408:—that is, that Ongota speakers shifted to East Cushitic from an earlier Nilo-Saharan language, traces of which still remain. However, Fleming (2006) considers it to be an independent branch of Afroasiatic.
364:("South Cushitic") are a part of Lowland East Cushitic, and KieĂźling & Mous (2003) have suggested more specifically that they be linked to a Southern Lowland branch, together with Oromo, Somali, and
246:"Core" East Cushitic classification from Bender (2020 : 91). Saho–Afar is excluded, making it equivalent to Tosco's Southern Lowland East Cushitic, and Yaaku is moved into Western Omo–Tana ("Arboroid"):
1086:
557:
291:
Highland East
Cushitic and Afar–Saho are coordinate (sister) branches with Lowland East Cushitic, together forming East Cushitic.
473:
1110:
1079:
1105:
669:
550:
300:
240:
1072:
812:
272:
75:
386:(Ma'a) may also be East Cushitic (Tosco 2002), though the grammatical basis and the other register are Bantu.
468:. Grover Hudson (ed.). (Schriften zur Afrikanistik / Research in African Studies, 28.) Berlin: Peter Lang.
1060:
768:
543:
379:
677:
965:
939:
878:
405:
196:
91:
451:
Tosco, Mauro (2020). "East
Cushitic". In: Vossen, Rainer and Gerrit J. Dimmendaal (eds.). 2020.
863:
735:
726:
265:
207:
167:
80:
1052:
417:
243:
is a coordinate (sister) branch with
Lowland East Cushitic in Tosco's (2020) classification.
44:
8:
1001:
825:
566:
163:
49:
150:
851:
778:
697:
611:
469:
327:
279:
212:
70:
985:
904:
831:
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621:
390:
304:
256:
222:
127:
990:
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934:
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795:
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707:
702:
659:
629:
592:
401:
369:
331:
175:
112:
98:
39:
510:
SavĂ , Graziano and Mauro Tosco. 2003. "The classification of Ongota". In Bender
1056:
1033:
995:
909:
899:
873:
837:
802:
773:
753:
743:
687:
682:
587:
582:
574:
383:
376:
365:
361:
357:
330:
dialect cluster is closely related to Oromo. Other prominent languages include
315:
311:
as "East
Cushitic", but that group is not well defined and considered dubious.
308:
227:
171:
120:
105:
86:
32:
1099:
1018:
949:
944:
929:
868:
604:
598:
394:
347:
134:
974:
634:
339:
790:
535:
532:. Yale University. Doctoral dissertation, New Haven: Yale University.
144:
343:
319:
351:
335:
883:
323:
516:
Selected comparative-historical
Afrasian linguistic studies.
436:
Richard
Hayward, "Afroasiatic", in Heine & Nurse, 2000,
186:
Lowland East
Cushitic classification from Tosco (2020:297):
498:
The
Lexical Reconstruction of West-Rift Southern Cushitic.
162:
is a group of roughly two dozen diverse languages of the
530:
Lowland East
Cushitic: Subgrouping and Reconstruction
314:The most spoken Lowland East Cushitic language is
404:is an East Cushitic language with a Nilo-Saharan
346:, and Kenya) with about 30 million speakers, and
1097:
389:Unclassified within the Lowland languages are
1080:
551:
299:Lowland East Cushitic is often grouped with
455:, 290–299. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1087:
1073:
558:
544:
496:Roland KieĂźling & Maarten Mous. 2003.
484:Robert Hetzron, "The Limits of Cushitic",
16:Group of Cushitic languages of East Africa
503:Tosco, Mauro. 2000. 'Cushitic Overview.'
453:The Oxford Handbook of African Languages
170:family. Its largest representatives are
447:
445:
1098:
565:
354:and Djibouti) with about 1.5 million.
539:
1046:
442:
318:, with about 35 million speakers in
500:Cushitic Language Studies Volume 21
13:
522:
14:
1122:
181:
486:Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika
478:
466:Cushitic Lexicon and Phonology
458:
430:
400:SavĂ and Tosco (2003) believe
1:
423:
334:(spoken by ethnic Somalis in
1059:. You can help Knowledge by
505:Journal of Ethiopian Studies
7:
411:
393:and perhaps the endangered
294:
10:
1127:
1111:Afroasiatic language stubs
1045:
464:Bender, M. Lionel (2020).
1027:
1011:
964:
922:
892:
859:
850:
811:
734:
725:
716:
668:
620:
573:
528:Black, Paul David. 1974.
303:(the Sidamic languages),
143:
64:
40:Linguistic classification
38:
26:
21:
1106:East Cushitic languages
360:has suggested that the
1055:-related article is a
375:The vocabulary of the
301:Highland East Cushitic
241:Highland East Cushitic
1053:Afroasiatic languages
418:Languages of Ethiopia
192:Lowland East Cushitic
160:Lowland East Cushitic
55:Lowland East Cushitic
22:Lowland East Cushitic
252:'Core' East Cushitic
567:Cushitic languages
271:Western Omo–Tana (
264:Eastern Omo–Tana (
76:(Western) Omo–Tana
1068:
1067:
1040:
1039:
1034:extinct languages
960:
959:
918:
917:
846:
845:
474:978-3-631-60089-4
438:African Languages
157:
156:
1118:
1089:
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786:Somali languages
732:
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560:
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523:Further reading
493:
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488:2. 1980, 7–126.
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297:
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219:Peripheral (?)
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28:
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879:Southern Oromo
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518:LINCOM Europa.
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491:
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362:Rift languages
358:Robert Hetzron
350:(in Ethiopia,
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182:Classification
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166:branch of the
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33:Horn of Africa
30:
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3:
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864:Eastern Oromo
862:
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833:
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797:
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792:
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770:
769:Rendille–Boni
767:
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757:
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750:
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689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
675:
673:
671:
670:Highland East
667:
661:
658:
653:
650:
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644:
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638:
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633:
631:
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627:
625:
623:
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581:
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556:
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541:
538:
531:
527:
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513:
509:
507:33(2):87–121.
506:
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409:
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403:
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349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
312:
310:
306:
302:
292:
281:
280:Oromo–Konsoid
277:
274:
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247:
244:
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63:
56:
53:
52:
51:
48:
47:
46:
43:
41:
37:
34:
31:
25:
20:
1061:expanding it
1050:
1042:
1029:
1000:
973:
830:
736:Macro-Somali
718:Lowland East
717:
597:
529:
515:
511:
504:
497:
485:
480:
465:
460:
452:
437:
432:
399:
388:
374:
356:
342:, Ethiopia,
313:
298:
290:
251:
245:
239:
191:
185:
168:Afro-Asiatic
159:
158:
133:
119:
111:
97:
81:Macro-Somali
65:Subdivisions
54:
45:Afro-Asiatic
29:distribution
1100:Categories
424:References
406:substratum
397:language.
340:Somaliland
27:Geographic
1032:indicate
940:Saho–Afar
826:Daasanach
791:Maay Maay
278:Oromoid (
201:Southern
197:Saho–Afar
145:Glottolog
92:Saho–Afar
779:Rendille
727:Omo–Tana
698:Kambaata
648:Gollango
612:Xamtanga
412:See also
380:register
344:Djibouti
320:Ethiopia
295:Overview
273:Arboroid
266:Somaloid
208:Omo–Tana
204:Nuclear
164:Cushitic
151:lowl1267
50:Cushitic
1030:Italics
1002:KwĘĽadza
986:Burunge
905:Dirasha
893:Konsoid
852:Oromoid
832:El Molo
813:Western
759:Girirra
749:Dabarre
693:Hadiyya
651:Gorrose
645:Gergere
635:Gawwada
391:Girirra
352:Eritrea
336:Somalia
328:Konsoid
213:Oromoid
71:Oromoid
1012:Others
991:Gorowa
981:Alagwa
935:Dahalo
923:Others
821:Arbore
796:Somali
764:Jiiddu
708:Sidama
703:Libido
660:Tsamai
639:Dihina
630:Dobase
622:Dullay
593:Qimant
512:et al.
472:
402:Ongota
370:Dullay
332:Somali
326:. The
307:, and
305:Dullay
257:Dullay
223:Dullay
176:Somali
128:Dullay
113:Ongota
99:Dahalo
1051:This
996:Iraqw
975:Aasáx
966:South
910:Konso
900:Bussa
884:Waata
874:Oromo
838:Yaaku
803:Tunni
754:Garre
744:Baiso
688:Gedeo
683:Burji
678:Alaba
654:Harso
605:Qwara
599:Kayla
588:Bilen
583:Awngi
514:eds,
384:Mbugu
377:mixed
366:Yaaku
324:Kenya
316:Oromo
309:Yaaku
261:SAOK
228:Yaaku
172:Oromo
121:Yaaku
87:Baiso
1057:stub
1019:Beja
950:Saho
945:Afar
930:Boon
869:Orma
774:Boni
642:Gaba
575:Agaw
470:ISBN
395:Boon
348:Afar
322:and
174:and
135:Boon
106:Rift
85:(?)
382:of
1102::
444:^
372:.
338:,
275:)
178:.
132:?
126:?
118:?
110:?
104:?
96:?
1088:e
1081:t
1074:v
1063:.
559:e
552:t
545:v
368:–
282:)
268:)
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