2407:
57:
347:
213:
3221:
5656:
441:
5591:
5523:
512:
673:
2802:
5397:
5055:
7275:
862:, during this period. Early in the morning on 6 October a group of protesters entered the palace through an unguarded gate, searching for the queen's bedchamber, they were quickly followed by many and fighting with royal guards flared in the halls and outside the queen's apartments. Marie Antoinette and her ladies barely escaped to the king's bedchamber in front of the violent intruders; the queen was suspicious that d'Orléans had arranged the attempted attack on her. Marie Antoinette's daughter
7265:
7244:
2623:
5621:
5566:
7285:
7255:
981:
889:; but he never regained the same influence that he enjoyed in 1789 prior to his departure. Those who did not support him, as well as people overseas, labeled him as a coward for fleeing to England as a result of accusations against him, calling it a period of "exile." However, he was able to keep his position in the
884:
At first, it was difficult to convince d'Orléans to leave France during these troubling times, but after strong pressure and enticement from
Lafayette, he ended up leaving. Throughout his weeks in exile, he wrote several letters expressing his strong desire to return to France. After spending months
743:
and the majority of lodges in the United States of
America), from 1771 to 1793, even though he did not attend a meeting until 1777. He later distanced himself from Freemasonry in a letter dated January 1793, and the Grand Orient vacated his position on 13 December 1793 (however, Philippe had already
845:
on 5 October 1789, which people believed was done in order to overthrow the King and gain popularity amongst the people. He was accused of funding the riots, as well as calling the rioters his "friends", who were chanting: "Vive Orléans" or "Long live our father, long live King d'Orléans!" The High
788:
During the months leading up to the outbreak of revolutionary violence in July 1789, Philippe d'Orléans undertook several personal actions having the effect of increasing his personal standing amongst the population at large. These included his endorsement of a pamphlet outlining the process to be
779:
to refuse entry only to "drunkards, women in excessively indecent dress, and those in tatters." He built shops and cafés where people could interact, and soon it became a hub for social life in Paris. As the
Parisian police had no authority to enter the Duke's private property, it became a hub for
659:
Orléans returned to Paris claiming the battle had been a resounding victory, and received a hero's welcome. When it transpired that these claims were overstated, that the battle had been more of a draw, Orléans' credibility suffered an unrecoverable blow. He withdrew from the navy and asked the
901:
Due to the liberal ideology that separated
Philippe d'Orléans from the rest of his royal family, he always felt uncomfortable with his name. He felt that the political connotations associated with his name did not match his democratic and Enlightenment philosophies, thus he requested that the
948:, also detested each other. Marie Antoinette hated him for what she viewed as treachery, hypocrisy and selfishness, and he, in turn, scorned her for her frivolous and spendthrift lifestyle. The King's reluctance to grant Philippe a position in the army after the indecisive result at the
944:– the most important personage of the kingdom after the king's immediate family. Therefore, he would be next in line to the throne should the main Bourbon line die out. For this reason, many supposed that Philippe's goal was to take his cousin's throne. Philippe and the King's wife,
921:Égalité also attributed his new surname to the reputation of generosity that he had among the people of France, especially the poor. He was well known for distributing food and money to the poor, as well as providing shelter for homeless during the severe winter of 1788–1789.
555:
wife of
Philippe's father. Passionate at first, the liaison cooled within a few months and, by the spring of 1773, was reported to be "dead". After the romantic affair was over, Madame de Genlis remained in the service of Marie-Adélaïde at the
467:, one of the richest men in France. Since it was certain that his wife would become the richest woman in France upon the death of her father, Louis Philippe was able to play a political role in court equal to that of his great-grandfather
969:, he turned on his word, to the surprise of many. A majority (75 votes) was necessary to indict the King, and an overwhelming number of 394 votes were collected in favor of his death. The King was especially shocked by the news, stating:
56:
652:, on 27 July 1778, the French fleet fought in inverted order, putting the Blue squadron at the vanguard of the French line of battle. During the battle, Orléans' squadron failed to exploit a gap in the British line, allowing the rear of
1012:, who were an enemy of France. Although there was no evidence that convicted Égalité himself of treason, the simple relationship that his son had with Dumouriez, a traitor in the eyes of the Convention, was enough to get him and
599:
In 18th-century France, it was very common for royal princes to receive high positions in the military. From a young age, Philippe d'Orléans displayed his interest in naval matters, and he received three years of training in the
693:
In August 1787 the Duke of Orléans and his secretary
Charles-Louis Ducrest, the brother of Madame de Genlis, came up with proposals to improve the financial situation of France. Philippe d'Orléans became a member of the
784:
claimed that the Palais-Royal was the "birthplace of the
Revolution." Philippe's goal was to create a place where people could meet, which he argued was a crucial part of democracy and a "physical need for civil life."
491:, an annual income of 240,000 livres (later increased to 400,000 livres), as well as lands, titles, residences and furniture. Unlike her husband, the Duchess of Orléans did not support the Revolution. She was a devout
560:, a trusted friend to both the Duke and the Duchess. They both appreciated her intelligence and, in July 1779, she became the governess of the couple's twin daughters (born in 1777). One of his best known lovers was
780:
illegal activity, such as trade in stolen goods, suspicious deals, and the spread of revolutionary ideas. In fact, it was a common place for
Jacobins to meet and discuss their plans and ideas. Many members of the
6743:
7374:
4057:
5720:
6810:
2594:
5419:
212:
3160:
6896:
2726:
2583:
881:. However, it is likely that Lafayette viewed d'Orléans as a threat to his control of the revolutionary politics and that he intended to get Philippe out of the country.
710:. He was interested in creating a more moral and democratic form of government in France. As he grew more and more interested in Rousseau's ideas, he began to promote
17:
6405:
7203:
2406:
7120:
6908:
6872:
5286:
3628:
1930:
McMahon, Darrin M. "THE BIRTHPLACE OF THE REVOLUTION: PUBLIC SPACE AND POLITICAL COMMUNITY IN THE PALAIS-ROYAL OF LOUIS-PHILIPPE-JOSEPH D'ORLÉANS, 1781–1789."
7153:
7144:
499:. This was the causes of one of the rifts of the couple, as their first son, the future "King of the French", followed his father's footsteps and joined the
5660:
7171:
6450:
3153:
7354:
6682:
3772:
6890:
7209:
7012:
7003:
6072:
4973:
4928:
4835:
4782:
4713:
4583:
4557:
4474:
4371:
4298:
1544:
821:, as they comprised the majority of the members in the Estates-General, yet were the most underrepresented. When the Third Estate decided to take the
464:
6929:
6920:
6380:
996:, including Égalité's vote, that condemned anyone with "strong presumptions of complicity with the enemies of Liberty." At the time, Égalité's son,
302:
and one of the wealthiest men in France. He actively supported the
Revolution of 1789, and was a strong advocate for the elimination of the present
7162:
6780:
5608:
7221:
3220:
7129:
6953:
6941:
5668:
3478:
3146:
2929:
1016:
arrested on 4 April 1793, and the other members of the
Bourbon family still in France on the days after. He spent several months incarcerated at
2767:
5461:
2140:
Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans
2060:. In Note: "Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orleans, changed his name to Philippe Égalité to show his support of the French Revolution." Routledge.
544:
7215:
3483:
2934:
5807:
2280:
632:
5603:
5999:
5941:
5730:
3816:
851:
3544:
2454:
1630:
863:
6430:
5787:
5126:
2991:
5553:
6385:
5837:
5740:
3421:
3348:
2839:
2674:
2368:
1486:
1150:
256:
7379:
4007:
3204:
3073:
2986:
640:
6833:
5964:
3635:
2328:
833:
and the Third Estate. In fact, he led his minority group of 47 nobles to secede from their estate and join the National Assembly.
346:
6839:
6733:
5802:
5715:
5176:
870:
5371:
3240:
789:
followed in the setting up of local assemblies, the sale of artwork to provide funds for poor relief and an incident during the
526:
During the first few months of their marriage, the couple appeared devoted to each other, but the Duke went back to the life of
6641:
6415:
6132:
3740:
3384:
1244:
636:
3468:
2919:
2703:
2388:
7394:
5543:
5482:
5440:
5271:
3724:
3442:
3089:
3058:
3017:
2896:
2645:
1057:
890:
826:
781:
452:
153:
117:
6445:
5497:
4049:
3488:
3105:
2940:
7384:
6773:
5906:
5323:
5216:
4140:
2463:
653:
148:
5196:
3374:
2976:
2856:
2680:
2373:
1208:
1074:
359:
244:
191:
6420:
6375:
5548:
4700:
4461:
3716:
5921:
5875:
3063:
3032:
3012:
2760:
2393:
6738:
6728:
5492:
4798:
4448:
3447:
3288:
2902:
2145:
Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living
2086:
1302:
1080:
1013:
385:, five kilometers west of Paris. His older sister, born in 1745, died when she was six months old. His younger sister,
166:
6117:
5328:
5303:
3395:
3320:
1366:
7288:
6112:
5453:
5414:
4960:
4591:
3621:
3572:
3037:
2996:
2197:
2003:
1978:
1953:
1913:
1701:
1656:
903:
873:, who was very influential in France at the time and a supposed "friend" of d'Orléans, suggested to him to go to the
5161:
2348:
2273:
576:
7319:
6107:
6014:
5348:
3824:
3764:
3358:
2816:
1392:
918:), he felt that this name better represented him as a symbol of the French people and what they were fighting for.
628:
6542:
6330:
6257:
3416:
3325:
3115:
2731:
6766:
6483:
6192:
5131:
3593:
3565:
3537:
3314:
2966:
2961:
2709:
2519:
2447:
2333:
775:
in 1792, because he opened up its doors to all people of France, regardless of their estate (class). He employed
643:
635:, in charge of an entire squadron. He commanded the Blue squadron that formed the rear of the French fleet under
6325:
6222:
5812:
4806:
3452:
3309:
2822:
2668:
2600:
2363:
1124:
537:
532:
he had led before his marriage. The Duke was a well-known womanizer and, like several of his ancestors, such as
468:
7389:
7278:
6718:
6320:
6097:
4790:
3928:
3780:
3498:
3068:
3042:
2065:
842:
5725:
2790:
2753:
2662:
2358:
1512:
7339:
6723:
5246:
4721:
4565:
4544:
4482:
4402:
4265:
4000:
3920:
3885:
3473:
2924:
1424:
740:
5156:
5146:
3833:
3353:
2981:
1182:
1005:
933:, Philippe d'Orléans never maintained a positive relationship with his cousin. Upon inheriting the title of
886:
714:
ideas, such as the separation of church and state and limited monarchy. He also advocated and voted against
161:
7258:
6935:
6435:
6122:
6019:
5510:
5487:
5432:
5318:
5261:
4148:
4080:
3493:
3379:
2945:
2507:
1794:
De Luna, Frederick A (Spring 1991), "The Dean Street Style of Revolution: J-P. Brissot, Jeune Philosophe",
1679:
The Duc d'Orleans, Patriot Prince Or Revolutionary? an Investigation into the Chatelet Inquiry of 1789-1790
736:
619:
7349:
7329:
5427:
4230:
3331:
3262:
2266:
417:, First Prince of the Blood, which put him in line for the succession to the throne immediately after the
6537:
6162:
6057:
5936:
5916:
5827:
5756:
5578:
5076:
4843:
4536:
4389:
3877:
2537:
1450:
1017:
440:
363:
248:
201:
6360:
6212:
5226:
5121:
4359:
3235:
3210:
3179:
2313:
2308:
7399:
7359:
7324:
6672:
6227:
5206:
4430:
4379:
4311:
4211:
3995:
3904:
3691:
3530:
3245:
3027:
2525:
2483:
2440:
829:, Philippe was one of the first to join them and was a very important figure in the unification of the
543:
During the summer of 1772, the Duke began his secret liaison with one of his wife's ladies-in-waiting,
6207:
5969:
5101:
3022:
2656:
2353:
2303:
62:
7369:
7334:
6687:
6272:
6004:
5847:
5702:
5505:
5068:
4944:
4867:
4745:
4729:
3198:
1001:
511:
268:
43:
6582:
6127:
5959:
5735:
5116:
3293:
2432:
2237:
959:. He had agreed among close friends that he would vote against his execution, but surrounded by the
612:
378:
371:
238:
84:
7344:
6878:
6851:
6395:
6242:
6197:
5527:
5522:
5266:
5096:
5086:
4899:
4883:
4761:
4676:
4523:
4507:
4410:
4184:
3748:
3389:
3267:
2588:
2577:
672:
5822:
866:
shared the same suspicion later writing that, "he principal project was to assassinate my mother"
386:
6247:
6202:
5911:
5792:
5469:
5291:
4915:
4822:
4490:
4306:
4249:
4164:
3869:
3708:
2561:
2531:
2513:
949:
802:
748:
732:
649:
575:, was a natural daughter of the Duke and the Countess of Genlis. He recognized a son he had with
335:
307:
6252:
6147:
5201:
6790:
6037:
5870:
5474:
5166:
5151:
5024:
4891:
4769:
4515:
4435:
4104:
3979:
3971:
3861:
2555:
2501:
1270:
1033:
956:
727:
722:
677:
568:
6758:
4981:
6994:
6982:
6970:
6947:
6914:
6884:
6577:
5891:
5842:
5777:
5308:
5191:
5181:
5059:
5054:
4952:
4907:
4660:
4607:
4425:
4415:
4354:
4344:
4339:
4096:
3952:
3600:
2651:
2606:
2567:
2489:
2160:
2138:
707:
456:
413:, one of the wealthiest noble families in France. At his father's death, Philippe became the
105:
4636:
3283:
914:, ("equality" in English). As one of the three words in the motto of the French Revolution (
7314:
7309:
7268:
6857:
6516:
6390:
6152:
5974:
5896:
5745:
5353:
5343:
5136:
4851:
4668:
4615:
4420:
4203:
3110:
2543:
2495:
2338:
2215:
1850:
751:. He strongly advocated for France's adoption of a constitutional monarchy rather than the
711:
583:, Victor Leclerc de Buffon (6 September 1792 – 20 April 1812), known as the
460:
398:
6845:
5832:
5313:
5231:
4384:
4329:
8:
6592:
6522:
6370:
6300:
6157:
6137:
6102:
6077:
6009:
5710:
5236:
4620:
4499:
4257:
4169:
3944:
3936:
3912:
3671:
2971:
2571:
2343:
2018:
1780:
993:
966:
907:
548:
418:
252:
225:
6277:
6232:
2776:
480:
410:
367:
181:
7108:
7087:
6052:
5817:
5782:
5633:
5595:
5590:
5338:
5256:
5251:
4997:
4989:
4684:
4644:
4456:
4349:
4113:
4088:
4032:
4015:
3853:
3193:
2549:
2323:
1887:
1811:
878:
323:
7018:
6400:
6217:
5979:
5852:
5409:
5363:
3700:
2639:
2611:
2289:
934:
806:
764:
406:
382:
260:
224:(Louis Philippe Joseph; 13 April 1747 – 6 November 1793), was a French
47:
7364:
6629:
6562:
6552:
6532:
5638:
4936:
4875:
4859:
4652:
3732:
3586:
3553:
2698:
2247:
2225:
2203:
2193:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2099:
2082:
2061:
1999:
1974:
1949:
1909:
1697:
1652:
1009:
972:"It really pains me to see that Monsieur d'Orléans, my kinsman, voted for my death."
822:
752:
661:
608:
303:
287:
229:
140:
88:
6187:
5886:
4176:
4076:
4023:
2801:
847:
817:. Although he was a member of the Second Estate, he felt a strong connection to the
7057:
7048:
7039:
7027:
6827:
6697:
6557:
6350:
6345:
6335:
6067:
5994:
5931:
5901:
5673:
5643:
5538:
5241:
5091:
5016:
4753:
4737:
4692:
4628:
4599:
4394:
4273:
4156:
4121:
3663:
3614:
3607:
3437:
2890:
2692:
2383:
1879:
1803:
1051:
997:
945:
859:
841:
One of the main accusations thrown at Philippe d'Orléans was the initiation of the
445:
402:
319:
264:
6476:
3579:
2241:
6622:
6410:
6087:
6082:
6047:
5797:
5401:
5396:
5298:
5221:
5111:
5081:
4440:
4316:
4041:
3987:
3788:
2219:
2187:
1071:
Françoise d'Orléans Mademoiselle d'Orléans (twin sister of Adélaïde) (1777–1782);
1065:
1054:(6 October 1773 – 26 August 1850), King of the French (1830–1848);
955:
One of the most astounding events occurred when Philippe took a vote in favor of
790:
495:
who supported keeping the monarchy in France, as well as following the orders of
327:
315:
276:
272:
6267:
351:
7248:
7102:
7093:
7033:
6988:
6976:
6692:
6634:
6440:
6262:
6042:
5762:
5625:
5620:
5570:
5565:
5385:
4573:
3807:
3169:
940:
488:
7303:
6706:
6677:
6547:
6365:
6142:
5984:
5880:
5772:
5333:
5276:
2251:
2229:
2207:
2147:] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 90.
2115:
Albert Soboul, Dictionnaire Historique de la Rév. Fr. Paris 1989 (PUF) S. 800
874:
814:
810:
699:
561:
6172:
2021:
The Era of the French Revolution 1715–1815). Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1957.
6713:
6658:
6572:
6527:
6355:
6237:
6029:
5186:
5171:
5141:
1029:
960:
818:
776:
768:
557:
496:
331:
7191:
7114:
6567:
6425:
6315:
6092:
6062:
5211:
4531:
4324:
681:
601:
401:. After his grandfather's death in 1752, Philippe inherited the title of
6665:
1036:
on 6 November, he was sentenced to death, and guillotined the same day.
6471:
6310:
5926:
5281:
3756:
3138:
2183:
1891:
1867:
985:
877:
with the promise that he could potentially become the head of state of
552:
515:
Louis Philippe d'Orléans, as Duke of Chartres, by Sir Joshua Reynolds,
311:
6178:
1815:
1628:
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Orleans, Louis Philippe Joseph, Duke of".
952:
is said to be another reason for Philippe's discontent with the King.
676:
Louis Philippe d'Orléans with the insignia of the grand master of the
472:
370:, a cadet branch of the French royal family. His mother came from the
6305:
5951:
5862:
5445:
4814:
2745:
2462:
2318:
1061:
1044:
The Duke and Duchess of Orléans had six legally-recognized children:
1021:
930:
855:
805:
by three districts: by the nobility of Paris, Villers-Cotterêts, and
767:, one of the many estates Philippe inherited from his father was the
715:
533:
527:
424:
299:
3522:
1836:
Wernick, R. "Radical and Chic, a Duke Who Courted Revolt and Doom."
310:. Égalité voted for the death of Louis XVI; however, he was himself
6653:
6648:
6587:
6466:
6340:
5106:
2258:
1883:
1807:
906:
allow his name to be changed, which was granted. Shortly after the
830:
703:
492:
476:
7243:
3650:
2622:
980:
7375:
French people executed by guillotine during the French Revolution
2477:
1083:(17 October 1779 – 30 May 1808), died in exile in
695:
500:
176:
2165:
Conjuration de Louis-Philippe-Joseph d'Orléans, surnommé Égalité
813:, he was the head of the liberal minority under the guidance of
6788:
616:
397:
Philippe's first title, given to him at birth, was that of the
27:
French royal and father of Louis Philippe I, King of the French
5721:
François Alexandre Frédéric, duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt
2920:
Ferdinand Philippe, Prince Royal of France and Duke of Orléans
1731:
1641:
267:. When his father died in 1785, he became Duke of Orléans and
5655:
2221:
La marinole militaire de la France sous le règne de Louis XVI
1084:
1060:(3 July 1775 – 18 May 1807), died in exile in
1025:
484:
334:
came to be attached to the movement in France that favored a
2124:
Lewis, Gwynne. "Why Philippe Égalité Died on the Scaffold."
1707:
5695:
885:
in the British Isles d'Orléans returned to France for the
5535:
2972:
Gaston, Prince Imperial Consort of Brazil and Count of Eu
836:
405:. After his father's death in 1785, Philippe became the
350:
Portrait of a young Louis Philippe Joseph d'Orléans, by
1868:"The Machine of the Duc D'Orléans and the New Politics"
479:. Louise Marie Adélaïde brought to the already wealthy
721:
In addition to being a Jacobin, Philippe was also the
664:
if they could give him a position, but it was denied.
1077:; (23 August 1777 – 31 December 1847);
6451:
List of people associated with the French Revolution
1855:
Encyclopedia of Freemasonry and its Kindred Sciences
1638:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 284–285.
825:
and break away from the Estates General to form the
796:
6683:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
3773:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
1743:
992:On 1 April 1793, a decree was voted for within the
924:
793:where he scattered coins amongst a cheering crowd.
731:, the most powerful Masonic Obedience in worldwide
571:, born Stephanie Caroline Anne Syms, also known as
1719:
747:Philippe was also a strong admirer of the British
611:, and commanded one of the three divisions of the
2464:Counts/Countesses and Dukes/Duchesses of Chartres
2045:Histoire philosophique de la Révolution de France
577:Marguerite Françoise Bouvier de la Mothe de Cépoy
7301:
5609:Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen
2047:, Tome II, 6th Edition, Paris, 1817, pp. 176–177
667:
1681:, Central Michigan University, Ann Arbor, 1994.
1100:Ancestors of Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans
1028:. On 2 November 1793, he was imprisoned at the
850:also accused him of acting as an accomplice to
465:Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, Duke of Penthièvre
358:Louis Philippe Joseph d'Orléans was the son of
3651:Significant civil and political events by year
1996:Citizens. A Chronicle of the French Revolution
1971:Citizens. A Chronicle of the French Revolution
1946:Citizens. A Chronicle of the French Revolution
6774:
3538:
3154:
2761:
2448:
2274:
2192:(in French). Vol. 1. Paris: Le Gerfaut.
2100:"The French Royal Family: Titles and Customs"
1686:
1617:Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6Th Edition
6704:
6663:
6639:
6620:
5604:Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick
3443:Prince Antoine Philippe, Duke of Montpensier
2897:Prince Antoine Philippe, Duke of Montpensier
2214:
1737:
1713:
1048:A daughter (died at birth, 10 October 1771);
698:, and strongly adhered to the principles of
292:
236:
4291:
330:of 1830. After Louis Philippe II, the term
7355:Deputies to the French National Convention
6781:
6767:
5808:Alexandre-Théodore-Victor, comte de Lameth
3545:
3531:
3161:
3147:
2768:
2754:
2455:
2441:
2281:
2267:
2246:(in French). Vol. 2. Challamel ainé.
696:Society of the Friends of the Constitution
360:Louis Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Chartres
259:, died in 1752, his father became the new
55:
6073:Louis Michel le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau
5731:Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau
5554:Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany
3178:Generations are numbered by descent from
2903:Prince Louis Charles, Count of Beaujolais
1615:"Louis Philippe Joseph Orléans, Duc d'."
1593:
893:until it disbanded on 30 September 1791.
852:Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau
18:Louis Philippe Joseph, duc d'Orléans
6858:Alexandre Louis Joseph, comte de Laborde
6505:
3789:Nationalization of the Church properties
3168:
979:
755:that was present in France at the time.
671:
510:
439:
345:
6734:Historiography of the French Revolution
6005:Antoine Christophe Merlin de Thionville
5716:Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette
3479:François d'Orléans, Prince of Joinville
3354:Louis, Duke of Bourbon, Prince of Condé
2817:Prince Philippe Charles, Duke of Valois
1793:
1075:Louise Marie Adélaïde Eugénie d'Orléans
451:On 6 June 1769, Louis Philippe married
14:
7302:
6905:Charles Marie Gabriel Cousin (1883–85)
5741:Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord
5696:Other significant figures and factions
3422:Louis François Joseph, Prince of Conti
3116:Prince Charles Philippe, Duke of Anjou
2775:
2236:
1993:
1968:
1943:
1770:, vol. 103, no. 4, Oct. 1998, p. 1258.
1766:Harris, Robert D. "Philippe Égalité."
1725:
1466:
1346:
1342:
1332:
1245:Louis William, Margrave of Baden-Baden
1224:
1114:
1110:
801:Philippe d'Orléans was elected to the
545:Stéphanie Félicité, comtesse de Genlis
463:. She was the daughter of his cousin,
6762:
6609:
6504:
5788:François-Marie, marquis de Barthélemy
5694:
5544:James Saumarez, 1st Baron de Saumarez
5483:Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
5441:Friedrich Adolf, Count von Kalckreuth
5044:
4290:
3921:Paris Commune becomes insurrectionary
3649:
3552:
3526:
3142:
3018:Prince Ferdinand, Duke of Montpensier
2749:
2436:
2262:
2182:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1865:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1749:
1542:
1532:
1528:
1516:
1510:
1500:
1484:
1474:
1470:
1454:
1448:
1438:
1422:
1412:
1408:
1396:
1390:
1380:
1364:
1354:
1350:
1326:
1316:
1300:
1290:
1286:
1274:
1268:
1258:
1242:
1232:
1228:
1212:
1206:
1196:
1180:
1170:
1166:
1154:
1148:
1138:
1122:
1118:
837:Women's March on Versailles and exile
633:Lieutenant général des Armées navales
540:, had several illegitimate children.
290:, Louis Philippe changed his name to
154:Antoine Philippe, Duke of Montpensier
7254:
5942:Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux
5354:Claude Victor-Perrin, Duc de Belluno
5045:
4141:Insurrection of 12 Germinal Year III
3499:Louis Antoine Henri, Duke of Enghien
2288:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1052:Louis Philippe I, King of the French
149:Louis Philippe I, King of the French
7284:
6610:
5549:Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth
3469:Ferdinand Philippe, Duke of Orléans
3180:Charles de Bourbon, Duke of Vendôme
2946:Prince Antoine, Duke of Montpensier
1840:, vol. 20, no. 4, July 1989, p. 66.
1781:"Charles-Louis Ducrest (1747-1824)"
910:in 1792, he changed his surname to
688:
637:Louis Guillouet, comte d'Orvilliers
24:
7150:Christian Pozzo di Borgo (1988–89)
6739:Influence of the French Revolution
6729:Symbolism in the French Revolution
5493:Prince Heinrich XV of Reuss-Plauen
5454:Charles Eugene, Prince of Lambesc
3709:Convocation of the Estates General
3448:Louis Charles, Count of Beaujolais
3106:Prince François, Count of Clermont
2935:Prince Charles, Duke of Penthièvre
2874:Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans
2621:
2595:Louis of Valois, Count of Chartres
2405:
2058:Memoirs of the Court of George III
1919:
1821:
1755:
1329:Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans
1014:Louis Charles, Count of Beaujolais
896:
735:(which now stands opposed to the "
594:
245:Louis Philippe I, Duke of Chartres
235:Louis Philippe II was born at the
222:Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans
167:Louis Charles, Count of Beaujolais
25:
7411:
6863:Emmanuel Dieudonné Pons (1842–47)
6834:Prince Jean Jacques de Cambacérès
6381:Guillaume-Chrétien de Malesherbes
6113:Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville
5415:Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen
5197:François Christophe de Kellermann
4436:Battle of Peyrestortes (Pyrenees)
2982:Prince Pierre, Duke of Penthièvre
2977:Prince Ferdinand, Duke of Alençon
2857:Louis Philippe I, Duke of Orléans
2471:Counts and countesses of Chartres
1662:
1209:Louis Philippe I, Duke of Orléans
797:Leadership in the Estates-General
475:of France during the minority of
192:Louis Philippe I, Duke of Orléans
7283:
7274:
7273:
7264:
7263:
7253:
7242:
6869:Marie-Auguste Desanlis (1849–51)
6811:Alexandre Roëttiers de Montaleau
6108:Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai
6015:Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours
5985:Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot
5876:Jean-Marie Roland de la Platière
5654:
5619:
5589:
5564:
5521:
5395:
5272:Édouard Mortier, Duke of Trévise
5053:
3825:Civil Constitution of the Clergy
3219:
3038:Prince Alfonso, Duke of Galliera
3033:Prince Emmanuel, Duke of Vendôme
3013:Prince Philippe, Duke of Orléans
2997:Prince Antonio, Duke of Galliera
2800:
2128:, no. 4900, 28 Feb. 1997, p. 30.
1908:. London: Penguin Group. p. 52.
1393:Louis Armand II, Prince of Conti
1058:Louis Antoine Philippe d'Orléans
925:Relationship with King Louis XVI
453:Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon
430:
211:
118:Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon
7380:Executed regicides of Louis XVI
7230:Christophe Habas (2016–present)
6902:Antoine de Saint Jean (1872–83)
6446:Jean-Jacques Duval d'Eprémesnil
6193:Jacques-Nicolas Billaud-Varenne
6118:Philippe-François-Joseph Le Bas
5329:Jean-Mathieu-Philibert Sérurier
5324:Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer
5304:Catherine-Dominique de Pérignon
5132:Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine
4050:Marie Antoinette is guillotined
3489:Henri d'Orléans, Duke of Aumale
3438:Louis Philippe, Duke of Orléans
3396:Louis François, Prince of Conti
3375:Louis Philippe, Duke of Orléans
3321:François Louis, Prince of Conti
3064:Prince Álvaro, Duke of Galliera
2967:Prince Robert, Duke of Chartres
2962:Prince Philippe, Count of Paris
2633:Dukes and duchesses of Chartres
2131:
2118:
2109:
2092:
2071:
2050:
2037:
2024:
2012:
1987:
1962:
1937:
1898:
1866:Kelly, George (December 1979).
1859:
1843:
1787:
1773:
1367:François Louis, Prince of Conti
758:
680:, the governing body of French
631:broke out in 1778, Orléans was
381:, one of the residences of the
366:. Philippe was a member of the
255:at birth. When his grandfather
129:
73:Louis Philippe Joseph d'Orléans
6719:Women in the French Revolution
6321:Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien
5498:Johann Mészáros von Szoboszló
5162:Pierre Marie Barthélemy Ferino
4791:French invasion of Switzerland
3129:never styled Prince of Orléans
2891:Louis Philippe I of the French
2243:Batailles navales de la France
2032:Marie Antoinette: The Journey.
1622:
1609:
13:
1:
7099:Alexandre Chevalier (1965–66)
6724:Incroyables and merveilleuses
6543:Pierre Claude François Daunou
6331:Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé
5462:Maximilian Baillet de Latour
5433:Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze
4730:Naval Engagement off Brittany
4483:Battle of Villers-en-Cauchies
4457:Battle of Truillas (Pyrenees)
4266:Constitution of the Year VIII
4001:Committee of General Security
3886:National Legislative Assembly
3741:National Constituent Assembly
3417:Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé
3359:Louis Armand, Prince of Conti
3326:Louis Joseph, Duke of Vendôme
3315:Louis Armand, Prince of Conti
2930:François, Prince of Joinville
2925:Prince Louis, Duke of Nemours
1872:The Journal of Modern History
1649:Marie Antoinette: The Journey
744:been executed weeks before).
741:United Grand Lodge of England
668:Role in the French Revolution
607:In 1776, he held the rank of
516:
444:Louise Marie Adélaïde as the
392:
341:
263:and Louis Philippe II became
7395:18th-century peers of France
7197:Bernard Brandmeyer (2003–05)
6936:Jean-Baptiste Antoine Blatin
6642:Liberté, égalité, fraternité
6436:Charles Alexandre de Calonne
6326:Louis Henri, Prince of Condé
6223:Jean Baptiste Noël Bouchotte
6123:Marc-Guillaume Alexis Vadier
5813:Charles Malo François Lameth
5488:Peter Vitus von Quosdanovich
5319:Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr
5262:Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey
4462:Second Battle of Wissembourg
4149:Constitution of the Year III
3494:Antoine, Duke of Montpensier
3453:Louis Henri, Prince of Condé
3380:Louis Henri, Prince of Condé
3310:Henri Jules, Prince of Condé
3090:Prince Henri, Count of Paris
3059:Prince Henri, Count of Paris
2941:Prince Henri, Duke of Aumale
2823:Philippe II, Duke of Orléans
1851:"Letter O; Orléans, Duke of"
1125:Philippe II, Duke of Orléans
929:Although a relative of King
916:Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité
771:, which became known as the
538:Philippe II, Duke of Orléans
469:Philippe II, Duke of Orléans
7:
7385:Princes of France (Bourbon)
6538:Charles-Augustin de Coulomb
6163:Antoine Christophe Saliceti
6098:Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois
6058:Louis Antoine de Saint-Just
5937:Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet
5922:Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve
5917:Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud
5726:Isaac René Guy le Chapelier
5579:William V, Prince of Orange
4449:First Battle of Wissembourg
4406:(21 Dec 1792 - 25 May 1793)
4122:Closing of the Jacobin Club
3991:(27 Jun 1793 – 27 Jul 1794)
3948:(20 Sep 1792 – 26 Oct 1795)
3808:Abolition of the Parlements
3781:Women's March on Versailles
3484:Charles, Duke of Penthièvre
3385:Charles, Count of Charolais
3111:Prince Jean, Count of Paris
2791:Philippe I, Duke of Orléans
1545:Louise Françoise de Bourbon
1513:Louise Élisabeth de Bourbon
1451:Louise Henriette de Bourbon
1091:
1000:, who was a general in the
965:, a radical faction in the
937:, Philippe also became the
843:Women's March on Versailles
506:
435:
364:Louise Henriette de Bourbon
249:Louise Henriette de Bourbon
202:Louise Henriette de Bourbon
10:
7416:
7177:Simon Giovanaï (1999–2000)
6866:Laurent Bertrand (1847–49)
6673:French Republican calendar
6228:Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel
5853:Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac
5207:Pierre Choderlos de Laclos
5157:Charles François Dumouriez
5147:Jacques François Dugommier
4961:League of Armed Neutrality
4794:(28 January – 17 May 1798)
4746:Battle of the Bay of Cádiz
4569:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795)
4548:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795)
4212:Second Congress of Rastatt
3996:Committee of Public Safety
3983:(9 Mar 1793 – 31 May 1795)
3246:Charles, Count of Soissons
3217:
3028:Prince Jean, Duke of Guise
2798:
2584:John of Valois (1302-1310)
2224:. Paris: Honoré Champion.
2077:Abbott, John S.C. (2019).
1768:American Historical Review
1694:Louis-Philippe: Le méconnu
1460:
1344:
1218:
1183:Françoise Marie de Bourbon
1112:
1024:until he was sent back to
1006:Charles François Dumouriez
854:, in an attempt to murder
423:, the youngest brother of
298:. He was a cousin of King
7237:
7184:
7168:Jacques Lafouge (1996–97)
7159:Gilbert Abergel (1992–94)
7072:Paul Chevallier (1952–53)
7045:Frédéric Estèbe (1930–31)
7009:Georges Corneau (1913–20)
6963:
6820:
6805:Prince Philippe d’Orléans
6797:
6688:Cult of the Supreme Being
6616:
6605:
6511:
6500:
6459:
6293:
6286:
6171:
6028:
5950:
5861:
5848:Pierre Paul Royer-Collard
5754:
5703:Patriotic Society of 1789
5701:
5690:
5652:
5617:
5587:
5562:
5519:
5506:Karl Philipp Sebottendorf
5428:Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg
5393:
5384:
5362:
5067:
5051:
5040:
5009:
4972:
4945:Convention of Alessandria
4927:
4834:
4781:
4712:
4582:
4556:
4473:
4370:
4297:
4286:
4242:
4231:Law of 22 Floréal Year VI
4223:
4196:
4133:
4069:
3964:
3897:
3846:
3800:
3692:What Is the Third Estate?
3683:
3656:
3645:
3560:
3508:
3461:
3430:
3412:Philippe, Duke of Orléans
3404:
3367:
3341:
3332:Philippe, Duke of Vendôme
3302:
3276:
3255:
3241:François, Prince of Conti
3228:
3199:Francis, Count of Enghien
3186:
3176:
3124:
3098:
3082:
3051:
3005:
2954:
2912:
2883:
2866:
2849:
2832:
2809:
2783:
2719:
2632:
2619:
2470:
2416:
2403:
2296:
1796:French Historical Studies
1530:
1522:
1494:
1472:
1468:
1432:
1410:
1402:
1374:
1352:
1348:
1310:
1303:Sibylle of Saxe-Lauenburg
1288:
1280:
1252:
1230:
1226:
1190:
1168:
1160:
1132:
1116:
1002:French Revolutionary Army
377:Philippe was born at the
293:
269:First Prince of the Blood
207:
197:
187:
175:
139:
111:
94:
69:
54:
44:First Prince of the Blood
41:
34:
7200:Gérard Pappalardo (2005)
7081:Robert Richard (1958–59)
7054:Adrien Pouriau (1934–36)
7000:Georges Bouley (1910–11)
6897:Léonide Babaud-Laribière
6879:Lucien, 3rd Prince Murat
6852:Antoine-Guillaume Rampon
6396:Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target
6361:Joséphine de Beauharnais
6243:Stanislas-Marie Maillard
6213:François-Nicolas Vincent
6198:Pierre Gaspard Chaumette
5372:Charles-Alexandre Linois
5267:Jean Victor Marie Moreau
5247:François Séverin Marceau
5227:François Joseph Lefebvre
5122:Jean-Étienne Championnet
5097:Louis-Alexandre Berthier
5092:Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte
5087:Alexandre de Beauharnais
5077:Eustache Charles d'Aoust
4799:French Invasion of Egypt
4677:Second Battle of Bassano
4411:Battle of Kaiserslautern
4185:Conspiracy of the Equals
3878:The Constitution of 1791
3749:Storming of the Bastille
3390:Louis, Count of Clermont
3268:Louis, Count of Soissons
3194:Antoine, King of Navarre
2840:Louis I, Duke of Orléans
2720:Duke as a courtesy title
2167:, Paris, 1796. 3 vols. (
2056:Kssler, Michael (2015):
1906:The Gods Will Have Blood
1904:France, Anatole (1979).
1692:Castelot, André (1994).
1647:Fraser, Antonia (2002).
1425:Marie Thérèse de Bourbon
1039:
975:
7320:People from Saint-Cloud
7227:Daniel Keller (2013–16)
7075:Francis Viaud (1953–56)
7069:Francis Viaud (1949–52)
7066:Louis Bonnard (1948–49)
7063:Francis Viaud (1945–48)
7019:Général Augustin Gérard
6828:Prince Joseph Bonaparte
6376:Jacques-Donatien Le Ray
6248:Charles-Philippe Ronsin
6208:Antoine-François Momoro
6203:Charles-Philippe Ronsin
6020:François de Neufchâteau
5970:Charles-François Lebrun
5912:Jean Baptiste Treilhard
5793:Guillaume-Mathieu Dumas
5669:Luis Firmin de Carvajal
5475:Rudolf Ritter von Otto
5470:Karl Mack von Leiberich
5102:Jean-Baptiste Bessières
4916:Second Battle of Zurich
4807:Irish Rebellion of 1798
4653:First Battle of Bassano
4491:Second Battle of Boulou
4292:Revolutionary campaigns
4250:Coup of 30 Prairial VII
4165:Council of Five Hundred
3953:First republic declared
3889:(1 Oct 1791 – Sep 1792)
3870:Declaration of Pillnitz
3594:Constitutional monarchy
3289:Armand, Prince of Conti
3074:Prince Charles Philippe
2992:François, Duke of Guise
2727:Charles-Louis d'Orléans
2238:Troude, Onésime-Joachim
2106:. Retrieved 2017-02-27.
1998:. Viking. p. 329.
1973:. Viking. p. 306.
1948:. Viking. p. 310.
1631:Encyclopædia Britannica
1081:Louis Charles d'Orléans
1008:in a plot to visit the
803:Estates General of 1789
749:constitutional monarchy
733:Continental Freemasonry
639:, with his flag on the
615:, with his flag on the
585:chevalier de Saint-Paul
336:constitutional monarchy
308:constitutional monarchy
281:Son Altesse Sérénissime
63:Antoine-François Callet
7204:Jean-Michel Quillardet
7138:Paul Gourdot (1981–86)
7084:Marcel Ravel (1959–61)
7078:Marcel Ravel (1956–58)
7024:Arthur Mille (1922–25)
7013:Charles Marie Debierre
7004:Charles Marie Debierre
6926:Paul Viguier (1892–93)
6891:Général Émile Mellinet
6885:Général Bernard Magnan
6791:Grand Orient de France
6705:
6664:
6640:
6621:
6133:Prieur de la Côte-d'Or
6128:Jean-Pierre-André Amar
6038:Maximilien Robespierre
5871:Jacques Pierre Brissot
5736:Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès
5167:Louis-Charles de Flers
5152:Thomas-Alexandre Dumas
5117:Jean François Carteaux
4892:First Battle of Zurich
4855:(20 Mar – 21 May 1799)
4810:(23 May – 23 Sep 1798)
4770:Treaty of Campo Formio
4516:Glorious First of June
4444:(18 Sep – 18 Dec 1793)
4403:Expedition to Sardinia
4081:Desmoulins guillotined
4016:Assassination of Marat
4008:Fall of the Girondists
3980:Revolutionary Tribunal
3972:Execution of Louis XVI
3862:Champ de Mars massacre
3765:Abolition of Feudalism
3474:Louis, Duke of Nemours
3349:Louis, Duke of Orléans
3294:Louis, Duke of Vendôme
3284:Louis, Prince of Condé
3263:Henri, Prince of Condé
3236:Henri, Prince of Condé
3211:Louis, Prince of Condé
2987:Louis, Prince of Condé
2626:
2410:
2034:Doubleday, 2001, p.295
1994:Schama, Simon (1989).
1969:Schama, Simon (1989).
1944:Schama, Simon (1989).
1594:Sources and references
1487:Louis, Prince of Condé
1271:Auguste of Baden-Baden
1151:Louis, Duke of Orléans
1034:Revolutionary Tribunal
989:
728:Grand Orient de France
685:
678:Grand Orient de France
569:Lady Edward FitzGerald
523:
522:, Château de Chantilly
448:
415:Premier Prince du Sang
379:Château de Saint-Cloud
372:House of Bourbon-Condé
355:
318:. His son, also named
280:
257:Louis, Duke of Orléans
239:Château de Saint-Cloud
237:
85:Château de Saint-Cloud
7390:Masonic grand masters
7141:Roger Leray (1986–87)
7135:Roger Leray (1979–81)
7126:Serge Behar (1975–77)
6789:Grand Masters of the
6578:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
5843:Jean-Charles Pichegru
5823:Jean-François Rewbell
5309:Jean-Charles Pichegru
5192:Jean-Baptiste Jourdan
5182:Jacques Maurice Hatry
4953:Battle of Hohenlinden
4826:(12 Oct – 5 Dec 1798)
4661:Battle of Emmendingen
4608:Battle of Castiglione
4495:(30 Apr – 1 May 1794)
4426:Battle of Hondschoote
4097:Thermidorian Reaction
4061:(throughout the year)
3834:Fête de la Fédération
3760:(20 Jul – 5 Aug 1789)
3744:(9 Jul – 30 Sep 1791)
3728:(17 Jun – 9 Jul 1790)
2652:Crown lands of France
2625:
2607:Crown lands of France
2601:Charles II of Alençon
2568:Crown lands of France
2508:Theobald III of Blois
2409:
2379:Louis Philippe Joseph
2216:Lacour-Gayet, Georges
1849:MACKEY MD, Albert C,
983:
957:Louis XVI's execution
887:Fête de la Fédération
739:" Freemasonry of the
708:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
675:
514:
443:
349:
106:French First Republic
7340:Dukes of Montpensier
7121:Jean-Pierre Prouteau
6909:Jean-Claude Colfavru
6873:Saint-Albin Berville
6506:Influential thinkers
6253:Jean-François Varlet
6153:Jean-Lambert Tallien
6148:Jean Bon Saint-André
5975:Pierre-Joseph Cambon
5897:Marquis de Condorcet
5746:Nicolas de Condorcet
5511:Dagobert von Wurmser
5344:Louis-Gabriel Suchet
5287:Pierre-Jacques Osten
5202:Jean-Baptiste Kléber
5137:Louis-Nicolas Davout
5127:Chapuis de Tourville
4669:Battle of Schliengen
4616:Battle of Theiningen
4537:Battle of Aldenhoven
4421:Battle of Wattignies
4390:Battle of Neerwinden
4204:Coup of 18 Fructidor
3717:Death of the Dauphin
3170:Princes of the Blood
3043:Prince Luis Fernando
2544:Isabelle of Chartres
2538:Theobald VI of Blois
2520:Theobald IV of Blois
2496:Theobald II of Blois
2019:Gottschalk, Louis R.
871:Marquis de Lafayette
809:. As a noble in the
656:'s fleet to escape.
567:It was alleged that
461:Palace of Versailles
389:, was born in 1750.
286:In 1792, during the
7154:Jean-Robert Ragache
7145:Jean-Robert Ragache
6593:Mary Wollstonecraft
6371:Jean Sylvain Bailly
6158:Pierre Louis Prieur
6103:Jean-Henri Voulland
6078:Jacques-Louis David
6010:Jean Joseph Mounier
5711:Jean Sylvain Bailly
5349:Belgrand de Vaubois
5237:Jean-Antoine Marbot
5177:Emmanuel de Grouchy
4982:Treaty of Lunéville
4621:Battle of Neresheim
4566:Siege of Luxembourg
4545:Siege of Luxembourg
4500:Battle of Tourcoing
4431:Siege of Bellegarde
4258:Coup of 18 Brumaire
4170:Council of Ancients
3945:National Convention
3937:September Massacres
3913:Brunswick Manifesto
3905:France declares war
3672:Assembly of Vizille
2572:Philip IV of France
2526:Theobald V of Blois
2484:Theobald I of Blois
2161:de Montjoie, Galart
2043:Desodoards, A. F.,
1740:, pp. 615–617.
1738:Lacour-Gayet (1905)
1714:Lacour-Gayet (1905)
994:National Convention
967:National Convention
908:September Massacres
613:Escadre d'évolution
589:chevalier d'Orléans
549:Madame de Montesson
471:, who had been the
446:Duchess of Chartres
399:Duke of Montpensier
314:in 1793 during the
271:. He was styled as
253:Duke of Montpensier
226:Prince of the Blood
158:Françoise d'Orléans
7249:Society portal
7172:Philippe Guglielmi
7109:Jacques Mitterrand
7088:Jacques Mitterrand
6431:Loménie de Brienne
6406:Madame de Lamballe
6341:Napoléon Bonaparte
6138:Prieur de la Marne
6053:Camille Desmoulins
5907:Marie Jean Hérault
5783:Jean-Sifrein Maury
5778:Arnaud de La Porte
5634:Alexander Korsakov
5420:Count of Clerfayt
5339:Jean-de-Dieu Soult
5252:Auguste de Marmont
5107:Napoléon Bonaparte
4998:Algeciras campaign
4990:Treaty of Florence
4868:Battle of Stockach
4701:Ireland expedition
4685:Battle of Calliano
4645:Battle of Rovereto
4637:Battle of Würzburg
4089:Law of 22 Prairial
4058:Anti-clerical laws
4033:The Death of Marat
3854:Flight to Varennes
3513:died without issue
3205:Charles de Bourbon
2777:Princes of Orléans
2704:Ferdinand Philippe
2627:
2550:Matilda of Amboise
2411:
2389:Ferdinand Philippe
2339:Charles Maximilian
1934:10.1 (1996): 1-29.
1677:Elder, Richard W.
1619:, Apr. 2016, p. 1.
990:
984:Image of death by
686:
581:comtesse de Buffon
524:
449:
387:Bathilde d'Orléans
356:
324:King of the French
228:who supported the
162:Adélaïde d'Orléans
7400:Dukes of Carignan
7360:French Freemasons
7325:Dukes of Chartres
7297:
7296:
6846:Étienne Macdonald
6756:
6755:
6752:
6751:
6630:Cockade of France
6601:
6600:
6563:Antoine Lavoisier
6553:Benjamin Franklin
6533:Anacharsis Cloots
6496:
6495:
6492:
6491:
6416:Louis de Breteuil
6258:Theophile Leclerc
5686:
5685:
5682:
5681:
5639:Alexander Suvorov
5380:
5379:
5314:Józef Poniatowski
5232:Étienne Macdonald
5036:
5035:
4937:Battle of Marengo
4900:Battle of Trebbia
4884:Battle of Cassano
4876:Battle of Magnano
4860:Battle of Ostrach
4762:Battle of Neuwied
4524:Battle of Fleurus
4508:Battle of Tournay
4385:War in the Vendée
4321:Royalist Revolts
4282:
4281:
3839:
3815:Abolition of the
3733:Tennis Court Oath
3725:National Assembly
3554:French Revolution
3520:
3519:
3515:
3136:
3135:
2743:
2742:
2699:French Revolution
2687:Louis Philippe II
2646:Alfonso II d'Este
2589:Charles of Valois
2578:Charles of Valois
2430:
2429:
2417:Current claimants
2344:Alexandre Édouard
2189:Marins à bataille
2104:www.heraldica.org
2098:Velde, François.
2030:Fraser, Antonia.
1716:, pp. 80–81.
1590:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1004:, joined General
891:National Assembly
827:National Assembly
823:Tennis Court Oath
782:National Assembly
753:absolute monarchy
304:absolute monarchy
230:French Revolution
219:
218:
89:Kingdom of France
35:Louis Philippe II
16:(Redirected from
7407:
7370:Executed royalty
7350:Dukes of Étampes
7335:Dukes of Nemours
7330:Dukes of Orléans
7287:
7286:
7277:
7276:
7267:
7266:
7257:
7256:
7247:
7246:
7210:Pierre Lambicchi
7058:Arthur Groussier
7049:Arthur Groussier
7040:Arthur Groussier
7028:Arthur Groussier
6995:Frédéric Desmons
6983:Frédéric Desmons
6971:Frédéric Desmons
6948:Frédéric Desmons
6915:Frédéric Desmons
6783:
6776:
6769:
6760:
6759:
6710:
6698:Temple of Reason
6669:
6645:
6626:
6607:
6606:
6558:Thomas Jefferson
6502:
6501:
6421:de Chateaubriand
6351:Joseph Bonaparte
6346:Lucien Bonaparte
6336:Marie Antoinette
6291:
6290:
6278:Sylvain Maréchal
6233:François Hanriot
6068:Louis Philippe I
5995:Louis Philippe I
5990:Philippe Égalité
5932:Olympe de Gouges
5902:Charlotte Corday
5892:Étienne Clavière
5692:
5691:
5674:Antonio Ricardos
5659:
5658:
5644:Andrei Rosenberg
5624:
5623:
5594:
5593:
5569:
5568:
5539:Ralph Abercromby
5526:
5525:
5501:
5478:
5465:
5457:
5449:
5436:
5423:
5400:
5399:
5391:
5390:
5295:
5242:Marcellin Marbot
5065:
5064:
5058:
5057:
5046:Military leaders
5042:
5041:
5029:
5021:
5017:Treaty of Amiens
5002:
4994:
4986:
4965:
4957:
4949:
4941:
4920:
4919:(25–26 Sep 1799)
4912:
4904:
4903:(17–20 Jun 1799)
4896:
4888:
4887:(27–28 Apr 1799)
4880:
4872:
4864:
4863:(20–21 Mar 1799)
4856:
4848:
4844:Second Coalition
4827:
4819:
4811:
4803:
4795:
4774:
4766:
4758:
4754:Treaty of Leoben
4750:
4742:
4741:(14–15 Jan 1797)
4738:Battle of Rivoli
4734:
4726:
4722:Italian campaign
4705:
4697:
4696:(15–17 Nov 1796)
4693:Battle of Arcole
4689:
4681:
4673:
4665:
4657:
4649:
4641:
4633:
4629:Battle of Amberg
4625:
4612:
4604:
4600:Battle of Lonato
4596:
4592:Italian campaign
4570:
4549:
4541:
4528:
4520:
4512:
4504:
4496:
4487:
4466:
4465:(26–27 Dec 1793)
4453:
4445:
4407:
4399:
4395:Battle of Famars
4363:
4288:
4287:
4270:
4262:
4254:
4235:
4216:
4208:
4189:
4181:
4161:
4153:
4145:
4126:
4118:
4110:
4101:
4093:
4085:
4062:
4054:
4046:
4038:
4028:
4020:
4012:
3992:
3984:
3976:
3957:
3949:
3941:
3933:
3925:
3917:
3909:
3890:
3882:
3874:
3866:
3858:
3857:(20–21 Jun 1791)
3837:
3829:
3821:
3812:
3793:
3785:
3777:
3769:
3761:
3753:
3745:
3737:
3729:
3721:
3713:
3705:
3697:
3676:
3668:
3664:Day of the Tiles
3647:
3646:
3547:
3540:
3533:
3524:
3523:
3511:
3223:
3163:
3156:
3149:
3140:
3139:
3131:
2804:
2770:
2763:
2756:
2747:
2746:
2735:
2681:Louis Philippe I
2532:Louis I of Blois
2514:Stephen of Blois
2457:
2450:
2443:
2434:
2433:
2297:Dukes of Orléans
2290:Dukes of Orléans
2283:
2276:
2269:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2233:
2211:
2149:
2148:
2135:
2129:
2122:
2116:
2113:
2107:
2096:
2090:
2075:
2069:
2054:
2048:
2041:
2035:
2028:
2022:
2016:
2010:
2009:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1941:
1935:
1928:
1917:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1863:
1857:
1847:
1841:
1834:
1819:
1818:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1777:
1771:
1764:
1753:
1747:
1741:
1735:
1729:
1723:
1717:
1711:
1705:
1690:
1684:
1675:
1660:
1645:
1639:
1626:
1620:
1613:
1106:
1105:
1097:
1096:
950:Battle of Ushant
946:Marie Antoinette
860:Marie Antoinette
689:Liberal ideology
650:Battle of Ushant
629:Anglo-French War
521:
518:
481:House of Orléans
411:House of Orléans
403:Duke of Chartres
368:House of Orléans
296:
295:
294:Philippe Égalité
265:Duke of Chartres
251:. He was titled
242:
215:
133:
131:
101:
81:
79:
59:
37:Philippe Égalité
32:
31:
21:
7415:
7414:
7410:
7409:
7408:
7406:
7405:
7404:
7345:Dukes of Valois
7300:
7299:
7298:
7293:
7241:
7233:
7180:
7115:Frédéric Zeller
6959:
6816:
6793:
6787:
6757:
6748:
6623:La Marseillaise
6612:
6611:Cultural impact
6597:
6507:
6488:
6455:
6411:Madame du Barry
6401:Catherine Théot
6391:Thérésa Tallien
6282:
6273:Gracchus Babeuf
6218:François Chabot
6175:
6167:
6088:Georges Couthon
6083:Marquis de Sade
6048:Jean-Paul Marat
6024:
5980:Bertrand Barère
5946:
5857:
5838:Boissy d'Anglas
5833:Madame de Staël
5798:Antoine Barnave
5766:
5759:
5750:
5697:
5678:
5653:
5648:
5618:
5613:
5588:
5583:
5563:
5558:
5520:
5515:
5499:
5476:
5463:
5455:
5447:
5434:
5421:
5410:József Alvinczi
5394:
5376:
5358:
5299:Nicolas Oudinot
5289:
5222:Claude Lecourbe
5217:Charles Leclerc
5112:Guillaume Brune
5082:Pierre Augereau
5052:
5047:
5032:
5027:
5025:Treaty of Paris
5019:
5005:
5000:
4992:
4984:
4968:
4963:
4955:
4947:
4939:
4923:
4918:
4910:
4902:
4894:
4886:
4878:
4870:
4862:
4854:
4846:
4830:
4825:
4817:
4809:
4801:
4793:
4777:
4772:
4764:
4756:
4748:
4740:
4732:
4724:
4708:
4703:
4695:
4687:
4679:
4671:
4663:
4655:
4647:
4639:
4631:
4623:
4610:
4602:
4594:
4578:
4568:
4552:
4547:
4539:
4526:
4518:
4510:
4502:
4494:
4485:
4469:
4464:
4451:
4443:
4441:Siege of Toulon
4405:
4397:
4380:First Coalition
4366:
4357:
4293:
4278:
4268:
4260:
4252:
4238:
4233:
4219:
4214:
4206:
4192:
4187:
4179:
4159:
4151:
4143:
4129:
4124:
4116:
4108:
4099:
4091:
4083:
4065:
4060:
4052:
4044:
4042:Law of Suspects
4036:
4026:
4018:
4010:
3990:
3988:Reign of Terror
3982:
3974:
3960:
3955:
3947:
3939:
3931:
3923:
3915:
3907:
3893:
3888:
3880:
3872:
3864:
3856:
3842:
3827:
3819:
3810:
3796:
3791:
3783:
3775:
3768:(4–11 Aug 1789)
3767:
3759:
3751:
3743:
3735:
3727:
3719:
3711:
3703:
3701:Réveillon riots
3695:
3679:
3674:
3666:
3652:
3641:
3556:
3551:
3521:
3516:
3504:
3462:10th generation
3457:
3426:
3400:
3363:
3337:
3298:
3272:
3251:
3224:
3215:
3182:
3172:
3167:
3137:
3132:
3126:
3120:
3099:12th generation
3094:
3083:11th generation
3078:
3052:10th generation
3047:
3001:
2950:
2908:
2879:
2862:
2845:
2828:
2805:
2796:
2779:
2774:
2744:
2739:
2729:
2715:
2640:Renée of France
2628:
2617:
2612:Renée of France
2556:John I of Blois
2502:Odo II of Blois
2466:
2461:
2431:
2426:
2412:
2401:
2292:
2287:
2200:
2152:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2123:
2119:
2114:
2110:
2097:
2093:
2076:
2072:
2055:
2051:
2042:
2038:
2029:
2025:
2017:
2013:
2006:
1992:
1988:
1981:
1967:
1963:
1956:
1942:
1938:
1929:
1920:
1903:
1899:
1864:
1860:
1848:
1844:
1835:
1822:
1792:
1788:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1765:
1756:
1748:
1744:
1736:
1732:
1724:
1720:
1712:
1708:
1691:
1687:
1676:
1663:
1646:
1642:
1627:
1623:
1614:
1610:
1596:
1591:
1094:
1066:Buckinghamshire
1042:
1032:. Tried by the
1018:Fort Saint-Jean
978:
935:Duke of Orléans
927:
899:
897:Citoyen Égalité
839:
807:Crépy-en-Valois
799:
791:Reveillon riots
765:Duke of Orléans
761:
725:of the Masonic
691:
670:
597:
595:Military career
547:, the niece of
519:
509:
487:of six million
483:a considerable
438:
433:
407:Duke of Orléans
395:
383:Duke of Orléans
344:
328:July Revolution
316:Reign of Terror
273:Serene Highness
261:Duke of Orléans
171:
135:
132: 1769)
127:
123:
120:
103:
99:
98:6 November 1793
87:, Saint-Cloud,
83:
77:
75:
74:
65:
48:Duke of Orléans
46:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7413:
7403:
7402:
7397:
7392:
7387:
7382:
7377:
7372:
7367:
7362:
7357:
7352:
7347:
7342:
7337:
7332:
7327:
7322:
7317:
7312:
7295:
7294:
7292:
7291:
7281:
7271:
7261:
7251:
7238:
7235:
7234:
7232:
7231:
7228:
7225:
7219:
7213:
7207:
7201:
7198:
7195:
7188:
7186:
7182:
7181:
7179:
7178:
7175:
7169:
7166:
7163:Patrick Kessel
7160:
7157:
7151:
7148:
7142:
7139:
7136:
7133:
7127:
7124:
7118:
7112:
7106:
7103:Paul Anxionnaz
7100:
7097:
7094:Paul Anxionnaz
7091:
7085:
7082:
7079:
7076:
7073:
7070:
7067:
7064:
7061:
7055:
7052:
7046:
7043:
7037:
7034:Joseph Brenier
7031:
7025:
7022:
7016:
7010:
7007:
7001:
6998:
6992:
6989:Louis Lafferre
6986:
6980:
6977:Louis Lafferre
6974:
6967:
6965:
6961:
6960:
6958:
6957:
6951:
6945:
6939:
6933:
6927:
6924:
6918:
6912:
6906:
6903:
6900:
6894:
6888:
6882:
6876:
6870:
6867:
6864:
6861:
6855:
6849:
6843:
6840:Pierre de Ruel
6837:
6831:
6824:
6822:
6818:
6817:
6815:
6814:
6808:
6801:
6799:
6795:
6794:
6786:
6785:
6778:
6771:
6763:
6754:
6753:
6750:
6749:
6747:
6746:
6741:
6736:
6731:
6726:
6721:
6716:
6711:
6702:
6701:
6700:
6693:Cult of Reason
6690:
6685:
6680:
6675:
6670:
6661:
6656:
6651:
6646:
6637:
6635:Flag of France
6632:
6627:
6617:
6614:
6613:
6603:
6602:
6599:
6598:
6596:
6595:
6590:
6585:
6580:
6575:
6570:
6565:
6560:
6555:
6550:
6545:
6540:
6535:
6530:
6525:
6520:
6512:
6509:
6508:
6498:
6497:
6494:
6493:
6490:
6489:
6487:
6486:
6481:
6480:
6479:
6474:
6463:
6461:
6457:
6456:
6454:
6453:
6448:
6443:
6441:Jacques Necker
6438:
6433:
6428:
6423:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6393:
6388:
6383:
6378:
6373:
6368:
6363:
6358:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6297:
6295:
6288:
6284:
6283:
6281:
6280:
6275:
6270:
6265:
6263:Claire Lacombe
6260:
6255:
6250:
6245:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6220:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6200:
6195:
6190:
6188:Jacques Hébert
6184:
6182:
6169:
6168:
6166:
6165:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6095:
6090:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6070:
6065:
6060:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6043:Georges Danton
6040:
6034:
6032:
6026:
6025:
6023:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5956:
5954:
5948:
5947:
5945:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5914:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5887:Henri Grégoire
5883:
5878:
5873:
5867:
5865:
5859:
5858:
5856:
5855:
5850:
5845:
5840:
5835:
5830:
5828:Camille Jordan
5825:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5769:
5767:
5755:
5752:
5751:
5749:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5707:
5705:
5699:
5698:
5688:
5687:
5684:
5683:
5680:
5679:
5677:
5676:
5671:
5665:
5663:
5650:
5649:
5647:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5630:
5628:
5615:
5614:
5612:
5611:
5606:
5600:
5598:
5585:
5584:
5582:
5581:
5575:
5573:
5560:
5559:
5557:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5532:
5530:
5517:
5516:
5514:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5472:
5467:
5459:
5451:
5443:
5438:
5430:
5425:
5417:
5412:
5406:
5404:
5388:
5382:
5381:
5378:
5377:
5375:
5374:
5368:
5366:
5360:
5359:
5357:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5073:
5071:
5062:
5049:
5048:
5038:
5037:
5034:
5033:
5031:
5030:
5022:
5013:
5011:
5007:
5006:
5004:
5003:
4995:
4987:
4978:
4976:
4970:
4969:
4967:
4966:
4958:
4950:
4942:
4933:
4931:
4925:
4924:
4922:
4921:
4913:
4908:Battle of Novi
4905:
4897:
4895:(4–7 Jun 1799)
4889:
4881:
4873:
4865:
4857:
4849:
4840:
4838:
4832:
4831:
4829:
4828:
4820:
4812:
4804:
4796:
4787:
4785:
4779:
4778:
4776:
4775:
4767:
4759:
4751:
4743:
4735:
4727:
4718:
4716:
4710:
4709:
4707:
4706:
4698:
4690:
4688:(6–7 Nov 1796)
4682:
4674:
4666:
4658:
4650:
4642:
4634:
4626:
4618:
4613:
4605:
4603:(3–4 Aug 1796)
4597:
4588:
4586:
4580:
4579:
4577:
4576:
4574:Peace of Basel
4571:
4562:
4560:
4554:
4553:
4551:
4550:
4542:
4534:
4529:
4521:
4513:
4505:
4497:
4488:
4479:
4477:
4471:
4470:
4468:
4467:
4459:
4454:
4446:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4416:Siege of Mainz
4413:
4408:
4400:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4376:
4374:
4368:
4367:
4365:
4364:
4352:
4347:
4345:Siege of Mainz
4342:
4337:
4336:
4335:
4332:
4327:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4303:
4301:
4295:
4294:
4284:
4283:
4280:
4279:
4277:
4276:
4271:
4263:
4255:
4246:
4244:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4236:
4227:
4225:
4221:
4220:
4218:
4217:
4209:
4200:
4198:
4194:
4193:
4191:
4190:
4182:
4177:13 Vendémiaire
4174:
4173:
4172:
4167:
4154:
4146:
4137:
4135:
4131:
4130:
4128:
4127:
4119:
4111:
4102:
4094:
4086:
4073:
4071:
4067:
4066:
4064:
4063:
4055:
4047:
4039:
4029:
4024:Levée en masse
4021:
4013:
4005:
4004:
4003:
3998:
3985:
3977:
3968:
3966:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3958:
3950:
3942:
3934:
3929:10th of August
3926:
3918:
3910:
3901:
3899:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3891:
3883:
3875:
3867:
3859:
3850:
3848:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3840:
3830:
3822:
3813:
3811:(Feb–Jul 1790)
3804:
3802:
3798:
3797:
3795:
3794:
3786:
3778:
3770:
3762:
3754:
3746:
3738:
3730:
3722:
3714:
3706:
3698:
3687:
3685:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3677:
3669:
3660:
3658:
3654:
3653:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3639:
3632:
3625:
3618:
3611:
3604:
3597:
3590:
3583:
3576:
3569:
3561:
3558:
3557:
3550:
3549:
3542:
3535:
3527:
3518:
3517:
3509:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3502:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3465:
3463:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3434:
3432:
3431:9th generation
3428:
3427:
3425:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3408:
3406:
3405:8th generation
3402:
3401:
3399:
3398:
3393:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3371:
3369:
3368:7th generation
3365:
3364:
3362:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3345:
3343:
3342:6th generation
3339:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3329:
3323:
3318:
3312:
3306:
3304:
3303:5th generation
3300:
3299:
3297:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3280:
3278:
3277:4th generation
3274:
3273:
3271:
3270:
3265:
3259:
3257:
3256:3rd generation
3253:
3252:
3250:
3249:
3243:
3238:
3232:
3230:
3229:2nd generation
3226:
3225:
3218:
3216:
3214:
3213:
3208:
3202:
3196:
3190:
3188:
3187:1st generation
3184:
3183:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3166:
3165:
3158:
3151:
3143:
3134:
3133:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3102:
3100:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3092:
3086:
3084:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3071:
3069:Prince Ataúlfo
3066:
3061:
3055:
3053:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3009:
3007:
3006:9th generation
3003:
3002:
3000:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2958:
2956:
2955:8th generation
2952:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2916:
2914:
2913:7th generation
2910:
2909:
2907:
2906:
2900:
2894:
2887:
2885:
2884:6th generation
2881:
2880:
2878:
2877:
2870:
2868:
2867:5th generation
2864:
2863:
2861:
2860:
2853:
2851:
2850:4th generation
2847:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2836:
2834:
2833:3rd generation
2830:
2829:
2827:
2826:
2820:
2813:
2811:
2810:2nd generation
2807:
2806:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2794:
2787:
2785:
2784:1st generation
2781:
2780:
2773:
2772:
2765:
2758:
2750:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2737:
2723:
2721:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2713:
2707:
2701:
2696:
2693:Louis Philippe
2690:
2684:
2678:
2672:
2666:
2660:
2654:
2649:
2643:
2636:
2634:
2630:
2629:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2615:
2609:
2604:
2598:
2592:
2586:
2581:
2575:
2565:
2559:
2553:
2547:
2541:
2535:
2529:
2523:
2517:
2511:
2505:
2499:
2493:
2490:Odo I of Blois
2487:
2481:
2474:
2472:
2468:
2467:
2460:
2459:
2452:
2445:
2437:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2420:
2418:
2414:
2413:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2384:Louis Philippe
2381:
2376:
2374:Louis Philippe
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2300:
2298:
2294:
2293:
2286:
2285:
2278:
2271:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2234:
2212:
2198:
2180:
2151:
2150:
2130:
2117:
2108:
2091:
2087:978-3734074752
2079:Louis Philippe
2070:
2049:
2036:
2023:
2011:
2004:
1986:
1979:
1961:
1954:
1936:
1932:French History
1918:
1897:
1884:10.1086/241985
1858:
1842:
1820:
1808:10.2307/286283
1786:
1772:
1754:
1752:, p. 379.
1742:
1730:
1718:
1706:
1685:
1661:
1640:
1621:
1607:
1595:
1592:
1588:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1102:
1101:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1078:
1072:
1069:
1055:
1049:
1041:
1038:
998:Louis Philippe
977:
974:
941:Prince du sang
926:
923:
898:
895:
858:and his wife,
848:Grand Châtelet
838:
835:
798:
795:
773:Palais-Égalité
760:
757:
690:
687:
669:
666:
609:Chef d'Escadre
596:
593:
508:
505:
437:
434:
432:
429:
420:comte d'Artois
409:, head of the
394:
391:
343:
340:
320:Louis Philippe
306:in favor of a
217:
216:
209:
205:
204:
199:
195:
194:
189:
185:
184:
179:
173:
172:
170:
169:
164:
159:
156:
151:
145:
143:
137:
136:
125:
121:
116:
115:
113:
109:
108:
102:(aged 46)
96:
92:
91:
71:
67:
66:
60:
52:
51:
39:
38:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7412:
7401:
7398:
7396:
7393:
7391:
7388:
7386:
7383:
7381:
7378:
7376:
7373:
7371:
7368:
7366:
7363:
7361:
7358:
7356:
7353:
7351:
7348:
7346:
7343:
7341:
7338:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7307:
7305:
7290:
7282:
7280:
7272:
7270:
7262:
7260:
7252:
7250:
7245:
7240:
7239:
7236:
7229:
7226:
7223:
7220:
7217:
7214:
7211:
7208:
7205:
7202:
7199:
7196:
7193:
7190:
7189:
7187:
7183:
7176:
7173:
7170:
7167:
7164:
7161:
7158:
7155:
7152:
7149:
7146:
7143:
7140:
7137:
7134:
7131:
7130:Michel Baroin
7128:
7125:
7122:
7119:
7116:
7113:
7110:
7107:
7104:
7101:
7098:
7095:
7092:
7089:
7086:
7083:
7080:
7077:
7074:
7071:
7068:
7065:
7062:
7059:
7056:
7053:
7050:
7047:
7044:
7041:
7038:
7035:
7032:
7029:
7026:
7023:
7020:
7017:
7014:
7011:
7008:
7005:
7002:
6999:
6996:
6993:
6990:
6987:
6984:
6981:
6978:
6975:
6972:
6969:
6968:
6966:
6962:
6955:
6954:Louis Lucipia
6952:
6949:
6946:
6943:
6942:Louis Lucipia
6940:
6937:
6934:
6931:
6928:
6925:
6922:
6919:
6916:
6913:
6910:
6907:
6904:
6901:
6898:
6895:
6892:
6889:
6886:
6883:
6880:
6877:
6874:
6871:
6868:
6865:
6862:
6859:
6856:
6853:
6850:
6847:
6844:
6841:
6838:
6835:
6832:
6829:
6826:
6825:
6823:
6819:
6812:
6809:
6806:
6803:
6802:
6800:
6796:
6792:
6784:
6779:
6777:
6772:
6770:
6765:
6764:
6761:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6725:
6722:
6720:
6717:
6715:
6712:
6709:
6708:
6707:Sans-culottes
6703:
6699:
6696:
6695:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6678:Metric system
6676:
6674:
6671:
6668:
6667:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6644:
6643:
6638:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6625:
6624:
6619:
6618:
6615:
6608:
6604:
6594:
6591:
6589:
6586:
6584:
6581:
6579:
6576:
6574:
6571:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6559:
6556:
6554:
6551:
6549:
6546:
6544:
6541:
6539:
6536:
6534:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6524:
6521:
6519:
6518:
6514:
6513:
6510:
6503:
6499:
6485:
6482:
6478:
6477:Panthéon Club
6475:
6473:
6470:
6469:
6468:
6465:
6464:
6462:
6458:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6444:
6442:
6439:
6437:
6434:
6432:
6429:
6427:
6424:
6422:
6419:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6409:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6366:Joachim Murat
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6298:
6296:
6292:
6289:
6285:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6185:
6183:
6181:
6180:
6174:
6170:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6143:Gilbert Romme
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6035:
6033:
6031:
6027:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5965:de Cambacérès
5963:
5961:
5958:
5957:
5955:
5953:
5949:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5884:
5882:
5881:Madame Roland
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5868:
5866:
5864:
5860:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5818:André Chénier
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5773:Grace Elliott
5771:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5764:
5758:
5753:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5708:
5706:
5704:
5700:
5693:
5689:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5666:
5664:
5662:
5657:
5651:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5631:
5629:
5627:
5622:
5616:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5601:
5599:
5597:
5592:
5586:
5580:
5577:
5576:
5574:
5572:
5567:
5561:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5534:
5533:
5531:
5529:
5524:
5518:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5460:
5458:
5452:
5450:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5407:
5405:
5403:
5398:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5383:
5373:
5370:
5369:
5367:
5365:
5361:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5334:Joseph Souham
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5293:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5277:Joachim Murat
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5257:André Masséna
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5074:
5072:
5070:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5056:
5050:
5043:
5039:
5028:(25 Jun 1802)
5026:
5023:
5020:(25 Mar 1802)
5018:
5015:
5014:
5012:
5008:
4999:
4996:
4993:(18 Mar 1801)
4991:
4988:
4983:
4980:
4979:
4977:
4975:
4971:
4962:
4959:
4954:
4951:
4948:(15 Jun 1800)
4946:
4943:
4940:(14 Jun 1800)
4938:
4935:
4934:
4932:
4930:
4926:
4917:
4914:
4911:(15 Aug 1799)
4909:
4906:
4901:
4898:
4893:
4890:
4885:
4882:
4877:
4874:
4871:(25 Mar 1799)
4869:
4866:
4861:
4858:
4853:
4852:Siege of Acre
4850:
4845:
4842:
4841:
4839:
4837:
4833:
4824:
4823:Peasants' War
4821:
4816:
4813:
4808:
4805:
4800:
4797:
4792:
4789:
4788:
4786:
4784:
4780:
4773:(17 Oct 1797)
4771:
4768:
4765:(18 Apr 1797)
4763:
4760:
4757:(17 Apr 1797)
4755:
4752:
4749:(25 Jan 1797)
4747:
4744:
4739:
4736:
4733:(13 Jan 1797)
4731:
4728:
4723:
4720:
4719:
4717:
4715:
4711:
4702:
4699:
4694:
4691:
4686:
4683:
4678:
4675:
4672:(26 Oct 1796)
4670:
4667:
4664:(19 Oct 1796)
4662:
4659:
4654:
4651:
4646:
4643:
4638:
4635:
4632:(24 Aug 1796)
4630:
4627:
4624:(11 Aug 1796)
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4609:
4606:
4601:
4598:
4593:
4590:
4589:
4587:
4585:
4581:
4575:
4572:
4567:
4564:
4563:
4561:
4559:
4555:
4546:
4543:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4527:(26 Jun 1794)
4525:
4522:
4517:
4514:
4511:(22 May 1794)
4509:
4506:
4503:(18 May 1794)
4501:
4498:
4492:
4489:
4486:(24 Apr 1794)
4484:
4481:
4480:
4478:
4476:
4472:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4452:(13 Oct 1793)
4450:
4447:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4404:
4401:
4398:(23 May 1793)
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4377:
4375:
4373:
4369:
4361:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4322:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4304:
4302:
4300:
4296:
4289:
4285:
4275:
4272:
4269:(24 Dec 1799)
4267:
4264:
4259:
4256:
4253:(18 Jun 1799)
4251:
4248:
4247:
4245:
4241:
4234:(11 May 1798)
4232:
4229:
4228:
4226:
4222:
4213:
4210:
4205:
4202:
4201:
4199:
4195:
4186:
4183:
4178:
4175:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4162:
4158:
4155:
4152:(22 Aug 1795)
4150:
4147:
4142:
4139:
4138:
4136:
4132:
4125:(11 Nov 1794)
4123:
4120:
4115:
4112:
4109:(28 Jul 1794)
4106:
4103:
4100:(27 Jul 1794)
4098:
4095:
4092:(10 Jun 1794)
4090:
4087:
4082:
4078:
4075:
4074:
4072:
4068:
4059:
4056:
4053:(16 Oct 1793)
4051:
4048:
4045:(17 Sep 1793)
4043:
4040:
4035:
4034:
4030:
4027:(23 Aug 1793)
4025:
4022:
4019:(13 Jul 1793)
4017:
4014:
4009:
4006:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3993:
3989:
3986:
3981:
3978:
3975:(21 Jan 1793)
3973:
3970:
3969:
3967:
3963:
3956:(22 Sep 1792)
3954:
3951:
3946:
3943:
3938:
3935:
3932:(10 Aug 1792)
3930:
3927:
3922:
3919:
3916:(25 Jul 1792)
3914:
3911:
3908:(20 Apr 1792)
3906:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3896:
3887:
3884:
3879:
3876:
3873:(27 Aug 1791)
3871:
3868:
3865:(17 Jul 1791)
3863:
3860:
3855:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3845:
3838:(14 Jul 1790)
3836:
3835:
3831:
3828:(12 Jul 1790)
3826:
3823:
3820:(23 Jun 1790)
3818:
3814:
3809:
3806:
3805:
3803:
3799:
3790:
3787:
3782:
3779:
3776:(26 Aug 1789)
3774:
3771:
3766:
3763:
3758:
3755:
3752:(14 Jul 1789)
3750:
3747:
3742:
3739:
3736:(20 Jun 1789)
3734:
3731:
3726:
3723:
3720:(4 June 1789)
3718:
3715:
3710:
3707:
3704:(28 Apr 1789)
3702:
3699:
3694:
3693:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3682:
3675:(21 Jul 1788)
3673:
3670:
3665:
3662:
3661:
3659:
3655:
3648:
3644:
3638:
3637:
3633:
3631:
3630:
3626:
3624:
3623:
3619:
3617:
3616:
3612:
3610:
3609:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3598:
3596:
3595:
3591:
3589:
3588:
3584:
3582:
3581:
3580:Ancien Régime
3577:
3575:
3574:
3570:
3568:
3567:
3563:
3562:
3559:
3555:
3548:
3543:
3541:
3536:
3534:
3529:
3528:
3525:
3514:
3507:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3460:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3435:
3433:
3429:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3403:
3397:
3394:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3366:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3340:
3333:
3330:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3301:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3275:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3254:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3227:
3222:
3212:
3209:
3206:
3203:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3175:
3171:
3164:
3159:
3157:
3152:
3150:
3145:
3144:
3141:
3130:
3123:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3097:
3091:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3081:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3050:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3004:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2953:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2911:
2904:
2901:
2898:
2895:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2882:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2865:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2848:
2841:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2831:
2824:
2821:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2808:
2803:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2771:
2766:
2764:
2759:
2757:
2752:
2751:
2748:
2733:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2718:
2711:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2694:
2691:
2688:
2685:
2682:
2679:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2631:
2624:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2569:
2566:
2563:
2562:Joan of Blois
2560:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2458:
2453:
2451:
2446:
2444:
2439:
2438:
2435:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2415:
2408:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2349:Nicolas Henri
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2284:
2279:
2277:
2272:
2270:
2265:
2264:
2261:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2244:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2222:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2199:9782901196921
2195:
2191:
2190:
2185:
2181:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2157:
2156:
2146:
2142:
2141:
2134:
2127:
2121:
2112:
2105:
2101:
2095:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2074:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2053:
2046:
2040:
2033:
2027:
2020:
2015:
2007:
2005:0-670-81012-6
2001:
1997:
1990:
1982:
1980:0-670-81012-6
1976:
1972:
1965:
1957:
1955:0-670-81012-6
1951:
1947:
1940:
1933:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1915:
1914:9780140443523
1911:
1907:
1901:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1862:
1856:
1852:
1846:
1839:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1802:(1): 159–90,
1801:
1797:
1790:
1782:
1776:
1769:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1751:
1746:
1739:
1734:
1727:
1726:Troude (1867)
1722:
1715:
1710:
1703:
1702:9782262010720
1699:
1695:
1689:
1683:
1680:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1658:
1657:9780385489492
1654:
1650:
1644:
1637:
1633:
1632:
1625:
1618:
1612:
1608:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1600:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1549:
1546:
1540:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1526:
1525:
1520:
1519:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1498:
1497:
1492:
1491:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1464:
1463:
1458:
1457:
1452:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1436:
1435:
1430:
1429:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1406:
1405:
1400:
1399:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1371:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1307:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1277:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1249:
1246:
1240:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1222:
1221:
1216:
1215:
1210:
1204:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1193:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1178:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1164:
1163:
1158:
1157:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1136:
1135:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1120:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1098:
1086:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1045:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
987:
982:
973:
970:
968:
964:
963:
958:
953:
951:
947:
943:
942:
936:
932:
922:
919:
917:
913:
909:
905:
904:Paris Commune
894:
892:
888:
882:
880:
876:
875:British Isles
872:
867:
865:
864:Marie-Thérèse
861:
857:
853:
849:
846:Court of the
844:
834:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
815:Adrien Duport
812:
811:Second Estate
808:
804:
794:
792:
786:
783:
778:
774:
770:
766:
756:
754:
750:
745:
742:
738:
734:
730:
729:
724:
719:
718:and slavery.
717:
713:
712:Enlightenment
709:
705:
701:
700:Denis Diderot
697:
683:
679:
674:
665:
663:
657:
655:
651:
647:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
625:
623:
622:
618:
614:
610:
605:
603:
592:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
565:
563:
562:Grace Elliott
559:
554:
550:
546:
541:
539:
535:
531:
530:
513:
504:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
447:
442:
431:Personal life
428:
426:
422:
421:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
390:
388:
384:
380:
375:
373:
369:
365:
361:
353:
348:
339:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
289:
284:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
241:
240:
233:
231:
227:
223:
214:
210:
206:
203:
200:
196:
193:
190:
186:
183:
180:
178:
174:
168:
165:
163:
160:
157:
155:
152:
150:
147:
146:
144:
142:
138:
119:
114:
110:
107:
97:
93:
90:
86:
82:13 April 1747
72:
68:
64:
58:
53:
50:
49:
45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
7185:21st century
6964:20th century
6930:Henri Thulié
6921:Henri Thulié
6821:19th century
6804:
6798:18th century
6714:Phrygian cap
6659:Bastille Day
6573:Thomas Paine
6528:Edmund Burke
6523:Beaumarchais
6517:Les Lumières
6515:
6356:Joseph Fesch
6268:Pauline Léon
6238:Jacques Roux
6177:
5989:
5761:
5187:Lazare Hoche
5172:Paul Grenier
5142:Louis Desaix
5001:(8 Jul 1801)
4985:(9 Feb 1801)
4956:(3 Dec 1800)
4879:(5 Apr 1799)
4680:(6 Nov 1796)
4656:(8 Sep 1796)
4648:(4 Sep 1796)
4640:(3 Sep 1796)
4611:(5 Aug 1796)
4540:(2 Oct 1794)
4519:(1 Jun 1794)
4261:(9 Nov 1799)
4207:(4 Sep 1797)
4144:(1 Apr 1795)
4114:White Terror
4107:guillotined
4084:(5 Apr 1794)
4031:
4011:(2 Jun 1793)
3881:(3 Sep 1791)
3832:
3792:(2 Nov 1789)
3784:(5 Oct 1789)
3712:(5 May 1789)
3690:
3667:(7 Jun 1788)
3634:
3627:
3620:
3613:
3606:
3599:
3592:
3585:
3578:
3571:
3564:
3512:
3411:
3128:
3023:Prince Henri
2873:
2686:
2378:
2242:
2220:
2188:
2164:
2154:
2153:
2144:
2139:
2133:
2125:
2120:
2111:
2103:
2094:
2078:
2073:
2057:
2052:
2044:
2039:
2031:
2026:
2014:
1995:
1989:
1970:
1964:
1945:
1939:
1931:
1905:
1900:
1875:
1871:
1861:
1854:
1845:
1837:
1799:
1795:
1789:
1775:
1767:
1750:Chack (2001)
1745:
1733:
1728:, p. 7.
1721:
1709:
1693:
1688:
1682:
1678:
1648:
1643:
1635:
1629:
1624:
1616:
1611:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1597:
1328:
1043:
1030:Conciergerie
991:
971:
961:
954:
938:
928:
920:
915:
911:
900:
883:
868:
840:
819:Third Estate
800:
787:
777:Swiss guards
772:
769:Palais-Royal
762:
759:Palais-Royal
746:
726:
723:Grand Master
720:
692:
658:
645:Saint-Esprit
644:
626:
620:
606:
598:
588:
584:
580:
572:
566:
558:Palais-Royal
542:
528:
525:
497:Pope Pius VI
450:
419:
414:
396:
376:
357:
352:Louis Tocqué
291:
285:
234:
221:
220:
100:(1793-11-06)
61:Portrait by
42:
29:
7315:1793 deaths
7310:1747 births
7289:WikiProject
7222:José Gulino
7216:Guy Arcizet
7192:Alain Bauer
6956:(1898–1900)
6813:(1795–1804)
6807:(1771–1792)
6583:Abbé Sieyès
6568:Montesquieu
6484:Social Club
6426:Jean Chouan
6316:Louis XVIII
6093:Roger Ducos
6063:Paul Barras
6030:Montagnards
5960:Abbé Sieyès
5763:monarchiens
5571:Netherlands
5500:(Hungarian)
5448:(Hungarian)
5364:French Navy
5290: [
5212:Jean Lannes
5069:French Army
4847:(1798–1802)
4818:(1798–1800)
4802:(1798–1801)
4532:Chouannerie
4493:(Pyrenees)
4358: [
4325:Chouannerie
4117:(Fall 1794)
4105:Robespierre
2730: [
2712:(1840–1910)
2706:(1814–1830)
2695:(1785–1793)
2689:(1752–1785)
2683:(1725–1752)
2677:(1703–1723)
2671:(1674–1701)
2669:Philippe II
2665:(1661–1674)
2659:(1626–1660)
2648:(1574–1597)
2642:(1528–1574)
2614:(1510–1528)
2603:(1328–1346)
2597:(1325–1328)
2591:(1310–1325)
2580:(1290–1302)
2564:(1280–1286)
2558:(1256–1280)
2552:(1248–1256)
2546:(1218–1248)
2540:(1205–1218)
2534:(1191–1205)
2528:(1151–1191)
2522:(1102–1151)
2516:(1089–1102)
2510:(1037–1089)
2504:(1004–1037)
2184:Chack, Paul
1838:Smithsonian
962:Montagnards
763:As the new
682:freemasonry
529:libertinage
520: 1779
312:guillotined
7304:Categories
6472:Cordeliers
6386:Talleyrand
6311:Louis XVII
6173:Hébertists
5927:Jean Debry
5757:Feuillants
5386:Opposition
5282:Michel Ney
4704:(Dec 1796)
4312:Thionville
4215:(Dec 1797)
4188:(May 1796)
4180:5 Oct 1795
4157:Directoire
4037:(painting)
3940:(Sep 1792)
3924:(Jun 1792)
3757:Great Fear
3696:(Jan 1789)
3587:Revolution
2663:Philippe I
2498:(995–1004)
2155:References
2066:1138755087
1878:(4): 669.
1696:. p. 124.
1651:. Anchor.
1068:, England;
1064:, then in
986:guillotine
553:morganatic
393:Succession
342:Early life
326:after the
288:Revolution
78:1747-04-13
7279:Templates
7224:(2012–13)
7218:(2010–12)
7212:(2008–10)
7206:(2005–08)
7194:(2000–03)
7174:(1997–99)
7165:(1994–96)
7156:(1989–92)
7147:(1987–88)
7132:(1977–79)
7123:(1973–75)
7117:(1971–73)
7111:(1969–71)
7105:(1966–69)
7096:(1964–65)
7090:(1961–64)
7060:(1936–45)
7051:(1931–34)
7042:(1927–30)
7036:(1926–27)
7030:(1925–26)
7021:(1921–22)
7015:(1920–21)
7006:(1911–13)
6997:(1909–10)
6991:(1907–09)
6985:(1905–07)
6979:(1903–05)
6973:(1900–03)
6950:(1896–98)
6944:(1895–96)
6938:(1894–95)
6932:(1893–94)
6923:(1889–92)
6917:(1887–89)
6911:(1885–87)
6899:(1870–72)
6893:(1865–70)
6887:(1861–65)
6881:(1852–61)
6875:(1851–52)
6860:(1835–42)
6854:(1833–35)
6848:(1821–33)
6842:(1814–21)
6836:(1806–14)
6830:(1805–06)
6306:Louis XVI
6301:Charles X
5952:The Plain
5863:Girondins
5803:Lafayette
5464:(Walloon)
5446:Pál Kray
5422:(Walloon)
4964:(1800–02)
4815:Quasi-War
4274:Consulate
4160:(1795–99)
3615:Consulate
3608:Directory
2492:(975–995)
2486:(960–975)
2480:(882–886)
2252:836362484
2230:763372623
2208:552986998
1604:Citations
1062:Salt Hill
1022:Marseille
1010:Austrians
931:Louis XVI
856:Louis XVI
716:feudalism
648:. At the
627:When the
621:Solitaire
534:Louis XIV
503:faction.
425:Louis XVI
332:Orléanist
322:, became
300:Louis XVI
208:Signature
7365:Jacobins
7269:Category
6666:Panthéon
6654:Muscadin
6649:Marianne
6588:Voltaire
6467:Jacobins
6460:Factions
6000:Mirabeau
5456:(French)
4350:Jemappes
4334:Dauphiné
3817:Nobility
3629:Journals
3622:Glossary
3601:Republic
3573:Timeline
2398:François
2394:Philippe
2364:Philippe
2359:Philippe
2304:Philippe
2240:(1867).
2218:(1905).
2186:(2001).
1092:Ancestry
939:Premier
831:nobility
704:Voltaire
507:Scandals
493:Catholic
477:Louis XV
436:Marriage
6548:Diderot
6294:Figures
6179:Enragés
5885:Father
5596:Prussia
5528:Britain
5477:(Saxon)
5435:(Swiss)
5402:Austria
2478:Hastein
2423:Jacques
2329:Charles
2314:Charles
2081:. BoD.
1892:1877161
912:Égalité
879:Brabant
737:Regular
501:Jacobin
459:of the
455:at the
182:Orléans
134:
126:
122:
104:Paris,
6287:Others
5626:Russia
5060:France
4725:(1797)
4595:(1796)
4330:Vendée
4307:Verdun
4134:1795–6
4077:Danton
3636:Museum
3566:Causes
2736:(1996)
2710:Robert
2657:Gaston
2354:Gaston
2250:
2228:
2206:
2196:
2085:
2064:
2002:
1977:
1952:
1912:
1890:
1816:286283
1814:
1700:
1655:
654:Keppel
641:80-gun
617:64-gun
573:Pamela
551:, the
489:livres
473:Regent
457:chapel
362:, and
277:French
247:, and
198:Mother
188:Father
112:Spouse
7259:Media
6744:Films
5661:Spain
5294:]
4362:]
4355:Namur
4340:Lille
4317:Valmy
2734:]
2675:Louis
2369:Louis
2334:Louis
2324:Henri
2319:Louis
2309:Louis
2177:vol.3
2173:vol.2
2169:vol.1
2143:[
1888:JSTOR
1812:JSTOR
1599:Notes
1085:Malta
1040:Issue
1026:Paris
976:Death
485:dowry
177:House
141:Issue
128:(
124:
6176:and
5760:and
5010:1802
4974:1801
4929:1800
4836:1799
4783:1798
4714:1797
4584:1796
4558:1795
4475:1794
4372:1793
4299:1792
4243:1799
4224:1798
4197:1797
4079:and
4070:1794
3965:1793
3898:1792
3847:1791
3801:1790
3684:1789
3657:1788
2248:OCLC
2226:OCLC
2204:OCLC
2194:ISBN
2083:ISBN
2062:ISBN
2000:ISBN
1975:ISBN
1950:ISBN
1910:ISBN
1698:ISBN
1653:ISBN
1543:15.
1485:14.
1423:13.
1365:12.
1301:11.
1243:10.
869:The
706:and
662:army
602:navy
587:and
536:and
95:Died
70:Born
5536:Sir
2126:TLS
1880:doi
1804:doi
1511:7.
1449:3.
1391:6.
1327:1.
1269:5.
1207:2.
1181:9.
1149:4.
1123:8.
1020:in
283:).
243:to
7306::
5292:fr
4360:fr
2732:fr
2202:.
2175:,
2171:,
2163:,
2102:.
1921:^
1886:.
1876:51
1874:.
1870:.
1853:,
1823:^
1810:,
1800:17
1798:,
1757:^
1664:^
1636:20
1634:.
702:,
624:.
604:.
591:.
579:,
564:.
517:c.
427:.
374:.
338:.
279::
232:.
130:m.
6782:e
6775:t
6768:v
3546:e
3539:t
3532:v
3510:*
3501:*
3392:*
3334:*
3328:*
3317:*
3248:*
3207:*
3201:*
3162:e
3155:t
3148:v
3127:^
2937:^
2905:^
2899:^
2893:^
2876:^
2859:^
2842:^
2825:^
2819:^
2793:^
2769:e
2762:t
2755:v
2574:)
2570:(
2456:e
2449:t
2442:v
2282:e
2275:t
2268:v
2254:.
2232:.
2210:.
2179:)
2089:.
2068:.
2008:.
1983:.
1958:.
1916:.
1894:.
1882::
1806::
1783:.
1704:.
1659:.
1087:.
988:.
684:.
354:.
275:(
80:)
76:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
_in_ceremonial_robes_of_the_Order_of_the_Holy_Spirit_by_Antoine_Fran%C3%A7ois_Callet.jpg)
