326:
158:
397:
target. This slowed store roll out, and there were only 80 Food
Centres by the end of 1964. Secondly, customers had to get used to a new colour scheme, based on orange over the traditional blue and white. Thirdly the decision was made to keep some of the smaller fish-only stores open as Mac Fisheries, at a time when consumers were attracted by the supermarkets' low-priced mass delivery of processed foods, resulting in further losses. This resulted in competition between the two chains in many towns, Mac Food Centres and Mac Fisheries, further confusing the consumer. To avoid this, later Mac Fisheries were opened as a
1928:
1571:
1938:
337:, when meat which had to be mainly imported was rationed, resulting in a boom in the fish trade. To keep fishermen safe, the government introduced a protected zoning scheme of trawlers, under which they landed fish in different ports each week. Mac Fisheries became adept at communicating to their stores when fresh fish would reach them, resulting in signs in shop windows stating when the next fresh fish delivery was due.
1583:
165:; originally laid out as the trackbed for a railway, planned and funded by Lord Leverhulme, who set out to improve the Lewis economy by setting up commercial fishing fleets which would unload their catches at improved west coast ports, with the fish being transported by rail to processing plants in Stornoway. The fish products would have been retailed through the chain of Mac Fisheries shops
352:, meant a decline in wet-fish sales, and a decline for Mac Fisheries. The management turned the chain towards multi-line retailing, introducing fresh vegetables, dairy products and some canned produce. But now shop size proved a problem, as the originally purchased retail estate from 1920 had not been expanded.
428:
marketing between the two chains resulted in the other supermarket brands expanding far more quickly, resulting in their lower prices and higher profits. The result was that, by 1973, while Mac
Fisheries Group had a turnover of £50million, its margins were smaller. Secondly, the development of out of
392:
Express put
Premier up for sale in April 1964, and concluded a deal with Unilever in May 1964 for £1 million. The Premier stores were rebranded as Mac Food Centres, which were the new format multi-line large footprint stores. Paul Gilam, Mac Fisheries' operations manager pre-takeover, considered
355:
This resulted in the chain moving to larger scale shops in the late 1950s, often on different streets or different parts of the town. But the new multi-line stores proved successful in reviving the chain's fortune, and spurred the growth of the chain into the new concept of supermarket based retail.
258:
With a second stage of development planned that would have seen the inner sea loch converted into a harbour to accommodate 200+ trawlers, fitted with a sea lock to ensure a constant 25 feet (7.6 m) depth, Leverhulme paid for upgraded roads to accommodate the additional traffic. After purchasing
415:
By the early 1970s, Unilever was becoming aware of the dichotomy of being both a wholesale supplier and a retailer. Unilever tried to stress to its other supermarket customers that Mac
Fisheries did not get a pricing advantage over them, and yet as the science of food retailing developed, it was
396:
Again estate problems brought issues for Mac
Fisheries. Coming second or third into a particular town with the supermarket concept, the new Food Centres were often in the wrong/quiet part of town. This resulted in increased sales thanks to the footprint increase, but financial performance under
307:. The company's main focus was overseas expansion by distribution of its manufactured foods products outside its two core markets. The company allowed its in-country operations considerable independence, as long as they made a profit. The head office of Mac Fisheries Ltd was at Ocean House,
255:, and 300 men started work on a new pier and seashore infrastructure for processing the product from 50 berthed trawlers. Shore side construction covered an accommodation block, curing sheds, smoke houses, a refrigeration building, store sheds, houses for the managers and a 20 car garage.
230:
took the side of the ex-servicemen, leaving
Leverhulme's plan in tatters. Leverhulme announced that he would leave Lewis in 1923, offering to gift the Isle to the locals. But suspicion ran so high, that he was forced to sell again to long-term absentee landlords.
283:, his executors and the board of Lever Brothers had no interest in the project and so ended all work, selling off village and production facilities for £5,000, and estate for £300. It is estimated the project cost Leverhulme £500,000.
263:
in 1920, the economic downturn of 1920–21 slowed development, resulting in the London-based Mac
Fisheries being incorporated into Lever Brothers Ltd in 1922. By 1924 Leverburgh was ready to start production, and 12
429:
town retail parks with another change of estate footprint required new investment in the business, something which
Unilever was by now reluctant to do as it had to absorb consistent losses from the chain.
251:
fishing village of Obbe, he planned to turn it into a consolidated major fishing centre, with product distributed through the Mac
Fisheries shops. In 1920, Obbe with local consent was rebranded
380:, as well as a retail competitor in Premier: the same problem that would eventually lead to Mac Fisheries' disposal and closure some 15 years later. Express also needed the cash to develop
412:
to consumer retailing. However, the family concepts from both the original fish mongers and
Unilever were retained, with gold watches given to staff with 40 years of service.
1503:
1962:
226:
and promised land, started occupying plots on the Isle of Lewis. Leverhulme protested and took legal action against the people he considered squatters, but the
2012:
1630:
558:
325:
1931:
432:
The result was a cost-cutting period in 1975, resulting in loss-making store closures and staff reductions, particularly at the group's headquarters in
333:
Mac Fisheries was thus left alone; it bought fish wholesale, both from Unilever sources as well as in the open market. It did not expand much until the
345:
Food rationing in the UK finally ended in 1954, and together with the wider introduction of American-developed frozen products such as Unilever's own
311:, London EC3; its emblem was a roundel in blue and white showing the Scottish saltire with four fish between its arms and the motto "For all fish".
1997:
1858:
436:, Berkshire. Further, the annual staff conference was downgraded from this point from a top London hotel to a series of regional town meetings.
1992:
1621:
1967:
2007:
393:
the title supermarket brash, hence the name "Food Centre", but due to public opinion the title slipped back in and eventually stayed.
2002:
1987:
1908:
1888:
1528:
133:
90:
1833:
275:
After what was to be his last visit to Leverburgh in September 1924, Leverhulme took a trip to Africa, where he developed
1903:
1972:
1893:
624:
416:
clear that Unilever was giving guidance to Mac Fisheries on placing Unilever products in the most prominent positions.
587:
489:
1614:
216:. To create a market for the fish, he began to buy up independent fishmongers throughout Britain, rebranding them
1838:
562:
320:
1898:
1777:
1301:
597:
520:
1873:
1863:
1843:
1277:
404:
Mac Fisheries developed new distribution systems based on Unilever's expertise, building a new warehouse in
157:
1982:
1977:
1883:
1868:
1828:
1823:
1792:
1727:
1675:
868:
722:
1878:
1853:
1607:
1208:
676:
1848:
1680:
1586:
1523:
1282:
1151:
982:
745:
735:
185:, he set about investing in all aspects of the supporting industries and supply/distribution chain.
1513:
1035:
196:, where he would build herring-curing facilities, a canning factory and a plant installed to make
1767:
1665:
1548:
1478:
1447:
1203:
779:
1652:
1468:
617:
443:, while the residual wet fish shops were simply closed down within the following three months.
405:
730:
2017:
1257:
1067:
760:
712:
1599:
1913:
1543:
691:
671:
440:
398:
361:
272:
so great, that extra female employees were taken in from the mainland to handle the catch.
117:
67:
364:. Express had seen the problem of being both a wholesale supplier to supermarkets such as
8:
1941:
1553:
1488:
1372:
1306:
1045:
942:
852:
832:
1077:
1040:
1022:
686:
661:
1311:
1937:
1574:
1538:
1291:
1272:
1012:
987:
765:
696:
610:
356:
To expand its footprint Mac Fisheries sought a merger, and found a willing seller in
1367:
1213:
1141:
1104:
903:
893:
666:
334:
260:
182:
169:
In his thirties, Lord Leverhulme had taken a boat trip and fallen in love with the
1762:
1377:
1316:
1252:
827:
591:
357:
244:
227:
1797:
1670:
1498:
1493:
1463:
1442:
1437:
1184:
1114:
1050:
863:
740:
681:
656:
381:
373:
300:
265:
137:
98:
1956:
1483:
1382:
997:
952:
888:
248:
178:
170:
1802:
1772:
1732:
1416:
1296:
1180:
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349:
308:
240:
524:
493:
1807:
1699:
1533:
1473:
1357:
1267:
1232:
842:
559:"STOCK CONTROL AT MAC FISHERIES: THE USE OF PORTABLE RECORDING EQUIPMENT"
425:
223:
209:
1398:
1787:
1782:
1742:
1704:
1342:
1326:
1109:
1097:
1082:
1055:
967:
927:
857:
408:, Hampshire, that introduced the first high street introduction of the
369:
252:
213:
201:
197:
129:
111:
329:
A Mac Fisheries market stall in the Higher Market, Exeter, Devon, 1943
1691:
1660:
1352:
1347:
1331:
1242:
1062:
811:
755:
433:
384:, which the funds from the sale of Premier would allow it to launch.
365:
346:
296:
280:
276:
193:
189:
77:
1757:
1752:
1717:
1709:
1403:
1237:
1159:
1017:
992:
932:
914:
805:
633:
409:
304:
292:
174:
162:
141:
103:
1722:
1411:
1393:
1388:
1337:
1087:
977:
947:
908:
847:
269:
1737:
1262:
1188:
1176:
1027:
937:
922:
873:
837:
192:, building refrigerated cargo ships to take fish to a depot at
1647:
1629:
1362:
1321:
1247:
1197:
1007:
878:
377:
1504:
Unilever Research & Development Port Sunlight Laboratory
957:
717:
602:
205:
295:
consumers, the British soapmaker Lever Brothers and Dutch
1146:
188:
Leverhulme's plan was to build an ice-making plant in
181:
for £167,000. Convinced that he could resurrect the
387:
966:
1954:
177:. In May 1918, at the age of 66, he bought the
1963:Defunct retail companies of the United Kingdom
484:
482:
480:
478:
476:
1615:
618:
474:
472:
470:
468:
466:
464:
462:
460:
458:
456:
439:In April 1979, the Food Centres were sold to
128:was a branded United Kingdom retail chain of
2013:Food and drink companies established in 1918
340:
515:
513:
511:
1622:
1608:
625:
611:
453:
424:Mac Markets' failed roll out and confused
303:, created the foods conglomerate known as
1631:Former supermarkets of the United Kingdom
222:But in 1919, servicemen demobilised from
508:
324:
156:
1998:Retail companies disestablished in 1979
360:, which wished to dispose of its chain
239:In late 1919, Leverhulme purchased the
1955:
1529:William Lever, 1st Viscount Leverhulme
247:for the sum of £36,000. Taking in the
134:William Lever, 1st Viscount Leverhulme
91:William Lever, 1st Viscount Leverhulme
1603:
1419:(except the United States and Canada)
606:
136:, the co-founder with his brother of
1993:Retail companies established in 1918
1582:
561:. emeraldinsight.com. Archived from
492:. MacFisheries.co.uk. Archived from
13:
1968:Supermarkets of the United Kingdom
548:. London: Mac Fisheries Ltd.; p. 1
523:. Leverburgh.co.uk. Archived from
14:
2029:
2008:1979 disestablishments in England
581:
1936:
1927:
1926:
1581:
1570:
1569:
388:Merger with Premier Supermarkets
314:
152:
2003:1918 establishments in Scotland
594: (archived 19 October 2016)
321:Rationing in the United Kingdom
291:In 1930, a merger of the major
286:
140:, which later merged to become
1408:VO5 (except the United States)
551:
539:
268:drifters landed a quantity of
1:
1988:Fishing in the United Kingdom
598:A brief history of Leverburgh
446:
234:
147:
1859:Lothian, Borders & Angus
632:
7:
1778:Sainsbury's Freezer Centres
546:The Housewife's Diary, 1936
27:Private company, Subsidiary
10:
2034:
1385:(except for North America)
1334:(except for North America)
1216:(except for North America)
1200:(except the United States)
419:
318:
1973:Former Unilever companies
1922:
1816:
1637:
1565:
1524:Antonius Johannes Jurgens
1512:
1456:
1430:
1263:Degree/Rexona/Sure/Shield
1223:
1129:
820:
789:
778:
746:Lipton Teas and Infusions
705:
649:
642:
401:at the Mac Food Centres.
341:Challenge and development
110:
97:
84:
73:
63:
55:
47:
39:
31:
23:
1448:W. H. Burford & Sons
1278:Campaign for Real Beauty
1558:Eugenio Minvielle Lagos
1549:Sidney J. van den Bergh
1479:Lipton Institute of Tea
521:"History of Leverburgh"
1817:Co-operative societies
1783:Sainsbury's SavaCentre
1469:Lever Brothers Factory
736:Gorton's of Gloucester
330:
166:
1685:Downsway Supermarkets
1638:Investor-owned chains
869:Hellmann's/Best Foods
761:United Africa Company
713:Elizabeth Arden, Inc.
328:
279:. After his death in
161:The Pentland Road at
160:
1763:Premier Supermarkets
1728:International Stores
1666:Cartier's Superfoods
1544:Samuel van den Bergh
565:on 19 September 2012
441:International Stores
399:store-within-a-store
362:Premier Supermarkets
259:the London butchers
118:Premier Supermarkets
68:International Stores
1983:Fishing in Scotland
1978:Fish products sales
1657:Burton Supermarkets
1554:Simon van den Bergh
1489:Unilever Gloucester
808:(outside of the UK)
802:Buavita (Indonesia)
20:
1204:Seventh Generation
1187:) (brand owned by
1078:Good Humor-Breyers
662:Hindustan Unilever
588:MacFisheries.co.uk
331:
167:
116:Mac Food Centres,
18:
1950:
1949:
1889:Rochdale Pioneers
1597:
1596:
1539:Morris Tabaksblat
1426:
1425:
1292:Dollar Shave Club
1125:
1124:
833:Ben & Jerry's
774:
773:
727:
726:(Fragrances only)
123:
122:
2025:
1940:
1930:
1929:
1624:
1617:
1610:
1601:
1600:
1589:
1585:
1584:
1577:
1573:
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1516:
1368:Salon Selectives
964:
963:
943:Sir Kensington's
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505:
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496:on 20 April 2010
486:
335:Second World War
243:estate from the
183:fishing industry
21:
17:
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2028:
2027:
2026:
2024:
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1953:
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1834:Anglia Regional
1812:
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1514:
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860:(except the UK)
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638:
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631:
592:Wayback Machine
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527:on 22 June 2010
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358:Express Dairies
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245:Earl of Dunmore
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228:Scottish Office
155:
150:
87:
80:, Berkshire, UK
59:Disposed/Closed
12:
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1904:South Suburban
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1499:Unilever Leeds
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1494:Unilever House
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1464:Colworth House
1460:
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1185:Persil Service
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1115:Sealtest Dairy
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1051:Golden Gaytime
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741:Limuru Tea Plc
738:
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657:Alberto-Culver
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382:long-life milk
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218:Mac Fisheries.
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1484:Port Sunlight
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751:Mac Fisheries
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19:Mac Fisheries
16:
2018:Lever family
1942:Supermarkets
1803:Victor Value
1747:
1676:Crazy Prices
1431:Predecessors
1283:
1181:Persil Power
913:
750:
723:Calvin Klein
643:Subsidiaries
567:. Retrieved
563:the original
553:
545:
541:
529:. Retrieved
525:the original
498:. Retrieved
494:the original
438:
431:
423:
414:
403:
395:
391:
354:
350:fish fingers
344:
332:
309:Pudding Lane
290:
287:Retail chain
274:
257:
241:South Harris
238:
221:
217:
187:
168:
125:
124:
112:Subsidiaries
74:Headquarters
24:Company type
15:
1808:William Low
1733:Key Markets
1700:FreshXpress
1681:David Greig
1534:Paul Polman
1474:Lever House
1268:Dermalogica
853:Continental
799:Bru (India)
692:Philippines
672:Australasia
569:23 November
426:high street
406:Farnborough
374:Sainsbury's
224:World War I
210:animal feed
130:fishmongers
106:(1922–1979)
1957:Categories
1839:Highburton
1788:Somerfield
1743:Local Plus
1653:Botterills
1343:Pears soap
1167:Lever 2000
1110:Dickie Dee
1098:Choco Taco
1083:Good Humor
1056:Paddle Pop
968:Heartbrand
928:Pot Noodle
858:Cup-a-Soup
677:Bangladesh
447:References
319:See also:
253:Leverburgh
235:Leverburgh
214:fertiliser
202:fish paste
198:fish cakes
148:Background
86:Key people
1899:Sheffield
1696:FJ Wallis
1692:Fine Fare
1661:Carrefour
1348:Pepsodent
1332:Mentadent
1284:Evolution
1243:Brylcreem
1073:HB Wall's
1063:Viennetta
971:Ice cream
812:Sariwangi
790:Beverages
756:Palm Line
687:Indonesia
490:"History"
434:Bracknell
366:Fine Fare
347:Birds Eye
299:producer
297:margarine
281:Hampstead
277:pneumonia
194:Fleetwood
190:Stornoway
93:(founder)
78:Bracknell
64:Successor
1932:Category
1864:Midlands
1844:Ilkeston
1793:Stewarts
1753:Mainstop
1738:Lipton's
1718:Hillards
1714:Haldanes
1710:GT Smith
1576:Category
1404:Vaseline
1399:TRESemmé
1317:Lifebuoy
1258:Close-Up
1238:Bed Head
1233:Axe/Lynx
1224:Personal
1209:Sunlight
1160:Domestos
1132:products
1105:Popsicle
1093:Klondike
1018:Langnese
993:GB Glace
983:Cornetto
933:Pot Rice
915:Monumite
843:Colman's
806:Horlicks
697:Pakistan
635:Unilever
410:bar code
305:Unilever
293:palm oil
175:Scotland
163:Carloway
142:Unilever
104:Unilever
32:Industry
1884:Penrith
1869:Moulton
1829:Croydon
1773:Safeway
1723:Hintons
1705:Gateway
1588:Commons
1412:Zendium
1394:Timotei
1389:Sunsilk
1338:Noxzema
1307:Impulse
1170:Neutral
1164:Finitex
1152:Comfort
1138:Bio-Tex
1088:Breyers
1046:Streets
1036:Selecta
978:Calippo
948:Talenti
909:Marmite
848:Conimex
766:Upfield
731:Fabergé
650:Current
590:at the
531:30 June
500:30 June
420:Closure
370:Gateway
270:herring
48:Defunct
40:Founded
1914:United
1879:Raunds
1854:London
1768:Presto
1515:People
1457:Places
1378:Simple
1373:Signal
1358:Q-Tips
1353:Pond's
1194:Probat
1189:Henkel
1177:Persil
1156:Closan
1142:Breeze
1068:Wall's
1041:Solero
1028:Nogger
1023:Magnum
938:Rafhan
923:Pfanni
904:Maille
899:Lizano
874:Hertog
838:Bovril
781:Brands
706:Former
667:Maille
261:Wall's
99:Parent
35:Retail
1874:Norco
1849:Leeds
1758:Netto
1648:Bejam
1383:Suave
1363:Radox
1322:Liril
1312:Lakmé
1297:Hamam
1253:Clear
1248:Camay
1198:Rinso
1130:Home
1008:Kibon
988:Frigo
889:Knorr
879:Kibon
828:Amora
682:Ghana
378:Tesco
1688:Elmo
1417:Zest
1273:Dove
1226:care
1214:Surf
1183:and
958:Unox
884:Klik
864:Grom
821:Food
718:BiFi
571:2019
533:2010
502:2010
376:and
212:and
206:glue
56:Fate
51:1979
43:1918
1824:CRS
1798:UGO
1644:Axe
1327:Lux
1173:Omo
1147:Cif
1032:Olá
173:of
1959::
1003:HB
510:^
455:^
372:,
368:,
208:,
204:,
200:,
144:.
1623:e
1616:t
1609:v
1191:)
1179:(
626:e
619:t
612:v
573:.
535:.
504:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
