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Mac operating systems

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and other advanced features. New features were added more rapidly than they could be completed, and the completion date slipped into the future with no sign of a release. In 1996, Apple canceled the project outright and sought a suitable third-party replacement. Copland development ended in August
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system, that eliminated many of the technical challenges that the classic Mac OS faced, such as problems with memory management. The current macOS is pre-installed with every Mac and receives a major update annually. It is the basis of Apple's current system software for its other devices –
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platform, and thus Macintosh computers. In mid 1998, the community-led MkLinux Developers Association took over development of the operating system. MkLinux is short for "Microkernel Linux", which refers to its adaptation of the monolithic
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version of the system was released in 1999 as a technology preview. It was followed by several more official server-based releases. Server functionality has instead been offered as an add-on for the desktop system since 2011.
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for the Macintosh. It is a single "overdesigned" hardware platform on which third-party vendors build practically any product, reducing the otherwise heavy workload of developing a
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Prior to the introduction of Mac OS X, Apple experimented with several other concepts, releasing different products designed to bring the Macintosh interface or applications to
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macOS 10.16's version number was updated to 11.0 in the third beta. The third beta version of macOS Big Sur is 11.0 Beta 3 instead of 10.16 Beta 3.
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shortly in the 1990s. It was noted for its ease of use, and also criticized for its lack of modern technologies compared to its competitors.
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Nine major versions of the classic Mac OS were released. The name "Classic" that now signifies the system as a whole is a reference to
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Although the classic Mac OS and macOS (Mac OS X) have different architectures, they share a common set of
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personal computers. In partnership with Apple and with support from Intel, the project was instigated by
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and the company producing it. Started as the Pink project within Apple to provide a replacement for the
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design. Initial versions of the System Software run one application at a time. System 5 introduced
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Before the arrival of the Macintosh in 1984, Apple's history of operating systems began with its
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technology from the late 1980s until early 1997, when Apple purchased the company and its CEO
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as the current Mac operating system that officially succeeded the classic Mac OS in 2001.
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Barbou des Places, François; Stephen, Nick; Reynolds, Franklin D. (January 12, 1996).
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The system was launched as Mac OS X, renamed OS X from 2012—2016, and then renamed
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and MS-DOS. A team consisting of four from Apple and four from Novell was got the
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The system was originally marketed as simply "version 10" of Mac OS, but it has
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The first version of the system was released on March 24, 2001, supporting the
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is the original Macintosh operating system introduced in 1984 alongside the
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macOS is the basis for some of Apple's other operating systems, including
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was released in 2020 to introduce the current design iteration of macOS.
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In 1984, Apple debuted the operating system that is now known as the
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Stanford University Libraries & Academic Information Resources
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Apple launched several new operating systems based on the core of
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indicate discontinued products, services, or defunct companies.
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1996, and in December 1996, Apple announced that it was buying
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Even Steve Jobs still says "ecks" instead of "ten" sometimes.
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Gruman, Galen (November 1997). "Why Apple Pulled the Plug".
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with the Mac OS GUI as a mutual response to the monopoly of
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was a project at Apple to create an updated version of the
891: 853: 849: 843: 594: 537: 529: 292: 266: 112: 101: 84: 76: 1676:"Apple Computer, Inc. Agrees to Acquire NeXT Software Inc" 8441: 6875: 6304: 5350: 4938: 4800: 4195: 2483: 2244: 1646:"macOS version 10.12 Sierra on Intel-based Mac computers" 1053: 992: 681:– version 10.6, publicly unveiled on Monday, June 8, 2009 582: 571: 567: 258: 89: 3169: 1977: 651:– codenamed "Puma", released Tuesday, September 25, 2001 645:– codenamed "Cheetah", released Saturday, March 24, 2001 1286:"Three things OS X could learn from the Classic Mac OS" 1060:, with the purpose of building a competing platform to 711:– version 10.11, released Wednesday, September 30, 2015 1757:"Inside the Macintosh Coprocessor Platform and A/ROSE" 1775: 822:
which runs on the Macintosh Coprocessor Platform, an
717:– version 10.12, released Tuesday, September 20, 2016 4337: 1466: 1464: 729:– version 10.14, released Monday, September 24, 2018 723:– version 10.13, released Monday, September 25, 2017 705:– version 10.10, released Thursday, October 16, 2014 1727:"Apple Releases Developer Preview of Mac OS X Lion" 856:, which is a UNIX operating system with the Mac OS 79:. It brought an entirely new architecture based on 1906: 1874:"Star Trek: Apple's First Mac OS on Intel Project" 1052:, it was later spun off into a joint venture with 759:- version 14, released Tuesday, September 26, 2023 741:– version 11, released Thursday, November 12, 2020 699:– version 10.9, released Tuesday, October 22, 2013 544:returned to Apple. Precursors to Mac OS X include 1898: 1668: 1461: 735:– version 10.15, released Monday, October 7, 2019 693:– version 10.8, released Wednesday, July 25, 2012 687:– version 10.7, released Wednesday, July 20, 2011 675:– version 10.5, released Friday, October 26, 2007 663:– version 10.3, released Friday, October 24, 2003 8496: 1986:"Lessons Learned: IT's Biggest Project Failures" 1638: 657:– version 10.2, released Friday, August 23, 2002 6293: 1834: 864:-class computers. Most of its sales was to the 753:– version 13, released Monday, October 24, 2022 747:– version 12, released Monday, October 25, 2021 669:– version 10.4, released Friday, April 29, 2005 39:For a list of all Apple operating systems, see 2062: 917:systems. It was discontinued on May 14, 1998. 7983: 5941: 5298: 4450: 4323: 3185: 2762: 2048: 1865: 1784:"Apple finally gets Unix right with A/UX 3.0" 1138: 4794: 1536:. Vol. 14, no. 11. pp. 31–36. 816:Apple Real-time Operating System Environment 495: 7990: 7976: 5948: 5934: 5305: 5291: 4330: 4316: 3192: 3178: 2769: 2755: 2724: 2055: 2041: 1523: 1497: 1315: 1313: 1145: 1131: 335:and remained in primary use on Macs until 4361: 1951: 1904: 1572: 1505:"The Macintosh Product Introduction Plan" 1470: 943:operating system that was started by the 1959:Apple surrenders the Pink (to Microsoft) 1355: 608: 505: 423: 412:, and susceptibility to conflicts among 396:architecture. The system was considered 315: 8525:Macintosh operating systems development 5118: 1939:from the original on September 20, 2019 1548:"A Brief History of the Classic Mac OS" 1310: 1298:from the original on September 24, 2016 1252:History of the graphical user interface 491:– final major version, released in 1999 373:Classic Mac OS is characterized by its 14: 8497: 5155: 5036: 1983: 1871: 1853:from the original on February 11, 2012 1707:from the original on February 19, 2013 1529: 1485:from the original on November 13, 2016 1280: 7997: 7971: 5929: 5909:List of Apple II application software 5312: 5286: 4311: 3173: 2750: 2036: 1998:from the original on November 5, 2012 1886:from the original on November 2, 2015 1781: 1763:from the original on October 15, 2016 1737:from the original on October 13, 2019 1434: 1319: 1044:of "talent" and "intelligent") is an 999:, which was looking to integrate its 967: 783:– code named "Hera", released in 1999 526:a history that is largely independent 53:in a succession of two major series. 27:Series of Macintosh operating systems 4946:Derived from Mac OS X: iPhone OS 3.2 1843:"Linux on the OSF Mach3 microkernel" 1656:from the original on October 2, 2016 1560:from the original on October 5, 2016 1416:from the original on August 11, 2015 1015:and some basic applications such as 71:The current Mac operating system is 1796:from the original on August 1, 2016 1682:. December 20, 1996. Archived from 1580:"What is an operating system (OS)?" 1449:from the original on April 15, 2008 1325:"The Original Macintosh: Mea Culpa" 960:to run as a server hosted atop the 947:and Apple in February 1996 to port 444:that helped ease the transition to 370:program that ended one year later. 24: 4659:Derived from Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger: 2776: 1590:from the original on July 22, 2010 1435:Honan, Matthew (January 9, 2007). 1398: 1374:from the original on June 25, 2009 1337:from the original on June 19, 2010 1126:Timeline of Mac operating systems 848:In 1988, Apple released its first 149:across the top of the screen; the 62:original Macintosh System Software 25: 8546: 2014: 1356:Siracusa, John (March 24, 2006). 888:Macintosh Application Environment 882:Macintosh Application Environment 793: 532:-based operating system built on 358:computer, which former Apple CEO 305: 8094:Object-oriented operating system 7952: 7951: 4291: 4290: 2733: 2732: 2723: 2020: 1984:Widman, Jake (October 9, 2008). 1046:object-oriented operating system 461:– released between 1985 and 1987 5242:Mac OS X Server version history 3931:Apple Push Notification service 2947:Macintosh Programmer's Workshop 1808: 1749: 1719: 1602: 1247:Comparison of operating systems 933:Worldwide Developers Conference 528:of the classic Mac OS. It is a 41:List of Apple operating systems 8104:Supercomputer operating system 5955: 5917:List of old Macintosh software 1782:Crabb, Don (August 10, 1992). 1540: 1428: 1349: 1274: 455:– "System 1", released in 1984 13: 1: 4514:Mac OS X Public Beta (Kodiak) 2400:AIX for Apple Network Servers 1267: 604: 203:computers in 1977, which run 8079:Just enough operating system 8064:Distributed operating system 7142:Shazam Entertainment Limited 1093:. It was to have introduced 972: 7: 8505:Macintosh operating systems 8192:User space and kernel space 4176:System Integrity Protection 2027:Macintosh operating systems 1905:Linzmayer, Owen W. (1999). 1471:Linzmayer, Owen W. (2004). 1240: 1117: 1026: 459:System Software 2, 3, and 4 419: 180:to real-world objects like 10: 8551: 8535:Software version histories 8520:Lists of operating systems 8099:Real-time operating system 1845:. Grenoble and Cambridge: 1082:Copland (operating system) 1079: 1075: 1030: 976: 924: 920: 879: 841: 807: 798: 629: 559:macOS is based on Apple's 499: 309: 248:personal digital assistant 172:and relates concepts like 38: 31: 8530:Operating system families 8434: 8371: 8317: 8295:Multilevel feedback queue 8290:Fixed-priority preemptive 8278: 8213: 8204: 8174: 8121: 8112: 8074:Hobbyist operating system 8069:Embedded operating system 8051: 8005: 7941: 7911: 7808: 7755: 7744: 7587: 7492: 7483: 7476: 7407:Non-recruiting agreements 7258: 7181: 7002: 6954: 6947: 6845: 6800: 6751: 6706: 6601: 6575: 6566: 6393: 6284: 6215: 6192: 6159: 6131: 6083: 6024: 6015: 6006: 5963: 5906: 5847: 5806: 5753: 5712: 5616: 5600: 5497: 5404: 5321: 5232: 5211: 5146: 5109: 5027: 4979: 4932: 4923: 4832: 4808: 4780: 4712: 4679: 4655: 4644: 4635: 4509: 4462:Mac OS X Server 1.0 (Hera 4416: 4352: 4287:denote upcoming products. 4280: 4225: 4209: 3906: 3895: 3855: 3717: 3710: 3653: 3623: 3600: 3591: 3408: 3401: 3341: 3305: 3247: 3240: 3207: 3199: 3136: 2960: 2929: 2835: 2784: 2721: 2621: 2461: 2379: 2200: 2152: 2143: 2071: 820:embedded operating system 803: 766: 496:Mac OS X, OS X, and macOS 453:Macintosh System Software 346:on January 24, 1984; its 8338:General protection fault 8089:Network operating system 8043:User features comparison 7446:Depictions of Steve Jobs 5273:denote upcoming products 4988:Derived from iOS 13-18: 4501:10.6 Snow Leopard Server 3068:Multiprocessing Services 3028:Hierarchical File System 1964:August 10, 2017, at the 1698:"Mac OS X: What is BSD?" 1358:"Five years of Mac OS X" 906:. MAE was published for 566:, which is based on the 428:This text-only logo for 379:cooperative multitasking 145:principles, including a 60:with its release of the 8084:Mobile operating system 5267:audioOS version history 5262:watchOS version history 5212:Non-Apple distributions 5045:Derived from iOS 8–18: 4812:Derived from Mac OS X: 4721:Derived from iOS 9–18: 4559:OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion 4181:Uniform Type Identifier 3878:Remote Install Mac OS X 3742:Bluetooth File Exchange 2257:Mac OS X 10.0 (Cheetah) 1099:preemptive multitasking 837: 564:Darwin operating system 111:systems or vice versa, 8187:Loadable kernel module 7417:FBI encryption dispute 5257:iPadOS version history 5127:Derived from watchOS: 4683:Derived from iOS 4–8: 4066:Grand Central Dispatch 1847:OSF Research Institute 1474:Apple Confidential 2.0 1437:"Apple unveils iPhone" 945:OSF Research Institute 931:Announced at the 1996 875: 626: 514: 437: 354:, and inspired by the 350:is partially based on 324: 239:. Apple developed the 8255:Process control block 8221:Computer multitasking 8059:Disk operating system 7080:InVisage Technologies 5237:macOS version history 3048:Macintosh File System 2415:PowerOpen Environment 2063:Operating systems by 1913:. San Francisco, CA: 679:Mac OS X Snow Leopard 612: 509: 477:System 7 / Mac OS 7.6 442:a compatibility layer 427: 348:early system software 323:was released in 1999. 319: 47:Mac operating systems 8426:Virtual tape library 8018:Forensic engineering 7894:Edgar S. Woolard Jr. 7087:The Keyboard Company 5978:Timeline of products 5913:List of Mac software 5720:Apple Remote Desktop 5247:tvOS version history 2297:10.8 (Mountain Lion) 2029:at Wikimedia Commons 1872:Hormby, Tom (2005). 1686:on January 16, 1999. 1284:(January 21, 2009). 1262:List of Mac software 868:, where MacOS lacks 818:(A/ROSE) is a small 554:Mac OS X Public Beta 381:. System 7 supports 276:and in 2017 for its 8515:History of software 8510:Apple Inc. software 8435:Supporting concepts 8421:Virtual file system 7412:Price-fixing ebooks 7246:Rockstar Consortium 5252:iOS version history 4496:10.5 Leopard Server 4248:Classic Environment 3817:Migration Assistant 3772:Digital Color Meter 3654:Former Applications 3516:Notification Center 2866:Graphing Calculator 2369:Mac OS X Server 1.0 2322:10.13 (High Sierra) 2287:10.6 (Snow Leopard) 2167:Systems 2, 3, and 4 1822:on January 24, 2014 1733:February 24, 2011. 1610:"Mac OS X and Unix" 1513:Stanford University 1070:project death march 781:Mac OS X Server 1.0 636:Aqua user interface 436:, released in 1997. 342:Apple released the 250:from 1993 to 1997. 227:in 1983 which runs 8358:Segmentation fault 8206:Process management 7763:Arthur D. Levinson 6858:Sign in with Apple 5180:Derived from tvOS: 5164:Derived from iOS: 4579:macOS 10.12 Sierra 3896:Technologies & 3873:ODBC Administrator 3832:System Information 3318:10.8 Mountain Lion 2973:Appearance Manager 2916:System Information 2797:System 2, 3, and 4 2312:10.11 (El Capitan) 1974:, October 3, 2008. 1909:Apple Confidential 1792:. pp. 68–69. 1368:Condé Nast Digital 1114:operating system. 968:Cancelled projects 691:OS X Mountain Lion 627: 625:, released in 2001 515: 485:– released in 1997 479:– released in 1991 473:– released in 1988 467:– released in 1987 438: 344:original Macintosh 325: 188:; and overlapping 49:were developed by 8492: 8491: 8348:Memory protection 8319:Memory management 8313: 8312: 8305:Shortest job next 8200: 8199: 7999:Operating systems 7965: 7964: 7937: 7936: 7907: 7906: 7740: 7739: 7697:Peter Oppenheimer 7520:(General Counsel) 7429:iOS app approvals 7254: 7253: 6943: 6942: 6562: 6561: 6558: 6557: 6280: 6279: 5923: 5922: 5778:Interface Builder 5422:Final Cut Express 5323:Operating systems 5280: 5279: 5207: 5206: 5142: 5141: 5105: 5104: 5023: 5022: 4919: 4918: 4915: 4914: 4776: 4775: 4708: 4707: 4631: 4630: 4627: 4626: 4584:10.13 High Sierra 4549:10.6 Snow Leopard 4412: 4411: 4346:operating systems 4305: 4304: 4276: 4275: 3921:Apple File System 3891: 3890: 3777:Directory Utility 3706: 3705: 3649: 3648: 3631:Interface Builder 3409:Core Applications 3397: 3396: 3354:10.13 High Sierra 3297:10.6 Snow Leopard 3167: 3166: 3144:Memory management 3053:Macintosh Toolbox 2744: 2743: 2658:Apple TV Software 2457: 2456: 2025:Media related to 1816:"MAE screenshots" 1729:(Press release). 1519:on July 21, 2010. 1237: 1236: 985:Star Trek project 979:Star Trek project 721:macOS High Sierra 613:The "X" logo for 552:project, and the 471:System Software 6 465:System Software 5 402:memory management 386:memory addressing 16:(Redirected from 8542: 8447:Computer network 8211: 8210: 8119: 8118: 7992: 7985: 7978: 7969: 7968: 7955: 7954: 7889:Michael Spindler 7839:Fred D. Anderson 7753: 7752: 7702:Mark Papermaster 7652:Guerrino De Luca 7642:Fred D. Anderson 7613:Michael Spindler 7539:John Giannandrea 7490: 7489: 7481: 7480: 6989:Braeburn Capital 6952: 6951: 6573: 6572: 6291: 6290: 6022: 6021: 6013: 6012: 5950: 5943: 5936: 5927: 5926: 5550:Final Cut Studio 5510:Apple Media Tool 5307: 5300: 5293: 5284: 5283: 5153: 5152: 5116: 5115: 5034: 5033: 4930: 4929: 4806: 4805: 4792: 4791: 4653: 4652: 4642: 4641: 4574:10.11 El Capitan 4448: 4447: 4423: 4422: 4359: 4358: 4332: 4325: 4318: 4309: 4308: 4294: 4293: 4186:Universal binary 3904: 3903: 3842:Universal Access 3782:DiskImageMounter 3737:Audio MIDI Setup 3722:Activity Monitor 3715: 3714: 3598: 3597: 3541:Quicktime Player 3406: 3405: 3333:10.11 El Capitan 3245: 3244: 3194: 3187: 3180: 3171: 3170: 3137:Related articles 3108:Startup sequence 2886:QuickTime Player 2771: 2764: 2757: 2748: 2747: 2736: 2735: 2727: 2726: 2670:Apple Vision Pro 2332:10.15 (Catalina) 2307:10.10 (Yosemite) 2302:10.9 (Mavericks) 2150: 2149: 2057: 2050: 2043: 2034: 2033: 2024: 2008: 2007: 2005: 2003: 1981: 1975: 1955: 1949: 1948: 1946: 1944: 1912: 1902: 1896: 1895: 1893: 1891: 1869: 1863: 1862: 1860: 1858: 1838: 1832: 1831: 1829: 1827: 1818:. Archived from 1812: 1806: 1805: 1803: 1801: 1779: 1773: 1772: 1770: 1768: 1753: 1747: 1746: 1744: 1742: 1723: 1717: 1716: 1714: 1712: 1694: 1688: 1687: 1672: 1666: 1665: 1663: 1661: 1642: 1636: 1635: 1633: 1631: 1625: 1614: 1606: 1600: 1599: 1597: 1595: 1576: 1570: 1569: 1567: 1565: 1544: 1538: 1537: 1527: 1521: 1520: 1515:. Archived from 1501: 1495: 1494: 1492: 1490: 1468: 1459: 1458: 1456: 1454: 1432: 1426: 1425: 1423: 1421: 1396: 1387: 1386: 1381: 1379: 1353: 1347: 1346: 1344: 1342: 1317: 1308: 1307: 1305: 1303: 1278: 1147: 1140: 1133: 1123: 1122: 1095:protected memory 1013:Macintosh Finder 962:Mach microkernel 908:Sun Microsystems 900:Macintosh Finder 773:server computing 673:Mac OS X Leopard 661:Mac OS X Panther 406:protected memory 295:in 2015 for the 287:in 2015 for the 261:in 2007 for its 160:that represents 158:desktop metaphor 66:Macintosh clones 21: 8550: 8549: 8545: 8544: 8543: 8541: 8540: 8539: 8495: 8494: 8493: 8488: 8430: 8391:Defragmentation 8376: 8367: 8353:Protection ring 8322: 8309: 8281: 8274: 8196: 8170: 8108: 8047: 8001: 7996: 7966: 7961: 7933: 7903: 7804: 7800:Susan L. Wagner 7795:Ronald D. Sugar 7747: 7736: 7712:Bertrand Serlet 7682:Nancy R. Heinen 7637:Angela Ahrendts 7583: 7559:Deirdre O'Brien 7529:Craig Federighi 7518:Katherine Adams 7472: 7319:Right to repair 7279:Think different 7250: 7177: 7129:Power Computing 6998: 6939: 6841: 6796: 6753: 6747: 6702: 6696:MLS Season Pass 6597: 6554: 6418:Developer Tools 6413:Core Foundation 6389: 6296: 6276: 6211: 6188: 6155: 6127: 6079: 6002: 5959: 5954: 5924: 5919: 5902: 5898:Software Update 5858:AirPort Utility 5843: 5802: 5783:Quartz Composer 5749: 5708: 5612: 5596: 5493: 5400: 5336:Apple III (SOS) 5317: 5311: 5281: 5276: 5269: 5228: 5203: 5138: 5101: 5019: 4975: 4947: 4937: 4911: 4828: 4799: 4785: 4772: 4704: 4675: 4647: 4623: 4505: 4453: 4439: 4435: 4430: 4408: 4348: 4336: 4306: 4301: 4272: 4221: 4205: 4161:Speakable items 4131:Preference Pane 4111:Mission Control 4001:Core Foundation 3897: 3887: 3883:Software Update 3868:Network Utility 3851: 3827:System Settings 3812:Keychain Access 3732:Archive Utility 3727:AirPort Utility 3702: 3645: 3641:Quartz Composer 3619: 3593:Developer Tools 3587: 3556:version history 3393: 3337: 3301: 3236: 3203: 3198: 3168: 3163: 3132: 3118:System suitcase 2998:Command key (⌘) 2956: 2925: 2906:Software Update 2891:Network Browser 2871:Keychain Access 2831: 2780: 2775: 2745: 2740: 2717: 2617: 2453: 2375: 2196: 2139: 2067: 2061: 2017: 2012: 2011: 2001: 1999: 1982: 1978: 1966:Wayback Machine 1956: 1952: 1942: 1940: 1925: 1915:No Starch Press 1903: 1899: 1889: 1887: 1870: 1866: 1856: 1854: 1839: 1835: 1825: 1823: 1814: 1813: 1809: 1799: 1797: 1780: 1776: 1766: 1764: 1755: 1754: 1750: 1740: 1738: 1725: 1724: 1720: 1710: 1708: 1696: 1695: 1691: 1674: 1673: 1669: 1659: 1657: 1644: 1643: 1639: 1629: 1627: 1626:on May 30, 2009 1623: 1612: 1608: 1607: 1603: 1593: 1591: 1586:July 15, 2004. 1578: 1577: 1573: 1563: 1561: 1546: 1545: 1541: 1528: 1524: 1503: 1502: 1498: 1488: 1486: 1479:No Starch Press 1469: 1462: 1452: 1450: 1433: 1429: 1419: 1417: 1409:Daring Fireball 1404:"Mountain Lion" 1397: 1390: 1377: 1375: 1354: 1350: 1340: 1338: 1321:Hertzfeld, Andy 1318: 1311: 1301: 1299: 1279: 1275: 1270: 1243: 1238: 1233: 1231: 1151: 1120: 1084: 1078: 1062:Microsoft Cairo 1056:as part of the 1035: 1029: 981: 975: 970: 929: 923: 915:Hewlett-Packard 896:X Window System 884: 878: 866:U.S. government 846: 840: 812: 806: 801: 796: 787:Mac OS X Server 769: 709:OS X El Capitan 655:Mac OS X Jaguar 632: 607: 504: 498: 422: 410:access controls 368:Macintosh clone 333:first Macintosh 314: 308: 201:Apple II series 44: 37: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8548: 8538: 8537: 8532: 8527: 8522: 8517: 8512: 8507: 8490: 8489: 8487: 8486: 8481: 8480: 8479: 8477:User interface 8474: 8464: 8459: 8454: 8449: 8444: 8438: 8436: 8432: 8431: 8429: 8428: 8423: 8418: 8413: 8408: 8403: 8401:File attribute 8398: 8393: 8388: 8382: 8380: 8369: 8368: 8366: 8365: 8363:Virtual memory 8360: 8355: 8350: 8345: 8340: 8335: 8329: 8327: 8315: 8314: 8311: 8310: 8308: 8307: 8302: 8297: 8292: 8286: 8284: 8276: 8275: 8273: 8272: 8267: 8262: 8257: 8252: 8247: 8242: 8237: 8235:Context switch 8232: 8217: 8215: 8208: 8202: 8201: 8198: 8197: 8195: 8194: 8189: 8184: 8178: 8176: 8172: 8171: 8169: 8168: 8163: 8158: 8153: 8148: 8143: 8138: 8133: 8127: 8125: 8116: 8110: 8109: 8107: 8106: 8101: 8096: 8091: 8086: 8081: 8076: 8071: 8066: 8061: 8055: 8053: 8049: 8048: 8046: 8045: 8040: 8035: 8030: 8025: 8020: 8015: 8009: 8007: 8003: 8002: 7995: 7994: 7987: 7980: 7972: 7963: 7962: 7960: 7959: 7949: 7942: 7939: 7938: 7935: 7934: 7932: 7931: 7926: 7921: 7915: 7913: 7909: 7908: 7905: 7904: 7902: 7901: 7896: 7891: 7886: 7881: 7876: 7871: 7866: 7864:Robert A. Iger 7861: 7856: 7851: 7849:Mickey Drexler 7846: 7841: 7836: 7831: 7825: 7819: 7812: 7810: 7806: 7805: 7803: 7802: 7797: 7792: 7787: 7782: 7777: 7772: 7766: 7759: 7757: 7750: 7742: 7741: 7738: 7737: 7735: 7734: 7729: 7724: 7719: 7714: 7709: 7707:Jon Rubinstein 7704: 7699: 7694: 7689: 7684: 7679: 7674: 7672:Scott Forstall 7669: 7664: 7659: 7654: 7649: 7644: 7639: 7634: 7628: 7622: 7616: 7610: 7604: 7598: 7591: 7589: 7585: 7584: 7582: 7581: 7576: 7571: 7566: 7561: 7556: 7551: 7546: 7541: 7536: 7534:Isabel Ge Mahe 7531: 7526: 7521: 7515: 7509: 7503: 7496: 7494: 7487: 7478: 7474: 7473: 7471: 7470: 7465: 7464: 7463: 7458: 7448: 7443: 7442: 7441: 7431: 7426: 7425: 7424: 7419: 7414: 7409: 7404: 7394: 7393: 7392: 7382: 7381: 7380: 7370: 7369: 7368: 7363: 7358: 7348: 7343: 7342: 7341: 7336: 7328: 7327: 7326: 7321: 7311: 7306: 7301: 7300: 7299: 7294: 7289: 7282: 7275: 7262: 7260: 7256: 7255: 7252: 7251: 7249: 7248: 7243: 7238: 7233: 7226: 7221: 7216: 7211: 7210: 7209: 7202: 7187: 7185: 7179: 7178: 7176: 7175: 7174: 7173: 7165: 7164: 7163: 7156: 7149: 7144: 7139: 7132: 7125: 7118: 7111: 7104: 7097: 7090: 7083: 7076: 7069: 7062: 7055: 7048: 7041: 7036: 7031: 7026: 7019: 7008: 7006: 7000: 6999: 6997: 6996: 6991: 6986: 6981: 6976: 6971: 6966: 6960: 6958: 6949: 6945: 6944: 6941: 6940: 6938: 6937: 6936: 6935: 6930: 6920: 6915: 6910: 6905: 6904: 6903: 6891: 6890: 6889: 6884: 6879: 6867: 6862: 6861: 6860: 6849: 6847: 6843: 6842: 6840: 6839: 6832: 6825: 6820: 6818:Certifications 6815: 6810: 6804: 6802: 6798: 6797: 6795: 6794: 6793: 6792: 6782: 6781: 6780: 6770: 6769: 6768: 6757: 6755: 6749: 6748: 6746: 6745: 6740: 6739: 6738: 6733: 6721: 6716: 6710: 6708: 6704: 6703: 6701: 6700: 6699: 6698: 6693: 6688: 6678: 6673: 6672: 6671: 6659: 6658: 6657: 6652: 6645: 6638: 6633: 6626: 6616: 6611: 6605: 6603: 6599: 6598: 6596: 6595: 6590: 6585: 6579: 6577: 6570: 6564: 6563: 6560: 6559: 6556: 6555: 6553: 6552: 6547: 6542: 6537: 6532: 6527: 6522: 6517: 6512: 6511: 6510: 6505: 6500: 6490: 6485: 6484: 6483: 6476: 6471: 6459: 6458: 6457: 6447: 6446: 6445: 6440: 6435: 6425: 6420: 6415: 6410: 6405: 6400: 6394: 6391: 6390: 6388: 6387: 6382: 6379:Classic Mac OS 6375: 6370: 6365: 6360: 6355: 6354: 6353: 6348: 6338: 6337: 6336: 6331: 6329:iPadOS history 6326: 6321: 6316: 6301: 6299: 6288: 6282: 6281: 6278: 6277: 6275: 6274: 6269: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6253: 6252: 6242: 6241: 6240: 6230: 6225: 6219: 6217: 6213: 6212: 6210: 6209: 6204: 6198: 6196: 6190: 6189: 6187: 6186: 6181: 6176: 6171: 6165: 6163: 6157: 6156: 6154: 6153: 6148: 6143: 6137: 6135: 6129: 6128: 6126: 6125: 6118: 6111: 6104: 6097: 6089: 6087: 6081: 6080: 6078: 6077: 6072: 6067: 6062: 6061: 6060: 6055: 6045: 6044: 6043: 6030: 6028: 6019: 6010: 6004: 6003: 6001: 6000: 5995: 5990: 5985: 5980: 5975: 5970: 5964: 5961: 5960: 5953: 5952: 5945: 5938: 5930: 5921: 5920: 5907: 5904: 5903: 5901: 5900: 5895: 5890: 5885: 5880: 5875: 5870: 5865: 5860: 5854: 5852: 5845: 5844: 5842: 5841: 5836: 5831: 5826: 5821: 5816: 5810: 5808: 5804: 5803: 5801: 5800: 5795: 5790: 5785: 5780: 5775: 5770: 5765: 5759: 5757: 5751: 5750: 5748: 5747: 5742: 5737: 5732: 5727: 5722: 5716: 5714: 5710: 5709: 5707: 5706: 5701: 5696: 5691: 5686: 5681: 5676: 5671: 5666: 5661: 5656: 5651: 5646: 5641: 5636: 5631: 5626: 5620: 5618: 5614: 5613: 5611: 5610: 5604: 5602: 5598: 5597: 5595: 5594: 5592:Soundtrack Pro 5589: 5584: 5579: 5574: 5569: 5564: 5559: 5558: 5557: 5552: 5547: 5542: 5532: 5527: 5525:DVD Studio Pro 5522: 5517: 5512: 5507: 5501: 5499: 5495: 5494: 5492: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5480: 5479: 5474: 5469: 5459: 5454: 5449: 5444: 5439: 5434: 5429: 5424: 5419: 5414: 5408: 5406: 5402: 5401: 5399: 5398: 5393: 5388: 5383: 5378: 5373: 5368: 5363: 5358: 5353: 5348: 5343: 5341:Classic Mac OS 5338: 5333: 5327: 5325: 5319: 5318: 5310: 5309: 5302: 5295: 5287: 5278: 5277: 5275: 5274: 5264: 5259: 5254: 5249: 5244: 5239: 5233: 5230: 5229: 5227: 5226: 5221: 5215: 5213: 5209: 5208: 5205: 5204: 5202: 5201: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5181: 5178: 5173: 5168: 5161: 5159: 5150: 5144: 5143: 5140: 5139: 5137: 5136: 5131: 5124: 5122: 5113: 5107: 5106: 5103: 5102: 5100: 5099: 5094: 5089: 5084: 5079: 5074: 5069: 5064: 5059: 5054: 5049: 5042: 5040: 5031: 5025: 5024: 5021: 5020: 5018: 5017: 5012: 5007: 5002: 4997: 4992: 4985: 4983: 4977: 4976: 4974: 4973: 4970: 4967: 4964: 4961: 4958: 4955: 4952: 4949: 4943: 4941: 4927: 4921: 4920: 4917: 4916: 4913: 4912: 4910: 4909: 4904: 4899: 4894: 4889: 4884: 4879: 4874: 4869: 4864: 4859: 4854: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4833: 4830: 4829: 4827: 4826: 4821: 4816: 4809: 4803: 4789: 4778: 4777: 4774: 4773: 4771: 4770: 4765: 4760: 4755: 4750: 4745: 4740: 4735: 4730: 4725: 4718: 4716: 4710: 4709: 4706: 4705: 4703: 4702: 4697: 4692: 4687: 4680: 4677: 4676: 4674: 4673: 4668: 4663: 4656: 4650: 4639: 4633: 4632: 4629: 4628: 4625: 4624: 4622: 4621: 4616: 4611: 4606: 4601: 4596: 4594:10.15 Catalina 4591: 4586: 4581: 4576: 4571: 4569:10.10 Yosemite 4566: 4564:10.9 Mavericks 4561: 4556: 4551: 4546: 4541: 4536: 4531: 4526: 4521: 4519:10.0 (Cheetah) 4516: 4510: 4507: 4506: 4504: 4503: 4498: 4493: 4488: 4486:10.3 (Panther) 4483: 4478: 4473: 4471:10.0 (Cheetah) 4468: 4458: 4456: 4445: 4420: 4414: 4413: 4410: 4409: 4407: 4406: 4401: 4400: 4399: 4389: 4384: 4379: 4374: 4368: 4366: 4356: 4350: 4349: 4335: 4334: 4327: 4320: 4312: 4303: 4302: 4300: 4299: 4288: 4281: 4278: 4277: 4274: 4273: 4271: 4270: 4265: 4260: 4255: 4250: 4245: 4240: 4235: 4229: 4227: 4223: 4222: 4220: 4219: 4213: 4211: 4207: 4206: 4204: 4203: 4198: 4193: 4188: 4183: 4178: 4173: 4168: 4163: 4158: 4153: 4148: 4143: 4138: 4133: 4128: 4123: 4118: 4113: 4108: 4103: 4098: 4093: 4088: 4083: 4078: 4073: 4068: 4063: 4058: 4053: 4048: 4043: 4038: 4033: 4028: 4023: 4018: 4013: 4008: 4003: 3998: 3993: 3988: 3986:Core Animation 3983: 3978: 3973: 3968: 3963: 3958: 3953: 3948: 3943: 3938: 3933: 3928: 3923: 3918: 3913: 3907: 3901: 3899:User Interface 3893: 3892: 3889: 3888: 3886: 3885: 3880: 3875: 3870: 3865: 3859: 3857: 3853: 3852: 3850: 3849: 3844: 3839: 3834: 3829: 3824: 3819: 3814: 3809: 3804: 3799: 3794: 3789: 3784: 3779: 3774: 3769: 3767:Crash Reporter 3764: 3759: 3754: 3749: 3744: 3739: 3734: 3729: 3724: 3718: 3712: 3708: 3707: 3704: 3703: 3701: 3700: 3695: 3694: 3693: 3683: 3678: 3673: 3668: 3663: 3657: 3655: 3651: 3650: 3647: 3646: 3644: 3643: 3638: 3633: 3627: 3625: 3621: 3620: 3618: 3617: 3612: 3606: 3604: 3595: 3589: 3588: 3586: 3585: 3580: 3575: 3570: 3565: 3560: 3559: 3558: 3548: 3543: 3538: 3533: 3528: 3523: 3518: 3513: 3508: 3503: 3498: 3493: 3488: 3483: 3478: 3473: 3468: 3463: 3458: 3453: 3448: 3446:Control Center 3443: 3438: 3433: 3428: 3423: 3418: 3412: 3410: 3403: 3399: 3398: 3395: 3394: 3392: 3391: 3386: 3381: 3376: 3371: 3366: 3364:10.15 Catalina 3361: 3356: 3351: 3345: 3343: 3339: 3338: 3336: 3335: 3330: 3328:10.10 Yosemite 3325: 3323:10.9 Mavericks 3320: 3315: 3309: 3307: 3303: 3302: 3300: 3299: 3294: 3289: 3284: 3279: 3274: 3269: 3264: 3259: 3253: 3251: 3242: 3238: 3237: 3235: 3234: 3229: 3224: 3219: 3214: 3208: 3205: 3204: 3197: 3196: 3189: 3182: 3174: 3165: 3164: 3162: 3161: 3156: 3151: 3146: 3140: 3138: 3134: 3133: 3131: 3130: 3125: 3120: 3115: 3110: 3105: 3100: 3095: 3090: 3085: 3080: 3075: 3073:Option key (⌥) 3070: 3065: 3060: 3055: 3050: 3045: 3040: 3035: 3030: 3025: 3020: 3015: 3010: 3005: 3000: 2995: 2990: 2985: 2980: 2975: 2970: 2964: 2962: 2958: 2957: 2955: 2954: 2949: 2944: 2939: 2933: 2931: 2927: 2926: 2924: 2923: 2918: 2913: 2908: 2903: 2898: 2893: 2888: 2883: 2878: 2873: 2868: 2863: 2858: 2853: 2850: 2845: 2839: 2837: 2833: 2832: 2830: 2829: 2824: 2819: 2818: 2817: 2809: 2804: 2799: 2794: 2788: 2786: 2782: 2781: 2778:Classic Mac OS 2774: 2773: 2766: 2759: 2751: 2742: 2741: 2722: 2719: 2718: 2716: 2715: 2714: 2713: 2703: 2702: 2701: 2691: 2690: 2689: 2688: 2687: 2682: 2667: 2666: 2665: 2660: 2650: 2649: 2648: 2638: 2637: 2636: 2625: 2623: 2619: 2618: 2616: 2615: 2614: 2613: 2608: 2603: 2598: 2593: 2588: 2578: 2577: 2576: 2571: 2566: 2561: 2556: 2551: 2546: 2541: 2536: 2531: 2526: 2521: 2516: 2511: 2506: 2501: 2496: 2491: 2481: 2475: 2473: 2459: 2458: 2455: 2454: 2452: 2451: 2450: 2449: 2444: 2443: 2442: 2432: 2427: 2419: 2418: 2417: 2412: 2407: 2402: 2397: 2392: 2383: 2381: 2380:Other projects 2377: 2376: 2374: 2373: 2372: 2371: 2361: 2360: 2359: 2354: 2349: 2344: 2339: 2334: 2329: 2327:10.14 (Mojave) 2324: 2319: 2317:10.12 (Sierra) 2314: 2309: 2304: 2299: 2294: 2289: 2284: 2282:10.5 (Leopard) 2279: 2274: 2272:10.3 (Panther) 2269: 2264: 2259: 2251: 2250: 2249: 2248: 2247: 2234: 2233: 2232: 2227: 2222: 2217: 2206: 2204: 2198: 2197: 2195: 2194: 2189: 2184: 2179: 2174: 2169: 2164: 2158: 2156: 2154:Classic Mac OS 2147: 2141: 2140: 2138: 2137: 2136: 2135: 2130: 2120: 2119: 2118: 2108: 2107: 2106: 2101: 2096: 2085: 2083: 2069: 2068: 2060: 2059: 2052: 2045: 2037: 2031: 2030: 2016: 2015:External links 2013: 2010: 2009: 1976: 1950: 1923: 1897: 1864: 1833: 1807: 1774: 1748: 1718: 1689: 1680:Apple Computer 1667: 1650:The Open Group 1637: 1619:Archived from 1601: 1571: 1539: 1522: 1496: 1460: 1427: 1388: 1348: 1309: 1272: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1265: 1264: 1259: 1254: 1249: 1242: 1239: 1235: 1234: 1156: 1153: 1152: 1150: 1149: 1142: 1135: 1127: 1121: 1119: 1116: 1103:multithreading 1091:classic Mac OS 1080:Main article: 1077: 1074: 1050:classic Mac OS 1031:Main article: 1028: 1025: 977:Main article: 974: 971: 969: 966: 925:Main article: 922: 919: 880:Main article: 877: 874: 842:Main article: 839: 836: 832:expansion card 824:expansion card 808:Main article: 805: 802: 800: 797: 795: 794:Other projects 792: 791: 790: 784: 768: 765: 761: 760: 754: 748: 745:macOS Monterey 742: 736: 733:macOS Catalina 730: 724: 718: 712: 706: 700: 697:OS X Mavericks 694: 688: 682: 676: 670: 667:Mac OS X Tiger 664: 658: 652: 646: 631: 628: 619:10.0 "Cheetah" 606: 603: 500:Main article: 497: 494: 493: 492: 486: 480: 474: 468: 462: 456: 430:classic Mac OS 421: 418: 390:virtual memory 329:classic Mac OS 312:Classic Mac OS 310:Main article: 307: 306:Classic Mac OS 304: 281:smart speakers 274:mobile devices 235:, a Macintosh 156:, featuring a 58:classic Mac OS 34:classic Mac OS 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8547: 8536: 8533: 8531: 8528: 8526: 8523: 8521: 8518: 8516: 8513: 8511: 8508: 8506: 8503: 8502: 8500: 8485: 8482: 8478: 8475: 8473: 8470: 8469: 8468: 8465: 8463: 8460: 8458: 8455: 8453: 8450: 8448: 8445: 8443: 8440: 8439: 8437: 8433: 8427: 8424: 8422: 8419: 8417: 8414: 8412: 8409: 8407: 8404: 8402: 8399: 8397: 8394: 8392: 8389: 8387: 8384: 8383: 8381: 8379: 8374: 8370: 8364: 8361: 8359: 8356: 8354: 8351: 8349: 8346: 8344: 8343:Memory paging 8341: 8339: 8336: 8334: 8331: 8330: 8328: 8325: 8320: 8316: 8306: 8303: 8301: 8298: 8296: 8293: 8291: 8288: 8287: 8285: 8283: 8277: 8271: 8268: 8266: 8263: 8261: 8258: 8256: 8253: 8251: 8248: 8246: 8243: 8241: 8238: 8236: 8233: 8230: 8226: 8222: 8219: 8218: 8216: 8212: 8209: 8207: 8203: 8193: 8190: 8188: 8185: 8183: 8182:Device driver 8180: 8179: 8177: 8173: 8167: 8164: 8162: 8159: 8157: 8154: 8152: 8149: 8147: 8144: 8142: 8139: 8137: 8134: 8132: 8129: 8128: 8126: 8124: 8123:Architectures 8120: 8117: 8115: 8111: 8105: 8102: 8100: 8097: 8095: 8092: 8090: 8087: 8085: 8082: 8080: 8077: 8075: 8072: 8070: 8067: 8065: 8062: 8060: 8057: 8056: 8054: 8050: 8044: 8041: 8039: 8036: 8034: 8031: 8029: 8026: 8024: 8021: 8019: 8016: 8014: 8011: 8010: 8008: 8004: 8000: 7993: 7988: 7986: 7981: 7979: 7974: 7973: 7970: 7958: 7950: 7947: 7944: 7943: 7940: 7930: 7927: 7925: 7924:Steve Wozniak 7922: 7920: 7917: 7916: 7914: 7910: 7900: 7897: 7895: 7892: 7890: 7887: 7885: 7884:Michael Scott 7882: 7880: 7877: 7875: 7872: 7870: 7867: 7865: 7862: 7860: 7859:Larry Ellison 7857: 7855: 7852: 7850: 7847: 7845: 7844:Bill Campbell 7842: 7840: 7837: 7835: 7832: 7829: 7826: 7823: 7820: 7817: 7816:Mike Markkula 7814: 7813: 7811: 7807: 7801: 7798: 7796: 7793: 7791: 7788: 7786: 7783: 7781: 7778: 7776: 7775:James A. Bell 7773: 7770: 7767: 7764: 7761: 7760: 7758: 7754: 7751: 7749: 7743: 7733: 7732:Steve Wozniak 7730: 7728: 7727:Avie Tevanian 7725: 7723: 7722:Sina Tamaddon 7720: 7718: 7715: 7713: 7710: 7708: 7705: 7703: 7700: 7698: 7695: 7693: 7690: 7688: 7685: 7683: 7680: 7678: 7677:Ellen Hancock 7675: 7673: 7670: 7668: 7665: 7663: 7660: 7658: 7655: 7653: 7650: 7648: 7645: 7643: 7640: 7638: 7635: 7632: 7629: 7626: 7623: 7620: 7617: 7614: 7611: 7608: 7605: 7602: 7601:Mike Markkula 7599: 7596: 7595:Michael Scott 7593: 7592: 7590: 7586: 7580: 7577: 7575: 7572: 7570: 7569:Phil Schiller 7567: 7565: 7562: 7560: 7557: 7555: 7552: 7550: 7547: 7545: 7542: 7540: 7537: 7535: 7532: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7522: 7519: 7516: 7513: 7510: 7507: 7506:Jeff Williams 7504: 7501: 7498: 7497: 7495: 7491: 7488: 7486: 7482: 7479: 7475: 7469: 7466: 7462: 7459: 7457: 7454: 7453: 7452: 7449: 7447: 7444: 7440: 7437: 7436: 7435: 7432: 7430: 7427: 7423: 7420: 7418: 7415: 7413: 7410: 7408: 7405: 7403: 7400: 7399: 7398: 7395: 7391: 7388: 7387: 7386: 7383: 7379: 7376: 7375: 7374: 7371: 7367: 7364: 7362: 7359: 7357: 7354: 7353: 7352: 7349: 7347: 7344: 7340: 7337: 7335: 7332: 7331: 7330:Headquarters 7329: 7325: 7322: 7320: 7317: 7316: 7315: 7312: 7310: 7307: 7305: 7302: 7298: 7295: 7293: 7290: 7287: 7283: 7280: 7276: 7273: 7269: 7268: 7267: 7264: 7263: 7261: 7257: 7247: 7244: 7242: 7239: 7237: 7234: 7232: 7231: 7230:Digital Ocean 7227: 7225: 7222: 7220: 7217: 7215: 7212: 7208: 7207: 7203: 7201: 7200: 7196: 7195: 7194: 7193: 7189: 7188: 7186: 7184: 7180: 7172: 7169: 7168: 7166: 7162: 7161: 7157: 7155: 7154: 7150: 7148: 7145: 7143: 7140: 7138: 7137: 7133: 7131: 7130: 7126: 7124: 7123: 7119: 7117: 7116: 7112: 7110: 7109: 7105: 7103: 7102: 7098: 7096: 7095: 7091: 7089: 7088: 7084: 7082: 7081: 7077: 7075: 7074: 7070: 7068: 7067: 7063: 7061: 7060: 7056: 7054: 7053: 7049: 7047: 7046: 7042: 7040: 7037: 7035: 7032: 7030: 7027: 7025: 7024: 7020: 7018: 7015: 7014: 7013: 7010: 7009: 7007: 7005: 7001: 6995: 6992: 6990: 6987: 6985: 6982: 6980: 6977: 6975: 6974:Apple Studios 6972: 6970: 6967: 6965: 6962: 6961: 6959: 6957: 6953: 6950: 6946: 6934: 6931: 6929: 6926: 6925: 6924: 6921: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6902: 6901: 6897: 6896: 6895: 6892: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6880: 6878: 6877: 6873: 6872: 6871: 6868: 6866: 6863: 6859: 6856: 6855: 6854: 6851: 6850: 6848: 6844: 6838: 6837: 6833: 6831: 6830: 6826: 6824: 6821: 6819: 6816: 6814: 6811: 6809: 6806: 6805: 6803: 6799: 6791: 6788: 6787: 6786: 6783: 6779: 6776: 6775: 6774: 6771: 6767: 6764: 6763: 6762: 6759: 6758: 6756: 6754:digital sales 6750: 6744: 6741: 6737: 6734: 6732: 6731: 6727: 6726: 6725: 6722: 6720: 6719:Walkie-Talkie 6717: 6715: 6712: 6711: 6709: 6707:Communication 6705: 6697: 6694: 6692: 6689: 6687: 6684: 6683: 6682: 6679: 6677: 6674: 6670: 6669: 6665: 6664: 6663: 6660: 6656: 6653: 6651: 6650: 6646: 6644: 6643: 6639: 6637: 6634: 6632: 6631: 6627: 6625: 6622: 6621: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6606: 6604: 6600: 6594: 6591: 6589: 6586: 6584: 6581: 6580: 6578: 6574: 6571: 6569: 6565: 6551: 6548: 6546: 6543: 6541: 6538: 6536: 6533: 6531: 6528: 6526: 6523: 6521: 6518: 6516: 6513: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6499: 6496: 6495: 6494: 6491: 6489: 6486: 6482: 6481: 6477: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6466: 6465: 6464: 6460: 6456: 6453: 6452: 6451: 6448: 6444: 6441: 6439: 6436: 6434: 6431: 6430: 6429: 6428:Final Cut Pro 6426: 6424: 6421: 6419: 6416: 6414: 6411: 6409: 6406: 6404: 6401: 6399: 6396: 6395: 6392: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6380: 6376: 6374: 6371: 6369: 6366: 6364: 6361: 6359: 6356: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6344: 6343: 6342: 6339: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6322: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6312: 6311: 6310: 6306: 6303: 6302: 6300: 6298: 6292: 6289: 6287: 6283: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6251: 6248: 6247: 6246: 6243: 6239: 6236: 6235: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6220: 6218: 6214: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6199: 6197: 6195: 6191: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6177: 6175: 6172: 6170: 6167: 6166: 6164: 6162: 6158: 6152: 6151:iPhone models 6149: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6139: 6138: 6136: 6134: 6130: 6124: 6123: 6119: 6117: 6116: 6112: 6110: 6109: 6105: 6103: 6102: 6098: 6096: 6095: 6091: 6090: 6088: 6086: 6082: 6076: 6073: 6071: 6068: 6066: 6063: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6051: 6050: 6049: 6046: 6042: 6041: 6037: 6036: 6035: 6032: 6031: 6029: 6027: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6014: 6011: 6009: 6005: 5999: 5996: 5994: 5991: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5981: 5979: 5976: 5974: 5971: 5969: 5966: 5965: 5962: 5958: 5951: 5946: 5944: 5939: 5937: 5932: 5931: 5928: 5918: 5914: 5910: 5905: 5899: 5896: 5894: 5891: 5889: 5886: 5884: 5881: 5879: 5876: 5874: 5871: 5869: 5866: 5864: 5861: 5859: 5856: 5855: 5853: 5851: 5846: 5840: 5837: 5835: 5832: 5830: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5820: 5817: 5815: 5812: 5811: 5809: 5805: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5789: 5786: 5784: 5781: 5779: 5776: 5774: 5771: 5769: 5768:iBooks Author 5766: 5764: 5761: 5760: 5758: 5756: 5752: 5746: 5743: 5741: 5738: 5736: 5733: 5731: 5728: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5718: 5717: 5715: 5711: 5705: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5695: 5692: 5690: 5687: 5685: 5682: 5680: 5677: 5675: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5621: 5619: 5615: 5609: 5606: 5605: 5603: 5599: 5593: 5590: 5588: 5585: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5537: 5536: 5535:Final Cut Pro 5533: 5531: 5528: 5526: 5523: 5521: 5518: 5516: 5515:Apple Qmaster 5513: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5502: 5500: 5496: 5490: 5489:Logic Express 5487: 5485: 5482: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5464: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5445: 5443: 5440: 5438: 5435: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5410: 5409: 5407: 5403: 5397: 5394: 5392: 5389: 5387: 5384: 5382: 5379: 5377: 5374: 5372: 5369: 5367: 5364: 5362: 5359: 5357: 5354: 5352: 5349: 5347: 5344: 5342: 5339: 5337: 5334: 5332: 5329: 5328: 5326: 5324: 5320: 5316: 5308: 5303: 5301: 5296: 5294: 5289: 5288: 5285: 5272: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5234: 5231: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5216: 5214: 5210: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5174: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5163: 5162: 5160: 5158: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5145: 5135: 5132: 5130: 5126: 5125: 5123: 5121: 5117: 5114: 5112: 5108: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5065: 5063: 5060: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5044: 5043: 5041: 5039: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5026: 5016: 5013: 5011: 5008: 5006: 5003: 5001: 4998: 4996: 4993: 4991: 4987: 4986: 4984: 4982: 4978: 4971: 4968: 4965: 4962: 4959: 4956: 4953: 4950: 4945: 4944: 4942: 4940: 4935: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4922: 4908: 4905: 4903: 4900: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4888: 4885: 4883: 4880: 4878: 4875: 4873: 4870: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4834: 4831: 4825: 4822: 4820: 4817: 4815: 4811: 4810: 4807: 4804: 4802: 4797: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4783: 4779: 4769: 4766: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4756: 4754: 4751: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4741: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4731: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4720: 4719: 4717: 4715: 4711: 4701: 4698: 4696: 4693: 4691: 4688: 4686: 4682: 4681: 4678: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4658: 4657: 4654: 4651: 4649: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4634: 4620: 4617: 4615: 4612: 4610: 4607: 4605: 4602: 4600: 4597: 4595: 4592: 4590: 4587: 4585: 4582: 4580: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4532: 4530: 4529:10.2 (Jaguar) 4527: 4525: 4522: 4520: 4517: 4515: 4512: 4511: 4508: 4502: 4499: 4497: 4494: 4492: 4489: 4487: 4484: 4482: 4481:10.2 (Jaguar) 4479: 4477: 4474: 4472: 4469: 4467: 4463: 4460: 4459: 4457: 4455: 4449: 4446: 4443: 4438: 4433: 4428: 4424: 4421: 4419: 4415: 4405: 4402: 4398: 4395: 4394: 4393: 4390: 4388: 4385: 4383: 4380: 4378: 4375: 4373: 4370: 4369: 4367: 4365: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4351: 4347: 4344: 4340: 4333: 4328: 4326: 4321: 4319: 4314: 4313: 4310: 4298: 4289: 4286: 4283: 4282: 4279: 4269: 4266: 4264: 4261: 4259: 4256: 4254: 4251: 4249: 4246: 4244: 4241: 4239: 4238:Brushed metal 4236: 4234: 4231: 4230: 4228: 4224: 4218: 4215: 4214: 4212: 4208: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4189: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4169: 4167: 4164: 4162: 4159: 4157: 4156:Smart Folders 4154: 4152: 4149: 4147: 4144: 4142: 4139: 4137: 4136:Property list 4134: 4132: 4129: 4127: 4124: 4122: 4119: 4117: 4114: 4112: 4109: 4107: 4104: 4102: 4099: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4089: 4087: 4084: 4082: 4079: 4077: 4074: 4072: 4069: 4067: 4064: 4062: 4059: 4057: 4054: 4052: 4049: 4047: 4044: 4042: 4039: 4037: 4034: 4032: 4029: 4027: 4024: 4022: 4019: 4017: 4014: 4012: 4009: 4007: 4004: 4002: 3999: 3997: 3994: 3992: 3989: 3987: 3984: 3982: 3979: 3977: 3974: 3972: 3969: 3967: 3964: 3962: 3959: 3957: 3954: 3952: 3949: 3947: 3944: 3942: 3939: 3937: 3934: 3932: 3929: 3927: 3924: 3922: 3919: 3917: 3914: 3912: 3909: 3908: 3905: 3902: 3900: 3894: 3884: 3881: 3879: 3876: 3874: 3871: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3861: 3860: 3858: 3854: 3848: 3845: 3843: 3840: 3838: 3835: 3833: 3830: 3828: 3825: 3823: 3822:Script Editor 3820: 3818: 3815: 3813: 3810: 3808: 3805: 3803: 3802:Image Capture 3800: 3798: 3795: 3793: 3790: 3788: 3785: 3783: 3780: 3778: 3775: 3773: 3770: 3768: 3765: 3763: 3760: 3758: 3755: 3753: 3750: 3748: 3745: 3743: 3740: 3738: 3735: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3723: 3720: 3719: 3716: 3713: 3709: 3699: 3696: 3692: 3689: 3688: 3687: 3684: 3682: 3679: 3677: 3674: 3672: 3669: 3667: 3664: 3662: 3659: 3658: 3656: 3652: 3642: 3639: 3637: 3634: 3632: 3629: 3628: 3626: 3622: 3616: 3613: 3611: 3608: 3607: 3605: 3603: 3599: 3596: 3594: 3590: 3584: 3581: 3579: 3576: 3574: 3571: 3569: 3566: 3564: 3561: 3557: 3554: 3553: 3552: 3549: 3547: 3544: 3542: 3539: 3537: 3534: 3532: 3529: 3527: 3524: 3522: 3519: 3517: 3514: 3512: 3509: 3507: 3504: 3502: 3499: 3497: 3494: 3492: 3489: 3487: 3484: 3482: 3479: 3477: 3474: 3472: 3469: 3467: 3464: 3462: 3459: 3457: 3454: 3452: 3449: 3447: 3444: 3442: 3439: 3437: 3434: 3432: 3429: 3427: 3424: 3422: 3419: 3417: 3414: 3413: 3411: 3407: 3404: 3400: 3390: 3387: 3385: 3382: 3380: 3377: 3375: 3372: 3370: 3367: 3365: 3362: 3360: 3357: 3355: 3352: 3350: 3347: 3346: 3344: 3340: 3334: 3331: 3329: 3326: 3324: 3321: 3319: 3316: 3314: 3311: 3310: 3308: 3304: 3298: 3295: 3293: 3290: 3288: 3285: 3283: 3280: 3278: 3275: 3273: 3270: 3268: 3265: 3263: 3260: 3258: 3255: 3254: 3252: 3250: 3246: 3243: 3239: 3233: 3230: 3228: 3225: 3223: 3222:Built-in apps 3220: 3218: 3215: 3213: 3210: 3209: 3206: 3202: 3195: 3190: 3188: 3183: 3181: 3176: 3175: 3172: 3160: 3157: 3155: 3154:New World ROM 3152: 3150: 3149:Old World ROM 3147: 3145: 3142: 3141: 3139: 3135: 3129: 3126: 3124: 3121: 3119: 3116: 3114: 3113:System folder 3111: 3109: 3106: 3104: 3101: 3099: 3098:Resource fork 3096: 3094: 3091: 3089: 3086: 3084: 3081: 3079: 3076: 3074: 3071: 3069: 3066: 3064: 3061: 3059: 3056: 3054: 3051: 3049: 3046: 3044: 3041: 3039: 3036: 3034: 3031: 3029: 3026: 3024: 3021: 3019: 3016: 3014: 3011: 3009: 3008:Control Strip 3006: 3004: 3003:Control Panel 3001: 2999: 2996: 2994: 2991: 2989: 2986: 2984: 2981: 2979: 2976: 2974: 2971: 2969: 2966: 2965: 2963: 2959: 2953: 2950: 2948: 2945: 2943: 2940: 2938: 2935: 2934: 2932: 2928: 2922: 2919: 2917: 2914: 2912: 2909: 2907: 2904: 2902: 2899: 2897: 2894: 2892: 2889: 2887: 2884: 2882: 2879: 2877: 2876:PictureViewer 2874: 2872: 2869: 2867: 2864: 2862: 2859: 2857: 2854: 2851: 2849: 2846: 2844: 2841: 2840: 2838: 2834: 2828: 2825: 2823: 2820: 2815: 2814: 2813: 2810: 2808: 2805: 2803: 2800: 2798: 2795: 2793: 2790: 2789: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2772: 2767: 2765: 2760: 2758: 2753: 2752: 2749: 2739: 2730: 2720: 2712: 2709: 2708: 2707: 2704: 2700: 2697: 2696: 2695: 2692: 2686: 2683: 2681: 2678: 2677: 2676: 2673: 2672: 2671: 2668: 2664: 2661: 2659: 2656: 2655: 2654: 2651: 2647: 2644: 2643: 2642: 2639: 2635: 2632: 2631: 2630: 2627: 2626: 2624: 2622:Other devices 2620: 2612: 2609: 2607: 2604: 2602: 2599: 2597: 2594: 2592: 2589: 2587: 2584: 2583: 2582: 2579: 2575: 2572: 2570: 2567: 2565: 2562: 2560: 2557: 2555: 2552: 2550: 2547: 2545: 2542: 2540: 2537: 2535: 2532: 2530: 2527: 2525: 2522: 2520: 2517: 2515: 2512: 2510: 2507: 2505: 2502: 2500: 2497: 2495: 2492: 2490: 2487: 2486: 2485: 2482: 2480: 2479:iPod software 2477: 2476: 2474: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2448: 2445: 2441: 2438: 2437: 2436: 2433: 2431: 2428: 2426: 2423: 2422: 2420: 2416: 2413: 2411: 2408: 2406: 2403: 2401: 2398: 2396: 2393: 2391: 2388: 2387: 2385: 2384: 2382: 2378: 2370: 2367: 2366: 2365: 2362: 2358: 2355: 2353: 2350: 2348: 2345: 2343: 2342:12 (Monterey) 2340: 2338: 2335: 2333: 2330: 2328: 2325: 2323: 2320: 2318: 2315: 2313: 2310: 2308: 2305: 2303: 2300: 2298: 2295: 2293: 2290: 2288: 2285: 2283: 2280: 2278: 2275: 2273: 2270: 2268: 2267:10.2 (Jaguar) 2265: 2263: 2260: 2258: 2255: 2254: 2252: 2246: 2243: 2242: 2241: 2238: 2237: 2235: 2231: 2228: 2226: 2223: 2221: 2218: 2216: 2213: 2212: 2211: 2208: 2207: 2205: 2203: 2199: 2193: 2190: 2188: 2185: 2183: 2180: 2178: 2175: 2173: 2170: 2168: 2165: 2163: 2160: 2159: 2157: 2155: 2151: 2148: 2146: 2142: 2134: 2131: 2129: 2126: 2125: 2124: 2121: 2117: 2114: 2113: 2112: 2109: 2105: 2102: 2100: 2097: 2095: 2092: 2091: 2090: 2087: 2086: 2084: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2058: 2053: 2051: 2046: 2044: 2039: 2038: 2035: 2028: 2023: 2019: 2018: 1997: 1993: 1992: 1987: 1980: 1973: 1972: 1967: 1963: 1960: 1954: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1924:9781886411289 1920: 1916: 1911: 1910: 1901: 1885: 1881: 1880: 1875: 1868: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1837: 1821: 1817: 1811: 1795: 1791: 1790: 1785: 1778: 1762: 1758: 1752: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1722: 1706: 1703: 1699: 1693: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1671: 1660:September 29, 1655: 1651: 1647: 1641: 1622: 1618: 1611: 1605: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1575: 1559: 1555: 1554: 1549: 1543: 1535: 1534: 1526: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1500: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1475: 1467: 1465: 1448: 1444: 1443: 1438: 1431: 1415: 1411: 1410: 1405: 1401: 1395: 1393: 1385: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1364: 1359: 1352: 1336: 1332: 1331: 1326: 1322: 1316: 1314: 1302:September 13, 1297: 1293: 1292: 1287: 1283: 1277: 1273: 1263: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1253: 1250: 1248: 1245: 1244: 1155: 1154: 1148: 1143: 1141: 1136: 1134: 1129: 1128: 1125: 1124: 1115: 1113: 1109: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1083: 1073: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1034: 1024: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 986: 980: 965: 964:version 3.0. 963: 959: 954: 950: 946: 942: 938: 934: 928: 918: 916: 912: 909: 905: 901: 898:to emulate a 897: 893: 889: 883: 873: 871: 867: 863: 859: 858:look and feel 855: 851: 845: 835: 833: 829: 825: 821: 817: 811: 788: 785: 782: 779: 778: 777: 774: 764: 758: 755: 752: 751:macOS Ventura 749: 746: 743: 740: 739:macOS Big Sur 737: 734: 731: 728: 725: 722: 719: 716: 713: 710: 707: 704: 703:OS X Yosemite 701: 698: 695: 692: 689: 686: 685:Mac OS X Lion 683: 680: 677: 674: 671: 668: 665: 662: 659: 656: 653: 650: 649:Mac OS X 10.1 647: 644: 643:Mac OS X 10.0 641: 640: 639: 637: 624: 620: 616: 611: 602: 600: 596: 592: 588: 584: 580: 575: 573: 569: 565: 562: 557: 555: 551: 547: 543: 539: 535: 531: 527: 522: 520: 512: 511:macOS Big Sur 508: 503: 490: 487: 484: 481: 478: 475: 472: 469: 466: 463: 460: 457: 454: 451: 450: 449: 447: 443: 435: 432:started with 431: 426: 417: 415: 411: 407: 403: 399: 398:user-friendly 395: 391: 387: 384: 380: 376: 371: 369: 365: 362:previewed at 361: 357: 353: 349: 345: 340: 338: 334: 330: 322: 318: 313: 303: 301: 298: 294: 290: 286: 282: 279: 275: 272: 268: 264: 260: 256: 251: 249: 246: 242: 238: 234: 230: 226: 222: 219:in 1980 runs 218: 214: 210: 206: 202: 197: 195: 191: 187: 183: 179: 178:file deletion 175: 171: 167: 163: 159: 155: 152: 148: 144: 139: 137: 133: 129: 126: 122: 118: 114: 110: 105: 103: 99: 95: 91: 86: 82: 78: 74: 69: 67: 63: 59: 54: 52: 48: 42: 35: 30: 19: 8378:file systems 8270:Time-sharing 7945: 7929:Ronald Wayne 7879:Eric Schmidt 7869:Delano Lewis 7854:Al Eisenstat 7822:John Sculley 7717:Bruce Sewell 7662:Al Eisenstat 7647:John Browett 7607:John Sculley 7574:Johny Srouji 7549:Greg Joswiak 7544:Lisa Jackson 7512:Luca Maestri 7390:AppleMasters 7228: 7204: 7199:Kaleida Labs 7197: 7192:AIM alliance 7190: 7183:Partnerships 7158: 7151: 7134: 7127: 7120: 7115:Nothing Real 7113: 7106: 7099: 7092: 7085: 7078: 7071: 7064: 7057: 7050: 7043: 7021: 7004:Acquisitions 6956:Subsidiaries 6898: 6874: 6834: 6827: 6790:Fifth Avenue 6773:iTunes Store 6728: 6666: 6649:iTunes Radio 6647: 6640: 6628: 6478: 6461: 6377: 6120: 6113: 6106: 6099: 6092: 6038: 5998:Trade unions 5993:Supply chain 5824:iAd Producer 5730:macOS Server 5725:FoundationDB 5562:Logic Studio 5555:Cinema Tools 5498:Professional 5371:macOS (OS X) 5313:Software by 5270: 4589:10.14 Mojave 4544:10.5 Leopard 4534:10.3 Panther 4491:10.4 (Tiger) 4353: 4284: 4226:Discontinued 4081:Kernel panic 3951:AVFoundation 3856:Discontinued 3787:Disk Utility 3757:Configurator 3624:Former tools 3583:Time Machine 3402:Applications 3359:10.14 Mojave 3349:10.12 Sierra 3292:10.5 Leopard 3282:10.3 Panther 3267:10.0 Cheetah 3217:Architecture 3103:Sosumi sound 3013:Creator code 2988:Balloon help 2836:Applications 2357:15 (Sequoia) 2347:13 (Ventura) 2337:11 (Big Sur) 2277:10.4 (Tiger) 2144: 2000:. Retrieved 1989: 1979: 1971:The Register 1969: 1953: 1941:. Retrieved 1908: 1900: 1890:November 10, 1888:. Retrieved 1877: 1867: 1855:. Retrieved 1836: 1824:. Retrieved 1820:the original 1810: 1798:. Retrieved 1787: 1777: 1765:. Retrieved 1751: 1739:. Retrieved 1721: 1709:. Retrieved 1692: 1684:the original 1670: 1658:. Retrieved 1640: 1628:. Retrieved 1621:the original 1604: 1594:September 6, 1592:. Retrieved 1574: 1562:. Retrieved 1551: 1542: 1531: 1525: 1517:the original 1508: 1499: 1487:. Retrieved 1473: 1451:. Retrieved 1440: 1430: 1418:. Retrieved 1407: 1400:Gruber, John 1383: 1376:. Retrieved 1363:Ars Technica 1361: 1351: 1339:. Retrieved 1330:folklore.org 1328: 1300:. Retrieved 1289: 1282:Gruber, John 1276: 1085: 1058:AIM alliance 1036: 991:-compatible 982: 958:Linux kernel 930: 911:SPARCstation 904:System 7.5.3 885: 872:compliance. 847: 813: 770: 762: 757:macOS Sonoma 727:macOS Mojave 715:macOS Sierra 633: 576: 558: 523: 516: 439: 372: 341: 326: 257:, including 252: 198: 194:multitasking 166:applications 140: 106: 70: 55: 46: 45: 29: 8396:Device file 8386:Boot loader 8300:Round-robin 8225:Cooperative 8161:Rump kernel 8151:Multikernel 8141:Microkernel 8038:Usage share 7874:Arthur Rock 7790:Andrea Jung 7780:Alex Gorsky 7692:David Nagel 7687:Ron Johnson 7667:Tony Fadell 7657:Paul Deneve 7579:John Ternus 7468:Car project 7456:Asahi Linux 7297:Product Red 7266:Advertising 7241:Imagination 7066:FingerWorks 7039:BIS Records 6933:Look Around 6743:Game Center 6630:Beats Music 6324:iOS history 6184:Accessories 5983:Environment 5773:Instruments 5684:Photo Booth 5577:MacTerminal 5376:MacWorks XL 5029:Apple Watch 4814:iPhone OS 1 4604:12 Monterey 4524:10.1 (Puma) 4476:10.1 (Puma) 4116:Night Shift 4011:Core OpenGL 3981:Command key 3946:Audio Units 3936:AppleScript 3797:Help Viewer 3610:Instruments 3526:Photo Booth 3471:Game Center 3374:12 Monterey 3277:10.2 Jaguar 3262:Public Beta 3128:WorldScript 3063:MultiFinder 2852:Drive Setup 2641:Apple Watch 2499:iPhone OS 3 2494:iPhone OS 2 2489:iPhone OS 1 2352:14 (Sonoma) 2292:10.7 (Lion) 2262:10.1 (Puma) 2230:Public Beta 2002:October 23, 1879:Low End Mac 1741:October 13, 1711:October 25, 1630:February 5, 1553:Low End Mac 1453:January 16, 1042:portmanteau 1009:Windows 3.0 941:open source 862:workstation 852:-based OS, 623:10.1 "Puma" 570:kernel and 561:open source 300:set-top box 289:Apple Watch 233:MacWorks XL 174:directories 8499:Categories 8326:protection 8282:algorithms 8280:Scheduling 8229:Preemptive 8175:Components 8146:Monolithic 8013:Comparison 7919:Steve Jobs 7899:Jerry York 7834:Gil Amelio 7830:(Chairman) 7828:Steve Jobs 7824:(Chairman) 7818:(Chairman) 7765:(Chairman) 7625:Steve Jobs 7619:Gil Amelio 7564:Dan Riccio 7554:Sabih Khan 7485:Executives 7422:Epic Games 7397:Litigation 7361:Typography 7346:University 7167:Potential 7136:PrimeSense 7073:Intrinsity 6882:TestFlight 6836:One to One 6823:Genius Bar 6808:AppleCare+ 6752:Retail and 6469:GarageBand 6438:Compressor 6267:Vision Pro 5957:Apple Inc. 5863:AppleWorks 5735:WebObjects 5624:AppleWorks 5572:MacProject 5545:Compressor 5432:GarageBand 5224:PureDarwin 5219:OpenDarwin 4787:iPod Touch 4619:15 Sequoia 4609:13 Ventura 4599:11 Big Sur 4539:10.4 Tiger 4210:Deprecated 4146:Quick Look 4126:Option key 4101:Menu extra 4061:Gatekeeper 4056:Foundation 4031:Cover Flow 4021:Core Video 4006:Core Image 3991:Core Audio 3926:Apple menu 3456:DVD Player 3451:Dictionary 3426:Calculator 3389:15 Sequoia 3379:13 Ventura 3369:11 Big Sur 3287:10.4 Tiger 3257:Server 1.0 3023:Extensions 2993:Bomb error 2978:Apple menu 2961:Technology 2921:SimpleText 2856:DVD Player 2843:Calculator 2685:visionOS 2 2680:visionOS 1 2421:Cancelled 1800:October 1, 1767:October 1, 1731:Apple Inc. 1702:Apple Inc. 1617:Apple Inc. 1584:Apple Inc. 1564:October 1, 1489:October 1, 1420:August 15, 1268:References 548:, Apple's 542:Steve Jobs 536:and other 434:Mac OS 7.6 414:extensions 404:, lack of 375:monolithic 364:Xerox PARC 360:Steve Jobs 271:iPod Touch 231:and later 223:; and the 125:code named 51:Apple Inc. 8416:Partition 8333:Bus error 8260:Real-time 8240:Interrupt 8166:Unikernel 8131:Exokernel 7748:directors 7461:iPodLinux 7439:#AppleToo 7402:Antitrust 7385:Community 7378:Codenames 7314:Criticism 7304:Ecosystem 7286:Get a Mac 7122:P.A. Semi 7023:AuthenTec 7012:Completed 6969:Apple IMC 6948:Companies 6870:Developer 6761:App Store 6691:originals 6668:Newsstand 6576:Financial 6520:QuickTime 6455:MainStage 6450:Logic Pro 6423:FileMaker 6403:Classroom 6295:Operating 6223:Apple SIM 5988:Marketing 5893:QuickTime 5873:Boot Camp 5763:HyperCard 5755:Developer 5679:Passwords 5608:Classroom 5601:Education 5582:MainStage 5567:Logic Pro 5530:FileMaker 5427:Front Row 5331:Apple DOS 4934:iPhone OS 4796:iPhone OS 4614:14 Sonoma 4554:10.7 Lion 4466:Rhapsody) 4418:Macintosh 4258:QuickTime 4166:Spotlight 4046:FileVault 4016:Core Text 3996:Core Data 3976:ColorSync 3847:VoiceOver 3807:Installer 3792:Font Book 3752:ColorSync 3747:Boot Camp 3711:Utilities 3666:Front Row 3661:Dashboard 3615:FileMerge 3563:Shortcuts 3546:Reminders 3486:Launchpad 3421:Automator 3416:App Store 3384:14 Sonoma 3313:10.7 Lion 3272:10.1 Puma 3123:Type code 3093:QuickTime 3088:QuickDraw 2937:HyperCard 2930:Developer 2896:Scrapbook 2881:PowerTalk 2634:Newton OS 2611:iPadOS 18 2606:iPadOS 17 2601:iPadOS 16 2596:iPadOS 15 2591:iPadOS 14 2586:iPadOS 13 2425:Star Trek 2111:Apple III 2094:Apple DOS 1933:245921029 1789:InfoWorld 1378:April 15, 1017:QuickTime 1005:Microsoft 973:Star Trek 771:An early 617:versions 579:iPhone OS 339:in 2001. 241:Newton OS 221:Apple SOS 217:Apple III 205:Apple DOS 186:trash can 128:Star Trek 109:Unix-like 8462:Live USB 8324:resource 8214:Concepts 8052:Variants 8033:Timeline 7957:Category 7912:Founders 7769:Tim Cook 7746:Board of 7631:Jony Ive 7524:Eddy Cue 7500:Tim Cook 7206:Taligent 7052:EditGrid 6900:MobileMe 6724:iMessage 6714:FaceTime 6676:Podcasts 6642:Festival 6568:Services 6530:SceneKit 6385:visionOS 6368:bridgeOS 6286:Software 6141:Hardware 6017:Hardware 6008:Products 5888:MobileMe 5839:MobileMe 5819:Dashcode 5807:Internet 5704:TextEdit 5694:Podcasts 5669:MacWrite 5664:MacPaint 5654:FaceTime 5649:Messages 5639:Contacts 5634:Calendar 5505:Aperture 5405:Consumer 5391:visionOS 5120:bridgeOS 5111:Embedded 4648:Software 4646:Apple TV 4637:Apple TV 4452:Mac OS X 4427:Mac OS X 4404:Rhapsody 4392:OpenStep 4387:NeXTSTEP 4297:Category 4086:Keychain 3966:CloudKit 3837:Terminal 3698:Sherlock 3636:Dashcode 3578:TextEdit 3573:Stickies 3521:Podcasts 3496:Messages 3461:FaceTime 3441:Contacts 3431:Calendar 3249:Mac OS X 3241:Versions 3232:Software 3159:Software 3058:Managers 3038:Keychain 3033:HFS Plus 2911:Stickies 2901:Sherlock 2827:Mac OS 9 2822:Mac OS 8 2816:Mac OS 7 2812:System 7 2807:System 6 2802:System 5 2792:System 1 2785:Versions 2738:Category 2711:bridgeOS 2706:T series 2675:visionOS 2653:Apple TV 2447:Vanguard 2440:Nukernel 2430:Taligent 2386:Shipped 2253:Desktop 2225:Rhapsody 2220:OpenStep 2215:NeXTSTEP 2192:Mac OS 9 2187:Mac OS 8 2182:System 7 2177:System 6 2172:System 5 2162:System 1 2133:MacWorks 2089:Apple II 2073:Apple II 1996:Archived 1962:Archived 1937:Archived 1884:Archived 1857:April 4, 1851:Archived 1826:March 4, 1794:Archived 1761:Archived 1735:Archived 1705:Archived 1654:Archived 1588:Archived 1558:Archived 1533:Macworld 1483:Archived 1447:Archived 1442:Macworld 1414:Archived 1372:Archived 1335:Archived 1296:Archived 1291:Macworld 1241:See also 1118:Timeline 1112:NeXTSTEP 1110:for its 1066:NeXTSTEP 1038:Taligent 1033:Taligent 1027:Taligent 935:(WWDC), 615:Mac OS X 605:Releases 599:visionOS 550:Rhapsody 546:OPENSTEP 534:NeXTSTEP 489:Mac OS 9 483:Mac OS 8 446:Mac OS X 420:Releases 337:Mac OS X 321:Mac OS 9 297:Apple TV 243:for its 237:emulator 147:menu bar 132:Taligent 81:NeXTSTEP 8457:Live CD 8411:Journal 8375:access, 8373:Storage 8250:Process 8156:vkernel 8023:History 8006:General 7946:Italics 7785:Al Gore 7756:Current 7493:Current 7373:History 7259:Related 7153:Texture 6928:Flyover 6913:Fitness 6908:Find My 6829:ProCare 6801:Support 6778:Connect 6636:Up Next 6503:Numbers 6498:Keynote 6408:HomeKit 6398:CarPlay 6363:watchOS 6346:History 6314:iPhones 6297:systems 6257:Silicon 6245:HomePod 6194:AirPods 6146:History 6115:Shuffle 6094:Classic 6048:MacBook 5973:Outline 5968:History 5868:Bonjour 5850:Windows 5788:ResEdit 5659:MacDraw 5617:Bundled 5477:Numbers 5467:Keynote 5396:watchOS 5366:Lisa OS 5271:Italics 5157:audioOS 5148:HomePod 5038:watchOS 4442:history 4397:GNUstep 4354:History 4343:derived 4285:Italics 4253:Inkwell 4201:XQuartz 4151:Rosetta 4091:launchd 3956:Bonjour 3911:AirDrop 3762:Console 3691:history 3536:Preview 3476:Grapher 3212:History 2983:At Ease 2952:ResEdit 2942:MacsBug 2848:Chooser 2699:audioOS 2694:HomePod 2646:watchOS 2435:Copland 2410:MkLinux 2210:History 2128:Lisa OS 1991:PCWorld 1943:May 29, 1341:May 10, 1087:Copland 1076:Copland 1021:PowerPC 953:PowerPC 951:to the 937:MkLinux 927:MkLinux 921:MkLinux 830:-based 799:Shipped 630:Desktop 591:watchOS 394:PowerPC 352:Lisa OS 285:watchOS 278:HomePod 229:Lisa OS 190:windows 182:folders 136:Copland 121:MkLinux 98:watchOS 8265:Thread 8136:Hybrid 8114:Kernel 7809:Former 7588:Former 7477:People 7434:Unions 7351:Design 7334:Campus 7309:Events 7214:Akamai 7171:Disney 7101:Metaio 7059:Emagic 7034:Beddit 7017:Anobit 6994:Claris 6984:Beddit 6964:Anobit 6918:Photos 6894:iCloud 6609:Arcade 6593:Wallet 6535:Shazam 6525:Safari 6488:iTunes 6480:iPhoto 6474:iMovie 6443:Motion 6373:Darwin 6351:Server 6309:iPadOS 6228:AirTag 6133:iPhone 6070:Studio 5883:iTunes 5878:iCloud 5713:Server 5699:Safari 5689:Photos 5540:Motion 5484:iPhoto 5457:iTunes 5452:iMovie 5437:iCloud 5381:ProDOS 5356:iPadOS 5346:Darwin 4981:iPadOS 4782:iPhone 4454:Server 4364:Darwin 4339:Darwin 4295:  4263:Spaces 4243:Carbon 4191:WebKit 4171:Stacks 4141:Quartz 4121:OpenCL 4096:Mach-O 4076:iCloud 4036:Darwin 3961:Bundle 3916:AppKit 3686:iTunes 3676:iPhoto 3551:Safari 3531:Photos 3466:Finder 3227:Server 3078:OSType 3043:Labels 3018:Dogcow 2861:Finder 2629:Newton 2581:iPadOS 2574:iOS 18 2569:iOS 17 2564:iOS 16 2559:iOS 15 2554:iOS 14 2549:iOS 13 2544:iOS 12 2539:iOS 11 2534:iOS 10 2467:iPhone 2390:A/ROSE 2364:Server 2240:Darwin 2099:ProDOS 1931:  1921:  1001:DR-DOS 997:Novell 939:is an 810:A/ROSE 804:A/ROSE 767:Server 597:, and 587:iPadOS 383:32-bit 291:; and 269:, and 263:iPhone 245:Newton 215:; the 211:, and 209:ProDOS 184:and a 168:using 151:Finder 134:, and 119:, and 100:, and 94:iPadOS 18:Mac OS 8467:Shell 8406:Inode 7771:(CEO) 7633:(CDO) 7627:(CEO) 7621:(CEO) 7615:(CEO) 7609:(CEO) 7603:(CEO) 7597:(CEO) 7514:(CFO) 7508:(COO) 7502:(CEO) 7451:Linux 7236:iFund 7160:Topsy 7029:Beats 6979:Beats 6846:Other 6785:Store 6766:macOS 6730:iChat 6619:Music 6614:Books 6602:Media 6550:Xcode 6545:Swift 6508:Pages 6493:iWork 6463:iLife 6341:macOS 6319:iPads 6272:Watch 6233:Beats 6216:Other 6122:Touch 5829:iChat 5798:Xcode 5793:Swift 5740:Xgrid 5674:Music 5629:Books 5587:Shake 5520:Color 5472:Pages 5462:iWork 5447:iLife 5417:Clips 5412:Bento 5361:GS/OS 5315:Apple 4948:iOS 4 4837:iOS 4 4437:macOS 4268:Xgrid 4233:BootX 4106:Metal 4051:Fonts 3971:Cocoa 3681:iSync 3671:iChat 3602:Xcode 3511:Notes 3506:Music 3436:Chess 3342:macOS 3201:macOS 2968:Alias 2529:iOS 9 2524:iOS 8 2519:iOS 7 2514:iOS 6 2509:iOS 5 2504:iOS 4 2236:Core 2202:macOS 2104:GS/OS 2065:Apple 1624:(PDF) 1613:(PDF) 989:Intel 949:Linux 870:POSIX 828:NuBus 519:macOS 502:macOS 255:macOS 213:GS/OS 170:icons 162:files 154:shell 73:macOS 8028:List 7366:Book 7339:Park 7292:iPod 7272:1984 7224:DiDi 7147:Siri 7108:NeXT 7094:Lala 6923:Maps 6887:WWDC 6813:AASP 6662:News 6583:Card 6540:Siri 6515:Mail 6358:tvOS 6334:Apps 6250:Mini 6238:Pill 6169:Mini 6161:iPad 6108:Nano 6101:Mini 6085:iPod 6065:Mini 6034:iMac 5834:iWeb 5814:.Mac 5745:Xsan 5644:Mail 5442:iDVD 5386:tvOS 5184:13.4 4925:iPad 4714:tvOS 4432:OS X 4382:Mach 4372:Unix 4362:Pre- 4217:HFS+ 4071:icns 4041:Dock 4026:CUPS 3941:Aqua 3863:Grab 3568:Siri 3501:News 3491:Mail 3481:Home 3306:OS X 3083:PICT 2729:List 2663:tvOS 2471:iPad 2463:iPod 2395:A/UX 2123:Lisa 2081:Lisa 2004:2012 1945:2017 1929:OCLC 1919:ISBN 1892:2015 1859:2013 1828:2015 1802:2016 1769:2016 1743:2019 1713:2012 1662:2016 1632:2016 1596:2014 1566:2016 1491:2016 1455:2010 1422:2015 1380:2009 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Index

Mac OS
classic Mac OS
List of Apple operating systems
Apple Inc.
classic Mac OS
original Macintosh System Software
Macintosh clones
macOS
NeXT
NeXTSTEP
Unix
iOS
iPadOS
watchOS
tvOS
Unix-like
A/UX
MAE
MkLinux
code named
Star Trek
Taligent
Copland
GUI
menu bar
Finder
shell
desktop metaphor
files
applications

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