Louis St. Laurent - Knowledge

1549:(who was also known as the "Minister of Everything"). Howe was widely perceived as extremely arrogant. Western Canadians felt particularly alienated by the government, believing that the Liberals were kowtowing to interests in Ontario and Quebec and the United States. The opposition accused the government of accepting overly costly contracts that could never be completed on schedule. In the end, the pipeline was completed early and under budget. The pipeline conflict turned out to be meaningless, insofar as the construction work was concerned, since pipe could not be obtained in 1956 from a striking American factory, and no work could have been done that year. The uproar in Parliament regarding the pipeline had a lasting impression on the electorate, and was a decisive factor in the Liberal government's 1957 defeat at the hands of the 1306:

assistance for needy Canadians aged sixty-five and above (1951), the introduction of allowances for the blind (1951) and the disabled (1954), amendments to the National Housing Act (1954) which provided federal government financing to non-profit organisations as well as the provinces for the renovation or construction of hostels or housing for students, the disabled, the elderly, and families on low incomes, and unemployment assistance (1956) for unemployed employables on welfare who had exhausted (or did not qualify for) unemployment insurance benefits. During his last term as prime minister, St. Laurent's government used $ 100 million in death taxes to establish the

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image' to be used in Canadian politics. St. Laurent chatted with children, gave speeches in his shirt sleeves, and had a 'common touch' that turned out to be appealing to voters. At one event during the 1949 election campaign, he disembarked his train and instead of approaching the assembled crowd of adults and reporters, gravitated to, and began chatting with, a group of children on the platform. A reporter submitted an article entitled "Uncle Louis can't lose!" which earned him the nickname "Uncle Louis" in the media ("Papa Louis" in Quebec). With this common touch and broad appeal, he led the party to victory in the election against the

1370: 1718: 1772: 1694:, he stated, "One can be more outspoken, frank and sincere before the courts than he could be before the public audience in a political campaign." In that same interview, St. Laurent acknowledged that the Pipeline Debate played a major role in his 1957 loss, stating, "Perhaps I didn't say as much as I should have; people do make mistakes you know. I did my best and, as a matter of fact, we had become accustomed to carry on as a board of directors and that displeased a part of the Canadian public." St. Laurent admitted that it took a while to resume his good mood after a sudden electoral loss. 1768:, wrote, "St. Laurent had many of the best characteristics of a prime minister but few of the best attributes of a politician. In his most productive years in the job, 1948 to 1954, he presided over a cabinet of strong ministers, many of them first-class politicians. His views and theirs generally coincided, though when they did not, it was the prime minister who prevailed. His fundamental commitment was to national unity, which he interpreted broadly in terms of an expansive federal power. At home and abroad he was an activist, which an abundant economy allowed him to be." 1591:

office; he believed that the nation had passed a verdict against his government and his party. In any case, the CCF and Socreds had pledged to cooperate with a Tory government. It was very likely that St. Laurent would have been defeated on the floor of the House had he tried to stay in power with a minority government, and would not have stayed in office for long even if he survived that confidence vote. With this in mind, St. Laurent resigned on 21 June 1957—ending the longest uninterrupted run in government for a party at the federal level in Canadian history.

1574:, the Liberals won 200,000 more votes nationwide than the Progressive Conservatives (40.75% Liberals to 38.81% PC). However, a large portion of that overall Liberal popular vote came from huge majorities in Quebec ridings, and did not translate into seats in other parts of the country. Largely due to dominating the rest of the country, the Progressive Conservatives took the greatest number of seats with 112 seats (42% of the House) to the Liberals' 105 (39.2%). The result of the election came as a shock to many, and is considered to be one of the greatest 762: 6761: 1866: 1201: 1096: 853: 587: 1035: 64: 1600: 4049: 1880: 1298:' healthcare system in Saskatchewan, and Pearson's nationwide universal healthcare in the late 1960s. Under this legislation, the federal government paid around 50% of the cost of provincial health plans to cover "a basic range of inpatient services in acute, convalescent, and chronic hospital care." The condition for the cost-sharing agreements was that all citizens were to be entitled to these benefits, and by March 1963, 98.8% of Canadians were covered by 3885: 968: 1152: 3895: 1667: 1302:. According to historian Katherine Boothe, however, St. Laurent did not regard government health insurance to be a "good policy idea", instead favouring the expansion of voluntary insurance through existing plans. In 1951, for instance, St. Laurent spoke in support of the medical profession assuming "the administration and responsibility for, a scheme that would provide prepaid medical attendance to any Canadian who needed it". 1278: 6749: 987:

that these sweeping changes would cause disputes between the federal and provincial governments, but St. Laurent believed that Canadians identified with and supported these programs, stating that " were constantly made aware of the services which provincial governments render while they tended to think of the central government as one imposing burdens such as taxation and conscription."

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in order to expand Canada's labour base. St. Laurent believed that immigration was key to post-war economic growth. He also believed that immigration would create a sufficient tax base that would pay for social welfare measures that were established at the end of World War II. Over 125,000 immigrants

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that followed his ascension to the Liberal leadership, many wondered, including Liberal Party insiders, if St. Laurent would appeal to the post-war populace of Canada. On the campaign trail, St. Laurent's image was developed into somewhat of a 'character' and what is considered to be the first 'media

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Some ministers wanted St. Laurent to stay on and offer to form a minority government, arguing that the popular vote had supported them and the party's long years of experience would make them a more effective minority. Another option circulated within the party saw the balance of power to be held by

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In addition, St. Laurent modernized and established new social and industrial policies for the country during his time in the prime minister's office. Amongst these measures included the universalization of old-age pensions for all Canadians aged seventy and above (1951), the introduction of old age

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It took taxation surpluses no longer needed by the wartime military and paying back in full Canada's debts accrued during the World Wars and the Great Depression. With remaining revenues, St. Laurent oversaw the expansion of Canada's social programs, including the gradual expansion of social welfare

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In 1944, St. Laurent oversaw the creation of family allowances. In 1945, St. Laurent supported a program of economic reconstruction and more social welfare, which consisted of federal-provincial cost-sharing schemes for old-age pensions and hospital and medical insurance. Some officials were worried

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with their 15 seats. St. Laurent was encouraged by others to reach out to the CCF and at least four of six independent/small party MPs to form a coalition majority government, which would have held 134 of the 265 seats in Parliament—50.6% of the total. St. Laurent, however, had no desire to stay in

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role in the post-World War II world. In 1947, he identified the five basic principles of Canadian foreign policy and five practical applications regarding Canada's international relations. Always highly sensitive to cleavages of language, religion, and region, he stressed national unity, insisting,

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In early 1954, St. Laurent took a 42-day long tour around the world, citing his desire to get a better picture of what he said, "the problems which all of us have to face together." He visited 12 countries in total, including France, Germany, Japan, India, and Pakistan. When he returned to Canada,

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St. Laurent, compelled by his belief that the UN would be ineffective in times of war and armed conflict without some military means to impose its will, advocated the adoption of a UN military force. This force he proposed would be used in situations that called for both tact and might to preserve

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demand for representation on Montreal’s Protestant Board of School Commissioners and he also supported a separate Jewish system of schools. Though St. Laurent's bid to have Jewish representation in the school board was unsuccessful, the province of Quebec recognized the right to establish separate

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Though an ardent Liberal, Louis remained aloof from active politics for much of his life, focusing instead on his legal career and family. He became one of Quebec's leading lawyers and was so highly regarded that he was twice offered a seat as a justice on the Supreme Court of Canada, offers he

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and committed the third largest overall contribution of troops, ships and aircraft to the U.N. forces to the conflict. Troops to Korea were selected on a voluntary basis. St. Laurent sent over 26,000 troops to fight in the war. In 1956, under his direction, St. Laurent's secretary of state for

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and now more than 75 years old, St. Laurent's motivation to be involved in politics was gone. He announced his intention to retire from politics. He was succeeded as Liberal Party leader by his former secretary of state for external affairs and representative at the United Nations,

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King came to regard St. Laurent as his most trusted minister and natural successor. He persuaded St. Laurent that it was his duty to remain in government following the war in order to help with the construction of a post-war international order and promoted him to the position of

948:, Lapointe's former post, on 9 December. St. Laurent agreed to go to Ottawa out of a sense of duty, but only on the understanding that his foray into politics was temporary and that he would return to Quebec at the conclusion of the war. In February 1942, he won a by-election for 1232:(NATO) in 1949, serving as an architect and signatory of the treaty document. Involvement in such an organization marked a departure from King who had been reticent about joining a military alliance. Under his leadership, Canada supported the United Nations (UN) in the 4596: 4521: 4511: 4506: 4501: 4496: 4491: 4486: 4471: 4466: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4441: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4401: 1314:" which redistributes taxation revenues between provinces to assist the poorer provinces in delivering government programs and services, a move that has been considered a strong one in solidifying the Canadian federation, particularly with his home province of 1569:

By 1957 St. Laurent was 75 years old and tired. His party had been in power for 22 years, and by this time had accumulated too many factions and alienated too many groups. He was ready to retire, but was persuaded to fight one last campaign. In the

1757:, wrote, "St Laurent's administrations from 1949 to 1956 probably gave Canada the most consistently good, financially responsible, trouble-free government the country has had in its entire history." One of St. Laurent's cabinet ministers, 1697:

After his political retirement, he returned to practising law and living quietly and privately with his family. During his retirement, he was called into the public spotlight one final time in 1967 to be made a Companion of the

1172:. The Liberals won 191 seats – the most in Canadian history at the time, and still a record for the party. This is also the Liberals' second-most successful result in their history in terms of proportion of seats, behind the 936:, had died in November 1941. King believed that his Quebec lieutenant had to be strong enough and respected enough to help deal with the volatile conscription issue. King had been a junior politician when he witnessed the 1086:

in the summer of 1947 and the fall of 1948. These negotiations were successful, and on March 31, 1949, Canada annexed Newfoundland and Labrador, with St. Laurent presiding over the ceremonies in Ottawa as prime minister.

1225:"that our external policies shall not destroy our unity ... for a disunited Canada will be a powerless one." He also stressed political liberty and rule of law in the sense of opposition to totalitarianism. 1753:. Many have referred to this period as "Canada's Golden Age". St. Laurent's government was modestly progressive, fiscally responsible, and run with business-like efficiency. St. Laurent's former senior servant, 1026:. St. Laurent's speech implied that Canadian foreign policy was only an extension of British foreign policy. He also said that Canada should have the “willingness to accept international responsibilities.” 802:, while his gestures (such as a hunch of the shoulders) were French. St. Laurent was also interested in English literature as a child. The St. Laurent home would serve as a social centre for the village. 794:. Louis was the oldest of seven children. At the time of his birth, Compton was mainly English-speaking, though it would slowly become majority French between 1901 and 1911. St. Laurent grew up fluently 713:. St. Laurent earned the nickname "Uncle Louis" as he was popular among the general public throughout his tenure, and the popularity of his government led many to predict that he would easily win the 2676:

The Liberals were confident they would emerge victorious in the 1957 federal contest. But, thanks to Louis St. Laurent's stumbles and John Diefenbaker's vision, they were headed for an election upset

1325:, a type of financial account used to hold savings and investment assets. The plan had many tax advantages and was designed to promote savings for retirement by employees and self-employed people. 4591: 4586: 4581: 4576: 4571: 4566: 4561: 4556: 4551: 4546: 4541: 4536: 4531: 4526: 4516: 4481: 4476: 1408:, with Canada paying nearly three-fourths of that total and the U.S. paying about one-fourth. The seaway was completed in 1959 and expanded Canada's economic trade routes with the United States. 1265:

St. Laurent's personality and character appeared to slightly change; cabinet ministers noticed he showed signs of fatigue and indifference. Some even claimed he started to feel depressed. Author

4754: 1465:. Each of the aforementioned actions were and are seen as significant in furthering the cause of Canadian autonomy from Britain and developing a national identity on the international stage. 1310:

to support research in the arts, humanities, and social sciences. In 1956, using the taxation authority of the federal level of government, St. Laurent's government introduced the policy of "

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twice, in 1949 and 1951, but was unsuccessful both times. St. Laurent then threatened that Canada would build the seaway alone. Finally, in 1953 and 1954, Truman's successor, president

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and wanted to prevent the same divisions from threatening his government. Many recommended St. Laurent for the post. On these recommendations, King recruited St. Laurent to cabinet as

1082:, which had land claims against Newfoundland and demanded a right of veto over the admission of any new province or territory. St. Laurent led two negotiations with Newfoundland and 2791: 1985: 883:

them. This occurred during his engagement in a case contesting the will of a woman who had left everything she owned to her parish priest. In 1912, St. Laurent won a case against

6932: 6807: 2765: 5795: 4379: 1188:, once again defeating PC leader Drew. Though they lost 22 seats, they still had three dozen seats more than the number needed for a majority, enabling them to dominate the 1103:

In 1948, MacKenzie King retired after over 21 years in power, and quietly persuaded his senior ministers to support St. Laurent's selection as the new Liberal leader at the

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St. Laurent and his cabinet oversaw Canada's expanding international role in the postwar world. His stated desire was for Canada to occupy a social, military, and economic

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with Britain which 'partially patriated' the Canadian Constitution, most significantly giving the Canadian Parliament the authority to amend portions of the constitution.

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in order to curtail debate and ensure that its Pipeline Bill passed by a specific deadline. St. Laurent was criticized for a lack of restraint exercised on his minister,

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In 1907, St. Laurent gained some attention in Quebec after he made a move that was viewed unusual at the time: he put a priest and nuns on the witness stand and

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immigrants. Their arrival shifted the balance of ethnic origins amongst Canadians, increasing the population who were of neither French nor British descent.

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arrived in Canada in 1948 alone, and that number would more than double to 282,000 in 1957. Large numbers of immigrants were from Southern Europe, including

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unexpectedly arrived at St. Laurent's office with evidence of a Soviet spy ring operating in Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom. Known as the

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St. Laurent (bottom, centre-right) and King (bottom, centre) and other delegates negotiating the entry of Newfoundland and Labrador into Confederation, 1947

5424: 3715: 1761:, noted of him, "St. Laurent had made governing Canada look so easy that the people thought anyone could do it—and thus they elected John Diefenbaker." 1269:

wrote, " his greatest hour but it marked as well the beginning of his decline; as such, it was a turning point both for him and for Canadian politics."

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instigated by the federal government to assert its sovereignty in the Far North by the use of "human flagpoles", in light of both the Cold War and the

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programs such as family allowances, old age pensions, government funding of university and post-secondary education and an early form of

1989: 6852: 5804: 4665: 3966: 3379: 2214: 891:, who was seeking to avoid extradition from Quebec. In 1923, St. Laurent opened his own law office. In 1926, in a test case before the 860:

St. Laurent worked as a lawyer from 1905 to 1942. He also became a professor of law at Université Laval in 1914. St. Laurent practised

169: 6647: 2146: 2091: 1062:. He therefore proposed an Atlantic security organization that would supplement the UN. That would become reality in 1949, when the 5104: 3185: 2769: 2179: 1840: 1550: 1396:

in order to start the construction of the St. Lawrence Seaway. In order to negotiate with the U.S., St. Laurent met with president

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in 1973. St. Laurent's residence at 201 Grande-Allée Est in Quebec City is protected as a Recognized Federal Heritage Building.

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In 1949, the former lawyer of many Supreme Court cases, St. Laurent ended the practice of appealing Canadian legal cases to the

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led to the widespread impression that the Liberals had grown arrogant in power. On numerous occasions, the government invoked

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peace or prevent combat. In 1956, this idea was actualized by St. Laurent and his secretary of state for external affairs,

346: 6842: 952:, Lapointe's former riding, which had been previously held by Laurier. St. Laurent supported King's decision to introduce 6040: 741:

highly among analysts, not least because of his progressive programs and fiscally responsible policies that helped shape

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The Relocated–a term still spoken in hushed terms–were then planted as human flagpoles in this desolate place.

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Gray agendas: interest groups and public pensions in Canada, Britain, and the United States by Henry J. Pratt

1843:, is named in his honour. Created in 2003, it partially consists of St. Laurent's old riding of Quebec East. 1587: 1450:

in Canada, St. Laurent responded that the party posed little threat and that such measures would be drastic.

1432: 1389:. It was this last project that was to sow the seeds that led to the downfall of the St. Laurent government. 961: 394: 2892: 2821: 2332:

Ideas and the Pace of Change: National Pharmaceutical Insurance in Canada, Australia, and the United Kingdom

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St. Laurent's government engaged in massive public works and infrastructure projects such as building the

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led some to believe that the Liberals had become arrogant from their two decades in power, and in a major

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the highest avenue of legal appeal available to Canadians. In that same year, St. Laurent negotiated the

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in Quebec and became one of the country's most respected counsel. St. Laurent served as president of the

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In pursuit of the public good: essays in honour of Allan J. MacEachen by Tom Kent and Allan J. MacEachen

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Canada's Prime Ministers, Macdonald to Trudeau: Portraits from the Dictionary of Canadian Biography

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Facts of life: the social construction of vital statistics, Ontario, 1869–1952 by George Neil Emery

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It was not until he was nearly 60 that St. Laurent finally agreed to enter politics when Liberal

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St. Laurent's father, Jean-Baptiste, was a Compton shopkeeper and a staunch supporter of the

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St. Laurent (left) and Prime Minister King (right) at the San Francisco Conference, May 1945

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in 1949 to fight the spread of the ideology. His government also contributed troops to the

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St. Laurent also believed that the UN was failing to provide international security from

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During this period, the Minister of Justice was the right hand man of the Prime Minister

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on 15 November 1948, making him Canada's second French Canadian prime minister, after

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during their first years after the move. The story was the subject of a book called

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St. Laurent was the first prime minister to live in the official residence of the

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St. Laurent was ranked #4 on a survey of the first 20 prime ministers (through

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The house and grounds in Compton where St. Laurent was born were designated a

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St. Laurent presided over the beginning of a new period in Canadian history,

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Militarily, St. Laurent was a leading proponent of the establishment of the

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St. Laurent chose the following jurists to be appointed as justices of the

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St. Laurent's first mission was to give the Liberals a new mandate. In the

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St. Laurent shaking hands with supporters during the 1949 election campaign

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201 Grande-Allée, residence of St. Laurent in Quebec City for sixty years

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My Years with Louis St. Laurent: a Political Memoir by J. W. Pickersgill

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The Long Exile: A Tale of Inuit Betrayal and Survival in the High Arctic

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Louis Stephen St. Laurent died from heart failure on July 25, 1973, in

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Canadian Prime Minister St. Laurent (far left), British prime minister

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St. Laurent preferred law over politics. In a 1961 interview with the

840:(1886–1966), with whom he had two sons and three daughters, including 6353: 6343: 5995: 5975: 5965: 5682: 5268: 5060: 5019: 4979: 4969: 4171: 3998: 3830: 2481: 1501: 1055: 999: 795: 686: 109: 1315: 967: 6633: 2405:"Refugees of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution National Historic Event" 1825: 1666: 1477: 1339: 2174: 2172: 2170: 5349: 4145: 2850:

Memoirs of a Very Civil Servant: Mackenzie King to Pierre Trudeau

1829: 1542: 1485: 1404:, secured a deal with St. Laurent. The deal costed $ 470 million 1354: 1277: 1184:

St. Laurent led the Liberals to another powerful majority in the

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Former Prime Minister of Canada. For his service to his country.

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St. Laurent had to go through a series of negotiations with the

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that took place on August 7, 1948, exactly 29 years after King

960:). His support prevented more than a handful of Quebec Liberal 749:, he was an "eminently moderate, cautious...man...and a strong 632: 4762: 2691:

Essence of Indecision: Diefenbaker's Nuclear Policy, 1957–1963

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Essence of Indecision: Diefenbaker's Nuclear Policy, 1957–1963

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The High Arctic Relocation: A Report on the 1953–55 Relocation

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upon this graduation from Laval in 1905. In 1908, he married

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In 1956 and 1957, Canada received over 37,500 refugees from

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Canadian members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom

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to hold the office, St. Laurent strongly advocated against

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CBC Digital Archives – Uncle Louis and Canada's Golden Age

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The emergence of social security in Canada by Dennis Guest

1257:. These actions were recognized when Pearson won the 1957 635:, St. Laurent was a leading lawyer and a supporter of the 2798:. Government of Canada. December 20, 2010. Archived from 2092:"The jurist - Louis S. St-Laurent National Historic Site" 1333:

In 1948, St. Laurent's government dramatically increased

1111:. St. Laurent easily won, defeating two other opponents. 3019:. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press. pp. 139–153. 2004: 1924: 1439:

negotiated the entry of Newfoundland and Labrador into

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In January 1947, St. Laurent delivered a speech at the

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20th-century members of the House of Commons of Canada

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external affairs, Lester B. Pearson, helped solve the

6808:

Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec

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Louis S. St. Laurent National Historic Site of Canada

2554:. McGill-Queen's University Press. pp. 102–103. 2258: 1786:) of Canada done by Canadian historians, and used by 1138:(then known as 24 Sussex Street), from 1951 to 1957. 3017:

The Political Ideas of the Prime Ministers of Canada

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Canada Since 1945: Power, Politics and Provincialism

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and was an enthusiastic proponent of Canada joining

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Secretaries of State for External Affairs (1909–83)

2661:"How arrogance cost the Liberals the 1957 election" 2575:Pope, Frank (May 14, 2011). "Disappearing Arctic". 2291:"Louis St-Laurent goes around the world in 42 days" 1661: 1373:

The construction of the St. Lawrence Seaway in 1959

928:appealed to his sense of duty in late 1941. King's 887:. In 1913, he was one of the defending counsel for 765:

Louis and Jeanne on their wedding day, May 19, 1908

697:. At home, St. Laurent's government introduced the 6913:Fellows of the Royal Canadian Geographical Society 6888:Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada) 6883:Canadian Secretaries of State for External Affairs 6151: 3181:Louis St. Laurent – Parliament of Canada biography 2983: 2847: 2482:Bothwell, R.; Drummond, I.M.; English, J. (1989). 2063: 2430:"St-Laurent negotiates bridging the St. Lawrence" 2278:In Defence of Canada: Volume 4: Growing Up Allied 1321:In 1957, St. Laurent's government introduced the 1294:at the time. This scheme laid the groundwork for 895:, St. Laurent argued for religious minority (non- 6784: 5126: 2845: 647:. In February 1942, he won a by-election in the 2515: 2024:"Canadian Bar Association: Past CBA Presidents" 1446:When asked in 1949 whether he would outlaw the 1078:joining Canada. He ignored objections from the 1005: 911: 262:September 10, 1948 – November 14, 1948 6813:Members of the King's Privy Council for Canada 2548:Porteous, J. Douglas; Smith, Sandra E (2001). 832:(LL.L. 1905). He was offered, but declined, a 359:September 4, 1946 – September 9, 1948 6137: 5789: 5409: 5112: 4748: 3925: 3723: 3709: 3483: 3227: 2547: 1705:St. Laurent was appointed a Companion of the 1594: 1435:within the province, St. Laurent and Premier 1141: 1114: 1069: 757:Early life, family, and education (1882–1905) 309:December 10, 1941 – December 9, 1946 5805:Leaders of the Official Opposition in Canada 4655: 4638: 2958: 2716:"Louis St-Laurent: the reluctant politician" 2488:. University of Toronto Press. p. 117. 2147:"Louis S. St-Laurent National Historic Site" 2133: 2036: 2010: 825: 3939: 3210:Newspaper clippings about Louis St. Laurent 3106: 2784: 2586: 847: 701:(RRSP) and oversaw the construction of the 639:. In December 1941, he entered politics as 6444:The referendum on the Charlottetown Accord 6144: 6130: 5796: 5782: 5416: 5402: 5119: 5105: 4764:Ministers of Justice and Attorneys General 4755: 4741: 3932: 3918: 3894: 3716: 3702: 3490: 3476: 2822:"Louis St-Laurent and Canada's Golden Age" 2694:. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. p. 8. 1955: 1953: 1951: 1949: 1947: 1945: 1943: 1941: 1939: 1074:St. Laurent was a strong supporter of the 786:, to Jean-Baptiste-Moïse Saint-Laurent, a 412:February 9, 1942 – March 31, 1958 222:August 7, 1948 – January 16, 1958 98:November 15, 1948 – June 21, 1957 62: 27:Prime Minister of Canada from 1948 to 1957 3073: 3033: 2990:Prime Ministers: Ranking Canada's Leaders 2880:Prime Ministers: Ranking Canada's Leaders 2619: 2264: 1930: 1796:Prime Ministers: Ranking Canada's Leaders 1411: 1323:registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) 182:June 21, 1957 – January 16, 1958 6903:Université Laval Faculté de droit alumni 3131: 2658: 2551:Domicide: The Global Destruction of Home 2541: 2516:Dussault, René; Erasmus, George (1994). 2315: 2313: 2311: 1770: 1716: 1665: 1598: 1368: 1276: 1199: 1179: 1150: 1146: 1094: 1091:1948 Liberal Party leadership convention 1033: 979:that helped lead to the founding of the 966: 851: 760: 719:1956 debate on the Trans-Canada Pipeline 655:. In September 1946, St. Laurent became 264:Acting: July 1, 1948 – September 9, 1948 5252:Ministers of External Affairs (1983–95) 3282:Secretary of State for External Affairs 3043:. Don Mills, Ontario: Longmans Canada. 3011: 2758: 2687: 2631: 2592: 1936: 1744: 1578:in Canadian federal political history. 1426:British North America (No. 2) Act, 1949 1418:Judicial Committee of the Privy Council 1212:(right), and Canadian foreign minister 1013:secretary of state for external affairs 990:In September 1945, Soviet cipher clerk 657:secretary of state for external affairs 532: 1908; died 1966) 347:Secretary of State for External Affairs 14: 6798:Leaders of the Liberal Party of Canada 6785: 6518:1999, as Newsmaker of the 20th Century 2525:Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples 2509: 2475: 2453: 2328: 2037:Wilson-Smith, Anthony (June 5, 2021). 1853:Electoral history of Louis St. Laurent 975:St. Laurent represented Canada at the 916: 6125: 5777: 5397: 5100: 4736: 3913: 3697: 3471: 3412:Leader of the Liberal Party of Canada 3226: 2959:Cook, Ramsay; Bélanger, Réal (2007). 2308: 1709:on July 6, 1967. His citation reads: 1631:(22 December 1949 – 23 December 1973) 773: 729:, the party was narrowly defeated by 619: 6923:Deaths from congestive heart failure 6709:Children lost in residential schools 5293:Ministers of Foreign Affairs (1995–) 2916:Canadian Register of Historic Places 2898:Canadian Register of Historic Places 2599:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. 2574: 2568: 2240:"Uncle Louis (Papa Louis in Quebec)" 2123:. City of Ottawa. November 28, 2017. 1584:Co-operative Commonwealth Federation 717:. However, his decision to rush the 6818:Canadian Bar Association Presidents 3080:American Review of Canadian Studies 2659:Bradburn, Jamie (October 7, 2019). 2056: 1846: 1551:Progressive Conservative (PC) Party 1516:Defeat in the 1957 federal election 1468:In 1953, St. Laurent undertook the 778:) was born on February 1, 1882, in 24: 6918:Academic staff of Université Laval 6873:Leaders of the Opposition (Canada) 3107:Pickersgill, John Whitney (1975). 2329:Boothe, Katherine (January 2015). 2016: 1625:(22 December 1949 – 23 March 1970) 1526: 1272: 1230:North Atlantic Treaty Organization 1064:North Atlantic Treaty Organization 820:St. Laurent received degrees from 699:registered retirement savings plan 25: 6944: 6853:Companions of the Order of Canada 3154: 2180:"The United Nations Organization" 1919:The Forked Road: Canada 1939–1957 1894:List of prime ministers of Canada 1364: 1208:(left), British foreign minister 1195: 1099:Louis St. Laurent, August 7, 1948 1029: 6759: 6747: 4047: 3893: 3884: 3883: 3167:Dictionary of Canadian Biography 1965:Dictionary of Canadian Biography 1878: 1864: 1803:National Historic Site of Canada 1662:Retirement and death (1957–1973) 1637:(1 July 1954 – 23 December 1973) 822:Séminaire Saint-Charles-Borromée 631:Born and raised in southeastern 585: 560:Séminaire Saint-Charles-Borromée 5425:Presidents of the Privy Council 2922: 2904: 2886: 2872: 2839: 2814: 2733: 2708: 2681: 2652: 2625: 2447: 2422: 2397: 2376: 2367: 2358: 2349: 2335:. University of Toronto Press. 2322: 2283: 2270: 2232: 2207: 2198: 2139: 2109: 1764:Canadian author and professor, 1241:between Great Britain, France, 529: 131:The Viscount Alexander of Tunis 6878:Quebec people of Irish descent 6153:Canadian Newsmaker of the Year 3355:President of the Privy Council 2854:. U of Toronto Press. p. 2084: 2065:"Dupus blocks release of Thaw" 2030: 1978: 1911: 1522:1957 Canadian federal election 1328: 1251:United Nations Emergency Force 1166:Progressive Conservative Party 899:) rights. He was in favour of 790:, and Mary Anne Broderick, an 659:and served in that post until 13: 1: 6823:20th-century Canadian lawyers 4669: 4646: 4633:Institut canadien de Montréal 4623: 3955:Affiliated provincial parties 3136:. Toronto: Macmillan Canada. 3040:Mr. Prime Minister, 1867-1964 2632:McMahon, Patricia I. (2009). 1961:"Louis St. Laurent biography" 1899: 1735:Saint Thomas d'Aquin Cemetery 1588:Social Credit Party of Canada 1453:In 1952, St. Laurent advised 1420:of Great Britain, making the 1216:(far right) in Ottawa in 1954 1105:Liberal leadership convention 977:1945 San Francisco Conference 856:St. Laurent as a lawyer, 1936 495:Saint Thomas d'Aquin Cemetery 69: 5128:Ministers of Foreign Affairs 4722:National Liberal Progressive 2072:. August 28, 1913. p. 1 1904: 1733:, aged 91 and was buried at 1657:(1 March 1956 – 8 July 1957) 1629:Joseph Honoré Gérald Fauteux 1586:(CCF) and their 25 seats or 1119:St. Laurent was sworn in as 1006:Minister of external affairs 912:Cabinet minister (1942–1948) 904:schools for non-Christians. 670:in the federal elections of 7: 6803:Liberal Party of Canada MPs 6184:William Lyon Mackenzie King 3986:Formerly affiliated parties 3454:1942 – 1958 3416:1948 – 1958 3405:William Lyon Mackenzie King 3329:William Lyon Mackenzie King 3286:1946 – 1948 3275:William Lyon Mackenzie King 3259:1941 – 1946 3214:20th Century Press Archives 3205:Library and Archives Canada 3172:University of Toronto Press 3134:Louis St. Laurent, Canadian 3115:University of Toronto Press 2967:University of Toronto Press 2930:"Edmonton Catholic Schools" 2080:– via Newspapers.com. 1857: 1498:Canadian Arctic Archipelago 1461:as the first Canadian-born 958:Conscription Crisis of 1944 938:Conscription Crisis of 1917 926:William Lyon Mackenzie King 645:William Lyon Mackenzie King 210:Leader of the Liberal Party 10: 6949: 6697:Front-line workers in the 3132:Thompson, Dale C. (1967). 3074:Mackenzie, Hector (2007). 2987:; Hillmer, Norman (1999). 2985:Granatstein, Jack Lawrence 2951: 2919:. Retrieved 7 April 2012. 2901:. Retrieved 7 April 2012. 1850: 1595:Supreme Court appointments 1564: 1530: 1519: 1480:to two communities in the 1142:Federal election victories 1115:Prime Minister (1948–1957) 1070:Annexation of Newfoundland 250:Attorney General of Canada 6793:Prime ministers of Canada 6742: 6159: 5811: 5431: 5292: 5251: 5134: 4770: 4689: 4656: 4639: 4605: 4392: 4362: 4286: 4279: 4205: 4159: 4063: 4056: 4045: 3985: 3967:Newfoundland and Labrador 3954: 3947: 3879: 3731: 3725:Prime ministers of Canada 3513: 3456: 3443: 3435: 3428: 3418: 3409: 3401: 3396: 3386: 3377: 3371: 3361: 3352: 3342: 3333: 3325: 3315: 3306: 3298: 3288: 3279: 3271: 3261: 3252: 3243: 3238: 3233: 3228:Links to related articles 3196:Louis St. Laurent's Grave 3092:10.1080/02722010709481812 2911:Louis S. St-Laurent House 2846:Gordon Robertson (2000). 2741:"St-Laurent returns home" 2593:McGrath, Melanie (2006). 1702:, a newly created award. 1603:Statue on grounds of the 1359:1956 Hungarian Revolution 826: 745:. According to historian 735:Progressive Conservatives 600:Louis Stephen St. Laurent 593: 581: 573: 550: 539: 511: 501: 490: 473: 449: 444: 440: 428: 416: 405: 393: 383: 373: 363: 352: 345: 335: 323: 313: 302: 290: 278: 268: 255: 246: 236: 226: 215: 208: 196: 186: 175: 168: 156: 144: 123: 102: 91: 83: 79: 61: 34: 6928:People of the Korean War 6898:Canadian Roman Catholics 6893:Anglophone Quebec people 6828:Canadian anti-communists 6719:Canada convoy protesters 3638:Robert Wellington Mayhew 3533:Frederick Gordon Bradley 3397:Party political offices 3380:Leader of the Opposition 3336:Prime Minister of Canada 3186:Order of Canada citation 2134:Cook & Bélanger 2007 2011:Cook & Bélanger 2007 1822:Louis St. Laurent School 1809:CCGS Louis S. St-Laurent 1776:CCGS Louis S. St-Laurent 1721:St. Laurent's grave site 1676:leader of the Opposition 1674:After a short period as 1488:). The relocation was a 1132:Prime Minister of Canada 1121:prime minister of Canada 1076:Dominion of Newfoundland 874:Canadian Bar Association 848:Legal career (1905–1942) 626:prime minister of Canada 454:Louis Stephen St-Laurent 170:Leader of the Opposition 86:Prime Minister of Canada 6858:Université Laval alumni 6843:Canadian King's Counsel 3941:Liberal Party of Canada 3673:Wishart McLea Robertson 3563:James Garfield Gardiner 3201:Louis St. Laurent fonds 1816:Heavy Arctic Icebreaker 1755:Robert Gordon Robertson 1612:Supreme Court of Canada 1605:Supreme Court of Canada 1422:Supreme Court of Canada 807:Liberal Party of Canada 637:Liberal Party of Canada 6833:People of the Cold War 4393:Parliamentary election 4011:North-West Territories 3618:William Ross Macdonald 3319:Stuart Sinclair Garson 2070:The Buffalo Commercial 1818:, is named after him. 1779: 1722: 1715: 1671: 1635:Douglas Charles Abbott 1623:John Robert Cartwright 1607: 1470:High Arctic relocation 1412:Other domestic affairs 1374: 1282: 1217: 1156: 1100: 1039: 972: 857: 766: 4697:Liberal Protectionist 3628:George Carlyle Marler 3623:James Angus MacKinnon 2219:University of Toronto 1774: 1720: 1711: 1685:leadership convention 1669: 1647:under Prime Minister 1602: 1482:Northwest Territories 1387:Trans-Canada Pipeline 1372: 1357:, in the wake of the 1312:equalization payments 1280: 1203: 1186:1953 federal election 1180:1953 federal election 1174:1940 federal election 1161:1949 federal election 1154: 1147:1949 federal election 1098: 1037: 1020:University of Toronto 970: 962:Members of Parliament 855: 842:Jean-Paul St. Laurent 775:[lwisɛ̃lɔʁɑ̃] 771:French pronunciation: 764: 715:1957 federal election 711:Trans-Canada Pipeline 643:under Prime Minister 621:[lwisɛ̃lɔʁɑ̃] 6688:Jody Wilson-Raybould 6574:The Canadian Soldier 4207:Leadership elections 3977:Prince Edward Island 3446:Member of Parliament 3430:Parliament of Canada 2997:. pp. 114–126. 2882:. 1999. p. 126. 2151:Government of Canada 2096:Government of Canada 1813:Canadian Coast Guard 1745:Legacy and memorials 1494:disputed territorial 1379:Trans-Canada Highway 1080:government of Quebec 751:Canadian nationalist 703:Trans-Canada Highway 668:majority governments 395:Member of Parliament 379:W. 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Pearson 3387:Succeeded by 3362:Succeeded by 3343:Succeeded by 3316:Succeeded by 3292:Lester B. Pearson 3289:Succeeded by 3262:Succeeded by 3247:Joseph E. Michaud 2766:"Order of Canada" 2606:978-0-307-53786-7 2561:978-0-7735-2258-9 2186:. January 6, 2022 2117:"Prime Ministers" 1788:J. L. Granatstein 1687:in January 1958. 1683:, at the party's 1681:Lester B. Pearson 1402:Dwight Eisenhower 1281:St. Laurent, 1950 1259:Nobel Peace Prize 1206:Winston Churchill 1045:Lester B. Pearson 930:Quebec lieutenant 784:Eastern Townships 597: 596: 497:, Compton, Quebec 389:Lester B. Pearson 242:Lester B. Pearson 203:Lester B. 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Trudeau 1 4271: 4201: 4155: 4052: 4039: 3981: 3948:Related parties 3943: 3938: 3908: 3903: 3875: 3727: 3722: 3692: 3687: 3668:Édouard Rinfret 3633:Paul Martin Sr. 3603:Hugues Lapointe 3543:Lionel Chevrier 3528:Ernest Bertrand 3509: 3496: 3462: 3460:Yvon-Roma Tassé 3453: 3441: 3439:Ernest Lapointe 3424: 3415: 3407: 3392: 3383: 3375: 3367: 3365:Lionel Chevrier 3358: 3348: 3339: 3331: 3321: 3312: 3304: 3294: 3285: 3277: 3267: 3258: 3250: 3229: 3160: 3157: 3152: 3125: 3051: 3027: 3013:Hamelin, Marcel 3005: 2977: 2954: 2949: 2948: 2938: 2936: 2928: 2927: 2923: 2909: 2905: 2891: 2887: 2878: 2877: 2873: 2866: 2844: 2840: 2830: 2828: 2820: 2819: 2815: 2805: 2803: 2790: 2789: 2785: 2775: 2773: 2772:on June 9, 2012 2764: 2763: 2759: 2749: 2747: 2739: 2738: 2734: 2724: 2722: 2714: 2713: 2709: 2702: 2686: 2682: 2669: 2667: 2657: 2653: 2646: 2630: 2626: 2618: 2614: 2607: 2591: 2587: 2573: 2569: 2562: 2546: 2542: 2535: 2520: 2514: 2510: 2500: 2498: 2496: 2480: 2476: 2466: 2464: 2452: 2448: 2438: 2436: 2428: 2427: 2423: 2413: 2411: 2403: 2402: 2398: 2388: 2386: 2382: 2381: 2377: 2372: 2368: 2363: 2359: 2354: 2350: 2343: 2327: 2323: 2318: 2309: 2299: 2297: 2289: 2288: 2284: 2280:(1980) pp 58–62 2275: 2271: 2263: 2259: 2249: 2247: 2238: 2237: 2233: 2223: 2221: 2213: 2212: 2208: 2203: 2199: 2189: 2187: 2178: 2177: 2168: 2155: 2153: 2145: 2144: 2140: 2132: 2128: 2115: 2114: 2110: 2100: 2098: 2090: 2089: 2085: 2075: 2073: 2062: 2061: 2057: 2047: 2045: 2035: 2031: 2022: 2021: 2017: 2009: 2005: 1995: 1993: 1984: 1983: 1979: 1969: 1967: 1959: 1958: 1937: 1929: 1925: 1916: 1912: 1907: 1902: 1886:Politics portal 1884: 1877: 1870: 1865: 1863: 1860: 1855: 1849: 1766:Robert Bothwell 1751:post-WW2 Canada 1747: 1739:Compton, Quebec 1707:Order of Canada 1700:Order of Canada 1664: 1651:, 20 July 1935) 1649:Richard Bennett 1597: 1567: 1547:C. D. Howe 1539:Pipeline Debate 1535: 1533:Pipeline Debate 1529: 1527:Pipeline Debate 1524: 1518: 1510:Melanie McGrath 1508:, published by 1448:Communist Party 1433:two referendums 1414: 1398:Harry S. Truman 1385:(1954) and the 1367: 1331: 1275: 1273:Economic policy 1267:Dale C. Thomson 1198: 1182: 1149: 1144: 1136:24 Sussex Drive 1125:Wilfrid Laurier 1117: 1093: 1072: 1032: 1008: 996:Gouzenko Affair 934:Ernest Lapointe 919: 914: 850: 811:Wilfrid Laurier 788:French Canadian 780:Compton, Quebec 770: 759: 743:post-war Canada 683:French Canadian 661:two years later 616: 602: 569: 535: 527: 523: 520: 502:Political party 482: 478: 467:Compton, Quebec 465: 459: 457: 456: 455: 435:Yvon-Roma Tassé 429: 423:Ernest Lapointe 417: 411: 406: 397: 384: 374: 364: 358: 353: 336: 324: 314: 308: 303: 291: 279: 269: 263: 261: 256: 249: 237: 227: 221: 216: 197: 187: 181: 176: 157: 145: 140: 119: 97: 92: 75: 72: 57: 44: 42: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6946: 6936: 6935: 6930: 6925: 6920: 6915: 6910: 6905: 6900: 6895: 6890: 6885: 6880: 6875: 6870: 6865: 6860: 6855: 6850: 6845: 6840: 6835: 6830: 6825: 6820: 6815: 6810: 6805: 6800: 6795: 6778: 6777: 6772: 6771: 6769: 6768: 6756: 6743: 6740: 6739: 6737: 6736: 6735: 6734: 6726: 6725: 6724: 6716: 6715: 6714: 6706: 6705: 6704: 6695: 6694: 6693: 6685: 6684: 6683: 6675: 6674: 6673: 6665: 6664: 6663: 6658:Justin Trudeau 6655: 6654: 6653: 6648:Nathan Cirillo 6641: 6640: 6639: 6631: 6630: 6629: 6621: 6620: 6619: 6611: 6610: 6609: 6601: 6600: 6599: 6594:Stephen Harper 6591: 6590: 6589: 6581: 6580: 6579: 6571: 6570: 6569: 6561: 6560: 6559: 6551: 6550: 6549: 6541: 6540: 6539: 6531: 6530: 6529: 6524:Pierre Trudeau 6521: 6520: 6519: 6514:Pierre Trudeau 6511: 6510: 6509: 6501: 6500: 6499: 6491: 6490: 6489: 6484:Donovan Bailey 6481: 6480: 6479: 6471: 6470: 6469: 6461: 6460: 6459: 6451: 6450: 6449: 6441: 6440: 6439: 6434:Brian Mulroney 6431: 6430: 6429: 6421: 6420: 6419: 6414:Michael Wilson 6411: 6410: 6409: 6401: 6400: 6399: 6391: 6390: 6389: 6381: 6380: 6379: 6374:Brian Mulroney 6371: 6370: 6369: 6361: 6360: 6359: 6351: 6350: 6349: 6341: 6340: 6339: 6334:Pierre Trudeau 6331: 6330: 6329: 6321: 6320: 6319: 6314:Pierre Trudeau 6311: 6310: 6309: 6301: 6300: 6299: 6291: 6290: 6289: 6281: 6280: 6279: 6271: 6270: 6269: 6261: 6260: 6259: 6251: 6250: 6249: 6244:Joey Smallwood 6241: 6240: 6239: 6231: 6230: 6229: 6221: 6220: 6219: 6211: 6210: 6209: 6201: 6200: 6199: 6191: 6190: 6189: 6181: 6180: 6179: 6171: 6170: 6169: 6160: 6157: 6156: 6149: 6148: 6141: 6134: 6126: 6117: 6116: 6114: 6113: 6108: 6103: 6098: 6093: 6088: 6083: 6078: 6073: 6068: 6063: 6058: 6053: 6048: 6043: 6038: 6033: 6028: 6023: 6018: 6013: 6008: 6003: 5998: 5993: 5988: 5983: 5978: 5973: 5968: 5963: 5958: 5953: 5948: 5943: 5938: 5933: 5928: 5923: 5918: 5913: 5908: 5903: 5898: 5893: 5888: 5883: 5878: 5873: 5868: 5863: 5858: 5853: 5848: 5843: 5838: 5833: 5828: 5823: 5818: 5812: 5809: 5808: 5801: 5800: 5793: 5786: 5778: 5769: 5768: 5766: 5765: 5760: 5755: 5750: 5745: 5740: 5735: 5730: 5725: 5720: 5715: 5710: 5705: 5700: 5695: 5690: 5685: 5680: 5675: 5670: 5665: 5660: 5655: 5650: 5645: 5640: 5635: 5630: 5624: 5618: 5613: 5608: 5603: 5598: 5593: 5588: 5583: 5578: 5573: 5568: 5563: 5558: 5553: 5548: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5528: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5503: 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4709: 4707:Liberal–Labour 4704: 4699: 4693: 4691: 4687: 4686: 4684: 4683: 4676: 4663: 4653: 4641:Parti canadien 4636: 4630: 4617: 4611: 4609: 4603: 4602: 4600: 4599: 4594: 4589: 4584: 4579: 4574: 4569: 4564: 4559: 4554: 4549: 4544: 4539: 4534: 4529: 4524: 4519: 4514: 4509: 4504: 4499: 4494: 4489: 4484: 4479: 4474: 4469: 4464: 4459: 4454: 4449: 4444: 4439: 4434: 4429: 4424: 4419: 4414: 4409: 4404: 4398: 4396: 4390: 4389: 4386: 4385: 4383: 4382: 4377: 4372: 4366: 4364: 4360: 4359: 4357: 4356: 4351: 4346: 4341: 4336: 4331: 4326: 4321: 4316: 4311: 4306: 4301: 4296: 4290: 4288: 4281: 4277: 4276: 4273: 4272: 4270: 4269: 4264: 4259: 4254: 4249: 4244: 4239: 4232: 4227: 4222: 4217: 4211: 4209: 4203: 4202: 4200: 4199: 4194: 4189: 4184: 4179: 4174: 4169: 4163: 4161: 4160:Deputy Leaders 4157: 4156: 4154: 4153: 4148: 4143: 4138: 4133: 4128: 4123: 4118: 4113: 4108: 4103: 4098: 4093: 4088: 4083: 4078: 4073: 4067: 4065: 4058: 4054: 4053: 4046: 4044: 4041: 4040: 4038: 4037: 4032: 4026: 4020: 4014: 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E. Trudeau 4109: 4107: 4104: 4102: 4099: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4089: 4087: 4084: 4082: 4079: 4077: 4074: 4072: 4069: 4068: 4066: 4062: 4059: 4055: 4050: 4036: 4033: 4030: 4027: 4024: 4021: 4018: 4015: 4012: 4009: 4006: 4003: 4000: 3997: 3994: 3991: 3990: 3988: 3984: 3978: 3975: 3973: 3970: 3968: 3965: 3963: 3962:New Brunswick 3960: 3959: 3957: 3953: 3950: 3946: 3942: 3935: 3930: 3928: 3923: 3921: 3916: 3915: 3912: 3900: 3892: 3890: 3882: 3881: 3878: 3872: 3869: 3867: 3864: 3862: 3859: 3857: 3854: 3852: 3849: 3847: 3844: 3842: 3839: 3837: 3836:P. E. Trudeau 3834: 3832: 3829: 3827: 3826:P. E. Trudeau 3824: 3822: 3819: 3817: 3814: 3812: 3809: 3807: 3804: 3802: 3799: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3789: 3787: 3784: 3782: 3779: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3769: 3767: 3764: 3762: 3759: 3757: 3754: 3752: 3749: 3747: 3744: 3742: 3739: 3737: 3734: 3733: 3730: 3726: 3719: 3714: 3712: 3707: 3705: 3700: 3699: 3696: 3684: 3681: 3679: 3676: 3674: 3671: 3669: 3666: 3664: 3661: 3659: 3656: 3654: 3651: 3649: 3646: 3644: 3641: 3639: 3636: 3634: 3631: 3629: 3626: 3624: 3621: 3619: 3616: 3614: 3611: 3609: 3606: 3604: 3601: 3599: 3596: 3594: 3591: 3589: 3586: 3584: 3583:Walter Harris 3581: 3579: 3576: 3574: 3571: 3569: 3568:Stuart Garson 3566: 3564: 3561: 3559: 3556: 3554: 3551: 3549: 3546: 3544: 3541: 3539: 3538:Ralph Campney 3536: 3534: 3531: 3529: 3526: 3524: 3521: 3520: 3519: 3518: 3512: 3507: 3504: 3500: 3493: 3488: 3486: 3481: 3479: 3474: 3473: 3470: 3461: 3452: 3451: 3447: 3440: 3434: 3431: 3427: 3423: 3414: 3413: 3406: 3400: 3395: 3391: 3382: 3381: 3370: 3366: 3357: 3356: 3351: 3347: 3338: 3337: 3330: 3324: 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1736: 1732: 1728: 1719: 1714: 1710: 1708: 1703: 1701: 1695: 1693: 1688: 1686: 1682: 1677: 1668: 1656: 1653: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1639: 1636: 1633: 1630: 1627: 1624: 1621: 1620: 1619: 1617: 1613: 1606: 1601: 1592: 1589: 1585: 1579: 1577: 1573: 1572:1957 election 1562: 1560: 1559:1957 election 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1534: 1523: 1513: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1466: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1451: 1449: 1444: 1442: 1441:Confederation 1438: 1434: 1429: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1409: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1394:United States 1390: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1371: 1362: 1360: 1356: 1351: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1336: 1326: 1324: 1319: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1303: 1301: 1297: 1296:Tommy Douglas 1293: 1289: 1279: 1270: 1268: 1262: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1235: 1231: 1226: 1223: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1202: 1193: 1191: 1187: 1177: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1162: 1153: 1139: 1137: 1133: 1128: 1126: 1122: 1112: 1110: 1109:became leader 1106: 1097: 1088: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1067: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1052: 1050: 1046: 1036: 1027: 1025: 1021: 1016: 1014: 1003: 1001: 997: 993: 992:Igor Gouzenko 988: 984: 982: 978: 969: 965: 963: 959: 956:in 1944 (see 955: 951: 947: 943: 939: 935: 931: 927: 924: 909: 905: 902: 898: 894: 893:Supreme Court 890: 886: 882: 877: 875: 871: 867: 863: 854: 845: 843: 839: 835: 829: 823: 818: 816: 815:1896 election 812: 808: 803: 801: 797: 793: 789: 785: 781: 776: 763: 754: 752: 748: 744: 740: 736: 732: 728: 724: 720: 716: 712: 708: 704: 700: 696: 692: 688: 684: 679: 677: 673: 669: 666: 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 642: 638: 634: 629: 627: 622: 613: 609: 605: 601: 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 572: 566: 563: 561: 558: 557: 555: 553: 549: 546: 543:5, including 542: 538: 519: 514: 510: 507: 504: 500: 496: 493: 491:Resting place 489: 485: 477:July 25, 1973 476: 472: 468: 452: 448: 443: 439: 436: 433: 427: 424: 421: 415: 409: 404: 401: 396: 392: 388: 382: 378: 372: 368: 362: 356: 351: 348: 344: 340: 334: 331: 328: 322: 318: 312: 306: 301: 298: 297:Stuart Garson 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Macdonald 5580: 5186: 4918: 4908: 4678: 4607:Predecessors 4234: 4100: 4029:Saskatchewan 3810: 3588:Paul Hellyer 3516: 3515: 3505: 3444: 3410: 3378: 3353: 3334: 3307: 3302:James Ilsley 3280: 3265:James Ilsley 3253: 3174:. 1979–2016. 3165: 3133: 3109: 3083: 3079: 3039: 3016: 2989: 2961: 2937:. Retrieved 2934:www.ecsd.net 2933: 2924: 2914: 2906: 2896: 2888: 2879: 2874: 2849: 2841: 2829:. Retrieved 2825: 2816: 2804:. Retrieved 2800:the original 2796:Parks Canada 2795: 2786: 2774:. Retrieved 2770:the original 2760: 2748:. Retrieved 2744: 2735: 2723:. Retrieved 2719: 2710: 2690: 2683: 2675: 2668:. Retrieved 2664: 2654: 2634: 2627: 2615: 2595: 2588: 2580: 2576: 2570: 2550: 2543: 2511: 2499:. Retrieved 2484: 2477: 2465:. Retrieved 2461: 2449: 2437:. Retrieved 2433: 2424: 2414:November 20, 2412:. Retrieved 2409:Parks Canada 2408: 2399: 2387:. Retrieved 2384:"Britannica" 2378: 2369: 2360: 2351: 2331: 2324: 2298:. Retrieved 2294: 2285: 2277: 2272: 2260: 2248:. Retrieved 2243: 2234: 2222:. 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Retrieved 1964: 1926: 1918: 1913: 1839:The riding, 1838: 1820: 1807: 1800: 1795: 1781: 1763: 1748: 1724: 1712: 1704: 1696: 1689: 1673: 1609: 1580: 1568: 1536: 1505: 1467: 1452: 1445: 1430: 1415: 1391: 1381:(1949), the 1376: 1352: 1332: 1320: 1304: 1299: 1291: 1284: 1263: 1255:peacekeeping 1227: 1222:middle power 1219: 1210:Anthony Eden 1183: 1158: 1129: 1118: 1102: 1073: 1060:Soviet Union 1053: 1041: 1017: 1009: 989: 985: 974: 954:conscription 920: 906: 878: 859: 819: 804: 768: 721:by invoking 680: 630: 599: 598: 479:(1973-07-25) 430:Succeeded by 407: 385:Succeeded by 354: 337:Succeeded by 304: 292:Succeeded by 257: 238:Succeeded by 217: 198:Succeeded by 177: 158:Succeeded by 115:Elizabeth II 93: 29: 6868:1973 deaths 6863:1882 births 6668:Gord Downie 6614:Jack Layton 6564:John Gomery 6554:Paul Martin 6404:Ben Johnson 6394:Rick Hansen 6384:Steve Fonyo 6254:James Coyne 5951:Diefenbaker 5941:St. Laurent 5936:Diefenbaker 5678:Mazankowski 5596:Diefenbaker 5207:Diefenbaker 5197:Diefenbaker 5187:St. Laurent 4919:St. Laurent 4909:St. Laurent 4842:Fitzpatrick 4673: 1830 4658:Parti rouge 4650: 1800 4627: 1850 4620:Clear Grits 4319:St. Laurent 4287:Governments 4101:St. Laurent 4031:(1905–2009) 4025:(1867–1964) 4019:(1867–1976) 4013:(1898–1905) 4001:(1903–1987) 3995:(1905–1976) 3972:Nova Scotia 3816:Diefenbaker 3811:St. Laurent 3658:Roch Pinard 3608:Jean Lesage 3598:Joseph Jean 3553:Alcide Côté 3450:Quebec East 3113:. Toronto: 2993:. Toronto: 2965:. Toronto: 2939:October 13, 2831:October 14, 2750:November 2, 2725:October 14, 2467:January 18, 2439:October 12, 2389:October 15, 2300:January 16, 2250:January 16, 2224:December 9, 2190:January 18, 2156:December 7, 2101:December 7, 2048:December 9, 1996:December 2, 1970:November 5, 1727:Quebec City 1582:either the 1472:, where 92 1457:to appoint 1335:immigration 1329:Immigration 1239:Suez Crisis 1170:George Drew 1049:Suez Crisis 950:Quebec East 942:World War I 681:The second 653:Quebec East 484:Quebec City 418:Preceded by 400:Quebec East 375:Preceded by 325:Preceded by 280:Preceded by 228:Preceded by 188:Preceded by 146:Preceded by 73: 1948 6787:Categories 5601:Lamontagne 5581:St-Laurent 5466:Huntington 4847:Aylesworth 4395:candidates 4354:J. Trudeau 4151:J. Trudeau 4007:(1870–WW1) 3871:J. Trudeau 3593:C. D. Howe 3384:1957–1958 3359:1948–1957 3340:1948–1957 3142:B0006BU0YE 2670:October 8, 2579:. London. 2523:(Report). 1921:(1976) 159 1900:References 1836:, Quebec. 1834:East Angus 1348:Portuguese 1253:(UNEF) or 1234:Korean War 908:declined. 866:commercial 695:Korean War 574:Profession 552:Alma mater 460:1882-02-01 6672:2016–2017 6598:2008–2009 6558:2003–2004 6398:1986–1987 6378:1983–1984 6358:1980–1981 6354:Terry Fox 6344:Joe Clark 6328:1976–1977 6318:1968–1975 6278:1963–1964 6238:1957–1960 6228:1955–1956 6208:1950–1953 6111:Poilievre 6071:Ignatieff 5961:Stanfield 5826:Mackenzie 5821:Macdonald 5816:Mackenzie 5708:Robillard 5673:Hnatyshyn 5648:MacEachen 5638:MacEachen 5627:MacEachen 5606:McIlraith 5501:Macdonald 5373:Champagne 5358:Nicholson 5320:Pettigrew 5274:McDougall 5259:MacEachen 5243:MacGuigan 5238:MacDonald 5228:MacEachen 5066:Nicholson 5015:Hnatyshyn 5000:MacGuigan 4949:McIlraith 4878:Patenaude 4775:Macdonald 4666:Reformers 4662:(1848–61) 4635:(1844–80) 4294:Mackenzie 4192:Ignatieff 4187:Robillard 4141:Ignatieff 4076:Mackenzie 3746:Macdonald 3741:Mackenzie 3736:Macdonald 3508:(1948–57) 3100:145650411 3067:25592986M 2806:March 11, 2121:ottawa.ca 1905:Citations 1557:, in the 1553:, led by 1537:The 1956 1512:in 2006. 1502:privation 1058:from the 1056:communism 1000:espionage 897:Christian 862:corporate 796:bilingual 687:communism 665:landslide 582:Signature 545:Jean-Paul 408:In office 355:In office 305:In office 258:In office 218:In office 178:In office 110:George VI 94:In office 6634:Rob Ford 6041:Reynolds 6016:Gauthier 6006:Bouchard 6001:Chrétien 5986:Mulroney 5856:McKenzie 5733:Penashue 5718:Van Loan 5629:(acting) 5623:(acting) 5586:Chevrier 5491:Mousseau 5481:O'Connor 5461:McDonald 5456:O'Connor 5368:Freeland 5353:(Acting) 5305:Axworthy 5264:Chrétien 5233:Jamieson 5209:(acting) 5046:McLellan 5031:Campbell 5022:(acting) 5005:Johnston 4995:Chrétien 4951:(acting) 4939:Chevrier 4905:(acting) 4898:Lapointe 4883:Lapointe 4874:(acting) 4867:Lapointe 4823:(acting) 4811:Thompson 4806:Campbell 4801:Laflamme 4791:Fournier 4787:(acting) 4344:Chrétien 4280:Cabinets 4182:McLellan 4121:Chrétien 4091:McKenzie 4005:Manitoba 3889:Category 3856:Chrétien 3851:Campbell 3846:Mulroney 3756:Thompson 3249:(acting) 3037:(1964). 3015:(1969). 2776:April 8, 2501:April 8, 2244:Parli.ca 1858:See also 1826:Edmonton 1340:Italians 1288:Medicare 809:and Sir 540:Children 469:, Canada 103:Monarchs 6101:O'Toole 6091:Ambrose 6086:Mulcair 6026:Manning 6021:Duceppe 6011:Duceppe 5981:Nielsen 5971:Trudeau 5946:Pearson 5911:Bracken 5906:Graydon 5891:Bennett 5881:Bennett 5876:Guthrie 5866:Meighen 5851:Laurier 5836:Laurier 5753:LeBlanc 5723:Ambrose 5703:Coderre 5668:Nielsen 5663:Ouellet 5621:Trudeau 5611:Favreau 5571:Bennett 5561:Meighen 5551:Normand 5531:Laurier 5496:McLelan 5471:Cauchon 5378:Garneau 5335:Emerson 5330:Bernier 5300:Ouellet 5284:Ouellet 5192:Pearson 5177:Bennett 5167:Meighen 5157:Meighen 5081:Lametti 5051:Cauchon 5010:Crosbie 4985:Lalonde 4975:Basford 4960:Trudeau 4944:Favreau 4934:Fleming 4903:Michaud 4888:Guthrie 4872:Guthrie 4857:Bennett 4852:Doherty 4615:History 4324:Pearson 4299:Laurier 4197:Goodale 4106:Pearson 4086:Laurier 4064:Leaders 4017:Ontario 3993:Alberta 3821:Pearson 3801:Bennett 3791:Meighen 3781:Meighen 3771:Laurier 3499:Cabinet 3216:of the 3212:in the 3059:5024890 2952:Sources 2076:May 29, 1830:Alberta 1614:by the 1565:Results 1543:closure 1486:Nunavut 1355:Hungary 1290:termed 940:during 723:closure 617:French: 534: 526: 522: 506:Liberal 6106:Bergen 6096:Scheer 6081:Turmel 6076:Layton 6061:Graham 6056:Harper 6046:Harper 5991:Turner 5901:Hanson 5896:Manion 5846:Borden 5841:Tupper 5763:Sajjan 5743:Monsef 5728:Verner 5658:Pinard 5616:Gordon 5591:Dorion 5546:Calder 5541:Rowell 5536:Borden 5526:Angers 5521:Bowell 5511:Abbott 5486:Masson 5451:Tupper 5340:Cannon 5325:MacKay 5315:Graham 5310:Manley 5279:Beatty 5218:Martin 5152:Borden 5142:Murphy 5086:Virani 5071:MacKay 5056:Cotler 4965:Turner 4955:Cardin 4929:Fulton 4924:Garson 4914:Ilsley 4827:Dickey 4816:Tupper 4780:Dorion 4349:Martin 4339:Turner 4304:King 1 4177:Manley 4131:Graham 4126:Martin 4116:Turner 4023:Quebec 3866:Harper 3861:Martin 3841:Turner 3776:Borden 3766:Tupper 3761:Bowell 3751:Abbott 3148:online 3140: 3121: 3098: 3065: 3057: 3047: 3023: 3001: 2973: 2862: 2698: 2642: 2603: 2558: 2531: 2492: 2339: 1731:Quebec 1576:upsets 1346:, and 1344:Greeks 1316:Québec 1243:Israel 983:(UN). 901:Jewish 800:brogue 739:ranked 709:, and 649:riding 633:Quebec 577:Lawyer 512:Spouse 5976:Clark 5966:Clark 5956:Starr 5831:Blake 5758:Blair 5748:Gould 5738:Lebel 5713:Chong 5693:Massé 5688:Blais 5683:Clark 5653:Baker 5643:Sharp 5506:Colby 5476:Blake 5446:Kenny 5436:Blair 5345:Baird 5269:Clark 5223:Sharp 5213:Green 5202:Smith 5147:Roche 5061:Toews 5036:Blais 5026:Lewis 5020:Clark 4990:Flynn 4893:Geary 4862:Gouin 4837:Mills 4832:Mowat 4796:Blake 4785:Smith 4167:Copps 4081:Blake 4071:Brown 4035:Yukon 3831:Clark 3313:1948 3096:S2CID 2521:(PDF) 1484:(now 1474:Inuit 1247:Egypt 727:upset 610: 606: 528:( 524: 84:12th 52: 48: 6733:2023 6723:2022 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