr, a diplomat who had just joined the US Foreign Service. ... He was standing in the front row when Godse brushed past him and fired the fatal shots. Reiner immediately seized Godse and held him till the police arrived. ... Most newspaper and wire reports on the assassination merely referred to 'an American diplomat' and Reiner's name only appeared in some American newspapers at the time.".
1417:: "Mr. Gandhi was picked up by attendants and carried rapidly back to the unpretentious bedroom where he had passed most of his working and sleeping hours. As he was taken through the door Hindu onlookers who could see him began to wail and beat their breasts. Less than half an hour later a member of Mr. Gandhi's entourage came out of the room and said to those about the door: "Bapu (father) is finished." But it was not until Mr. Gandhi's death was announced by All India Radio, at 6 P. M. that the words spread widely."
1389:: In the melee, no one had really noticed the man who had fired the fatal shots. One man who did was Herbert 'Tom' Reiner Jr, a diplomat who had just joined the US Foreign Service. ... He was standing in the front row when Godse brushed past him and fired the fatal shots. Reiner immediately seized Godse and held him till the police arrived. ... Most newspaper and wire reports on the assassination merely referred to 'an American diplomat' and Reiner's name only appeared in some American newspapers at the time.";
1332:: "Mr. Gandhi was picked up by attendants and carried rapidly back to the unpretentious bedroom where he had passed most of his working and sleeping hours. As he was taken through the door Hindu onlookers who could see him began to wail and beat their breasts. Less than half an hour later a member of Mr. Gandhi's entourage came out of the room and said to those about the door: "Bapu (father) is finished." But it was not until Mr. Gandhi's death was announced by All India Radio, at 6
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those who are striving for supreme justice to his belief. With his belief in his heart and mind, he has led a great nation on to its liberation. He has demonstrated that a powerful human following can be assembled not only through the cunning game of the usual political manoeuvres and trickery but through the cogent example of a morally superior conduct of life. The admiration for
Mahatma Gandhi in all countries of the world rests on that recognition.
53:
1361:, the authors, N. H. Pronko and J. W. Bowles introduce Robert Stimson's BBC report about Reiner as a case study, and make the observation: "The preoccupation of the audience with Gandhi's attire and actions as he entered the garden, the disrupting stimulus of Gandhi being shot, the no-response period, the new stimulus in the form of the American, and the frenzied reaction of the crowd combine to trace the sequence in a typical emotional reaction.
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to me that I was taking part in some kind of melodrama or a scene out of a
Hollywood feature film. ... the audience most certainly thought Godse's performance was the only worth-while part of the lengthy proceedings ... I have no doubt that had the audience of that day been constituted into a jury and entrusted with the task of deciding Godse's appeal, they would have brought in a verdict of 'not guilty' by an overwhelming majority
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2473:, p. Quote: "The unsung hero of the day, however, who wishes to remain anonymous, is an official of the American Embassy at Delhi, who is the first to realise what has happened, and leaps forward and grips the assassin by the arm. If this young American had not done what he did, Nathuram Godse would probably have shot his way out for he still had four unspent bullets in his pistol"..
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responsible for the assassination, witnesses saw only him kill Gandhi, that all co-accused were innocent and should be released. According to
Markovitz, Godse's declarations and expressed motivations during the appeal have been analyzed in contrasting ways. For example, "while Robert Payne, in his detailed account of the trial, dwells on the irrational nature of his statement,
1383:: "The unsung hero of the day, however, who wishes to remain anonymous, is an official of the American Embassy at Delhi, who is the first to realize what has happened, and leaps forward and grips the assassin by the arm. If this young American had not done what he did, Nathuram Godse would probably have shot his way out for he still had four unspent bullets in his pistol".
1377:: ...the court had authority under Code 540 of the 1898 law to examine Kasar/Damle, which was not done. The government also did not call American Marine Herbert "Tom" Reiner who caught Godse, or the nephew of then Congress Minister Takthmal Jain of Madhya Bharat ministry (1948), who claimed to have heard four shots, or the person who sold the pistol to Godse at Gwalior."
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sorrow, and sincerely sympathize with the great Hindu community and his family in their bereavement at this momentous, historical and critical juncture so soon after the birth of freedom for
Hindustan and Pakistan. The loss of dominion of India is irreparable, and it will be very difficult to fill the vacuum created by the passing way of such a great man at this moment.
351:. Godse joined a protest march in 1938 in Hyderabad, He was arrested for political crimes and served a prison sentence. Once he was out of prison, Godse continued his civil disobedience and worked as a journalist reporting the sufferings of Hindu refugees escaping from Pakistan, and during the various religious riots that erupted in the 1940s.
1367:: "Immediately, there was chaos. As Gandhi was cradled by his devotees and carried back to the house, the assassin was seized and pummeled by thirty-two-year-old diplomatic officer Herbert Reiner of Springdale, Connecticut. A doctor was found within minutes, but he was of no use. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was dead." Robert Trumbull of
612:, a British newspaper, described Gandhi as walking from the "Birla House to the lawn where his evening prayer meetings were held". Gandhi was a bit late for the prayer, leaning on the shoulders of two grand-nieces. On his way, he was approached by a man dressed in a khaki bush jacket and blue trousers. According to one version, stated
466:. After lunch, states Manuben, Gandhi napped. After waking up, he had a meeting with Sardar Dada. Two Kathiawar leaders wanted to meet him, and when Manuben informed Gandhi that they wanted to meet him, Gandhi replied, "Tell them that, if I remain alive, they can talk to me after the prayer on my walk".
2208:
On Jan. 30, 1948, he went to a prayer meeting to catch a glimpse of Gandhi. It was to be Gandhi's last meeting. Nathuram Godse, a Hindu nationalist enraged by Gandhi's overtures to
Muslims, brushed past his aide and fired three shots at the great moral leader. Reiner seized him and swung him into the
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He died as the victim of his own principles, the principle of non-violence. He died because in time of disorder and general irritation in his country, he refused armed protection for himself. It was his unshakable belief that the use of force is an evil in itself, that therefore it must be avoided by
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I thought to myself and foresaw I shall be totally ruined, and the only thing I could expect from the people would be nothing but hatred ... if I were to kill Gandhiji. But at the same time I felt that the Indian politics in the absence of Gandhiji would surely be proved practical, able to retaliate,
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report, which did not mention Herbert Reiner Jr, Godse "fired a fourth shot, apparently in an effort to kill himself, but a Royal Indian Air Force sergeant standing alongside jolted his arm and wrenched the pistol away. The sergeant wanted to shoot the man but was stopped by the police. An infuriated
579:
Godse stood nearly motionless with a small Beretta dangling in his right hand and to my knowledge made no attempt to escape or to take his own fire. ... Moving toward Godse I extended my right arm in an attempt to seize his gun but in doing so grasped his right shoulder in a manner that spun him into
574:
Reiner too had noticed a man in khaki step into the path leading to the dais, but his further view was occluded by a party of associates following Gandhi. He soon heard sounds, though, which in his words were "not loud, not ringing, and not unlike the reports of damp firecrackers ..." and which for
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had asked if as a counterpoint to Pakistan's founding as a state for Muslims, India should not be publicly identified as a state for Hindus. But after Gandhi's assassination, the implication of the Hindu Right in it, and the revulsion felt by many for Hindu extremism as a result, secular values were
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It is Gandhi the saint who will be remembered, not only on the plains and in the hills of India, but all over the world. He strove for perfection as other men strive for power and possessions. He pitied those to whom wrong was done: the East Indian laborers in South Africa, the untouchable 'Children
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and nonviolence had already caused India to cede Pakistan to Muslims, uprooted millions of people from their home, caused immense violent loss of life and broken families. He believed that if Gandhi was not checked he would bring destruction and more massacres to Hindus. In Godse's opinion, the only
600:
According to some reports, Godse surrendered voluntarily and asked for the police. Yet other reports state he was rushed by the crowd, beaten, arrested, and taken to jail. According to some eyewitnesses and court proceedings, Nathuram Godse was seized immediately by witnesses and an Indian Air Force
481:
p.m. and blood was everywhere on their white clothes. Manuben estimated that it took about ten minutes to carry Gandhi back into the house, and no doctor was available in the meanwhile. They only had a first aid box, but there was no medicine in it for treating Gandhi's wounds. According to Manuben:
254:
Sometime after 5 PM, according to witnesses, Gandhi had reached the top of the steps leading to the raised lawn behind Birla House where he had been conducting multi-faith prayer meetings every evening. As Gandhi began to walk toward the dais, Godse stepped out from the crowd flanking Gandhi's path,
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The audience was visibly and audibly moved. There was a deep silence when he ceased speaking. Many women were in tears and men were coughing and searching for their handkerchiefs. The silence was accentuated and made deeper by the sound of a occasional subdued sniff or a muffled cough. It seemed
553:
As Gandhi was walking briskly up the steps leading to the lawn, an unidentified man in the crowd spoke up, somewhat insolently in Reiner's recollection, "Gandhiji, you are late". Gandhi slowed down his pace, turned toward the man, and gave him an annoyed look, passing directly in front of Reiner at
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What was the secret of his power over the hearts and minds of men and women? In my opinion it was the fact that he voluntarily stripped himself of every vestige of the privilege that he could have enjoyed on account of his birth, means, personality and intellectual pre-eminence and took on himself
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It can be said that no one contributed more to the particular way in which the charter of British rule in India has ended than Mahatma Gandhi himself. His death comes at the close of a great chapter in world history. In the mind of India, at least, he will always be identified with the opening of
1002:
Friends and comrades, the light has gone out of our lives, and there is darkness everywhere, and I do not quite know what to tell you or how to say it. Our beloved leader, Bapu as we called him, the father of the nation, is no more. Perhaps I am wrong to say that; nevertheless, we will not see him
966:
Godse ... tried to use the courtroom as a political forum by reading a long declaration in which he tried to justify his crime. He accused Gandhi of complacency towards Muslims, blamed him for the sufferings of Partition and generally criticized his subjectivism and pretension to a monopoly of the
634:
Then, states Sheean, he heard "four, dull, dark explosions". Sheean asked Stimson, "what's that?" Stimson replied, "I don't know". It was a confusing place, people were weeping and many things happening, wrote Sheean. "A doctor was found, the police took charge; the body of the Mahatma was carried
569:
The assassin was seized by Tom Reiner of Lancaster, Mass., a vice consul attached to the American Embassy and a recent arrival in India. ... Mr. Reiner grasped the assailant by the shoulders and shoved him toward several police guards. Only then did the crowd begin to grasp what had happened and a
469:
According to Manuben's memoir, the meeting between Vallabhbhai Patel and Gandhi went past the scheduled time and Gandhi was about ten minutes late to the prayer meeting. He began his walk to the prayer location by walking with Manuben to his right and Abha to his left, holding onto them as walking
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between him (Nehru), who represented the idealism and left-wing tendencies of the party, and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, the realist and party boss from Gujarat who leaned to authoritarianism, orthodoxy, and big business." But Gandhi's assassination had affected Patel as deeply as it did Nehru, and
1144:
ended with the shock of Gandhi's assassination. The RSS, the Hindu paramilitary volunteer organisation, whose activities had been hidden from public view, and whose member Nathuram Godse had once been, was banned on 4 February 1948. The ban lasted one year. A few weeks before, Vallabhai Patel had
762:
The assassination was investigated, and many additional people were arrested, charged and tried in a lower court. The case and its appeal attracted considerable media attention, but Godse's statement in his defense to the court was banned immediately by the Indian government. Those convicted were
847:
Digambar Badge was alleged to be one of the conspirators and an active participant in the murder plan. After his arrest, he made a statement admitting his own guilt and incriminating his accomplices. He expressed his willingness to appear before a magistrate and repeat his statement; so, he was
1040:
Everyone will have learnt with profound horror of the brutal murder of Mr Gandhi and I know that I am expressing the views of the British people in offering to his fellow-countrymen our deep sympathy in the loss of their greatest citizen. Mahatma Gandhi, as he was known in India, was one of the
864:
February 1949. The prosecution called 149 witnesses, the defense none. The court found all of the defendants except one guilty as charged. Eight men were convicted for the murder conspiracy, and others convicted for violation of the Explosive Substances Act. Savarkar was acquitted and set free.
663:
During the subsequent trial, and in various witness accounts and books written since, the motivation of Godse has been summarized, speculated about and debated. Godse did not deny killing Gandhi, and made a long statement explaining his motivations for the assassination of Gandhi. Some of these
413:
and his colleagues followed Gandhi to a park where he was speaking. One of them threw a grenade away from the crowd. The loud explosion scared the crowd, creating a chaotic stampede of people. Gandhi was left alone on the speakers' platform. The original assassination plan was to throw a second
1014:
I am shocked to learn of the most dastardly attack on the life of Mr. Gandhi, resulting in his death. Whatever our political differences, he was one of the greatest men produced by the Hindu community, and a leader who commanded their universal confidence and respect. I wish to express my deep
971:
Godse later appealed the death sentence verdict in the Appeals Court in Simla, then in Punjab. He made a plea of poverty and requested that he be allowed to appear and defend himself in person. As the request was allowed, Godse became the only accused to appear in person at the appeal. G.D.
550:". At first, Reiner had been at some distance from the path leading to the dais, but he moved forward, explaining later, "An impulse to see more, and at a closer range, of this Indian leader impelled me to move away from the group in which I had been standing to the edge of the terrace steps".
1185:
Although Nathuram Godse's inspiration came from Savarkar rather than Golwalkar, the RSS was banned and 20,000 swayamsevaks were arrested during the next few months, while the Hindu Mahasabha remained legal but effectively stigmatized, especially in Maharashtra. The Chitpavan brahmins (Godse's
2452:
887:
Of those found guilty, all except Godse appealed their conviction and sentence. Godse accepted his death sentence, but appealed the lower court ruling that found him guilty of conspiracy. Godse argued, in his limited appeal to the High Court, that there was no conspiracy, he alone was solely
630:
was another eyewitness and an American reporter who had covered World War II events. He went to India in 1947 and became a disciple of Gandhi. He was with the BBC reporter Bob Stimson in Birla House premises when Gandhi was assassinated. They stood next to each other by the corner of a wall.
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argued that Gandhi's death and funeral helped consolidate the authority of the new Indian state under Nehru and Patel. The Congress tightly controlled the epic public displays of grief over a two-week period—the funeral, mortuary rituals and distribution of the martyr's ashes with millions
414:
grenade, after the crowds had run away, at the isolated Gandhi. But the alleged accomplice Digambar Badge lost his courage, did not throw the second grenade and ran away with the crowd. All of the assassination plotters ran away, except Madanlal Pahwa who was a Punjabi refugee of the
1027:
Gandhi was one of the great men of my time and my acquaintance with him over a period of more than 30 years has only deepened my high respect for him however much we differed in our views and methods. A prince among men has passed away and we grieve with India in her irreparable
362:
January 1948 to pressure the Indian government to release the payment to Pakistan. The Indian government, yielding to Gandhi, reversed its decision. Godse and his colleagues interpreted this sequence of events to be a case of Mahatma Gandhi controlling power and hurting India.
624:
crowd fell upon the man and beat him with sticks, but he was apprehended by the police and taken to a police station." Godse was questioned by reporters, who in English replied that he was not sorry to have killed Gandhi and awaited his day in court to explain his reasons.
506:
Gandhi had suffered profuse blood loss. Everyone was crying loudly. In the house, Bhai Saheb had phoned the hospital many times, but was unable to reach any help. He then went to Willingdon Hospital in person, but came back disappointed. Manuben and others read the
2417:
dangling in his right hand and to my knowledge made no attempt to escape or to take his own fire. ... Moving toward Godse I extended my right arm in an attempt to seize his gun but in doing so grasped his right shoulder in a manner that spun him into the hands of
1123:
was thrown, which exploded near the car. This caused grievous injury to the Chief Officer of the Pune Municipal Corporation, two policemen and seven others. Nevertheless, no account or records of the investigation nor arrests made can be found. Gandhi's secretary,
1232:
was published in 1977, containing Nathuram Godse's statement to the court, after the Indian Congress party lost power for the first time since Indian independence, and the new government lifted the censorship imposed since 1948 after gaining power in national
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of God' of the lowest caste of India, but he schooled himself not to hate the wrongdoer. The power of his benignity grew stronger as his potential influence ebbed. He tried in the mood of the New Testament to love his enemies. Now he belongs to the ages.
1119:, to deliver a speech at Corporation Auditorium. They were travelling in a motorcade of two cars. The car in which the couple was travelling was delayed and the first car reached the auditorium. Just when the first car arrived at the auditorium, a
2461:, p. 320, Quote: "Immediately, there was chaos. As Gandhi was cradled by his devotees and carried back to the house, the assassin was seized and pummelled by thirty-two-year-old diplomatic officer Herbert Reiner of Springdale, Connecticut..
1453:"The crowd was paralyzed as the two grandchildren lifted the frail Gandhi and carried him into his room in Birla House. Tom Reiner, the United States vice-consul, a newcomer to India, who had attended the prayer meeting, seized the assassin ..."
461:
a.m., and reprimanded Manuben to take care of herself since her health was not what it should be for an 18-year-old. Gandhi, aged 78, was weighed after his bath and was 109.5 pounds (49.7 kg). He then ate lunch with Pyarelalji discussing
1444:"Communal massacres sparked a chaotic two-way flight of Hindus and Sikhs from Pakistan and Muslims from India. In all an estimated 15 million people were displaced in what became the largest forced migration in the twentieth century".
3999:
3554:
2449:; Quote: "Reiner attempted to seize the man's gun hand, but hit his shoulder instead, spinning the culprit into the hands of members of the Royal Indian Air Force. When he ascertained the assassin could not escape, Reiner withdrew."
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community) were attacked in a collective retaliation against a community whose Hindu nationalist leanings were well known, and whose claims to past glory and historical dominance in the area were a contentious issue in Maharashtra.
899:(Himachal Pradesh) which then housed the Punjab High Court. The High Court confirmed the findings and sentences of the lower court except in the cases of Dattatraya Parchure and Shankar Kistayya who were acquitted of all charges.
616:, Gandhi smiled back and spoke to Godse, then the assailant pulled out a pistol and fired three times, at point-blank range, into Gandhi's chest, stomach and groin. Gandhi died at 5:40pm, about half an hour after he was shot.
401:
in south-central New Delhi, not far from the diplomatic enclave. Gandhi was living in two unpretentious rooms in the left wing of Birla House, and conducting prayer meetings on a raised lawn behind the mansion.
2013:
3257:
266:, a vice-consul at the American embassy in Delhi—and handed over to the police. The Gandhi murder trial opened in May 1948 in Delhi's historic Red Fort, with Godse the main defendant, and his collaborator
650:
According to some accounts, Gandhi died on the spot. In other accounts, such as one prepared by an eyewitness journalist, Gandhi was carried back into the Birla House, into a bedroom, where he died about
1003:
again, as we have seen him for these many years, we will not run to him for advice or seek solace from him, and that is a terrible blow, not only for me, but for millions and millions in this country.
729:
answer to violent aggression was violent self-defense. Godse stated that Gandhi had betrayed his Hindu religion and culture by supporting Muslims at the expense of Hindus because his lectures of
4738:
431:
Manu (Mridula) Gandhi, called "Manuben" in Gujarati fashion, was Mahatma Gandhi's great niece (more precisely, a first cousin twice removed). She had come to join Gandhi's entourage during his
3967:
892:
underlines the deeply rational character of Godse's action, which, in his view, reflected the well-founded fears among upper-caste Hindus of Gandhi's message and its impact on Hindu society."
3546:
1395:: ""Bob tells me that an American Embassy official was the unsung hero of the occasion. He was the first to realize what had happened and to leap forward and grip the assassin by the arms."
1214:
is a Marathi play that has been translated into several languages. Its primary plot is the relationship between Gandhi and his estranged son but it also deals briefly with the assassination.
1547:
The apotheosis of this contrast is the assassination of Gandhi in 1948 by a militant Nathuram Godse, on the basis of his 'weak' accommodationist approach towards the new state of Pakistan.
575:
a moment made him wonder if some sort of celebration was underway. The details and the role of Reiner in seizing Godse vary by the source. According to Frank Allston, Reiner stated that:
3284:
3798:
834:
Vishnu Karkare (Ahmednagar, Maharashtra; orphan; odd jobs in hotels, musician in a traveling troupe, volunteer in relief efforts to religious riots (Noakhali), later restaurant owner)
4225:
3368:
1284:(2012) by James Douglass is a non-fiction book that seeks to understand not only the facts of the murder but its importance in the larger struggle between non-violence and violence.
837:
Madanlal Pahwa (Ahmednagar refugee camp, Maharashtra; former British Indian army soldier, unemployed, Punjabi refugee who had migrated to India from Pakistan during the Partition.)
1300:
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1095:
Over two million people joined the five-mile-long funeral procession that took over five hours to reach Raj Ghat from Birla House, where he had been assassinated. Gandhi was
742:
967:
truth. Although his attacks were met with some echo in high-caste Hindu circles traditionally hostile to Gandhi, he could not create a groundswell of opinion in his favour.
439:
in East Bengal, which had been gripped by communal violence. Abha Chatterjee (Abhaben Chatterjee) was a girl adopted by the Gandhis who would later marry Gandhi's nephew,
5247:
954:, at the hanging Apte's neck broke and he died instantly, but "Godse died slowly by the rope"; instead of having his neck snap he choked "to death for fifteen minutes".
3314:
2005:
306:
In May 1944, Nathuram Vinayak Godse attempted to assassinate Gandhi with a knife. He led a group of 15 to 20 young men who rushed at Gandhi during a prayer meeting at
4309:
4257:
3593:
3480:
1892:
1429:"Reiner recalled, "People were standing as though paralyzed. I moved around them, grasped his shoulder and spun him around, then took a firmer grip on his shoulders"
393:
in the northern part of New Delhi, and was holding his prayer meetings there. When the temple was requisitioned for sheltering refugees of the partition he moved to
321:. This time Godse was arrested with a dagger and he uttered threats to kill Gandhi. He was released again owing to Gandhi's policy of not pressing criminal charges.
3697:
3659:
3253:
746:
The trial of persons accused of participation and complicity in the assassination at the Special Court in Red Fort Delhi on 27 May 1948. Front row, left to right:
2161:
3034:
332:, which had accompanied the creation of the new independent dominions of India and Pakistan, and involved large, chaotic transfers of population between them.
4992:, (In French: Elst, K., & Frumer, B. (2007). "Pourquoi j'ai tué Gandhi": Examen et critique de la défense de Nathuram Godse. Paris: Les Belles lettres.)
310:. Godse and his group were prevented by the crowds from reaching Gandhi. He was released due to Gandhi's own policy of declining to press criminal charges.
1041:
outstanding figures in the world today, ... For a quarter of a century this one man has been the major factor in every consideration of the Indian problem.
358:, due to Godse's disagreement with Gandhi's philosophy of non-violence towards Muslims. But Gandhi opposed the decision and went on a fast-unto-death on 13
274:'s desire "to avoid scrutiny for the failure to prevent the assassination." Godse and Apte were sentenced to death on 8 November 1949. Although pleas for
4837:
3621:
1156:
participating in different events. Gandhi's death indirectly gave Nehru more power. According to historian Percival Spear, "The government was really a
4522:
2422:
men, also spectators, who disarmed him. I then fastened a firm grasp on his neck and shoulders until other military and police took him into custody"..
601:
officer dispossessed him of the pistol. The crowd beat him to a bloodied state. The police wrested him loose from the angry crowd, took him to jail. A
4732:
259:. Gandhi fell to the ground. He was carried back to his room in Birla House from which a representative emerged sometime later to announce his death.
2214:
695:
and would be powerful with armed forces. No doubt, my own future would be totally ruined, but the nation would be saved from the inroads of Pakistan.
584:
men, also spectators, who disarmed him. I then fastened a firm grasp on his neck and shoulders until other military and police took him into custody.
4858:
4679:
1208:, after seven sold-out shows it was banned in the State of Maharashtra in 1999 on directions from the then BJP-led coalition government in Delhi.
1615:
903:
3280:
6178:
5829:
5113:
4918:
3790:
6218:
5871:
4219:
3360:
6449:
6203:
447:, a memoir by Manuben Gandhi published in 1962, Mahatma Gandhi (Bapu) started the day in Birla House by listening to a recitation of the
4538:
2871:
1534:
6253:
6208:
6193:
5311:
354:
Plans to assassinate Gandhi were initiated by Godse and his accomplices in January 1948, after India and Pakistan had already started
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2195:
6977:
6402:
6243:
6238:
5200:
5195:
5145:
1053:
the new chapter which, however troubled at the outset, we should all hope, will develop in peace, concord and prosperity for India.
4964:
Debs, Mira (2013). "Using cultural trauma: Gandhi's assassination, partition and secular nationalism in post-independence India".
6168:
5332:
3768:
6377:
6248:
6188:
5429:
5028:
4944:
4888:
4807:
4722:
4701:
4656:
4636:
4616:
4567:
4506:
4434:
4398:
4335:
4303:
4283:
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4209:
4189:
4169:
4125:
3985:
3942:
3729:
3691:
3653:
3587:
3519:
3474:
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3306:
3129:
3079:
2904:
2865:
2838:
2787:
2760:
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2568:
2545:
2508:
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1989:
1957:
1927:
1886:
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1723:
1528:
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3525:
6982:
6145:
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2419:
581:
4035:
7017:
6372:
6233:
324:
In early September 1947, Gandhi moved to Delhi to help stem the violent rioting there and in the neighboring province of
270:, and six more, deemed co-defendants. The trial was rushed through, the haste sometimes attributed to the home minister
6992:
6703:
6228:
5100:
2987:
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2153:
6397:
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5007:
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4355:
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3106:
3030:
3007:
2369:
1814:
1226:'s novel of the same name, which is a fictional account of the final nine hours leading up to Gandhi's assassination.
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7007:
6899:
6713:
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473:
The pistol shots had deafened her, wrote Manuben, the smoke was very thick, and the incident complete within 3 to 4
527:
According to several reports, while the attending crowd was still in shock, Gandhi's assassin Godse was seized by
6919:
6550:
6442:
6342:
6160:
5414:
818:
17:
6987:
6889:
6600:
5854:
1162:
750:, Narayan Apte, and Vishnu Ramkrishna Karkare. Seated behind, left to right: Digambar Badge, Shankar Kistaiya,
31:
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672:
could have been avoided if Gandhi and the Indian government had acted to stop the killing of the minorities (
35:
4516:
477:
minutes. A crowd of people rushed towards them, according to Manuben. The watch she was carrying showed 5:17
366:
On the day Gandhi went on hunger strike, Godse and his colleagues began planning how to assassinate Gandhi.
5889:
5503:
5138:
5045:"Performing Peace: Gandhi's assassination as a critical moment in the consolidation of the Nehruvian state"
4023:"Performing Peace: Gandhi's assassination as a critical moment in the consolidation of the Nehruvian state"
3966:
Ansari, Sarah; Gould, William (31 October 2019). "'Performing the State' in Post-1947 India and Pakistan".
3887:"Performing Peace: Gandhi's assassination as a critical moment in the consolidation of the Nehruvian state"
3836:
1234:
2857:"Let's Kill Gandhi !": A Chronicle of His Last Days, the Conspiracy, Murder, Investigation, and Trial
2186:
6515:
6387:
2529:, p. 5. Quote: "Godse did not flee the scene, and he voluntarily surrendered himself to the police";
939:
802:
291:
244:
199:
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6646:
6435:
5610:
1287:
712:
355:
4665:
Obituary, May 21 (21 May 2000), "Herbert Reiner Jr., Diplomat, 83; Captured Gandhi's killer in 1948",
4576:
McLain, Karline (2007). "Who Shot the Mahatma? Representing Gandhian Politics in Indian Comic Books".
6575:
6492:
6312:
6307:
5862:
2833:. Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. p. 130.
1599:
432:
7012:
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1174:
814:
783:
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6281:
6125:
6050:
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5954:
5844:
5683:
5131:
5110:
4365:
4030:
3547:"'One of the Greatest…' Jinnah's Condolence for Gandhi and a Pakistan Visit That Was Never to Be"
2725:
Exiled at Home: Comprising, At the Edge of Psychology, The Intimate Enemy, Creating a Nationality
2500:
Exiled at Home: Comprising, At the Edge of Psychology, The Intimate Enemy, Creating a Nationality
2209:
hands of the Indian police, an action captured on the front pages of newspapers around the world.
4984:
Elst, Koenraad (2016). The man who killed Mahatma Gandhi: Understanding the mind of a murderer.
7002:
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6615:
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367:
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4388:
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4159:
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1876:
1804:
1518:
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5242:
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4626:
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3681:
3643:
3505:
2855:
2750:
2535:
1947:
1917:
1057:
135:
4325:
962:
The Government of India made the assassination trial public. According to Claude Markovits:
6708:
6698:
5813:
5227:
5185:
4243:
Decolonization in South Asia: Meanings of Freedom in Post-independence West Bengal, 1947–52
3891:
3004:"Excerpts From Nathuram Godse's Deposition Before Justice Atma Charan of the Special Court"
775:
many other accomplices were arrested. They were all identified as prominent members of the
708:
689:
513:
as Gandhi's body lay in the room. Colonel Bhargava arrived, and he pronounced Gandhi dead.
219:
was assassinated on 30 January 1948 at age 78 in the compound of The Birla House (now
187:
91:
3514:, Abington, OX and New York; Milton Keynes: Routledge; The Open University, pp. 79–,
1858:
Indian journalism: origin, growth and development of Indian journalism from Asoka to Nehru
1290:(2023) is a fictional movie that reimagines the assassination with the survival of Gandhi.
1202:
is a play composed by Pradeep Dalvi based on the assassination trial. Locally produced as
972:
Khosla, one of the three judges who heard the appeal, later wrote of the Godse statement:
8:
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6748:
6357:
6065:
6035:
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5944:
5929:
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5286:
5269:
1007:
860:
May 1948 and ran for eight months before Justice Atma Charan passed his final order on 10
725:
6813:
1010:, Governor general and founder of Pakistan, on the day of Gandhi's assassination, said:
688:
Pakistan. He stated Gandhi had not protested against these atrocities being suffered by
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6337:
6322:
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6005:
6000:
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4687:
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1218:
1166:
1141:
1082:
998:
After the assassination, Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru addressed the nation by radio:
669:
522:
415:
329:
6025:
4911:"Gandhi is killed by a Hindu; India shaken; World mourns; 15 die in rioting in Bombay"
4161:
The Courtroom as a Space of Resistance: Reflections on the Legacy of the Rivonia Trial
3466:
The Courtroom as a Space of Resistance: Reflections on the Legacy of the Rivonia Trial
6753:
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4430:
4412:
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4351:
4331:
4299:
4279:
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4205:
4185:
4165:
4121:
3995:
3981:
3948:
3938:
3914:
3869:
3842:
3762:
3725:
3687:
3649:
3583:
3515:
3470:
3434:
3102:
3075:
2983:
2937:
2900:
2861:
2834:
2783:
2756:
2729:
2722:
Nandy, Ashis (1998). "Final Encounter: The Politics of the Assassination of Gandhi".
2633:
2594:
2564:
2541:
2504:
2439:
2365:
1985:
1953:
1923:
1882:
1837:
1810:
1780:
1719:
1607:
1524:
1170:
1137:
911:
896:
882:
704:
528:
275:
271:
263:
256:
204:
78:
3686:, Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting, pp. 39–40,
2522:, p. ?. Quote: "Godse then calmly called for the police and turned himself in";
2497:
Ashis Nandy (1998). "Final Encounter: The Politics of the Assassination of Gandhi".
6783:
6412:
6407:
6327:
6055:
5990:
5808:
5773:
5537:
5296:
5237:
5056:
4973:
4585:
4275:
Hindu Mahasabha in Colonial North India, 1915-1930: Constructing Nation and History
3973:
3900:
2976:
Fernhout, Rein (1995). ʻAbd Allāh Aḥmad Naʻim, Jerald Gort and Henry Jansen (ed.).
1833:
The Quandary of the Qaum: Indian Nationalism in a Muslim State, Hyderabad 1850-1948
1305:
935:
811:(Pune, Maharashtra; formerly: British military service, teacher, newspaper manager)
794:
The accused, their place of residence and occupational background were as follows:
655:
minutes later as one of Gandhi's family members read verses from Hindu scriptures.
561:, who was an eyewitness, described Reiner's action in a front-page story on January
443:. Both young women were walking with Gandhi when he was assassinated. According to
398:
287:
6667:
3648:, Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting, pp. 40–,
3123:
65:), New Delhi, where Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated at 5:17 PM on 30 January 1948.
6909:
6863:
6843:
6758:
6631:
6610:
6555:
6302:
6110:
6070:
6015:
5985:
5939:
5924:
5919:
5894:
5748:
5738:
5723:
5575:
5454:
5117:
5104:
5093:
5018:
4997:
4878:
4867:
4830:"India: The Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi (audio starts at 3:06, ends at 5:36)"
4797:
4783:
4691:
4464:
4345:
4179:
3861:
3509:
3428:
3128:. Armed Forces of the Indian Union. Government of India. pp. 62–77, 91–102.
3096:
3069:
2894:
2828:
2777:
2723:
2627:
2588:
2558:
2498:
2433:
1979:
1856:
1831:
1774:
1713:
1223:
1146:
1125:
1116:
1069:
776:
344:
248:
3748:
A Treasury of Intimate Biographies: Dramatic Stories from the Lives of Great Men
539:, Reiner's role was reported on the front pages of newspapers around the world.
313:
In September 1944, Godse again led another group to block Gandhi's passage from
262:
Godse was captured by members of the crowd—the most widely reported of whom was
6803:
6798:
6793:
6641:
6545:
6487:
6271:
6105:
6090:
6060:
6020:
5904:
5899:
5798:
5778:
5763:
5758:
5663:
5624:
5596:
5436:
5422:
5291:
5154:
4799:
History of India, Volume 2: From the sixteenth century to the twentieth century
4793:
4753:
4589:
4022:
1033:
927:
870:
798:
772:
747:
627:
588:
According to Tunzelmann, Godse was seized and pummeled by Reiner. According to
463:
410:
340:
336:
279:
247:(RSS), a right-wing Hindu paramilitary organization as well as a member of the
228:
216:
153:
132:
102:
5061:
5044:
5038:
Funeral, post funeral-rites and memorialization after Gandhi's assassination:
3977:
3905:
3886:
2515:, Quote: "he made no attempt to run away and himself shouted for the police";
1128:, believed that the attempt failed due to lack of planning and co-ordination.
6966:
6948:
6935:
6868:
6838:
6808:
6788:
6605:
6585:
6520:
6347:
6332:
6317:
6100:
6095:
5964:
5914:
5909:
5698:
5693:
5637:
5617:
5493:
5215:
4775:
4375:
2414:
1611:
1246:
931:
914:'s efforts "to avoid scrutiny for the failure to prevent the assassination."
685:
681:
509:
449:
374:
348:
283:
220:
114:
5097:
4416:
3506:"Reading B: 'The light has gone out': Indian traditions in English rhetoric"
1841:
1023:, former prime minister of South Africa, and once Gandhi's adversary, said:
6914:
6853:
6848:
6768:
6595:
6130:
6115:
6075:
5969:
5865:
5803:
5678:
5210:
5175:
1715:
Famous Assassinations in World History: An Encyclopedia [2 volumes]
1271:
1267:
1263:
1251:
873:. Pahwa, Godse, and Karkare were all released from prison in October 1964.
869:
and the remaining six (including Godse's brother, Gopal) were sentenced to
808:
486:
the first bullet from the assassin's seven-bore automatic hit the belly 3.5
267:
157:
122:
5086:
4134:
3003:
831:
Dattatraya Parchure (Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh; medical service, care giver)
668:
Godse felt that the massacre and suffering caused during, and due to, the
6818:
6565:
6382:
6045:
6040:
5959:
5708:
5653:
5542:
5532:
5486:
5442:
5384:
1152:
889:
840:
817:(Mumbai, Maharashtra; author, lawyer, politician and former president of
755:
720:
692:
and had instead resorted to fasts. In his court deposition, Godse said, "
639:
589:
440:
394:
390:
325:
236:
167:
58:
1145:
invited the RSS and its more overtly political sister organization, the
605:
was filed by Nandlal Mehta at the Tughlak Road police station at Delhi.
453:. He then worked on a Congress constitution he wanted to publish in the
6858:
6828:
6677:
6590:
6560:
6525:
6120:
5934:
5834:
5673:
5389:
5369:
5259:
5222:
4977:
3390:
1157:
1036:
said in a radio address to the nation on the night of January 30, 1948:
991:
339:
region. Godse had previously led a civil disobedience movement against
4540:
The Murder of the Mahatma (proceedings by the Chief Justice of Punjab)
3937:. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press. pp. 268–269.
531:, a 32-year-old, newly arrived vice-consul at the American embassy in
52:
6833:
6535:
5602:
5364:
5359:
5254:
4181:
Ready for Sea: The Bicentennial History of the U.S. Navy Supply Corps
2435:
Ready for Sea: The Bicentennial History of the U.S. Navy Supply Corps
1096:
1045:
1020:
926:
November 1949. Pleas for commutation were made by Gandhi's two sons,
843:(Pune, Maharashtra; brother of Nathuram Godse; storekeeper, merchant)
405:
The first attempt to assassinate Gandhi at Birla House occurred on 20
307:
224:
74:
6427:
3361:"Nathuram Godse was tried at Peterhoff Shimla in Gandhi Murder Case"
3281:"Revealed: The secret room where Godse was kept after killing Gandh"
1195:
Several books, plays and movies have been produced about the event:
910:) that the trial and execution was rushed, attributing the haste to
6477:
5743:
5565:
5522:
5342:
5306:
4959:
Assassination-related literature and the variance in its coverage:
1803:
Fernhout, Rein (1995). ʻAbd Allāh Aḥmad Naʻim; et al. (eds.).
1111:
A prior, unsuccessful attempt, to assassinate Gandhi occurred on 25
938:, deputy prime minister Vallabhbhai Patel and the Governor-General
825:
436:
314:
290:, deputy prime minister Vallabhbhai Patel and the Governor-General
240:
3952:
1274:
about a fictitious plot to kill Gandhi by a man devastated by the
848:
tendered a conditional pardon and thus he became King's evidence.
782:
Along with Godse and accomplices, police arrested the 65-year-old
6682:
5517:
5123:
4446:
The Saffron Wave: Democracy and Hindu Nationalism in Modern India
3254:"Yakub Memon first to be hanged in Maharashtra after Ajmal Kasab"
2752:
Famous Murder Trials: Covering More Than 75 Murder Cases in India
2537:
Famous Murder Trials: Covering More Than 75 Murder Cases in India
1258:
986:
866:
371:
2413:, pp. 40–42, Quote: " stood nearly motionless with a small
5560:
5482:
5379:
2377:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1301:
List of assassinated and executed heads of state and government
1250:
is bookended by the assassination; Godse is portrayed by actor
943:
673:
535:. According to an obituary for Reiner published in May 2000 by
378:
318:
295:
118:
30:"Assassination of Gandhi" redirects here. For other uses, see
895:
The appeal by the convicted men was heard from 2 May 1949, at
389:
Gandhi had initially been staying at the Balmiki Temple, near
335:
Godse and his assassination accomplices were residents of the
5527:
4608:
Memory, Nationalism, and Narrative in Contemporary South Asia
3935:
Violent Fraternity: India Political Thought in the Global Age
2666:
2664:
1660:
1658:
934:, but these pleas were turned down by India's prime minister
677:
532:
343:, the Muslim ruler of the princely Deccan region dominion of
5020:
The UnGandhian Gandhi: The Life and Afterlife of the Mahatma
4628:
The UnGandhian Gandhi: The Life and Afterlife of the Mahatma
2651:
2649:
2136:
2134:
1685:
1645:
1278:
and his change of heart even as the real-life plot succeeds.
908:
The UnGandhian Gandhi: The Life and Afterlife of the Mahatma
902:
Professor Claude Markovits, a Senior Research Fellow at the
786:, who they accused of being the mastermind behind the plot.
4466:
Gandhi in His Time and Ours: The Global Legacy of His Ideas
4085:
4083:
3607:
3210:
3200:
3198:
3183:
2273:
1836:. University of Wisconsin-Madison Press. pp. 489–494.
1756:
1754:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1282:
Gandhi and the Unspeakable: His Final Experiment with Truth
1120:
1115:
June 1934 at Pune. Gandhi was in Pune along with his wife,
1100:
1019:
Gandhi's death was mourned around the world. Field Marshal
865:
Nathuram Godse and Narayan Apte were sentenced to death by
384:
255:
and fired three bullets into Gandhi's chest and stomach at
232:
3673:
3579:
Churchill's Confidant: Jan Smuts, Enemy to Lifelong Friend
3149:
3147:
2979:
Human Rights and Religious Values: An Uneasy Relationship?
2913:
2661:
2317:
2315:
1806:
Human Rights and Religious Values: An Uneasy Relationship?
1655:
1467:
4936:
Indian Summer: The Secret History of the End of an Empire
4327:
Darkness Everywhere: The Assassination of Mohandas Gandhi
4292:
Cush, Denise; Robinson, Catherine; York, Michael (2008),
3125:
Operation Polo: the police action against Hyderabad, 1948
2703:
2691:
2646:
2285:
2131:
2119:
2107:
2056:
2032:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1517:
Cush, Denise; Robinson, Catherine; York, Michael (2008).
381:, Godse and his accomplices shadowed Gandhi's movements.
4080:
4058:
4056:
3408:
3195:
3171:
3006:. No. January 2006. Janasangh Today. January 2006.
2681:
2679:
2394:
2392:
2097:
2095:
1751:
1675:
1673:
1622:
3341:
3329:
3234:
3144:
3049:
2808:
2312:
2302:
2300:
1981:
Gandhi's Passion: The Life and Legacy of Mahatma Gandhi
1739:
4560:
Great Soul: Mahatma Gandhi and His Struggle with India
3620:, Canadian Broadcasting Corporation Digital Archives,
3458:
3456:
3454:
3452:
3450:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2257:
1922:. Yale University Press. pp. 27–28, 97, 150–152.
1569:
1552:
1048:, the British secretary of state during the war said:
4114:
Dugger, Celia (2001). Robert Justin Goldstein (ed.).
4095:
4068:
4053:
3504:
Sen, Julu; Sharma, Rahul; Chakraverty, Anima (2020),
2676:
2389:
2092:
2080:
2068:
2044:
2020:
1670:
3679:
3641:
3508:, in Janet Maybin; Neil Mercer; Ann Hewings (eds.),
3503:
3499:
3497:
3222:
3159:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2590:
The Americanization of Gandhi: images of the Mahatma
2351:
2327:
2297:
1498:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1482:
851:
763:
either executed or served their complete sentences.
3711:
3447:
2796:
2607:
2254:
1881:, Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, pp. 550–,
1878:
Gandhi: The Years That Changed the World, 1914-1948
828:
puller, domestic worker employed by Digambar Badge)
4651:, New York: Rowman & Littlefield, p. 69,
3928:
3926:
3924:
3755:
2339:
2185:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1584:
494:inches above the navel; the second hit the belly 1
286:, they were turned down by India's prime minister
3494:
2950:
2556:
2154:"American who held killer 'Wanted to see Gandhi'"
1479:
6964:
4664:
4291:
4221:Why Savarkar makes BJP and Sangh Parivar nervous
3613:
2582:
2580:
2533:
2357:
1911:
1909:
1516:
957:
703:Godse stated that Gandhi's fast to pressure the
4393:, University of California Press, p. 660,
3921:
3635:
1966:
1581:
1510:
1060:, the British secretary of state in 1948 said:
4834:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation News Roundup
4758:Lead Kindly Light: Gandhi and the Way to Peace
4469:, Columbia University Press, pp. 174–76,
3972:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 23–66.
2187:"Herbert Reiner Jr.; Captured Gandhi's killer"
904:French National Centre for Scientific Research
6443:
5139:
4449:, Princeton University Press, pp. 249–,
4239:
3791:"Preserving the truth behind Gandhi's murder"
2577:
1984:. Oxford University Press. pp. 254–256.
1906:
1696:
711:that it had previously frozen because of the
5085:First Information Report on Gandhi's Murder
4857:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4710:
2969:
2755:. Universal Law Publishing. pp. 19–20.
2715:
2383:
2279:
2224:
766:
409:January 1948. According to Stanley Wolpert,
4876:
4678:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
4498:Routledge Handbook of Religion and Politics
4390:Gandhi: The Man, His People, and the Empire
4330:, Minneapolis: Twenty-First Century Books,
4217:
3965:
3738:
3582:, Little, Brown Book Group, pp. 239–,
3101:. Yale University Press. pp. 174–176.
2496:
2438:, Naval Institute Press, pp. 341–342,
2321:
2236:
1870:
1868:
1854:
1798:
1796:
1760:
1140:, the carnage that had been set off by the
1106:
922:Godse and Apte were sentenced to death on 8
6450:
6436:
5146:
5132:
4932:
4411:, Surya Bharti Parkashan (Reprint: 1993),
4120:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 546–548.
3617:India: The Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi
3569:
2847:
2775:
2458:
2291:
2228:
2180:
2178:
1772:
990:Funeral procession of Gandhi, passing the
570:forest of fists belabored the assassin ...
328:. The rioting had come in the wake of the
51:
5060:
4734:US Diplomat Apprehended Gandhi's Assassin
4730:
4693:The Death and Afterlife of Mahatma Gandhi
4686:
4624:
4422:
4370:, Ahmedabad: Nuvajivan, Delhi: Agarwala,
4218:Bamzai, Kaveree; Damle, Shridhar (2016),
4140:
4089:
3904:
3878:
3782:
3717:
2919:
2670:
2586:
2248:
2160:, The Associated Press, 1 February 1948,
2146:
1941:
1939:
1861:. University of Mysore. pp. 248–249.
1707:
1705:
1664:
1563:
490:inches to the right of the middle and 2.5
5055:(1). Cambridge University Press: 57–80.
4908:
4865:
4828:Stimson, Robert, BBC (30 January 1948),
4557:
4462:
3088:
3055:
2975:
2625:
2410:
2306:
2232:
1865:
1802:
1793:
1745:
1649:
1473:
1418:
1408:
1337:
985:
741:
718:Godse stated he did not oppose Gandhian
543:
385:Assassination attempt on 20 January 1948
4827:
4350:, Jaico Publishing House, p. 150,
4177:
3788:
3433:. Mittal Publications. pp. 94–97.
3028:
2728:. Oxford University Press. p. 92.
2503:. Oxford University Press. p. 92.
2431:
2425:
2267:
2220:
2175:
1977:
1952:. Mittal Publications. pp. 76–77.
801:(Pune, Maharashtra; a former member of
14:
6965:
6378:Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Centre, Matale
5430:The Story of My Experiments with Truth
4877:Talbot, Ian; Singh, Gurharpal (2009),
4781:
4752:
4741:from the original on 22 September 2022
4604:
4575:
4536:
4525:from the original on 27 September 2023
4514:
4494:
4442:
4429:, Infobase Publishing, pp. 128–,
4386:
4363:
4323:
4197:
4113:
4101:
4041:from the original on 11 September 2021
4002:from the original on 11 September 2021
3932:
3834:
3744:
3700:from the original on 10 September 2024
3662:from the original on 10 September 2024
3596:from the original on 10 September 2024
3557:from the original on 10 September 2024
3528:from the original on 10 September 2024
3483:from the original on 10 September 2024
3347:
3335:
3279:Menon, Vinod Kumar (30 January 2014).
3260:from the original on 28 September 2015
3240:
3228:
3216:
3204:
3189:
3177:
3165:
3153:
3121:
2931:
2892:
2853:
2826:
2814:
2802:
2709:
2697:
2685:
2655:
2613:
2526:
2519:
2482:
2398:
2345:
2244:
2164:from the original on 10 September 2024
2140:
2125:
2113:
2101:
2086:
2074:
2062:
2050:
2038:
2026:
1936:
1915:
1895:from the original on 10 September 2024
1711:
1702:
1679:
1618:from the original on 22 November 2017.
1575:
1504:
1237:. The text was republished in 1993 as
737:
498:inch away from middle, and the third 4
330:partition of the British Indian empire
179:Shankar Kistaiya (acquitted on appeal)
6457:
6431:
5127:
4792:
4717:, Taylor & Francis, p. 343,
4711:Pronko, N. H.; Bowles, J. W. (2013),
4406:
4343:
4298:, Taylor & Francis, p. 544,
4074:
4062:
3771:from the original on 24 February 2021
3624:from the original on 25 February 2021
3575:
3278:
3094:
3031:"Analysis: The man who killed Gandhi"
2963:
2830:The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi
2721:
2629:Assassination: The Politics of Murder
2470:
2333:
2240:
1829:
1523:. Taylor & Francis. p. 544.
876:
824:Shankar Kistayya (Pune, Maharashtra;
5042:
4963:
4921:from the original on 7 February 2017
4909:Trumbull, Robert (31 January 1948),
4644:
4611:, Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 75–,
4271:
4157:
3884:
3819:
3801:from the original on 8 November 2020
3614:CBC News Roundup (30 January 1948),
3462:
3426:
3414:
3371:from the original on 1 February 2014
3132:from the original on 19 October 2017
3067:
3010:from the original on 7 February 2015
1945:
1874:
1537:from the original on 12 October 2013
1492:
758:, and Dattatraya Sadashiv Parachure.
294:. Godse and Apte were hanged in the
6373:Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park
4999:The Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi
4939:, Simon and Schuster, p. 320,
4714:Empirical Foundations Of Psychology
4347:The Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi
4260:from the original on 24 August 2024
3822:The second assassination of Gandhi?
3317:from the original on 12 August 2020
2896:Empirical Foundations Of Psychology
2748:
2006:"The truth about Gandhi's sex life"
397:, a large mansion on what was then
24:
6704:Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad
5153:
4954:
4897:from the original on 29 March 2024
4546:. Jaico Publishers. Archived from
4483:from the original on 29 March 2024
4409:Why I assassinated Mahatma Gandhi?
4312:from the original on 29 March 2024
3824:. Anamika publication. p. 54.
3029:Overdof, Jason (5 February 2009).
2874:from the original on 29 March 2024
2860:. Rupa & Company. p. 12.
2782:. Random House. pp. 163–165.
2563:. Random House. pp. 163–165.
1779:. Random House. pp. 164–165.
1359:Empirical Foundation of Psychology
1239:Why I Assassinated Mahatma Gandhi?
1163:integration of the princely states
421:
25:
7034:
6277:International Day of Non-Violence
6174:National Salt Satyagraha Memorial
5078:
4872:, C. S. Palmer Publishing Company
4840:from the original on 9 March 2022
4228:from the original on 13 June 2022
3037:from the original on 30 July 2014
2540:. Universal Law. pp. 19–20.
2198:from the original on 31 July 2017
2016:from the original on 3 June 2013.
1336:pm that the words spread widely."
1222:is a 1963 British movie based on
852:Trial and sentencing: Lower Court
516:
426:
177:Digambar Badge (granted immunity)
6714:Rastriya Prajatantra Party Nepal
5548:The Kingdom of God Is Within You
4816:from the original on 3 July 2023
4760:, London: Cassel & Co. Ltd,
4143:, pp. 34–35 with footnotes.
4107:
4020:
4014:
3959:
3866:Mahatma Gandhi – The Last Phase,
3855:
3828:
3813:
3539:
3420:
3287:from the original on 3 July 2014
950:November 1949. According to the
942:. Godse and Apte were hanged in
724:teachings, but Gandhi's talk of
707:to release the final payment to
595:
278:were made by Gandhi's two sons,
6978:Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi
6920:Cow vigilante violence in India
6885:Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi
6551:Akhil Bharatiya Akhara Parishad
6343:Gandhi Memorial Museum, Madurai
5860:Indian currency (Gandhi Series,
4972:(4). Wiley-Blackwell: 635–653.
4584:(1). SAGE Publications: 57–77.
3721:Mahatma Gandhi and His Apostles
3383:
3353:
3299:
3272:
3246:
3115:
3098:Mahatma Gandhi and His Apostles
3061:
3022:
2996:
2925:
2899:. Routledge. pp. 342–343.
2893:Pronko, Nicholas Henry (2013).
2886:
2820:
2769:
2742:
2619:
2488:
2358:Campbell-Johnson, Alan (1985),
1998:
1848:
1823:
1766:
1447:
1438:
1423:
1398:
1342:
819:Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha
457:, had his bath and massage at 8
301:
46:Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi
27:1948 murder in New Delhi, India
6890:Demolition of the Babri Masjid
6601:Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party
5855:Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapith
5416:Hind Swaraj (Indian Home Rule)
4883:, Cambridge University Press,
4240:Bandyopadhyay, Sekhar (2009),
4150:
3835:Arnold, David (17 June 2014).
3789:Narayan, Hari (20 June 2015).
3427:Jain, Jagdish Chandra (1987).
3395:Centre for South Asian Studies
3068:Jain, Jagdish Chandra (1987).
1946:Jain, Jagdish Chandra (1987).
1323:
1173:and its supporters within the
779:– a nationalist organization.
223:), a large mansion in central
32:Assassination of Indira Gandhi
13:
1:
5872:Indian 10 Rupee postage stamp
5248:Second Round Table Conference
4933:Tunzelmann, Alex von (2012),
4731:Rajghatai, Chidanand (2013),
3724:. Penguin Books. p. 69.
3680:Publication Division (1948),
3642:Publication Division (1948),
3430:Gandhi, the Forgotten Mahatma
3071:Gandhi, the Forgotten Mahatma
2936:. Mumbai: Rupa Publications.
2593:. Garland. pp. 554–561.
1949:Gandhi, the Forgotten Mahatma
1919:Gandhi: A Spiritual Biography
1311:
958:Coverage and judge's comments
917:
608:The 31 January 1948 issue of
370:and Narayan Apte purchased a
57:A memorial marks the spot in
36:Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi
5282:Gujarat Vidyapith University
5196:Indian independence movement
5111:Assaults & Assassination
4996:Gauba, Khalid Latif (1969).
4443:Hansen, Thomas Blom (1999),
4344:Gauba, Khalid Latif (1969),
4278:, Routledge, pp. 118–,
4204:, Routledge, pp. 225–,
4164:, Routledge, pp. 357–,
2982:. Rodopi. pp. 126–131.
1855:Kr̥ṣṇamūrti, Nāḍiga (1966).
1809:. Rodopi. pp. 124–126.
1600:"Assassination of Mr Gandhi"
1460:
1316:
1165:. After the violence of the
1161:Patel busied himself on the
1131:
377:. Along with purchasing the
7:
6983:January 1948 events in Asia
6516:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
6388:Mohandas Gandhi High School
5970:Leela (great-granddaughter)
5769:Chakravarti Rajagopalachari
4866:Stratton, Roy Olin (1950),
4785:The Men in the Trojan Horse
4501:, Routledge, pp. 73–,
4423:Goldstein, Natalie (2010),
2776:Fetherling, George (2011).
2587:Chatfield, Charles (1976).
1773:Fetherling, George (2011).
1294:
1190:
1181:According to Thomas Hansen:
1032:The British prime minister
981:
940:Chakravarti Rajagopalachari
883:Nathuram Godse § Trial
803:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
789:
292:Chakravarti Rajagopalachari
245:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
10:
7039:
7018:Deaths by firearm in India
6779:Madhukar Dattatraya Deoras
6647:Rastriya Prajatantra Party
5890:Karamchand Gandhi (father)
5611:Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram
5017:Markovits, Claude (2004).
4625:Markovits, Claude (2004),
4605:Mallot, J. Edward (2012),
4590:10.1177/026272800602700104
4246:, Routledge, p. 146,
4178:Allston, Frank J. (1995),
3841:. Routledge. p. 144.
3745:Snyder, Louis Leo (1951),
3074:. Mittal. pp. 76–92.
2854:Gandhi, Tushar A. (2007).
2749:Das, Pramod Kumar (2007).
2557:George Fetherling (2011).
2432:Allston, Frank J. (1995),
1875:Guha, Ramachandra (2018),
1200:I, Nathuram Godse speaking
880:
658:
520:
502:inches away to the right".
243:activist, a member of the
217:Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
29:
6993:Deaths by person in India
6877:
6731:
6691:
6660:
6624:
6576:Bharatiya Janshakti Party
6508:
6501:
6465:
6295:
6264:
6153:
6144:
5978:
5880:
5822:
5646:
5468:
5398:
5325:
5161:
5062:10.1017/s0026749x10000223
4869:SACO, the Rice Paddy Navy
4645:Nash, Jay Robert (1981),
4558:Lelyveld, Joseph (2012),
4387:Gandhi, Rajmohan (2006),
4184:, Naval Institute Press,
3978:10.1017/9781108164511.003
3906:10.1017/S0026749X10000223
2534:Pramod Kumar Das (2007).
2364:, Atheneum, p. 280,
1978:Wolpert, Stanley (2001).
1718:. ABC-CLIO. p. 167.
767:Investigation and arrests
210:
194:
183:
173:
149:
141:
128:
108:
98:
84:
70:
50:
45:
6878:Events and controversies
6637:Hindu Prajatantrik Party
6581:Hindu Janajagruti Samiti
6403:Roads named after Gandhi
5719:Umar Hajee Ahmed Jhaveri
5201:Non-cooperation movement
5116:24 February 2014 at the
5092:12 February 2013 at the
4782:Singer, Kurt D. (1953),
4495:Haynes, Jeffrey (2016),
4463:Hardiman, David (2003),
4381:Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
4364:Gandhi, Manuben (1962),
4295:Encyclopedia of Hinduism
3751:, Greenberg, p. 384
3307:"Madanlal Pahwa outlook"
2827:Gandhi, Mahatma (2000).
2626:Laucella, Linda (1998).
2384:Pronko & Bowles 2013
2361:Mission with Mountbatten
2280:Pronko & Bowles 2013
2225:Pronko & Bowles 2013
1520:Encyclopedia of Hinduism
1230:May It Please Your Honor
1205:Me Nathuram Godse Boltoy
1178:reestablished in India.
1175:Indian National Congress
1107:Previous attempt in 1934
1086:in its editorial wrote:
815:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
784:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
752:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
645:
7023:State funerals in India
7008:Assassinations in India
6949:28.601278°N 77.213722°E
6900:Boycott of Hindi cinema
6824:Rajendra Prasad Lingden
6719:Hindu Maha Sabha (Fiji)
6673:Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh
6571:Bhartiya Gau Raksha Dal
6031:Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai
5965:Tushar (great-grandson)
5945:Gopalkrishna (grandson)
5845:Gandhi Peace Foundation
5684:Brij Krishna Chandiwala
5103:11 January 2013 at the
4966:Nations and Nationalism
4515:Kapoor, Pramod (2014),
3969:Boundaries of Belonging
3933:Kapila, Shruti (2021).
3576:Steyn, Richard (2018),
2932:Gandhi, Tushar (2012).
2632:. Lowell. p. 177.
2322:Bamzai & Damle 2016
2237:Bamzai & Damle 2016
1916:Sharma, Arvind (2013).
1761:Talbot & Singh 2009
6905:Haridwar hate speeches
6744:Syama Prasad Mukherjee
6616:Virat Hindustan Sangam
6531:Bharatiya Janata Party
6393:National Gandhi Museum
6368:Mahatma Gandhi College
6353:Gandhi Temple, Bhatara
6287:Season for Nonviolence
6086:Maria Lacerda de Moura
6081:Martin Luther King Jr.
5460:Gandhi Heritage Portal
5292:India ashrams (Kochrab
5206:Chauri Chaura incident
5171:Indian Ambulance Corps
4880:The Partition of India
4688:Paranjape, Makarand R.
4648:Almanac of World Crime
4518:The Dying of the Light
4426:Religion and the State
4198:Arnold, David (2014),
2420:Royal Indian Air Force
1288:Gandhi Godse – Ek Yudh
1188:
1093:
1079:
1067:
1055:
1043:
1030:
1017:
1005:
995:
979:
969:
952:Almanac of World Crime
799:Nathuram Vinayak Godse
759:
586:
582:Royal Indian Air Force
572:
504:
368:Nathuram Vinayak Godse
6988:1948 murders in India
6541:Vishva Hindu Parishad
5950:Ramchandra (grandson)
5794:Rettamalai Srinivasan
5784:Anugrah Narayan Sinha
5554:The Masque of Anarchy
5338:Composite nationalism
5333:Practices and beliefs
5265:Natal Indian Congress
5098:translated to English
5043:Khan, Yasmin (2011).
4553:on 21 September 2015.
4537:Khosla, G.D. (1965).
4367:Last Glimpses of Bapu
4324:Doeden, Matt (2013),
4272:Bapu, Prabhu (2012),
3885:Khan, Yasmin (2011).
3219:, pp. 15, 24–25.
3192:, pp. 15, 25–27.
3122:Prasad, S.N. (1972).
2779:The Book of Assassins
2560:The Book of Assassins
1776:The Book of Assassins
1183:
1136:In the newly formed
1088:
1074:
1062:
1058:Lord Pethick-Lawrence
1050:
1038:
1025:
1012:
1000:
989:
974:
964:
906:, wrote a 2004 book (
856:The trial began on 27
805:, editor, journalist)
745:
577:
567:
537:The Los Angeles Times
484:
445:Last Glimpses Of Bapu
298:on 15 November 1949.
136:semi-automatic pistol
6954:28.601278; 77.213722
6709:Jammu Praja Parishad
6699:Bharatiya Jana Sangh
5814:Kishorlal Mashruwala
5603:Gandhi's translation
5228:Dharasana Satyagraha
5186:Champaran Satyagraha
5049:Modern Asian Studies
5002:. Jaico Publishing.
4407:Godse, N.V. (1948),
4117:Political Censorship
3892:Modern Asian Studies
3367:. Biharprabha News.
1830:Roosa, John (1998).
203:Other conspirators:
6945: /
6895:1970 Bhiwandi riots
6774:Murli Manohar Joshi
6749:Deendayal Upadhyaya
6358:Kaba Gandhi No Delo
6066:Lal Bahadur Shastri
6036:Govind Vallabh Pant
5940:Rajmohan (grandson)
5935:Ela (granddaughter)
5830:Artistic depictions
5689:Sudhakar Chaturvedi
5586:Henry Stephens Salt
5571:Sermon on the Mount
5500:Henry David Thoreau
5477:A Letter to a Hindu
5287:Harijan Sevak Sangh
4578:South Asia Research
4158:Allo, Awol (2016),
3868:Navajivan, (1956).
3463:Allo, Awol (2016),
3417:, pp. 69, 160.
3095:Mehta, Ved (1993).
2712:, pp. 216–219.
2700:, pp. 215–216.
2658:, pp. 215–219.
2386:, pp. 342–343.
2143:, pp. 310–311.
2128:, pp. 309–310.
2116:, pp. 308–309.
2065:, pp. 305–306.
2041:, pp. 301–302.
1712:Newton, M. (2014).
1606:. 31 January 1948.
1476:, pp. 174–176.
1008:Muhammad Ali Jinnah
738:Trial and judgments
726:religious tolerance
557:Robert Trumbull of
418:. He was arrested.
227:. His assassin was
161:Dattatraya Parchure
6764:Kailashpati Mishra
6739:Dattopant Thengadi
6652:Shanti Party Nepal
6483:Uniform Civil Code
6011:C. Rajagopalachari
6006:Brajkishore Prasad
6001:Abdul Ghaffar Khan
5960:Kanu (grandnephew)
5863:Gandhi New Series,
5850:Gandhi Peace Prize
5840:Gandhi Peace Award
5734:Abdul Ghaffar Khan
5729:Hermann Kallenbach
5704:Dada Dharmadhikari
5581:Shrimad Rajchandra
5513:Civil disobedience
5505:Civil Disobedience
5181:Bardoli Satyagraha
4990:Edwin Mellen Press
4986:Lewiston, New York
4978:10.1111/nana.12038
4915:The New York Times
4737:, Times of India,
3764:The Canberra Times
3718:Ved Mehta (2013).
3553:. 2 October 2019.
3391:"Claude Markovits"
3207:, pp. 15, 25.
3180:, pp. 15, 24.
2158:The New York Times
2012:. 2 January 2012.
1697:Bandyopadhyay 2009
1413: •
1391: •
1385: •
1379: •
1373: •
1369:The New York Times
1363: •
1353: •
1270:bilingual film by
1219:Nine Hours to Rama
1167:Partition of India
1142:Partition of India
1083:The New York Times
996:
877:Appeal: High Court
760:
690:Hindus in Pakistan
664:motivations were:
559:The New York Times
523:Herbert Reiner Jr.
416:Partition of India
356:a war over Kashmir
6928:
6927:
6754:Subramanian Swamy
6727:
6726:
6493:Integral Humanism
6473:Hindu nationalism
6459:Hindu nationalism
6425:
6424:
6421:
6420:
6204:Parliament Square
6136:Vallabhbhai Patel
5925:Samaldas (nephew)
5920:Maganlal (cousin)
5789:Sri Krishna Sinha
5754:Vallabhbhai Patel
5739:Acharya Kripalani
5714:Shiv Prasad Gupta
5669:Shankarlal Banker
5632:Vaishnava Jana To
5450:Seven Social Sins
5243:Gandhi–Irwin Pact
5233:Vaikom Satyagraha
5030:978-1-84331-127-0
4946:978-1-4711-1476-2
4890:978-0-521-85661-4
4809:978-0-140-13836-8
4724:978-1-136-32708-7
4703:978-81-8400-683-4
4658:978-1-4617-4768-0
4638:978-1-84331-127-0
4618:978-1-137-00705-6
4569:978-0-307-38995-4
4562:, Vintage Books,
4508:978-1-317-28747-6
4436:978-1-4381-3124-5
4400:978-0-520-25570-8
4337:978-1-4677-1659-8
4305:978-0-7007-1267-0
4285:978-1-136-25500-7
4253:978-1-134-01824-6
4211:978-1-317-88235-0
4191:978-1-55750-033-5
4171:978-1-317-03711-8
4127:978-1-57958-320-0
3987:978-1-107-19605-6
3944:978-0-691-19522-3
3731:978-93-5118-577-2
3693:978-81-230-2262-8
3683:HOMAGE TO MAHATMA
3655:978-81-230-2262-8
3645:HOMAGE TO MAHATMA
3589:978-1-4721-4075-3
3521:978-1-00-011605-2
3476:978-1-317-03711-8
3440:978-81-7099-037-6
3350:, pp. 17–19.
3338:, pp. 15–17.
3081:978-81-7099-037-6
2922:, pp. 57–59.
2906:978-1-136-32701-8
2867:978-81-291-1094-7
2840:978-81-230-0154-8
2817:, pp. 70–71.
2789:978-0-307-36909-3
2762:978-81-7534-605-5
2735:978-0-19-564177-6
2673:, pp. 10–11.
2639:978-1-56565-628-4
2570:978-0-307-36909-3
2547:978-81-7534-605-5
2510:978-0-19-564177-6
2445:978-1-55750-033-5
2192:Los Angeles Times
1991:978-0-19-972872-5
1959:978-81-7099-037-6
1929:978-0-300-18596-6
1888:978-0-385-53232-7
1786:978-0-307-36909-3
1725:978-1-61069-286-1
1667:, pp. 57–58.
1652:, pp. 40–42.
1578:, pp. 75–76.
1530:978-0-7007-1267-0
1212:Gandhi vs. Gandhi
1138:Dominion of India
912:Vallabhbhai Patel
897:Peterhoff, Shimla
871:life imprisonment
705:Indian government
529:Herbert Reiner Jr
272:Vallabhbhai Patel
264:Herbert Reiner Jr
257:point-blank range
214:
213:
205:Life imprisonment
16:(Redirected from
7030:
6960:
6959:
6957:
6956:
6955:
6950:
6946:
6943:
6942:
6941:
6938:
6814:François Gautier
6784:Kushabhau Thakre
6506:
6505:
6466:General ideology
6452:
6445:
6438:
6429:
6428:
6413:Satyagraha House
6408:Sabarmati Ashram
6328:Gandhi Promenade
6254:Washington, D.C.
6209:Tavistock Square
6194:Pietermaritzburg
6151:
6150:
6056:Jawaharlal Nehru
5991:Aung San Suu Kyi
5809:Ravishankar Vyas
5774:Bibi Amtus Salam
5538:Parsee Rustomjee
5238:Aundh Experiment
5191:Kheda Satyagraha
5148:
5141:
5134:
5125:
5124:
5074:
5064:
5034:
5023:. Anthem Press.
5013:
4981:
4949:
4929:
4928:
4926:
4905:
4904:
4902:
4873:
4862:
4856:
4848:
4847:
4845:
4824:
4823:
4821:
4789:
4778:
4767:978-11788-35-427
4749:
4748:
4746:
4727:
4707:
4696:. Random House.
4683:
4677:
4669:
4667:The Boston Globe
4661:
4641:
4631:, Anthem Press,
4621:
4601:
4572:
4554:
4552:
4545:
4533:
4532:
4530:
4511:
4491:
4490:
4488:
4459:
4439:
4419:
4403:
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4360:
4340:
4320:
4319:
4317:
4288:
4268:
4267:
4265:
4236:
4235:
4233:
4214:
4194:
4174:
4144:
4138:
4132:
4131:
4111:
4105:
4099:
4093:
4087:
4078:
4072:
4066:
4060:
4051:
4050:
4048:
4046:
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4027:
4018:
4012:
4011:
4009:
4007:
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3956:
3930:
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3908:
3882:
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3853:
3852:
3832:
3826:
3825:
3817:
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3808:
3806:
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3780:
3779:
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3759:
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3736:
3735:
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3707:
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3677:
3671:
3670:
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3629:
3611:
3605:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3573:
3567:
3566:
3564:
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3543:
3537:
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3535:
3533:
3501:
3492:
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3490:
3488:
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3424:
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3406:
3405:
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3387:
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3380:
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3333:
3327:
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3324:
3322:
3303:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3292:
3276:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3265:
3256:. 30 July 2015.
3250:
3244:
3243:, p. 15/16.
3238:
3232:
3226:
3220:
3214:
3208:
3202:
3193:
3187:
3181:
3175:
3169:
3163:
3157:
3156:, p. 15–29.
3151:
3142:
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3139:
3137:
3119:
3113:
3112:
3092:
3086:
3085:
3065:
3059:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3026:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3015:
3000:
2994:
2993:
2973:
2967:
2961:
2948:
2947:
2934:Lets Kill Gandhi
2929:
2923:
2917:
2911:
2910:
2890:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2851:
2845:
2844:
2824:
2818:
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2806:
2800:
2794:
2793:
2773:
2767:
2766:
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2719:
2713:
2707:
2701:
2695:
2689:
2683:
2674:
2668:
2659:
2653:
2644:
2643:
2623:
2617:
2611:
2605:
2604:
2584:
2575:
2574:
2551:
2514:
2492:
2486:
2480:
2474:
2468:
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2331:
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2304:
2295:
2289:
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2271:
2265:
2252:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2205:
2203:
2189:
2182:
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2172:
2171:
2169:
2150:
2144:
2138:
2129:
2123:
2117:
2111:
2105:
2099:
2090:
2084:
2078:
2072:
2066:
2060:
2054:
2048:
2042:
2036:
2030:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1975:
1964:
1963:
1943:
1934:
1933:
1913:
1904:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1872:
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1845:
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1791:
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1736:
1734:
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1709:
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1694:
1683:
1677:
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1662:
1653:
1647:
1620:
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1596:
1579:
1573:
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1550:
1549:
1544:
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1514:
1508:
1502:
1496:
1490:
1477:
1471:
1454:
1451:
1445:
1442:
1430:
1427:
1421:
1402:
1396:
1346:
1340:
1335:
1327:
1306:Kapur Commission
1114:
949:
936:Jawaharlal Nehru
925:
863:
859:
698:
654:
564:
549:
501:
497:
493:
489:
480:
476:
460:
408:
399:Albuquerque Road
361:
288:Jawaharlal Nehru
200:Death by hanging
198:Godse and Apte:
88:30 January 1948
55:
43:
42:
21:
7038:
7037:
7033:
7032:
7031:
7029:
7028:
7027:
7013:Murder in Delhi
6963:
6962:
6953:
6951:
6947:
6944:
6939:
6936:
6934:
6932:
6931:
6929:
6924:
6910:Hindu terrorism
6873:
6864:Yogi Adityanath
6844:K. S. Sudarshan
6759:Nanaji Deshmukh
6723:
6687:
6656:
6632:GFP Ramdir Sena
6620:
6611:Sanatan Sanstha
6556:Hindu Mahasabha
6497:
6461:
6456:
6426:
6417:
6338:Gandhi Memorial
6313:Gandhi Mandapam
6303:Aga Khan Palace
6291:
6260:
6140:
6111:Rajendra Prasad
6071:Lanza del Vasto
6026:François Bayrou
6016:Eknath Easwaran
5986:14th Dalai Lama
5974:
5955:Kanu (grandson)
5930:Arun (grandson)
5895:Kasturba (wife)
5876:
5818:
5749:Mohanlal Pandya
5724:J. C. Kumarappa
5642:
5464:
5455:Navajivan Trust
5394:
5321:
5163:
5157:
5152:
5122:
5118:Wayback Machine
5109:Mahatma Gandhi
5105:Wayback Machine
5094:Wayback Machine
5081:
5031:
5016:
5010:
4995:
4957:
4955:Further reading
4952:
4947:
4924:
4922:
4900:
4898:
4891:
4850:
4849:
4843:
4841:
4819:
4817:
4810:
4794:Spear, Percival
4768:
4754:Sheean, Vincent
4744:
4742:
4725:
4704:
4671:
4670:
4659:
4639:
4619:
4570:
4550:
4543:
4528:
4526:
4509:
4486:
4484:
4477:
4457:
4437:
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4358:
4338:
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4313:
4306:
4286:
4263:
4261:
4254:
4231:
4229:
4212:
4192:
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4153:
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4147:
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4135:
4128:
4112:
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4069:
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4054:
4044:
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4038:
4025:
4019:
4015:
4005:
4003:
3988:
3964:
3960:
3945:
3931:
3922:
3883:
3879:
3862:Pyarelal Nayyar
3860:
3856:
3849:
3833:
3829:
3820:Puniyani, Ram.
3818:
3814:
3804:
3802:
3787:
3783:
3774:
3772:
3761:
3760:
3756:
3743:
3739:
3732:
3716:
3712:
3703:
3701:
3694:
3678:
3674:
3665:
3663:
3656:
3640:
3636:
3627:
3625:
3612:
3608:
3599:
3597:
3590:
3574:
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3560:
3558:
3545:
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3529:
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3502:
3495:
3486:
3484:
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3409:
3399:
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3389:
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3384:
3374:
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3320:
3318:
3305:
3304:
3300:
3290:
3288:
3277:
3273:
3263:
3261:
3252:
3251:
3247:
3239:
3235:
3227:
3223:
3215:
3211:
3203:
3196:
3188:
3184:
3176:
3172:
3164:
3160:
3152:
3145:
3135:
3133:
3120:
3116:
3109:
3093:
3089:
3082:
3066:
3062:
3054:
3050:
3040:
3038:
3033:. Global Post.
3027:
3023:
3013:
3011:
3002:
3001:
2997:
2990:
2974:
2970:
2962:
2951:
2944:
2930:
2926:
2918:
2914:
2907:
2891:
2887:
2877:
2875:
2868:
2852:
2848:
2841:
2825:
2821:
2813:
2809:
2801:
2797:
2790:
2774:
2770:
2763:
2747:
2743:
2736:
2720:
2716:
2708:
2704:
2696:
2692:
2688:, pp. 216.
2684:
2677:
2669:
2662:
2654:
2647:
2640:
2624:
2620:
2612:
2608:
2601:
2585:
2578:
2571:
2553:
2548:
2530:
2523:
2516:
2511:
2493:
2489:
2481:
2477:
2469:
2465:
2459:Tunzelmann 2012
2457:
2453:
2446:
2430:
2426:
2409:
2405:
2397:
2390:
2382:
2378:
2372:
2356:
2352:
2344:
2340:
2332:
2328:
2320:
2313:
2305:
2298:
2292:Tunzelmann 2012
2290:
2286:
2278:
2274:
2266:
2255:
2243:, p. 150;
2231:, p. 320;
2229:Tunzelmann 2012
2227:, p. 343;
2219:
2215:
2201:
2199:
2194:. 26 May 2000.
2184:
2183:
2176:
2167:
2165:
2152:
2151:
2147:
2139:
2132:
2124:
2120:
2112:
2108:
2100:
2093:
2085:
2081:
2073:
2069:
2061:
2057:
2049:
2045:
2037:
2033:
2025:
2021:
2010:The Independent
2004:
2003:
1999:
1992:
1976:
1967:
1960:
1944:
1937:
1930:
1914:
1907:
1898:
1896:
1889:
1873:
1866:
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1849:
1828:
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1817:
1801:
1794:
1787:
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1515:
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1468:
1463:
1458:
1457:
1452:
1448:
1443:
1439:
1434:
1433:
1428:
1424:
1419:Trumbull (1948)
1412:
1409:Stratton (1950)
1403:
1399:
1390:
1384:
1378:
1372:
1362:
1352:
1347:
1343:
1338:Trumbull (1948)
1333:
1328:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1297:
1276:partition riots
1224:Stanley Wolpert
1193:
1147:Hindu Mahasabha
1134:
1126:Pyarelal Nayyar
1117:Kasturba Gandhi
1112:
1109:
1070:Albert Einstein
984:
960:
947:
923:
920:
885:
879:
861:
857:
854:
792:
777:Hindu Mahasabha
769:
740:
696:
661:
652:
648:
598:
562:
547:
544:Stratton (1950)
525:
519:
499:
495:
491:
487:
478:
474:
458:
429:
424:
422:30 January 1948
406:
387:
359:
345:Hyderabad State
304:
249:Hindu Mahasabha
202:
190:
178:
166:
164:
162:
160:
156:
111:
89:
66:
39:
28:
23:
22:
18:Madan Lal Pahwa
15:
12:
11:
5:
7036:
7026:
7025:
7020:
7015:
7010:
7005:
7000:
6998:1940s in Delhi
6995:
6990:
6985:
6980:
6975:
6973:Mahatma Gandhi
6926:
6925:
6923:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6907:
6902:
6897:
6892:
6887:
6881:
6879:
6875:
6874:
6872:
6871:
6866:
6861:
6856:
6851:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6831:
6826:
6821:
6816:
6811:
6806:
6804:Pravin Togadia
6801:
6799:Nathuram Godse
6796:
6794:Mahatma Gandhi
6791:
6786:
6781:
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6642:Shivsena Nepal
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6503:
6499:
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6488:Saffronisation
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6106:Nelson Mandela
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6091:Mehdi Bazargan
6088:
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6063:
6061:Joan Bondurant
6058:
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5796:
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5779:Sonja Schlesin
5776:
5771:
5766:
5764:Mithuben Petit
5761:
5759:Narhari Parikh
5756:
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5664:Jamnalal Bajaj
5661:
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5597:Unto This Last
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5423:Indian Opinion
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5155:Mahatma Gandhi
5151:
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5143:
5136:
5128:
5121:
5120:
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5082:
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5079:External links
5077:
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4379:(Foreword by:
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4215:
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4154:
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4149:
4146:
4145:
4141:Markovits 2004
4133:
4126:
4106:
4094:
4090:Markovits 2004
4079:
4077:, p. 240.
4067:
4065:, p. 239.
4052:
4021:Khan, Yasmin.
4013:
3986:
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3143:
3114:
3107:
3087:
3080:
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3058:, p. 339.
3048:
3021:
2995:
2989:978-9051837773
2988:
2968:
2949:
2943:978-8129128942
2942:
2924:
2920:Markovits 2004
2912:
2905:
2885:
2866:
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2807:
2795:
2788:
2768:
2761:
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2734:
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2690:
2675:
2671:Paranjape 2015
2660:
2645:
2638:
2618:
2606:
2600:978-0824004460
2599:
2576:
2569:
2546:
2509:
2487:
2475:
2463:
2451:
2444:
2424:
2403:
2401:, p. 194.
2388:
2376:
2370:
2350:
2338:
2336:, p. 150.
2326:
2311:
2296:
2294:, p. 320.
2284:
2282:, p. 343.
2272:
2253:
2249:Rajghatai 2013
2213:
2174:
2145:
2130:
2118:
2106:
2104:, p. 309.
2091:
2089:, p. 308.
2079:
2077:, p. 306.
2067:
2055:
2053:, p. 303.
2043:
2031:
2029:, p. 300.
2019:
1997:
1990:
1965:
1958:
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1928:
1905:
1887:
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1822:
1815:
1792:
1785:
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1748:, p. 332.
1738:
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1699:, p. 146.
1684:
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1669:
1665:Markovits 2004
1654:
1621:
1580:
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1564:Markovits 2004
1551:
1529:
1509:
1507:, p. 249.
1497:
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1244:The 1982 film
1242:
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1034:Clement Attlee
983:
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773:Nathuram Godse
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748:Nathuram Godse
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735:
734:
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713:war in Kashmir
701:
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628:Vincent Sheean
597:
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521:Main article:
518:
517:Herbert Reiner
515:
464:Noakhali riots
428:
427:Manuben Gandhi
425:
423:
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411:Nathuram Godse
386:
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341:Osman Ali Khan
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280:Manilal Gandhi
229:Nathuram Godse
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6099:
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5905:Manilal (son)
5903:
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5900:Harilal (son)
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5699:Mahadev Desai
5697:
5695:
5694:Jugatram Dave
5692:
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5682:
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5677:
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5659:C. F. Andrews
5657:
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5649:
5645:
5639:
5638:Vegetarianism
5636:
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5618:Ekla Chalo Re
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5494:Bhagavad Gita
5491:
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5324:
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5317:Assassination
5315:
5313:
5312:List of fasts
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5302:Sodepur Khadi
5300:
5298:
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5164:and movements
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5009:9780882531403
5005:
5001:
5000:
4994:
4991:
4987:
4983:
4979:
4975:
4971:
4967:
4962:
4961:
4960:
4948:
4942:
4938:
4937:
4931:
4920:
4916:
4912:
4907:
4896:
4892:
4886:
4882:
4881:
4875:
4871:
4870:
4864:
4860:
4854:
4839:
4835:
4831:
4826:
4815:
4811:
4805:
4801:
4800:
4795:
4791:
4787:
4786:
4780:
4777:
4773:
4769:
4763:
4759:
4755:
4751:
4740:
4736:
4735:
4729:
4726:
4720:
4716:
4715:
4709:
4705:
4699:
4695:
4694:
4689:
4685:
4681:
4675:
4668:
4663:
4660:
4654:
4650:
4649:
4643:
4640:
4634:
4630:
4629:
4623:
4620:
4614:
4610:
4609:
4603:
4599:
4595:
4591:
4587:
4583:
4579:
4574:
4571:
4565:
4561:
4556:
4549:
4542:
4541:
4535:
4524:
4520:
4519:
4513:
4510:
4504:
4500:
4499:
4493:
4482:
4478:
4476:9780231131148
4472:
4468:
4467:
4461:
4458:
4456:1-4008-2305-6
4452:
4448:
4447:
4441:
4438:
4432:
4428:
4427:
4421:
4418:
4414:
4410:
4405:
4402:
4396:
4392:
4391:
4385:
4382:
4377:
4373:
4369:
4368:
4362:
4359:
4357:9780882531403
4353:
4349:
4348:
4342:
4339:
4333:
4329:
4328:
4322:
4311:
4307:
4301:
4297:
4296:
4290:
4287:
4281:
4277:
4276:
4270:
4259:
4255:
4249:
4245:
4244:
4238:
4227:
4223:
4222:
4216:
4213:
4207:
4203:
4202:
4196:
4193:
4187:
4183:
4182:
4176:
4173:
4167:
4163:
4162:
4156:
4155:
4142:
4137:
4129:
4123:
4119:
4118:
4110:
4104:, p. 96.
4103:
4098:
4092:, p. 58.
4091:
4086:
4084:
4076:
4071:
4064:
4059:
4057:
4037:
4033:
4032:
4024:
4017:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3983:
3979:
3975:
3971:
3970:
3962:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3940:
3936:
3929:
3927:
3925:
3916:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3898:
3894:
3893:
3888:
3881:
3875:
3874:0-85283-112-9
3871:
3867:
3863:
3858:
3850:
3848:9781317882343
3844:
3840:
3839:
3831:
3823:
3816:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3785:
3770:
3766:
3765:
3758:
3750:
3749:
3741:
3733:
3727:
3723:
3722:
3714:
3699:
3695:
3689:
3685:
3684:
3676:
3661:
3657:
3651:
3647:
3646:
3638:
3623:
3619:
3618:
3610:
3595:
3591:
3585:
3581:
3580:
3572:
3556:
3552:
3548:
3542:
3527:
3523:
3517:
3513:
3512:
3511:Using English
3507:
3500:
3498:
3482:
3478:
3472:
3469:, Routledge,
3468:
3467:
3459:
3457:
3455:
3453:
3451:
3442:
3436:
3432:
3431:
3423:
3416:
3411:
3396:
3392:
3386:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3356:
3349:
3344:
3337:
3332:
3316:
3312:
3311:Outlook India
3308:
3302:
3286:
3282:
3275:
3259:
3255:
3249:
3242:
3237:
3231:, p. 15.
3230:
3225:
3218:
3213:
3206:
3201:
3199:
3191:
3186:
3179:
3174:
3168:, p. 14.
3167:
3162:
3155:
3150:
3148:
3131:
3127:
3126:
3118:
3110:
3108:0-300-05539-0
3104:
3100:
3099:
3091:
3083:
3077:
3073:
3072:
3064:
3057:
3056:Lelyveld 2012
3052:
3036:
3032:
3025:
3009:
3005:
2999:
2991:
2985:
2981:
2980:
2972:
2965:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2954:
2945:
2939:
2935:
2928:
2921:
2916:
2908:
2902:
2898:
2897:
2889:
2873:
2869:
2863:
2859:
2858:
2850:
2842:
2836:
2832:
2831:
2823:
2816:
2811:
2804:
2799:
2791:
2785:
2781:
2780:
2772:
2764:
2758:
2754:
2753:
2745:
2737:
2731:
2727:
2726:
2718:
2711:
2706:
2699:
2694:
2687:
2682:
2680:
2672:
2667:
2665:
2657:
2652:
2650:
2641:
2635:
2631:
2630:
2622:
2615:
2610:
2602:
2596:
2592:
2591:
2583:
2581:
2572:
2566:
2562:
2561:
2555:
2549:
2543:
2539:
2538:
2532:
2528:
2525:
2521:
2518:
2512:
2506:
2502:
2501:
2495:
2491:
2484:
2479:
2472:
2467:
2460:
2455:
2447:
2441:
2437:
2436:
2428:
2421:
2416:
2412:
2411:Stratton 1950
2407:
2400:
2395:
2393:
2385:
2380:
2373:
2371:9780689706974
2367:
2363:
2362:
2354:
2347:
2342:
2335:
2330:
2323:
2318:
2316:
2308:
2307:Trumbull 1948
2303:
2301:
2293:
2288:
2281:
2276:
2269:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2233:Trumbull 1948
2230:
2226:
2222:
2217:
2210:
2197:
2193:
2188:
2181:
2179:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2149:
2142:
2137:
2135:
2127:
2122:
2115:
2110:
2103:
2098:
2096:
2088:
2083:
2076:
2071:
2064:
2059:
2052:
2047:
2040:
2035:
2028:
2023:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2001:
1993:
1987:
1983:
1982:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1961:
1955:
1951:
1950:
1942:
1940:
1931:
1925:
1921:
1920:
1912:
1910:
1894:
1890:
1884:
1880:
1879:
1871:
1869:
1860:
1859:
1851:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1834:
1826:
1818:
1816:90-5183-777-1
1812:
1808:
1807:
1799:
1797:
1788:
1782:
1778:
1777:
1769:
1762:
1757:
1755:
1747:
1746:Lelyveld 2012
1742:
1727:
1721:
1717:
1716:
1708:
1706:
1698:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1681:
1676:
1674:
1666:
1661:
1659:
1651:
1650:Stratton 1950
1646:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1577:
1572:
1566:, p. 57.
1565:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1548:
1536:
1532:
1526:
1522:
1521:
1513:
1506:
1501:
1495:, p. 69.
1494:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1475:
1474:Hardiman 2003
1470:
1466:
1450:
1441:
1437:
1426:
1420:
1416:
1410:
1406:
1401:
1394:
1388:
1382:
1376:
1370:
1366:
1360:
1356:
1350:
1345:
1339:
1331:
1326:
1322:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1260:
1256:
1253:
1249:
1248:
1243:
1240:
1236:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1187:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1150:
1148:
1143:
1139:
1129:
1127:
1122:
1118:
1104:
1102:
1099:in a funeral
1098:
1092:
1087:
1085:
1084:
1078:
1073:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1035:
1029:
1024:
1022:
1016:
1011:
1009:
1004:
999:
993:
988:
978:
973:
968:
963:
955:
953:
945:
941:
937:
933:
932:Ramdas Gandhi
929:
915:
913:
909:
905:
900:
898:
893:
891:
884:
874:
872:
868:
849:
842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
827:
823:
820:
816:
813:
810:
807:
804:
800:
797:
796:
795:
787:
785:
780:
778:
774:
764:
757:
753:
749:
744:
732:
727:
723:
722:
717:
714:
710:
706:
702:
700:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
666:
665:
656:
643:
641:
638:According to
636:
632:
629:
625:
622:
619:According to
617:
615:
611:
606:
604:
596:Other reports
593:
591:
585:
583:
580:the hands of
576:
571:
566:
560:
555:
551:
545:
542:According to
540:
538:
534:
530:
524:
514:
512:
511:
510:Bhagavad Gita
503:
483:
471:
467:
465:
456:
452:
451:
450:Bhagavad Gita
446:
442:
438:
434:
433:peace mission
419:
417:
412:
403:
400:
396:
392:
382:
380:
376:
373:
369:
364:
357:
352:
350:
349:British India
346:
342:
338:
333:
331:
327:
322:
320:
316:
311:
309:
299:
297:
293:
289:
285:
284:Ramdas Gandhi
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
260:
258:
252:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
221:Gandhi Smriti
218:
209:
206:
201:
197:
193:
189:
186:
182:
176:
172:
169:
159:
155:
152:
148:
144:
140:
137:
134:
131:
127:
124:
120:
116:
115:Assassination
113:
107:
104:
101:
97:
93:
87:
83:
80:
76:
73:
69:
64:
63:Gandhi Smriti
60:
54:
49:
44:
41:
37:
33:
19:
6940:77°12′49.4″E
6937:28°36′04.6″N
6930:
6915:Hindutva pop
6884:
6854:B. S. Moonje
6849:Savitri Devi
6769:L. K. Advani
6596:Sri Ram Sena
6363:Kirti Mandir
6282:Martyrs' Day
6189:Johannesburg
6131:Vinoba Bhave
6116:Ramjee Singh
6076:Maulana Azad
6051:James Lawson
5915:Devdas (son)
5910:Ramdas (son)
5866:Indian rupee
5804:Abbas Tyabji
5679:Vinoba Bhave
5595:
5552:
5546:
5504:
5492:
5443:
5435:
5428:
5421:
5415:
5408:
5400:Publications
5316:
5211:Purna Swaraj
5176:Tolstoy Farm
5052:
5048:
5037:
5019:
4998:
4969:
4965:
4958:
4935:
4923:, retrieved
4914:
4899:, retrieved
4879:
4868:
4842:, retrieved
4833:
4818:, retrieved
4798:
4784:
4757:
4743:, retrieved
4733:
4713:
4692:
4666:
4647:
4627:
4607:
4581:
4577:
4559:
4548:the original
4539:
4527:, retrieved
4517:
4497:
4485:, retrieved
4465:
4445:
4425:
4408:
4389:
4366:
4346:
4326:
4314:, retrieved
4294:
4274:
4262:, retrieved
4242:
4230:, retrieved
4220:
4200:
4180:
4160:
4136:
4116:
4109:
4097:
4070:
4043:. Retrieved
4029:
4016:
4004:. Retrieved
3968:
3961:
3934:
3899:(1): 57–80.
3896:
3890:
3880:
3865:
3857:
3837:
3830:
3821:
3815:
3803:. Retrieved
3794:
3784:
3773:, retrieved
3763:
3757:
3747:
3740:
3720:
3713:
3702:, retrieved
3682:
3675:
3664:, retrieved
3644:
3637:
3626:, retrieved
3616:
3609:
3598:, retrieved
3578:
3571:
3561:25 September
3559:. Retrieved
3550:
3541:
3530:, retrieved
3510:
3485:, retrieved
3465:
3429:
3422:
3410:
3398:. Retrieved
3394:
3385:
3373:. Retrieved
3364:
3355:
3343:
3331:
3319:. Retrieved
3310:
3301:
3289:. Retrieved
3274:
3262:. Retrieved
3248:
3236:
3224:
3212:
3185:
3173:
3161:
3134:. Retrieved
3124:
3117:
3097:
3090:
3070:
3063:
3051:
3039:. Retrieved
3024:
3012:. Retrieved
2998:
2978:
2971:
2933:
2927:
2915:
2895:
2888:
2876:. Retrieved
2856:
2849:
2829:
2822:
2810:
2805:, p. 5.
2798:
2778:
2771:
2751:
2744:
2724:
2717:
2705:
2693:
2628:
2621:
2616:, p. ?.
2609:
2589:
2559:
2554:
2536:
2531:
2524:
2517:
2499:
2494:
2490:
2478:
2466:
2454:
2434:
2427:
2406:
2379:
2360:
2353:
2341:
2329:
2287:
2275:
2268:Stimson 1948
2221:Stimson 1948
2216:
2207:
2200:. Retrieved
2191:
2190:. Obituary.
2166:, retrieved
2157:
2148:
2121:
2109:
2082:
2070:
2058:
2046:
2034:
2022:
2009:
2000:
1980:
1948:
1918:
1897:, retrieved
1877:
1857:
1850:
1832:
1825:
1805:
1775:
1768:
1763:, p. 2.
1741:
1729:. Retrieved
1714:
1604:The Guardian
1603:
1571:
1546:
1539:. Retrieved
1519:
1512:
1500:
1469:
1449:
1440:
1425:
1414:
1404:
1400:
1392:
1386:
1380:
1374:
1368:
1364:
1358:
1354:
1348:
1344:
1329:
1325:
1281:
1272:Kamal Haasan
1262:(2000) is a
1257:
1252:Harsh Nayyar
1245:
1238:
1229:
1217:
1211:
1203:
1199:
1194:
1184:
1180:
1151:
1135:
1110:
1094:
1089:
1081:
1080:
1075:
1068:
1063:
1056:
1051:
1044:
1039:
1031:
1026:
1018:
1013:
1006:
1001:
997:
975:
970:
965:
961:
951:
921:
907:
901:
894:
886:
855:
846:
809:Narayan Apte
793:
781:
770:
761:
730:
719:
693:
662:
649:
637:
633:
626:
621:The Guardian
620:
618:
614:The Guardian
613:
610:The Guardian
609:
607:
599:
587:
578:
573:
568:
558:
556:
552:
541:
536:
526:
508:
505:
485:
472:
468:
454:
448:
444:
430:
404:
388:
365:
353:
334:
323:
312:
305:
302:Preparations
268:Narayan Apte
261:
253:
215:
158:Narayan Apte
150:Perpetrators
62:
40:
6952: /
6819:Kamal Thapa
6566:Bajrang Dal
6383:Mani Bhavan
6265:Observances
6126:Sane Guruji
6046:James Bevel
6041:Ho Chi Minh
5709:Kanu Gandhi
5654:Swami Anand
5543:Leo Tolstoy
5533:John Ruskin
5487:nonviolence
5444:Young India
5385:Eleven vows
5353:trusteeship
5162:Life events
4820:22 November
4802:, Penguin,
4521:, Outlook,
4151:Works cited
4102:Hansen 1999
3704:29 November
3666:29 November
3628:29 November
3600:29 November
3487:22 November
3348:Khosla 1965
3336:Khosla 1965
3321:18 November
3283:. Mid-Day.
3241:Khosla 1965
3229:Khosla 1965
3217:Khosla 1965
3205:Khosla 1965
3190:Khosla 1965
3178:Khosla 1965
3166:Khosla 1965
3154:Khosla 1965
2815:McLain 2007
2803:Doeden 2013
2710:Sheean 1949
2698:Sheean 1949
2686:Sheean 1949
2656:Sheean 1949
2614:Khosla 1965
2527:Doeden 2013
2520:McLain 2007
2483:Kapoor 2014
2399:Singer 1953
2346:Kapoor 2014
2245:Kapoor 2014
2141:Gandhi 1962
2126:Gandhi 1962
2114:Gandhi 1962
2102:Gandhi 1962
2087:Gandhi 1962
2075:Gandhi 1962
2063:Gandhi 1962
2051:Gandhi 1962
2039:Gandhi 1962
2027:Gandhi 1962
1899:29 November
1680:Gandhi 2006
1576:Mallot 2012
1505:Hansen 1999
1171:Hindu Right
1153:Yasmin Khan
944:Ambala Gaol
890:Ashis Nandy
841:Gopal Godse
771:Along with
756:Gopal Godse
640:Ashis Nandy
590:K. L. Gauba
441:Kanu Gandhi
395:Birla House
391:Gole Market
326:East Punjab
296:Ambala jail
276:commutation
237:Maharashtra
184:Convictions
168:Gopal Godse
110:Attack type
59:Birla House
6967:Categories
6859:Uma Bharti
6829:Ram Madhav
6678:Siva Senai
6668:Banga Sena
6591:Hindu Sena
6561:Karni Sena
6526:Arya Samaj
6323:Bookstores
6121:Steve Biko
5996:Abhay Bang
5979:Influenced
5835:Gandhigiri
5674:Sarla Behn
5647:Associates
5591:Tirukkuṛaḷ
5469:Influences
5390:Gandhi cap
5370:Satyagraha
5326:Philosophy
5270:Quit India
5260:Poona Pact
5223:Salt March
4844:27 January
4224:, dailyO,
4075:Spear 1990
4063:Spear 1990
4031:core.ac.uk
3953:2021940610
3775:29 January
3375:30 January
2964:Godse 1948
2471:Gauba 1969
2334:Gauba 1969
2241:Gauba 1969
2202:27 January
1731:30 January
1312:References
1158:duumvirate
992:India Gate
918:Executions
881:See also:
565:31, 1948:
145:1 (Gandhi)
6834:Amit Shah
6536:Shiv Sena
6234:Milwaukee
6179:New Delhi
6146:Memorials
5365:Sarvodaya
5360:Education
5348:Economics
5307:Sevagram)
5297:Sabarmati
5255:Padayatra
5071:144894540
4796:(1990) ,
4776:946610148
4598:145658881
4487:25 August
4376:255372054
4316:31 August
3996:211394653
3915:144894540
3795:The Hindu
3415:Nash 1981
3400:25 August
1612:0261-3077
1541:31 August
1493:Nash 1981
1461:Citations
1317:Footnotes
1235:elections
1132:Aftermath
1046:Leo Amery
1021:Jan Smuts
670:partition
308:Panchgani
225:New Delhi
75:New Delhi
6661:Overseas
6478:Hindutva
6398:Raj Ghat
6249:San Jose
6239:New York
5744:Mirabehn
5566:Pacifism
5523:Hinduism
5375:Swadeshi
5343:Gandhism
5114:Archived
5101:Archived
5090:Archived
4919:archived
4895:archived
4853:citation
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4756:(1949),
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4690:(2015).
4674:citation
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4310:archived
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4000:Archived
3799:Archived
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3767:, 1948,
3698:archived
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3526:archived
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1616:Archived
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1295:See also
1191:In media
1097:cremated
982:Tributes
826:rickshaw
790:Arrested
709:Pakistan
437:Noakhali
315:Sevagram
241:Hindutva
195:Sentence
123:shooting
71:Location
6692:Defunct
6683:HINDRAF
6229:Houston
6154:Statues
5576:Shravan
5518:Fasting
5507:(essay)
5409:Harijan
5087:in Urdu
4925:11 July
4901:19 July
4745:11 July
4529:13 July
4264:12 July
4232:11 July
4045:20 July
4006:20 July
3291:18 June
3264:30 July
3041:18 June
3014:18 June
2415:Beretta
2168:22 July
1415:Quote 2
1405:Quote 1
1393:Quote 7
1387:Quote 6
1381:Quote 5
1375:Quote 4
1365:Quote 3
1355:Quote 2
1349:Quote 1
1259:Hey Ram
1072:wrote:
994:, Delhi
867:hanging
659:Motives
455:Harijan
372:Beretta
231:, from
174:Accused
129:Weapons
90:17:17 (
6732:People
6224:Denver
6165:India
5882:Family
5823:Legacy
5561:Narmad
5483:Ahimsa
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3805:4 July
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6509:India
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6161:Ghana
5528:Khadi
5067:S2CID
4594:S2CID
4551:(PDF)
4544:(PDF)
4039:(PDF)
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3992:S2CID
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1357:: In
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946:on 15
680:) in
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646:Death
533:Delhi
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61:(now
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5096:and
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