300:
Richard held Marash as a vassal of
Antioch. It is not clear how he acquired actual control, but he may have been appointed lord of Marash as early as 1100, when Bohemond briefly controlled it. There is no documentary evidence of Richard's title as lord of Marash, but Albert of Aachen calls him a
305:). The territorial extent of the lordship is also unknown. After 1104, it seems to have functioned as the Antiochene counterpoise to the Edessene lordship of Turbessel. Richard supplied 60 knights and 100 infantry against the Turkish invasion of Antioch in September 1111.
381:
by
Baldwin II in 1122. Although his regency would end when Joscelin was freed, Geoffrey's lordship in Marash was probably a lifetime grant. Under him, Marash seems to have asserted its independence from Antioch. Both Matthew of Edessa and Orderic Vitalis call Geoffrey a
432:; by his chaplain and scribe, named Arthur; and by ten of his vassals, men seemingly of European extraction who are named in reference to the villages they governed. In it, Baldwin grants an unidentified place named Platta to the
386:, but scholarship is divided as to whether this represents a real change in status. The territory of the lordship had been extended to cover much of the territory ruled by Kogh Vasil. Most sources record that Geoffrey died at the
232:, who invaded the territory and briefly occupied the city in 1100, according to Matthew of Edessa. Their rule was short-lived. They were captured by the Turks in an ambush in August 1100.
335:
In the chaos that followed the earthquake, the
Armenians reasserted themselves. In 1114–1115, according to both Bar Hebraeus and Ibn al-Athir, the city was ruled by the unnamed widow of
209:
crossed by this route and stopped in Marash. They did not attempt to impose their own rule, but their presence allowed the
Byzantines to appoint a governor, an Armenian named
292:
describes
Richard as returning to "his own country, Marash", after his regency of Edessa came to an end in 1108, implying that he had already acquired Marash by then.
265:. It appears that Thathoul, unable to defend the city, preferred to see it pass to Edessa rather than Antioch. Late in 1104, Joscelin was captured by the Turks at the
78:. Likewise, only one charter of a lord of Marash survives. Thus, the history of the lordship must be reconstructed almost entirely from Christian narrative sources in
369:
as regent of the county of Edessa for the captured
Joscelin of Courtenay. He may have already been the lord of Marash by 1119, when he had his own troops at the
327:, but does not name him. This could have been Richard, but was more likely his successor. There is no evidence that the lordship was yet regarded as hereditary.
103:
440:
and "is the only nobleman of the nonhern Syria region aside from the of Edessa and
Antioch known to have used one, a further mark of his high standing."
511:
449:
387:
253:. He placed the general Monastros in charge of the city. When the latter was recalled, Thathoul returned to power and handed the city over to
464:
on 29 June 1149, Joscelin took control of the lordship in the name of his daughter. On 11 September 1149, the city fell to the Seljuk sultan
772:
347:
defeated the
Armenians. The first indication that he restored the lordship of Marash is the reference to a steward (
429:
872:
413:. Baldwin requested aid from the Byzantines, which came in 1137–1138, and in return for which he may have done
17:
867:
517:
370:
827:
481:
373:. On the other hand, Michael the Syrian seems to imply that he was granted lordship over Marash, Kesoun,
254:
206:
276:
was give control of Marash during his lord's imprisonment. Tancred called on Marash for assistance when
313:
490:
229:
183:
46:, it played a major role in the defence of the northern frontier in the 1130s and 1140s under Lords
862:
406:
280:
invaded his country in 1105. The unnamed vassal is described as the lord of Marash and
Joscelin's
309:
250:
428:
issued by a lord of Marash is one of
Baldwin's from the 1140s. It was witnessed by his wife; by
418:
324:
214:
457:
225:
202:
187:
159:
323:
became regent of Antioch. Walter the Chancellor records that the lord of Marash died during
782:
Beech, George T. (1996). "The Crusader Lordship of Marash in Armenian Cilicia, 1104–1149".
344:
111:
8:
398:
179:
831:
521:
453:
285:
246:
119:
201:
Marash was a strategically important city, for it controlled a major pass through the
768:
505:
499:
394:
366:
124:
99:
79:
51:
47:
288:
in 1108. By that year, however, Marash had passed to Richard of the Principate. The
791:
320:
277:
266:
262:
210:
195:
191:
147:
39:
760:
414:
281:
218:
198:. Marash and its immediate environs, however, continued to be ruled by his sons.
163:
155:
87:
83:
67:
43:
461:
91:
55:
795:
393:
There is no record of the lordship between 1124 and 1136. In the latter year,
128:
are the next most valuable sources after Matthew of Edessa. The Syriac author
856:
437:
402:
186:
and was the seat of an autonomous principality ruled by an Armenian general,
151:
143:
812:
433:
139:
129:
75:
71:
816:
469:
410:
401:, became lord. He was immediately attacked. Kesoun was besieged by the
336:
194:. On Philaretos' death in 1085, most of his territory was taken by the
818:
La Syrie du nord a l'époque des Croisades et la principauté d'Antioche
308:
Around the same time the lordship was established, Bohemond set up a
272:
From the writings of Ibn al-Furat, it appears that one of Joscelin's
258:
175:
805:
The Principality of Antioch and Its Frontiers in the Twelfth Century
465:
425:
378:
354:
349:
134:
35:
374:
340:
273:
620:
618:
616:
614:
383:
132:
contributes a little. The most important Greek source is the
38:
between 1104 and 1149, centred on the city of Marash (today
845:
The Latin Church in the Crusader States: The Secular Church
224:
The first crusaders to seize control of Marash were Prince
611:
213:. In 1097, one of the leaders of the First Crusade, Count
679:
677:
675:
27:
12th-century territorial lordship in northeastern Cilicia
828:"Un épisode épico-féodal franc dans une chronique arabe"
601:
599:
390:
in 1124, but William of Tyre places his death in 1131.
765:
The Creation of the Principality of Antioch, 1098–1130
701:
689:
672:
662:
660:
533:
66:
The lordship of Marash is mentioned in passing in the
838:. Presses universitaires de France. pp. 129–132.
647:
645:
630:
596:
586:
584:
557:
737:
725:
713:
657:
174:Marash had a population of several thousand and an
642:
581:
569:
545:
854:
319:Richard was probably dead by 1112, when his son
284:during the fighting between Joscelin and Prince
249:occupied Marash during his campaign against the
146:, while the most important Latin historians are
217:, married as his second wife an Armenian named
221:, who may have been the daughter of Thathoul.
94:. The most important of these is the Armenian
472:, he slaughtered the surrendered defenders.
34:was a territorial lordship in northeastern
353:) of Marash named Arnulf, who died during
108:Chronicle of the Kingdom of Little Armenia
54:. Its position became untenable after the
365:In 1122, Baldwin II, now king, appointed
269:. He remained their prisoner until 1108.
842:
759:
624:
14:
855:
836:La Noblesse au Moyen Âge XI–XV siècles
190:, under the nominal suzerainty of the
114:also contains information. The Syriac
825:
811:
781:
743:
731:
719:
707:
695:
683:
666:
651:
636:
605:
590:
575:
563:
551:
539:
448:Baldwin was succeeded by his brother
360:
330:
802:
295:
436:. He confirmed the document with a
142:and its continuation after 1118 by
24:
61:
25:
884:
468:. Violating his own provision of
475:
752:
430:steward of the County of Edessa
245:In 1104, the Byzantine general
13:
1:
205:. In the autumn of 1097, the
169:
371:battle of the Field of Blood
178:majority since at least the
7:
460:. When Reynald died at the
443:
357:'s offensive in late 1119.
240:
207:armies of the First Crusade
10:
889:
843:Hamilton, Bernard (1980).
314:Latin patriarch of Antioch
235:
70:(Muslim) sources, such as
796:10.1484/j.viator.2.301121
518:Joscelin (II) of Courteny
491:Richard of the Principate
230:Richard of the Principate
122:and the anonymous Syriac
102:, continued from 1137 by
803:Buck, Andrew D. (2017).
527:
482:Joscelin (I) of Courteny
397:, the brother of Prince
339:, the Armenian ruler of
310:Latin diocese of Marash
251:Principality of Antioch
873:1149 disestablishments
826:Cahen, Claude (1976).
343:. In 1116–1118, Count
767:. The Boydell Press.
452:, who was married to
417:. He died during the
405:that year and Prince
325:an earthquake in 1114
226:Bohemond I of Antioch
203:Anti-Taurus Mountains
188:Philaretos Brachamios
160:Walter the Chancellor
42:). One of the lesser
520:(1149) on behalf of
487:unnamed (1104?–1108)
456:, daughter of Count
345:Baldwin II of Edessa
255:Joscelin of Courteny
112:Sempad the Constable
868:1104 establishments
627:, pp. 162–163.
424:The only surviving
215:Baldwin I of Edessa
182:in 1071. It had an
180:battle of Manzikert
832:Philippe Contamine
542:, pp. 39, 42.
496:unnamed? (d. 1114)
454:Agnes of Courtenay
399:Raymond of Antioch
361:Geoffrey and Basil
331:Armenian interlude
286:Tancred of Antioch
247:Manuel Boutoumites
120:Michael the Syrian
104:Gregory the Priest
32:Lordship of Marash
774:978-0-85115-661-3
710:, pp. 45–47.
698:, pp. 44–45.
686:, pp. 43–45.
639:, pp. 40–41.
608:, pp. 39–40.
566:, pp. 36–38.
500:Geoffrey the Monk
367:Geoffrey the Monk
296:Vassal of Antioch
290:Chronicle of 1234
125:Chronicle of 1234
100:Matthew of Edessa
16:(Redirected from
880:
848:
839:
822:
808:
807:. Boydell Press.
799:
778:
761:Asbridge, Thomas
747:
741:
735:
729:
723:
717:
711:
705:
699:
693:
687:
681:
670:
664:
655:
649:
640:
634:
628:
622:
609:
603:
594:
588:
579:
573:
567:
561:
555:
549:
543:
537:
502:(1122–1124/1131)
493:(1108–1111/1112)
278:Ridwan of Aleppo
267:battle of Harran
263:County of Edessa
192:Byzantine Empire
148:Albert of Aachen
21:
888:
887:
883:
882:
881:
879:
878:
877:
863:Crusader states
853:
852:
851:
775:
755:
750:
742:
738:
730:
726:
718:
714:
706:
702:
694:
690:
682:
673:
665:
658:
650:
643:
635:
631:
623:
612:
604:
597:
589:
582:
574:
570:
562:
558:
550:
546:
538:
534:
530:
478:
446:
419:siege of Edessa
388:siege of Manbij
363:
333:
312:subject to the
298:
282:standard-bearer
243:
238:
184:Armenian bishop
172:
164:William of Tyre
156:Orderic Vitalis
64:
62:Primary sources
44:Crusader states
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
886:
876:
875:
870:
865:
850:
849:
840:
823:
809:
800:
779:
773:
756:
754:
751:
749:
748:
736:
724:
712:
700:
688:
671:
656:
641:
629:
610:
595:
580:
568:
556:
544:
531:
529:
526:
525:
524:
515:
509:
503:
497:
494:
488:
485:
477:
474:
462:battle of Inab
445:
442:
407:Leo of Armenia
362:
359:
332:
329:
297:
294:
242:
239:
237:
234:
171:
168:
63:
60:
56:fall of Edessa
26:
18:Lord of Marash
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
885:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
860:
858:
846:
841:
837:
833:
829:
824:
820:
819:
814:
813:Cahen, Claude
810:
806:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
780:
776:
770:
766:
762:
758:
757:
746:, p. 50.
745:
740:
734:, p. 49.
733:
728:
722:, p. 48.
721:
716:
709:
704:
697:
692:
685:
680:
678:
676:
669:, p. 42.
668:
663:
661:
654:, p. 41.
653:
648:
646:
638:
633:
626:
625:Asbridge 2000
621:
619:
617:
615:
607:
602:
600:
593:, p. 39.
592:
587:
585:
578:, p. 38.
577:
572:
565:
560:
554:, p. 36.
553:
548:
541:
536:
532:
523:
519:
516:
513:
510:
507:
504:
501:
498:
495:
492:
489:
486:
483:
480:
479:
476:List of lords
473:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
441:
439:
435:
431:
427:
422:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
403:Danishmendids
400:
396:
391:
389:
385:
380:
376:
372:
368:
358:
356:
352:
351:
346:
342:
338:
328:
326:
322:
317:
315:
311:
306:
304:
293:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
270:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
233:
231:
227:
222:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
199:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
167:
165:
161:
157:
153:
152:Ralph of Caen
149:
145:
144:John Kinnamos
141:
137:
136:
131:
127:
126:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
59:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
40:Kahramanmaraş
37:
33:
19:
844:
835:
817:
804:
787:
783:
764:
753:Bibliography
739:
727:
715:
703:
691:
632:
571:
559:
547:
535:
447:
434:Hospitallers
423:
392:
364:
348:
334:
318:
307:
302:
299:
289:
271:
244:
223:
200:
196:Seljuk Turks
173:
140:Anna Komnene
133:
130:Bar Hebraeus
123:
115:
107:
95:
76:Ibn al-Athir
72:Ibn al-Furat
65:
31:
29:
821:. Geuthner.
514:(1146–1149)
508:(1136–1146)
470:safeconduct
458:Joscelin II
411:Servantikar
857:Categories
847:. Ashgate.
744:Beech 1996
732:Beech 1996
720:Beech 1996
708:Beech 1996
696:Beech 1996
684:Beech 1996
667:Beech 1996
652:Beech 1996
637:Beech 1996
606:Beech 1996
591:Beech 1996
576:Beech 1996
564:Beech 1996
552:Beech 1996
540:Beech 1996
337:Kogh Vasil
303:praefectus
257:, lord of
170:Background
790:: 35–52.
421:in 1146.
301:prefect (
259:Turbessel
116:Chronicle
96:Chronicle
58:in 1146.
815:(1940).
763:(2000).
444:Conquest
241:Creation
211:Thathoul
176:Armenian
80:Armenian
48:Geoffrey
834:(ed.).
512:Reynald
506:Baldwin
466:Mesud I
450:Reynald
426:charter
409:seized
395:Baldwin
379:Behesni
355:Ilghazi
350:dapifer
274:vassals
261:in the
236:History
135:Alexiad
52:Baldwin
36:Cilicia
784:Viator
771:
484:(1104)
415:homage
375:Araban
341:Kesoun
106:. The
84:Syriac
68:Arabic
830:. In
528:Notes
522:Agnes
384:count
321:Roger
92:Latin
88:Greek
769:ISBN
438:seal
377:and
228:and
219:Arda
162:and
90:and
74:and
50:and
30:The
792:doi
138:of
118:of
110:of
98:of
859::
788:27
786:.
674:^
659:^
644:^
613:^
598:^
583:^
316:.
166:.
158:,
154:,
150:,
86:,
82:,
798:.
794::
777:.
20:)
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