206:, a German journalist, whose almost flawless English accent sounded like that of a caricature of an upper-crust Englishman. However, Mittler made just five or six broadcasts and was quickly replaced by other speakers, leading to uncertainty over whom Barrington had meant. Some British media and listeners used the name "Lord Haw-Haw" for all English-language German broadcasters, although other nicknames, such as "Sinister Sam", were occasionally used by the BBC to distinguish among obviously different speakers. Poor reception may have contributed to some listeners' difficulties in distinguishing between broadcasters. By the end of 1939, when Joyce had become the most prominent and regular broadcaster of English-language Nazi propaganda, the name was applied exclusively to him. Indeed, the Germans soon capitalised on the publicity generated in Britain and began announcing Joyce's talks as by "William Joyce, otherwise known as Lord Haw-Haw".
69:
25:
453:
251:, stated that Mittler "sounded almost like a caricature of an Englishman". Mittler told the BBC in 1991 that it "can't have been more than five or six times" that he made the broadcasts "because I remember quite distinctly that these two chaps, Stewart and Joyce, popped up and relieved me of the job". In 1943, Mittler was deemed suspect and arrested by the
323:
regarded as Lord Haw-Haw, even though he was probably not the person first so called. He had a peculiar hybrid accent that was not of the conventional upper-class variety. His distinctive nasal pronunciation of "Germany calling, Germany calling" may have been the result of a fight as a schoolboy that left him with a broken nose.
273:
for selling secrets to Nazi
Germany. He worked as a broadcaster for the German broadcaster RRG between August and December 1939. He was imprisoned for five years by the British after the war. For a time he claimed that he was the original Lord Haw-Haw. He did have an upper-class accent, but he later
242:
is widely believed to be the voice that Jonah
Barrington originally wrote about, thus making Mittler the original 'Lord Haw-Haw'. Mittler, who was a German journalist, spoke almost flawless English, which he had learned from his mother, who had been born of German parents in Ireland. His persona was
739:
James R. Clark was a young
English broadcaster and a friend of William Joyce. Clark and his pro-Nazi mother, Dorothy Eckersley, were both tried for treason after the war. Dorothy Eckersley was born Dorothy Stephen in 1893. She later married Edward Clark, a musician, and had a son, James Clark, who
148:
Although the broadcasts were well known to be Nazi propaganda, they frequently offered the only details available from behind enemy lines concerning the fate of friends and relatives who did not return from bombing raids over
Germany. As a result, Allied troops and civilians frequently listened to
144:
war effort through propaganda, and to motivate the Allies to agree to peace terms leaving the Nazi regime intact and in power. Among many techniques used, the Nazi broadcasts reported on the shooting down of Allied aircraft and the sinking of Allied ships, presenting discouraging reports of high
322:
In
February 1940, the BBC noted that the Lord Haw-Haw of the early war days (possibly Mittler) was now rarely heard on the air and had been replaced by a new spokesman. Joyce was the main German broadcaster in English for most of the war, and became a naturalised German citizen; he is usually
318:
identified "one of the subsidiary announcers" on German radio, "with a marked nasal intonation", as one of its former members and distanced itself from him as a "renegade", whose broadcasts were "likely only to rouse the fighting ire of the average Briton".
612:, includes a plot point where certain characters had been trapped during a bombing raid, and heard pro-German propaganda broadcast on the radio; later, other characters speculated about the identity of the broadcaster, with several mentions of Lord Haw-Haw.
133:. The next scheduled broadcast was made by Horst Pinschewer (also known as Geoffrey Perry), a German-Jewish refugee serving in the British Army who announced the British takeover. Pinschewer was later responsible for the capture of William Joyce.
685:
opened at Hope Street
Theatre, Liverpool on 1 November 2023. Produced by Matter of Act Theatre Company, the play starred Toby Harris as William Joyce, and Simon Futty as Gerald Slade KC. The play was directed by Dave
492:
concerns a sinister radio broadcaster delivering propaganda and fake news, apparently from
Germany. He turns out to be an impostor working within the inner British Council, given away only by the nature of his facial
1573:
735:
is another possible, but less likely, candidate for the original Lord Haw-Haw. He was one of the
English-speaking announcers with an "upper-crust accent" who were heard on German radio in the early days of the
748:
and fascism led her to move to
Germany with her son, enrolling him (by then aged 17 years) in a German school. After this move, "Dorothy Eckersley came to play a key role in William Joyce's fate in Berlin".
1214:
149:
Lord Haw-Haw's broadcasts despite the often inflammatory content and frequent inaccuracies and exaggerations, in the hope of hearing clues as to the fate of Allied troops and air crews.
502:
has a brief sequence with an anthropomorphic donkey wearing a monocle, seated at a desk with a sign reading "Lord Hee Haw, Chief Wind Bag", as he reads from a script into a microphone.
1097:
364:
on 3 January 1946. Joyce's defence team, appointed by the court, argued that, as an
American citizen and naturalised German, Joyce could not be convicted of treason against the
440:, by a German friend who assured him that the talks would be broadcast only to the neutral United States. They were, however, relayed to the UK on a little-known channel. An
103:. The same nickname was also applied to some other broadcasters of English-language propaganda from Germany, but it is Joyce with whom the name is overwhelmingly identified.
425:
326:
Joyce, initially an anonymous broadcaster like the others, eventually revealed his real name to his listeners. The Germans capitalised on the fame of the Lord Haw-Haw
744:, a senior figure working in the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). After ten years of marriage to Peter Eckersley, Dorothy's increasing interest in German
46:
300:
William Joyce replaced Mittler in 1939. Joyce was American-born and raised in Ireland, and as a teenager he was an informant to the British forces about the
137:
140:
attempted to discourage and demoralise American, Australian, British, and Canadian troops, and the British population, to suppress the effectiveness of the
412:, in which Joyce's broadcasts are shown to predict actual disasters and defeats, thus, according to the storyline, seriously undermining British morale.
372:
successfully argued that, since he had lied about his nationality to obtain a British passport and voted in Britain, Joyce owed allegiance to the king.
1328:
179:" who "speaks English of the haw-haw, damit-get-out-of-my-way variety". Four days later, he gave him the nickname 'Lord Haw-Haw'. He wrote scathingly:
1549:
583:, as "Lord Haw-Haw" due to his tendency to sprinkle his conversation with the phrase "haw-haw". The Earl was noted as using the phrase in real life.
398:
wood , Haw-Haw had carried in his pocket a secret weapon capable of annihilating an armoured brigade". This mood was reflected in the wartime film
274:
concluded that it was probably Mittler whose voice Barrington had heard. He may, however, have been the broadcaster the BBC called "Sinister Sam".
1563:
1600:
1192:
444:
investigation, conducted shortly after Wodehouse's release from Germany, but published only after his death, found no evidence of treachery.
436:
was tricked into broadcasting, not propaganda, but rather his own satiric accounts of his capture by the Germans and civil internment as an
247:. It was said that he found broadcasting political matters distasteful and that he was happy to be replaced. One of those who replaced him,
633:(1963), features Lord Ha-Ha, a pro-Nazi British broadcaster. Unlike William Joyce, Lord Ha-Ha is a British aristocrat, Sir Percival Hawley.
827:
1094:
957:
350:
forces in North Africa. Mittler survived the war and appeared on postwar German radio, and occasionally television, until his death.
33:
1232:
1627:
1574:"Obituary: Geoffrey Perry: Soldier who captured Lord Haw-Haw by shooting him in the backside then forged a noted publishing empire"
154:
488:
400:
129:
to the United States. The programme began on 18 September 1939 and continued until 30 April 1945, when the British Army overran
1662:
542:(1969) a fictitious Lord Haw-Haw broadcast is heard in which Haw-Haw reveals details of the titular raid before it takes place.
802:
576:
1622:
312:, and fled England when tipped off about his planned internment on 26 August 1939. In October 1939, the Fascist newspaper
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presents evidence that shows that, during his trial, Joyce may have agreed not to reveal his pre-war links with
1652:
1632:
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166:
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210:
958:"Mary Kenny Author and Journalist of Germany Calling, a personal biography of Lord Haw-Haw, William Joyce"
545:
In the movie Sardar Udham (2021), a Lord Haw-Haw broadcast announces the assassination of Michael O'Dwyer.
1647:
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1049:
580:
512:
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Dorothy Eckersley...a political radical... with her connections got William Joyce hired by German Radio
157:
of this; consequently, more attention was given to the official reports of British military casualties.
741:
122:
77:
356:
Joyce was captured by British forces in northern Germany just as the war ended, tried, and eventually
1006:"Goebbel's Iowan: Frederick W. Kaltenbach and Nazi Short-Wave Radio Broadcasts to America, 1939-1945"
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Joyce's radio broadcasts and his relationship with his wife were dramatised in the stage play
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421:
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1398:
8:
762:
Nazi wireless propaganda: Lord Haw-Haw and British public opinion in the Second World War
507:
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As J. A. Cole has written, "the British public would not have been surprised if, in that
223:
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I imagine him having a receding chin, a questing nose, thin yellow hair brushed back, a
1150:
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99:. The broadcasts opened with "Germany calling, Germany calling," spoken in an affected
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387:, the head of the MI5 section B5(b), as part of a deal to spare his wife Margaret, a
227:
to refer to Lord Haw-Haw, causing some confusion between nicknames and broadcasters.
604:
557:
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150:
96:
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596:(1962), Howard W. Campbell Jr., is a Nazi propagandist modeled after Lord Haw-Haw.
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339:
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113:
92:
1215:"World War II German propaganda radio broadcaster 'Lord Haw Haw' was born in US"
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and came to announce him as "William Joyce, otherwise known as Lord Haw-Haw".
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After Joyce took over, Mittler was paired with the American-born announcer
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Other British subjects willingly made propaganda broadcasts, including
343:
270:
259:. After the war, he worked extensively for German radio and television.
524:(1949), American bomber commanders listen to a Lord Haw-Haw broadcast.
456:"Lord Hee Haw, Chief Wind-Bag" from the 1943 animated propaganda film
1471:
Germany Calling – A Personal Biography of Lord Haw-Haw, William Joyce
1446:
Germany Calling – A Personal Biography of Lord Haw-Haw, William Joyce
933:
Germany Calling – A Personal Biography of Lord Haw-Haw, William Joyce
395:
126:
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was born in 1923. She divorced her first husband and was married to
656:
630:
327:
243:
described by some listeners as similar to the fictional aristocrat
188:
760:
Doherty, M. A (2000). "Organisation of Nazi Wireless Propaganda".
476:
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broadcaster known as Lady Haw-Haw, from prosecution for treason.
361:
357:
278:
252:
184:
130:
894:
Barrington, Jonah (14 September 1939). "Radio is So Wonderful".
209:
In reference to the nickname, an American pro-Nazi broadcaster,
24:
745:
515:
as Herr Joyce/Lord Haw, based on William Joyce as Lord Haw-Haw.
76:
lies in an ambulance under armed guard before being taken from
165:
In a newspaper article of 14 September 1939, the radio critic
452:
347:
533:(1967) a brief portion of a Lord Haw-Haw broadcast is heard.
353:
Baillie-Stewart was sentenced to five years' imprisonment.
202:
The voice Barrington heard is widely believed to be that of
1388:, theatre programme. Holborn Empire theatre, December 1939.
873:. Lexington, Ky: University Press of Kentucky. p. 47.
871:
Whistling in the dark: memory and culture in wartime London
1233:"Lord Haw-Haw: The traitor executed for helping the Nazis"
1199:. Vol. XLV, no. 24. 11 June 1945. Archived from
230:
1567:
441:
1272:. London: British Pathé. 25 January 1940. Archived from
117:
was broadcast to audiences in the United Kingdom on the
16:
Nickname applied to several Nazi propaganda broadcasters
909:
Barrington, Jonah (18 September 1939). "Lord Haw-Haw".
415:
1596:
Archive of Lord Haw-Haw broadcasts at Earth Station 1
235:
A number of announcers could have been Lord Haw-Haw:
138:
Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda
1547:
175:wrote of hearing a gent "moaning periodically from
1550:"Recordings by William Joyce (collections search)"
780:Haw-Haw: The Tragedy of William and Margaret Joyce
377:Haw-Haw: The Tragedy of William and Margaret Joyce
1050:"Germany calls again as Lord Haw-Haw goes online"
1614:
1520:Lord Haw-Haw & William Joyce: The Full Story
1037:Lord Haw-Haw & William Joyce: the Full Story
567:(1973), from the series of historical novels by
111:The English-language propaganda radio programme
820:
1564:"Secret files released on Lord Haw Haw's wife"
475:played Lord Haw-Haw for laughs in a series of
333:
95:to the United Kingdom from Germany during the
447:
281:-born broadcaster of a mixed German–British–
145:losses and casualties among Allied forces.
1462:
1254:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1252:Wodehouse, Sir Pelham Grenville (1881–1975)
862:
908:
893:
987:
985:
983:
828:"Churchill's German Army. Geoffrey Perry"
764:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
868:
451:
67:
49:of all important aspects of the article.
1473:(2 ed.). New Island. p. 192.
1448:(2 ed.). New Island. p. 152.
1431:
1419:
1294:
1135:
1079:Germany Calling - The Voice of the Nazi
1065:
991:
926:
924:
922:
920:
759:
489:Sherlock Holmes and the Voice of Terror
401:Sherlock Holmes and the Voice of Terror
231:Announcers associated with the nickname
91:and several other people who broadcast
1615:
1503:As Luck Would Have It in War and Peace
1249:
1179:
980:
795:Treason: Famous English Treason Trials
792:
663:theatre in London on 22 December 1939.
45:Please consider expanding the lead to
1544:, including documents and broadcasts.
1500:
1468:
1443:
1352:
930:
856:
834:. National Geographic. Archived from
728:
577:James Brudenell, 7th Earl of Cardigan
496:The 1943 animated propaganda cartoon
308:. He was also a senior member of the
160:
1517:
1401:. Irish Playography. 3 February 1986
1034:
917:
608:, set in a military hospital during
416:Other British subjects who broadcast
106:
18:
1329:"American Fascism and Mother Night"
1326:
1193:"THE OCCUPATION: Renegade's Return"
1085:, originally broadcast 16 May 1991.
622:Sgt. Fury and his Howling Commandos
13:
1494:
1003:
14:
1679:
1535:
955:
615:The fourth issue of the American
221:name was also used for a time by
1522:. Farrar, Straus, & Giroux.
1501:Biggs, Stanley Champion (2007).
1270:British Pathé historical archive
1266:""Nasti" News from Lord Haw Haw"
683:Haw Haw: A Very British Betrayal
346:programme and also broadcast to
289:
23:
1628:Collaboration with Nazi Germany
1542:Lord Haw-Haw at the BBC Archive
1437:
1425:
1413:
1391:
1379:
1361:
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1320:
1288:
1258:
1250:Sproat, Iain (September 2004).
1243:
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1129:
1107:
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1039:. Faber and Faber. p. 126.
1028:
511:features a character played by
191:in his buttonhole. Rather like
37:may be too short to adequately
997:
949:
902:
887:
850:
481:"Nasti" News From Lord Haw-Haw
424:, who broadcast on the German
255:, but he managed to escape to
47:provide an accessible overview
1:
1663:Treason in the United Kingdom
1587:, a February 2005 story from
1304:. London: Routledge. p.
1169:. 19 October 1939. p. 8.
1154:. 12 October 1939. p. 8.
722:
549:
479:Gazette short subjects named
136:Through such broadcasts, the
1585:"My Father and Lord Haw Haw"
1548:Imperial War Museum (2013).
1125:– via tvprogramme.net.
265:was a former officer of the
7:
1623:British radio personalities
1353:Brand, Christianna (1944).
690:
581:Charge of the Light Brigade
334:Later history and aftermath
80:Headquarters to a hospital.
10:
1684:
1643:German radio personalities
1357:. London: The Bodley Head.
1148:"German Radio Announcer".
1056:. Dublin. 4 February 2010.
935:(2 ed.). New Island.
869:Freedman, Jean R. (1999).
797:. Alan Sutton Publishing.
637:
448:In literature and the arts
293:
217:by the British media. The
101:upper-class English accent
87:was a nickname applied to
1658:Radio during World War II
1301:The Great War with Russia
681:Jim Blythe's stage play,
678:played the role of Joyce.
579:, who led the disastrous
310:British Union of Fascists
306:Irish War of Independence
1576:, 17 October 2014, from
813:
778:Farndale, Nigel (2005).
1505:. Trafford Publishing.
1296:Russell, William Howard
1115:"Programm vom Dienstag"
569:George MacDonald Fraser
539:The Thousand Plane Raid
465:
155:Ministry of Information
1566:, an 11 November 2000
586:The main character of
564:Flashman at the Charge
462:
263:Norman Baillie-Stewart
249:Norman Baillie-Stewart
200:
153:interviews warned the
81:
1653:Nazi propaganda radio
1633:Collective pseudonyms
793:Wharam, Alan (1995).
571:, the main character
455:
422:Raymond Davies Hughes
181:
71:
1518:Cole, J. A. (1965).
1469:Kenny, Mary (2004).
1444:Kenny, Mary (2004).
1333:thedailyvonnegut.com
1203:on 21 December 2011.
1100:19 July 2011 at the
1035:Cole, J. A. (1964).
931:Kenny, Mary (2004).
729:Smith, John (2020).
471:In the 1940s, actor
434:P. G. Wodehouse
267:Seaforth Highlanders
123:Reichssender Hamburg
1668:Radio controversies
1603:: 20 November 1941
1016:on 10 November 2017
1004:Laurie, Clayton D.
968:on 21 February 2010
602:'s detective novel
521:Twelve O'Clock High
508:Passport to Destiny
304:members during the
224:The Daily Telegraph
78:British Second Army
1648:Nazi propagandists
1638:Nicknames in radio
1276:on 18 January 2013
746:National Socialism
702:British Free Corps
463:
285:family background.
211:Fred W. Kaltenbach
187:, a vacant eye, a
161:Origin of the name
82:
1601:"Haw-Haw's Dodge"
1239:. 3 January 2016.
1219:pressandguide.com
804:978-0-7509-0991-4
651:with sketches by
600:Christianna Brand
404:(1942), starring
277:Eduard Dietze, a
107:Aim of broadcasts
64:
63:
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1355:Green for Danger
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1327:Farrell, Susan.
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1165:"German Radio".
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964:. Archived from
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659:, opened at the
643:A comedy revue,
605:Green for Danger
213:, was nicknamed
167:Jonah Barrington
151:Mass-Observation
97:Second World War
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1579:The Independent
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1221:. 15 July 2020.
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1117:. 29 March 1960
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1102:Wayback Machine
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1054:The Irish Times
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838:on 21 June 2013
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712:Pyongyang Sally
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530:The Dirty Dozen
473:Geoffrey Sumner
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426:Radio Metropole
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389:Germany Calling
368:. However, the
340:Mildred Gillars
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385:Maxwell Knight
381:Nigel Farndale
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245:Bertie Wooster
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1553:. Retrieved
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1445:
1439:
1434:, p. 11
1432:Doherty 2000
1427:
1420:Doherty 2000
1415:
1403:. Retrieved
1393:
1385:
1381:
1372:
1369:"Lord Ha-Ha"
1363:
1354:
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1336:. Retrieved
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1290:
1278:. Retrieved
1274:the original
1269:
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1209:
1201:the original
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1136:Doherty 2000
1131:
1119:. Retrieved
1109:
1090:
1082:
1073:
1068:, p. 10
1066:Doherty 2000
1061:
1053:
1045:
1036:
1030:
1018:. Retrieved
1014:the original
1009:
999:
994:, p. 13
992:Doherty 2000
970:. Retrieved
966:the original
961:
951:
932:
910:
904:
898:. p. 3.
895:
889:
870:
864:
859:, p. 25
852:
840:. Retrieved
836:the original
832:natgeotv.com
831:
822:
794:
782:. Macmillan
779:
761:
753:Bibliography
752:
751:
731:Smith's Book
730:
707:Hanoi Hannah
682:
668:Double Cross
667:
649:George Black
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610:World War II
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593:Mother Night
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240:Wolf Mittler
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215:Lord Hee-Haw
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182:
170:
164:
147:
135:
112:
110:
85:Lord Haw-Haw
84:
83:
65:
52:
36:
34:lead section
1180:Wharam 1995
1138:, p. 7
1083:BBC Archive
676:Stephen Rea
670:(1983), by
561:(1969) and
499:Tokio Jokio
459:Tokio Jokio
438:enemy alien
410:Nigel Bruce
370:prosecution
257:Switzerland
119:medium wave
1617:Categories
1405:3 November
1338:3 November
1020:18 October
1010:Traces.org
857:Smith 2020
723:References
717:Tokyo Rose
697:Axis Sally
653:Max Miller
627:Jack Kirby
617:comic book
575:refers to
550:Literature
513:Gavin Muir
430:John Amery
344:Axis Sally
269:, who was
55:March 2024
1511:230986018
1314:758948288
396:Flensburg
283:Hungarian
271:cashiered
127:shortwave
39:summarize
1555:14 April
1386:Haw-Haw!
1298:(1895).
1098:Archived
972:21 April
691:See also
657:Ben Lyon
645:Haw-Haw!
631:Stan Lee
558:Flashman
328:nickname
189:gardenia
121:station
1609:article
1570:article
1280:8 March
1121:6 April
686:Baxter.
638:Theatre
619:series
362:treason
342:in the
279:Glasgow
253:Gestapo
185:monocle
169:of the
131:Hamburg
125:and by
1528:318091
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1312:
1167:Action
1151:Action
939:
877:
842:3 June
801:
786:
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428:, and
358:hanged
315:Action
177:Zeesen
142:Allied
72:1945:
814:Notes
625:, by
493:scar.
477:Pathé
348:ANZAC
1606:Time
1557:2013
1524:OCLC
1507:OCLC
1475:ISBN
1450:ISBN
1407:2022
1340:2022
1310:OCLC
1282:2011
1197:Time
1123:2011
1022:2018
974:2010
937:ISBN
875:ISBN
844:2022
799:ISBN
784:ISBN
766:ISBN
736:war.
655:and
629:and
466:Film
408:and
360:for
1568:CNN
1306:177
1081:',
590:'s
442:MI5
375:In
302:IRA
1619::
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