281:
765:
Ministers, to be able to tell the public that the freedom for which the
Congress has started the movement, already belongs to the representatives of the people. In some spheres, it might be limited during the emergency. Indians have to trust the British, not for the sake for Britain, not for any advantage that the British might gain, but for the maintenance of the defence and freedom of the province itself. You, as Governor, will function as the constitutional head of the province and will be guided entirely on the advice of your Minister.
670:, decimating the Hindu Mahasabha. However, in 1939, the Congress ministries resigned in protest against Viceroy Lord Linlithgow's action of declaring India to be a belligerent in the Second World War without consulting the Indian people. This led to the Hindu Mahasabha joining hands with the Muslim League and other parties to form governments, in certain provinces. Such coalition governments were formed in Sindh, NWFP, and Bengal.
295:
1728:
1626:
1313:
1281:
1156:
1093:
1061:
1029:
38:
1661:
1531:
1500:
1469:
1438:
1407:
1376:
1345:
1250:
1219:
1188:
1125:
620:. In the aftermath, it was part of the all-party committee, which came out with the Nehru Report. However, it did not accept the Report as according to Mahasabha, it gave too many concessions to Muslims. Similarly, when Mahatma Gandhi observed a fast against the Communal Award, Mahasabha worked with Gandhi and other parties to ensure
751:
Let me now refer to the situation that may be created in the province as a result of any widespread movement launched by the
Congress. Anybody, who during the war, plans to stir up mass feeling, resulting in internal disturbances or insecurity, must be resisted by any Government that may function for
535:
A formal move to establish an umbrella All-India Hindu Sabha was made at the
Allahabad session of Congress in 1910. A committee headed by Lala Baij Nath was set up to draw a constitution, but it did not make much progress. Another conference of Hindu leaders in Allahabad also took the initial step to
777:
Syama Prasad ended the letter with a discussion of the mass movement organised by the
Congress. He expressed the apprehension that the movement would create internal disorder and will endanger internal security during the war by exciting popular feeling and he opined that any government in power has
689:
In March 1943, Sindh
Government became the first Provincial Assembly of the sub-continent to pass an official resolution in favour of the creation of Pakistan. Despite the Hindu Mahasabha's avowed public opposition to any territorial division of India, the Mahasabha Ministers of the Sindh government
511:
In 1909, Lal Chand and U.N. Mukerji established the Punjab Hindu Sabha ("Punjab Hindu
Assembly"). The Sabha stated that it was not a sectarian organisation, but an "all-embracing movement" that aimed to safeguard the interests of "the entire Hindu community". On 21–22 October 1909, it organised the
959:
to restrict their growing population in India, which she considered a threat to Hindus. She declared: "The population of
Muslims and Christians is growing day by day. To rein in this, Union will have to impose emergency, and Muslims and Christians will have to be forced to undergo sterilization so
764:
The question is how to combat this movement (Quit India) in Bengal? The administration of the province should be carried on in such a manner that in spite of the best efforts of the
Congress, this movement will fail to take root in the province. It should be possible for us, especially responsible
967:
government to give legal and administrative protection to the Hindus who attack churches. He justified his claim by saying that churches were only conversion factories. Shukla also promised the
Mahasabha would give protection and awards to those who marry Muslim girls and attack churches. He also
821:
were identified as prominent members of the Hindu
Mahasabha. Along with them, police arrested Savarkar, who was suspected of being the mastermind behind the plot. While the trial resulted in convictions and judgments against the others, Savarkar was released due to lack of evidence. The Kapur
516:
for failing to defend Hindu interests and called for the promotion of Hindu-centered politics. In this conference, Sabha leaders strongly proposed that Hindus need a separate nation and that Muslims should not be given any rights in that nation. The Sabha organised five more annual provincial
481:, the division of the province of Bengal was into two new provinces of East Bengal and Assam, as well as Bengal. The new province of Bengal had a Hindu majority, the province of East Bengal and Assam was mostly Muslim. The British administration justified the division for religious reasons.
345:
603:
who chaired the special Congress session of 1920 held at Lahore which gave the call for non-cooperation. Under Malaviya, the Mahasabha campaigned for Hindu political unity, for the education and economic development of Hindus as well as for the conversion of Muslims to Hinduism.
575:
on the model of the Indian National Congress. Presided over by Manindra Chandra Nandi, it amended its constitution to remove the clause about loyalty to the British and added a clause committing the organisation to a "united and self-governing" Indian nation.
732:", in which he instructed Hindu Sabhaites who happened to be "members of municipalities, local bodies, legislatures or those serving in the army...to stick to their posts" across the country, and not to join the Quit India Movement at any cost.
2267:
3164:
536:
establish an All India Hindu Sabha in 1910, but this organisation did not become operational due to factional strife. On 8 December 1913, the Punjab Hindu Sabha passed a resolution to create an All India Hindu Sabha at its
3194:
356:(seated fourth from right, second row) came to address the State-level Hindu Mahasabha conference. The late Bhoopalam Chandrashekariah, president of the Hindu Mahasabha State unit, is seated to Savarkar's left.
3139:
2259:
524:
was a precursor for the formation of the All India Hindu Sabha. Over the next few years, several such Hindu Sabhas were established outside Punjab, including in United Provinces, Bihar, Bengal,
2912:
747:), wrote a letter to the British Government as to how they should respond, if the Congress gave a call to the British rulers to Quit India. In this letter, dated July 26, 1942, he wrote:
3037:
2950:
685:
Witness the fact that only recently in Sind, the Sind-Hindu-Sabha on invitation had taken the responsibility of joining hands with the League itself in running coalition government...
3172:
963:
In April 2015, the general secretary of the Hindu Mahasabha Munna Kumar Shukla claimed that it is not illegal to attack a church and it does not violate any law. He requested the
616:
against British rule in India. However, it became part of the movement on its conditions and with regards to protecting the interests of the Hindus. For example, it boycotted the
3068:
778:
to suppress it, but that according to him could not be done only by persecution... In that letter, he mentioned item-wise the steps to be taken for dealing with the situation...
3007:
3233:
2212:
2973:
756:
Mookerjee in this letter reiterated that the Fazlul Haq led Bengal Government, along with its alliance partner Hindu Mahasabha would make every possible effort to defeat the
564:
were also present at the conference and were supportive of the formation of All India Hindu Sabha. The Sabha emphasized Hindu solidarity and the need for social reform.
4257:
3186:
3131:
2589:
Asian Societies in Comparative Perspective: Papers Presented at the 7th Annual Conference of the Nordic Association for Southeast Asian Studies, Møn, Denmark, 1990
859:) for release on the death anniversary of Gandhi on 30 January 2015. There were attempts to build a temple for Nathuram Godse and to celebrate 30 January as a
879:, Mysuru, along with comments about killing Mahatma Gandhi. For these threats, he and two other associates, Rajesh Pavitran and Prem Poolali, were arrested.
4377:
4790:
596:
4128:
2871:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1712:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1645:
1610:
2896:
478:
4976:
4302:
3090:
3029:
917:
was very critical of the Indian caste system and untouchability, and among the social institutions, he saw it as the greatest curse of India.
3689:
3659:
3611:
3581:
3551:
3521:
3413:
3383:
3353:
3323:
3293:
3263:
3473:
3443:
2934:
4685:
4585:
1907:
1876:
1845:
1814:
1804:
1773:
4956:
4825:
4540:
1951:
871:
In September 2021, the state general secretary for Hindu Mahasabha in Karnataka, Dharmendra, threatened to kill Karnataka Chief Minister
4921:
2244:
3060:
4053:
2999:
887:
Although the Hindu Mahasabha did not call for the exclusion of other religious communities from government, it identified India as a
3217:
2219:
4795:
4645:
4392:
4382:
4197:
847:'s rise to power, the Hindu Mahasabha continued attempts to rehabilitate and portray him as a patriot. It requested Prime Minister
560:(All India) Hindu Sabha was formed as an umbrella organisation of regional Hindu Sabhas, at the Kumbh Mela in Haridwar. Gandhi and
4971:
4292:
4277:
3719:
3823:
3797:
3771:
3745:
4941:
4936:
4730:
4207:
4121:
4916:
4680:
4487:
4477:
4422:
4297:
4042:
3993:
2842:
2800:
2758:
2714:
2651:
2624:
2597:
2571:
2544:
2484:
2330:
2303:
222:
2848:
2490:
4991:
4986:
4946:
4785:
4996:
4981:
4467:
237:
4855:
4800:
4515:
4176:
4166:
4137:
4081:
3954:
3871:
1941:
328:
4845:
4815:
4472:
4222:
4114:
2687:
4931:
4860:
4820:
4810:
4262:
667:
4926:
4735:
4650:
4342:
1010:
788:
429:
826:
All these facts taken together were destructive of any theory other than the conspiracy to murder (of Gandhiji).
4830:
4655:
4520:
4482:
4387:
4352:
2280:
Other parties were happier with what they got – the Hindu Mahasabha had a suitably aggressive horse and rider..
969:
540:
session. The Conference proposed holding a general conference of Hindu leaders from all over India during 1915
2292:
McDermott, Rachel Fell; Gordon, Leonard A.; Embree, Ainslie T.; Pritchett, Frances W.; Dalton, Dennis (2014).
4875:
4705:
4550:
4530:
4402:
3165:"Hindu Mahasabha leader calls for forced sterilisation of Muslims, Christians to restrict growing population"
697:
of the Muslim League to form a government in 1943. The Mahasabha member of the cabinet was Finance Minister
440:, the Mahasabha's fortunes diminished in post-Independence Indian politics, and it was soon eclipsed by the
4640:
4217:
1543:
1512:
1481:
1450:
1419:
1388:
1357:
1326:
1294:
1262:
1231:
1200:
1169:
1137:
1106:
1074:
1042:
964:
613:
180:
111:
4740:
4590:
4327:
4014:
1956:
728:, the president of the Hindu Mahasabha at that time, even went to the extent of writing a letter titled "
678:
525:
417:("Hinduness") and became a fierce opponent of the western, secular nationalism espoused by the Congress.
4961:
4525:
4497:
4412:
4372:
4347:
4287:
4247:
3900:
902:
520:
The development of the broad civic framework for Hindu unity that started in the early 20th century in
474:
579:
Amongst the Mahasabha's early leaders were the prominent nationalists, educationalists and four-time
4755:
4665:
4630:
4600:
4560:
4417:
4407:
4267:
739:, leader of the Hindu Mahasabha in Bengal (which was a part of the ruling coalition in Bengal led by
654:. The Mahasabha officially abstained from participating in the Civil Disobedience Movement of 1930.
4951:
4850:
4700:
4452:
4252:
4171:
930:
914:
725:
663:
588:
580:
513:
497:
410:
406:
353:
94:
3681:
3651:
3633:
3603:
3573:
3543:
3513:
3405:
3375:
3345:
3315:
3285:
3255:
4890:
4885:
4695:
4570:
4492:
4447:
4282:
4212:
3495:
3465:
3435:
485:
425:
863:("Bravery Day"). A civil suit was filed in Pune Court asking for a ban on the documentary film.
4895:
4880:
4865:
4840:
4780:
4635:
4620:
4605:
4565:
4367:
4332:
4237:
4202:
4161:
3881:
Gordon, Richard (2008) . "The Hindu Mahasabha and the Indian National Congress, 1915 to 1926".
2679:
1946:
844:
736:
712:
in December 1941. Savarkar appreciated the successful functioning of the coalition government.
694:
2704:
2641:
2587:
2534:
2320:
2293:
4760:
4750:
4715:
4615:
4580:
4545:
2790:
2748:
2614:
2561:
906:
521:
132:
556:(13 February 1915), Lucknow (17 February 1915) and Delhi (27 February 1915). In April 1915,
4775:
4660:
4397:
4322:
4312:
4010:
3940:
3883:
956:
584:
473:
Local forerunners of the Hindu Mahasabha emerged in connection with the disputes after the
441:
136:
48:
8:
4725:
4690:
4555:
4535:
4432:
4362:
4357:
4337:
4317:
4227:
4156:
3819:
3793:
3767:
3741:
757:
740:
721:
705:
541:
424:, the Mahasabha supported the British war effort and briefly entered coalitions with the
391:
280:
153:
140:
128:
2116:
Misra, Amalendu (1999). "Savarkar and the Discourse on Islam in Pre-Independent India".
947:
In 2015, Vice President of All India Hindu Mahasabha, VP Sadhvi Deva Thakur stated that
4610:
4575:
4457:
4232:
3928:
3920:
2672:
2260:"Congress: History of election symbols: How they still help to connect with the masses"
651:
561:
333:
157:
147:
3711:
735:
Following the Hindu Mahasabha's official decision to boycott the Quit India movement,
4966:
4870:
4835:
4765:
4462:
4272:
4077:
4038:
3989:
3950:
3932:
3912:
3867:
3225:
2974:"Controversy erupts over depiction of Mahatma Gandhi as demon in Kolkata puja pandal"
2942:
2904:
2838:
2796:
2754:
2710:
2683:
2647:
2620:
2593:
2567:
2540:
2480:
2326:
2299:
2238:
698:
529:
380:
323:
120:
3985:
4710:
3981:
3904:
3851:
Hindu Mahasabha in Colonial North India, 1915-1930: Constructing Nation and History
3132:"Muslims, Christians should be forcibly sterilisation, says Hindu Mahasabha leader"
872:
839:
to be a "real forgotten hero" of the independence struggle of India and criticises
617:
173:
124:
394:, the Mahasabha functioned mainly as a pressure group advocating the interests of
4675:
4670:
4595:
4442:
4427:
4307:
4242:
4151:
3977:
3965:
3944:
3849:
2832:
2474:
2197:
592:
3112:
2873:
Report of Commission of Inquiry into Conspiracy to Murder Mahatma Gandhi (1969)
1548:
1517:
1486:
1455:
1424:
1393:
1362:
1331:
1299:
910:
856:
840:
836:
818:
814:
802:
794:
693:
In the North West Frontier Province, Hindu Mahasabha members joined hands with
644:
504:
leaders coming together to create an organisation to protect the rights of the
437:
433:
3908:
4910:
4625:
4106:
3916:
3896:
3859:
3229:
2946:
2908:
1961:
1603:
1267:
1236:
1205:
1174:
1142:
1111:
1079:
1047:
1015:
935:
889:
848:
770:
489:
395:
4805:
4745:
2667:
810:
648:
631:
which recruited for the British Indian armed forces to help the British in
421:
3091:""We Didn't Spare Gandhi": Hindu Leader Arrested Over Threat In Karnataka"
690:
did not resign, rather they simply "contented themselves with a protest".
806:
632:
402:
207:
2040:
Secularism, Decolonisation, and the Cold War in South and Southeast Asia
843:
for not having prevented the partition of India. In 2014, following the
456:("Pan-Country Hindu Assembly"). In 1921, it changed to the present name
4770:
4192:
4054:"Hindu Mahasabha head speaks to FP: Godse was a 'martyr' and 'patriot'"
3000:"Hindu Mahasabha head speaks to FP: Godse was a 'martyr' and 'patriot'"
948:
894:
760:
in the province of Bengal and made a concrete proposal as regards this:
744:
709:
621:
409:. In the 1930s, it emerged as a distinct party under the leadership of
3924:
4720:
4437:
3973:
3892:
3863:
1766:
876:
851:
to install the bust of Nathuram Godse. It created a documentary film
192:
104:
2295:
Sources of Indian Traditions: Modern India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh
2167:
Men, Masculinities and Religious Change in Twentieth-Century Britain
600:
929:, a Hindu nationalist ideology developed by its pre-eminent leader
926:
898:
624:
was signed and Depressed Classes were given a fair representation.
553:
414:
116:
2195:
Luce, Henry Robinson (17 October 1949). "INDIA: Anchor for Asia".
2044:
The Hindu Mahasabha, a far-right Hindu nationalist political party
344:
294:
2788:
2746:
2612:
952:
349:
4072:
Mukherjee, Aditya; Mukherjee, Mridula; Mahajan, Sucheta (2008).
3855:
913:, and used to organize all caste dinners in Nagpur and Kanpur.
552:
Preparatory sessions of the All India Hindu Sabha were held at
537:
505:
493:
398:
2291:
798:
674:
501:
384:
3187:"Bishops seek end to provocative remarks against Christians"
37:
2476:
Divine Enterprise: Gurus and the Hindu Nationalist Movement
2643:
Religious Dimensions of Indian Nationalism: A Study of RSS
2536:
Religious Dimensions of Indian Nationalism: A Study of RSS
428:
in provincial and central legislative councils. After the
4071:
657:
512:
Punjab Provincial Hindu Conference, which criticised the
251:
Number of states and union territories in government
2399:
2397:
2395:
2393:
612:
The Hindu Mahasabha did not unconditionally support the
3968:; Sherma, Rita D.; Jain, Pankai; Khanna, Madhu (eds.).
2897:"Hindu Mahasabha launches a website for Nathuram Godse"
2674:
The jan Sangh: A biography of an Indian Political Party
2409:
308:
4258:
Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation
4099:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2563:
A Time of Transition: Rajiv Gandhi to the 21st Century
1564:
830:
627:
Hindu Mahasabha under Savarkar's leadership organized
2876:. South Asia Citizens Web (www.sacw.net). p. 303
2456:
2454:
2390:
2356:
2354:
2339:
681:'s Muslim League government. In Savarkar's own words:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1994:
968:
said that the Taj Mahal would meet the same fate as
720:
The Hindu Mahasabha openly opposed the call for the
4791:
Revolutionary Socialist Party of Kerala (Bolshevik)
3126:
3124:
2723:
2519:. Maharashtra Prantik Hindusabha. pp. 479–480.
2285:
1761:Hindu Mahasabha contested but didn't win any seats
1707:Hindu Mahasabha contested but didn't win any seats
647:, the Congress led several nationwide campaigns of
4074:RSS, School Texts and the Murder of Mahatma Gandhi
2671:
2559:
2451:
2421:
2378:
2351:
797:shot Mahatma Gandhi three times and killed him in
782:
2366:
2016:
1991:
980:
4908:
4871:Tipraha Indigenous Progressive Regional Alliance
4378:Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar
3964:Jha, Mithilesh K. (2018). "Hindu Mahasabha". In
3121:
2935:"Hindu Mahasabha pays tribute to Nathuram Godse"
2312:
984:
893:("Hindu Nation") and believed in the primacy of
2972:Chattopadhyay, Suhrid Sankar (3 October 2022).
2510:
2508:
925:The Hindu Mahasabha promotes the principles of
875:over the demolition of an unlicensed temple in
607:
4136:
3712:"Party-wise list of members of 17th Lok Sabha"
3682:"Party-wise list of members of 16th Lok Sabha"
3652:"Party-wise list of members of 15th Lok Sabha"
3634:"Party-wise list of members of 14th Lok Sabha"
3604:"Party-wise list of members of 13th Lok Sabha"
3574:"Party-wise list of members of 12th Lok Sabha"
3544:"Party-wise list of members of 11th Lok Sabha"
3514:"Party-wise list of members of 10th Lok Sabha"
2201:. Vol. 54. Time Incorporated. p. 33.
638:
4122:
4100:Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha official website
3496:"Party-wise list of members of 9th Lok Sabha"
3466:"Party-wise list of members of 8th Lok Sabha"
3436:"Party-wise list of members of 7th Lok Sabha"
3406:"Party-wise list of members of 6th Lok Sabha"
3376:"Party-wise list of members of 5th Lok Sabha"
3346:"Party-wise list of members of 4th Lok Sabha"
3316:"Party-wise list of members of 3rd Lok Sabha"
3286:"Party-wise list of members of 2nd Lok Sabha"
3256:"Party-wise list of members of 1st Lok Sabha"
2971:
2767:
2639:
2532:
2257:
4686:Khun Hynniewtrep National Awakening Movement
4586:Democratic Socialist Party (Prabodh Chandra)
3106:
3104:
3061:"Pune court to hear suit against Godse film"
2809:
2702:
2678:. University of Pennsylvania Press. p.
2505:
2318:
2298:. Columbia University Press. pp. 439–.
1569:
4826:Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
4541:Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
4303:Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party
2479:. University of Chicago Press. p. 72.
2179:
1952:List of Hindu nationalist political parties
364:
4129:
4115:
3218:"Church attacks not illegal: Hindu outfit"
3159:
3157:
2789:Abdul Gafoor Abdul Majeed Noorani (2000).
2747:Abdul Gafoor Abdul Majeed Noorani (2000).
2709:. Pearson Education India. pp. 349–.
2660:
2613:Abdul Gafoor Abdul Majeed Noorani (2000).
2149:
2134:
293:
36:
16:Hindu nationalist political party in India
4009:
3939:
3101:
2991:
2869:
2830:
2792:The RSS and the BJP: A Division of Labour
2750:The RSS and the BJP: A Division of Labour
2616:The RSS and the BJP: A Division of Labour
2553:
2528:
2526:
2415:
2184:. Columbia University Press. p. 159.
2085:
2033:
2031:
960:that they can't increase their numbers".
905:. The Hindu Mahasabha was opposed to the
477:in British India. Under the then viceroy
4796:Revolutionary Socialist Party (Leninist)
4383:Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party
4198:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
4033:Jha, Krishna; Jha, Dhirendra K. (2012).
3030:"Hindu Mahasabha announces Godse temple"
2815:
2782:
2740:
2606:
2514:
942:
866:
567:At its sixth session in April 1921, the
343:
3193:. Press Trust of India. 24 April 2015.
3154:
2820:. Oxford University Press. p. 179.
2778:. Oxford University Press. p. 179.
2055:
452:The organisation was originally called
4909:
4731:Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
4443:Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)
4208:All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
4032:
3946:Religion, Caste, and Politics in India
3880:
2773:
2696:
2666:
2633:
2523:
2472:
2251:
2243:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2088:Religion, Caste, and Politics in India
2070:
2028:
715:
708:led Progressive Coalition ministry of
704:In Bengal, Hindu Mahasabha joined the
658:Alliance with Muslim League and others
4977:Political parties established in 1915
4681:Karnataka Pragnyavantha Janatha Party
4646:Jammu and Kashmir People's Conference
4488:Yuvajana Sramika Rythu Congress Party
4298:Jammu and Kashmir National Conference
4110:
4051:
3722:from the original on 17 November 2020
3142:from the original on 14 November 2017
3010:from the original on 21 December 2014
2997:
2953:from the original on 11 November 2022
2915:from the original on 11 November 2022
2566:. Penguin Books India. pp. 75–.
2560:Mani Shankar Aiyar (1 January 2009).
2493:from the original on 15 February 2017
2164:
2115:
1978:
1976:
4786:Republican Party of India (Athawale)
4691:Kerala Congress (Balakrishna Pillai)
4293:Indigenous People's Front of Tripura
4278:Hill State People's Democratic Party
4052:Ghose, Debobrat (21 December 2014).
3972:. Encyclopedia of Indian Religions.
3847:
3826:from the original on 27 October 2021
3800:from the original on 22 October 2019
3692:from the original on 26 October 2020
3662:from the original on 31 October 2020
3614:from the original on 6 December 2020
3584:from the original on 22 October 2020
3554:from the original on 31 October 2020
3524:from the original on 6 November 2020
3476:from the original on 7 November 2020
3446:from the original on 5 November 2020
3416:from the original on 6 December 2020
3386:from the original on 7 November 2020
3326:from the original on 31 October 2020
3266:from the original on 31 October 2020
3236:from the original on 17 October 2021
3110:
3040:from the original on 1 December 2017
2998:Ghose, Debobrat (21 December 2014).
2851:from the original on 30 January 2024
2734:
2460:
2427:
2403:
2384:
2372:
2360:
2345:
2270:from the original on 18 October 2021
2194:
2100:
2022:
975:
933:. The Mahasabha identifies India as
801:. Godse and his fellow conspirators
460:("All-India Hindu Grand Assembly").
3963:
3356:from the original on 1 October 2020
3296:from the original on 1 October 2020
3215:
3058:
2894:
2592:. NIAS Press. 1991. pp. 800–.
2322:A Survey of Hinduism: First Edition
2037:
2010:
1982:
1565:Electoral history in State Election
831:Attempts at rehabilitation of Godse
13:
4957:Hindu organisations based in India
4856:Tamizhaga Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam
4801:Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)
4516:Ahila India Naadalum Makkal Katchi
4167:Communist Party of India (Marxist)
4003:
3774:from the original on 12 April 2023
3197:from the original on 23 April 2022
3071:from the original on 18 March 2020
2895:Ali, Mohammad (15 November 2015).
2515:Savarkar, Vinayak Damodar (1963).
2258:Vikram Doctor (18 November 2013).
1973:
1942:List of political parties in India
492:government's creation of separate
14:
5008:
4922:Anti-Christian sentiment in India
4846:Tamil Maanila Congress (Moopanar)
4223:All India United Democratic Front
4091:
3748:from the original on 2 March 2020
2816:Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra (1978).
677:, Hindu Mahasabha members joined
4861:Tamizhaga Murpokku Makkal Katchi
4821:Social Democratic Party of India
4811:Shiromani Akali Dal (Democratic)
4263:Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam
2795:. LeftWord Books. pp. 57–.
2753:. LeftWord Books. pp. 56–.
2619:. LeftWord Books. pp. 59–.
2517:Collected Works of V.d. Savarkar
1727:
1726:
1659:
1625:
1624:
1529:
1498:
1467:
1436:
1405:
1374:
1343:
1312:
1311:
1280:
1279:
1248:
1217:
1186:
1155:
1154:
1123:
1092:
1091:
1060:
1059:
1028:
1027:
668:1937 Indian provincial elections
547:
279:
4736:Marxist Co-ordination Committee
4651:Jammu and Kashmir Workers Party
4343:Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)
4328:Janta Congress Chhattisgarh (J)
3986:10.1007/978-94-024-1036-5_490-1
3812:
3786:
3760:
3734:
3704:
3674:
3644:
3626:
3596:
3566:
3536:
3506:
3488:
3458:
3428:
3398:
3368:
3338:
3308:
3278:
3248:
3216:Ali, Mohammad (22 April 2015).
3209:
3179:
3083:
3052:
3022:
2965:
2927:
2888:
2863:
2824:
2580:
2466:
2442:
2433:
2319:Klostermaier, Klaus K. (1989).
2205:
2188:
2173:
2158:
2154:. Lexington Books. p. 125.
2143:
2128:
2060:. Allyn and Bacon. p. 601.
789:Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi
783:Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi
458:Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha
413:, who developed the concept of
168:
4972:Indian Hindu political parties
4831:Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party
4816:Sikkim National People's Party
4656:Jan Adhikar Party (Loktantrik)
4521:All India Rajakulathor Peravai
4483:Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi
4473:United People's Party, Liberal
4353:Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party
2837:. Roli Books Private Limited.
2646:. Media House. pp. 313–.
2539:. Media House. pp. 213–.
2135:Chatterjee, Nirmal C. (1959).
2109:
2094:
2086:Jaffrelot, Christophe (2010).
2079:
2064:
2049:
1660:
1530:
1499:
1468:
1437:
1406:
1375:
1344:
1249:
1218:
1187:
1124:
981:Electoral history in Lok Sabha
835:The Hindu Mahasabha considers
468:
436:by a Hindu Mahasabha activist
374:All-India Hindu Grand Assembly
1:
4942:Conservative parties in India
4937:Anti-Islam sentiment in India
4876:United Goans Democratic Party
4706:Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi
4551:Azad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)
4531:Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazagam
4423:Revolutionary Socialist Party
4403:Rashtriya Lok Janshakti Party
3970:Hinduism and Tribal Religions
2325:. SUNY Press. pp. 403–.
1967:
724:and boycotted it officially.
666:won a massive victory in the
571:formally changed its name to
4917:1915 establishments in India
4641:Jammu and Kashmir Apni Party
4218:All India Trinamool Congress
2056:Bingham, Woodbridge (1974).
773:noted this fact and states:
614:Indian independence movement
608:Indian independence movement
573:Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha
361:Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha
60:; 109 years ago
29:Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha
7:
4992:Right-wing populist parties
4987:Right-wing populism in Asia
4947:Far-right politics in India
4741:National Secular Conference
4591:Desiya Makkal Sakthi Katchi
4388:People's Party of Arunachal
3117:. Popular Prakashan Bombay.
2870:J.L Kapur (February 2012).
2831:Malgonkar, Manohar (2008).
2774:Mookherjee, Shyama Prasad.
2439:autobiography of Lajpat Rai
2150:Tamadonfar, Mehran (2013).
2090:. Primus Books. p. 63.
1987:. G.P. Putnam. p. 196.
1957:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
1935:
920:
909:and policies that endorsed
882:
679:Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah
639:Civil disobedience movement
629:Hindu Militarization Boards
526:Central Provinces and Berar
500:of 1909 was a catalyst for
475:partition of Bengal in 1905
75:; 91 years ago
10:
5013:
4997:Political parties in India
4982:Right-wing parties in Asia
4526:Ambedkarite Party of India
4413:Rashtriya Loktantrik Party
4373:Nationalist Congress Party
4348:Maharashtra Navnirman Sena
4288:Indian Union Muslim League
4138:Political parties in India
3901:Cambridge University Press
3841:
2180:Kumaraswamy, P.R. (2010).
2139:. Vedic Press. p. 12.
2075:. Klett-Cotta. p. 66.
972:as it was a Shiva Temple.
786:
769:Even the Indian historian
463:
223:State Legislative Assembly
4756:Puratchi Bharatham Katchi
4666:Jansatta Dal (Loktantrik)
4631:Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi
4601:Gondwana Ganatantra Party
4561:Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh
4506:
4478:Voice of the People Party
4418:Revolutionary Goans Party
4408:Rashtriya Lok Samta Party
4393:People's Democratic Front
4268:Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
4185:
4144:
3909:10.1017/S0026749X00004960
2834:The Men Who Killed Gandhi
2105:. Routledge. p. 316.
1808:
1765:
1744:
1678:
1602:
1570:Assembly election history
853:Desh Bhakt Nathuram Godse
319:
306:
301:
292:
287:
278:
273:
250:
238:State Legislative Council
235:
220:
205:
190:
179:
164:
146:
110:
100:
90:
54:
44:
35:
26:
4851:Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam
4701:Kerala Congress (Thomas)
4453:Sikkim Krantikari Morcha
4253:Communist Party of India
4172:Indian National Congress
3111:Keer, Dhananjay (1950).
3059:PTI (25 December 2014).
2941:. PTI. 31 January 2022.
2818:History of Modern Bengal
2169:. Springer. p. 152.
2118:Journal of Asian History
2103:Encyclopedia of Hinduism
931:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
726:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
664:Indian National Congress
643:Under the leadership of
595:and Lajpat Rai's mentor
589:Benaras Hindu University
581:Indian National Congress
514:Indian National Congress
411:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
407:Indian National Congress
354:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
95:Indian National Congress
4932:Anti-communism in India
4891:Vikassheel Insaan Party
4886:Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi
4696:Kerala Congress (Jacob)
4571:Communist Marxist Party
4498:Zoram People's Movement
4493:Zoram Nationalist Party
4468:United Democratic Party
4448:Sikkim Democratic Front
4283:Indian National Lok Dal
4248:Bodoland People's Front
4213:All India N.R. Congress
4177:National People's Party
4037:. HarperCollins India.
4035:Ayodhya: The Dark Night
3191:Business Standard India
591:, the Punjabi populist
569:Sarvadeshak Hindu Sabha
517:conferences in Punjab.
486:All India Muslim League
454:Sarvadeshik Hindu Sabha
447:
348:A group photo taken in
186:Registered Unrecognised
148:Political position
4927:Anti-communist parties
4896:Welfare Party of India
4881:Uttarakhand Kranti Dal
4866:Telangana Jana Samithi
4841:Swatantra Bharat Paksh
4781:Rashtriya Samaj Paksha
4636:Indian National League
4621:Hindustani Awam Morcha
4606:Gorkha Janmukti Morcha
4566:Bharatiya Tribal Party
4333:Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
4238:Bharat Rashtra Samithi
4203:All India Forward Bloc
4162:Bharatiya Janata Party
2978:frontline.thehindu.com
2706:Modern India 1886-1947
2640:Shamsul Islam (2006).
2533:Shamsul Islam (2006).
2137:Hindu Mahasabha Tracts
2073:India in Axis strategy
2071:Hauner, Milan (1981).
1947:Bharatiya Janata Party
845:Bharatiya Janata Party
780:
767:
754:
737:Syama Prasad Mukherjee
695:Sardar Aurang Zeb Khan
687:
542:Kumbh Mela in Haridwar
357:
21:Indian political party
4761:Puthiya Needhi Katchi
4751:Pattali Makkal Katchi
4716:Loktantrik Janata Dal
4616:Hindustan Janta Party
4581:Democratic Azad Party
4011:Jaffrelot, Christophe
3941:Jaffrelot, Christophe
3848:Bapu, Prabhu (2013).
3822:. 20 September 2018.
2703:Sumit Sarkar (2014).
2473:McKean, Lise (1996).
2182:India's Israel Policy
2101:Cush, Denise (2012).
2038:Six, Clemens (2017).
943:Ideological positions
867:Karnataka controversy
793:On January 30, 1948,
775:
762:
749:
683:
496:electorate under the
484:The formation of the
347:
133:National conservatism
4776:Rashtriya Lok Morcha
4661:Jannayak Janta Party
4398:Rashtriya Janata Dal
4323:Jannayak Janta Party
4313:Janata Dal (Secular)
3949:. C Hurst & Co.
3884:Modern Asian Studies
3036:. 24 December 2014.
2152:Religion and Regimes
957:forced sterilization
585:Madan Mohan Malaviya
498:Morley-Minto reforms
442:Bharatiya Jana Sangh
137:Economic nationalism
85:(as political party)
49:Madan Mohan Malaviya
4726:Makkal Needhi Maiam
4556:Bahujan Mukti Party
4536:Gana Suraksha Party
4433:Shiromani Akali Dal
4368:Naga People's Front
4363:Naam Tamilar Katchi
4358:Mizo National Front
4338:Kerala Congress (M)
4318:Janata Dal (United)
4228:Apna Dal (Soneylal)
4157:Bahujan Samaj Party
4076:. New Delhi: Sage.
4015:"The other saffron"
2776:Leaves from a Dairy
1983:Ali, Tariq (1985).
986:
907:Indian caste system
758:Quit India Movement
741:Krishak Praja Party
730:Stick to your Posts
722:Quit India Movement
716:Quit India Movement
706:Krishak Praja Party
392:Madan Mohan Malviya
390:Founded in 1915 by
383:political party in
236:Seats in
221:Seats in
206:Seats in
191:Seats in
141:Right-wing populism
129:Social conservatism
4611:Hamro Sikkim Party
4576:Congress (Secular)
4458:Telugu Desam Party
4233:Asom Gana Parishad
4013:(6 October 2014).
3796:. 20 August 2018.
3770:. 20 August 2018.
3744:. 20 August 2018.
2448:ISBN 9781315180076
2264:The Economic Times
985:
939:("Hindu Nation").
652:civil disobedience
587:, who founded the
562:Swami Shraddhanand
358:
4962:Hindu nationalism
4904:
4903:
4836:Swabhimani Paksha
4766:Puthiya Tamilagam
4463:Tipra Motha Party
4273:Goa Forward Party
4044:978-93-5029-600-4
3995:978-94-024-1036-5
3716:loksabhaph.nic.in
3686:loksabhaph.nic.in
3656:loksabhaph.nic.in
3638:loksabhaph.nic.in
3608:loksabhaph.nic.in
3578:loksabhaph.nic.in
3548:loksabhaph.nic.in
3518:loksabhaph.nic.in
3500:loksabhaph.nic.in
3470:loksabhaph.nic.in
3440:loksabhaph.nic.in
3410:loksabhaph.nic.in
3380:loksabhaph.nic.in
3350:loksabhaph.nic.in
3320:loksabhaph.nic.in
3290:loksabhaph.nic.in
3260:loksabhaph.nic.in
3175:on 13 April 2015.
3138:. 12 April 2015.
2844:978-93-5194-083-8
2802:978-81-87496-13-7
2760:978-81-87496-13-7
2716:978-93-325-4085-9
2653:978-81-7495-236-3
2626:978-81-87496-13-7
2599:978-87-87062-14-5
2573:978-0-670-08275-9
2546:978-81-7495-236-3
2486:978-0-226-56009-0
2406:, pp. 17–20.
2348:, pp. 20–21.
2332:978-0-88706-807-2
2305:978-0-231-51092-9
2165:Delap, L (2013).
2058:A History of Asia
1985:An Indian Dynasty
1933:
1932:
1562:
1561:
976:Electoral history
822:Commission said:
699:Mehr Chand Khanna
597:Navin Chandra Rai
583:president Pandit
530:Bombay Presidency
432:of Indian leader
381:Hindu nationalist
342:
341:
329:Political parties
324:Politics of India
121:Hindu nationalism
86:
71:
70:(as organization)
5004:
4711:Lok Insaaf Party
4145:National parties
4131:
4124:
4117:
4108:
4107:
4103:
4102:
4087:
4068:
4066:
4064:
4048:
4029:
4027:
4025:
3999:
3980:. pp. 1–4.
3966:Long, Jeffery D.
3960:
3936:
3877:
3854:(1st ed.).
3836:
3835:
3833:
3831:
3820:"Karnataka 2018"
3816:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3805:
3794:"Karnataka 2013"
3790:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3779:
3768:"Karnataka 2008"
3764:
3758:
3757:
3755:
3753:
3742:"Karnataka 1999"
3738:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3727:
3708:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3697:
3678:
3672:
3671:
3669:
3667:
3648:
3642:
3641:
3630:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3619:
3600:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3589:
3570:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3559:
3540:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3529:
3510:
3504:
3503:
3492:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3481:
3462:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3451:
3432:
3426:
3425:
3423:
3421:
3402:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3391:
3372:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3361:
3342:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3331:
3312:
3306:
3305:
3303:
3301:
3282:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3271:
3252:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3241:
3213:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3183:
3177:
3176:
3171:. Archived from
3161:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3147:
3136:Deccan Chronicle
3128:
3119:
3118:
3108:
3099:
3098:
3087:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3056:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3045:
3034:Deccan Chronicle
3026:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3015:
2995:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2969:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2958:
2931:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2920:
2892:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2867:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2828:
2822:
2821:
2813:
2807:
2806:
2786:
2780:
2779:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2744:
2738:
2732:
2721:
2720:
2700:
2694:
2693:
2677:
2664:
2658:
2657:
2637:
2631:
2630:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2584:
2578:
2577:
2557:
2551:
2550:
2530:
2521:
2520:
2512:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2470:
2464:
2458:
2449:
2446:
2440:
2437:
2431:
2425:
2419:
2413:
2407:
2401:
2388:
2382:
2376:
2370:
2364:
2358:
2349:
2343:
2337:
2336:
2316:
2310:
2309:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2277:
2275:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2242:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2224:
2218:. Archived from
2217:
2209:
2203:
2202:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2113:
2107:
2106:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2035:
2026:
2020:
2014:
2008:
1989:
1988:
1980:
1918:
1887:
1856:
1825:
1784:
1730:
1729:
1722:
1663:
1662:
1655:
1628:
1627:
1620:
1580:Seats contested
1574:
1573:
1533:
1532:
1525:
1502:
1501:
1494:
1471:
1470:
1463:
1440:
1439:
1432:
1409:
1408:
1401:
1378:
1377:
1370:
1347:
1346:
1339:
1315:
1314:
1307:
1283:
1282:
1275:
1252:
1251:
1244:
1221:
1220:
1213:
1190:
1189:
1182:
1158:
1157:
1150:
1127:
1126:
1119:
1095:
1094:
1087:
1063:
1062:
1055:
1031:
1030:
1023:
999:Change in seats
987:
873:Basavaraj Bommai
618:Simon Commission
488:in 1906 and the
405:from within the
378:
375:
372:
369:
366:
315:
312:
310:
297:
283:
269:
257:
245:
230:
215:
208:Rajya Sabha
200:
172:
171:
160:
125:Ultranationalism
84:
83:
81:
76:
69:
68:
66:
61:
40:
24:
23:
5012:
5011:
5007:
5006:
5005:
5003:
5002:
5001:
4952:Hindu Mahasabha
4907:
4906:
4905:
4900:
4676:Jharkhand Party
4671:Jebamani Janata
4596:Goa Vikas Party
4508:
4502:
4428:Samajwadi Party
4308:Jana Sena Party
4243:Biju Janata Dal
4181:
4152:Aam Aadmi Party
4140:
4135:
4098:
4097:
4094:
4084:
4062:
4060:
4045:
4023:
4021:
4006:
4004:Further reading
3996:
3978:Springer Verlag
3957:
3874:
3844:
3839:
3829:
3827:
3818:
3817:
3813:
3803:
3801:
3792:
3791:
3787:
3777:
3775:
3766:
3765:
3761:
3751:
3749:
3740:
3739:
3735:
3725:
3723:
3710:
3709:
3705:
3695:
3693:
3680:
3679:
3675:
3665:
3663:
3650:
3649:
3645:
3632:
3631:
3627:
3617:
3615:
3602:
3601:
3597:
3587:
3585:
3572:
3571:
3567:
3557:
3555:
3542:
3541:
3537:
3527:
3525:
3512:
3511:
3507:
3494:
3493:
3489:
3479:
3477:
3464:
3463:
3459:
3449:
3447:
3434:
3433:
3429:
3419:
3417:
3404:
3403:
3399:
3389:
3387:
3374:
3373:
3369:
3359:
3357:
3344:
3343:
3339:
3329:
3327:
3314:
3313:
3309:
3299:
3297:
3284:
3283:
3279:
3269:
3267:
3254:
3253:
3249:
3239:
3237:
3214:
3210:
3200:
3198:
3185:
3184:
3180:
3163:
3162:
3155:
3145:
3143:
3130:
3129:
3122:
3109:
3102:
3089:
3088:
3084:
3074:
3072:
3057:
3053:
3043:
3041:
3028:
3027:
3023:
3013:
3011:
2996:
2992:
2982:
2980:
2970:
2966:
2956:
2954:
2933:
2932:
2928:
2918:
2916:
2893:
2889:
2879:
2877:
2868:
2864:
2854:
2852:
2845:
2829:
2825:
2814:
2810:
2803:
2787:
2783:
2772:
2768:
2761:
2745:
2741:
2733:
2724:
2717:
2701:
2697:
2690:
2665:
2661:
2654:
2638:
2634:
2627:
2611:
2607:
2600:
2586:
2585:
2581:
2574:
2558:
2554:
2547:
2531:
2524:
2513:
2506:
2496:
2494:
2487:
2471:
2467:
2459:
2452:
2447:
2443:
2438:
2434:
2426:
2422:
2414:
2410:
2402:
2391:
2383:
2379:
2371:
2367:
2359:
2352:
2344:
2340:
2333:
2317:
2313:
2306:
2290:
2286:
2273:
2271:
2256:
2252:
2236:
2235:
2228:
2226:
2222:
2215:
2213:"Archived copy"
2211:
2210:
2206:
2193:
2189:
2178:
2174:
2163:
2159:
2148:
2144:
2133:
2129:
2114:
2110:
2099:
2095:
2084:
2080:
2069:
2065:
2054:
2050:
2036:
2029:
2021:
2017:
2013:, pp. 1–4.
2009:
1992:
1981:
1974:
1970:
1938:
1919:
1916:
1888:
1885:
1857:
1854:
1826:
1823:
1785:
1782:
1723:
1720:
1656:
1653:
1621:
1618:
1572:
1567:
1526:
1523:
1495:
1492:
1464:
1461:
1433:
1430:
1402:
1399:
1371:
1368:
1340:
1337:
1308:
1305:
1276:
1273:
1245:
1242:
1214:
1211:
1183:
1180:
1151:
1148:
1120:
1117:
1088:
1085:
1056:
1053:
1024:
1021:
983:
978:
945:
923:
885:
869:
833:
791:
785:
752:the time being.
718:
660:
641:
610:
593:Lala Lajpat Rai
550:
506:Hindu community
471:
466:
450:
376:
373:
370:
367:
338:
307:
274:Election symbol
259:
258:
255:
246:
243:
231:
228:
216:
213:
201:
198:
169:
152:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
91:Split from
79:
77:
74:
72:
64:
62:
59:
31:
30:
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5010:
5000:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4902:
4901:
4899:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4512:
4510:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4189:
4187:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4148:
4146:
4142:
4141:
4134:
4133:
4126:
4119:
4111:
4105:
4104:
4093:
4092:External links
4090:
4089:
4088:
4083:978-8132100478
4082:
4069:
4049:
4043:
4030:
4019:Indian Express
4005:
4002:
4001:
4000:
3994:
3961:
3956:978-1849041386
3955:
3937:
3878:
3873:978-0415671651
3872:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3837:
3811:
3785:
3759:
3733:
3703:
3673:
3643:
3625:
3595:
3565:
3535:
3505:
3487:
3457:
3427:
3397:
3367:
3337:
3307:
3277:
3247:
3208:
3178:
3153:
3120:
3100:
3082:
3051:
3021:
2990:
2964:
2926:
2887:
2862:
2843:
2823:
2808:
2801:
2781:
2766:
2759:
2739:
2737:, p. 103.
2722:
2715:
2695:
2688:
2659:
2652:
2632:
2625:
2605:
2598:
2579:
2572:
2552:
2545:
2522:
2504:
2485:
2465:
2450:
2441:
2432:
2420:
2416:Jaffrelot 2011
2408:
2389:
2377:
2365:
2350:
2338:
2331:
2311:
2304:
2284:
2250:
2225:on 30 May 2018
2204:
2187:
2172:
2157:
2142:
2127:
2108:
2093:
2078:
2063:
2048:
2027:
2015:
1990:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1809:Not contested
1807:
1801:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1742:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1724:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1676:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1657:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1622:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1592:Voteshare (%)
1590:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1549:18th Lok Sabha
1546:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1527:
1522:
1520:
1518:17th Lok Sabha
1515:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1496:
1491:
1489:
1487:16th Lok Sabha
1484:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1465:
1460:
1458:
1456:15th Lok Sabha
1453:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1434:
1429:
1427:
1425:14th Lok Sabha
1422:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1403:
1398:
1396:
1394:13th Lok Sabha
1391:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1372:
1367:
1365:
1363:12th Lok Sabha
1360:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1341:
1336:
1334:
1332:11th Lok Sabha
1329:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1309:
1304:
1302:
1300:10th Lok Sabha
1297:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1277:
1272:
1270:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1246:
1241:
1239:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1215:
1210:
1208:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1184:
1179:
1177:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1152:
1147:
1145:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1121:
1116:
1114:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1089:
1084:
1082:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1057:
1052:
1050:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1025:
1020:
1018:
1013:
1007:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
982:
979:
977:
974:
944:
941:
922:
919:
911:untouchability
884:
881:
868:
865:
857:Nathuram Godse
841:Mahatma Gandhi
837:Nathuram Godse
832:
829:
828:
827:
819:Madanlal Pahwa
815:Vishnu Karkare
803:Digambar Badge
795:Nathuram Godse
787:Main article:
784:
781:
717:
714:
659:
656:
645:Mahatma Gandhi
640:
637:
609:
606:
549:
546:
470:
467:
465:
462:
449:
446:
438:Nathuram Godse
434:Mahatma Gandhi
340:
339:
337:
336:
331:
326:
320:
317:
316:
304:
303:
299:
298:
290:
289:
285:
284:
276:
275:
271:
270:
260:(Collectively
254:
252:
248:
247:
242:
240:
233:
232:
227:
225:
218:
217:
212:
210:
203:
202:
197:
195:
193:Lok Sabha
188:
187:
184:
177:
176:
166:
162:
161:
150:
144:
143:
114:
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
92:
88:
87:
56:
52:
51:
46:
42:
41:
33:
32:
28:
27:
20:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5009:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4914:
4912:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4626:Ikkjutt Jammu
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4513:
4511:
4505:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4190:
4188:
4186:State parties
4184:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4149:
4147:
4143:
4139:
4132:
4127:
4125:
4120:
4118:
4113:
4112:
4109:
4101:
4096:
4095:
4085:
4079:
4075:
4070:
4059:
4055:
4050:
4046:
4040:
4036:
4031:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4008:
4007:
3997:
3991:
3987:
3983:
3979:
3975:
3971:
3967:
3962:
3958:
3952:
3948:
3947:
3942:
3938:
3934:
3930:
3926:
3922:
3918:
3914:
3910:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3894:
3890:
3886:
3885:
3879:
3875:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3852:
3846:
3845:
3825:
3821:
3815:
3799:
3795:
3789:
3773:
3769:
3763:
3747:
3743:
3737:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3707:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3677:
3661:
3657:
3653:
3647:
3639:
3635:
3629:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3599:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3569:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3539:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3509:
3501:
3497:
3491:
3475:
3471:
3467:
3461:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3431:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3401:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3371:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3341:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3311:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3281:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3251:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3212:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3182:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3160:
3158:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3127:
3125:
3116:
3115:
3114:Veer Savarkar
3107:
3105:
3096:
3092:
3086:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3055:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3025:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2994:
2979:
2975:
2968:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2930:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2891:
2875:
2874:
2866:
2850:
2846:
2840:
2836:
2835:
2827:
2819:
2812:
2804:
2798:
2794:
2793:
2785:
2777:
2770:
2762:
2756:
2752:
2751:
2743:
2736:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2718:
2712:
2708:
2707:
2699:
2691:
2689:9780812275834
2685:
2681:
2676:
2675:
2669:
2668:Baxter, Craig
2663:
2655:
2649:
2645:
2644:
2636:
2628:
2622:
2618:
2617:
2609:
2601:
2595:
2591:
2590:
2583:
2575:
2569:
2565:
2564:
2556:
2548:
2542:
2538:
2537:
2529:
2527:
2518:
2511:
2509:
2492:
2488:
2482:
2478:
2477:
2469:
2463:, p. 40.
2462:
2457:
2455:
2445:
2436:
2430:, p. 20.
2429:
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2398:
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2123:
2119:
2112:
2104:
2097:
2089:
2082:
2074:
2067:
2059:
2052:
2045:
2042:. Routledge.
2041:
2034:
2032:
2025:, p. 61.
2024:
2019:
2012:
2007:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1986:
1979:
1977:
1972:
1963:
1962:Sangh Parivar
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1939:
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1927:
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1911:
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1609:
1608:
1605:
1604:Uttar Pradesh
1601:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1589:No. of Votes
1588:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1552:
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1547:
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1301:
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1269:
1268:9th Lok Sabha
1266:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1247:
1240:
1238:
1237:8th Lok Sabha
1235:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1216:
1209:
1207:
1206:7th Lok Sabha
1204:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1185:
1178:
1176:
1175:6th Lok Sabha
1173:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1153:
1146:
1144:
1143:5th Lok Sabha
1141:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1122:
1115:
1113:
1112:4th Lok Sabha
1110:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1090:
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1081:
1080:3rd Lok Sabha
1078:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1058:
1051:
1049:
1048:2nd Lok Sabha
1046:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1026:
1019:
1017:
1016:1st Lok Sabha
1014:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
989:
988:
973:
971:
966:
961:
958:
955:must undergo
954:
950:
940:
938:
937:
936:Hindu Rashtra
932:
928:
918:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
895:Hindu culture
892:
891:
890:Hindu Rashtra
880:
878:
874:
864:
862:
861:Shaurya Diwas
858:
854:
850:
849:Narendra Modi
846:
842:
838:
825:
824:
823:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
790:
779:
774:
772:
771:R.C. Majumdar
766:
761:
759:
753:
748:
746:
742:
738:
733:
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723:
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623:
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582:
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570:
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555:
548:Establishment
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543:
539:
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531:
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507:
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491:
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487:
482:
480:
476:
461:
459:
455:
445:
443:
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435:
431:
430:assassination
427:
426:Muslim League
423:
418:
416:
412:
408:
404:
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397:
393:
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386:
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362:
355:
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327:
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321:
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263:
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4746:NISHAD Party
4507:Unrecognized
4073:
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4057:
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3715:
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3607:
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3547:
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3526:. Retrieved
3517:
3508:
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3490:
3478:. Retrieved
3469:
3460:
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3439:
3430:
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3409:
3400:
3388:. Retrieved
3379:
3370:
3358:. Retrieved
3349:
3340:
3328:. Retrieved
3319:
3310:
3298:. Retrieved
3289:
3280:
3268:. Retrieved
3259:
3250:
3238:. Retrieved
3221:
3211:
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3190:
3181:
3173:the original
3168:
3144:. Retrieved
3135:
3113:
3094:
3085:
3073:. Retrieved
3064:
3054:
3042:. Retrieved
3033:
3024:
3012:. Retrieved
3003:
2993:
2981:. Retrieved
2977:
2967:
2955:. Retrieved
2938:
2929:
2917:. Retrieved
2900:
2890:
2878:. Retrieved
2872:
2865:
2855:23 September
2853:. Retrieved
2833:
2826:
2817:
2811:
2791:
2784:
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2769:
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2475:
2468:
2444:
2435:
2423:
2411:
2380:
2375:, p. 3.
2368:
2341:
2321:
2314:
2294:
2287:
2279:
2272:. Retrieved
2263:
2253:
2227:. Retrieved
2220:the original
2207:
2196:
2190:
2181:
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2102:
2096:
2087:
2081:
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2057:
2051:
2043:
2039:
2018:
1984:
993:Legislature
970:Babri masjid
962:
946:
934:
924:
888:
886:
870:
860:
852:
834:
811:Narayan Apte
792:
776:
768:
763:
755:
750:
734:
729:
719:
703:
692:
688:
684:
672:
661:
642:
628:
626:
611:
578:
572:
568:
566:
557:
551:
534:
519:
510:
483:
472:
457:
453:
451:
422:World War II
419:
389:
360:
359:
265:
261:
101:Headquarters
18:
4063:21 December
3903:: 145–203.
3014:21 December
2983:11 November
2957:11 November
2919:11 November
2497:13 February
1287:Opposition
1130:Opposition
1099:Opposition
1067:Opposition
1035:Opposition
807:Gopal Godse
649:non-violent
633:World War 2
601:Hindu Samaj
558:Sarvadeshak
479:Lord Curzon
469:Antecedents
420:During the
403:British Raj
401:before the
4911:Categories
4771:Raijor Dal
4193:AJSU Party
3726:1 November
3696:1 November
3666:1 November
3618:1 November
3588:1 November
3558:1 November
3528:1 November
3480:1 November
3450:1 November
3420:1 November
3390:1 November
3360:1 November
3330:1 November
3300:1 November
3270:1 November
2274:18 October
1968:References
1583:Seats won
996:Seats won
949:Christians
745:Fazlul Haq
710:Fazlul Haq
622:Poona Pact
288:Party flag
154:Right-wing
4721:Mahan Dal
4438:Shiv Sena
4058:Firstpost
4024:6 October
3974:Dordrecht
3933:144467731
3917:1469-8099
3893:Cambridge
3864:Routledge
3240:9 January
3230:0971-751X
3222:The Hindu
3201:9 January
3065:The Hindu
3004:Firstpost
2947:0971-751X
2939:The Hindu
2909:0971-751X
2901:The Hindu
2880:2 October
2735:Bapu 2013
2461:Bapu 2013
2428:Bapu 2013
2404:Bapu 2013
2385:Bapu 2013
2373:Bapu 2013
2361:Bapu 2013
2346:Bapu 2013
2124:(2): 175.
2023:Bapu 2013
1767:Karnataka
877:Nanjangud
855:(Patriot
508:members.
334:Elections
229:0 / 4,036
158:far-right
105:New Delhi
4967:Hindutva
4546:Apna Dal
3943:(2011).
3897:New York
3860:New York
3824:Archived
3798:Archived
3772:Archived
3746:Archived
3720:Archived
3690:Archived
3660:Archived
3612:Archived
3582:Archived
3552:Archived
3522:Archived
3474:Archived
3444:Archived
3414:Archived
3384:Archived
3354:Archived
3324:Archived
3294:Archived
3264:Archived
3234:Archived
3195:Archived
3146:13 April
3140:Archived
3095:NDTV.com
3069:Archived
3038:Archived
3008:Archived
2951:Archived
2913:Archived
2849:Archived
2670:(1969).
2491:Archived
2268:Archived
2239:cite web
2011:Jha 2018
1936:See also
1598:Outcome
1595:+/- (%)
1002:Outcome
927:Hindutva
921:Hindutva
915:Savarkar
903:heritage
899:religion
883:Ideology
554:Haridwar
415:Hindutva
396:orthodox
117:Hindutva
112:Ideology
4509:parties
3842:Sources
3169:IBNLive
3075:2 March
3044:2 March
1917:0 / 224
1886:0 / 224
1866:0.001%
1855:0 / 224
1824:0 / 224
1794:0.001%
1783:0 / 224
1721:1 / 403
1666:81,829
1654:1 / 424
1632:67,807
1619:1 / 425
1524:0 / 543
1493:0 / 543
1462:0 / 543
1431:0 / 543
1400:0 / 545
1369:0 / 545
1338:0 / 545
1306:0 / 545
1274:1 / 545
1243:0 / 533
1212:0 / 542
1181:0 / 542
1149:0 / 518
1118:1 / 520
1086:1 / 494
1054:2 / 494
1022:4 / 489
953:Muslims
599:of the
464:History
379:) is a
368:
350:Shimoga
302:Website
244:0 / 426
214:0 / 245
199:0 / 543
174:Saffron
170:
165:Colours
78: (
63: (
55:Founded
45:Founder
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4041:
3992:
3953:
3931:
3925:311959
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3915:
3870:
3856:London
3830:11 May
3804:11 May
3778:11 May
3752:11 May
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2945:
2907:
2841:
2799:
2757:
2713:
2686:
2650:
2623:
2596:
2570:
2543:
2483:
2329:
2302:
2229:29 May
1897:0.01%
1835:0.01%
1740:Other
1674:Other
1669:0.30%
1640:Other
1635:0.29%
901:, and
538:Ambala
528:, and
522:Punjab
494:Muslim
399:Hindus
256:0 / 31
183:Status
3929:S2CID
3921:JSTOR
3891:(2).
2223:(PDF)
2216:(PDF)
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1871:None
1840:None
1832:2320
1799:None
1577:Year
1005:Ref.
990:Year
799:Delhi
675:Sindh
502:Hindu
385:India
4078:ISBN
4065:2014
4039:ISBN
4026:2014
3990:ISBN
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3868:ISBN
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3806:2023
3780:2023
3754:2023
3728:2020
3698:2020
3668:2020
3620:2020
3590:2020
3560:2020
3530:2020
3482:2020
3452:2020
3422:2020
3392:2020
3362:2020
3332:2020
3302:2020
3272:2020
3242:2020
3226:ISSN
3203:2020
3148:2015
3077:2018
3046:2018
3016:2014
2985:2022
2959:2022
2943:ISSN
2921:2022
2905:ISSN
2882:2019
2857:2020
2839:ISBN
2797:ISBN
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2648:ISBN
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1877:2018
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1815:2008
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1751:2012
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1713:2002
1705:1996
1701:1993
1697:1991
1693:1989
1689:1985
1685:1980
1681:1977
1646:1974
1611:1969
1586:+/-
1544:2024
1513:2019
1482:2014
1451:2009
1420:2004
1389:1999
1358:1998
1327:1996
1295:1991
1263:1989
1232:1984
1201:1980
1170:1977
1138:1971
1107:1967
1075:1962
1043:1957
1011:1951
951:and
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365:lit.
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309:abhm
268:UTs)
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