Lucius Verus - Knowledge

620: 815: 924: 1176: 1040: 1160: 5122:, covered with a blanket dyed with purple, and he built him a tomb, when he died, on the Vatican Hill. It was because of this horse that gold pieces and prizes first began to be demanded for horses, and in such honour was this horse held, that frequently a whole peck of gold pieces was demanded for him by the faction of the 'Greens'."; 10.8, "He was somewhat halting in speech, a reckless gambler, ever of an extravagant mode of life, and in many respects, save only that he was not cruel or given to acting, a second Nero.", for the comparison with other "bad emperors" at 4.6 ("...he so rivalled Caligula, Nero, and Vitellius in their vices..."), and, significantly, the excuse to use 524: 999:. It was an apt reference (Pompey's war had taken him to Armenia), and may have had some impact on the decision to send Lucius to the eastern front. "You will find in it many chapters aptly suited to your present counsels, concerning the choice of army commanders, the interests of allies, the protection of provinces, the discipline of the soldiers, the qualifications required for commanders in the field and elsewhere " To settle his unease over the course of the Parthian War, Fronto wrote Marcus a long and considered letter, full of historical references. In modern editions of Fronto's works, it is labeled 741: 38: 984:, fishing, and comedy), going so far as to write up a fable about the gods' division of the day between morning and evening—Marcus had apparently been spending most of his evenings on judicial matters instead of at leisure. Marcus could not take Fronto's advice. "I have duties hanging over me that can hardly be begged off," he wrote back. Marcus put on Fronto's voice to chastise himself: "'Much good has my advice done you', you will say." He had rested, and would rest often, but "—this devotion to duty. Who knows better than you how demanding it is?" 516: 1394: 1412: 1248:'s arrival one hundred years before. The Syrian army had turned soft during the east's long peace. They spent more time at the city's open-air cafés than in their quarters. Under Lucius, training was stepped up. Pontius Laelianus ordered that their saddles be stripped of their padding. Gambling and drinking were sternly policed. Fronto wrote that Lucius was on foot at the head of his army as often as on horseback. He personally inspected soldiers in the field and at camp, including the sick bay. 1279: 1108:, probably afflicted with a mild stroke, and took to bed. Marcus made prayers to the gods for his safety in front of the senate, and hurried south to see him. Fronto was upset at the news, but was reassured when Lucius sent him a letter describing his treatment and recovery. In his reply, Fronto urged his pupil to moderate his desires, and recommended a few days of quiet bedrest. Lucius was better after three days' fasting and a bloodletting. 1323: 5118:

seed for 6.2–6, "And finally, even at Rome, when he was present and seated with Marcus, he suffered many insults from the 'Blues,' because he had outrageously, as they maintained, taken sides against them. For he had a golden statue made of the 'Green' horse Volucer, and this he always carried around with him; indeed, he was wont to put raisins and nuts instead of barley in this horse's manger and to order him brought to him, in the

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had written on taking his consulship in 143, when he had praised the young Marcus, Fronto was ebullient: "There was then an outstanding natural ability in you; there is now perfected excellence. There was then a crop of growing corn; there is now a ripe, gathered harvest. What I was hoping for then, I have now. The hope has become a reality." Fronto called on Marcus alone; neither thought to invite Lucius.

1537:, Verus continued with his glamorous lifestyle and kept the troupe of actors and favourites with him. He had a tavern built in his house, where he celebrated parties with his friends until dawn. He also enjoyed roaming around the city among the population, without acknowledging his identity. The games of the circus were another passion in his life, especially 1252:

me wish to invite you to share in the joy". Lucius did not want Fronto to suffer the anxieties that had kept him up day and night. One reason for Lucius' reticence may have been the collapse of Parthian negotiations after the Roman conquest of Armenia. Lucius' presentation of terms was seen as cowardice. The Parthians were not in the mood for peace.

1428:) on the reverse. The Parthians retreated to Nisibis, but this too was besieged and captured. The Parthian army dispersed in the Tigris; their general Chosrhoes swam down the river and made his hideout in a cave. A second force, under Avidius Cassius and the III Gallica, moved down the Euphrates, and fought a major battle at Dura. 704:) per capita, and more to officers. In return for this bounty, equivalent to several years' pay, the troops swore an oath to protect the emperors. The ceremony was perhaps not entirely necessary, given that Marcus' accession had been peaceful and unopposed, but it was good insurance against later military troubles. 1451:), opened its gates to the invaders. The city got sacked nonetheless, leaving a black mark on Lucius' reputation. Excuses were sought, or invented: the official version had it that the Seleucids broke faith first. Whatever the case, the sacking marks a particularly destructive chapter in Seleucia's long decline. 907:. Marcus was unprepared. Pius seems to have given him no military experience; the biographer writes that Marcus spent the whole of Pius's twenty-three-year reign at his emperor's side—and not in the provinces, where most previous emperors had spent their early careers. Marcus made the necessary appointments: 1385:

the northern, Parthian bank. Soon after the conquest of the north bank of the Euphrates, other Roman forces moved on Osroene from Armenia, taking Anthemusia, a town south-west of Edessa. There was little movement in 164; most of the year was spent on preparations for a renewed assault on Parthian territory.

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Critics declaimed Lucius' luxurious lifestyle. He had taken to gambling, they said; he would "dice the whole night through". He enjoyed the company of actors. He made a special request for dispatches from Rome, to keep him updated on how his chariot teams were doing. He brought a golden statue of the

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8.4–5), the flood must have happened before Verus's departure for the east in 162; because it appears in the biographer's narrative after Pius' funeral has finished and the emperors have settled into their offices, it must not have occurred in the spring of 161. A date in autumn 161 or spring 162 is

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Marcus may have planned to accompany them all the way to Smyrna (the biographer says he told the senate he would); this did not happen. Marcus only accompanied the group as far as Brundisium, where they boarded a ship for the east. Marcus returned to Rome immediately thereafter, and sent out special

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Lucius sent Fronto few messages at the beginning of the war. He sent Fronto a letter apologizing for his silence. He would not detail plans that could change within a day, he wrote. Moreover, there was little thus far to show for his work: "not even yet has anything been accomplished such as to make

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as soon as news of his pupils' accession reached him. He sent a note to the imperial freedman Charilas, asking if he could call on the emperors. Fronto would later explain that he had not dared to write the emperors directly. The tutor was immensely proud of his students. Reflecting on the speech he

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Immediately after Hadrian's death, Antoninus approached Marcus and requested that his marriage arrangements be amended: Marcus' betrothal to Ceionia Fabia would be annulled, and he would be betrothed to Faustina, Antoninus' daughter, instead. Faustina's betrothal to Ceionia's brother Lucius Commodus

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On the evidence of Lucian, the Parthians still held the southern, Roman bank of the Euphrates (in Syria) as late as 163 (he refers to a battle at Sura, which is on the southern side of the river). Before the end of the year, however, Roman forces had moved north to occupy Dausara and Nicephorium on

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In the middle of the war, perhaps in autumn 163 or early 164, Lucius made a trip to Ephesus to be married to Marcus' daughter Lucilla. Lucilla's thirteenth birthday was in March 163; whatever the date of her marriage, she was not yet fifteen. Marcus had moved up the date: perhaps stories of Panthea

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invaded the Roman territory. This war would last until 180, but Verus did not see the end of it. In 168, as Verus and Marcus Aurelius returned to Rome from the field, Verus fell severely ill and died soon afterwards. Some authors suggest that he was poisoned, but this is unlikely. He may have died

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In the judgment of T.D. Barnes: 4.8 ("He was very fond also of charioteers, favouring the 'Greens'.") and 10.9 ("Among other articles of extravagance he had a crystal goblet, named Volucer after that horse of which he had been very fond, that surpassed the capacity of any human draught.") are the

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Furius Victorinus, one of the two praetorian prefects, was sent with Lucius, as were a pair of senators, M. Pontius Laelianus Larcius Sabinus and M. Iallius Bassus, and part of the praetorian guard. Victorinus had previously served as procurator of Galatia, giving him some experience with eastern

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Most of the credit for the war's success must be ascribed to subordinate generals. The forces that advanced on Osroene were led by M. Claudius Fronto, an Asian provincial of Greek descent who had led I Minervia in Armenia under Priscus. He was probably the first senator in his family. Fronto was

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coast. He was too anxious to relax. Writing to Fronto, he declared that he would not speak about his holiday. Fronto replied ironically: "What? Do I not know that you went to Alsium with the intention of devoting yourself to games, joking and complete leisure for four whole days?" He encouraged

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Soon after the emperors' accession, Marcus's eleven-year-old daughter, Annia Lucilla, was betrothed to Lucius (in spite of the fact that he was, formally, her uncle). At the ceremonies commemorating the event, new provisions were made for the support of poor children, along the lines of earlier

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Over the winter of 161–62, as more troubling news arrived—a rebellion was brewing in Syria—it was decided that Lucius should direct the Parthian War in person. He was stronger and healthier than Marcus, the argument went, more suited to military activity. Lucius's biographer suggests ulterior

658:. Marcus became, in official titulature, Imperator Caesar Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus; Lucius, forgoing his name Commodus and taking Marcus's family name, Verus, became Imperator Caesar Lucius Aurelius Verus Augustus. It was the first time that Rome was ruled by two emperors. 1423:

In 165, Roman forces, perhaps led by Martius Verus and the V Macedonica, moved on Mesopotamia. Edessa was re-occupied, Mannus re-installed. His coinage resumed, too: 'Ma'nu the king' (Syriac: M'NW MLK') or Antonine dynasts on the obverse, and 'King Mannos, friend of Romans' (Greek:

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flooded over its banks, destroying much of Rome. It drowned many animals, leaving the city in famine. Marcus and Lucius gave the crisis their personal attention. In other times of famine, the emperors are said to have provided for the Italian communities out of the Roman granaries.

884:, a town just beyond the Cappadocian frontiers, high up past the headwaters of the Euphrates. Severianus made some attempt to fight Chosrhoes, but soon realized the futility of his campaign, and committed suicide. His legion was massacred. The campaign had only lasted three days. 1055:

motives: to restrain Lucius's debaucheries, to make him thrifty, to reform his morals by the terror of war, to realize that he was an emperor. Whatever the case, the senate gave its assent, and Lucius left. Marcus remained in Rome; the city "demanded the presence of an emperor".

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4.4–6.6) is an insertion into a narrative otherwise entirely cribbed from an earlier source. Some few passages seem genuine; others take and elaborate something from the original. The rest is by the biographer himself, relying on nothing better than his own imagination.

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There was, however, much precedent. The consulate was a twin magistracy, and earlier emperors had often had a subordinate lieutenant with many imperial offices (under Pius, the lieutenant had been Marcus). Many emperors had planned a joint succession in the

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was able to criticize them without suffering retribution. At any other time, under any other emperor, he would have been executed. But it was a peaceful time, a forgiving time. And thus, as the biographer wrote, "No one missed the lenient ways of Pius."

1377:. They deposed the country's leader, Mannus, and replaced him with their own nominee, who would remain in office until 165. (The Edessene coinage record actually begins at this point, with issues showing Vologases IV on the obverse and "Wael the king" ( 1571:

Despite the minor differences between them, Marcus Aurelius grieved the loss of his adoptive brother. He accompanied the body to Rome, where he offered games to honour his memory. After the funeral, the senate declared Verus divine to be worshipped as

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Lucius was less esteemed by his tutor than his brother, as his interests were on a lower level. Lucius asked Fronto to adjudicate in a dispute he and his friend Calpurnius were having on the relative merits of two actors. Marcus told Fronto of his

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Occupied Armenia was reconstructed on Roman terms. In 164, a new capital, Kaine Polis ('New City'), replaced Artaxata. On Birley's reckoning, it was thirty miles closer to the Roman border. Detachments from Cappadocian legions are attested at

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I Minervia and V Macedonica, under the legates M. Claudius Fronto and P. Martius Verus, served under Statius Priscus in Armenia, earning success for Roman arms during the campaign season of 163, including the capture of the Armenian capital

715:, while his spirit would rise to the gods' home in the heavens. Marcus and Lucius nominated their father for deification. In contrast to their behavior during Pius's campaign to deify Hadrian, the senate did not oppose the emperors' wishes. 788:

The emperors' early reign proceeded smoothly. Marcus was able to give himself wholly to philosophy and the pursuit of popular affection. Some minor troubles cropped up in the spring; there would be more later. In the spring of 162, the

854:. Attidius had been retained as governor even though his term ended in 161, presumably to avoid giving the Parthians the chance to wrong-foot his replacement. The Governor of Cappadocia, the front-line in all Armenian conflicts, was 1151:. It is not known how long Verus's journey east took; he might not have arrived in Antioch until after 162. Statius Priscus, meanwhile, must have already arrived in Cappadocia; he would earn fame in 163 for successful generalship. 923: 966:, Marcus's first cousin. He was young—his first consulship was in 161, so he was probably in his early thirties—and, as a mere patrician, lacked military experience. Marcus had chosen a reliable man rather than a talented one. 619: 4971:, imagining that they would accept equal rank—but all of these arrangements had ended in failure, either through premature death (Gaius and Lucius Caesar) or judicial murder (Gemellus by Caligula and Britannicus by Nero). 5108:: 4.8, "He was very fond also of charioteers, favouring the 'Greens'."; 4.10, "He never needed much sleep, however; and his digestion was excellent."; perhaps 5.7, "After the banquet, moreover, they diced until dawn.". 1259:. Because the river breaks across a cliff before reaching the city, Lucius ordered that a new canal be dug. After the project was completed, the Orontes' old riverbed dried up, exposing massive bones—the bones of a 579:, Hadrian's nephew by marriage. By this scheme, Lucius, who was already Hadrian's adoptive grandson through his natural father, remained as such through his new father. Antoninus also betrothed his daughter 1202:. The biographer calls her a "low-born girl-friend", but she was described as a "woman of perfect beauty" by Lucius. One biographer has postulated that Panthea may have been more beautiful than any of 1077:("companion of the emperors") for his service. Laelianus was, in the words of Fronto, "a serious man and an old-fashioned disciplinarian". Bassus had been Governor of Lower Moesia, and was also made 1031:; under Trajan, Hadrian, and Pius; but, in the end, Romans had always prevailed over their enemies: "always and everywhere has changed our troubles into successes and our terrors into triumphs". 480:, who was himself adopted by Hadrian. Hadrian died later that year, and Antoninus Pius succeeded to the throne. Antoninus Pius would rule the empire until 161, when he died, and was succeeded by 1067:. Repentinus had the rank of a senator, but no real access to senatorial circles—his was merely a decorative title. Since a prefect had to accompany the guard, Victorinus was the clear choice. 673:. It would have been clear to the public which emperor was the more senior. As the biographer wrote, "Verus obeyed Marcus...as a lieutenant obeys a proconsul or a governor obeys the emperor." 728:. Pius's remains were laid to rest in Hadrian's mausoleum, beside the remains of Marcus's children and of Hadrian himself. The temple he had dedicated to his wife, Diva Faustina, became the 8063: 1466:

again, earning the title 'imp. III'. Cassius' army returned to the field in 166, crossing over the Tigris into Media. Lucius took the title 'Medicus', and the emperors were again hailed as

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More news arrived: Attidius Cornelianus's army had been defeated in battle against the Parthians, and retreated in disarray. Reinforcements were dispatched for the Parthian frontier.

873:, then-proconsul of Asia, and friends with many members of the east Roman elite. Alexander convinced Severianus that he could defeat the Parthians easily, and win glory for himself. 1070:

Laelianus had been governor of both Pannonias and Governor of Syria in 153; thus he had first-hand knowledge of the eastern army and military strategy on the frontiers. He was made

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consul for 165, probably in honor of the capture of Edessa. P. Martius Verus had led V Macedonica to the front, and also served under Priscus. Martius Verus was a westerner, whose

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Cassius' army, although suffering from a shortage of supplies and the effects of a plague contracted in Seleucia, made it back to Roman territory safely. Iunius Maximus, a young

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on the left. Ctesiphon was taken and its royal palace set to flame. The citizens of Seleucia, still largely Greek (the city had been commissioned and settled as a capital of the

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instructions to his proconsuls not to give the group any official reception. Lucilla would bear three of Lucius' children in the coming years. Lucilla became Lucilla Augusta.

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Pius's funeral ceremonies were, in the words of the biographer, "elaborate". If his funeral followed the pattern of past funerals, his body would have been incinerated on a

1503:, followed the emperor on his travels, and was prefect of Egypt at the end of Hadrian's reign. Cassius also, with no small sense of self-worth, claimed descent from the 7950: 1132: 8030: 7946: 1604: 962:

The northern frontiers were strategically weakened; frontier governors were told to avoid conflict wherever possible. Attidius Cornelianus himself was replaced by

1347:. It would have meant a march of twenty days or more, through mountainous terrain, from the Roman border; a "remarkable example of imperialism", in the words of 814: 1217:

Panthea read Lucian's first draft, and criticized him for flattery. He had compared her to a goddess, which frightened her—she did not want to become the next

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Greens' horse Volucer around with him, as a token of his team spirit. Fronto defended his pupil against some of these claims: the Roman people needed Lucius'

4883: 761: 6097: 2780: 476:. Raised and educated in Rome, he held several political offices prior to taking the throne. After his biological father's death in 138, he was adopted by 429: 7362: 7358: 6001: 5997: 1541:. Marcus Aurelius disapproved of his conduct but, since Verus continued to perform his official tasks with efficiency, there was little that he could do. 635:

Antoninus died on 7 March 161, and was succeeded by Marcus Aurelius. Marcus Aurelius bore deep affection for Antoninus, as evidenced by the first book of

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probable, and, given the normal seasonal distribution of Tiber flooding, the most probable date is in spring 162. (Birley dates the flood to autumn 161).

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Victorinus had also served in Britain, on the Danube, in Spain, as prefect of the Italian fleets, as prefect of Egypt, and in many posts in Rome itself.

5006:, whose name he shares. He probably had not been particularly incompetent. A more likely candidate for that incompetence is Nepos' likely predecessor, 1462:) for bringing the good news, and immediate promotion to the quaestorship. Lucius took the title Parthicus Maximus, and he and Marcus were hailed as 7532: 7398: 7394: 7351: 6432: 6428: 6062: 6043: 6024: 6020: 5204: 3018: 928: 4994:

Since 15 CE, the river had been administered by a Tiber conservancy board, with a consular senator at its head and a permanent staff. In 161, the

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declared that they were the bones of the river's spirit. These bones would later be understood to be that of several large unspecified animals.

13070: 4615: 13045: 597:. He was reported to have been an excellent student, fond of writing poetry and delivering speeches. Verus started his political career as a 5215: 1597: 1175: 7611:(London: Duckworth, 1989), 142–143. Birley, "Hadrian to the Antonines", 163–164, says that the siege marked the end of the city's history. 7819: 3361: 1290:

had disturbed him. Lucilla was accompanied by her mother Faustina and M. Vettulenus Civica Barbarus, the half-brother of Lucius' father.

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shows even more confusion. The mistaken belief that Lucius had the name "Verus" before becoming emperor has proven especially popular.

12951: 12946: 7780: 1914: 1139:. The journey continued by ship through the Aegean and the southern coasts of Asia Minor, lingering in the famed pleasure resorts of 6412:

Giuseppe Camodeca, "La carriera del prefetto del pretorio Sex.Cornelius Repentinus in una nuova iscrizione puteolana" (in Italian),

8093: 4212: 1520: 422: 1081:. Lucius selected his favorite freedmen, including Geminus, Agaclytus, Coedes, Eclectus, and Nicomedes, who gave up his duties as 368: 12926: 12921: 8618: 5030:(while Pius was alive) while contesting Birley's contention that Marcus had no military experience. (Neither Apollinaris nor the 1590: 1381:: W'L MLK') on the reverse). In response, Roman forces were moved downstream, to cross the Euphrates at a more southerly point. 12931: 947:

at Vindobona (Vienna), left for Cappadocia with detachments from the Danubian legions. Three full legions were also sent east:

4602: 1493:, commander of III Gallica, one of the Syrian legions. Cassius was a young senator of low birth from the north Syrian town of 667:, or authority, than Verus. He had been consul once more than Lucius, he had shared in Pius' administration, and he alone was 12911: 9412: 9280: 7813: 5245: 5178: 4868: 4758: 1060: 1039: 803: 9445:

Italics indicates a junior co-emperor, underlining indicates an emperor variously regarded as either legitimate or a usurper

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Except where otherwise noted, the notes below indicate that an individual's parentage is as shown in the above family tree.

1311:, despite having never seen combat; Marcus declined to accept the title until the following year. When Lucius was hailed as 12941: 12916: 8625: 8041: 7997: 7966: 7957: 4014: 1319:

with him. The army of Syria was reinforced by II Adiutrix and Danubian legions under X Gemina's legate Geminius Marcianus.

1221:. She had power, too. She made Lucius shave his beard for her. The Syrians mocked him for this, as they did for much else. 13065: 13025: 12906: 10686: 10474: 9248: 7855: 5200: 461:

was ruled by more than one emperor simultaneously, an increasingly common occurrence in the later history of the Empire.

415: 373: 13060: 12895: 11656: 11372: 10240: 9500: 9474: 8051: 7127: 5143:; since he took the title in 164, the letter can be no earlier than that date), but the battles themselves date to 163. 5091:. (Fronto was, in any case, unfamiliar with Juvenal; the author was out of style through the classicizing mania of the 870: 639:. Although the senate planned to confirm Marcus alone, he refused to take office unless Lucius received equal powers. 4846: 4827: 3167: 2100: 1458:

serving in III Gallica under Cassius, took the news of the victory to Rome. Maximus received a generous cash bounty (

940: 858:, a Gaul with much experience in military matters. But living in the east had a deleterious effect on his character. 559: 1497:. His father, Heliodorus, had not been a senator, but was nonetheless a man of some standing: he had been Hadrian's 831:

On his deathbed, Pius spoke of nothing but the state and the foreign kings who had wronged him. One of those kings,

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Birley, "Hadrian to the Antonines", 164, citing Alföldy and Halfmann, "Iunius Mauricus und die Victoria Parthica",

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9.4; Barnes, 72; Birley, "Hadrian to the Antonines", 163; cf. also Barnes, "Legislation Against the Christians",

3943: 3430: 1470:, becoming 'imp. IV' in imperial titulature. Marcus took the Parthicus Maximus now, after another tactful delay. 1218: 532: 249: 12198: 11925: 11781: 9185: 8977: 8939: 8899: 8866: 7789: 5690: 1948: 1358:. He may not even have been crowned in Armenia; the ceremony may have taken place in Antioch, or even Ephesus. 836: 753:

imperial foundations. Marcus and Lucius proved popular with the people of Rome, who strongly approved of their

580: 1159: 12494: 12284: 12216: 12081: 11948: 11858: 11671: 9789: 9400: 9226: 9053: 9019: 8983: 8872: 4878: 3354: 2565: 2141: 1416: 1405: 5010:. A military man and consul for 159, Priscus probably looked on the office as little more than "paid leave". 869:

around with him, but was really only a confidence man. Alexander was father-in-law to the respected senator

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Die Siegestitulatur der römischen Kaiser. Untersuchungen zu den Siegerbeinamen des 1. und 2. Jahrhunderts

4925:, the main source for the period, cannot keep them straight. The fourth-century ecclesiastical historian 4749: 3119: 1955: 1012: 818:

Head of Lucius Verus on an older statue from 50 to 75 AD, in military garb and wearing a muscle cuirass,

12256: 11589: 11326: 11153: 11085: 9667: 9432: 9388: 9366: 9317: 9204: 8995: 8764: 8106: 3986: 1734: 912: 855: 454: 265: 216: 43: 12777: 10548: 9339: 9307: 9132: 8312: 8071: 7986: 4998:(curator of the Tiber bed and banks and the city sewers") was A. Platorius Nepos, son or grandson of 3653: 1906: 1164: 862: 401: 4752:) gives the story that Faustina the Elder promised to marry Avidius Cassius. This is also echoed in 13075: 10622: 10393: 10255: 9349: 9302: 8849: 8496: 3737: 2134: 1260: 778: 745: 614: 523: 469: 5698: 5694: 4665:

It is uncertain whether Rupilia Faustina was Frugi's daughter by Salonia Matidia or another woman.

13080: 12462: 12377: 12354: 10671: 10533: 10470: 10259: 10059: 9875: 9157: 9137: 8911: 8791: 8079: 7877: 4192: 2805: 1507:. Cassius and Martius Verus, still probably in their mid-thirties, took the consulships for 166. 1304: 1245: 1198:

and summered at Daphne, a resort just outside Antioch. He took up a mistress named Panthea, from

1127:. During sacrifice, a falling star was observed in the sky, shooting west to east. He stopped in 832: 594: 740: 13040: 12966: 12956: 12504: 12483: 12402: 11316: 11176: 10786: 10420: 10380: 10174: 10116: 10000: 9804: 9467: 9427: 9406: 9312: 8102: 7976: 7913: 5007: 4226: 3181: 1264: 908: 809: 555: 7803: 1366:: Verus sat on a throne with his staff while Sohaemus stood before him, saluting the emperor. 13010: 12976: 12452: 12417: 12397: 12387: 12349: 10949: 10853: 10207: 9361: 9356: 9332: 9327: 9243: 9080: 9068: 8839: 8464: 8034: 7117: 5235: 4999: 2376: 996: 978:

Marcus to rest, calling on the example of his predecessors (Pius had enjoyed exercise in the

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and a little Cicero—and his family. His daughters were in Rome, with their great-great-aunt

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Colossal head of Lucius Verus (mounted on a modern bust), from a villa belonging to him in

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dashed lines indicate adoption; dotted lines indicate love affairs/unmarried relationships

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Lucius needed to make extensive imports into Antioch, so he opened a sailing route up the

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which ended in Roman victory and some territorial gains. After initial involvement in the

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By the end of the year, Cassius' army had reached the twin metropolises of Mesopotamia:

12757: 12744: 12321: 11331: 10903: 10878: 9945: 9720: 9322: 9265: 9209: 9191: 9180: 9142: 9112: 8990: 8708: 8612: 8362: 8331: 8324: 7837: 7833: 5211: 3385: 3377: 1483: 1336: 1226: 1168: 1086: 1064: 963: 956: 840: 819: 744:

Bust of Lucius as a young man, in the Collection of Greek and Roman Antiquities in the

12812: 12791: 12685: 12652: 12364: 11699: 11321: 11201: 10823: 10751: 10409: 10212: 10202: 10134: 9460: 9287: 9233: 9074: 8972: 8947: 8796: 8658: 8394: 8379: 8257: 8225: 7809: 7785: 7123: 5241: 5174: 5003: 4956: 4864: 4842: 4823: 4804:"De Imperatoribus Romanis: An Online Encyclopedia of Roman Rulers and Their Families" 1283: 1028: 1020: 952: 911:, the Governor of Britain, was sent to replace Severianus as Governor of Cappadocia. 892: 649: 167: 1089:

was charged with transporting the Emperor and general communications and transport.

768:

Fronto returned to his Roman townhouse at dawn on 28 March, having left his home in

13050: 12991: 12818: 12646: 12412: 12166: 11749: 11046: 10942: 10883: 10307: 10287: 9417: 9394: 9297: 9270: 9255: 9221: 9147: 9107: 9097: 8822: 8749: 8719: 8582: 8537: 8532: 8404: 5195: 5164: 5092: 4902: 4754: 4219: 2558: 2148: 1550: 1533: 1369:

In 163, while Statius Priscus was occupied in Armenia, the Parthians intervened in

1268: 1195: 1105: 1016: 948: 877: 681: 677: 669: 654: 515: 492: 7654:(London, 1940), Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus, nos. 384 ff., 1248 ff., 1271 ff. 5269: 4980:

Because both Verus and Marcus are said to have taken active part in the recovery (

2757: 531:

Born Lucius Ceionius Commodus on 15 December 130, Verus was the first-born son of

12763: 12733: 12692: 12628: 12372: 12302: 12172: 11511: 11166: 10888: 10282: 9920: 9888: 9727: 9058: 9048: 8957: 8744: 8652: 8640: 8634: 8486: 8307: 8277: 8220: 8200: 8007: 7930: 7922: 5168: 3744: 3689: 3661: 2368: 2126: 1899: 1565: 1504: 1490: 1440: 1393: 1378: 1188: 1044: 760:

The emperors permitted free speech, evidenced by the fact that the comedy writer

590:

As a prince and future emperor, Verus received careful education from the famous

576: 551: 481: 457:. Verus' succession together with Marcus Aurelius marked the first time that the 450: 394: 336: 79: 10469: 7119:

The First Fossil Hunters: Dinosaurs, Mammoths, and Myth in Greek and Roman Times

5754:, 121. Date: Jaap-Jan Flinterman, "The Date of Lucian's Visit to Abonuteichos," 1411: 1354:

A new king was installed: a Roman senator of consular rank and Arsacid descent,

724:, or cultic priest, was appointed to minister the cult of the deified Pius, now 13030: 12859: 12657: 12618: 12336: 12292: 12161: 11245: 11171: 11001: 10873: 10833: 10581: 10433: 10398: 10388: 10322: 10277: 10159: 10154: 9734: 9713: 9679: 8952: 8916: 8861: 8754: 8677: 8575: 8569: 8501: 8481: 8235: 8195: 7906: 6630:

Itinera Principum. Geschichte und Typologie der Kaiserreisen im Römischen Reich

4952: 4856: 3394: 2347: 2092: 1538: 1494: 1373:, a Roman client in upper Mesopotamia, just east of Syria, with its capital at 1180: 1048: 1024: 944: 844: 712: 571: 566: 477: 316: 235: 69: 7678:

Coins of the Roman Empire in the British Museum IV: Antoninus Pius to Commodus

7652:

Coins of the Roman Empire in the British Museum IV: Antoninus Pius to Commodus

7433:

Coins of the Roman Empire in the British Museum IV: Antoninus Pius to Commodus

7337:

Coins of the Roman Empire in the British Museum IV: Antoninus Pius to Commodus

1100:. Lucius feasted himself in the country houses along his route, and hunted at 13004: 12538: 12437: 12269: 12239: 11915: 11770: 11627: 11496: 11336: 11311: 11261: 10868: 10863: 10858: 10848: 10655: 10586: 10576: 10438: 10192: 9940: 9883: 9836: 9673: 9632: 9422: 9382: 8926: 8734: 8542: 4948: 4441: 3723: 2596: 1727: 1348: 1256: 932: 782: 547: 540: 446: 229: 51: 7594:

8.3–4; Birley, "Hadrian to the Antonines", 163. Birley cites R.H. McDowell,

4568: 12457: 12447: 12422: 12274: 12224: 12183: 11909: 11821: 11709: 11622: 11602: 11521: 11486: 11481: 11367: 11306: 11016: 10838: 10828: 10791: 10746: 10660: 10650: 10640: 10556: 10272: 10149: 9958: 9899: 9759: 9706: 9611: 9167: 8962: 8894: 8889: 8879: 8702: 8564: 5139:

2.1) dates to 164 (Fronto makes a reference to Marcus' delay in taking the

4944: 4384: 2628: 1499: 1340: 1278: 880:) into Armenia, but was trapped by the great Parthian general Chosrhoes at 676:

Immediately after their senate confirmation, the emperors proceeded to the

500: 487:

As emperor, the majority of his reign was occupied by his direction of the

458: 1059:

affairs. Moreover, he was far more qualified than his praetorian partner,

835:, made his move in late summer or early autumn 161. Vologases entered the 684:. Lucius addressed the assembled troops, which then acclaimed the pair as 12727: 12672: 12523: 12472: 12392: 12264: 12156: 12138: 12096: 12007: 11898: 11893: 11888: 11842: 11826: 11799: 11764: 11754: 11689: 11642: 11632: 11617: 11607: 11554: 11516: 11491: 11471: 11461: 11227: 11211: 11186: 11181: 10981: 10908: 10818: 10801: 10756: 10731: 10665: 10645: 10630: 10612: 10342: 10337: 10144: 9971: 9951: 9765: 9699: 9690: 9574: 9031: 8906: 8856: 8781: 8355: 8302: 8245: 6382:

Les carrières procuratoriennes équestres sous le Haut-Empire romain I–III

5105: 4968: 4394: 1244:

Lucius faced quite a task. Fronto described the scene in terms recalling

1211: 1120: 587:

would also have to be annulled. Marcus consented to Antoninus' proposal.

195: 109: 7836:

is 10 December 168, when Lucius' tribunician power was renewed, while a

12844: 12798: 12751: 12706: 12678: 12499: 12382: 12307: 12234: 12123: 11938: 11876: 11871: 11866: 11848: 11836: 11816: 11789: 11759: 11739: 11684: 11637: 11612: 11544: 11506: 11476: 11466: 11206: 11006: 10996: 10766: 10761: 10726: 10635: 10607: 10428: 10332: 10327: 10312: 10297: 10105: 10099: 10013: 9741: 9559: 9496: 9087: 9002: 8967: 8932: 8844: 8759: 8519: 8512: 8459: 8439: 8384: 8349: 8342: 8287: 8252: 8115: 5527: 5034:(Birley's source) are particularly reliable on second-century history). 1560: 1232:

This, at least, is how the biographer has it. The whole section of the

1207: 1093: 987:

Fronto sent Marcus a selection of reading material, including Cicero's

785:; Marcus thought the evening air of the country was too cold for them. 697: 663: 496: 8101: 7435:(London, 1940), Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus, nos. 261ff.; 300 ff. 7102:

138.6–9 K., 9.5–7 L.; Christopher Jones, "The Emperor and the Giant",

1063:, who was said to owe his office to the influence of Pius's mistress, 887:

There was threat of war on other frontiers as well—in Britain, and in

12784: 12699: 12662: 12588: 12582: 12509: 12489: 12206: 12188: 12133: 12113: 11976: 11811: 11794: 11744: 11597: 11564: 11559: 11501: 11300: 11121: 11074: 11026: 10986: 10963: 10736: 10602: 10571: 10225: 10139: 9965: 9846: 9583: 8834: 8786: 8696: 8683: 8470: 8399: 8372: 8367: 8336: 8282: 8230: 8165: 8160: 7869: 7598:(Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1935), 124ff., on the date. 5123: 1436: 1140: 980: 839:(then a Roman client state), expelled its king and installed his own— 693: 1322: 1194:

Lucius spent most of the campaign in Antioch, though he wintered at

12854: 12849: 12838: 12805: 12720: 12713: 12667: 12639: 12633: 12598: 12561: 12556: 12551: 12546: 12178: 12118: 11961: 11933: 11526: 11456: 11268: 11254: 11234: 11196: 11108: 11053: 11011: 10843: 10813: 10776: 10721: 10566: 10443: 10348: 10292: 10187: 10094: 10088: 10077: 10043: 9927: 9913: 9906: 9893: 9857: 9597: 9102: 8884: 8776: 8729: 8689: 8671: 8591: 8526: 8506: 8476: 8449: 8444: 8429: 8419: 8389: 8297: 8292: 8240: 8215: 8210: 8175: 8140: 8135: 8130: 8125: 4960: 4940: 3958: 2654: 1479: 1448: 1432: 1179:

Statue of Lucius Verus on a body modelled after a sculpture by the

1136: 701: 696:. This donative, however, was twice the size of those past: 20,000 689: 644: 598: 346: 20: 7840:

is provided by the first record of Marcus as sole ruler on May 29.

1531:

The next two years (166–168) were spent in Rome. According to the

12831: 12770: 12613: 12297: 12108: 12102: 12090: 11971: 11966: 11903: 11882: 11727: 11679: 11579: 11569: 11294: 11191: 11161: 11143: 11132: 11115: 11067: 11060: 10991: 10913: 10561: 10369: 10355: 10267: 10218: 10124: 10067: 10018: 9851: 9841: 9821: 9754: 9604: 9483: 9036: 8739: 8646: 8559: 8414: 8190: 6641:

Christian Habicht, "Pausanias and the Evidence of Inscriptions",

5084: 4822:. Translated by R. Ross Holloway. Milan: Edizioni Arte e Moneta. 4803: 4001: 3977: 2637: 1401: 1370: 1203: 1148: 1144: 1128: 1112: 974: 881: 543: 473: 306: 211: 147: 122: 9495: 7184: 7182: 7180: 1034: 449:

from 161 until his death in 169, alongside his adoptive brother

12738: 12608: 12245: 12128: 11733: 11704: 11574: 11549: 11341: 11275: 11101: 11094: 11021: 10976: 10970: 10796: 10716: 10302: 10129: 10082: 10036: 10008: 9934: 9812: 9771: 9653: 9618: 9590: 8808: 8665: 8547: 8319: 8185: 6338: 6336: 5920:

203–204, qtd. and tr. Alan Cameron, review of Anthony Birley's

5095:, and would not become popular until the later fourth century). 2108: 1556: 1515: 1344: 1272: 1199: 1116: 1101: 992: 970: 900: 896: 888: 866: 720: 623: 602: 296: 7676:

Birley, "Hadrian to the Antonines", 164, citing H. Mattingly,

7650:

Birley, "Hadrian to the Antonines", 164, citing H. Mattingly,

7578:

20, 28; Birley, "Hadrian to the Antonines", 163, citing Syme,

12824: 12603: 12593: 12571: 12229: 11138: 11126: 11039: 10956: 10807: 10741: 10403: 10072: 10030: 10024: 9816: 9775: 9646: 9639: 9625: 8409: 8180: 8170: 8150: 7680:(London, 1940), Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus, nos. 401ff. 7431:, 131; "Hadrian to the Antonines", 162, citing H. Mattingly, 7339:(London, 1940), Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus, nos. 233ff. 7335:, 129; "Hadrian to the Antonines", 162, citing H. Mattingly, 7177: 1927: 1882: 1524: 1327: 1184: 1154: 1131:, where he is attested at the estate of the local aristocrat 1097: 1072: 1007:). There had been reverses in Rome's past, Fronto writes, at 790: 769: 583:

to Lucius, although the arrangement was canceled soon after.

484:, who later raised his adoptive brother Verus to co-emperor. 286: 7663:

Birley, "Hadrian to the Antonines", 164, citing P. Kneissl,

6950:

Alan Cameron, "Literary Allusions in the Historia Augusta",

6333: 5052:

Birley believes there is some truth in these considerations.

1267:

says they were from a beast "more than eleven cubits" tall;

12576: 12566: 11956: 11831: 11032: 10362: 10182: 10164: 10049: 9831: 9826: 9660: 9452: 8155: 8145: 7637:(Amsterdam, 1987), 203 ff (with addenda, 220–221); Fronto, 7153:

58:1–2 (1968), 39; "Some Persons in the Historia Augusta",

4964: 1362:

was hailed on the imperial coinage of 164 under the legend

1123:. At Athens he stayed with Herodes Atticus, and joined the 708: 105: 7460: 7458: 7448:, 130, 279 n. 38; "Hadrian to the Antonines", 163, citing 605:

in 154, and in 161 was consul again with Marcus Aurelius.

10781: 7765:

Birley, "Hadrian to the Antonines", 164, citing Alföldy,

7706:

Birley, "Hadrian to the Antonines", 164, citing Alföldy,

5664:(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007), 30–31. 4462: bluish-purple indicates emperors of other dynasties 1210:' statues. The mistress was musically inclined and spoke 826: 546:. He was born and raised in Rome. Verus had two sisters, 12002: 5079:

Fronto called it "the corn-dole and public spectacles" (

4951:

as joint emperors on his death; Tiberius wished to have

4921:

These name-swaps have proven so confusing that even the

4820:

Women of the Caesars: Their Lives and Portraits on Coins

1085:

to run the commissariat of the expeditionary force. The

7455: 850:

At the time of the invasion, the Governor of Syria was

732:. It survives as the church of San Lorenzo in Miranda. 630: 7520:

Astarita, 41; Birley, "Hadrian to the Antonines", 162.

1297: 1167:

after a drawing by H. Warren from a sketch by Captain

865:, a self-proclaimed prophet who carried a snake named 7365:(Marcianus); Birley, "Hadrian to the Antonines", 162. 5026:'s comment that Marcus commanded "countless legions" 4884:

Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology

1271:

says that it was "thirty cubits" tall. The oracle at

1092:

Lucius left in the summer of 162 to take a ship from

661:

In spite of their nominal equality, Marcus held more

575:. Antoninus was instructed to adopt Lucius alongside 565:

When his father died on 1 January 138, Hadrian chose

7278:

Birley, "Hadrian to the Antonines", 161–162, citing

4456: grey indicates unsuccessful imperial aspirants 1315:

again, however, Marcus did not hesitate to take the

5446:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990), 109. 5442:, 117–118. "twice the size": Richard Duncan-Jones, 4996:

curator alevi Tiberis et riparum et cloacarum urbis

4861:

Faustina I and II: Imperial Women of the Golden Age

4640:

Husband of Rupilia Faustina: Levick (2014), p. 163.

4608: 4839:Beloved and God: The Story of Hadrian and Antinous 4592:Husband of Salonia Matidia: Levick (2014), p. 161. 1119:, accompanied by musicians and singers as if in a 918: 464:Born on 15 December 130, he was the eldest son of 6937:17 (= Haines 2.216–217); Juvenal, 10.78; Birley, 6403:8.9; Birley, "Hadrian to the Antonines", 160–161. 4538:Husband of Ulpia Marciana: Levick (2014), p. 161. 13002: 7565:15, 19; Birley, "Hadrian to the Antonines", 163. 7548:Birley, "Hadrian to the Antonines", 163, citing 7378:, 131; "Hadrian to the Antonines", 162; Millar, 6624:Birley, "Hadrian to the Antonines", 161, citing 6372: 6370: 6368: 4798: 4770:Husband of Ceionia Fabia: Levick (2014), p. 164. 4595: 4508:Sister of Trajan's father: Giacosa (1977), p. 7. 1388: 445:(15 December 130 – January or February 169) was 190:Lucius Aelius Aurelius Commodus (after adoption) 5582:4.2.3 (= Haines 1.302ff), qtd. and tr. Birley, 5486: 5484: 4712:Wife of M. Annius Verus: Giacosa (1977), p. 10. 4560: 4558: 4556: 1544: 1307:. At the end of the year, Verus took the title 601:in 153 (one year before the legal age), became 202:Imperator Caesar Lucius Aurelius Verus Augustus 7805:Lucius Verus and the Roman Defence of the East 7498:2.1.3 (= Haines 2.133); Astarita, 41; Birley, 7081: 7079: 6962: 6960: 5237:Lucius Verus and the Roman Defence of the East 5203:) is confirmed by a contemporary inscription ( 4877: 4721:Wife of M. Annius Libo: Levick (2014), p. 163. 9468: 8087: 7781:The Antonines: The Roman Empire in Transition 7635:Römische Heeresgeschichte. Beiträge 1962–1985 7418:, 280 n. 42; "Hadrian to the Antonines", 162. 7298:9.1; Birley, "Hadrian to the Antonines", 162. 6396: 6394: 6365: 5594: 5592: 5542: 5540: 5454: 5452: 5386:Birley, "Hadrian to the Antonines", 157 n.53. 5369: 5367: 5365: 5363: 5361: 1598: 1579: 1035:Lucius's dispatch and journey east (162–163?) 991:, in which the orator had argued in favor of 861:Severianus had fallen under the influence of 797: 554:. His maternal grandparents were the senator 423: 7756:IV (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988), ?). 6451:2.6 (= Haines 2.84ff), qtd. and tr. Birley, 5481: 5377:, 117; "Hadrian to the Antonines", 157 n.53. 4627:Lover of Hadrian: Lambert (1984), p. 99 and 4553: 1564:due to the widespread epidemic known as the 7076: 6957: 5173:. Cambridge University Press. p. 493. 4631:; deification: Lamber (1984), pp. 2–5, etc. 9475: 9461: 8094: 8080: 7631:Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 7122:. Princeton University Press. p. 73. 7036:2.2 (= Haines 2.117), tr. Haines; Birley, 6414:Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 6391: 5804:, 121. On Alexander, see: Robin Lane Fox, 5756:Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 5589: 5537: 5449: 5358: 5083:), preferring his own pompous rephrase to 4780: 4778: 4776: 4735: 4733: 4731: 4729: 4727: 4699: 4697: 4695: 4693: 4691: 4689: 4687: 4677: 4675: 4673: 4671: 4652: 4650: 4648: 4646: 4525: 4523: 1605: 1591: 1155:Luxury and logistics at Antioch (162?–165) 626:of Lucius marked: L. VERVS AVG. ARMENIACVS 430: 416: 36: 6253:10 (= Haines 2.31), qtd. and tr. Birley, 6148:3.1 (= Haines 2.5), qtd. and tr. Birley, 4579: 4577: 4546: 4544: 1489:The most prominent general, however, was 1163:Antioch from the southwest (engraving by 969:Marcus took a four-day public holiday at 642:The senate accepted, granting Lucius the 569:as his new heir, giving him the title of 12885: 7620:Birley, "Hadrian to the Antonines", 164. 7269:Birley, "Hadrian to the Antonines", 163. 6992:Birley, "Hadrian to the Antonines", 162. 6297:1 (= Haines 2.21), qtd. and tr. Birley, 6212:4 (= Haines 2.19), qtd. and tr. Birley, 5808:(Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1986), 241–250. 5474:7.10, tr. David Magie, cited in Birley, 5444:Structure and Scale in the Roman Economy 4567:contributor (Herbert W. Benario, 2000), 1523:). He used to sprinkle gold-dust on his 1521:National Archaeological Museum of Athens 1514: 1410: 1392: 1321: 1277: 1174: 1158: 1038: 922: 903:mountains had recently crossed over the 813: 739: 618: 522: 514: 7502:, 130; "Hadrian to the Antonines", 162. 7485:, 130; "Hadrian to the Antonines", 162. 7322:, 129; "Hadrian to the Antonines", 162. 7174:, 131; "Hadrian to the Antonines", 163. 7089:, 130; "Hadrian to the Antonines", 162. 7056:, 130; "Hadrian to the Antonines", 162. 7040:, 130; "Hadrian to the Antonines", 162. 6678:, 126; "Hadrian to the Antonines", 161. 6577:, 126; "Hadrian to the Antonines", 161. 5553:, 119; "Hadrian to the Antonines", 157. 5398:4.2, tr. David Magie, cited in Birley, 5322:, 116; "Hadrian to the Antonines", 156. 5267: 5170:The Cambridge Manual of Latin Epigraphy 4836: 4817: 4773: 4724: 4684: 4668: 4643: 4520: 735: 692:, Lucius promised the troops a special 13003: 12032: 11397: 10499: 9525: 7801: 5233: 5163: 4855: 4574: 4541: 4511: 827:Origins to Lucius's dispatch (161–162) 495:, he fell ill and died in 169. He was 12884: 12001: 11366: 10468: 9494: 9456: 8075: 7115: 6717:Barry Baldwin, review of C.P. Jones' 4392: 4383: 4381: 4379: 4377: 4375: 4373: 4371: 4369: 4367: 4365: 4363: 4361: 4359: 4357: 4355: 4353: 4351: 4349: 4347: 4345: 4343: 4341: 4339: 4337: 4335: 4333: 4331: 4329: 4327: 4313: 4311: 4309: 4307: 4297: 4295: 4293: 4291: 4289: 4287: 4285: 4283: 4281: 4279: 4277: 4275: 4273: 4271: 4269: 4267: 4265: 4263: 4261: 4259: 4257: 4255: 4253: 4251: 4249: 4247: 4245: 4243: 4225: 4218: 4216: 4211: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4191: 4184: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4170: 4128: 4126: 4124: 4122: 4120: 4118: 4116: 4082: 4080: 4078: 4072: 4070: 4068: 4066: 4064: 4062: 4060: 4054: 4052: 4050: 4025: 4020: 4018: 4013: 4000: 3992: 3990: 3985: 3976: 3956: 3954: 3949: 3942: 3856: 3854: 3852: 3850: 3848: 3846: 3836: 3770: 3743: 3736: 3734: 3729: 3722: 3702: 3700: 3697: 3695: 3693: 3688: 3679: 3659: 3657: 3652: 3460: 3429: 3414: 3412: 3410: 3408: 3392: 3383: 3381: 3376: 3371: 3369: 3367: 3365: 3360: 3353: 3293: 3291: 3289: 3287: 3285: 3283: 3281: 3255: 3253: 3251: 3205: 3180: 3173: 3171: 3166: 3161: 3139: 3137: 3135: 3133: 3131: 3129: 3127: 3125: 3123: 3118: 3116: 3114: 3112: 3110: 3104: 3102: 3100: 3042: 3030: 3017: 3010: 3008: 3005: 2992: 2986: 2984: 2982: 2945: 2943: 2940: 2935: 2895: 2893: 2891: 2889: 2887: 2885: 2883: 2881: 2879: 2873: 2871: 2869: 2839: 2837: 2835: 2833: 2831: 2829: 2827: 2817: 2815: 2813: 2811: 2809: 2804: 2799: 2797: 2795: 2793: 2791: 2789: 2786: 2779: 2756: 2751: 2749: 2747: 2745: 2743: 2729: 2727: 2725: 2723: 2721: 2719: 2717: 2715: 2713: 2711: 2709: 2707: 2705: 2703: 2701: 2699: 2693: 2691: 2689: 2687: 2685: 2671: 2669: 2667: 2665: 2663: 2661: 2659: 2652: 2635: 2626: 2624: 2622: 2620: 2618: 2616: 2614: 2612: 2610: 2608: 2606: 2604: 2595: 2593: 2591: 2564: 2557: 2555: 2553: 2551: 2549: 2547: 2545: 2543: 2541: 2527: 2525: 2505: 2503: 2501: 2499: 2497: 2495: 2489: 2483: 2481: 2479: 2381: 2375: 2366: 2356: 2346: 2314: 2312: 2310: 2308: 2306: 2300: 2298: 2296: 2294: 2292: 2286: 2284: 2282: 2280: 2278: 2276: 2248: 2234: 2232: 2230: 2228: 2226: 2220: 2218: 2216: 2214: 2212: 2206: 2204: 2202: 2200: 2198: 2196: 2186: 2184: 2182: 2180: 2178: 2176: 2174: 2172: 2170: 2147: 2140: 2138: 2133: 2124: 2106: 2104: 2099: 2090: 2088: 2083: 2081: 2079: 2039: 2037: 2035: 2033: 2031: 2029: 2027: 1989: 1987: 1985: 1979: 1977: 1975: 1954: 1947: 1945: 1943: 1941: 1925: 1923: 1921: 1919: 1912: 1905: 1903: 1898: 1880: 1858: 1856: 1854: 1848: 1846: 1844: 1842: 1840: 1834: 1832: 1830: 1828: 1826: 1820: 1818: 1816: 1798: 1796: 1794: 1792: 1790: 1775: 1773: 1771: 1765: 1763: 1760: 1755: 1753: 1751: 1745: 1743: 1740: 1733: 1731: 1726: 1650: 1648: 1646: 1644: 1642: 1640: 1638: 1622: 1135:, and made an unexpected stopover at 876:Severianus led a legion (perhaps the 688:. Then, like every new emperor since 12537: 7784:. London & New York: Routledge. 5263: 5261: 5259: 5257: 5229: 5227: 4908: 1435:on the right bank of the Tigris and 631:Accession of Lucius and Marcus (161) 539:, the first adopted son and heir of 7808:. Pen and Sword. pp. 120–122. 6180:3.6–12 (= Haines 2.11–19); Birley, 5662:Floods of the Tiber in ancient Rome 1298:Counterattack and victory (163–166) 1236:dealing with Lucius' debaucheries ( 931:near Rome, between 180 and 183 AD, 13: 8052:Marcus Ummidius Quadratus Annianus 7750:Bonner Historia-Augustia Colloquia 7098:Pausanias 8.29.3–4; Philostratus, 7052:2.2 (= Haines 2.117–119); Birley, 6966:Barnes, 69. Translations from the 6611:, 126, citing Cassiodorus senator 5967:Die Satthalter der germ. Provinzen 871:Publius Mummius Sisenna Rutilianus 14: 13092: 13071:People of the Roman–Parthian Wars 13046:Burials at the Castel Sant'Angelo 7849: 7596:Coins from Seleucia on the Tigris 7020:13 (= Haines 2.209–211); Birley, 7004:2.1.19 (= Haines 2.149); Birley, 6853:4.6, tr. Magie; cf. 5.7; Birley, 5254: 5224: 5135:The letter noting the victories ( 5022:adduces the fifth-century writer 1400:, 2nd-century relief plates from 1047:(left) and Lucius Verus (right), 941:Publius Julius Geminius Marcianus 7822:from the original on 31 May 2024 7795: 7772: 7759: 7730: 7713: 7700: 7683: 7670: 7657: 7644: 7623: 7614: 7601: 7585: 7568: 7555: 7542: 7523: 7514: 7505: 7488: 7471: 7438: 7421: 7408: 7385: 7368: 7342: 7325: 7301: 7289: 7272: 7263: 7247: 7231: 7215: 7195: 7164: 7136: 7109: 7092: 7059: 7043: 7027: 7011: 6995: 6986: 6977: 6944: 6928: 6921:17 (= Haines 2.216–17); Birley, 6912: 6896: 6880: 6860: 6844: 6828: 6812: 6795: 6778: 6761: 6745: 6557:2.6 (= Haines 2.85–87); Birley, 5129: 5111: 5098: 5073: 4764: 4742: 4715: 4706: 4659: 4634: 4621: 4586: 4532: 4502: 1510: 1096:; Marcus followed him as far as 943:, an African senator commanding 730:Temple of Antoninus and Faustina 7856:Historia Augusta: Life of Verus 6728: 6711: 6698: 6681: 6668: 6652: 6635: 6618: 6601: 6580: 6564: 6548: 6532: 6508: 6491: 6475: 6458: 6442: 6419: 6406: 6349: 6317: 6304: 6288: 6272: 6260: 6244: 6232: 6219: 6203: 6187: 6171: 6155: 6139: 6123: 6107: 6088: 6072: 6053: 6034: 6011: 5988: 5972: 5952: 5931: 5911: 5891: 5875: 5858: 5845: 5828: 5811: 5794: 5777: 5761: 5740: 5724: 5708: 5683: 5667: 5654: 5638: 5622: 5605: 5573: 5556: 5516: 5500: 5465: 5425: 5405: 5389: 5380: 5064: 5055: 5046: 5037: 5013: 4988: 4974: 4932: 4915: 4748:The epitomator of Cassius Dio ( 4440: Reddish-purple indicates 4401: 3965: 3711: 3668: 3401: 2643: 2115: 1934: 1889: 1519:Portrait head found in Athens ( 1339:, beneath the southern face of 919:Strategic emergency in the East 374:Category:Nerva–Antonine dynasty 156: 7633:35 (1979): 195–212 = Alföldy, 7530:Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae 7392:Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae 7356:Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum 7349:Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae 7318:2.3 (= Haines 2.133); Birley, 6426:Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae 6281:2 (= Haines 2.21–23); Birley, 5995:Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum 5691:Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae 5345: 5325: 5309: 5296: 5276: 5187: 5157: 1398:The apotheosis of Lucius Verus 995:taking supreme command in the 915:took Priscus's former office. 558:and the unattested noblewoman 1: 12495:Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator 8060:Quintus Caecilius Dentilianus 7742:Prosopographia Imperii Romani 7725:Prosopographia Imperii Romani 7695:Prosopographia Imperii Romani 7576:Historia Quomodo Conscribenda 7563:Historia Quomodo Conscribenda 7550:Prosopographia Imperii Romani 7479:Historia Quomodo Conscribenda 7450:Prosopographia Imperii Romani 7284:Prosopographia Imperii Romani 7280:Prosopographia Imperii Romani 7157:26:2 (1972), 142, citing the 6873:17 (= Haines 2.217); Birley, 6719:Culture and Society in Lucian 6470:Prosopographia Imperii Romani 6060:Incriptiones Latinae Selectae 6041:Incriptiones Latinae Selectae 6018:Incriptiones Latinae Selectae 5866:Historia Quomodo Conscribenda 5270:"Lucius Verus (161-169 A.D.)" 4444:of the Nerva–Antonine dynasty 4213:C. Furius Sabinus Timesitheus 1406:Humboldt University of Berlin 1389:Invasion of Mesopotamia (165) 1111:Verus continued eastward via 804:Roman–Parthian War of 161–166 510: 238:(adoptive, from February 138) 16:Roman emperor from 161 to 169 9482: 7609:The Roman Empire of Ammianus 7511:Champlin, "Chronology", 147. 6196:4, tr. Haines 2.19; Birley, 6164:3.4 (= Haines 2.9); Birley, 5150: 1555:In 168 war broke out in the 1545:Wars on the Danube and death 1426:Basileus Mannos Philorōmaios 951:from Bonn in Upper Germany, 7: 12428:Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator 8021:Q. Camurius Numisius Junior 6754:7.10, qtd. and tr. Birley, 6632:(Stuttgart, 1986), 210–211. 6525:, 125–126. Stroke: Birley, 6380:, 125, citing H.G. Pflaum, 5941:, 123, citing A.R. Birley, 5268:Peacock, Phoebe B. (2001). 4896: 4863:. Oxford University Press. 1956:Aelius Hadrianus Marullinus 852:Lucius Attidius Cornelianus 10: 13097: 13026:2nd-century Roman emperors 11327:Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef 10711:Sekhemrekhutawy Sobekhotep 10475:Second Intermediate Period 9367:Constantine XI Palaiologos 9318:Andronikos III Palaiologos 9205:Nikephoros III Botaneiates 7744:A 1402f.; 1405; Astarita, 6723:American Historical Review 6645:3:1 (1984), 42–43, citing 6501:, 125, citing C.G. Starr, 6132:1 (= Haines 2.3); Birley, 5549:8.1, qtd. and tr. Birley, 1613:Nerva–Antonine family tree 1580:Nerva–Antonine family tree 1548: 913:Sextus Calpurnius Agricola 856:Marcus Sedatius Severianus 807: 801: 798:War with Parthia (161–166) 612: 608: 369:Nerva–Antonine family tree 44:Metropolitan Museum of Art 18: 13061:2nd-century Roman consuls 12989: 12891: 12880: 12778:Lucius Mussius Aemilianus 12522: 12468:Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos 12363: 12335: 12320: 12283: 12255: 12215: 12197: 12147: 12080: 12065: 12023: 12019: 11997: 11947: 11924: 11857: 11780: 11718: 11670: 11655: 11588: 11535: 11447: 11432: 11388: 11384: 11373:Third Intermediate Period 11362: 11285: 11244: 11152: 11084: 10932: 10700: 10685: 10621: 10595: 10547: 10532: 10490: 10486: 10464: 10419: 10379: 10254: 10239: 10173: 10115: 10058: 9999: 9984: 9874: 9803: 9788: 9689: 9573: 9558: 9516: 9512: 9501:First Intermediate Period 9490: 9443: 9375: 9340:Andronikos IV Palaiologos 9308:Andronikos II Palaiologos 9133:Constantine IX Monomachos 8821: 8718: 8601: 8428: 8266: 8114: 8056: 8039: 8027: 8013: 7995: 7987:Tiberius Oclatius Severus 7983: 7971: 7955: 7943: 7938: 7927: 7911: 7903: 7898: 7863: 7667:(Göttingen, 1969), 99 ff. 7282:C 874 (Claudius Fronto); 5570:1.3.2 (= Haines 1.298ff). 5532:Die Organisation Italiens 5043:The text breaks off here. 4837:Lambert, Royston (1984). 4818:Giacosa, Giorgio (1977). 4412: 4410: 4390: 4388: 4385:Furia Sabina Tranquillina 4321: 4317: 4315: 4305: 4235: 4233: 4223: 4189: 4182: 4180:L. Aurelius Agaclytus (2) 4164: 4162: 4160: 4158: 4152: 4150: 4148: 4142: 4140: 4138: 4136: 4132: 4130: 4114: 4110: 4108: 4106: 4104: 4102: 4100: 4098: 4096: 4094: 4092: 4090: 4088: 4076: 4074: 4058: 4056: 4036: 4023: 4007: 3998: 3983: 3974: 3972: 3947: 3936: 3932: 3928: 3926: 3922: 3920: 3918: 3916: 3914: 3912: 3906: 3904: 3902: 3896: 3890: 3884: 3882: 3880: 3878: 3876: 3874: 3872: 3864: 3844: 3834: 3830: 3824: 3820: 3818: 3816: 3814: 3812: 3810: 3808: 3806: 3804: 3802: 3800: 3798: 3796: 3794: 3792: 3786: 3784: 3782: 3780: 3778: 3776: 3756: 3750: 3741: 3727: 3720: 3686: 3677: 3675: 3646: 3644: 3642: 3640: 3638: 3636: 3634: 3632: 3630: 3628: 3626: 3620: 3618: 3616: 3608: 3606: 3600: 3598: 3596: 3594: 3592: 3590: 3588: 3586: 3580: 3578: 3576: 3568: 3566: 3564: 3556: 3552: 3550: 3548: 3546: 3544: 3538: 3536: 3534: 3532: 3530: 3528: 3526: 3524: 3522: 3516: 3508: 3506: 3504: 3502: 3500: 3498: 3496: 3494: 3492: 3490: 3488: 3486: 3484: 3482: 3476: 3472: 3466: 3456: 3454: 3448: 3446: 3440: 3427: 3425: 3423: 3421: 3419: 3390: 3374: 3358: 3347: 3345: 3343: 3339: 3337: 3335: 3329: 3327: 3325: 3323: 3321: 3319: 3317: 3315: 3313: 3311: 3309: 3307: 3305: 3297: 3295: 3279: 3277: 3275: 3271: 3269: 3263: 3261: 3259: 3257: 3249: 3245: 3243: 3241: 3239: 3237: 3235: 3233: 3231: 3229: 3227: 3225: 3223: 3221: 3219: 3217: 3211: 3191: 3189: 3187: 3178: 3164: 3159: 3157: 3155: 3153: 3151: 3147: 3145: 3108: 3106: 3094: 3092: 3090: 3082: 3072: 3070: 3068: 3062: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3050: 3048: 3040: 3036: 3028: 3026: 3024: 3022: 3015: 3013: 3003: 3001: 2999: 2997: 2995: 2990: 2988: 2972: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2964: 2962: 2958: 2956: 2954: 2938: 2933: 2931: 2929: 2925: 2923: 2921: 2919: 2917: 2911: 2907: 2901: 2877: 2875: 2863: 2861: 2849: 2845: 2825: 2823: 2821: 2819: 2802: 2784: 2765: 2763: 2754: 2741: 2737: 2735: 2697: 2695: 2681: 2679: 2675: 2673: 2650: 2633: 2602: 2600: 2581: 2579: 2577: 2575: 2573: 2571: 2566:L. Julius Ursus Servianus 2562: 2539: 2537: 2535: 2533: 2531: 2529: 2523: 2519: 2517: 2515: 2513: 2511: 2493: 2491: 2487: 2485: 2473: 2471: 2469: 2467: 2465: 2463: 2461: 2459: 2457: 2445: 2443: 2441: 2439: 2433: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2421: 2419: 2413: 2411: 2409: 2407: 2405: 2395: 2391: 2389: 2387: 2373: 2364: 2362: 2354: 2352: 2340: 2338: 2336: 2334: 2332: 2326: 2318: 2316: 2304: 2302: 2290: 2288: 2274: 2272: 2270: 2266: 2264: 2262: 2260: 2258: 2256: 2254: 2242: 2238: 2236: 2224: 2222: 2210: 2208: 2194: 2162: 2145: 2131: 2122: 2097: 2073: 2071: 2063: 2061: 2059: 2057: 2055: 2053: 2051: 2043: 2041: 2025: 2021: 2019: 2013: 2009: 2007: 2005: 1999: 1997: 1995: 1983: 1981: 1952: 1910: 1896: 1874: 1872: 1870: 1862: 1860: 1852: 1850: 1838: 1836: 1824: 1822: 1814: 1810: 1804: 1769: 1767: 1758: 1749: 1747: 1738: 1720: 1718: 1716: 1714: 1712: 1710: 1708: 1706: 1704: 1702: 1700: 1692: 1690: 1688: 1680: 1676: 1674: 1672: 1670: 1668: 1666: 1664: 1662: 1660: 1658: 1656: 1636: 1632: 1630: 1628: 1527:hair to make it brighter. 1326:The Euphrates river near 1214:, spiced with Attic wit. 1043:Busts of the co-emperors 863:Alexander of Abonoteichus 757:(lacking pomp) behavior. 453:. He was a member of the 402:Year of the Five Emperors 245: 222: 210: 201: 194: 189: 184: 180: 166: 141: 129: 116: 97: 93: 85: 75: 65: 57: 50: 35: 30: 12490:Cleopatra VII Philopator 10747:Ameny Antef Amenemhet VI 9505: (<3150–2040 BC) 9303:Michael VIII Palaiologos 7951:Quintus Petiedius Gallus 7151:Journal of Roman Studies 7116:Mayor, Adrienne (2011). 6771:3, qtd. and tr. Birley, 6628:728, 3072; H. Halfmann, 6529:, 126; Haines 2.85 n. 1. 6358:8.9, tr. Magie; Birley, 5631:4.1 (= Haines 1.300ff), 4472:= posthumously deified ( 3362:Calvisia Domitia Lucilla 1728:Q. Marcius Barea Soranus 1133:Publius Vedius Antoninus 746:Kunsthistorisches Museum 615:Reign of Marcus Aurelius 567:Titus Aurelius Antoninus 260:Roman imperial dynasties 101:Lucius Ceionius Commodus 12463:Ptolemy XI Alexander II 12378:Ptolemy II Philadelphus 10672:Seankhibtawy Seankhibra 9158:Eudokia Makrembolitissa 8792:Tiberius II Constantine 8031:Marcus Vibius Liberalis 7967:Titus Sextius Lateranus 7947:Gaius Cattius Marcellus 7878:Nervan-Antonian Dynasty 6821:7.10, cf. 7.4; Birley, 6503:The Roman Imperial Navy 6388:(Paris, 1982), no. 139. 5717:11.3, cited in Birley, 3994:Ti. Claudius Pompeianus 3120:L. Caesennius Antoninus 1419:, Tunis, 2nd century AD 1229:to keep them in check. 973:, a resort town on the 833:Vologases IV of Parthia 595:Marcus Cornelius Fronto 519:Lucius Verus as a child 13066:Nerva–Antonine dynasty 13056:Deified Roman emperors 13036:Ancient Roman adoptees 12505:Ptolemy XIV Philopator 12484:Cleopatra VI Tryphaena 12478:Berenice IV Epiphaneia 12433:Ptolemy VIII Euergetes 12403:Arsinoe III Philopator 11317:Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef 10787:Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw 10727:Sekhemkare Amenemhat V 10318:Neferkare VI Pepiseneb 9313:Michael IX Palaiologos 8064:Marcus Antonius Pallas 7977:Marcus Nonius Macrinus 7802:Bishop, M. C. (2018). 7778:Michael Grant (1994). 6869:8.7, 8.10–11; Fronto, 5965:, 123, citing W. Eck, 5629:Ad Antoninum Imperator 5580:Ad Antoninum Imperator 5234:Bishop, M. C. (2018). 5210:) and an entry in the 5193:The date given by the 4784:Levick (2014), p. 117. 4739:Giacosa (1977), p. 10. 4703:Levick (2014), p. 164. 4681:Levick (2014), p. 162. 4656:Levick (2014), p. 163. 4529:Levick (2014), p. 161. 4227:Junius Licinius Balbus 4021:Junius Licinius Balbus 4015:M. Plautius Quintillus 3987:M. Annius Verus Caesar 2946:C. Fuscus Salinator II 2758:Julia Serviana Paulina 1528: 1420: 1408: 1343:, 400 km east of 1331: 1286: 1191: 1172: 1083:praefectus vehiculorum 1051: 936: 909:Marcus Statius Priscus 823: 749: 627: 556:Gaius Avidius Nigrinus 528: 527:Bust of Antoninus Pius 520: 455:Nerva–Antonine dynasty 266:Nerva–Antonine dynasty 125:, Italia, Roman Empire 12453:Ptolemy X Alexander I 12418:Ptolemy VI Philometor 12398:Ptolemy IV Philopator 12393:Berenice II Euergetes 12388:Ptolemy III Euergetes 12350:Philip III Arrhidaeus 10859:Khahotepre Sobekhotep 10854:Merhotepre Sobekhotep 10208:Merenre Nemtyemsaf II 9407:Thessalonian emperors 9401:Trapezuntine emperors 9362:John VIII Palaiologos 9357:Manuel II Palaiologos 9328:John VI Kantakouzenos 9244:Andronikos I Komnenos 9081:Constantine Lekapenos 8109:and empresses regnant 8035:Publius Martius Verus 7106:95:4 (2000): 476–481. 6954:92:3 (1964), 367–368. 6210:De Feriis Alsiensibus 6194:De Feriis Alsiensibus 6178:De Feriis Alsiensibus 6162:De Feriis Alsiensibus 6146:De Feriis Alsiensibus 6130:De Feriis Alsiensibus 5806:Pagans and Christians 5619:1.1 (= Haines 1.305). 5081:annona et spectaculis 4802:contributors (2000). 4583:Giacosa (1977), p. 9. 4550:Giacosa (1977), p. 7. 4517:Giacosa (1977), p. 8. 2752:C. Fuscus Salinator I 1735:Q. Marcius Barea Sura 1549:Further information: 1518: 1417:Bardo National Museum 1414: 1396: 1356:Gaius Julius Sohaemus 1325: 1281: 1178: 1162: 1147:, before arriving in 1042: 926: 817: 802:Further information: 743: 622: 526: 518: 503:as the Divine Verus ( 443:Lucius Aurelius Verus 12886:Dynastic genealogies 12510:Ptolemy XV Caesarion 11806:Tutkheperre Shoshenq 11720:High Priests of Amun 11222:Merankhre Mentuhotep 10924:Seheqenre Sankhptahi 10919:Sewadjare Mentuhotep 10772:Khaankhre Sobekhotep 10479: (2040–1550 BC) 10198:Merenre Nemtyemsaf I 9345:John VII Palaiologos 9293:Theodore II Laskaris 9153:Constantine X Doukas 9093:Nikephoros II Phokas 7974:(Prifernius?) Paetus 7875:Cadet branch of the 7374:Dio 71.3.1; Birley, 6484:8.6, 9.3–5; Birley, 6310:Dio 71.1.3; Birley, 6095:L'Année Épigraphique 5926:The Classical Review 5868:21, 24, 25; Birley, 5864:Dio 71.2.1; Lucian, 5660:Gregory S. Aldrete, 5024:Sidonius Apollinaris 4927:Eusebius of Caesarea 4841:. New York: Viking. 4759:"Marcus Aurelius" 24 2993:L. Caesennius Paetus 2936:L. Ceionius Commodus 2806:Cn. Arrius Antoninus 2101:C. Salonius Matidius 1456:tribunus laticlavius 1415:Ancient bust in the 1282:Lucilla depicted as 1125:Eleusinian Mysteries 1061:Cornelius Repentinus 736:Early rule (161–162) 537:Lucius Aelius Caesar 470:adopted son and heir 466:Lucius Aelius Caesar 12408:Ptolemy V Epiphanes 12345:Alexander the Great 11377: (1550–664 BC) 10899:Mershepsesre Ini II 10894:Merkawre Sobekhotep 10288:Neferkare IV Khendu 9276:Theodore I Laskaris 9261:Alexios III Angelos 9239:Alexios II Komnenos 9163:Romanos IV Diogenes 9118:Romanos III Argyros 9064:Romanos I Lekapenos 7316:Ad Verrum Imperator 7104:Classical Philology 6935:Principae Historiae 6919:Principae Historiae 6788:11, 14–15; Birley, 6643:Classical Antiquity 6241:10 (= Haines 2.31). 5701:(Priscus); Birley, 5104:In the judgment of 4963:left the empire to 4200:Plautius Quintillus 4193:L. Antistius Burrus 4175:Petronius Antoninus 3738:Q. Servilius Pudens 3731:Plautius Quintillus 3182:C. Avidius Nigrinus 2358:Libo Rupilius Frugi 2135:P. Acilius Attianus 1776:P. Aelius Hadrianus 1445:Alexander the Great 1005:On the Parthian War 955:from Aquincum, and 135:Hadrian's Mausoleum 120:Early 169 (aged 38) 19:For the opera, see 12745:Trebonianus Gallus 11332:Senakhtenre Ahmose 10950:Ya'ammu Nubwoserre 10904:Sewahenre Senebmiu 10879:Sankhenre Sewadjtu 10308:Neferkare V Tereru 10278:Neferkare III Neby 9946:Sekhemib-Perenmaat 9395:Britannic emperors 9389:Palmyrene emperors 9323:John V Palaiologos 9266:Alexios IV Angelos 9215:Constantine Doukas 9210:Alexios I Komnenos 9198:Constantine Doukas 9181:Michael VII Doukas 9143:Michael VI Bringas 8709:Romulus Augustulus 8332:Trebonianus Gallus 8325:Herennius Etruscus 8107:Byzantine emperors 8017:Marcus Annius Libo 7939:Political offices 7838:terminus ante quem 7834:terminus post quem 7607:John F. Matthews, 7496:Ad Verum Imperator 7050:Ad Verum Imperator 7034:Ad Verum Imperator 7018:Principae Historia 7002:Ad Verum Imperator 6871:Principae Historia 6725:92:5 (1987), 1185. 6555:Ad Verum Imperator 6449:Ad Verum Imperator 6384:(Paris, 1960–61); 6269:1 (= Haines 2.21). 5617:Ad Verum Imperator 5568:Ad Verum Imperator 5302:Marcus Aurelius, " 5212:Chronograph of 354 5137:Ad Verum Imperator 5089:panem et circenses 5008:M. Statius Priscus 4603:"Julius Servianus" 3690:C. Avidius Cassius 3019:T. Aurelius Fulvus 1529: 1491:C. Avidius Cassius 1484:Gallia Narbonensis 1449:successor kingdoms 1421: 1409: 1364:Rex armeniis Datus 1332: 1287: 1227:bread and circuses 1192: 1173: 1065:Galeria Lysistrate 1052: 964:Marcus Annius Libo 937: 837:Kingdom of Armenia 824: 820:Farnese Collection 810:Roman–Persian Wars 750: 680:, the camp of the 628: 529: 521: 12998: 12997: 12985: 12984: 12876: 12875: 12872: 12871: 12868: 12867: 12792:Claudius Gothicus 12686:Severus Alexander 12653:Septimius Severus 12518: 12517: 12316: 12315: 12061: 12060: 11993: 11992: 11989: 11988: 11985: 11984: 11700:Osorkon the Elder 11651: 11650: 11428: 11427: 11358: 11357: 11354: 11353: 11350: 11349: 11322:Nubkheperre Intef 11202:Sekhemre Shedwast 10824:Sehetepkare Intef 10752:Semenkare Nebnuni 10681: 10680: 10528: 10527: 10460: 10459: 10456: 10455: 10452: 10451: 10235: 10234: 10213:Netjerkare Siptah 10135:Neferirkare Kakai 9980: 9979: 9784: 9783: 9554: 9553: 9450: 9449: 9288:John III Vatatzes 9234:Manuel I Komnenos 8973:Michael I Rangabe 8817: 8816: 8659:Petronius Maximus 8258:Severus Alexander 8226:Septimius Severus 8070: 8069: 8057:Succeeded by 8014:Succeeded by 7991:Novius Sabinianus 7972:Succeeded by 7928:Succeeded by 7815:978-1-4738-4945-7 7071:Panegyrici Latini 6521:8.10–11; Birley, 6295:De bello Parthico 6279:De bello Parthico 6267:De bello Parthico 6251:De bello Parthico 6239:De bello Parthico 5928:17:3 (1967): 349. 5493:7.10–11; Birley, 5247:978-1-4738-4945-7 5240:. Pen and Sword. 5180:978-0-521-84026-2 5165:Cooley, Alison E. 5120:House of Tiberius 4957:Tiberius Gemellus 4943:planned to leave 4909:Explanatory notes 4894: 4893: 4870:978-0-19-537941-9 4489: 4488: 4416: 4415: 3951:M. Petronius Sura 2377:L. Vibius Sabinus 1756:M. Cocceius Nerva 1104:. He fell ill at 1001:De bello Parthico 650:tribunician power 440: 439: 407: 406: 355: 354: 271: 255: 254: 206: 205: 61:7 March 161 – 169 13088: 12992:List of pharaohs 12882: 12881: 12647:Pescennius Niger 12535: 12534: 12531: 12530: 12443:Ptolemy IX Soter 12413:Cleopatra I Syra 12333: 12332: 12329: 12328: 12078: 12077: 12074: 12073: 12030: 12029: 12021: 12020: 12014: 12013: 11999: 11998: 11750:Djedkhonsuefankh 11668: 11667: 11664: 11663: 11445: 11444: 11441: 11440: 11415: 11410: 11395: 11394: 11386: 11385: 11379: 11378: 11364: 11363: 10957:Qareh Khawoserre 10943:Yakbim Sekhaenre 10884:Mersekhemre Ined 10698: 10697: 10694: 10693: 10545: 10544: 10541: 10540: 10497: 10496: 10488: 10487: 10481: 10480: 10466: 10465: 10252: 10251: 10248: 10247: 9997: 9996: 9993: 9992: 9801: 9800: 9797: 9796: 9571: 9570: 9567: 9566: 9523: 9522: 9514: 9513: 9507: 9506: 9492: 9491: 9477: 9470: 9463: 9454: 9453: 9298:John IV Laskaris 9271:Alexios V Doukas 9256:Isaac II Angelos 9222:John II Komnenos 9148:Isaac I Komnenos 9108:Constantine VIII 9098:John I Tzimiskes 8825:Byzantine Empire 8599: 8598: 8096: 8089: 8082: 8073: 8072: 8028:Preceded by 7984:Preceded by 7944:Preceded by 7904:Preceded by 7894: 7887: 7886:15 December 130 7870:Antonine dynasty 7861: 7860: 7843: 7842: 7829: 7827: 7799: 7793: 7776: 7770: 7763: 7757: 7734: 7728: 7717: 7711: 7704: 7698: 7687: 7681: 7674: 7668: 7661: 7655: 7648: 7642: 7627: 7621: 7618: 7612: 7605: 7599: 7589: 7583: 7572: 7566: 7559: 7553: 7546: 7540: 7527: 7521: 7518: 7512: 7509: 7503: 7492: 7486: 7475: 7469: 7462: 7453: 7442: 7436: 7425: 7419: 7412: 7406: 7389: 7383: 7372: 7366: 7346: 7340: 7329: 7323: 7305: 7299: 7293: 7287: 7276: 7270: 7267: 7261: 7251: 7245: 7235: 7229: 7219: 7213: 7199: 7193: 7186: 7175: 7168: 7162: 7140: 7134: 7133: 7113: 7107: 7096: 7090: 7083: 7074: 7063: 7057: 7047: 7041: 7031: 7025: 7015: 7009: 6999: 6993: 6990: 6984: 6981: 6975: 6964: 6955: 6948: 6942: 6932: 6926: 6916: 6910: 6900: 6894: 6884: 6878: 6864: 6858: 6848: 6842: 6832: 6826: 6816: 6810: 6799: 6793: 6782: 6776: 6765: 6759: 6749: 6743: 6734:Smyrna: Lucian, 6732: 6726: 6715: 6709: 6702: 6696: 6685: 6679: 6672: 6666: 6656: 6650: 6639: 6633: 6622: 6616: 6605: 6599: 6584: 6578: 6568: 6562: 6552: 6546: 6536: 6530: 6512: 6506: 6505:, (1941), 188ff. 6495: 6489: 6479: 6473: 6462: 6456: 6446: 6440: 6423: 6417: 6410: 6404: 6398: 6389: 6374: 6363: 6353: 6347: 6340: 6331: 6321: 6315: 6308: 6302: 6292: 6286: 6276: 6270: 6264: 6258: 6248: 6242: 6236: 6230: 6223: 6217: 6207: 6201: 6191: 6185: 6175: 6169: 6159: 6153: 6143: 6137: 6127: 6121: 6111: 6105: 6092: 6086: 6076: 6070: 6057: 6051: 6038: 6032: 6015: 6009: 5992: 5986: 5976: 5970: 5956: 5950: 5947:of Roman Britain 5935: 5929: 5915: 5909: 5895: 5889: 5879: 5873: 5862: 5856: 5849: 5843: 5832: 5826: 5815: 5809: 5798: 5792: 5781: 5775: 5765: 5759: 5758:119 (1997): 281. 5744: 5738: 5728: 5722: 5712: 5706: 5687: 5681: 5671: 5665: 5658: 5652: 5642: 5636: 5626: 5620: 5609: 5603: 5596: 5587: 5577: 5571: 5560: 5554: 5544: 5535: 5520: 5514: 5504: 5498: 5488: 5479: 5469: 5463: 5456: 5447: 5429: 5423: 5409: 5403: 5393: 5387: 5384: 5378: 5371: 5356: 5349: 5343: 5329: 5323: 5313: 5307: 5300: 5294: 5280: 5274: 5273: 5265: 5252: 5251: 5231: 5222: 5196:Historia Augusta 5191: 5185: 5184: 5161: 5144: 5133: 5127: 5115: 5109: 5102: 5096: 5093:Second Sophistic 5077: 5071: 5068: 5062: 5059: 5053: 5050: 5044: 5041: 5035: 5032:Historia Augusta 5017: 5011: 4992: 4986: 4978: 4972: 4936: 4930: 4923:Historia Augusta 4919: 4903:Augustan History 4888: 4874: 4852: 4833: 4814: 4812: 4810: 4785: 4782: 4771: 4768: 4762: 4746: 4740: 4737: 4722: 4719: 4713: 4710: 4704: 4701: 4682: 4679: 4666: 4663: 4657: 4654: 4641: 4638: 4632: 4625: 4619: 4612: 4606: 4599: 4593: 4590: 4584: 4581: 4572: 4562: 4551: 4548: 4539: 4536: 4530: 4527: 4518: 4515: 4509: 4506: 4471: 4461: 4455: 4449: 4439: 4433:(3) = 3rd spouse 4430:(2) = 2nd spouse 4427:(1) = 1st spouse 4422: 4421: 4405: 4403: 4397: 4220:Antonia Gordiana 4205:Plautia Servilla 4026:Servilia Ceionia 3969: 3967: 3961: 3944:Cornificia Minor 3715: 3713: 3707: 3684: 3672: 3670: 3664: 3416:L. Aelius Caesar 3405: 3403: 3397: 3388: 2800:Boionia Procilla 2787:Rupilia Faustina 2657: 2647: 2645: 2640: 2631: 2371: 2129: 2119: 2117: 2111: 2095: 2086: 1938: 1936: 1930: 1917: 1893: 1891: 1885: 1761:Sergia Plautilla 1741:Antonia Furnilla 1620: 1619: 1607: 1600: 1593: 1584: 1583: 1559:border when the 1551:Marcomannic Wars 1534:Historia Augusta 1404:, on display at 1365: 1181:ancient Athenian 1087:fleet of Misenum 989:pro lege Manilia 682:praetorian guard 678:Castra Praetoria 670:Pontifex maximus 652:, and the title 493:Marcomannic Wars 489:war with Parthia 432: 425: 418: 399:Followed by 392:Preceded by 389: 388: 283: 282: 269: 257: 256: 182: 181: 160: 158: 40: 28: 27: 13096: 13095: 13091: 13090: 13089: 13087: 13086: 13085: 13076:Roman quaestors 13001: 13000: 12999: 12994: 12981: 12887: 12864: 12764:Macrianus Minor 12693:Maximinus Thrax 12629:Marcus Aurelius 12528: 12527: 12526: 12514: 12373:Ptolemy I Soter 12359: 12326: 12325: 12324: 12312: 12279: 12251: 12211: 12193: 12173:Psammetichus IV 12143: 12071: 12070: 12069: 12057: 12035: 12026: 12015: 12012:(664 BC–313 AD) 12011: 12010: 11981: 11943: 11920: 11916:Menkheperre Ini 11853: 11776: 11714: 11661: 11660: 11659: 11647: 11584: 11531: 11512:Neferneferuaten 11438: 11437: 11436: 11424: 11423: 11413: 11408: 11407:Pharaohs 11400: 11391: 11380: 11376: 11375: 11346: 11281: 11240: 11167:Sobekhotep VIII 11148: 11080: 10928: 10889:Sewadjkare Hori 10691: 10690: 10689: 10677: 10617: 10591: 10538: 10537: 10536: 10524: 10502: 10493: 10482: 10478: 10477: 10448: 10415: 10375: 10283:Djedkare Shemai 10245: 10244: 10243: 10231: 10169: 10111: 10054: 9990: 9989: 9988: 9976: 9870: 9794: 9793: 9792: 9780: 9685: 9564: 9563: 9562: 9550: 9528: 9519: 9508: 9504: 9503: 9486: 9481: 9451: 9446: 9439: 9383:Gallic emperors 9371: 9059:Constantine VII 8840:Constantine III 8827: 8824: 8813: 8722: 8714: 8653:Valentinian III 8641:Constantius III 8635:Priscus Attalus 8619:Constantine III 8605: 8597: 8487:Valerius Valens 8432: 8424: 8270: 8262: 8221:Didius Julianus 8201:Marcus Aurelius 8118: 8110: 8100: 8066: 8062: 8048: 8046: 8037: 8033: 8023: 8019: 8008:Marcus Aurelius 8004: 8002: 7993: 7989: 7979: 7975: 7963: 7961: 7953: 7949: 7934: 7931:Marcus Aurelius 7923:Marcus Aurelius 7919: 7918:161–169 7917: 7909: 7888: 7882: 7881: 7873: 7866: 7852: 7847: 7846: 7825: 7823: 7816: 7800: 7796: 7777: 7773: 7764: 7760: 7738:Marcus Aurelius 7735: 7731: 7721:Marcus Aurelius 7718: 7714: 7705: 7701: 7691:Marcus Aurelius 7688: 7684: 7675: 7671: 7662: 7658: 7649: 7645: 7628: 7624: 7619: 7615: 7606: 7602: 7590: 7586: 7573: 7569: 7560: 7556: 7547: 7543: 7537:Marcus Aurelius 7528: 7524: 7519: 7515: 7510: 7506: 7500:Marcus Aurelius 7493: 7489: 7483:Marcus Aurelius 7476: 7472: 7463: 7456: 7446:Marcus Aurelius 7443: 7439: 7429:Marcus Aurelius 7426: 7422: 7416:Marcus Aurelius 7413: 7409: 7390: 7386: 7376:Marcus Aurelius 7373: 7369: 7354:(II Adiutrix); 7347: 7343: 7333:Marcus Aurelius 7330: 7326: 7320:Marcus Aurelius 7306: 7302: 7294: 7290: 7277: 7273: 7268: 7264: 7258:Marcus Aurelius 7256:9.5–6; Birley, 7252: 7248: 7242:Marcus Aurelius 7236: 7232: 7226:Marcus Aurelius 7220: 7216: 7210:Marcus Aurelius 7200: 7196: 7190:Marcus Aurelius 7187: 7178: 7172:Marcus Aurelius 7169: 7165: 7141: 7137: 7130: 7114: 7110: 7097: 7093: 7087:Marcus Aurelius 7084: 7077: 7067:Marcus Aurelius 7064: 7060: 7054:Marcus Aurelius 7048: 7044: 7038:Marcus Aurelius 7032: 7028: 7022:Marcus Aurelius 7016: 7012: 7006:Marcus Aurelius 7000: 6996: 6991: 6987: 6982: 6978: 6965: 6958: 6949: 6945: 6939:Marcus Aurelius 6933: 6929: 6923:Marcus Aurelius 6917: 6913: 6907:Marcus Aurelius 6905:6.3–4; Birley, 6901: 6897: 6891:Marcus Aurelius 6885: 6881: 6875:Marcus Aurelius 6865: 6861: 6855:Marcus Aurelius 6849: 6845: 6839:Marcus Aurelius 6833: 6829: 6823:Marcus Aurelius 6817: 6813: 6807:Marcus Aurelius 6800: 6796: 6790:Marcus Aurelius 6783: 6779: 6773:Marcus Aurelius 6766: 6762: 6756:Marcus Aurelius 6750: 6746: 6740:Marcus Aurelius 6733: 6729: 6716: 6712: 6706:Marcus Aurelius 6703: 6699: 6693:Marcus Aurelius 6686: 6682: 6676:Marcus Aurelius 6673: 6669: 6663:Marcus Aurelius 6657: 6653: 6640: 6636: 6623: 6619: 6609:Marcus Aurelius 6606: 6602: 6588:Marcus Aurelius 6585: 6581: 6575:Marcus Aurelius 6569: 6565: 6559:Marcus Aurelius 6553: 6549: 6543:Marcus Aurelius 6537: 6533: 6527:Marcus Aurelius 6523:Marcus Aurelius 6513: 6509: 6499:Marcus Aurelius 6496: 6492: 6486:Marcus Aurelius 6480: 6476: 6466:Marcus Aurelius 6463: 6459: 6453:Marcus Aurelius 6447: 6443: 6437:Marcus Aurelius 6424: 6420: 6411: 6407: 6399: 6392: 6378:Marcus Aurelius 6375: 6366: 6360:Marcus Aurelius 6354: 6350: 6344:Marcus Aurelius 6341: 6334: 6328:Marcus Aurelius 6322: 6318: 6312:Marcus Aurelius 6309: 6305: 6299:Marcus Aurelius 6293: 6289: 6283:Marcus Aurelius 6277: 6273: 6265: 6261: 6255:Marcus Aurelius 6249: 6245: 6237: 6233: 6227:Marcus Aurelius 6224: 6220: 6214:Marcus Aurelius 6208: 6204: 6198:Marcus Aurelius 6192: 6188: 6182:Marcus Aurelius 6176: 6172: 6166:Marcus Aurelius 6160: 6156: 6150:Marcus Aurelius 6144: 6140: 6134:Marcus Aurelius 6128: 6124: 6118:Marcus Aurelius 6112: 6108: 6102:Marcus Aurelius 6093: 6089: 6083:Marcus Aurelius 6081:12.13; Birley, 6077: 6073: 6067:Marcus Aurelius 6058: 6054: 6048:Marcus Aurelius 6039: 6035: 6029:Marcus Aurelius 6016: 6012: 6006:Marcus Aurelius 5993: 5989: 5983:Marcus Aurelius 5977: 5973: 5963:Marcus Aurelius 5957: 5953: 5939:Marcus Aurelius 5936: 5932: 5922:Marcus Aurelius 5916: 5912: 5908:, 103–104, 122. 5906:Marcus Aurelius 5896: 5892: 5886:Marcus Aurelius 5880: 5876: 5870:Marcus Aurelius 5863: 5859: 5853:Marcus Aurelius 5850: 5846: 5840:Marcus Aurelius 5833: 5829: 5823:Marcus Aurelius 5816: 5812: 5802:Marcus Aurelius 5799: 5795: 5789:Marcus Aurelius 5782: 5778: 5772:Marcus Aurelius 5766: 5762: 5752:Marcus Aurelius 5745: 5741: 5735:Marcus Aurelius 5729: 5725: 5719:Marcus Aurelius 5713: 5709: 5703:Marcus Aurelius 5688: 5684: 5678:Marcus Aurelius 5676:8.4–5; Birley, 5672: 5668: 5659: 5655: 5649:Marcus Aurelius 5647:8.3–4; Birley, 5643: 5639: 5633:Marcus Aurelius 5627: 5623: 5613:Marcus Aurelius 5610: 5606: 5600:Marcus Aurelius 5597: 5590: 5584:Marcus Aurelius 5578: 5574: 5564:Marcus Aurelius 5561: 5557: 5551:Marcus Aurelius 5545: 5538: 5524:Marcus Aurelius 5521: 5517: 5511:Marcus Aurelius 5505: 5501: 5495:Marcus Aurelius 5489: 5482: 5478:, 118, 278 n.6. 5476:Marcus Aurelius 5470: 5466: 5460:Marcus Aurelius 5457: 5450: 5440:Marcus Aurelius 5430: 5426: 5420:Marcus Aurelius 5410: 5406: 5402:, 117, 278 n.4. 5400:Marcus Aurelius 5394: 5390: 5385: 5381: 5375:Marcus Aurelius 5372: 5359: 5353:Marcus Aurelius 5350: 5346: 5340:Marcus Aurelius 5330: 5326: 5320:Marcus Aurelius 5314: 5310: 5306:", Book 1, 1.16 5301: 5297: 5291:Marcus Aurelius 5289:2.3–4; Birley, 5281: 5277: 5266: 5255: 5248: 5232: 5225: 5192: 5188: 5181: 5162: 5158: 5153: 5148: 5147: 5134: 5130: 5116: 5112: 5103: 5099: 5078: 5074: 5069: 5065: 5060: 5056: 5051: 5047: 5042: 5038: 5018: 5014: 4993: 4989: 4979: 4975: 4959:do so as well; 4937: 4933: 4920: 4916: 4911: 4899: 4871: 4857:Levick, Barbara 4849: 4830: 4808: 4806: 4788: 4783: 4774: 4769: 4765: 4747: 4743: 4738: 4725: 4720: 4716: 4711: 4707: 4702: 4685: 4680: 4669: 4664: 4660: 4655: 4644: 4639: 4635: 4626: 4622: 4613: 4609: 4600: 4596: 4591: 4587: 4582: 4575: 4563: 4554: 4549: 4542: 4537: 4533: 4528: 4521: 4516: 4512: 4507: 4503: 4469: 4463: 4459: 4457: 4453: 4451: 4447: 4445: 4437: 4400: 4398: 4393: 3964: 3962: 3957: 3745:Ceionia Plautia 3710: 3708: 3703: 3698:Aurelia Fadilla 3680: 3667: 3665: 3662:Marcus Aurelius 3660: 3400: 3398: 3393: 3384: 3355:M. Annius Verus 2781:M. Annius Verus 2653: 2642: 2636: 2627: 2369:Salonia Matidia 2367: 2125: 2114: 2112: 2107: 2091: 2084: 1933: 1931: 1926: 1913: 1900:Marcia Furnilla 1888: 1886: 1881: 1614: 1611: 1582: 1566:Antonine Plague 1553: 1547: 1513: 1441:Seleucid Empire 1391: 1363: 1300: 1189:Vatican Museums 1157: 1045:Marcus Aurelius 1037: 997:Mithridatic War 959:from Troesmis. 921: 829: 812: 806: 800: 738: 726:Divus Antoninus 633: 617: 611: 552:Ceionia Plautia 513: 482:Marcus Aurelius 451:Marcus Aurelius 436: 400: 395:Flavian dynasty 393: 378: 337:Marcus Aurelius 241: 175: 174:Lucilla Plautia 173: 172:Aurelia Lucilla 162: 154: 150: 137: 121: 104: 103:15 December 130 102: 89:Marcus Aurelius 80:Marcus Aurelius 46: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 13094: 13084: 13083: 13081:Roman pharaohs 13078: 13073: 13068: 13063: 13058: 13053: 13048: 13043: 13038: 13033: 13028: 13023: 13018: 13013: 12996: 12995: 12990: 12987: 12986: 12983: 12982: 12980: 12979: 12974: 12969: 12964: 12959: 12954: 12949: 12944: 12939: 12934: 12929: 12924: 12919: 12914: 12909: 12904: 12901: 12898: 12892: 12889: 12888: 12878: 12877: 12874: 12873: 12870: 12869: 12866: 12865: 12863: 12862: 12860:Maximinus Daza 12857: 12852: 12847: 12842: 12835: 12828: 12821: 12816: 12809: 12802: 12795: 12788: 12781: 12774: 12767: 12760: 12755: 12748: 12741: 12736: 12731: 12724: 12717: 12710: 12703: 12696: 12689: 12682: 12675: 12670: 12665: 12660: 12655: 12650: 12643: 12636: 12631: 12626: 12621: 12619:Antoninus Pius 12616: 12611: 12606: 12601: 12596: 12591: 12586: 12579: 12574: 12569: 12564: 12559: 12554: 12549: 12543: 12541: 12532: 12529:(30 BC–313 AD) 12520: 12519: 12516: 12515: 12513: 12512: 12507: 12502: 12497: 12492: 12487: 12480: 12475: 12470: 12465: 12460: 12455: 12450: 12445: 12440: 12435: 12430: 12425: 12420: 12415: 12410: 12405: 12400: 12395: 12390: 12385: 12380: 12375: 12369: 12367: 12361: 12360: 12358: 12357: 12352: 12347: 12341: 12339: 12330: 12318: 12317: 12314: 12313: 12311: 12310: 12305: 12300: 12295: 12293:Artaxerxes III 12289: 12287: 12281: 12280: 12278: 12277: 12272: 12267: 12261: 12259: 12253: 12252: 12250: 12249: 12242: 12237: 12232: 12227: 12221: 12219: 12213: 12212: 12210: 12209: 12203: 12201: 12195: 12194: 12192: 12191: 12186: 12181: 12176: 12169: 12164: 12162:Petubastis III 12159: 12153: 12151: 12145: 12144: 12142: 12141: 12136: 12131: 12126: 12121: 12116: 12111: 12106: 12099: 12094: 12086: 12084: 12075: 12063: 12062: 12059: 12058: 12056: 12055: 12050: 12049: 12048: 12045: 12038: 12036: 12033: 12027: 12024: 12017: 12016: 11995: 11994: 11991: 11990: 11987: 11986: 11983: 11982: 11980: 11979: 11974: 11969: 11964: 11959: 11953: 11951: 11945: 11944: 11942: 11941: 11936: 11930: 11928: 11922: 11921: 11919: 11918: 11913: 11906: 11901: 11896: 11891: 11886: 11879: 11874: 11869: 11863: 11861: 11855: 11854: 11852: 11851: 11846: 11839: 11834: 11829: 11824: 11819: 11814: 11809: 11802: 11797: 11792: 11786: 11784: 11778: 11777: 11775: 11774: 11767: 11762: 11757: 11752: 11747: 11742: 11737: 11730: 11724: 11722: 11716: 11715: 11713: 11712: 11707: 11702: 11697: 11692: 11687: 11682: 11676: 11674: 11665: 11657:3 Intermediate 11653: 11652: 11649: 11648: 11646: 11645: 11640: 11635: 11630: 11625: 11620: 11615: 11610: 11605: 11600: 11594: 11592: 11586: 11585: 11583: 11582: 11577: 11572: 11567: 11562: 11557: 11552: 11547: 11541: 11539: 11533: 11532: 11530: 11529: 11524: 11519: 11514: 11509: 11504: 11499: 11494: 11489: 11484: 11479: 11474: 11469: 11464: 11459: 11453: 11451: 11442: 11439:(1550–1070 BC) 11430: 11429: 11426: 11425: 11422: 11421: 11416: 11411: 11404: 11403: 11401: 11398: 11392: 11389: 11382: 11381: 11360: 11359: 11356: 11355: 11352: 11351: 11348: 11347: 11345: 11344: 11339: 11334: 11329: 11324: 11319: 11314: 11309: 11304: 11297: 11291: 11289: 11283: 11282: 11280: 11279: 11272: 11265: 11258: 11250: 11248: 11242: 11241: 11239: 11238: 11231: 11224: 11219: 11214: 11209: 11204: 11199: 11194: 11189: 11184: 11179: 11174: 11172:Neferhotep III 11169: 11164: 11158: 11156: 11150: 11149: 11147: 11146: 11141: 11136: 11129: 11124: 11119: 11112: 11105: 11098: 11090: 11088: 11082: 11081: 11079: 11078: 11071: 11064: 11057: 11050: 11043: 11036: 11029: 11024: 11019: 11014: 11009: 11004: 11002:Sewadjkare III 10999: 10994: 10989: 10984: 10979: 10974: 10971:Maaibre Sheshi 10967: 10964:'Ammu Ahotepre 10960: 10953: 10946: 10938: 10936: 10930: 10929: 10927: 10926: 10921: 10916: 10911: 10906: 10901: 10896: 10891: 10886: 10881: 10876: 10874:Merhotepre Ini 10871: 10866: 10861: 10856: 10851: 10846: 10841: 10836: 10834:Sobekhotep III 10831: 10826: 10821: 10816: 10811: 10804: 10799: 10794: 10789: 10784: 10779: 10774: 10769: 10764: 10759: 10754: 10749: 10744: 10739: 10734: 10729: 10724: 10719: 10714: 10706: 10704: 10695: 10692:(1802–1550 BC) 10687:2 Intermediate 10683: 10682: 10679: 10678: 10676: 10675: 10668: 10663: 10658: 10653: 10648: 10643: 10638: 10633: 10627: 10625: 10619: 10618: 10616: 10615: 10610: 10605: 10599: 10597: 10593: 10592: 10590: 10589: 10584: 10582:Mentuhotep III 10579: 10574: 10569: 10564: 10559: 10553: 10551: 10542: 10539:(2040–1802 BC) 10534:Middle Kingdom 10530: 10529: 10526: 10525: 10523: 10522: 10517: 10516: 10515: 10512: 10505: 10503: 10500: 10494: 10491: 10484: 10483: 10471:Middle Kingdom 10462: 10461: 10458: 10457: 10454: 10453: 10450: 10449: 10447: 10446: 10441: 10436: 10434:Neferkare VIII 10431: 10425: 10423: 10417: 10416: 10414: 10413: 10406: 10401: 10399:Nebkaure Khety 10396: 10391: 10389:Meryibre Khety 10385: 10383: 10377: 10376: 10374: 10373: 10366: 10359: 10352: 10345: 10340: 10335: 10330: 10325: 10323:Neferkamin Anu 10320: 10315: 10310: 10305: 10300: 10295: 10290: 10285: 10280: 10275: 10270: 10264: 10262: 10249: 10246:(2181–2040 BC) 10241:1 Intermediate 10237: 10236: 10233: 10232: 10230: 10229: 10222: 10215: 10210: 10205: 10200: 10195: 10190: 10185: 10179: 10177: 10171: 10170: 10168: 10167: 10162: 10160:Djedkare Isesi 10157: 10155:Menkauhor Kaiu 10152: 10147: 10142: 10137: 10132: 10127: 10121: 10119: 10113: 10112: 10110: 10109: 10102: 10097: 10092: 10085: 10080: 10075: 10070: 10064: 10062: 10056: 10055: 10053: 10052: 10047: 10040: 10033: 10028: 10021: 10016: 10011: 10005: 10003: 9994: 9991:(2686–2181 BC) 9982: 9981: 9978: 9977: 9975: 9974: 9969: 9962: 9955: 9948: 9943: 9938: 9931: 9924: 9917: 9910: 9903: 9896: 9891: 9886: 9880: 9878: 9872: 9871: 9869: 9868: 9861: 9854: 9849: 9844: 9839: 9834: 9829: 9824: 9819: 9809: 9807: 9798: 9795:(3150–2686 BC) 9790:Early Dynastic 9786: 9785: 9782: 9781: 9779: 9778: 9769: 9762: 9757: 9752: 9745: 9738: 9731: 9724: 9717: 9710: 9703: 9695: 9693: 9687: 9686: 9684: 9683: 9676: 9671: 9664: 9657: 9650: 9643: 9636: 9629: 9622: 9615: 9608: 9601: 9594: 9587: 9579: 9577: 9568: 9556: 9555: 9552: 9551: 9549: 9548: 9543: 9542: 9541: 9538: 9531: 9529: 9526: 9520: 9517: 9510: 9509: 9488: 9487: 9480: 9479: 9472: 9465: 9457: 9448: 9447: 9444: 9441: 9440: 9438: 9437: 9436: 9435: 9430: 9420: 9415: 9410: 9404: 9398: 9392: 9386: 9379: 9377: 9373: 9372: 9370: 9369: 9364: 9359: 9354: 9342: 9337: 9325: 9320: 9315: 9310: 9305: 9300: 9295: 9290: 9285: 9273: 9268: 9263: 9258: 9253: 9241: 9236: 9231: 9219: 9207: 9202: 9178: 9160: 9155: 9150: 9145: 9140: 9138:Theodora (III) 9135: 9130: 9125: 9120: 9115: 9110: 9105: 9100: 9095: 9090: 9085: 9061: 9056: 9051: 9046: 9034: 9029: 9017: 9005: 9000: 8988: 8970: 8965: 8960: 8955: 8953:Constantine VI 8950: 8945: 8929: 8924: 8919: 8917:Theodosius III 8914: 8909: 8904: 8892: 8887: 8882: 8877: 8862:Constantine IV 8859: 8854: 8842: 8837: 8831: 8829: 8819: 8818: 8815: 8814: 8812: 8811: 8806: 8794: 8789: 8784: 8779: 8774: 8769: 8757: 8752: 8747: 8742: 8737: 8732: 8726: 8724: 8720:Eastern Empire 8716: 8715: 8713: 8712: 8705: 8700: 8693: 8686: 8681: 8674: 8669: 8662: 8655: 8650: 8643: 8638: 8631: 8615: 8609: 8607: 8603:Western Empire 8596: 8595: 8588: 8576:Magnus Maximus 8572: 8570:Valentinian II 8567: 8562: 8557: 8550: 8545: 8540: 8535: 8530: 8523: 8516: 8509: 8504: 8502:Constantius II 8499: 8497:Constantine II 8494: 8489: 8484: 8479: 8474: 8467: 8462: 8457: 8452: 8447: 8442: 8436: 8434: 8426: 8425: 8423: 8422: 8417: 8412: 8407: 8402: 8397: 8392: 8387: 8382: 8377: 8365: 8360: 8352: 8347: 8329: 8317: 8305: 8300: 8295: 8290: 8285: 8280: 8274: 8272: 8264: 8263: 8261: 8260: 8255: 8250: 8238: 8233: 8228: 8223: 8218: 8213: 8208: 8203: 8198: 8196:Antoninus Pius 8193: 8188: 8183: 8178: 8173: 8168: 8163: 8158: 8153: 8148: 8143: 8138: 8133: 8128: 8122: 8120: 8119:27 BC – AD 235 8112: 8111: 8099: 8098: 8091: 8084: 8076: 8068: 8067: 8058: 8055: 8038: 8029: 8025: 8024: 8015: 8012: 7994: 7985: 7981: 7980: 7973: 7970: 7954: 7945: 7941: 7940: 7936: 7935: 7929: 7926: 7910: 7907:Antoninus Pius 7905: 7901: 7900: 7899:Regnal titles 7896: 7895: 7874: 7867: 7864: 7859: 7858: 7851: 7850:External links 7848: 7845: 7844: 7814: 7794: 7771: 7758: 7740:, 130, citing 7729: 7723:, 130, citing 7712: 7699: 7693:, 130, citing 7682: 7669: 7656: 7643: 7622: 7613: 7600: 7584: 7567: 7554: 7541: 7522: 7513: 7504: 7487: 7470: 7454: 7437: 7420: 7407: 7384: 7367: 7341: 7324: 7300: 7288: 7271: 7262: 7246: 7230: 7214: 7194: 7176: 7163: 7135: 7129:978-0691150130 7128: 7108: 7091: 7075: 7069:, 130; citing 7058: 7042: 7026: 7010: 6994: 6985: 6976: 6956: 6943: 6927: 6911: 6895: 6879: 6859: 6843: 6827: 6811: 6803:Pro Imaginibus 6794: 6777: 6760: 6744: 6727: 6710: 6697: 6680: 6667: 6651: 6634: 6617: 6600: 6590:, 126, citing 6579: 6563: 6547: 6541:8.11; Birley, 6531: 6507: 6490: 6474: 6468:, 125, citing 6457: 6441: 6418: 6416:43 (1981): 47. 6405: 6390: 6364: 6348: 6332: 6316: 6303: 6287: 6271: 6259: 6243: 6231: 6218: 6202: 6186: 6170: 6154: 6138: 6122: 6106: 6087: 6071: 6052: 6033: 6010: 5987: 5971: 5951: 5949:(1981), 123ff. 5930: 5910: 5890: 5874: 5857: 5844: 5827: 5810: 5793: 5776: 5760: 5739: 5733:12.7; Birley, 5723: 5707: 5682: 5666: 5653: 5637: 5621: 5615:, 120, citing 5604: 5588: 5572: 5566:, 120, citing 5555: 5536: 5534:(1979), 146ff. 5526:, 118, citing 5515: 5499: 5480: 5464: 5448: 5424: 5404: 5388: 5379: 5357: 5344: 5324: 5308: 5295: 5275: 5253: 5246: 5223: 5186: 5179: 5155: 5154: 5152: 5149: 5146: 5145: 5128: 5110: 5097: 5072: 5070:Or "Pantheia". 5063: 5054: 5045: 5036: 5012: 5004:Hadrian's Wall 4987: 4973: 4953:Gaius Caligula 4931: 4913: 4912: 4910: 4907: 4906: 4905: 4898: 4895: 4892: 4891: 4890: 4889: 4881:, ed. (1870). 4879:Smith, William 4875: 4869: 4853: 4847: 4834: 4828: 4815: 4790: 4789: 4787: 4786: 4772: 4763: 4741: 4723: 4714: 4705: 4683: 4667: 4658: 4642: 4633: 4620: 4618:, pp. 319–322. 4614:Smith (1870), 4607: 4601:Smith (1870), 4594: 4585: 4573: 4552: 4540: 4531: 4519: 4510: 4500: 4491: 4490: 4487: 4486: 4485: 4484: 4467: 4464: 4458: 4452: 4446: 4436: 4434: 4431: 4428: 4418: 4417: 4414: 4413: 4411: 4408: 4407: 4404: 238–244 4391: 4389: 4387: 4382: 4380: 4378: 4376: 4374: 4372: 4370: 4368: 4366: 4364: 4362: 4360: 4358: 4356: 4354: 4352: 4350: 4348: 4346: 4344: 4342: 4340: 4338: 4336: 4334: 4332: 4330: 4328: 4325: 4324: 4322: 4319: 4318: 4316: 4314: 4312: 4310: 4308: 4306: 4304: 4302: 4300: 4298: 4296: 4294: 4292: 4290: 4288: 4286: 4284: 4282: 4280: 4278: 4276: 4274: 4272: 4270: 4268: 4266: 4264: 4262: 4260: 4258: 4256: 4254: 4252: 4250: 4248: 4246: 4244: 4241: 4240: 4238: 4236: 4234: 4231: 4230: 4224: 4222: 4217: 4215: 4210: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4190: 4188: 4186:Aurelia Sabina 4183: 4181: 4178: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4168: 4167: 4165: 4163: 4161: 4159: 4157: 4155: 4153: 4151: 4149: 4147: 4145: 4143: 4141: 4139: 4137: 4134: 4133: 4131: 4129: 4127: 4125: 4123: 4121: 4119: 4117: 4115: 4113: 4111: 4109: 4107: 4105: 4103: 4101: 4099: 4097: 4095: 4093: 4091: 4089: 4087: 4085: 4083: 4081: 4079: 4077: 4075: 4073: 4071: 4069: 4067: 4065: 4063: 4061: 4059: 4057: 4055: 4053: 4051: 4048: 4047: 4045: 4043: 4041: 4039: 4037: 4035: 4033: 4031: 4028: 4027: 4024: 4022: 4019: 4017: 4012: 4010: 4008: 4006: 4004: 3999: 3997: 3991: 3989: 3984: 3982: 3980: 3975: 3973: 3971: 3968: 177–192 3955: 3953: 3948: 3946: 3940: 3939: 3937: 3935: 3933: 3931: 3929: 3927: 3925: 3923: 3921: 3919: 3917: 3915: 3913: 3911: 3909: 3907: 3905: 3903: 3901: 3899: 3897: 3895: 3893: 3891: 3889: 3887: 3885: 3883: 3881: 3879: 3877: 3875: 3873: 3871: 3869: 3866: 3865: 3863: 3861: 3859: 3857: 3855: 3853: 3851: 3849: 3847: 3845: 3843: 3841: 3839: 3837: 3835: 3833: 3831: 3829: 3827: 3825: 3823: 3821: 3819: 3817: 3815: 3813: 3811: 3809: 3807: 3805: 3803: 3801: 3799: 3797: 3795: 3793: 3791: 3789: 3787: 3785: 3783: 3781: 3779: 3777: 3775: 3773: 3771: 3768: 3767: 3765: 3763: 3761: 3759: 3757: 3755: 3753: 3751: 3748: 3747: 3742: 3740: 3735: 3733: 3728: 3726: 3721: 3719: 3717: 3714: 161–169 3701: 3699: 3696: 3694: 3692: 3687: 3685: 3682:Faustina Minor 3678: 3676: 3674: 3671: 161–180 3658: 3656: 3650: 3649: 3647: 3645: 3643: 3641: 3639: 3637: 3635: 3633: 3631: 3629: 3627: 3625: 3623: 3621: 3619: 3617: 3615: 3613: 3611: 3609: 3607: 3605: 3603: 3601: 3599: 3597: 3595: 3593: 3591: 3589: 3587: 3585: 3583: 3581: 3579: 3577: 3575: 3573: 3571: 3569: 3567: 3565: 3563: 3561: 3558: 3557: 3555: 3553: 3551: 3549: 3547: 3545: 3543: 3541: 3539: 3537: 3535: 3533: 3531: 3529: 3527: 3525: 3523: 3521: 3519: 3517: 3515: 3513: 3511: 3509: 3507: 3505: 3503: 3501: 3499: 3497: 3495: 3493: 3491: 3489: 3487: 3485: 3483: 3481: 3479: 3477: 3475: 3473: 3471: 3469: 3467: 3465: 3463: 3461: 3458: 3457: 3455: 3453: 3451: 3449: 3447: 3445: 3443: 3441: 3439: 3437: 3434: 3433: 3428: 3426: 3424: 3422: 3420: 3418: 3413: 3411: 3409: 3407: 3404: 138–161 3395:Antoninus Pius 3391: 3389: 3382: 3380: 3378:M. Annius Libo 3375: 3373: 3370: 3368: 3366: 3364: 3359: 3357: 3351: 3350: 3348: 3346: 3344: 3342: 3340: 3338: 3336: 3334: 3332: 3330: 3328: 3326: 3324: 3322: 3320: 3318: 3316: 3314: 3312: 3310: 3308: 3306: 3304: 3302: 3299: 3298: 3296: 3294: 3292: 3290: 3288: 3286: 3284: 3282: 3280: 3278: 3276: 3274: 3272: 3270: 3268: 3266: 3264: 3262: 3260: 3258: 3256: 3254: 3252: 3250: 3248: 3246: 3244: 3242: 3240: 3238: 3236: 3234: 3232: 3230: 3228: 3226: 3224: 3222: 3220: 3218: 3216: 3214: 3212: 3210: 3208: 3206: 3203: 3202: 3200: 3198: 3196: 3194: 3192: 3190: 3188: 3185: 3184: 3179: 3177: 3172: 3170: 3165: 3163: 3160: 3158: 3156: 3154: 3152: 3150: 3148: 3146: 3144: 3142: 3140: 3138: 3136: 3134: 3132: 3130: 3128: 3126: 3124: 3122: 3117: 3115: 3113: 3111: 3109: 3107: 3105: 3103: 3101: 3098: 3097: 3095: 3093: 3091: 3089: 3087: 3085: 3083: 3081: 3079: 3077: 3075: 3073: 3071: 3069: 3067: 3065: 3063: 3061: 3058: 3057: 3055: 3053: 3051: 3049: 3047: 3045: 3043: 3041: 3039: 3037: 3035: 3033: 3031: 3029: 3027: 3025: 3023: 3021: 3016: 3014: 3012: 3009: 3007: 3006:Arria Antonina 3004: 3002: 3000: 2998: 2996: 2994: 2991: 2989: 2987: 2985: 2983: 2980: 2979: 2977: 2975: 2973: 2971: 2969: 2967: 2965: 2963: 2961: 2959: 2957: 2955: 2953: 2951: 2948: 2947: 2944: 2942: 2939: 2937: 2934: 2932: 2930: 2928: 2926: 2924: 2922: 2920: 2918: 2916: 2914: 2912: 2910: 2908: 2906: 2904: 2902: 2900: 2898: 2896: 2894: 2892: 2890: 2888: 2886: 2884: 2882: 2880: 2878: 2876: 2874: 2872: 2870: 2867: 2866: 2864: 2862: 2860: 2858: 2856: 2854: 2851: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2844: 2842: 2840: 2838: 2836: 2834: 2832: 2830: 2828: 2826: 2824: 2822: 2820: 2818: 2816: 2814: 2812: 2810: 2808: 2803: 2801: 2798: 2796: 2794: 2792: 2790: 2788: 2785: 2783: 2777: 2776: 2774: 2772: 2770: 2768: 2766: 2764: 2761: 2760: 2755: 2753: 2750: 2748: 2746: 2744: 2742: 2740: 2738: 2736: 2734: 2732: 2730: 2728: 2726: 2724: 2722: 2720: 2718: 2716: 2714: 2712: 2710: 2708: 2706: 2704: 2702: 2700: 2698: 2696: 2694: 2692: 2690: 2688: 2686: 2683: 2682: 2680: 2677: 2676: 2674: 2672: 2670: 2668: 2666: 2664: 2662: 2660: 2658: 2651: 2649: 2646: 117–138 2634: 2632: 2625: 2623: 2621: 2619: 2617: 2615: 2613: 2611: 2609: 2607: 2605: 2603: 2601: 2599: 2594: 2592: 2589: 2588: 2586: 2584: 2582: 2580: 2578: 2576: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2568: 2563: 2561: 2556: 2554: 2552: 2550: 2548: 2546: 2544: 2542: 2540: 2538: 2536: 2534: 2532: 2530: 2528: 2526: 2524: 2522: 2520: 2518: 2516: 2514: 2512: 2510: 2508: 2506: 2504: 2502: 2500: 2498: 2496: 2494: 2492: 2490: 2488: 2486: 2484: 2482: 2480: 2477: 2476: 2474: 2472: 2470: 2468: 2466: 2464: 2462: 2460: 2458: 2456: 2454: 2452: 2450: 2448: 2446: 2444: 2442: 2440: 2438: 2436: 2434: 2432: 2429: 2428: 2426: 2424: 2422: 2420: 2418: 2416: 2414: 2412: 2410: 2408: 2406: 2404: 2402: 2400: 2398: 2396: 2394: 2392: 2390: 2388: 2386: 2384: 2382: 2380: 2374: 2372: 2365: 2363: 2361: 2355: 2353: 2351: 2348:Lucius Mindius 2344: 2343: 2341: 2339: 2337: 2335: 2333: 2331: 2329: 2327: 2325: 2323: 2320: 2319: 2317: 2315: 2313: 2311: 2309: 2307: 2305: 2303: 2301: 2299: 2297: 2295: 2293: 2291: 2289: 2287: 2285: 2283: 2281: 2279: 2277: 2275: 2273: 2271: 2269: 2267: 2265: 2263: 2261: 2259: 2257: 2255: 2253: 2251: 2249: 2246: 2245: 2243: 2240: 2239: 2237: 2235: 2233: 2231: 2229: 2227: 2225: 2223: 2221: 2219: 2217: 2215: 2213: 2211: 2209: 2207: 2205: 2203: 2201: 2199: 2197: 2195: 2193: 2191: 2189: 2187: 2185: 2183: 2181: 2179: 2177: 2175: 2173: 2171: 2168: 2167: 2165: 2163: 2161: 2159: 2157: 2155: 2152: 2151: 2146: 2144: 2142:P. Aelius Afer 2139: 2137: 2132: 2130: 2123: 2121: 2105: 2103: 2098: 2096: 2089: 2087: 2082: 2080: 2077: 2076: 2074: 2072: 2070: 2068: 2066: 2064: 2062: 2060: 2058: 2056: 2054: 2052: 2050: 2048: 2045: 2044: 2042: 2040: 2038: 2036: 2034: 2032: 2030: 2028: 2026: 2024: 2022: 2020: 2018: 2016: 2014: 2012: 2010: 2008: 2006: 2004: 2002: 2000: 1998: 1996: 1994: 1992: 1990: 1988: 1986: 1984: 1982: 1980: 1978: 1976: 1973: 1972: 1970: 1968: 1966: 1964: 1962: 1959: 1958: 1953: 1951: 1946: 1944: 1942: 1940: 1924: 1922: 1920: 1918: 1915:Trajanus Pater 1911: 1909: 1904: 1902: 1897: 1895: 1878: 1877: 1875: 1873: 1871: 1869: 1867: 1864: 1863: 1861: 1859: 1857: 1855: 1853: 1851: 1849: 1847: 1845: 1843: 1841: 1839: 1837: 1835: 1833: 1831: 1829: 1827: 1825: 1823: 1821: 1819: 1817: 1815: 1813: 1811: 1809: 1807: 1805: 1803: 1801: 1799: 1797: 1795: 1793: 1791: 1788: 1787: 1785: 1783: 1781: 1778: 1777: 1774: 1772: 1770: 1768: 1766: 1764: 1762: 1759: 1757: 1754: 1752: 1750: 1748: 1746: 1744: 1742: 1739: 1737: 1732: 1730: 1724: 1723: 1721: 1719: 1717: 1715: 1713: 1711: 1709: 1707: 1705: 1703: 1701: 1699: 1697: 1695: 1693: 1691: 1689: 1687: 1685: 1682: 1681: 1679: 1677: 1675: 1673: 1671: 1669: 1667: 1665: 1663: 1661: 1659: 1657: 1655: 1653: 1651: 1649: 1647: 1645: 1643: 1641: 1639: 1637: 1635: 1633: 1631: 1629: 1627: 1625: 1623: 1616: 1615: 1612: 1610: 1609: 1602: 1595: 1587: 1581: 1578: 1546: 1543: 1539:chariot racing 1512: 1509: 1505:Seleucid kings 1390: 1387: 1299: 1296: 1165:William Miller 1156: 1153: 1121:royal progress 1049:British Museum 1036: 1033: 929:Acqua Traversa 920: 917: 847:like himself. 828: 825: 799: 796: 737: 734: 713:Campus Martius 632: 629: 613:Main article: 610: 607: 512: 509: 478:Antoninus Pius 438: 437: 435: 434: 427: 420: 412: 409: 408: 405: 404: 397: 385: 384: 380: 379: 377: 376: 371: 365: 362: 361: 357: 356: 353: 352: 349: 343: 342: 339: 333: 332: 329: 323: 322: 319: 317:Antoninus Pius 313: 312: 309: 303: 302: 299: 293: 292: 289: 279: 278: 274: 273: 262: 261: 253: 252: 247: 243: 242: 240: 239: 236:Antoninus Pius 233: 226: 224: 220: 219: 217:Nerva–Antonine 214: 208: 207: 204: 203: 199: 198: 192: 191: 187: 186: 178: 177: 170: 164: 163: 159: 164) 152: 146: 145: 143: 139: 138: 133: 131: 127: 126: 118: 114: 113: 112:, Roman Empire 99: 95: 94: 91: 90: 87: 83: 82: 77: 73: 72: 70:Antoninus Pius 67: 63: 62: 59: 55: 54: 48: 47: 41: 33: 32: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 13093: 13082: 13079: 13077: 13074: 13072: 13069: 13067: 13064: 13062: 13059: 13057: 13054: 13052: 13049: 13047: 13044: 13042: 13041:Aurelii Fulvi 13039: 13037: 13034: 13032: 13029: 13027: 13024: 13022: 13019: 13017: 13014: 13012: 13009: 13008: 13006: 12993: 12988: 12978: 12975: 12973: 12970: 12968: 12965: 12963: 12960: 12958: 12955: 12953: 12950: 12948: 12945: 12943: 12940: 12938: 12935: 12933: 12930: 12928: 12925: 12923: 12920: 12918: 12915: 12913: 12910: 12908: 12905: 12902: 12899: 12897: 12894: 12893: 12890: 12883: 12879: 12861: 12858: 12856: 12853: 12851: 12848: 12846: 12843: 12841: 12840: 12836: 12834: 12833: 12829: 12827: 12826: 12822: 12820: 12817: 12815: 12814: 12810: 12808: 12807: 12803: 12801: 12800: 12796: 12794: 12793: 12789: 12787: 12786: 12782: 12780: 12779: 12775: 12773: 12772: 12768: 12766: 12765: 12761: 12759: 12756: 12754: 12753: 12749: 12747: 12746: 12742: 12740: 12737: 12735: 12732: 12730: 12729: 12725: 12723: 12722: 12718: 12716: 12715: 12711: 12709: 12708: 12704: 12702: 12701: 12697: 12695: 12694: 12690: 12688: 12687: 12683: 12681: 12680: 12676: 12674: 12671: 12669: 12666: 12664: 12661: 12659: 12656: 12654: 12651: 12649: 12648: 12644: 12642: 12641: 12637: 12635: 12632: 12630: 12627: 12625: 12622: 12620: 12617: 12615: 12612: 12610: 12607: 12605: 12602: 12600: 12597: 12595: 12592: 12590: 12587: 12585: 12584: 12580: 12578: 12575: 12573: 12570: 12568: 12565: 12563: 12560: 12558: 12555: 12553: 12550: 12548: 12545: 12544: 12542: 12540: 12536: 12533: 12525: 12521: 12511: 12508: 12506: 12503: 12501: 12498: 12496: 12493: 12491: 12488: 12486: 12485: 12481: 12479: 12476: 12474: 12471: 12469: 12466: 12464: 12461: 12459: 12456: 12454: 12451: 12449: 12446: 12444: 12441: 12439: 12438:Cleopatra III 12436: 12434: 12431: 12429: 12426: 12424: 12421: 12419: 12416: 12414: 12411: 12409: 12406: 12404: 12401: 12399: 12396: 12394: 12391: 12389: 12386: 12384: 12381: 12379: 12376: 12374: 12371: 12370: 12368: 12366: 12362: 12356: 12353: 12351: 12348: 12346: 12343: 12342: 12340: 12338: 12334: 12331: 12323: 12319: 12309: 12306: 12304: 12301: 12299: 12296: 12294: 12291: 12290: 12288: 12286: 12282: 12276: 12273: 12271: 12268: 12266: 12263: 12262: 12260: 12258: 12254: 12248: 12247: 12243: 12241: 12240:Nepherites II 12238: 12236: 12233: 12231: 12228: 12226: 12223: 12222: 12220: 12218: 12214: 12208: 12205: 12204: 12202: 12200: 12196: 12190: 12187: 12185: 12182: 12180: 12177: 12175: 12174: 12170: 12168: 12165: 12163: 12160: 12158: 12155: 12154: 12152: 12150: 12146: 12140: 12137: 12135: 12132: 12130: 12127: 12125: 12122: 12120: 12117: 12115: 12112: 12110: 12107: 12105: 12104: 12100: 12098: 12095: 12093: 12092: 12088: 12087: 12085: 12083: 12079: 12076: 12068: 12064: 12054: 12051: 12046: 12043: 12042: 12040: 12039: 12037: 12031: 12028: 12022: 12018: 12009: 12005: 12000: 11996: 11978: 11975: 11973: 11970: 11968: 11965: 11963: 11960: 11958: 11955: 11954: 11952: 11950: 11946: 11940: 11937: 11935: 11932: 11931: 11929: 11927: 11923: 11917: 11914: 11912: 11911: 11907: 11905: 11902: 11900: 11897: 11895: 11892: 11890: 11887: 11885: 11884: 11880: 11878: 11875: 11873: 11870: 11868: 11865: 11864: 11862: 11860: 11856: 11850: 11847: 11845: 11844: 11840: 11838: 11835: 11833: 11830: 11828: 11825: 11823: 11820: 11818: 11815: 11813: 11810: 11808: 11807: 11803: 11801: 11798: 11796: 11793: 11791: 11788: 11787: 11785: 11783: 11779: 11773: 11772: 11771:Psusennes III 11768: 11766: 11763: 11761: 11758: 11756: 11753: 11751: 11748: 11746: 11743: 11741: 11738: 11736: 11735: 11731: 11729: 11726: 11725: 11723: 11721: 11717: 11711: 11708: 11706: 11703: 11701: 11698: 11696: 11693: 11691: 11688: 11686: 11683: 11681: 11678: 11677: 11675: 11673: 11669: 11666: 11662:(1069–664 BC) 11658: 11654: 11644: 11641: 11639: 11636: 11634: 11631: 11629: 11628:Ramesses VIII 11626: 11624: 11621: 11619: 11616: 11614: 11611: 11609: 11606: 11604: 11601: 11599: 11596: 11595: 11593: 11591: 11587: 11581: 11578: 11576: 11573: 11571: 11568: 11566: 11563: 11561: 11558: 11556: 11553: 11551: 11548: 11546: 11543: 11542: 11540: 11538: 11534: 11528: 11525: 11523: 11520: 11518: 11515: 11513: 11510: 11508: 11505: 11503: 11500: 11498: 11497:Amenhotep III 11495: 11493: 11490: 11488: 11485: 11483: 11480: 11478: 11475: 11473: 11470: 11468: 11465: 11463: 11460: 11458: 11455: 11454: 11452: 11450: 11446: 11443: 11435: 11431: 11420: 11417: 11412: 11406: 11405: 11402: 11396: 11393: 11387: 11383: 11374: 11370: 11365: 11361: 11343: 11340: 11338: 11337:Seqenenre Tao 11335: 11333: 11330: 11328: 11325: 11323: 11320: 11318: 11315: 11313: 11312:Sobekemsaf II 11310: 11308: 11305: 11303: 11302: 11298: 11296: 11293: 11292: 11290: 11288: 11284: 11278: 11277: 11273: 11271: 11270: 11266: 11264: 11263: 11262:Wepwawetemsaf 11259: 11257: 11256: 11252: 11251: 11249: 11247: 11243: 11237: 11236: 11232: 11230: 11229: 11225: 11223: 11220: 11218: 11215: 11213: 11210: 11208: 11205: 11203: 11200: 11198: 11195: 11193: 11190: 11188: 11185: 11183: 11180: 11178: 11175: 11173: 11170: 11168: 11165: 11163: 11160: 11159: 11157: 11155: 11151: 11145: 11142: 11140: 11137: 11135: 11134: 11130: 11128: 11125: 11123: 11120: 11118: 11117: 11113: 11111: 11110: 11106: 11104: 11103: 11099: 11097: 11096: 11092: 11091: 11089: 11087: 11083: 11077: 11076: 11072: 11070: 11069: 11065: 11063: 11062: 11058: 11056: 11055: 11051: 11049: 11048: 11044: 11042: 11041: 11037: 11035: 11034: 11030: 11028: 11025: 11023: 11020: 11018: 11015: 11013: 11010: 11008: 11005: 11003: 11000: 10998: 10995: 10993: 10990: 10988: 10985: 10983: 10980: 10978: 10975: 10973: 10972: 10968: 10966: 10965: 10961: 10959: 10958: 10954: 10952: 10951: 10947: 10945: 10944: 10940: 10939: 10937: 10935: 10931: 10925: 10922: 10920: 10917: 10915: 10912: 10910: 10907: 10905: 10902: 10900: 10897: 10895: 10892: 10890: 10887: 10885: 10882: 10880: 10877: 10875: 10872: 10870: 10869:Merneferre Ay 10867: 10865: 10864:Wahibre Ibiau 10862: 10860: 10857: 10855: 10852: 10850: 10849:Sobekhotep IV 10847: 10845: 10842: 10840: 10837: 10835: 10832: 10830: 10827: 10825: 10822: 10820: 10817: 10815: 10812: 10810: 10809: 10805: 10803: 10800: 10798: 10795: 10793: 10790: 10788: 10785: 10783: 10780: 10778: 10775: 10773: 10770: 10768: 10765: 10763: 10760: 10758: 10755: 10753: 10750: 10748: 10745: 10743: 10740: 10738: 10735: 10733: 10730: 10728: 10725: 10723: 10720: 10718: 10715: 10713: 10712: 10708: 10707: 10705: 10703: 10699: 10696: 10688: 10684: 10674: 10673: 10669: 10667: 10664: 10662: 10659: 10657: 10656:Amenemhat III 10654: 10652: 10649: 10647: 10644: 10642: 10639: 10637: 10634: 10632: 10629: 10628: 10626: 10624: 10620: 10614: 10611: 10609: 10606: 10604: 10601: 10600: 10598: 10594: 10588: 10587:Mentuhotep IV 10585: 10583: 10580: 10578: 10577:Mentuhotep II 10575: 10573: 10570: 10568: 10565: 10563: 10560: 10558: 10555: 10554: 10552: 10550: 10546: 10543: 10535: 10531: 10521: 10518: 10513: 10510: 10509: 10507: 10506: 10504: 10498: 10495: 10489: 10485: 10476: 10472: 10467: 10463: 10445: 10442: 10440: 10439:Wahkare Khety 10437: 10435: 10432: 10430: 10427: 10426: 10424: 10422: 10418: 10412: 10411: 10407: 10405: 10402: 10400: 10397: 10395: 10394:Neferkare VII 10392: 10390: 10387: 10386: 10384: 10382: 10378: 10372: 10371: 10367: 10365: 10364: 10360: 10358: 10357: 10353: 10351: 10350: 10346: 10344: 10341: 10339: 10336: 10334: 10331: 10329: 10326: 10324: 10321: 10319: 10316: 10314: 10311: 10309: 10306: 10304: 10301: 10299: 10296: 10294: 10291: 10289: 10286: 10284: 10281: 10279: 10276: 10274: 10271: 10269: 10266: 10265: 10263: 10261: 10257: 10253: 10250: 10242: 10238: 10228: 10227: 10223: 10221: 10220: 10216: 10214: 10211: 10209: 10206: 10204: 10201: 10199: 10196: 10194: 10191: 10189: 10186: 10184: 10181: 10180: 10178: 10176: 10172: 10166: 10163: 10161: 10158: 10156: 10153: 10151: 10148: 10146: 10143: 10141: 10138: 10136: 10133: 10131: 10128: 10126: 10123: 10122: 10120: 10118: 10114: 10108: 10107: 10103: 10101: 10098: 10096: 10093: 10091: 10090: 10086: 10084: 10081: 10079: 10076: 10074: 10071: 10069: 10066: 10065: 10063: 10061: 10057: 10051: 10048: 10046: 10045: 10041: 10039: 10038: 10034: 10032: 10029: 10027: 10026: 10022: 10020: 10017: 10015: 10012: 10010: 10007: 10006: 10004: 10002: 9998: 9995: 9987: 9983: 9973: 9970: 9968: 9967: 9963: 9961: 9960: 9956: 9954: 9953: 9949: 9947: 9944: 9942: 9941:Seth-Peribsen 9939: 9937: 9936: 9932: 9930: 9929: 9925: 9923: 9922: 9918: 9916: 9915: 9911: 9909: 9908: 9904: 9902: 9901: 9897: 9895: 9892: 9890: 9887: 9885: 9884:Hotepsekhemwy 9882: 9881: 9879: 9877: 9873: 9867: 9866: 9862: 9860: 9859: 9855: 9853: 9850: 9848: 9845: 9843: 9840: 9838: 9835: 9833: 9830: 9828: 9825: 9823: 9820: 9818: 9814: 9811: 9810: 9808: 9806: 9802: 9799: 9791: 9787: 9777: 9773: 9770: 9768: 9767: 9763: 9761: 9758: 9756: 9753: 9751: 9750: 9746: 9744: 9743: 9739: 9737: 9736: 9732: 9730: 9729: 9725: 9723: 9722: 9718: 9716: 9715: 9711: 9709: 9708: 9704: 9702: 9701: 9697: 9696: 9694: 9692: 9688: 9682: 9681: 9677: 9675: 9674:Double Falcon 9672: 9670: 9669: 9665: 9663: 9662: 9658: 9656: 9655: 9651: 9649: 9648: 9644: 9642: 9641: 9637: 9635: 9634: 9630: 9628: 9627: 9623: 9621: 9620: 9616: 9614: 9613: 9609: 9607: 9606: 9602: 9600: 9599: 9595: 9593: 9592: 9588: 9586: 9585: 9581: 9580: 9578: 9576: 9572: 9569: 9565:(pre-3150 BC) 9561: 9560:Protodynastic 9557: 9547: 9544: 9539: 9536: 9535: 9533: 9532: 9530: 9524: 9521: 9515: 9511: 9502: 9498: 9497:Protodynastic 9493: 9489: 9485: 9478: 9473: 9471: 9466: 9464: 9459: 9458: 9455: 9442: 9434: 9431: 9429: 9426: 9425: 9424: 9421: 9419: 9416: 9414: 9411: 9408: 9405: 9402: 9399: 9396: 9393: 9390: 9387: 9384: 9381: 9380: 9378: 9374: 9368: 9365: 9363: 9360: 9358: 9355: 9352: 9351: 9346: 9343: 9341: 9338: 9335: 9334: 9329: 9326: 9324: 9321: 9319: 9316: 9314: 9311: 9309: 9306: 9304: 9301: 9299: 9296: 9294: 9291: 9289: 9286: 9283: 9282: 9277: 9274: 9272: 9269: 9267: 9264: 9262: 9259: 9257: 9254: 9251: 9250: 9245: 9242: 9240: 9237: 9235: 9232: 9229: 9228: 9223: 9220: 9217: 9216: 9211: 9208: 9206: 9203: 9200: 9199: 9194: 9193: 9188: 9187: 9182: 9179: 9176: 9175: 9170: 9169: 9164: 9161: 9159: 9156: 9154: 9151: 9149: 9146: 9144: 9141: 9139: 9136: 9134: 9131: 9129: 9126: 9124: 9121: 9119: 9116: 9114: 9111: 9109: 9106: 9104: 9101: 9099: 9096: 9094: 9091: 9089: 9086: 9083: 9082: 9077: 9076: 9071: 9070: 9065: 9062: 9060: 9057: 9055: 9052: 9050: 9047: 9044: 9043: 9038: 9035: 9033: 9030: 9027: 9026: 9021: 9020:Theodora (II) 9018: 9015: 9014: 9009: 9006: 9004: 9001: 8998: 8997: 8992: 8989: 8986: 8985: 8980: 8979: 8974: 8971: 8969: 8966: 8964: 8961: 8959: 8956: 8954: 8951: 8949: 8946: 8943: 8942: 8941: 8935: 8934: 8930: 8928: 8927:Constantine V 8925: 8923: 8920: 8918: 8915: 8913: 8912:Anastasius II 8910: 8908: 8905: 8902: 8901: 8896: 8893: 8891: 8888: 8886: 8883: 8881: 8878: 8875: 8874: 8869: 8868: 8863: 8860: 8858: 8855: 8852: 8851: 8846: 8843: 8841: 8838: 8836: 8833: 8832: 8830: 8826: 8820: 8810: 8807: 8804: 8803: 8798: 8795: 8793: 8790: 8788: 8785: 8783: 8780: 8778: 8775: 8773: 8770: 8767: 8766: 8761: 8758: 8756: 8753: 8751: 8748: 8746: 8743: 8741: 8738: 8736: 8735:Theodosius II 8733: 8731: 8728: 8727: 8725: 8721: 8717: 8711: 8710: 8706: 8704: 8701: 8699: 8698: 8694: 8692: 8691: 8687: 8685: 8682: 8680: 8679: 8675: 8673: 8670: 8668: 8667: 8663: 8661: 8660: 8656: 8654: 8651: 8649: 8648: 8644: 8642: 8639: 8637: 8636: 8632: 8629: 8628: 8627: 8621: 8620: 8616: 8614: 8611: 8610: 8608: 8604: 8600: 8594: 8593: 8589: 8586: 8585: 8584: 8578: 8577: 8573: 8571: 8568: 8566: 8563: 8561: 8558: 8556: 8555: 8551: 8549: 8546: 8544: 8543:Valentinian I 8541: 8539: 8536: 8534: 8531: 8529: 8528: 8524: 8522: 8521: 8517: 8515: 8514: 8510: 8508: 8505: 8503: 8500: 8498: 8495: 8493: 8490: 8488: 8485: 8483: 8480: 8478: 8475: 8473: 8472: 8468: 8466: 8465:Constantine I 8463: 8461: 8458: 8456: 8455:Constantius I 8453: 8451: 8448: 8446: 8443: 8441: 8438: 8437: 8435: 8431: 8427: 8421: 8418: 8416: 8413: 8411: 8408: 8406: 8403: 8401: 8398: 8396: 8393: 8391: 8388: 8386: 8383: 8381: 8378: 8375: 8374: 8369: 8366: 8364: 8361: 8358: 8357: 8353: 8351: 8348: 8345: 8344: 8339: 8338: 8333: 8330: 8327: 8326: 8321: 8318: 8315: 8314: 8309: 8306: 8304: 8301: 8299: 8296: 8294: 8291: 8289: 8286: 8284: 8281: 8279: 8276: 8275: 8273: 8269: 8265: 8259: 8256: 8254: 8251: 8248: 8247: 8242: 8239: 8237: 8234: 8232: 8229: 8227: 8224: 8222: 8219: 8217: 8214: 8212: 8209: 8207: 8204: 8202: 8199: 8197: 8194: 8192: 8189: 8187: 8184: 8182: 8179: 8177: 8174: 8172: 8169: 8167: 8164: 8162: 8159: 8157: 8154: 8152: 8149: 8147: 8144: 8142: 8139: 8137: 8134: 8132: 8129: 8127: 8124: 8123: 8121: 8117: 8113: 8108: 8104: 8097: 8092: 8090: 8085: 8083: 8078: 8077: 8074: 8065: 8061: 8054: 8053: 8045: 8043: 8036: 8032: 8026: 8022: 8018: 8011: 8009: 8001: 7999: 7992: 7988: 7982: 7978: 7969: 7968: 7960: 7959: 7952: 7948: 7942: 7937: 7932: 7925: 7924: 7916: 7915: 7914:Roman emperor 7908: 7902: 7897: 7892: 7885: 7880: 7879: 7872: 7871: 7865:Lucius Verus 7862: 7857: 7854: 7853: 7841: 7839: 7835: 7821: 7817: 7811: 7807: 7806: 7798: 7791: 7787: 7783: 7782: 7775: 7768: 7762: 7755: 7751: 7747: 7743: 7739: 7733: 7726: 7722: 7716: 7709: 7703: 7696: 7692: 7686: 7679: 7673: 7666: 7660: 7653: 7647: 7640: 7636: 7632: 7626: 7617: 7610: 7604: 7597: 7593: 7588: 7581: 7577: 7571: 7564: 7558: 7551: 7545: 7538: 7534: 7531: 7526: 7517: 7508: 7501: 7497: 7491: 7484: 7480: 7474: 7467: 7461: 7459: 7451: 7447: 7441: 7434: 7430: 7424: 7417: 7411: 7404: 7400: 7396: 7393: 7388: 7381: 7377: 7371: 7364: 7360: 7357: 7353: 7350: 7345: 7338: 7334: 7328: 7321: 7317: 7313: 7309: 7304: 7297: 7292: 7285: 7281: 7275: 7266: 7259: 7255: 7250: 7243: 7240:9.4; Birley, 7239: 7234: 7227: 7224:7.7; Birley, 7223: 7218: 7211: 7208:9.4; Birley, 7207: 7203: 7198: 7191: 7185: 7183: 7181: 7173: 7167: 7160: 7156: 7152: 7148: 7144: 7139: 7131: 7125: 7121: 7120: 7112: 7105: 7101: 7095: 7088: 7082: 7080: 7072: 7068: 7062: 7055: 7051: 7046: 7039: 7035: 7030: 7023: 7019: 7014: 7007: 7003: 6998: 6989: 6980: 6973: 6969: 6963: 6961: 6953: 6947: 6940: 6936: 6931: 6924: 6920: 6915: 6908: 6904: 6899: 6892: 6889:6.1; Birley, 6888: 6883: 6876: 6872: 6868: 6863: 6856: 6852: 6847: 6840: 6837:4.4; Birley, 6836: 6831: 6824: 6820: 6815: 6808: 6804: 6798: 6791: 6787: 6781: 6774: 6770: 6764: 6757: 6753: 6748: 6741: 6737: 6731: 6724: 6720: 6714: 6707: 6701: 6694: 6691:7.1; Birley, 6690: 6684: 6677: 6671: 6664: 6661:6.9; Birley, 6660: 6655: 6648: 6644: 6638: 6631: 6627: 6621: 6614: 6610: 6604: 6597: 6593: 6589: 6583: 6576: 6573:6.9; Birley, 6572: 6567: 6560: 6556: 6551: 6544: 6540: 6535: 6528: 6524: 6520: 6516: 6511: 6504: 6500: 6494: 6487: 6483: 6478: 6471: 6467: 6461: 6454: 6450: 6445: 6438: 6434: 6430: 6427: 6422: 6415: 6409: 6402: 6397: 6395: 6387: 6383: 6379: 6373: 6371: 6369: 6361: 6357: 6352: 6345: 6339: 6337: 6329: 6326:5.8; Birley, 6325: 6320: 6313: 6307: 6300: 6296: 6291: 6284: 6280: 6275: 6268: 6263: 6256: 6252: 6247: 6240: 6235: 6228: 6222: 6215: 6211: 6206: 6199: 6195: 6190: 6183: 6179: 6174: 6167: 6163: 6158: 6151: 6147: 6142: 6135: 6131: 6126: 6119: 6116:9.2; Birley, 6115: 6110: 6103: 6099: 6096: 6091: 6084: 6080: 6075: 6068: 6064: 6061: 6056: 6049: 6045: 6042: 6037: 6030: 6026: 6022: 6019: 6014: 6007: 6003: 5999: 5996: 5991: 5984: 5981:8.6; Birley, 5980: 5975: 5969:(1985), 65ff. 5968: 5964: 5961:8.8; Birley, 5960: 5955: 5948: 5944: 5940: 5934: 5927: 5923: 5919: 5914: 5907: 5904:7.2; Birley, 5903: 5899: 5894: 5887: 5884:8.7; Birley, 5883: 5878: 5871: 5867: 5861: 5854: 5848: 5841: 5837: 5831: 5824: 5820: 5814: 5807: 5803: 5797: 5790: 5786: 5780: 5773: 5770:8.6; Birley, 5769: 5764: 5757: 5753: 5750:8.6; Birley, 5749: 5743: 5736: 5732: 5727: 5720: 5716: 5711: 5704: 5700: 5696: 5693: 5692: 5686: 5679: 5675: 5670: 5663: 5657: 5650: 5646: 5641: 5634: 5630: 5625: 5618: 5614: 5608: 5601: 5595: 5593: 5585: 5581: 5576: 5569: 5565: 5559: 5552: 5548: 5543: 5541: 5533: 5529: 5525: 5519: 5512: 5509:7.7; Birley, 5508: 5503: 5496: 5492: 5487: 5485: 5477: 5473: 5468: 5461: 5455: 5453: 5445: 5441: 5438:4.3; Birley, 5437: 5433: 5428: 5421: 5418:4.3; Birley, 5417: 5413: 5408: 5401: 5397: 5392: 5383: 5376: 5370: 5368: 5366: 5364: 5362: 5354: 5348: 5341: 5338:7.5; Birley, 5337: 5333: 5328: 5321: 5318:3.8; Birley, 5317: 5312: 5305: 5299: 5292: 5288: 5284: 5279: 5271: 5264: 5262: 5260: 5258: 5249: 5243: 5239: 5238: 5230: 5228: 5220: 5218: 5213: 5209: 5207: 5202: 5198: 5197: 5190: 5182: 5176: 5172: 5171: 5166: 5160: 5156: 5142: 5138: 5132: 5125: 5121: 5114: 5107: 5101: 5094: 5090: 5086: 5082: 5076: 5067: 5058: 5049: 5040: 5033: 5029: 5025: 5021: 5016: 5009: 5005: 5001: 4997: 4991: 4983: 4977: 4970: 4966: 4962: 4958: 4954: 4950: 4949:Lucius Caesar 4946: 4942: 4935: 4928: 4924: 4918: 4914: 4904: 4901: 4900: 4886: 4885: 4880: 4876: 4872: 4866: 4862: 4858: 4854: 4850: 4848:0-670-15708-2 4844: 4840: 4835: 4831: 4829:0-8390-0193-2 4825: 4821: 4816: 4805: 4801: 4797: 4796: 4795: 4792: 4791: 4781: 4779: 4777: 4767: 4760: 4757: 4756: 4751: 4745: 4736: 4734: 4732: 4730: 4728: 4718: 4709: 4700: 4698: 4696: 4694: 4692: 4690: 4688: 4678: 4676: 4674: 4672: 4662: 4653: 4651: 4649: 4647: 4637: 4630: 4624: 4617: 4611: 4604: 4598: 4589: 4580: 4578: 4570: 4566: 4561: 4559: 4557: 4547: 4545: 4535: 4526: 4524: 4514: 4505: 4501: 4499: 4496: 4493: 4492: 4482: 4480: 4476: 4468: 4465: 4443: 4435: 4432: 4429: 4426: 4425: 4424: 4423: 4420: 4419: 4409: 4396: 4386: 4326: 4323: 4320: 4303: 4301: 4299: 4242: 4239: 4237: 4232: 4228: 4221: 4214: 4194: 4187: 4169: 4166: 4156: 4154: 4146: 4144: 4135: 4112: 4086: 4084: 4049: 4046: 4044: 4042: 4040: 4038: 4034: 4032: 4030: 4029: 4016: 4011: 4009: 4005: 4003: 3995: 3988: 3981: 3979: 3960: 3952: 3945: 3941: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3924: 3910: 3908: 3900: 3898: 3894: 3892: 3888: 3886: 3870: 3868: 3867: 3862: 3860: 3858: 3842: 3840: 3838: 3832: 3828: 3826: 3822: 3790: 3788: 3774: 3772: 3769: 3766: 3764: 3762: 3760: 3758: 3754: 3752: 3749: 3746: 3739: 3732: 3725: 3724:Ceionia Fabia 3718: 3706: 3691: 3683: 3663: 3655: 3651: 3648: 3624: 3622: 3614: 3612: 3610: 3604: 3602: 3584: 3582: 3574: 3572: 3570: 3562: 3560: 3559: 3554: 3542: 3540: 3520: 3518: 3514: 3512: 3510: 3480: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3468: 3464: 3462: 3459: 3452: 3450: 3444: 3442: 3438: 3436: 3435: 3432: 3417: 3396: 3387: 3379: 3363: 3356: 3352: 3349: 3341: 3333: 3331: 3303: 3301: 3300: 3273: 3267: 3265: 3247: 3215: 3213: 3209: 3207: 3204: 3201: 3199: 3197: 3195: 3193: 3186: 3183: 3176: 3169: 3149: 3143: 3141: 3121: 3099: 3096: 3088: 3086: 3084: 3080: 3078: 3076: 3074: 3066: 3064: 3059: 3054: 3046: 3044: 3038: 3034: 3032: 3020: 3011:Arria Fadilla 2981: 2978: 2976: 2974: 2960: 2952: 2950: 2949: 2927: 2915: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2903: 2899: 2897: 2868: 2865: 2859: 2857: 2855: 2853: 2852: 2847: 2843: 2841: 2807: 2782: 2778: 2775: 2773: 2771: 2769: 2767: 2762: 2759: 2739: 2733: 2731: 2684: 2678: 2656: 2639: 2630: 2598: 2597:Matidia Minor 2590: 2587: 2585: 2583: 2570: 2567: 2560: 2559:Paulina Minor 2521: 2509: 2507: 2478: 2475: 2455: 2453: 2451: 2449: 2447: 2437: 2435: 2430: 2425: 2417: 2415: 2403: 2401: 2399: 2397: 2393: 2385: 2383: 2378: 2370: 2359: 2349: 2345: 2342: 2330: 2328: 2324: 2322: 2321: 2268: 2252: 2250: 2247: 2244: 2241: 2192: 2190: 2188: 2169: 2166: 2164: 2160: 2158: 2156: 2154: 2153: 2150: 2149:Paulina Major 2143: 2136: 2128: 2118: 98–117 2110: 2102: 2094: 2078: 2075: 2069: 2067: 2065: 2049: 2047: 2046: 2023: 2017: 2015: 2011: 2003: 2001: 1993: 1991: 1974: 1971: 1969: 1967: 1965: 1963: 1961: 1960: 1957: 1950: 1929: 1916: 1908: 1901: 1884: 1879: 1876: 1868: 1866: 1865: 1812: 1808: 1806: 1802: 1800: 1789: 1786: 1784: 1782: 1780: 1779: 1736: 1729: 1725: 1722: 1698: 1696: 1694: 1686: 1684: 1683: 1678: 1654: 1652: 1634: 1626: 1624: 1621: 1618: 1617: 1608: 1603: 1601: 1596: 1594: 1589: 1588: 1586: 1585: 1577: 1575: 1569: 1567: 1562: 1558: 1552: 1542: 1540: 1536: 1535: 1526: 1522: 1517: 1511:Years in Rome 1508: 1506: 1502: 1501: 1496: 1492: 1487: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1471: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1452: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1429: 1427: 1418: 1413: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1386: 1382: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1367: 1361: 1357: 1352: 1350: 1349:Fergus Millar 1346: 1342: 1338: 1329: 1324: 1320: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1295: 1291: 1285: 1280: 1276: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1253: 1249: 1247: 1242: 1239: 1235: 1230: 1228: 1222: 1220: 1215: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1177: 1171:, R.N., 1866) 1170: 1166: 1161: 1152: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1109: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1090: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1074: 1068: 1066: 1062: 1056: 1050: 1046: 1041: 1032: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 985: 983: 982: 976: 972: 967: 965: 960: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 934: 933:Louvre Museum 930: 925: 916: 914: 910: 906: 902: 898: 894: 893:Upper Germany 890: 885: 883: 879: 874: 872: 868: 864: 859: 857: 853: 848: 846: 842: 838: 834: 821: 816: 811: 805: 795: 792: 786: 784: 783:Matidia Minor 780: 774: 771: 766: 763: 758: 756: 747: 742: 733: 731: 727: 723: 722: 716: 714: 710: 705: 703: 699: 695: 691: 687: 683: 679: 674: 672: 671: 666: 665: 659: 657: 656: 651: 647: 646: 640: 638: 625: 621: 616: 606: 604: 600: 596: 593: 588: 584: 582: 578: 574: 573: 568: 563: 561: 557: 553: 549: 548:Ceionia Fabia 545: 542: 538: 534: 525: 517: 508: 506: 502: 498: 494: 490: 485: 483: 479: 475: 471: 467: 462: 460: 456: 452: 448: 447:Roman emperor 444: 433: 428: 426: 421: 419: 414: 413: 411: 410: 403: 398: 396: 391: 390: 387: 386: 382: 381: 375: 372: 370: 367: 366: 364: 363: 359: 358: 351:177–192 350: 348: 345: 344: 341:161–180 340: 338: 335: 334: 331:161–169 330: 328: 325: 324: 321:138–161 320: 318: 315: 314: 311:117–138 310: 308: 305: 304: 300: 298: 295: 294: 290: 288: 285: 284: 281: 280: 276: 275: 267: 264: 263: 259: 258: 251: 248: 244: 237: 234: 231: 230:Lucius Aelius 228: 227: 225: 221: 218: 215: 213: 209: 200: 197: 193: 188: 183: 179: 171: 169: 165: 149: 144: 140: 136: 132: 128: 124: 119: 115: 111: 107: 100: 96: 92: 88: 84: 81: 78: 74: 71: 68: 64: 60: 56: 53: 52:Roman emperor 49: 45: 39: 34: 29: 26: 22: 13011:Lucius Verus 12837: 12830: 12823: 12811: 12804: 12797: 12790: 12783: 12776: 12769: 12762: 12750: 12743: 12726: 12719: 12712: 12705: 12698: 12691: 12684: 12677: 12645: 12638: 12624:Lucius Verus 12623: 12581: 12482: 12458:Berenice III 12448:Cleopatra IV 12423:Cleopatra II 12355:Alexander IV 12275:Nectanebo II 12244: 12225:Nepherites I 12184:Artaxerxes I 12171: 12101: 12089: 12072:(664–332 BC) 12052: 12008:Roman Period 11910:Shoshenq VII 11908: 11881: 11841: 11822:Shoshenq III 11804: 11769: 11732: 11710:Psusennes II 11623:Ramesses VII 11603:Ramesses III 11487:Amenhotep II 11482:Thutmose III 11418: 11307:Sobekemsaf I 11299: 11274: 11267: 11260: 11253: 11233: 11226: 11131: 11114: 11109:'Aper-'Anati 11107: 11100: 11093: 11073: 11066: 11059: 11052: 11045: 11038: 11031: 11017:Sekheperenre 10969: 10962: 10955: 10948: 10941: 10839:Neferhotep I 10829:Seth Meribre 10806: 10792:Djedkheperew 10709: 10670: 10661:Amenemhat IV 10651:Senusret III 10641:Amenemhat II 10557:Mentuhotep I 10519: 10408: 10368: 10361: 10354: 10347: 10273:Neferkare II 10224: 10217: 10150:Nyuserre Ini 10104: 10087: 10042: 10035: 10023: 9964: 9959:Neferkasokar 9957: 9950: 9933: 9926: 9919: 9912: 9905: 9898: 9863: 9856: 9764: 9747: 9740: 9733: 9726: 9719: 9712: 9707:Finger Snail 9705: 9698: 9678: 9666: 9659: 9652: 9645: 9638: 9631: 9624: 9617: 9610: 9603: 9596: 9589: 9582: 9545: 9350:Andronikos V 9348: 9331: 9279: 9247: 9225: 9213: 9196: 9190: 9184: 9172: 9166: 9079: 9073: 9067: 9040: 9023: 9011: 8994: 8982: 8976: 8963:Nikephoros I 8938: 8937: 8931: 8898: 8895:Justinian II 8890:Tiberius III 8880:Justinian II 8871: 8865: 8848: 8800: 8772:Anastasius I 8763: 8707: 8703:Julius Nepos 8695: 8688: 8676: 8664: 8657: 8645: 8633: 8624: 8623: 8617: 8590: 8581: 8580: 8574: 8565:Theodosius I 8552: 8525: 8518: 8511: 8482:Maximinus II 8469: 8371: 8354: 8341: 8335: 8323: 8311: 8244: 8206:Lucius Verus 8205: 8049: 8042:Roman consul 8040: 8005: 7998:Roman consul 7996: 7964: 7958:Roman consul 7956: 7921: 7912: 7890: 7883: 7876: 7868: 7831: 7824:. Retrieved 7804: 7797: 7792:, pp. 27–28. 7779: 7774: 7766: 7761: 7754:Roman Papers 7753: 7749: 7745: 7741: 7737: 7732: 7724: 7720: 7715: 7707: 7702: 7694: 7690: 7685: 7677: 7672: 7664: 7659: 7651: 7646: 7638: 7634: 7630: 7625: 7616: 7608: 7603: 7595: 7591: 7587: 7580:Roman Papers 7579: 7575: 7570: 7562: 7557: 7549: 7544: 7536: 7529: 7525: 7516: 7507: 7499: 7495: 7490: 7482: 7481:29; Birley, 7478: 7473: 7465: 7449: 7445: 7440: 7432: 7428: 7423: 7415: 7410: 7402: 7391: 7387: 7379: 7375: 7370: 7355: 7348: 7344: 7336: 7332: 7327: 7319: 7315: 7311: 7307: 7303: 7295: 7291: 7283: 7279: 7274: 7265: 7257: 7253: 7249: 7241: 7237: 7233: 7225: 7221: 7217: 7209: 7205: 7201: 7197: 7189: 7171: 7166: 7159:Vita Abercii 7158: 7154: 7150: 7146: 7142: 7138: 7118: 7111: 7103: 7099: 7094: 7086: 7070: 7066: 7061: 7053: 7049: 7045: 7037: 7033: 7029: 7021: 7017: 7013: 7005: 7001: 6997: 6988: 6979: 6971: 6967: 6951: 6946: 6938: 6934: 6930: 6922: 6918: 6914: 6906: 6902: 6898: 6890: 6886: 6882: 6874: 6870: 6866: 6862: 6854: 6850: 6846: 6838: 6834: 6830: 6822: 6818: 6814: 6806: 6802: 6797: 6789: 6785: 6780: 6772: 6768: 6763: 6755: 6751: 6747: 6739: 6735: 6730: 6722: 6718: 6713: 6705: 6700: 6692: 6688: 6687:Dio 71.3.1; 6683: 6675: 6670: 6662: 6658: 6654: 6646: 6642: 6637: 6629: 6625: 6620: 6612: 6608: 6603: 6595: 6594:1.869, 872; 6591: 6587: 6582: 6574: 6570: 6566: 6558: 6554: 6550: 6542: 6538: 6534: 6526: 6522: 6518: 6514: 6510: 6502: 6498: 6493: 6485: 6481: 6477: 6469: 6465: 6460: 6452: 6448: 6444: 6436: 6425: 6421: 6413: 6408: 6400: 6385: 6381: 6377: 6359: 6355: 6351: 6343: 6327: 6323: 6319: 6311: 6306: 6298: 6294: 6290: 6282: 6278: 6274: 6266: 6262: 6254: 6250: 6246: 6238: 6234: 6226: 6221: 6213: 6209: 6205: 6197: 6193: 6189: 6181: 6177: 6173: 6165: 6161: 6157: 6149: 6145: 6141: 6133: 6129: 6125: 6117: 6113: 6109: 6101: 6094: 6090: 6082: 6078: 6074: 6066: 6059: 6055: 6047: 6040: 6036: 6028: 6017: 6013: 6005: 5994: 5990: 5982: 5978: 5974: 5966: 5962: 5958: 5954: 5946: 5942: 5938: 5933: 5925: 5921: 5917: 5913: 5905: 5901: 5897: 5893: 5885: 5881: 5877: 5869: 5865: 5860: 5852: 5847: 5839: 5838:27; Birley, 5835: 5830: 5822: 5821:30; Birley, 5818: 5813: 5805: 5801: 5796: 5788: 5787:27; Birley, 5784: 5779: 5771: 5767: 5763: 5755: 5751: 5747: 5742: 5734: 5730: 5726: 5718: 5714: 5710: 5702: 5689: 5685: 5677: 5673: 5669: 5661: 5656: 5648: 5644: 5640: 5632: 5628: 5624: 5616: 5612: 5607: 5599: 5583: 5579: 5575: 5567: 5563: 5558: 5550: 5546: 5531: 5523: 5518: 5510: 5506: 5502: 5494: 5490: 5475: 5471: 5467: 5459: 5443: 5439: 5435: 5431: 5427: 5419: 5415: 5411: 5407: 5399: 5395: 5391: 5382: 5374: 5352: 5347: 5339: 5335: 5331: 5327: 5319: 5315: 5311: 5303: 5298: 5290: 5286: 5282: 5278: 5236: 5216: 5205: 5194: 5189: 5169: 5159: 5140: 5136: 5131: 5113: 5100: 5088: 5080: 5075: 5066: 5057: 5048: 5039: 5031: 5027: 5020:Alan Cameron 5015: 4995: 4990: 4981: 4976: 4945:Gaius Caesar 4934: 4922: 4917: 4882: 4860: 4838: 4819: 4807:. 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Barnes 5028:vivente Pio 5000:the builder 4969:Britannicus 4794:References: 4395:Gordian III 3162:L. Commodus 1574:Divus Verus 1468:imperatores 1464:imperatores 1212:Ionic Greek 1169:Byam Martin 953:II Adiutrix 686:imperatores 637:Meditations 592:grammaticus 505:Divus Verus 291:96–98 196:Regnal name 66:Predecessor 13021:169 deaths 13016:130 births 13005:Categories 12845:Diocletian 12799:Quintillus 12752:Aemilianus 12707:Gordian II 12679:Elagabalus 12500:Arsinoe IV 12383:Arsinoe II 12308:Darius III 12235:Psammuthes 12124:Psamtik II 11939:Bakenranef 11877:Pedubast I 11872:Takelot II 11867:Harsiese A 11849:Osorkon IV 11837:Shoshenq V 11817:Osorkon II 11790:Shoshenq I 11760:Smendes II 11740:Pinedjem I 11685:Amenemnisu 11638:Ramesses X 11613:Ramesses V 11565:Amenmesses 11545:Ramesses I 11507:Smenkhkare 11477:Hatshepsut 11467:Thutmose I 11217:Montuemsaf 11207:Dedumose I 11007:Nebdjefare 10997:Merdjefare 10767:Nedjemibre 10762:Sewadjkare 10636:Senusret I 10608:Qakare Ini 10429:Meryhathor 10333:Neferkaure 10328:Qakare Iby 10313:Neferkahor 10298:Neferkamin 10106:Thamphthis 10100:Shepseskaf 10014:Sekhemkhet 9865:Horus Bird 9742:Scorpion I 9186:Andronikos 9174:Nikephoros 9123:Michael IV 9088:Romanos II 9008:Theophilos 9003:Michael II 8984:Staurakios 8968:Staurakios 8940:Nikephoros 8933:Artabasdos 8845:Heraclonas 8802:Theodosius 8760:Basiliscus 8520:Nepotianus 8513:Magnentius 8507:Constans I 8460:Severus II 8440:Diocletian 8385:Quintillus 8350:Aemilianus 8343:Volusianus 8288:Gordian II 8253:Elagabalus 8116:Principate 7790:0415107547 7769:, 24, 221. 7582:, 5.689ff. 7535:; Birley, 7401:; Millar, 7024:, 129–130. 6596:HA Hadrian 6561:, 125–126. 6545:, 125–126. 6435:; Birley, 6386:Supplément 6184:, 126–127. 6168:, 126–127. 6100:; Birley, 6065:; Birley, 6046:; Birley, 6027:; Birley, 6004:; Birley, 5872:, 121–122. 5842:, 121–122. 5528:Werner Eck 5422:, 117–118. 5355:, 116–117. 5141:Armeniacus 4470:Small Caps 3654:Cornificia 1561:Marcomanni 1337:Echmiadzin 1309:Armeniacus 1219:Cassiopeia 1208:Praxiteles 1094:Brundisium 1075:Augustorum 949:I Minervia 878:IX Hispana 808:See also: 664:auctoritas 511:Early life 383:Succession 277:Chronology 86:Co-emperor 12977:Ptolemaic 12785:Gallienus 12700:Gordian I 12663:Caracalla 12589:Vespasian 12583:Vitellius 12365:Ptolemaic 12207:Amyrtaeus 12189:Darius II 12134:Ahmose II 12114:Psamtik I 12053:uncertain 12041:Pharaohs 11977:Tanutamun 11812:Takelot I 11795:Osorkon I 11745:Masaharta 11695:Amenemope 11598:Setnakhte 11560:Merneptah 11502:Akhenaten 11419:uncertain 11301:Nebmaatre 11122:Sakir-Har 11075:Yaqub-Har 10987:Nebefawre 10737:Hotepibre 10603:Segerseni 10572:Intef III 10520:uncertain 10508:Pharaohs 10140:Neferefre 9966:Hudjefa I 9847:Semerkhet 9584:Hedju Hor 9546:uncertain 9534:Pharaohs 9428:Classical 9413:Empresses 9397:(286–296) 9391:(267–273) 9385:(260–274) 9128:Michael V 9054:Alexander 8867:Heraclius 8835:Heraclius 8787:Justin II 8697:Glycerius 8684:Anthemius 8554:Procopius 8492:Martinian 8471:Maxentius 8400:Florianus 8373:Saloninus 8368:Gallienus 8337:Hostilian 8313:Philip II 8283:Gordian I 8231:Caracalla 8166:Vespasian 8161:Vitellius 7710:, 179 ff. 7639:Ad amicos 7466:Near East 7403:Near East 7380:Near East 7308:HA Marcus 7296:HA Marcus 7254:HA Marcus 7238:HA Marcus 7073:14(10).6. 6970:: Magie, 6647:IErythrai 6539:HA Marcus 6519:HA Marcus 6356:HA Marcus 6079:HA Marcus 5979:HA Marcus 5959:HA Marcus 5918:Pan. Ath. 5882:HA Marcus 5836:Alexander 5819:Alexander 5785:Alexander 5768:HA Marcus 5748:HA Marcus 5715:HA Marcus 5697:(Nepos), 5674:HA Marcus 5645:HA Marcus 5547:HA Marcus 5507:HA Marcus 5491:HA Marcus 5472:HA Marcus 5432:HA Marcus 5412:HA Marcus 5283:HA Marcus 5151:Citations 5124:Suetonius 5087:'s plain 4982:HA Marcus 4616:"Hadrian" 4569:"Hadrian" 4483:or other) 1443:, one of 1437:Ctesiphon 1313:imperator 1265:Pausanias 1183:sculptor 1141:Pamphylia 981:palaestra 755:civiliter 698:sesterces 232:(natural) 76:Successor 12937:21 to 23 12855:Galerius 12850:Maximian 12839:Numerian 12806:Aurelian 12758:Valerian 12721:Balbinus 12714:Pupienus 12668:Macrinus 12640:Pertinax 12634:Commodus 12599:Domitian 12562:Claudius 12557:Caligula 12552:Tiberius 12547:Augustus 12167:Darius I 12119:Necho II 11962:Shebitku 11934:Tefnakht 11527:Horemheb 11457:Ahmose I 11269:Pantjeny 11255:Senebkay 11235:Pepi III 11197:Bebiankh 11054:Shenshek 11012:Nebsenre 10844:Sihathor 10814:Khendjer 10777:Renseneb 10722:Nerikare 10567:Intef II 10444:Merykare 10349:Wadjkare 10293:Merenhor 10188:Userkare 10095:Menkaure 10089:Bikheris 10078:Djedefre 10044:Qahedjet 9928:Wadjenes 9914:Horus Sa 9907:Nubnefer 9894:Nynetjer 9858:Sneferka 9598:Ni-Neith 9484:Pharaohs 9423:Usurpers 9418:Augustae 9376:See also 9281:Nicholas 9103:Basil II 8900:Tiberius 8885:Leontius 8873:Tiberius 8850:Tiberius 8828:610–1453 8823:Eastern/ 8777:Justin I 8730:Arcadius 8690:Olybrius 8672:Majorian 8613:Honorius 8592:Eugenius 8527:Vetranio 8477:Licinius 8450:Galerius 8445:Maximian 8430:Dominate 8420:Numerian 8390:Aurelian 8363:Valerian 8308:Philip I 8298:Balbinus 8293:Pupienus 8241:Macrinus 8216:Pertinax 8211:Commodus 8176:Domitian 8141:Claudius 8136:Caligula 8131:Tiberius 8126:Augustus 7820:Archived 7767:Konsulat 7752:1984 (= 7748:; Syme, 7736:Birley, 7719:Birley, 7708:Konsulat 7689:Birley, 7592:HA Verus 7574:Lucian, 7561:Lucian, 7494:Fronto, 7477:Lucian, 7464:Millar, 7444:Birley, 7427:Birley, 7414:Birley, 7331:Birley, 7312:HA Verus 7222:HA Verus 7202:HA Verus 7188:Birley, 7170:Birley, 7143:HA Verus 7100:Heroicus 7085:Birley, 7065:Birley, 6968:HA Verus 6903:HA Verus 6887:HA Verus 6867:HA Verus 6851:HA Verus 6835:HA Verus 6819:HA Verus 6801:Lucian, 6786:Imagines 6784:Lucian, 6769:Imagines 6767:Lucian, 6752:HA Verus 6736:Imagines 6704:Birley, 6689:HA Verus 6674:Birley, 6659:HA Verus 6607:Birley, 6586:Birley, 6571:HA Verus 6515:HA Verus 6497:Birley, 6482:HA Verus 6464:Birley, 6376:Birley, 6342:Birley, 6324:HA Verus 6225:Birley, 6114:HA Verus 6098:1972.657 5937:Birley, 5851:Birley, 5834:Lucian, 5817:Lucian, 5800:Birley, 5783:Lucian, 5611:Birley, 5598:Birley, 5562:Birley, 5522:Birley, 5458:Birley, 5396:HA Verus 5373:Birley, 5351:Birley, 5332:HA Verus 5316:HA Verus 5293:, 53–54. 5167:(2012). 4961:Claudius 4941:Augustus 4897:See also 4859:(2014). 4809:14 April 4479:Augustae 3959:Commodus 3386:Faustina 3372:Fundania 2655:Antinous 2093:Marciana 1557:Danubian 1433:Seleucia 1360:Sohaemus 1305:Artaxata 1238:HA Verus 1196:Laodicea 1137:Erythrae 1021:Numantia 975:Etrurian 945:X Gemina 822:, Naples 777:reading— 762:Marullus 748:, Vienna 694:donative 690:Claudius 655:augustus 645:imperium 599:quaestor 581:Faustina 468:, first 347:Commodus 21:Vologeso 13051:Ceionii 12832:Carinus 12813:Tacitus 12771:Quietus 12614:Hadrian 12298:Khabash 12129:Wahibre 12109:Necho I 12103:Nekauba 12091:Ammeris 12034:Dynasty 11972:Taharqa 11967:Shabaka 11904:Rudamun 11883:Iuput I 11728:Herihor 11680:Smendes 11580:Twosret 11570:Seti II 11414:female) 11399:Dynasty 11295:Rahotep 11192:Semenre 11162:Djehuti 11144:Khamudi 11133:Yanassi 11116:Salitis 11068:Yakareb 11061:Khamure 10992:Sehebre 10914:Merkare 10562:Intef I 10501:Dynasty 10410:Imhotep 10370:Iytjenu 10356:Khuiqer 10268:Menkare 10219:Neferka 10203:Pepi II 10125:Userkaf 10019:Sanakht 9842:Anedjib 9822:Hor-Aha 9755:Iry-Hor 9749:Shendjw 9721:Pen-Abu 9605:Hat-Hor 9527:Dynasty 9433:Eastern 9333:Matthew 9227:Alexios 9075:Stephen 9037:Basil I 8922:Leo III 8797:Maurice 8740:Marcian 8723:395–610 8647:Joannes 8606:395–480 8560:Gratian 8433:284–610 8415:Carinus 8395:Tacitus 8271:235–285 8191:Hadrian 7933:(alone) 7314:7.1–2; 7155:Phoenix 6517:6.7–9; 6401:HA Pius 5898:HA Pius 5746:Event: 5731:HA Pius 5208:I, 1509 5085:Juvenal 4475:Augusti 4442:emperor 4002:Lucilla 3978:Fadilla 3175:unknown 3168:Plautia 2638:Hadrian 2127:Plotina 1495:Cyrrhus 1402:Ephesus 1371:Osroene 1330:, Syria 1257:Orontes 1246:Corbulo 1204:Phidias 1149:Antioch 1145:Cilicia 1129:Ephesus 1113:Corinth 1029:Carrhae 1013:Caudium 935:, Paris 899:of the 882:Elegeia 845:Arsacid 841:Pacorus 779:Coelius 711:at the 702:denarii 700:(5,000 609:Emperor 560:Plautia 544:Hadrian 541:Emperor 499:by the 497:deified 474:Hadrian 307:Hadrian 272:96–192) 212:Dynasty 161: 153: 148:Lucilla 123:Altinum 12972:Argead 12819:Probus 12739:Decius 12734:Philip 12609:Trajan 12337:Argead 12246:Muthis 12199:XXVIII 12179:Xerxes 12047:female 12025:Period 11734:Piankh 11705:Siamun 11575:Siptah 11550:Seti I 11390:Period 11342:Kamose 11276:Snaaib 11246:Abydos 11102:Semqen 11095:Sharek 11047:Sheneh 11027:'Apepi 11022:Bebnum 10977:Nehesy 10797:Sebkay 10717:Sonbef 10514:female 10492:Period 10303:Nikare 10193:Pepi I 10130:Sahure 10083:Khafre 10068:Snefru 10037:Sedjes 10009:Djoser 9935:Senedj 9813:Narmer 9772:Narmer 9654:Wazner 9619:Hsekiu 9591:Ny-Hor 9540:female 9518:Period 9195:& 9171:& 9078:& 9049:Leo VI 9025:Thekla 8981:& 8948:Leo IV 8870:& 8809:Phocas 8765:Marcus 8750:Leo II 8666:Avitus 8583:Victor 8548:Valens 8538:Jovian 8533:Julian 8405:Probus 8340:& 8320:Decius 8268:Crisis 8186:Trajan 7920:With: 7889: 7826:31 May 7812: 7788: 7746:passim 7727:M 348. 7697:C 874. 7552:M 169. 7539:, 130. 7468:, 112. 7452:M 169. 7405:, 113. 7382:, 113. 7359:8.7050 7286:M 348. 7260:, 131. 7244:, 131. 7228:, 131. 7212:, 131. 7206:Marcus 7192:, 131. 7147:Marcus 7126: 7008:, 129. 6972:ad loc 6952:Hermes 6941:, 129. 6925:, 129. 6909:, 129. 6893:, 129. 6877:, 129. 6857:, 129. 6841:, 129. 6825:, 129. 6809:, 129. 6792:, 129. 6775:, 129. 6758:, 129. 6742:, 129. 6708:, 129. 6695:, 126. 6665:, 126. 6488:, 125. 6455:, 125. 6439:, 125. 6362:, 123. 6346:, 125. 6314:, 123. 6301:, 127. 6285:, 127. 6257:, 127. 6229:, 127. 6216:, 127. 6200:, 127. 6152:, 126. 6136:, 126. 6120:, 125. 6104:, 125. 6085:, 123. 6069:, 123. 6050:, 123. 6031:, 123. 6008:, 123. 5998:8.7050 5985:, 123. 5945:Fasti 5902:Marcus 5900:7.11; 5888:, 122. 5825:, 121. 5791:, 121. 5774:, 121. 5705:, 121. 5680:, 120. 5651:, 120. 5635:, 120. 5602:, 120. 5586:, 119. 5513:, 118. 5497:, 118. 5462:, 118. 5342:, 116. 5336:Marcus 5244: 5219:p. 278 5177: 4867: 4845: 4826: 4629:passim 4495:Notes: 4460: 4454: 4448: 4438: 3431:Avidia 2629:Sabina 2109:Trajan 2085:Flavia 1907:Marcia 1480:Tolosa 1476:patria 1379:Syriac 1375:Edessa 1345:Satala 1273:Claros 1200:Smyrna 1117:Athens 1106:Canosa 1102:Apulia 1027:, and 1017:Cannae 993:Pompey 971:Alsium 901:Taunus 897:Chatti 889:Raetia 867:Glycon 721:flamen 648:, the 624:Aureus 603:consul 577:Marcus 572:caesar 533:Avidia 360:Family 297:Trajan 250:Avidia 246:Mother 223:Father 142:Spouse 130:Burial 110:Italia 42:Bust, 13031:Aelii 12825:Carus 12604:Nerva 12594:Titus 12572:Galba 12539:XXXIV 12524:Roman 12303:Arses 12230:Hakor 12149:XXVII 11859:XXIII 11449:XVIII 11409:(male 11139:Apepi 11127:Khyan 11040:Wazad 10808:Wegaf 10742:Iufni 10596:Nubia 10404:Setut 10226:Nefer 10073:Khufu 10031:Khaba 10025:Nebka 9889:Nebra 9817:Menes 9776:Menes 9728:Stork 9691:Upper 9647:Neheb 9640:Thesh 9626:Khayu 9575:Lower 8991:Leo V 8958:Irene 8745:Leo I 8410:Carus 8181:Nerva 8171:Titus 8151:Galba 8103:Roman 8050:with 8006:with 7965:with 7891:Died: 7884:Born: 7310:9.1; 7204:7.7; 7161:44ff. 7145:7.7; 6626:I Eph 6598:13.1. 5436:Verus 5434:7.9; 5416:Verus 5414:7.9; 5334:4.1; 5287:Verus 5285:6.2; 4939:past— 4750:72.22 3716:) (1) 1949:Ulpia 1928:Nerva 1883:Titus 1525:blond 1328:Raqqa 1284:Ceres 1261:giant 1185:Myron 1098:Capua 1079:comes 1073:comes 1025:Cirta 1019:, at 1015:, at 1011:, at 1009:Allia 905:limes 843:, an 791:Tiber 770:Cirta 287:Nerva 185:Names 168:Issue 155:( 151: 58:Reign 12658:Geta 12577:Otho 12567:Nero 12285:XXXI 12270:Teos 12217:XXIX 12082:XXVI 12067:Late 12044:male 12004:Late 11957:Piye 11926:XXIV 11832:Pami 11782:XXII 11371:and 11287:XVII 11033:Nuya 10702:XIII 10511:male 10473:and 10363:Khui 10260:VIII 10183:Teti 10165:Unas 10050:Huni 9852:Qa'a 9832:Djet 9827:Djer 9735:Bull 9714:Fish 9680:Wash 9661:Mekh 9537:male 9347:(w. 9330:(w. 9278:(w. 9249:John 9246:(w. 9224:(w. 9212:(w. 9183:(w. 9165:(w. 9066:(w. 9039:(w. 9022:(w. 9010:(w. 8993:(w. 8975:(w. 8936:(w. 8897:(w. 8864:(w. 8847:(w. 8799:(w. 8762:(w. 8755:Zeno 8622:(w. 8579:(w. 8370:(w. 8334:(w. 8322:(w. 8310:(w. 8243:(w. 8236:Geta 8156:Otho 8146:Nero 8105:and 8044:III 7832:The 7828:2024 7810:ISBN 7786:ISBN 7641:1.6. 7533:1098 7399:9117 7352:8977 7124:ISBN 6649:225. 6615:162. 6613:s.a. 6472:1.4. 6433:1100 6429:1094 6063:2311 6044:1091 6021:1097 5699:1092 5695:5932 5242:ISBN 5206:IGRR 5175:ISBN 4967:and 4965:Nero 4955:and 4947:and 4865:ISBN 4843:ISBN 4824:ISBN 4811:2015 1460:dona 1234:vita 1206:and 1143:and 1115:and 891:and 709:pyre 550:and 535:and 117:Died 106:Rome 98:Born 12257:XXX 12006:to 11949:XXV 11672:XXI 11537:XIX 11154:XVI 10934:XIV 10782:Hor 10623:XII 10256:VII 10001:III 9837:Den 9633:Tiu 9499:to 9168:Leo 9113:Zoe 8359:(?) 8047:167 8010:III 8003:161 8000:II 7962:154 7893:169 7395:394 6592:SIG 5943:The 5217:ILA 5201:§ 1 5002:of 4800:DIR 4565:DIR 4195:(1) 3996:(2) 2379:(1) 2360:(3) 2350:(2) 1482:in 1447:'s 562:. 507:). 472:to 13007:: 12967:31 12962:30 12957:27 12952:26 12947:25 12942:24 12932:20 12927:19 12922:18 12917:12 12912:11 11590:XX 11522:Ay 11086:XV 10549:XI 10381:IX 10175:VI 10060:IV 9900:Ba 9876:II 9815:/ 9774:/ 9760:Ka 9612:Pu 9189:, 9072:, 7830:. 7818:. 7457:^ 7397:; 7363:51 7179:^ 7078:^ 6959:^ 6721:, 6431:, 6393:^ 6367:^ 6335:^ 6025:98 6002:51 5924:, 5591:^ 5539:^ 5530:, 5483:^ 5451:^ 5360:^ 5256:^ 5226:^ 5221:). 4775:^ 4755:HA 4726:^ 4686:^ 4670:^ 4645:^ 4576:^ 4555:^ 4543:^ 4522:^ 4477:, 4402:r. 3966:r. 3712:r. 3669:r. 3402:r. 2644:r. 2116:r. 1935:r. 1890:r. 1576:. 1568:. 1486:. 1351:. 1263:. 1187:, 1023:, 718:A 270:AD 157:m. 108:, 12907:4 12903:3 12900:2 12896:1 10421:X 10258:/ 10117:V 9805:I 9700:A 9668:A 9476:e 9469:t 9462:v 9353:) 9336:) 9284:) 9252:) 9230:) 9218:) 9201:) 9177:) 9084:) 9045:) 9028:) 9016:) 8999:) 8987:) 8944:) 8903:) 8876:) 8853:) 8805:) 8768:) 8630:) 8587:) 8376:) 8346:) 8328:) 8316:) 8249:) 8095:e 8088:t 8081:v 7361:– 7132:. 6974:. 6023:– 6000:– 5272:. 5250:. 5214:( 5199:( 5183:. 5126:. 4887:. 4873:. 4851:. 4832:. 4813:. 4761:. 4605:. 4571:. 4481:, 4406:) 4399:( 4229:? 3970:) 3963:( 3709:( 3673:) 3666:( 3406:) 3399:( 2648:) 2641:( 2120:) 2113:( 1939:) 1932:( 1894:) 1887:( 1606:e 1599:t 1592:v 1003:( 431:e 424:t 417:v 268:( 23:.

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Index