29:
1594:
1726:, the Māori Party aimed to win all seven Māori electorates. However, in the election, they managed to increase their four electorates only to five. Although the National government had enough MPs to govern without the Māori Party, it invited the Māori Party to support their minority government on confidence and supply in return for policy concessions and two ministerial posts outside of Cabinet. The Māori Party signed a confidence and supply agreement with National on the condition that the Māori electorates were not abolished unless the Māori voters agreed to abolish them. Other policy concessions including a review of the
1283:
50:
1010:, the cutoff date was set at midnight 13 July 2023. By 3 July 2023, over 12,000 people had switched between the Māori and general rolls; with 6,662 people shifting from the general to Māori rolls and 5,652 switching vice versa. Political expert and academic Dr Rawiri Taonui and journalist Tommy de Silva described that the increase of voters on the Māori roll as a form of strategic voting that reinforced the relevance of the Māori seats and Māori vote to New Zealand politics.
663:
845:, regarded the concessions given to Māori as insufficient, while others disagreed. In the end, the setting up of Māori electorates separate from existing electorates assuaged the conservative opposition to the bill. The bill was intended as a temporary measure, giving specific representation to Māori until the land ownership issue was resolved. However, the Maori seats continued to become a permanent feature of the New Zealand parliament.
1140:, with census staff lacking authority to insist on the card being completed. This had little practical effect for non-Māori, but it transferred Māori to the general roll if the card was not handed in. Only 40% of the potential population registered on the Māori roll. This reduced the number of calls for the abolition of Māori electorates, as many presumed that Māori would eventually abandon the Māori electorates of their own accord.
927:, but in the past such elections took place separately, on different days (usually the day before the vote for general electorates) and under different rules. Historically, less organisation went into holding Māori elections than general elections, and the process received fewer resources. Māori electorates at first did not require registration for voting, which was later introduced. New practices such as
1128:
Simultaneously, the act allowed Māori to stand in general electorates. Since 1967, therefore, there has not been any electoral guarantee of representation by candidates who have Māori descent. While this still means that those elected to represent Māori electors in the Māori electorates are directly accountable to those voters, those representatives are not required to be Māori themselves.
1075:
807:
are included on the Māori or general electorate rolls. Since 31 March 2023, Māori electors have been able to change rolls at any time, except in the three months preceding a general or local election or after a notice of vacancy is issued for a by-election. Each five-yearly census and Māori
Electoral Option determines the number of Māori electorates for the next one or two elections.
749:. Every area in New Zealand is covered by both a general and a Māori electorate; as of 2020, there are seven Māori electorates. Since 1967, candidates in Māori electorates have not needed to be Māori themselves, but to register as a voter in the Māori electorates people need to declare that they are of Māori descent.
840:
which made all Maori subjects of the monarch with corresponding voting and representation rights. The act originally agreed to set up four electorates specially for Māori; three in the North Island and one covering the whole South Island. The four seats were a fairly modest concession on a per-capita
806:
Māori electoral boundaries are superimposed over the electoral boundaries used for general electorates; thus every part of New
Zealand simultaneously belongs both in a general seat and in a Māori seat. Shortly after each census all registered Māori electors have the opportunity to choose whether they
786:
There are two features of the Māori electorates that make them distinct from the general electorates. First, there are a number of skills that are essential for candidates to have in order to engage with their constituencies and ensure a clear line of accountability to representing the 'Māori voice'.
1233:
announced that if elected his party would hold a binding referendum on whether Maori electorates should be abolished. During post-election negotiations with the Labour Party, Peters indicated that he would consider dropping his call for a referendum on the Māori electorates due to the defeat of the
1018:
Periodically there have been calls for the abolition of the Māori electorates. The electorates aroused controversy even at the time of their origin, and given their intended temporary nature, there have been a number of attempts to abolish them. The reasoning behind these attempts has varied – some
990:
agreed to allow people of Māori descent to switch between the general and Māori rolls at any time except the three month period before general and local elections; giving the
Government the 75% majority need to pass the bill into law. Te Pāti Māori criticised the compromise, with Waititi and fellow
1714:
survey of Māori-roll voters in
November 2004 gave it hope: 35.7% said they would vote for a Māori Party candidate, 26.3% opted for Labour, and five of the seven electorates appeared ready to fall to the new party. In the election, the new party won four of the Māori electorates. It seemed possible
950:
Confusion around the Māori electorates during the 2017 general election was revealed in a number of complaints to the
Electoral Commission. Complaints included Electoral Commission staff at polling booths being unaware of the Māori roll and insisting electors were unregistered when their names did
1913:
representation in that parliament. The
Standing Committee on Social Issues, of which she was not part, released a report on the merits of the system in November 1998. The report is said to have been well-researched, with a thorough discussion of the system's mechanics, and through which paths it
974:
introduced a bill to allow people of Māori descent to switch between the general and Māori electoral rolls at any time. At the time, Māori were only allowed to switch between the two rolls every five years. To pass into law, the bill needed 75% majority support in
Parliament. In addition, Māori
831:
and was seen as a way to reduce conflict between cultures. Its primary aim was to enfranchise Maori who were indirectly excluded from parliament by the land ownership requirement. To vote, a person had to be male, a subject of the monarch, have title to land of at least 25 pounds, and not be in
1185:
announced that "I am not opposed to the Māori seats. The
National Party has had a view for many years now that they should be done away with. But I just want people to feel that they all have opportunities for representation". In 2021, it was revealed that the National Party intended to run
1119:
government of the day had a commitment to the assimilation of Māori, and had no Māori MPs, and many believed that they would abolish the electorates. However, the government had other matters to attend to, and the issue of the Māori electorates gradually faded from view without any changes.
1127:
In 1967, the electoral system whereby four electorate seats were reserved for representatives who were specifically Māori ended. Following the
Electoral Amendment Act 1967, the 100-year-old disqualification preventing Europeans from standing as candidates in Māori electorates was removed.
1120:
Regardless, the possible abolition of the Māori electorates appeared indicated when they did not appear among the electoral provisions entrenched against future modification. In the 1950s the practice of reserving electorates for Māori was described by some politicians "as a form of '
1558:
While seven out of 72 (9.7%) does not nearly reflect the proportion of voting-age New
Zealanders who identify as being of Māori descent (about 14.8%), many Māori choose to enroll in general electorates, so the proportion reflects the proportion of voters on the Māori roll.
760:. The electorates were intended as a temporary measure lasting five years but were extended in 1872 and made permanent in 1876. Despite numerous attempts to dismantle Māori electorates, they continue to form a distinct part of the New Zealand political landscape.
1135:
introduced the option for Māori to decide whether to enrol individually on the general electoral roll or the Māori roll. A large number of people (Māori and non-Māori) failed to fill out an electoral re-registration card that was distributed with the
1703:, she received over 90% of the 7,000-plus votes cast. The parties then represented in Parliament had not put up official candidates in the by-election. The new party's support in relation to Labour therefore remained untested at the polling booth.
1294:
electoral system after 1993, the rules regarding the Māori electorates changed. Today, the number of electorates floats, meaning that the electoral population of a Māori seat can remain roughly equivalent to that of a general seat. For the
938:
The authorities frequently delayed or overlooked reforms of the Māori electoral system, with Parliament considering the Māori electorates as largely unimportant. The gradual improvement of Māori elections owes much to long-serving Māori MP
1114:
Considerably later, in 1953, the first ever major re-alignment of Māori electoral boundaries occurred, addressing inequalities in voter numbers. Again, the focus on Māori electorates prompted further debate about their existence. The
2579:
1792:, who was tacitly endorsed by the ruling National Party, New Zealand First, and the Māori Party. During the 2014 election, Labour captured six of the Māori electorates with the Māori Party being reduced to co-leader
951:
not appear on the general roll; Electoral Commission staff giving incorrect information about the Māori electorates; electors being given incorrect voting forms and electors being told they were unable to vote for
1160:
has advocated abolition of the Māori electorates, though as of 2023 the party is not opposed to the seats. National did not stand candidates in Māori electorate from the 2005 election through the 2020 election.
1035:, which had held power since 1891. Many MPs alleged frequent cases of corruption in elections for the Māori electorates. Other MPs, however, supported the abolition of Māori electorates for different reasons –
1761:. The Mana Movement retained Te Tai Tokerau. Tensions between the Māori Party and Mana Movement combined with competition from the Labour Party fragmented the Māori political voice in Parliament.
1613:
formed, however, Māori MPs began to align themselves with the new organisation, with either Liberal candidates or Liberal sympathisers as representatives. Māori MPs in the Liberal Party included
1027:
In 1902, a consolidation of electoral law prompted considerable discussion of the Māori electorates, and some MPs proposed their abolition. Many of the proposals came from members of the
3246:
979:
introduced a member's bill which proposed automatically placing Māori on the Māori electoral roll and renaming the "general electoral district" the "non-Māori electoral district."
803:. Second, the geographical size of the Māori electoral boundaries vary significantly from the general electorates. Five to 18 general electorates fit into any one Māori electorate.
2758:
2014:
1914:
could come to fruition. The NSW Government members, however, did not conclude the proposal appropriate and leaned towards other measures to facilitate Aboriginal representation.
1925:. The idea of dedicated seats, however, although deemed to help reconciliation, was not suggested by the report because of strong opposition from some members of the committee.
3347:
1002:
came into force on 31 March 2023; allowing people of Māori descent to switch between the general and Māori rolls at anytime until the three month period before elections. The
836:- the land they owned was held in common and not by Crown grant: native title was not acceptable. Concern was raised that, indirectly, this ran contrary to section III of the
1047:
depicting guaranteed representation in parliament as one of the few rights Māori possessed not "filched from them by the Europeans". The electorates continued in existence.
3320:
1827:
as part of a deal to regain the Māori electorates from the Labour Party. Despite these efforts, Labour captured all seven of the Māori electorates with Labour candidate
3215:
999:
2826:
2551:
1225:" once held all Māori seats, has advocated for abolition of the separate electorates, while emphasising that the decision should be made by Māori voters. During the
1043:
members of the House from taking that interest in Māori matters that they ought to take". The Māori MPs, however, mounted a strong defence of the electorates, with
1909:
to an inquiry and report on the idea of providing seats dedicated to people of Aboriginal background, modelled on the Māori electorates, to create opportunity for
2270:
752:
The Māori electorates were introduced in 1867 under the Maori Representation Act. They were created in order to give Māori a more direct say in parliament. The
2773:
2409:
2933:
2493:
3457:
3294:
484:
211:
2144:
2437:
1891:
700:
1894:, proposed that each state send one Aboriginal senator to the federal parliament, and also the creation of four Aboriginal electorates for the NSW
1738:
1711:
995:
describing the changes as "second-rate" and a "half pie ka pai" respectively. Waititi's member bill had already been voted down in early November.
2464:
2580:"Newshub Nation: Māori electoral roll - why some Māori voters are strategically swapping rolls and what you need to know ahead of Election 2023"
884:) who was defeated in 1871. These four men were the first New Zealand-born members of the New Zealand Parliament. The second four members were
4291:
3622:
3272:
2852:
1680:
New Zealand First captured all the Māori electorates for one electoral term. Labour regained the electorates in the following election in the
4231:
3717:
2301:
2105:
3178:
3124:
2906:
1019:
have seen the electorates as an unfair or unnecessary advantage for Māori, while others have seen them as discriminatory and offensive.
2606:
869:
525:
507:
503:
175:
2677:
3978:
1757:, the Māori Party retained three of the Māori electorates while Labour increased its share of the Māori electorates to three, taking
1170:
1058:, supported proposals for the abolition of Māori electorates, pointing to the fact that he himself had won the general electorate of
842:
489:
4261:
4238:
2379:
827:. Parliament passed the act after lengthy debate, and during a period of warfare between the government and some North Island Māori
2644:
1291:
1132:
242:
135:
98:
3876:
3722:
3707:
3702:
2703:
1970:
146:
4327:
3727:
3697:
3692:
3487:"Dedicated Parliamentary Seats for Indigenous Peoples: Political Representation as an Element of Indigenous Self-Determination"
2040:
1777:
1715:
that Māori Party MPs could play a role in the choice and formation of a governing coalition, and they conducted talks with the
1614:
1239:
1055:
987:
824:
459:
157:
4221:
4026:
673:
3383:
693:
572:
3223:
1652:, however, it has dominated the Māori electorates. For a long period this dominance owed much to Labour's alliance with the
1887:
567:
206:
1845:
raised Te Pāti Māori's party vote from a provisional result of 1% to a final party vote of 1.2%, thus allowing co-leader,
3151:
4322:
3219:
1918:
1169:
called the electorates an "anachronism". National announced in 2008 it would abolish the electorates when all historic
1003:
587:
538:
264:
3760:
3615:
1257:
From 1868 to 1996, four Māori electorates existed (out of a total that slowly changed from 76 to 99). They comprised:
1165:, the party's leader in 2003, said that "the purpose of the Māori seats has come to an end", and in 2004 party leader
3676:
3574:
3555:
3534:
2233:
1853:
1834:
1812:
1797:
1765:
1754:
1723:
1707:
1681:
1677:
1669:
1657:
1649:
1536:
1447:
1440:
1398:
1394:
1387:
1355:
1296:
1246:
1226:
1007:
1006:
subsequently launched a campaign to encourage non-voters to register with either the general or Māori rolls. For the
964:
944:
562:
291:
286:
281:
276:
222:
4216:
3948:
20:
1785:
1602:
1050:
Just a short time later, in 1905, another re-arrangement of electoral law caused the debate to flare up again. The
686:
626:
621:
477:
403:
333:
318:
313:
308:
303:
170:
3712:
2937:
2292:
2220:
1856:, Te Pāti Māori won a record six of the seven Māori electorates, unseating Labour from all but one of the seats.
1696:
1410:
1059:
820:
464:
447:
398:
257:
252:
131:
94:
3840:
1877:
369:
3465:
3438:
3415:
3096:
2878:
2730:
2148:
1906:
1727:
649:
387:
153:
4312:
4135:
3608:
2171:
2083:
1841:
successfully unseated Coffey, returning the Māori Party – now calling itself Te Pāti Māori – to Parliament.
1362:
1148:
A number of currently active political parties oppose, or have opposed, the existence of Māori electorates.
1066:, remained opposed. In the end, proposals for the abolition or reform of Māori electorates did not proceed.
3818:
1769:
1039:, a member of the Liberal Party, said that the absence of Māori voters from general electorates prevented "
738:
597:
358:
353:
4271:
2521:
1996:
1177:
ruled out the abolition, saying he would not do it even if he had the numbers to do so as there would be "
1051:
2252:
515:
194:
62:
2631:
seats. Some politicians described special representation as a form of 'apartheid', like in South Africa.
1078:
Four long-standing representatives of the Māori electorates, pictured in the 1970s. From left to right:
911:, New Zealand's first woman MP, Rātana won the seat in a by-election caused by the death of her husband
2222:
Te Oranga o te Iwi Maori: A Study of Maori Economic and Social Progress - The Maori Seats in Parliament
2201:
2062:
1716:
1626:
1157:
1116:
983:
816:
757:
530:
328:
4317:
2800:
4053:
3430:
3406:
3247:"Hone Harawira gets clear Te Tai Tokerau run for Mana not running against Maori Party in other seats"
1789:
1610:
1095:
1032:
382:
4281:
4276:
4158:
4150:
3863:
3855:
3845:
3796:
4011:
1645:
1522:
1028:
971:
602:
557:
346:
235:
4021:
2323:
849:
796:
753:
28:
2759:"Judith Collins keen to run candidates in the Māori seats, tear up the RMA, but not cut benefits"
2348:
1137:
1031:, and possibly had political motivations – in general, the Māori MPs had supported the governing
734:
714:
592:
582:
247:
79:
40:
4185:
4033:
2172:"A Dual Track Democracy? The Symbolic Role of the Māori Seats in New Zealand's Electoral System"
1450:, Tainui was largely replaced by Hauraki-Waikato, giving the following seven Māori electorates:
3352:
3101:
3025:
2982:
2911:
2883:
2778:
2735:
2708:
1921:'s Legal, Constitutional and Administrative Review Committee, inquiring how to help Indigenous
1910:
1883:
1606:
1593:
861:
833:
746:
577:
454:
188:
141:
124:
3963:
3753:
3486:
1944:
768:
Māori electorates operate much as do general electorates, but have as electors people who are
4175:
4101:
3399:
1939:
1846:
1563:
1475:
1462:
1063:
992:
924:
775:
4266:
4083:
2614:
1578:
1498:
1173:
have been resolved, which it aimed to complete by 2014. In 2014 though, then-Prime Minister
893:
877:
853:
3021:
1895:
1597:
Party representation in the Māori seats following the most recent general election, in 2023
1562:
For maps showing broad electoral boundaries, see selected links to individual elections at
885:
520:
111:
3871:
8:
3983:
1303:
375:
4286:
4226:
2387:
419:
4038:
3968:
3823:
1922:
1865:
1864:
The scheme has inspired some policymakers as a potential solution for underrepresented
1737:
Discontentment with the Māori Party's support agreement with National particularly the
1634:
1203:
952:
837:
667:
434:
201:
4016:
3881:
3656:
1484:
1415:
3589:
3570:
3551:
3530:
3379:
2627:
In the 1950s and 1960s the National government occasionally talked of abolishing the
2469:
2442:
2414:
2229:
1793:
1730:, a review of New Zealand's constitutional arrangements, and the introduction of the
1661:
1466:
1218:
940:
908:
424:
163:
4253:
4043:
3973:
3935:
3915:
3746:
3661:
3651:
2494:"PSA: It's easier than ever to switch between the Māori and general electoral rolls"
1934:
1692:
1622:
1490:
1471:
1425:
1405:
1372:
1367:
1282:
726:
644:
3828:
3600:
2552:"Nearly 6400 voters go to Māori roll, how are things looking toward election time?"
2529:
2410:"Electoral law proposal would allow Māori to fully exercise voting rights - Faafoi"
2183:
1687:
A development of particular interest to Māori came in 2004 with the resignation of
1036:
362:
4063:
4001:
3993:
3788:
3544:
Godfery, Morgan (2015). "Chapter 4.4: The Māori Party". In Hayward, Janine (ed.).
2977:
2827:"Winston Peters delivers bottom-line binding referendum on abolishing Maori seats"
2324:"1. – Ngā māngai – Māori representation – Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand"
1828:
1618:
904:
792:
3646:
3545:
3524:
3250:
3182:
2959:
2830:
2556:
2288:
1526:
1454:
1299:, the first under MMP, the Electoral Commission defined five Māori electorates:
1210:, advocates abolishing the allocated Māori electorates, seeing them as outdated.
1195:
815:
The establishment of Māori electorates came about in 1867 during the term of the
4120:
4113:
3769:
2628:
947:
onwards, the voting for Māori and general electorates was held on the same day.
935:
also came later to elections for Māori electorates than to general electorates.
912:
788:
769:
742:
4243:
4193:
3920:
3666:
1838:
1824:
1742:
1665:
1504:
1430:
1377:
1333:
1323:
1313:
1271:
1266:
1230:
1182:
1103:
1099:
1091:
976:
873:
865:
780:
493:
215:
4108:
1781:
1700:
1570:
1235:
1079:
49:
4306:
4048:
3953:
3943:
3593:
1820:
1816:
1750:
1746:
1691:
from her ministerial position in the Labour-dominated coalition and from her
1688:
1638:
1574:
1276:
1261:
1199:
1107:
1083:
932:
897:
881:
857:
4058:
1965:
1731:
1581:, where there are between 115,000 and 125,000 Māori, the majority living in
32:
There have been seven Māori electorates in each general election since 2008.
3801:
3671:
2187:
1902:
1842:
1758:
1518:
1514:
1458:
1435:
1382:
1343:
1162:
4208:
4198:
3295:"Election 2020: Labour claims victory, National has worst result in years"
1837:, despite a historic landslide to the Labour party, Māori party candidate
1544:
1508:
3813:
3520:
3129:
3097:"Election 2014: Winston Peters hits out at National after big poll surge"
2987:
2498:
1630:
1040:
967:
86:
3458:"Response to the Report "Enhancing Aboriginal Political Representation""
4006:
3428:
3404:
2966:(3rd ed.). Wellington: Govt. Printer. pp. 157, 161, 163, 167.
1805:
1801:
1773:
1768:, Mana Movement leader Hone Harawira formed an electoral pact with the
1673:
1656:, although the Rātana influence has diminished in recent times. In the
1582:
1530:
1222:
1087:
104:
4130:
3405:
the Standing Committee on Social Issues (November 1998). "Chapter 2".
2774:"Act Leader David Seymour: Kiwis need to resist an 'Orwellian future'"
1245:
The party has not stood candidates in the Māori electorates since the
986:
abandoned its opposition to the Māori Electoral Option bill after the
4091:
4073:
3321:"'Thrilled' Debbie Ngarewa-Packer enters Parliament on special votes"
2438:"Government reaches compromise with National on electoral law change"
1479:
1207:
1166:
1121:
889:
72:
3925:
3833:
1882:
In Australia, some have put forward the idea of dedicating seats to
1653:
4163:
4140:
3779:
1540:
1494:
1419:
1174:
4168:
3523:(2015). "Chapter 5.3: The Māori Seats". In Hayward, Janine (ed.).
1552:
1354:
A sixth Māori electorate was added for the second MMP election in
1242:, New Zealand First agreed to drop its demand for the referendum.
1238:
at the 2017 election. In return for forming a government with the
4203:
4125:
3808:
3455:
2856:
2584:
2322:
Taonga, New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage Te Manatu.
1548:
1286:
Electorates in the 1996 election (Māori seats shown bottom-right)
1044:
943:, who himself experienced problems in his own election. From the
3893:
2879:"Anti-smacking referendum dropped during coalition negotiations"
2465:"Māori free to switch voting rolls from Friday after law change"
828:
3888:
1699:
on 10 July 2004, standing under the banner of the newly formed
1625:. There were also Māori MPs in the more conservative and rural
928:
2731:"John Key: Dropping Maori seats would mean 'hikois from hell'"
2015:"Number of Electorates and Electoral Populations: 2013 Census"
1749:
to secede from the Māori Party and form the radical left-wing
1487:– southern and central Auckland, and parts of western Auckland
1186:
candidates in Māori electorates in the next general election.
3903:
2678:"Exclusive: National Party to contest Māori electorate seats"
1800:. The Māori Party managed to bring a second member co-leader
1672:
from 1984 to 2005 – gained the Northern Māori seat (electing
1178:
800:
3908:
2522:"Iwi chair lead advisor: 'Switch rolls before the deadline'"
2099:
2097:
1706:
The Māori Party aimed to win all seven Māori electorates in
1397:, there have been seven Māori electorates. For the 2002 and
1074:
4096:
4068:
3348:"Te Pāti Māori picks up two extra seats in historic result"
2926:
2907:"Local kaumatua not surprised Maori seats will be retained"
3064:
3052:
3040:
2137:
2127:
2125:
2123:
1601:
As Māori electorates originated before the development of
3898:
3429:
the Standing Committee on Social Issues (November 1998).
2853:"Winston Peters hints at U-turn on Māori seat referendum"
2656:
2654:
2145:"Māori Electoral Option 2013 | Electoral Commission"
2094:
3738:
3179:"Davis' win a critical blow for Harawira, Internet Mana"
3002:
2120:
1577:
proposed the creation of an additional electorate, for
1000:
Electoral (Māori Electoral Option) Legislation Act 2022
848:
The first four Māori members of parliament, elected in
756:
were held in the following year during the term of the
3588:(4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer.
3196:
2651:
2380:"Polling booth staff mislead and confuse Māori voters"
2294:
A Dictionary of New Zealand Biography : M–Addenda
1202:, has called for their abolition as recently as 2019.
955:(the Māori Party) unless they were on the Māori roll.
3273:"The Maori Party is out: Labour wins all Maori seats"
2359:
2043:. Electoral Commission New Zealand. 17 September 2018
1831:
unseating Māori Party co-leader Flavell in Waiariki.
907:, who represented the Western Maori electorate. Like
3630:
3346:
Tapaleao, Vaimoana; Neilson, Michael (3 July 2024).
3216:"New Zealand 2014 General Election Official Results"
3076:
1815:, the Māori Party formed an electoral pact with the
779:) and who choose to place their names on a separate
3456:the Government of New South Wales (November 1998).
2934:"General elections 1853–2005 – dates & turnout"
1206:, a lobby group founded by former ACT Party leader
16:
Electoral districts for Māori voters in New Zealand
3547:New Zealand Government and Politics, Sixth Edition
3526:New Zealand Government and Politics, Sixth Edition
3484:
2176:Election Law Journal: Rules, Politics, and Policy
1772:, founded by controversial Internet entrepreneur
1511:, northern Auckland and parts of western Auckland
4304:
1859:
931:(as opposed to casting one's vote verbally) and
832:prison. Very few Maori qualified because of the
3431:"Enhancing Aboriginal Political Representation"
3345:
3170:
1892:New South Wales Minister for Aboriginal Affairs
1474:– eastern and southern North Island, including
923:Currently Māori elections are held as part of
819:with the Maori Representation Act, drafted by
3754:
3616:
3550:. Oxford University Press. pp. 240–250.
3529:. Oxford University Press. pp. 300–310.
3408:Enhancing Aboriginal Political Representation
2519:
694:
3491:Murdoch University Electronic Journal of Law
2970:
3586:New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984
3125:"Key's subtle endorsement for Kelvin Davis"
2964:New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1949
2958:
2952:
2577:
2287:
1917:Another report was released in 2003 by the
1198:opposes the Māori electorates. Its leader,
3761:
3747:
3623:
3609:
3378:. McGill-Queen's Press. pp. 286–287.
2578:Hogan, Finn; Gibson, Gray (24 June 2023).
2275:New Zealand Parliament – Pāremata Aotearoa
1719:. In the end they remained in Opposition.
958:
701:
687:
3979:Treaty of Waitangi claims and settlements
3270:
3122:
2607:"History of the Vote: Māori and the Vote"
1252:
19:For the local government equivalent, see
3480:
3478:
3476:
2491:
2247:
2245:
1963:
1808:entitled them to one further list seat.
1788:. Hone was defeated by Labour candidate
1592:
1281:
1073:
27:
3564:
3543:
3451:
3449:
3373:
3202:
3094:
3070:
3058:
3046:
2936:. Elections New Zealand. Archived from
2850:
2675:
2660:
2377:
2206:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
1971:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
1668:– who himself held the general seat of
334:Political funding and election expenses
4305:
3583:
3271:Huffadine, Leith (24 September 2017).
3123:McQuillan, Laura (17 September 2014).
2704:"National to dump Maori seats in 2014"
2701:
2435:
2407:
2365:
2218:
2169:
2103:
1013:
3742:
3604:
3519:
3473:
3176:
3082:
3008:
2876:
2771:
2671:
2669:
2378:Kupenga, Talisa (17 September 2017).
2242:
2131:
1966:"Tōrangapū – Pūnaha kōwhiringa Māori"
1022:
841:basis at the time. Some MPs, such as
485:Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade
3485:Catherine J. Iorns (December 2003).
3446:
3244:
2824:
2702:Tahana, Yvonne (29 September 2008).
2549:
2108:. Wellington: New Zealand Parliament
1991:
1989:
1849:, to enter Parliament as a List MP.
1605:, all early Māori MPs functioned as
1213:
1143:
982:On 15 November 2022, the opposition
3095:Bennett, Adam (21 September 2014).
2978:"Maori Party suggests seat in Aust"
2904:
2851:Burrows, Matt (28 September 2017).
2520:Wikaire-Lewis, Mana (7 July 2023).
2228:. New Zealand Business Roundtable.
1069:
783:rather than on the "general roll".
13:
3778:Indigenous people of New Zealand (
3513:
3177:Smith, Simon (20 September 2014).
2676:Sherman, Maiki (28 January 2021).
2666:
2642:
2436:Dexter, Giles (15 November 2022).
2321:
2170:Geddis, Andrew (26 October 2006).
2041:"About the Māori Electoral Option"
1919:Legislative Assembly of Queensland
1739:Marine and Coastal Areas Bill 2011
1493:– western North Island, including
1181:from hell". In 2020, party leader
539:New Zealand and the United Nations
14:
4339:
2492:de Silva, Tommy (13 April 2023).
2349:"First Māori woman MP (3rd of 4)"
2259:. New Zealand History. p. 2.
2003:. New Zealand History. p. 3.
1986:
1819:leader and former Māori Party MP
1588:
1247:1999 New Zealand general election
1151:
1008:2023 New Zealand general election
4262:Influence on New Zealand English
2877:Cheng, Derek (30 October 2017).
2271:"The origins of the Māori seats"
2106:"The Origins of the Māori Seats"
1603:political parties in New Zealand
876:), who all retired in 1870; and
810:
776:Māori people § Demographics
661:
627:History of voting in New Zealand
622:Political history of New Zealand
48:
3422:
3392:
3367:
3339:
3313:
3287:
3264:
3238:
3208:
3152:"Davis picking up endorsements"
3144:
3116:
3088:
3014:
2898:
2870:
2844:
2818:
2793:
2765:
2751:
2723:
2695:
2636:
2599:
2571:
2543:
2513:
2485:
2457:
2429:
2401:
2371:
2341:
2315:
2281:
2263:
2212:
2202:"Maori Representation Act 1867"
2194:
2163:
2063:"Maori Representation Act 1867"
1507:– northernmost seat, including
1418:(roughly equivalent to greater
1229:, the New Zealand First leader
763:
3949:Minister for Māori Development
3584:Wilson, James Oakley (1985) .
3567:Electoral Atlas of New Zealand
2905:Guy, Alice (21 October 2017).
2772:Walls, Jason (14 April 2019).
2613:. 9 April 2005. Archived from
2550:Ruru, Karanama (2 June 2023).
2302:Department of Internal Affairs
2076:
2055:
2033:
2007:
1964:Sullivan, Ann (20 June 2012).
1957:
1878:Indigenous Voice to Parliament
1734:indigenous health initiative.
21:Māori wards and constituencies
1:
4328:Race relations in New Zealand
3466:Parliament of New South Wales
3439:Parliament of New South Wales
3416:Parliament of New South Wales
3245:Moir, Jo (20 February 2017).
2408:Tahana, Jamie (9 June 2023).
2104:Wilson, John (31 May 2009) .
1950:
1907:Parliament of New South Wales
1860:Influence outside New Zealand
1728:Foreshore and Seabed Act 2004
1533:. Largest electorate by area.
1290:With the introduction of the
925:New Zealand general elections
903:The first Māori woman MP was
799:skills and confidence on the
787:This includes proficiency in
733:), are a special category of
3819:United Tribes of New Zealand
3376:The Fate of the Nation-state
2300:. Vol. II. Wellington:
2253:"Setting up the Māori seats"
1997:"Change in the 20th century"
1871:
1189:
918:
721:, colloquially known as the
7:
2645:"Origin of the Maori Seats"
1928:
1676:to Parliament), and in the
1062:. Other Māori MPs, such as
878:Mete Kīngi Te Rangi Paetahi
195:54th New Zealand Parliament
10:
4344:
4267:Language immersion schools
3022:"Marae DigiPoll1_02.03.08"
2219:Joseph, Philip A. (2008).
1875:
1124:', like in South Africa".
758:4th New Zealand Parliament
176:State services departments
18:
4323:Parliament of New Zealand
4272:Māori Language Commission
4252:
4184:
4149:
4082:
3992:
3934:
3854:
3787:
3776:
3768:
3685:
3639:
2825:Moir, Jo (16 July 2017).
2084:"Representation Act 1867"
1804:into Parliament as their
1697:the resulting by-election
1579:Māori living in Australia
1096:Whetu Tirikatene-Sullivan
1052:Minister of Māori Affairs
3569:. Wellington: GP Books.
3374:Seymour, Michel (2004).
1523:Stewart Island / Rakiura
772:, or of Māori descent, (
207:House of Representatives
1695:parliamentary seat. In
1648:first came to power in
959:Switching between rolls
460:Territorial authorities
41:Politics of New Zealand
4282:Te Wiki o te Reo Māori
4277:Māori language revival
3846:Māori protest movement
3797:Māori migration canoes
3565:McRobie, Alan (1989).
3353:The New Zealand Herald
3102:The New Zealand Herald
2983:Television New Zealand
2912:The New Zealand Herald
2884:The New Zealand Herald
2801:"Maori seats outdated"
2779:The New Zealand Herald
2761:. Stuff. 16 July 2020.
2736:The New Zealand Herald
2709:The New Zealand Herald
2188:10.1089/elj.2006.5.347
1884:Aboriginal Australians
1598:
1287:
1253:Individual electorates
1227:2017 election campaign
1111:
896:(Southern Maori); and
862:Frederick Nene Russell
834:property qualification
747:New Zealand Parliament
741:to representatives of
730:
668:New Zealand portal
504:Diplomatic missions of
33:
4213:Representative teams
3400:Sydney Morning Herald
2611:Elections New Zealand
1940:New Zealand elections
1854:2023 general election
1847:Debbie Ngarewa-Packer
1813:2017 general election
1755:2011 general election
1596:
1564:New Zealand elections
1348:The southern district
1338:The northern district
1308:The belly of the land
1285:
1077:
993:Debbie Ngarewa-Packer
823:member of parliament
754:first Māori elections
412:Courts Martial Appeal
31:
3686:Historic electorates
3403:, 1983:3, quoted by
3220:Electoral Commission
1896:Legislative Assembly
1328:The eastern district
1318:The western district
1004:Electoral Commission
886:Karaitiana Takamoana
715:New Zealand politics
265:Electoral Commission
125:Executive government
112:Realm of New Zealand
3984:Tino rangatiratanga
3964:Māori King movement
3718:Te Puku O Te Whenua
3640:Current electorates
3158:. 19 September 2014
3073:, pp. 245–248.
3061:, pp. 244–245.
3049:, pp. 243–244.
3011:, pp. 305–306.
2134:, pp. 302–303.
1945:Māori King Movement
1798:Waiariki electorate
1660:, however, the new
1304:Te Puku O Te Whenua
1133:National Government
1014:Calls for abolition
797:whakawhanaungatanga
223:Official Opposition
132:List of governments
4039:Polynesian culture
4027:Ghosts and spirits
3841:Land confiscations
3824:Treaty of Waitangi
2257:Maori and the Vote
2001:Māori and the vote
1923:self-determination
1866:indigenous peoples
1776:and led by former
1635:Taurekareka Henare
1599:
1499:Manawatū-Whanganui
1288:
1171:treaty settlements
1112:
1023:Early 20th century
963:In June 2022, the
894:Hōri Kerei Taiaroa
892:(Northern Maori);
854:Tāreha Te Moananui
838:Treaty of Waitangi
739:reserved positions
435:Law of New Zealand
269:Recent elections:
202:King-in-Parliament
34:
4313:Māori electorates
4300:
4299:
3959:Māori electorates
3736:
3735:
3632:Māori electorates
3385:978-0-7735-2686-0
3327:. 6 November 2020
3301:. 17 October 2020
2470:Radio New Zealand
2443:Radio New Zealand
2415:Radio New Zealand
1835:Three years later
1794:Te Ururoa Flavell
1662:New Zealand First
1219:New Zealand First
1214:New Zealand First
1144:Current positions
988:Labour Government
970:of the incumbent
941:Eruera Tirikatene
909:Elizabeth McCombs
900:(Western Maori).
888:(Eastern Maori);
719:Māori electorates
711:
710:
650:Nuclear-free zone
526:Visa requirements
478:Foreign relations
425:Waitangi Tribunal
243:Political parties
171:Executive Council
164:Christopher Luxon
4335:
4287:Māori Television
3829:New Zealand Wars
3763:
3756:
3749:
3740:
3739:
3625:
3618:
3611:
3602:
3601:
3597:
3580:
3561:
3540:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3502:
3482:
3471:
3470:
3462:
3453:
3444:
3443:
3435:
3426:
3420:
3419:
3413:
3396:
3390:
3389:
3371:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3360:
3343:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3332:
3317:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3306:
3291:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3280:
3268:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3257:
3242:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3231:
3222:. Archived from
3212:
3206:
3200:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3189:
3174:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3163:
3148:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3120:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3092:
3086:
3080:
3074:
3068:
3062:
3056:
3050:
3044:
3038:
3037:
3035:
3033:
3018:
3012:
3006:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2990:. 1 October 2007
2974:
2968:
2967:
2960:Scholefield, Guy
2956:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2930:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2902:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2874:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2863:
2848:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2822:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2797:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2755:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2739:. 22 August 2014
2727:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2716:
2699:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2688:
2673:
2664:
2658:
2649:
2648:
2640:
2634:
2633:
2624:
2622:
2617:on 29 April 2007
2603:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2547:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2530:Maori Television
2526:Te Ao Maori News
2517:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2489:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2461:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2433:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2405:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2394:
2388:Māori Television
2384:Te Ao Māori News
2375:
2369:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2299:
2289:Scholefield, Guy
2285:
2279:
2278:
2267:
2261:
2260:
2249:
2240:
2239:
2227:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2198:
2192:
2191:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2151:on 28 March 2014
2147:. Archived from
2141:
2135:
2129:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2101:
2092:
2091:
2088:archives.govt.nz
2080:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2021:. 7 October 2013
2011:
2005:
2004:
1993:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1961:
1741:led the party's
1457:– north-western
1070:Mid-20th century
1064:Hōne Heke Ngāpua
1037:Frederick Pirani
975:Party co-leader
965:Justice Minister
945:election of 1951
843:James FitzGerald
703:
696:
689:
666:
665:
664:
573:Environmentalism
465:Community boards
448:Local government
363:Helen Winkelmann
258:Electoral reform
253:Electoral system
95:Governor-General
89:
52:
36:
35:
4343:
4342:
4338:
4337:
4336:
4334:
4333:
4332:
4303:
4302:
4301:
4296:
4292:Planetary names
4248:
4232:1888–89 Natives
4180:
4145:
4078:
3988:
3930:
3850:
3783:
3772:
3767:
3737:
3732:
3681:
3657:Tāmaki Makaurau
3647:Hauraki-Waikato
3635:
3629:
3577:
3558:
3537:
3516:
3514:Further reading
3511:
3510:
3500:
3498:
3483:
3474:
3460:
3454:
3447:
3433:
3427:
3423:
3411:
3397:
3393:
3386:
3372:
3368:
3358:
3356:
3344:
3340:
3330:
3328:
3319:
3318:
3314:
3304:
3302:
3293:
3292:
3288:
3278:
3276:
3269:
3265:
3255:
3253:
3243:
3239:
3229:
3227:
3226:on 13 June 2018
3214:
3213:
3209:
3201:
3197:
3187:
3185:
3175:
3171:
3161:
3159:
3150:
3149:
3145:
3135:
3133:
3121:
3117:
3107:
3105:
3093:
3089:
3081:
3077:
3069:
3065:
3057:
3053:
3045:
3041:
3031:
3029:
3020:
3019:
3015:
3007:
3003:
2993:
2991:
2976:
2975:
2971:
2957:
2953:
2943:
2941:
2932:
2931:
2927:
2917:
2915:
2903:
2899:
2889:
2887:
2875:
2871:
2861:
2859:
2849:
2845:
2835:
2833:
2823:
2819:
2809:
2807:
2805:Hobson's Choice
2799:
2798:
2794:
2784:
2782:
2770:
2766:
2757:
2756:
2752:
2742:
2740:
2729:
2728:
2724:
2714:
2712:
2700:
2696:
2686:
2684:
2674:
2667:
2659:
2652:
2641:
2637:
2620:
2618:
2605:
2604:
2600:
2590:
2588:
2576:
2572:
2562:
2560:
2548:
2544:
2534:
2532:
2518:
2514:
2504:
2502:
2490:
2486:
2476:
2474:
2473:. 30 March 2023
2463:
2462:
2458:
2448:
2446:
2434:
2430:
2420:
2418:
2406:
2402:
2392:
2390:
2376:
2372:
2364:
2360:
2347:
2346:
2342:
2332:
2330:
2320:
2316:
2306:
2304:
2297:
2286:
2282:
2269:
2268:
2264:
2251:
2250:
2243:
2236:
2225:
2217:
2213:
2200:
2199:
2195:
2168:
2164:
2154:
2152:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2130:
2121:
2111:
2109:
2102:
2095:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2067:
2065:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2046:
2044:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2024:
2022:
2013:
2012:
2008:
1995:
1994:
1987:
1977:
1975:
1962:
1958:
1953:
1931:
1880:
1874:
1862:
1823:not to contest
1591:
1527:Chatham Islands
1485:Tāmaki Makaurau
1455:Hauraki-Waikato
1416:Tāmaki Makaurau
1255:
1216:
1204:Hobson's Pledge
1192:
1154:
1146:
1072:
1025:
1016:
961:
921:
813:
791:, knowledge of
766:
707:
678:
674:Other countries
662:
660:
655:
654:
640:
632:
631:
617:
609:
608:
607:
552:
544:
543:
535:
516:Nationality law
512:
500:
480:
470:
469:
450:
440:
439:
429:
415:
408:
370:Court of Appeal
349:
339:
338:
323:
296:
238:
228:
227:
198:
197:
191:
181:
180:
127:
117:
116:
85:
75:
65:
43:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4341:
4331:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4318:Māori politics
4315:
4298:
4297:
4295:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4258:
4256:
4250:
4249:
4247:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4235:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4194:Haka in sports
4190:
4188:
4182:
4181:
4179:
4178:
4173:
4172:
4171:
4166:
4155:
4153:
4147:
4146:
4144:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4117:
4116:
4106:
4105:
4104:
4099:
4088:
4086:
4080:
4079:
4077:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4034:Naming customs
4031:
4030:
4029:
4024:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3998:
3996:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3974:Te Puni Kōkiri
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3940:
3938:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3928:
3923:
3921:Tangata whenua
3918:
3913:
3912:
3911:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3885:
3884:
3879:
3877:United Kingdom
3874:
3866:
3860:
3858:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3837:
3836:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3805:
3804:
3793:
3791:
3785:
3784:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3766:
3765:
3758:
3751:
3743:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3730:
3725:
3723:Te Tai Rawhiti
3720:
3715:
3710:
3708:Southern Maori
3705:
3703:Northern Maori
3700:
3695:
3689:
3687:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3667:Te Tai Tokerau
3664:
3662:Te Tai Hauāuru
3659:
3654:
3652:Ikaroa-Rāwhiti
3649:
3643:
3641:
3637:
3636:
3634:of New Zealand
3628:
3627:
3620:
3613:
3605:
3599:
3598:
3581:
3575:
3562:
3556:
3541:
3535:
3515:
3512:
3509:
3508:
3472:
3445:
3421:
3391:
3384:
3366:
3338:
3312:
3286:
3263:
3237:
3207:
3205:, p. 249.
3195:
3169:
3143:
3115:
3087:
3085:, p. 305.
3075:
3063:
3051:
3039:
3028:. 2 March 2008
3013:
3001:
2969:
2951:
2940:on 27 May 2010
2925:
2897:
2869:
2843:
2817:
2792:
2764:
2750:
2722:
2694:
2665:
2663:, p. 119.
2650:
2643:Wilson, John.
2635:
2598:
2570:
2542:
2512:
2484:
2456:
2428:
2400:
2370:
2368:, p. 138.
2358:
2340:
2314:
2291:, ed. (1940).
2280:
2262:
2241:
2234:
2211:
2193:
2162:
2136:
2119:
2093:
2075:
2054:
2032:
2006:
1985:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1935:Māori politics
1930:
1927:
1873:
1870:
1861:
1858:
1852:Following the
1839:Rawiri Waititi
1825:Te Tai Tokerau
1770:Internet Party
1743:Te Tai Tokerau
1717:National Party
1712:Marae-Digipoll
1693:Te Tai Hauāuru
1666:Winston Peters
1664:party, led by
1623:Te Rangi Hīroa
1590:
1589:Party politics
1587:
1556:
1555:
1534:
1529:, and most of
1512:
1505:Te Tai Tokerau
1502:
1491:Te Tai Hauāuru
1488:
1482:
1472:Ikaroa-Rāwhiti
1469:
1444:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1431:Te Tai Tokerau
1428:
1426:Te Tai Hauāuru
1423:
1413:
1408:
1406:Ikaroa-Rāwhiti
1401:, these were:
1399:2005 elections
1391:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1378:Te Tai Tokerau
1375:
1373:Te Tai Hauāuru
1370:
1368:Ikaroa-Rawhiti
1365:
1352:
1351:
1341:
1334:Te Tai Tokerau
1331:
1324:Te Tai Rawhiti
1321:
1314:Te Tai Hauauru
1311:
1280:
1279:
1274:
1272:Southern Maori
1269:
1267:Northern Maori
1264:
1254:
1251:
1231:Winston Peters
1215:
1212:
1191:
1188:
1183:Judith Collins
1158:National Party
1153:
1152:National Party
1150:
1145:
1142:
1117:National Party
1104:Paraone Reweti
1100:Southern Maori
1092:Northern Maori
1071:
1068:
1024:
1021:
1015:
1012:
984:National Party
977:Rawiri Waititi
960:
957:
933:secret ballots
920:
917:
874:Southern Maori
870:John Patterson
866:Northern Maori
817:4th Parliament
812:
809:
781:electoral roll
765:
762:
731:Ngā tūru Māori
709:
708:
706:
705:
698:
691:
683:
680:
679:
677:
676:
670:
657:
656:
653:
652:
647:
645:Māori politics
641:
639:Related topics
638:
637:
634:
633:
630:
629:
624:
618:
615:
614:
611:
610:
606:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
554:
553:
550:
549:
546:
545:
542:
541:
534:
533:
528:
523:
518:
511:
510:
508:in New Zealand
499:
498:
497:
496:
494:Winston Peters
481:
476:
475:
472:
471:
468:
467:
462:
457:
451:
446:
445:
442:
441:
438:
437:
432:
431:
430:
428:
427:
422:
416:
414:
413:
409:
407:
406:
401:
395:
392:Other Courts:
390:
388:District Court
385:
380:
379:
378:
367:
366:
365:
350:
345:
344:
341:
340:
337:
336:
331:
326:
325:
324:
322:
321:
316:
311:
306:
299:
297:
295:
294:
289:
284:
279:
272:
267:
262:
261:
260:
250:
245:
239:
234:
233:
230:
229:
226:
225:
220:
219:
218:
216:Gerry Brownlee
204:
193:
192:
187:
186:
183:
182:
179:
178:
173:
168:
167:
166:
154:Prime Minister
151:
150:
149:
144:
128:
123:
122:
119:
118:
115:
114:
109:
108:
107:
92:
91:
90:
76:
71:
70:
67:
66:
61:
58:
57:
54:
53:
45:
44:
39:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4340:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4310:
4308:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4259:
4257:
4255:
4251:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4191:
4189:
4187:
4183:
4177:
4174:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4161:
4160:
4157:
4156:
4154:
4152:
4148:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4115:
4112:
4111:
4110:
4107:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4094:
4093:
4090:
4089:
4087:
4085:
4081:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4064:Tikanga Māori
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4049:Rongomaraeroa
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4019:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3999:
3997:
3995:
3991:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3969:Te Pāti Māori
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3954:Mana Motuhake
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3944:Mana Movement
3942:
3941:
3939:
3937:
3933:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3910:
3907:
3906:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3883:
3882:United States
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3869:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3861:
3859:
3857:
3853:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3835:
3832:
3831:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3803:
3800:
3799:
3798:
3795:
3794:
3792:
3790:
3786:
3781:
3775:
3771:
3764:
3759:
3757:
3752:
3750:
3745:
3744:
3741:
3729:
3728:Western Maori
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3698:Hauraki Maori
3696:
3694:
3693:Eastern Maori
3691:
3690:
3688:
3684:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3638:
3633:
3626:
3621:
3619:
3614:
3612:
3607:
3606:
3603:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3582:
3578:
3576:0-477-01384-8
3572:
3568:
3563:
3559:
3557:9780195585254
3553:
3549:
3548:
3542:
3538:
3536:9780195585254
3532:
3528:
3527:
3522:
3518:
3517:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3481:
3479:
3477:
3468:
3467:
3459:
3452:
3450:
3441:
3440:
3432:
3425:
3417:
3410:
3409:
3402:
3401:
3395:
3387:
3381:
3377:
3370:
3355:
3354:
3349:
3342:
3326:
3322:
3316:
3300:
3296:
3290:
3274:
3267:
3252:
3248:
3241:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3211:
3204:
3199:
3184:
3180:
3173:
3157:
3153:
3147:
3132:
3131:
3126:
3119:
3104:
3103:
3098:
3091:
3084:
3079:
3072:
3067:
3060:
3055:
3048:
3043:
3027:
3023:
3017:
3010:
3005:
2989:
2985:
2984:
2979:
2973:
2965:
2961:
2955:
2939:
2935:
2929:
2914:
2913:
2908:
2901:
2886:
2885:
2880:
2873:
2858:
2854:
2847:
2832:
2828:
2821:
2806:
2802:
2796:
2781:
2780:
2775:
2768:
2760:
2754:
2738:
2737:
2732:
2726:
2711:
2710:
2705:
2698:
2683:
2679:
2672:
2670:
2662:
2657:
2655:
2646:
2639:
2632:
2630:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2602:
2587:
2586:
2581:
2574:
2559:
2558:
2553:
2546:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2516:
2501:
2500:
2495:
2488:
2472:
2471:
2466:
2460:
2445:
2444:
2439:
2432:
2417:
2416:
2411:
2404:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2374:
2367:
2362:
2354:
2353:teara.govt.nz
2350:
2344:
2329:
2328:teara.govt.nz
2325:
2318:
2303:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2284:
2276:
2272:
2266:
2258:
2254:
2248:
2246:
2237:
2235:9781877394195
2231:
2224:
2223:
2215:
2207:
2203:
2197:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2166:
2150:
2146:
2140:
2133:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2107:
2100:
2098:
2089:
2085:
2079:
2064:
2058:
2042:
2036:
2020:
2016:
2010:
2002:
1998:
1992:
1990:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1960:
1956:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1926:
1924:
1920:
1915:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1901:In 1995, MLC
1899:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1879:
1869:
1867:
1857:
1855:
1850:
1848:
1844:
1843:Special votes
1840:
1836:
1832:
1830:
1829:Tāmati Coffey
1826:
1822:
1821:Hone Harawira
1818:
1817:Mana Movement
1814:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1786:Internet MANA
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1766:2014 election
1762:
1760:
1756:
1753:. During the
1752:
1751:Mana Movement
1748:
1747:Hone Harawira
1744:
1740:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1722:Similarly in
1720:
1718:
1713:
1709:
1704:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1689:Tariana Turia
1685:
1683:
1682:1999 election
1679:
1678:1996 election
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1658:1993 election
1655:
1654:Rātana Church
1651:
1647:
1642:
1640:
1639:Taite Te Tomo
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1619:Āpirana Ngata
1616:
1615:James Carroll
1612:
1611:Liberal Party
1608:
1604:
1595:
1586:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1575:Pita Sharples
1572:
1567:
1565:
1560:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1517:– all of the
1516:
1513:
1510:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1349:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1297:1996 election
1293:
1284:
1278:
1277:Western Maori
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1262:Eastern Maori
1260:
1259:
1258:
1250:
1248:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1200:David Seymour
1197:
1187:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1149:
1141:
1139:
1134:
1131:In 1976, the
1129:
1125:
1123:
1118:
1109:
1108:Eastern Maori
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1084:Western Maori
1081:
1076:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1056:James Carroll
1053:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1033:Liberal Party
1030:
1020:
1011:
1009:
1005:
1001:
996:
994:
989:
985:
980:
978:
973:
969:
966:
956:
954:
953:Te Pāti Māori
948:
946:
942:
936:
934:
930:
929:paper ballots
926:
916:
914:
910:
906:
905:Iriaka Rātana
901:
899:
898:Wiremu Parata
895:
891:
887:
883:
882:Western Maori
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
858:Eastern Maori
855:
851:
846:
844:
839:
835:
830:
826:
825:Donald McLean
822:
818:
811:Establishment
808:
804:
802:
798:
794:
793:tikanga Māori
790:
784:
782:
778:
777:
771:
761:
759:
755:
750:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
704:
699:
697:
692:
690:
685:
684:
682:
681:
675:
672:
671:
669:
659:
658:
651:
648:
646:
643:
642:
636:
635:
628:
625:
623:
620:
619:
613:
612:
604:
601:
599:
598:Republicanism
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
555:
548:
547:
540:
537:
536:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
513:
509:
505:
502:
501:
495:
491:
488:
487:
486:
483:
482:
479:
474:
473:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
452:
449:
444:
443:
436:
433:
426:
423:
421:
418:
417:
411:
410:
405:
402:
400:
397:
396:
394:
393:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
377:
373:
372:
371:
368:
364:
360:
359:Chief Justice
357:
356:
355:
354:Supreme Court
352:
351:
348:
343:
342:
335:
332:
330:
327:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
301:
300:
298:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
274:
273:
271:
270:
268:
266:
263:
259:
256:
255:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
240:
237:
232:
231:
224:
221:
217:
213:
210:
209:
208:
205:
203:
200:
199:
196:
190:
185:
184:
177:
174:
172:
169:
165:
162:
161:
159:
155:
152:
148:
145:
143:
140:
139:
137:
133:
130:
129:
126:
121:
120:
113:
110:
106:
103:
102:
100:
96:
93:
88:
83:
82:
81:
78:
77:
74:
69:
68:
64:
60:
59:
56:
55:
51:
47:
46:
42:
38:
37:
30:
26:
22:
4239:Sportspeople
4222:Rugby league
4159:Conservation
4141:Wood carving
3958:
3864:Conservation
3672:Te Tai Tonga
3631:
3585:
3566:
3546:
3525:
3521:Bargh, Maria
3499:. Retrieved
3494:
3490:
3464:
3437:
3424:
3407:
3398:
3394:
3375:
3369:
3357:. Retrieved
3351:
3341:
3329:. Retrieved
3324:
3315:
3303:. Retrieved
3298:
3289:
3277:. Retrieved
3266:
3254:. Retrieved
3240:
3228:. Retrieved
3224:the original
3210:
3203:Godfery 2015
3198:
3188:30 September
3186:. Retrieved
3172:
3160:. Retrieved
3156:Radio Waatea
3155:
3146:
3134:. Retrieved
3128:
3118:
3106:. Retrieved
3100:
3090:
3078:
3071:Godfery 2015
3066:
3059:Godfery 2015
3054:
3047:Godfery 2015
3042:
3030:. Retrieved
3016:
3004:
2992:. Retrieved
2981:
2972:
2963:
2954:
2942:. Retrieved
2938:the original
2928:
2916:. Retrieved
2910:
2900:
2888:. Retrieved
2882:
2872:
2862:29 September
2860:. Retrieved
2846:
2834:. Retrieved
2820:
2810:30 September
2808:. Retrieved
2804:
2795:
2783:. Retrieved
2777:
2767:
2753:
2741:. Retrieved
2734:
2725:
2713:. Retrieved
2707:
2697:
2685:. Retrieved
2681:
2661:McRobie 1989
2638:
2626:
2619:. Retrieved
2615:the original
2610:
2601:
2589:. Retrieved
2583:
2573:
2561:. Retrieved
2555:
2545:
2533:. Retrieved
2525:
2515:
2503:. Retrieved
2497:
2487:
2475:. Retrieved
2468:
2459:
2447:. Retrieved
2441:
2431:
2419:. Retrieved
2413:
2403:
2391:. Retrieved
2383:
2373:
2361:
2352:
2343:
2331:. Retrieved
2327:
2317:
2305:. Retrieved
2293:
2283:
2274:
2265:
2256:
2221:
2214:
2205:
2196:
2179:
2175:
2165:
2153:. Retrieved
2149:the original
2139:
2110:. Retrieved
2087:
2078:
2066:. Retrieved
2057:
2045:. Retrieved
2035:
2023:. Retrieved
2018:
2009:
2000:
1976:. Retrieved
1969:
1959:
1916:
1903:Franca Arena
1900:
1888:Frank Walker
1881:
1863:
1851:
1833:
1810:
1790:Kelvin Davis
1763:
1759:Te Tai Tonga
1736:
1721:
1705:
1686:
1646:Labour Party
1643:
1627:Reform Party
1607:independents
1600:
1568:
1561:
1557:
1519:South Island
1515:Te Tai Tonga
1461:, including
1459:North Island
1445:
1436:Te Tai Tonga
1392:
1383:Te Tai Tonga
1353:
1347:
1344:Te Tai Tonga
1337:
1327:
1317:
1307:
1289:
1256:
1244:
1240:Labour Party
1217:
1193:
1163:Bill English
1155:
1147:
1130:
1126:
1113:
1049:
1026:
1017:
997:
981:
972:Labour Party
962:
949:
937:
922:
902:
847:
814:
805:
789:te reo Māori
785:
773:
767:
764:Organisation
751:
722:
718:
712:
568:Conservatism
63:Constitution
25:
4227:Rugby union
4114:Instruments
3814:Musket Wars
3501:18 February
3331:14 November
3305:14 November
3130:Newstalk ZB
2988:Newstalk ZB
2743:6 September
2715:28 December
2499:The Spinoff
2366:Wilson 1985
2068:27 December
2025:13 December
1886:. In 1983,
1811:During the
1782:Laila Harré
1701:Māori Party
1631:Maui Pomare
1609:. When the
1571:Māori Party
1539:– includes
1236:Māori Party
1138:1976 census
1080:Koro Wētere
968:Kris Faafoi
723:Māori seats
531:Visa policy
404:Environment
376:Mark Cooper
374:President:
329:Referendums
248:Electorates
189:Legislature
87:Charles III
4307:Categories
4176:Navigation
4059:Taha Māori
3083:Bargh 2015
3009:Bargh 2015
2994:19 October
2918:4 November
2890:1 November
2785:28 January
2687:28 January
2621:3 November
2182:(5): 347.
2132:Bargh 2015
2112:4 December
1978:16 October
1974:(in Māori)
1951:References
1911:Indigenous
1905:moved the
1876:See also:
1806:party vote
1802:Marama Fox
1774:Kim Dotcom
1732:Whānau Ora
1674:Tau Henare
1644:Since the
1583:Queensland
1573:co-leader
1531:Wellington
1223:Tight Five
1088:Matiu Rata
1029:opposition
991:co-leader
737:that give
735:electorate
588:Liberalism
420:Māori Land
399:Employment
383:High Court
105:Cindy Kiro
84:King
4209:Mau rākau
4199:Kī-o-rahi
4131:Tattooing
4092:Kapa haka
4074:Whakapapa
4017:Mythology
3872:Australia
3868:Diaspora
3594:154283103
3279:7 October
3256:7 October
3230:8 October
3162:3 October
3136:3 October
3108:3 October
3032:8 October
2962:(1950) .
2836:8 October
1872:Australia
1784:known as
1545:Whakatāne
1509:Whangārei
1480:Masterton
1221:, whose "
1208:Don Brash
1196:ACT Party
1190:ACT Party
1167:Don Brash
1122:apartheid
919:Elections
915:in 1949.
890:Wi Katene
603:Socialism
563:Christian
558:Anarchism
347:Judiciary
275:General:
236:Elections
147:Ministers
73:The Crown
4254:Language
4244:Waka ama
4164:Kaitiaki
4136:Textiles
4044:Religion
4007:Funerals
3936:Politics
3916:Religion
3780:Aotearoa
3677:Waiariki
2019:Stats NZ
1929:See also
1778:Alliance
1670:Tauranga
1541:Tauranga
1537:Waiariki
1495:Taranaki
1476:Gisborne
1467:Papakura
1463:Hamilton
1441:Waiariki
1420:Auckland
1388:Waiariki
1175:John Key
593:Populism
583:Feminism
551:Ideology
521:Passport
490:Minister
4217:Cricket
4204:Tapu ae
4151:Science
4126:Pounamu
4022:Deities
4002:Cuisine
3994:Culture
3856:Society
3809:Moriori
3789:History
3275:. Stuff
2857:Newshub
2591:10 July
2585:Newshub
2563:10 July
2535:10 July
2505:10 July
2477:10 July
2449:10 July
2421:10 July
2307:20 July
2155:9 March
1764:In the
1745:Member
1569:Former
1549:Rotorua
1501:regions
1363:Hauraki
1045:Wi Pere
852:, were
745:in the
616:History
578:Fascism
455:Regions
302:Local:
212:Speaker
142:Cabinet
136:current
80:Monarch
4121:Poetry
3926:Whānau
3889:Hauora
3834:Kūpapa
3713:Tainui
3592:
3573:
3554:
3533:
3382:
3359:3 July
2944:6 June
2393:26 May
2333:26 May
2232:
2047:23 May
1890:, the
1411:Tainui
1393:Since
1179:hikois
1102:) and
1060:Waiapu
1041:pākehā
868:) and
821:Napier
4186:Sport
4169:Rāhui
4109:Music
3904:Marae
3770:Māori
3461:(PDF)
3434:(PDF)
3412:(PDF)
3251:Stuff
3183:Stuff
2831:Stuff
2629:Māori
2557:Stuff
2298:(PDF)
2226:(PDF)
1553:Taupō
1446:From
913:Matiu
801:marae
770:Māori
743:Māori
727:Māori
4097:Haka
4084:Arts
4069:Taua
4054:Tapu
4012:Mana
3894:Hapū
3802:waka
3590:OCLC
3571:ISBN
3552:ISBN
3531:ISBN
3503:2022
3380:ISBN
3361:2024
3333:2020
3307:2020
3281:2017
3258:2017
3232:2017
3190:2014
3164:2014
3138:2014
3110:2014
3034:2017
3026:TVNZ
2996:2011
2946:2010
2920:2017
2892:2017
2864:2017
2838:2017
2812:2016
2787:2021
2745:2014
2717:2009
2689:2021
2682:TVNZ
2623:2006
2593:2023
2565:2023
2537:2023
2507:2023
2479:2023
2451:2023
2423:2023
2395:2018
2335:2018
2309:2015
2230:ISBN
2157:2014
2114:2016
2070:2011
2049:2019
2027:2019
1980:2023
1724:2008
1710:. A
1708:2005
1650:1935
1637:and
1621:and
1497:and
1478:and
1465:and
1448:2008
1395:2002
1356:1999
1194:The
1156:The
998:The
850:1868
829:hapū
774:see
319:2022
314:2019
309:2016
304:2013
292:2023
287:2020
282:2017
277:2014
158:list
99:list
4102:Poi
3899:Iwi
3497:(4)
3325:RNZ
3299:RNZ
2184:doi
1796:'s
1780:MP
1292:MMP
1094:),
1086:),
860:),
713:In
4309::
3909:pā
3495:10
3493:.
3489:.
3475:^
3463:.
3448:^
3436:.
3414:.
3350:.
3323:.
3297:.
3249:.
3218:.
3181:.
3154:.
3127:.
3099:.
3024:.
2986:.
2980:.
2909:.
2881:.
2855:.
2829:.
2803:.
2776:.
2733:.
2706:.
2680:.
2668:^
2653:^
2625:.
2609:.
2582:.
2554:.
2528:.
2524:.
2496:.
2467:.
2440:.
2412:.
2386:.
2382:.
2351:.
2326:.
2273:.
2255:.
2244:^
2204:.
2178:.
2174:.
2122:^
2096:^
2086:.
2017:.
1999:.
1988:^
1968:.
1898:.
1868:.
1684:.
1641:.
1633:,
1629:;
1617:,
1585:.
1566:.
1551:,
1547:,
1543:,
1525:,
1521:,
1358::
1249:.
1110:).
1054:,
795:,
729::
717:,
506:/
492::
361::
214::
160:)
138:)
101:)
3782:)
3762:e
3755:t
3748:v
3624:e
3617:t
3610:v
3596:.
3579:.
3560:.
3539:.
3505:.
3469:.
3442:.
3418:.
3388:.
3363:.
3335:.
3309:.
3283:.
3260:.
3234:.
3192:.
3166:.
3140:.
3112:.
3036:.
2998:.
2948:.
2922:.
2894:.
2866:.
2840:.
2814:.
2789:.
2747:.
2719:.
2691:.
2647:.
2595:.
2567:.
2539:.
2509:.
2481:.
2453:.
2425:.
2397:.
2355:.
2337:.
2311:.
2277:.
2238:.
2208:.
2190:.
2186::
2180:4
2159:.
2116:.
2090:.
2072:.
2051:.
2029:.
1982:.
1422:)
1350:)
1346:(
1340:)
1336:(
1330:)
1326:(
1320:)
1316:(
1310:)
1306:(
1106:(
1098:(
1090:(
1082:(
880:(
872:(
864:(
856:(
725:(
702:e
695:t
688:v
156:(
134:(
97:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.svg)
