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M'banza-Kongo

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47: 419: 63: 1489: 134: 70: 490:(presumably the valleys that surround it), which is consistent with an overall population of 100,000 people. Of these, perhaps 30,000 lived on the mountain and the remainder in the valleys around the city. Among its important buildings were some twelve churches, including São Salvador, as well as private chapels and 1167:, the Manikongo's judgement tree, which can still be found in the downtown area of the city, along with the sunguilu, a rectangular ground level structure where local tradition says the king's body was washed before burial. Both are on the grounds of the royal palace and present day Royal Museum. 486:, stone buildings were added, including a palace and several churches. Mbanza-Kongo grew substantially as the kingdom of Kongo expanded and grew, and an ecclesiastical statement of the 1630s related that 4,000-5,000 baptisms were performed in the city and its immediate 555:
and sits on top of an impressive flat-topped mountain, sometimes called Mongo a Kaila (mountain of division) because recent legends recall that the king created the clans of the kingdom and sent them out from there. In the valley to the south runs the Luezi River.
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When the Portuguese arrived in Kongo, Mbanza Kongo was already a large town, perhaps the largest in sub-equatorial Africa, and a letter from the Portuguese ambassador to Lisbon compared the size of the city (inside the inner walls) to the Portuguese town of
411:. The Manikongo was chosen by clan leaders to rule some 300 mi, an area that today is part of several countries. The Portuguese who first reached it in 1491 travelled ten days to get there from the mouth of the 1207: 46: 1170:
The Royal Museum, recently rebuilt as a modern structure, houses an impressive collection of artifacts from the old Kingdom, even though many were lost from the older building during the
1160:, which commemorates a popular legend that began in the 1680s that the king had buried his mother alive because she was not willing to give up an "idol" which she wore around her neck. 256: 2594: 1477: 94: 408: 494:
and an impressive two-story royal palace, the only such building in all of Kongo, according to visitor Giovanni Francesco da Roma (1648).
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in 1709. It was never again depopulated though its population fluctuated substantially during the eighteenth and nineteenth century.
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Métallurgie et politique en Afrique centrale: deux mille ans de vestiges sur les plateaux batéké Gabon, Congo, Zaïre
1493: 521: 569: 204: 62: 468:, who sacked the city. Alvaro managed to reclaim the capital with Portuguese military help, but had to yield 1145:, is now said to have been built by angels overnight. It was elevated to the status of cathedral in 1596. 1374: 2589: 426:
The earliest documented kings referred to their city in their correspondence as "the city of Congo" (
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in 1483 until the abolition of the kingdom in 1915, aside from a brief period of abandonment during
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The name was changed back to "City of Kongo" (Mbanza Kongo) shortly after Angolan independence.
2358: 1119: 454: 1359: 1233: 2368: 2348: 1761: 418: 2449: 2146: 1400: 1157: 501:(or Ulanga) in 1665, and was abandoned in 1678. It was reoccupied in 1705 by Dona Beatriz 461: 435: 8: 2126: 1824: 368: 336: 327: 319: 313: 307: 221: 146: 2204: 1352: 1279:"Three sites in Angola, Eritrea and South Africa added to UNESCO's World Heritage List" 1138: 483: 2154: 1995: 1544: 1380: 1305:, Éditions de l’École des hautes études en sciences sociales, 2013, p. 15 (in French) 1239: 1171: 1153: 1146: 506: 491: 360: 2015: 2255: 2237: 1665: 592: 498: 396: 356: 196: 2416: 2121: 1534: 1265: 2378: 2315: 2285: 2098: 1947: 1904: 1711: 1190: 400: 364: 2063: 1607: 2510: 2396: 2265: 2174: 2078: 1683: 1673: 1501: 453:
missionaries who conspired together in an attempted overthrow of the manikongo
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with a population of 148,000 in 2014. M'banza Kongo was the capital of the
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The city was sacked several times during the civil wars that followed the
2485: 2424: 1980: 1859: 1514: 1436:. La Loupe, N'Tamo (Brazzaville), Paris: Paari éditeur, 2022. (in French) 476: 412: 1434:
Kongo Kultur Vol.4. 2021 : Réhabiliter et s’approprier MBanza Kongo
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Another interesting site of historical significance is the memorial to
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By the 1550s Mbanza-Kongo hosted a community of Portuguese traders and
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Mbanza Kongo, Vestiges of the Capital of the former Kingdom of Kongo
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Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world
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L’ancien royaume du Congo des origines à la fin du XIXe siècle
1137:(built in 1491), which many Angolans claim is the oldest church in 576: 1960: 1650: 591:
from June to September caused by the strong influence of the cold
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from October to May, and a relatively short but almost rainless
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Sean Sheehan; Jui Lin Yong; Yong Jui Lin (January 2010).
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M'banza Kongo is known for the ruins of its 16th century
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The Quantum Vision of Simon Kimbangu: Kintuadi in 3D
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Population of provinces and municipalities in Angola
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visited the site during his tour of Angola in 1992.
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Mbanza-Kongo lies close to Angola's border with the
438:(1568–1587) and was carried on by his successors. 395:, Lukeni, at a junction of major trade routes. The 1351: 2556: 1349: 359:since its foundation before the arrival of the 19:Municipality and town in Zaire Province, Angola 1225: 1471: 1318:, KARTHALA Editions, 1997, p. 198 (in French) 464:was driven from Mbanza-Kongo by the invading 434:appears for the first time in the letters of 602:Climate data for M'banza-Kongo (1920–1952) 16:Capital of Zaire Province, northwest Angola 1478: 1464: 2595:Populated places established in the 1480s 1205: 479:used in the kingdom, to them in payment. 417: 367:. In 2017, M'banza Kongo was declared a 1447:Explore M'banza-Kongo with Google Earth 1330: 1328: 1326: 1324: 422:Portuguese coat of arms of São Salvador 2557: 1135:Cathedral of the Holy Saviour of Congo 1459: 1372: 1334: 1314:Marie-Claude Dupré and Bruno Pinçon, 1238:. Marshall Cavendish. pp. 136–. 326: 318: 312: 306: 1321: 1268:Population of major cities in Angola 69: 1410:(in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst 1393: 1201: 1199: 51:Mbanza Kongo (São Salvador) in 1745 13: 2575:Populated places in Zaire Province 1373:Pedro, Dom V. (22 December 2011). 1163:Other important sites include the 14: 2611: 2585:Former populated places in Angola 1440: 1487: 1196: 522:Democratic Republic of the Congo 132: 68: 61: 45: 1426: 1366: 1301:William Graham Lister Randles, 1206:Fernandes, José Manuel (2013). 430:), and the name of the city as 2600:World Heritage Sites in Angola 1343: 1308: 1295: 1271: 1259: 1184: 379:Mbanza-Kongo (formerly called 365:civil wars in the 17th century 1: 2570:Provincial capitals in Angola 1177: 1001:Average rainfall mm (inches) 1358:. Houghton Mifflin. p.  515: 7: 861:Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 721:Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 391:) was founded by the first 10: 2616: 2565:Capitals of former nations 1117: 601: 559: 524:. It is located at around 374: 369:UNESCO World Heritage Site 222:UNESCO World Heritage Site 169:408 m (1,339 ft) 2509: 2415: 2377: 2314: 2236: 2203: 2145: 2097: 2014: 1946: 1903: 1823: 1760: 1697: 1664: 1606: 1543: 1500: 1070: 1000: 930: 860: 790: 720: 650: 645: 642: 639: 636: 633: 630: 627: 624: 621: 618: 615: 612: 609: 606: 399:at its peak reached from 304:Portuguese pronunciation: 293: 289: 279: 269: 252: 244: 236: 228: 219: 215: 203: 186: 178: 173: 165: 157: 145: 125: 90: 56: 44: 31: 24: 2580:Municipalities of Angola 1494:Municipalities of Angola 1350:Adam Hochschild (1998). 1128: 566:tropical savanna climate 1699:Cuando Cubango Province 1451:Global Heritage Network 328:[miˈβɐ̃zɐˈkõɡu] 1172:Civil War of 1976–2002 1120:Deutscher Wetterdienst 460:In 1568 the manikongo 455:Diogo I Nkumbi a Mpudi 423: 344: 1762:Cuanza Norte Province 421: 347:), is the capital of 2147:Lunda Norte Province 1354:King Leopold's Ghost 1339:. UK: Penguin Books. 1335:Green, Toby (2020). 651:Record high °C (°F) 595:during this period. 564:M'banza-Kongo has a 543:6.26667°S 14.25000°E 482:During the reign of 110:6.26778°S 14.24806°E 2457:(formerly Macocola) 1825:Cuanza Sul Province 1337:A Fistful of Shells 1156:'s mother near the 1071:Average rainy days 931:Record low °C (°F) 791:Daily mean °C (°F) 539: /  339:from 1570 to 1976; 106: /  2205:Lunda Sul Province 1139:sub-Saharan Africa 548:-6.26667; 14.25000 424: 320:[mɨˈβɐ̃zɐ] 308:[ɐ̃ˈbɐ̃zɐ] 270:Reference no. 179: • Total 115:-6.26778; 14.24806 82:Location in Angola 2552: 2551: 2155:Capenda-Camulemba 1996:Chicala-Choloanga 1545:Benguela Province 1266:Citypopulation.de 1245:978-0-7614-4845-7 1191:Citypopulation.de 1147:Pope John Paul II 1125: 1124: 507:Pedro IV of Kongo 436:Álvaro I of Kongo 325: 314:[ĩˈbɐ̃zɐ] 297: 296: 265: 2607: 2590:Kingdom of Kongo 2256:Cambundi-Catembo 2238:Malanje Province 1666:Cabinda Province 1492: 1491: 1490: 1480: 1473: 1466: 1457: 1456: 1420: 1419: 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128: 124: 119: 91:Coordinates: 89: 64: 55: 48: 43: 39: 35: 30: 23: 2523: 2324:Alto Zambeze 2271:Kiwaba Nzoji 1875:Porto Amboim 1795:Golungo Alto 1608:Bié Province 1530:Nambuangongo 1433: 1427:Bibliography 1412:. Retrieved 1407: 1395: 1375: 1368: 1353: 1345: 1336: 1315: 1310: 1302: 1297: 1286:. Retrieved 1282: 1273: 1261: 1249:. Retrieved 1234: 1227: 1215:. Retrieved 1211: 1186: 1169: 1164: 1162: 1151: 1142: 1132: 581:Pointe-Noire 572: 563: 519: 511: 496: 481: 473: 459: 448: 440: 432:São Salvador 431: 427: 425: 388: 384: 380: 378: 345:Mbânza Kôngo 333:São Salvador 332: 299: 298: 76:Mbanza-Kongo 34:Municipality 26:Mbanza-Kongo 2486:Sanza Pombo 2425:Alto Cauale 1981:Londuimbali 1515:Bula Atumba 1143:nkulumbimbi 546: / 413:Congo River 409:Nkisi River 331:, known as 113: / 2559:Categories 2334:Camanongue 2084:Quilengues 2034:Caluquembe 1848:Waku-Kungo 1815:Samba Cajú 1810:Quiculungo 1805:Ngonguembo 1780:Bolongongo 1553:Baía Farta 1414:6 February 1288:2017-07-08 1217:9 December 1178:References 1073:(≥ 0.1 mm) 589:dry season 585:wet season 503:Kimpa Vita 488:hinterland 361:Portuguese 337:Portuguese 253:Designated 174:Population 101:14°14′53″E 2397:Moçâmedes 2251:Calandula 2195:Xá-Muteba 2001:Chinjenje 1976:Cachiungo 1933:Namacunde 1838:Cassongue 1583:Chongorói 1578:Catumbela 1573:Caimbambo 1165:Jalankuwo 534:14°15′0″E 516:Geography 492:oratories 484:Afonso II 393:manikongo 188:Time zone 166:Elevation 98:6°16′04″S 2476:Quimbele 2392:Camacuio 2354:Luchazes 2291:Massango 2276:Luquembo 2165:Caungula 2089:Quipungo 2049:Chipindo 2044:Chicomba 1986:Longonjo 1956:Bailundo 1918:Cuanhama 1885:Quilenda 1870:Mussende 1790:Cambambe 1742:Menongue 1679:Buco-Zau 1641:Camacupa 1636:Catabola 1631:Chitembo 1626:Chinguar 1621:Cunhinga 1563:Benguela 1251:14 April 1118:Source: 577:Kinshasa 531:6°16′0″S 477:currency 462:Alvaro I 405:Atlantic 245:Criteria 240:Cultural 147:Province 2544:Tomboco 2481:Quitexe 2455:Milunga 2440:Buengas 2430:Ambuila 2344:Luacano 2306:Quirima 2286:Marimba 2281:Malanje 2228:Saurimo 2223:Muconda 2170:Chitato 2132:Quiçama 2117:Cazenga 2112:Cacuaco 2074:Lubango 2069:Kuvango 2059:Humpata 2024:Caconda 1938:Ombadja 1928:Cuvelai 1880:Quibala 1785:Cazengo 1752:Rivungo 1747:Nancova 1737:Mavinga 1717:Cuangar 1689:Cacongo 1684:Cabinda 1558:Balombo 1158:airport 1066:(51.1) 1021:(10.0) 996:(53.6) 991:(61.7) 986:(62.6) 981:(61.5) 976:(55.9) 971:(54.1) 966:(53.6) 961:(55.4) 956:(58.8) 951:(63.0) 946:(62.1) 941:(62.8) 936:(61.7) 926:(66.0) 921:(68.2) 916:(68.0) 911:(66.7) 906:(63.1) 901:(60.4) 896:(60.4) 891:(63.5) 886:(67.6) 881:(68.9) 876:(68.7) 871:(68.9) 866:(68.4) 856:(73.8) 851:(75.0) 846:(75.2) 841:(74.1) 836:(70.9) 831:(68.4) 826:(68.4) 821:(71.6) 816:(75.2) 811:(76.5) 806:(77.0) 801:(76.3) 796:(75.6) 786:(81.3) 781:(81.9) 776:(82.4) 771:(81.3) 766:(78.8) 761:(76.3) 756:(76.3) 751:(79.7) 746:(82.8) 741:(84.0) 736:(85.1) 731:(83.7) 726:(82.6) 716:(99.9) 711:(90.5) 706:(96.8) 701:(95.0) 696:(89.6) 691:(90.5) 686:(95.0) 681:(90.5) 676:(95.0) 671:(95.9) 666:(99.9) 661:(98.6) 656:(92.3) 560:Climate 375:History 262:session 248:iii, iv 205:Climate 182:180,329 161:c. 1390 158:Founded 127:Country 2534:N'zeto 2519:Cuimba 2466:Negage 2461:Mucaba 2402:Tômbua 2387:Bibala 2369:Moxico 2364:Lumeje 2329:Bundas 2296:Mucari 2261:Caombo 2246:Cacuso 2213:Cacolo 2190:Lucapa 2185:Lubalo 2175:Cuango 2160:Caumbo 2127:Luanda 2079:Matala 2054:Gambos 2039:Chibia 2029:Cacula 1971:Huambo 1966:Ecunha 1923:Curoca 1913:Cahama 1865:Libolo 1833:Amboim 1800:Lucala 1770:Ambaca 1727:Dirico 1674:Belize 1656:Nharea 1646:Cuemba 1616:Andulo 1598:Lobito 1568:Bocoio 1525:Dembos 1510:Ambriz 1383:  1283:UNESCO 1242:  1235:Angola 1061:(7.2) 1056:(6.6) 1051:(3.1) 1046:(0.3) 1041:(0.2) 1031:(0.1) 1026:(6.1) 1016:(6.9) 1011:(5.2) 1006:(5.5) 607:Month 570:Köppen 474:nzimbu 470:Luanda 451:Jesuit 349:Angola 284:Africa 280:Region 260:(41st 140:Angola 137:  2529:Noqui 2501:Zombo 2491:Songo 2450:Damba 2445:Bungo 2435:Bembe 2407:Virei 2359:Luena 2301:Quela 2180:Cuilo 2137:Viana 2107:Belas 2064:Jamba 2006:Ucuma 1991:Mungo 1961:Caála 1895:Sumbe 1890:Seles 1855:Conda 1775:Banga 1732:Longa 1722:Cuchi 1707:Calai 1651:Cuíto 1593:Ganda 1588:Cubal 1520:Dande 1404:(PDF) 1129:Sites 1064:1,299 646:Year 466:Jagas 444:Évora 341:Kongo 193:UTC+1 2539:Soyo 2496:Uíge 2471:Puri 2349:Luau 2339:Léua 2218:Dala 1843:Cela 1416:2016 1381:ISBN 1253:2010 1240:ISBN 1219:2013 1036:(0) 994:12.0 989:16.5 984:17.0 979:16.4 974:13.3 969:12.3 964:12.0 959:13.0 954:14.9 949:17.2 944:16.7 939:17.1 934:16.5 924:18.9 919:20.1 914:20.0 909:19.3 904:17.3 899:15.8 894:15.8 889:17.5 884:19.8 879:20.5 874:20.4 869:20.5 864:20.2 854:23.2 849:23.9 844:24.0 839:23.4 834:21.6 829:20.2 824:20.2 819:22.0 814:24.0 809:24.7 804:25.0 799:24.6 794:24.2 784:27.4 779:27.7 774:28.0 769:27.4 764:26.0 759:24.6 754:24.6 749:26.5 744:28.2 739:28.9 734:29.5 729:28.7 724:28.1 714:37.7 709:32.5 704:36.0 699:35.0 694:32.0 689:32.5 684:35.0 679:32.5 674:35.0 669:35.5 664:37.7 659:37.0 654:33.5 643:Dec 640:Nov 637:Oct 634:Sep 631:Aug 628:Jul 625:Jun 622:May 619:Apr 616:Mar 613:Feb 610:Jan 387:and 274:1511 257:2017 237:Type 38:town 36:and 1860:Ebo 1449:on 1113:86 1110:12 1107:13 1089:10 1086:15 1083:10 1059:183 1054:167 1024:156 1019:255 1014:175 1009:133 1004:139 579:or 446:. 403:'s 335:in 324:or 197:WAT 2561:: 1406:. 1379:. 1323:^ 1281:. 1210:. 1198:^ 1174:. 1104:7 1101:1 1098:1 1095:0 1092:1 1080:7 1077:9 1049:80 573:Aw 457:. 415:. 383:, 371:. 343:: 317:, 311:, 210:Aw 1479:e 1472:t 1465:v 1418:. 1389:. 1362:. 1360:8 1291:. 1255:. 1221:. 1044:8 1039:4 1034:0 1029:2 568:( 302:( 264:) 199:) 195:(

Index

Municipality
town
Mbanza Kongo (São Salvador) in 1745
Mbanza-Kongo is located in Angola
6°16′04″S 14°14′53″E / 6.26778°S 14.24806°E / -6.26778; 14.24806
Country
Angola
Province
Zaire Province
Time zone
UTC+1
WAT
Climate
Aw
UNESCO World Heritage Site
2017
session
1511
Africa
[ɐ̃ˈbɐ̃zɐ]
[ĩˈbɐ̃zɐ]
[mɨˈβɐ̃zɐ]
[miˈβɐ̃zɐˈkõɡu]
Portuguese
Kongo
Angola
Zaire Province
Kingdom of Kongo
Portuguese
civil wars in the 17th century

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