330:, and having been president of the California Society of Internal Medicine since 1974, was appointed to lead a committee established to re-draft the rules. He had noted problems in the policy of mandatory testing of all black people, saying at a press conference that "who is black or how black is black" is not always clear. He also criticized the screening programs for providing inappropriate counselling. One problem he highlighted was that it could lead to the racial status providing grounds to increase insurance premiums.
405:, published in 2004. The report found that the medical workforce in the United States was not as diverse as the population it served. The document adds to evidence that calls for greater racial and ethnic diversity among health professionals, with the aim of improving access to care for racial and ethnic minorities. In 2005 he was chosen to chair a committee established to assess the medical needs of disabled veterans. It resulted in the 2007
342:, Bristow was elected onto the AMA board of trustees. At the time, he told the press that he wanted to show that "competence is not determined by skin color", and that he would advocate for better health care for minorities. During his tenure as Chair of the AMA Board of Trustees, it was successful in obtaining partial AMA support for the
434:
The
California Medical Action Committee awarded Bristow their Award of Excellence in 1976. The following year he was elected to the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences. In 1989, he received the Contra Costa County Humanitarian of the Year award, and the following year received
325:
Before universal testing of newborns, and two years after drafting of a
California state policy to "detect, as early as possible, sickle cell anaemia", it was announced that it would be enforced, with the requirement to test "all black hospital patients in California". Bristow, an advocate for
262:. He was inspired by visits to his mother at her workplace to enter the medical profession. He later recounted that "one of the things that most impressed me in those visits was the realization that many cultures were represented on the staff." He attended
421:
Bristow was married to
Margaret Jeter from 1957 to 1961, when they divorced. That year he married Marilyn Hingslage, a nurse; she died in 2017. He has three children, one from his first marriage and two from the second. His son, Robert Bristow, is an
1504:
1462:
401:
361:. He had previously been a member of with the Centers for Disease Control Advisory Committee on the Prevention of HIV Infection, and the Quadrennial Advisory Council on Social Security.
1511:
2694:
1980:
1658:
2239:
869:"Lonnie Bristow / The new head of the American Medical Association talks about the failure of health care reform, insurance company profiteering and proposed cuts in Medicare"
1676:
1610:
2436:
1765:
736:
868:
1128:
2555:
2418:
574:
Todd, J. S.; Rennie, D.; McAfee, R. E.; Bristow, L. R.; Painter, J. T.; Reardon, T. R.; Johnson, D. H.; Corlin, R. F.; Coble, Y. D.; Dickey, N. W. (19 July 1995).
1472:
2704:
2519:
2484:
2430:
2144:
2054:
1998:
1520:
2537:
2209:
2168:
2120:
2033:
1938:
2709:
2627:
2191:
2078:
2027:
1652:
2591:
2531:
2525:
2502:
2466:
2424:
2376:
2364:
2293:
2257:
2048:
1950:
1723:
234:, published in 2004. In 2005 he was chosen to chair a committee established to assess the medical needs of disabled veterans, which resulted in the 2007
2651:
2645:
2615:
2394:
2388:
2317:
2311:
2299:
2263:
2251:
2227:
2215:
2138:
2090:
2039:
1884:
1813:
1717:
2719:
2639:
2609:
2597:
2585:
2579:
2573:
2412:
2400:
2382:
2341:
2335:
2281:
2275:
2233:
2162:
2156:
1974:
1819:
1682:
1580:
774:
2621:
2448:
2358:
2323:
2287:
2132:
2102:
2066:
1890:
1878:
1759:
1735:
1640:
1604:
1562:
1497:
978:
2603:
2460:
2329:
2197:
2114:
2072:
2060:
1908:
1843:
1771:
1699:
1670:
927:
Bristow noted many difficulties with mass sickle cell tests: It's not always possible to determine "who is black or how black is black," he said.
279:
59:
2370:
2245:
2150:
1795:
1783:
659:
Institute of
Medicine (US) Committee on Institutional and Policy-Level Strategies for Increasing the Diversity of the U.S. Healthcare Workforce
1801:
1789:
2221:
1340:
368:, elected in 1981. He has consulted on numerous health issues in different organizations, including serving on advisory committees for the
979:"First Black on AMA Board Makes His Mark : Dr. Lonnie Bristow Sees Trustee's Role as an Opportunity to Improve the Lot of Minorities"
369:
2714:
440:
230:
in 2001. He co-founded the
Sullivan Commission; an initiative to encourage diversity within the medical profession, and co-authored
2689:
1550:
1037:
744:
878:
1281:
1252:
1223:
1076:
1021:
920:
830:
675:
365:
81:
395:, the Sullivan Commission, an initiative to encourage diversity within the medical profession. Following the publication of
1009:
383:
Bristow was a member of the
Quality of Healthcare in America Committee of the Institute of Medicine (IOM), which published
413:, American health-care financing, problems with professional liability insurance, and the usage of cardiac care units.
242:, American health-care financing, problems with professional liability insurance, and the usage of cardiac care units.
958:
222:
Bristow was a member of the
Quality of Healthcare in America Committee of the Institute of Medicine, which published
913:
Advances in Social Theory and
Methodology (RLE Social Theory): Toward an Integration of Micro- and Macro-Sociologies
343:
2454:
1183:
1173:
909:"3. Intermediate steps between micro- and macro-integration: the case for screening for inherited disorders"
2699:
1524:
436:
377:
353:
president of the AMA in its 148 year history. As AMA president, he headed the introduction of questions on
319:
184:
74:
784:
1574:
986:
1986:
1544:
423:
2561:
1241:"10. The ultimate challenge; educational and institutional considerations- the Sullivan Commission"
444:
275:
54:
322:(AMA) since 1958, he joined it in 1970, two years after the AMA began to admit Black physicians.
2549:
2543:
1837:
1741:
1489:
873:
302:
at the
University of California Berkeley Hospital. In 1964, he established a private practice in
1391:"How compelling was the interest in ensuring diversity in the allied health sciences workforce?"
2684:
1634:
1298:
1269:
1240:
908:
818:
632:
1860:
1211:
1154:
1102:
946:
847:
311:
303:
291:
196:
188:
158:
2679:
1926:
299:
1432:. Vol. 40, no. 3. American Hospital Association. 9 February 2004. pp. 1, 3.
1038:"Medicine: Quality health care for minorities major concern for AMA's first black trustee"
8:
2305:
1968:
1568:
1467:
410:
327:
315:
239:
211:
president of the AMA in its 148 year history, he headed the introduction of questions on
200:
168:
2406:
1956:
1896:
1628:
1410:
1314:
1087:
1056:
483:
458:
271:
1341:"In the Nation's Compelling Interest: Ensuring Diversity in the Health-Care Workforce"
2084:
1944:
1914:
1711:
1586:
1538:
1402:
1368:
1360:
1356:
1318:
1277:
1248:
1219:
1072:
1017:
954:
916:
826:
681:
671:
644:
636:
603:
595:
591:
562:
554:
521:
513:
488:
470:
392:
350:
295:
263:
259:
208:
204:
192:
142:
130:
90:
49:
1449:
In the Nation's
Compelling Interest: Ensuring Diversity in the Health-Care Workforce
402:
In the Nation's Compelling Interest; Ensuring Diversity in the Health-Care Workforce
2567:
2472:
2010:
2004:
1920:
1902:
1872:
1777:
1747:
1556:
1352:
1310:
1082:
1064:
852:
663:
628:
587:
546:
478:
435:
California’s Most Distinguished Internist Award. He holds honorary doctorates from
267:
1664:
2657:
2269:
2174:
2096:
1825:
1646:
1178:
1057:"Outstanding Black Physicians and Other Health Professionals in American History"
294:
in 1958 at the Veteran's Administration Hospital in San Francisco and New York's
1444:
1068:
2633:
2442:
2203:
1932:
1807:
1753:
1705:
354:
339:
212:
99:
550:
2673:
2490:
1866:
1831:
1406:
1364:
1247:. Sudbury, Massachusetts: Jones & Bartlett Publishers. pp. 117–118.
779:
640:
599:
558:
517:
474:
373:
657:
616:
501:
2496:
1592:
1372:
1322:
685:
648:
575:
534:
525:
1216:
Military Medical Ethics: Issues Regarding Dual Loyalties: Workshop Summary
607:
566:
492:
349:
In June 1995 Bristow became president of the AMA. This made him the first
278:
with a bachelor's degree in 1953 and received his medical degree from the
2126:
2108:
1992:
1962:
1729:
1622:
1598:
942:
1414:
1390:
823:
Forgotten African American Firsts: An Encyclopedia of Pioneering History
1014:
Disorder: A History of Reform, Reaction, and Money in American Medicine
1443:
Smedley, Brian D.; Butler, Adrienne Stith; Bristow, Lonnie R. (2004).
307:
270:, Georgia, for two years, followed by a four year enrollment in the
1616:
667:
358:
338:
In 1985, following a protest by around 200 medical students led by
216:
1519:
407:
A 21st Century System for Evaluating Veteran's Disability Benefits
236:
A 21st Century System for Evaluating Veteran's Disability Benefits
255:
183:(born 1930) is an American physician and former president of the
187:(AMA). In his early career he established a private practice in
1245:
Cultural Competency for Health Administration and Public Health
576:"The Brown and Williamson documents. Where do we go from here?"
251:
35:
825:. California: Bloomsbury Publishing USA. pp. 122–123.
655:
1428:"IOM seeks national commitment on broadening diversity".
1395:
Journal of Best Practices in Health Professions Diversity
274:, before returning to his studies. He graduated from the
357:
into medical board exams and encouraged education about
215:
into medical board exams and encouraged education about
1303:
Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing
1218:. Washington DC: National Academies Press. p. 59.
573:
2695:
New York University Grossman School of Medicine alumni
1209:
1442:
1127:
Priest, Dana; Weisskopf, Michael (6 December 1993).
617:"Diversity and the road to the "land of best care""
911:. In Cetina, Karin Knorr; Cicourel, A. V. (eds.).
656:Smedley, BD; Stith Butler, A; Bristow, LR (2004).
506:The Bulletin of the American College of Physicians
1276:. University of Georgia Press. pp. 215–217.
953:(2nd ed.). New York: Routledge. p. 49.
773:Miyamoto Walters, Melody M. (November 22, 2010).
2671:
947:"3. The genetic screening of target populations"
772:
1267:
1126:
409:. He has also written on the UK's and Canada's
280:New York University Grossman School of Medicine
258:minister, and Vivian Wines Bristow, a nurse at
238:. He has also written on the UK's and Canada's
60:New York University Grossman School of Medicine
2705:Presidents of the American Medical Association
1044:. Johnson Publishing Company: 29. 8 July 1985.
856:. Johnson Publishing Company. pp. 82, 85.
318:and HIV/AIDS. Having been affiliated with the
1505:
1334:
1332:
1268:Sullivan, Louis Wade; Chanoff, David (2014).
1122:
1120:
535:"AIDS and the response of organized medicine"
364:Bristow was the first black president of the
254:, New York City, to Lonnie Harlis Bristow, a
95:Promoting diversity in the medical profession
1384:
1382:
1261:
1048:
972:
970:
937:
935:
902:
900:
898:
896:
848:"New American Medical Association president"
812:
810:
808:
806:
804:
802:
105:Assessing medical needs of disabled veterans
2710:Members of the National Academy of Medicine
1016:. Yale University Press. pp. 462–463.
416:
245:
1512:
1498:
1389:Blagg, James D.; Blagg, Oneida D. (2009).
1388:
1329:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1117:
1001:
370:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
148:University of California Berkeley Hospital
1379:
1146:
1095:
1086:
1055:Williams, Richard Allen (25 April 2020).
967:
932:
915:. New York: Routledge. pp. 125–127.
893:
817:Ostrom, Hans; Jr, J. David Macey (2023).
799:
633:10.1001/virtualmentor.2003.5.6.pfor1-0306
482:
441:Wayne State University School of Medicine
2720:20th-century African-American physicians
1436:
1290:
1232:
1165:
1105:. Johnson Publishing Company. March 1994
1054:
839:
816:
627:(6): virtualmentor.2003.5.6.pfor1–0306.
450:
298:, Columbia University. He completed his
1421:
1299:""In the nation's compelling interest""
1198:
1007:
866:
614:
532:
499:
456:
2672:
1338:
1161:. Earl G. Graves, Ltd. pp. 18–19.
976:
941:
906:
768:
766:
764:
762:
730:
728:
726:
724:
722:
1493:
1345:Journal of Physical Therapy Education
1152:
845:
720:
718:
716:
714:
712:
710:
708:
706:
704:
702:
429:
366:American Society of Internal Medicine
82:American Society of Internal Medicine
1471:. September 27, 1994. Archived from
1296:
1274:Breaking Ground: My Life in Medicine
1238:
1171:
1155:"Speechmaker or catalyst for change"
734:
860:
759:
399:, he led and co-authored the IOM's
376:(1989–1993). He was elected to the
250:Lonnie Bristow was born in 1930 in
232:In the Nation's Compelling Interest
86:Co-founding the Sullivan Commission
13:
1315:10.1111/j.1552-6909.2005.tb00346.x
1129:"AMA Split on Clinton health plan"
867:Russell, Sabin (August 20, 1995).
699:
615:Bristow, Lonnie R. (1 June 2003).
14:
2731:
1445:"Committee and Staff Biographies"
1010:"15. A new medical progressivism"
819:"Medicine: Lonnie Robert Bristow"
662:. National Academies Press (US).
326:widespread voluntary testing for
2715:20th-century American physicians
1451:. National Academies Press (US).
1357:10.1097/00001416-200607000-00016
1174:"AMA Elects 1st Black President"
592:10.1001/jama.1995.03530030076038
500:Bristow, Lonnie R. (June 1979).
344:Clinton health care plan of 1993
2690:City College of New York alumni
1455:
1030:
977:Libman, Gary (12 August 1985).
463:The Western Journal of Medicine
459:"The myth of sickle cell trait"
333:
285:
1210:Institute of Medicine (2009).
1172:Gura, Trisha (June 13, 1994).
846:Jones, Lisa C. (August 1995).
1:
2045:William W. Thayer (1928–1929)
1153:Jones, Joyce (October 1994).
693:
539:The Journal of Legal Medicine
533:Bristow, L. R. (March 1989).
391:in 2001. He co-founded, with
2284:(vice president) (1964–1965)
1959:(vice president) (1915–1916)
1525:American Medical Association
741:Contemporary Black Biography
502:"Medical ethics: quo vadis?"
457:Bristow, L. R. (July 1974).
437:Morehouse School of Medicine
378:National Academy of Medicine
320:American Medical Association
185:American Medical Association
75:American Medical Association
7:
1339:Sharby, Nancy (Fall 2006).
1069:10.1007/978-3-030-41960-8_6
372:on smoking (1987–1994) and
310:with a special interest in
195:with a special interest in
10:
2736:
1008:Swenson, Peter A. (2021).
389:Crossing the Quality Chasm
228:Crossing the Quality Chasm
2512:
2351:
2184:
2020:
1987:William Clarence Braisted
1853:
1692:
1545:Alexander Hodgdon Stevens
1531:
775:"Lonnie Bristow (1930- )"
551:10.1080/01947648909513557
424:obstetrician-gynecologist
174:
164:
154:
136:
126:
118:
111:
67:
43:
28:
21:
445:City College of New York
417:Personal life and family
276:City College of New York
246:Early life and education
102:into medical board exams
55:City College of New York
1838:George Miller Sternberg
1742:Joseph Janvier Woodward
1463:"Like father, like son"
1239:Rose, Patti R. (2011).
874:San Francisco Chronicle
737:"Bristow, Lonnie 1930—"
2556:William G. Plested III
2419:Harrison L. Rogers Jr.
1635:David Humphreys Storer
290:Bristow completed his
203:and misinformation on
2520:Randolph D. Smoak Jr.
2485:Daniel H. Johnson Jr.
1861:William Williams Keen
1297:Lowe, NK (May 2005).
1270:"13. Missing persons"
907:Duster, Troy (2015).
451:Selected publications
312:occupational medicine
304:San Pablo, California
197:occupational medicine
189:San Pablo, California
181:Lonnie Robert Bristow
159:Occupational medicine
145:, Columbia University
23:Lonnie Robert Bristow
2431:William S. Hotchkiss
2145:Herman L. Kretschmer
2055:William Gerry Morgan
1999:George de Schweinitz
1927:John Benjamin Murphy
951:Backdoor to Eugenics
735:Lesinski, Jeanne M.
89:Dispelling myths on
2700:American internists
2538:Donald J. Palmisano
2306:Dwight Locke Wilbur
2210:Edward J. McCormick
2169:Roscoe L. Sensenich
2121:Nathan B. Van Etten
2034:Wendell C. Phillips
2011:William Allen Pusey
1969:Charles Horace Mayo
1939:John A. Witherspoon
1569:Beverly R. Wellford
1551:John Collins Warren
1475:on 26 December 2023
1468:The Washington Post
1186:on 31 December 2023
881:on 21 December 2023
787:on 26 December 2023
747:on 26 December 2023
411:socialized medicine
328:sickle cell disease
316:sickle cell anaemia
240:socialized medicine
201:sickle cell disease
169:Sickle cell disease
2628:Barbara L. McAneny
2407:Frank J. Jirka Jr.
2192:Elmer L. Henderson
2079:Walter L. Bierring
2028:William D. Haggard
1957:Albert Vander Veer
1897:William James Mayo
1653:William O. Baldwin
1629:Nathan Smith Davis
1061:Blacks in Medicine
989:on 28 January 2024
621:The Virtual Mentor
430:Awards and honours
296:Delafield Hospital
272:United States Navy
143:Delafield Hospital
16:American physician
2667:
2666:
2592:Jeremy A. Lazarus
2532:Yank D. Coble Jr.
2526:Richard F. Corlin
2479:Lonnie R. Bristow
2467:Joseph T. Painter
2425:John J. Coury Jr.
2377:Thomas E. Nesbitt
2365:Richard E. Palmer
2294:Charles L. Hudson
2258:Leonard W. Larson
2085:James S. McLester
2049:Malcolm L. Harris
1981:Alexander Lambert
1951:William L. Rodman
1945:Victor C. Vaughan
1915:William C. Gorgas
1724:Theophilus Parvin
1712:Henry I. Bowditch
1659:George Mendenhall
1587:George Bacon Wood
1539:Nathaniel Chapman
1283:978-0-8203-4663-2
1254:978-0-7637-6164-6
1225:978-0-309-12663-2
1078:978-3-030-41959-2
1023:978-0-300-25740-3
983:Los Angeles Times
922:978-0-415-72731-0
832:978-1-4408-7536-6
677:978-0-309-09125-1
393:Louis W. Sullivan
264:Morehouse College
260:Sydenham Hospital
205:sickle cell trait
178:
177:
131:Internal medicine
91:sickle cell trait
80:President of the
50:Morehouse College
2727:
2652:Jack Resneck Jr.
2646:Gerald E. Harmon
2616:Andrew W. Gurman
2568:Nancy H. Nielsen
2473:Robert E. McAfee
2395:Daniel T. Cloud,
2389:Robert B. Hunter
2318:W. C. Bornemeier
2312:Gerald D. Dorman
2300:Milford O. Rouse
2264:George M. Fister
2252:E. Vincent Askey
2240:Gunnar Gundersen
2228:Dwight H. Murray
2216:Walter B. Martin
2139:James E. Paullin
2091:James Tate Mason
2040:Jabez N. Jackson
2005:Ray Lyman Wilbur
1921:William H. Welch
1903:Joseph D. Bryant
1885:John Herr Musser
1873:John Allan Wyeth
1814:James F. Hibberd
1778:A. Y. P. Garnett
1748:John Light Atlee
1718:T. G. Richardson
1557:Reuben D. Mussey
1514:
1507:
1500:
1491:
1490:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1440:
1434:
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1425:
1419:
1418:
1386:
1377:
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1336:
1327:
1326:
1294:
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1287:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1207:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1182:. Archived from
1169:
1163:
1162:
1159:Black Enterprise
1150:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1124:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1034:
1028:
1027:
1005:
999:
998:
996:
994:
985:. Archived from
974:
965:
964:
939:
930:
929:
904:
891:
890:
888:
886:
877:. Archived from
864:
858:
857:
843:
837:
836:
814:
797:
796:
794:
792:
783:. Archived from
770:
757:
756:
754:
752:
743:. Archived from
732:
689:
652:
611:
570:
529:
496:
486:
443:(1995), and the
351:African American
209:African American
19:
18:
2735:
2734:
2730:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2725:
2724:
2670:
2669:
2668:
2663:
2658:Jesse Ehrenfeld
2640:Susan R. Bailey
2610:Steven J. Stack
2598:Ardis Dee Hoven
2586:Peter W. Carmel
2580:Cecil B. Wilson
2574:J. James Rohack
2562:Ronald M. Davis
2508:
2413:Joseph F. Boyle
2401:William Y. Rial
2383:Hoyt D. Gardner
2347:
2342:Malcolm C. Todd
2336:Russell B. Roth
2282:Donovan F. Ward
2276:Norman A. Welch
2270:Edward R. Annis
2234:David B. Allman
2180:
2175:Ernest E. Irons
2163:Edward L. Bortz
2157:H. H. Shoulders
2097:Charles G. Heyd
2016:
1975:Arthur D. Bevan
1849:
1826:R. Beverly Cole
1820:Donald MacLean,
1688:
1683:Joseph M. Toner
1677:Thomas M. Logan
1647:Samuel D. Gross
1581:Charles A. Pope
1575:Jonathan Knight
1527:
1518:
1488:
1478:
1476:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1441:
1437:
1427:
1426:
1422:
1387:
1380:
1337:
1330:
1295:
1291:
1284:
1266:
1262:
1255:
1237:
1233:
1226:
1208:
1199:
1189:
1187:
1179:Chicago Tribune
1170:
1166:
1151:
1147:
1137:
1135:
1133:Washington Post
1125:
1118:
1108:
1106:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1079:
1053:
1049:
1036:
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1031:
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992:
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975:
968:
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933:
923:
905:
894:
884:
882:
865:
861:
844:
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815:
800:
790:
788:
771:
760:
750:
748:
733:
700:
696:
678:
453:
432:
419:
397:Missing Persons
385:To Err is Human
336:
288:
248:
224:To Err is Human
207:. As the first
199:, and wrote on
155:Sub-specialties
39:
38:, New York City
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2733:
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2665:
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2637:
2634:Patrice Harris
2631:
2625:
2622:David O. Barbe
2619:
2613:
2607:
2601:
2595:
2589:
2583:
2577:
2571:
2565:
2559:
2553:
2550:J. Edward Hill
2547:
2544:John C. Nelson
2541:
2535:
2529:
2523:
2516:
2514:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2503:Thomas Reardon
2500:
2494:
2488:
2482:
2476:
2470:
2464:
2458:
2452:
2449:C. John Tupper
2446:
2443:Alan R. Nelson
2440:
2437:James E. Davis
2434:
2428:
2422:
2416:
2410:
2404:
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2380:
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2362:
2359:Max H. Parrott
2355:
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2339:
2333:
2327:
2324:Wesley W. Hall
2321:
2315:
2309:
2303:
2297:
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2288:James Z. Appel
2285:
2279:
2273:
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2255:
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2225:
2219:
2213:
2207:
2204:Louis H. Bauer
2201:
2195:
2188:
2186:
2182:
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2179:
2178:
2172:
2166:
2160:
2154:
2148:
2142:
2136:
2133:Fred W. Rankin
2130:
2124:
2118:
2112:
2106:
2103:J. H. J. Upham
2100:
2094:
2088:
2082:
2076:
2070:
2067:Edward H. Cary
2064:
2058:
2052:
2046:
2043:
2037:
2031:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2014:
2008:
2002:
1996:
1990:
1984:
1978:
1972:
1966:
1960:
1954:
1948:
1942:
1936:
1933:Abraham Jacobi
1930:
1924:
1918:
1912:
1906:
1900:
1894:
1891:L. S. McMurtry
1888:
1882:
1879:Frank Billings
1876:
1870:
1864:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1847:
1841:
1835:
1829:
1823:
1817:
1811:
1808:Hunter McGuire
1805:
1799:
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1787:
1781:
1775:
1769:
1766:William Brodie
1763:
1760:H. F. Campbell
1757:
1754:Austin Flint I
1751:
1745:
1739:
1736:John T. Hodgen
1733:
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1638:
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1605:Harvey Lindsly
1602:
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668:10.17226/10885
653:
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586:(3): 256–258.
571:
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512:(6): 417–418.
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355:medical ethics
340:Benjamin Spock
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960:0-203-42695-9
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780:BlackPast.org
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387:in 1999, and
386:
381:
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375:
374:HIV infection
371:
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73:President of
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48:
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42:
37:
31:
27:
20:
2497:Nancy Dickey
2478:
2455:John J. Ring
2371:John H. Budd
2246:Louis M. Orr
2151:Roger I. Lee
1796:W. T. Briggs
1784:W. W. Dawson
1611:Henry Miller
1593:Zina Pitcher
1479:November 25,
1477:. Retrieved
1473:the original
1466:
1457:
1448:
1438:
1429:
1423:
1401:(2): 29–46.
1398:
1394:
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1344:
1306:
1302:
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1263:
1244:
1234:
1215:
1212:"Appendix D"
1190:November 25,
1188:. Retrieved
1184:the original
1177:
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1158:
1148:
1136:. Retrieved
1132:
1107:. Retrieved
1097:
1060:
1050:
1041:
1032:
1013:
1003:
991:. Retrieved
987:the original
982:
950:
943:Duster, Troy
926:
912:
885:November 25,
883:. Retrieved
879:the original
872:
862:
851:
841:
822:
791:November 25,
789:. Retrieved
785:the original
778:
751:November 25,
749:. Retrieved
745:the original
740:
658:
624:
620:
583:
579:
545:(1): 11–17.
542:
538:
509:
505:
469:(1): 77–82.
466:
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433:
420:
406:
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396:
388:
384:
382:
363:
348:
337:
334:Later career
324:
289:
286:Early career
249:
235:
231:
227:
223:
221:
180:
179:
137:Institutions
112:
98:Introducing
2680:1930 births
2654:(2022–2023)
2648:(2021–2022)
2642:(2020–2021)
2636:(2019–2020)
2630:(2018–2019)
2624:(2017–2018)
2618:(2016–2017)
2612:(2015–2016)
2606:(2014–2015)
2600:(2013–2014)
2594:(2012–2013)
2588:(2011–2012)
2582:(2010–2011)
2576:(2009–2010)
2570:(2008–2009)
2564:(2007–2008)
2558:(2006–2007)
2552:(2005–2006)
2546:(2004–2005)
2540:(2003–2004)
2534:(2002–2003)
2528:(2001–2002)
2522:(2000–2001)
2505:(1999–2000)
2499:(1998–1999)
2493:(1997–1998)
2487:(1996–1997)
2481:(1995–1996)
2475:(1994–1995)
2469:(1993–1994)
2463:(1992–1993)
2457:(1991–1992)
2451:(1990–1991)
2445:(1989–1990)
2439:(1988–1989)
2433:(1987–1988)
2427:(1986–1987)
2421:(1985–1986)
2415:(1984–1985)
2409:(1983–1984)
2403:(1982–1983)
2391:(1980–1981)
2385:(1979–1980)
2379:(1978–1979)
2373:(1977–1978)
2367:(1976–1977)
2361:(1975–1976)
2344:(1974–1975)
2338:(1973–1974)
2332:(1972–1972)
2326:(1971–1972)
2320:(1970–1971)
2314:(1969–1970)
2308:(1968–1969)
2302:(1967–1968)
2296:(1966–1967)
2290:(1965–1966)
2272:(1963–1964)
2266:(1962–1963)
2260:(1961–1962)
2254:(1960–1961)
2248:(1959–1960)
2242:(1958–1959)
2236:(1957–1958)
2230:(1956–1957)
2224:(1955–1956)
2218:(1954–1955)
2212:(1953–1954)
2206:(1952–1953)
2200:(1951–1952)
2194:(1950–1951)
2177:(1949–1950)
2171:(1948–1949)
2165:(1947–1948)
2159:(1946–1947)
2153:(1945–1946)
2147:(1944–1945)
2141:(1943–1944)
2135:(1942–1943)
2129:(1941–1942)
2127:Frank Lahey
2123:(1940–1941)
2117:(1939–1940)
2111:(1938–1939)
2109:Irvin Abell
2105:(1937–1938)
2099:(1936–1937)
2087:(1935–1936)
2081:(1934–1935)
2075:(1933–1934)
2069:(1932–1933)
2063:(1931–1932)
2057:(1930–1931)
2051:(1929–1930)
2042:(1927–1928)
2036:(1926–1927)
2030:(1925–1926)
2013:(1924–1925)
2007:(1923–1924)
2001:(1922–1923)
1995:(1921–1922)
1993:Hubert Work
1989:(1920–1921)
1983:(1919–1920)
1977:(1918–1919)
1971:(1917–1918)
1965:(1916–1917)
1963:Rupert Blue
1947:(1914–1915)
1941:(1913–1914)
1935:(1912–1913)
1929:(1911–1912)
1923:(1910–1911)
1917:(1909–1910)
1911:(1908–1909)
1905:(1907–1908)
1899:(1906–1907)
1893:(1905–1906)
1887:(1904–1905)
1881:(1903–1904)
1875:(1902–1903)
1869:(1901–1902)
1863:(1900–1901)
1846:(1899–1900)
1840:(1898–1899)
1834:(1897–1898)
1828:(1896–1897)
1816:(1894–1895)
1810:(1893–1894)
1804:(1892–1893)
1802:H. O. Marcy
1798:(1891–1892)
1792:(1890–1891)
1790:E. M. Moore
1786:(1889–1890)
1780:(1888–1889)
1774:(1887–1888)
1768:(1886–1887)
1762:(1885–1886)
1756:(1884–1885)
1750:(1883–1884)
1744:(1882–1883)
1738:(1881–1882)
1732:(1880–1881)
1730:Lewis Sayre
1726:(1879–1880)
1720:(1878–1879)
1714:(1877–1878)
1708:(1876–1877)
1702:(1875–1876)
1685:(1874–1875)
1679:(1873–1874)
1673:(1872–1873)
1667:(1871–1872)
1661:(1870–1871)
1655:(1869–1870)
1649:(1868–1869)
1643:(1867–1868)
1637:(1866–1867)
1631:(1864–1866)
1625:(1863–1864)
1623:Alden March
1619:(1860–1861)
1613:(1859–1860)
1607:(1858–1859)
1601:(1857–1858)
1599:Paul F. Eve
1595:(1856–1857)
1589:(1855–1856)
1583:(1854–1855)
1577:(1853–1854)
1571:(1852–1853)
1565:(1851–1852)
1559:(1850–1851)
1553:(1849–1850)
1547:(1848–1849)
1541:(1847–1848)
2674:Categories
2397:1981–1982)
2222:Elmer Hess
1822:1885–1896)
1521:Presidents
1309:(3): 305.
1138:28 January
1109:28 January
1063:: 97–154.
993:28 January
694:References
380:in 1977.
292:internship
119:Profession
2352:1975–2000
2185:1950–1975
2021:1925–1950
1854:1900–1925
1693:1875–1900
1532:1847–1875
1407:2475-2843
1365:0899-1855
1351:(2): 81.
641:1937-7010
600:0098-7484
559:0194-7648
518:0002-8010
475:0093-0415
308:internist
300:residency
282:in 1957.
193:internist
122:Physician
44:Education
1617:Eli Ives
1430:AHA News
1415:44868047
1373:25009857
1323:15890827
945:(2003).
686:25009857
649:23268950
526:11662592
447:(1995).
439:(1994),
359:HIV/AIDS
306:, as an
217:HIV/AIDS
191:, as an
165:Research
2660:(2023–)
1523:of the
1103:"Ebony"
1088:7182344
608:7609236
567:2708901
493:4840172
484:1129505
268:Atlanta
256:Baptist
2278:(1964)
2093:(1936)
1953:(1915)
1413:
1405:
1371:
1363:
1321:
1280:
1251:
1222:
1085:
1075:
1020:
957:
919:
829:
684:
674:
647:
639:
606:
598:
565:
557:
524:
516:
491:
481:
473:
252:Harlem
36:Harlem
2513:2000–
1411:JSTOR
853:Ebony
127:Field
77:(AMA)
1481:2023
1403:ISSN
1369:PMID
1361:ISSN
1319:PMID
1278:ISBN
1249:ISBN
1220:ISBN
1192:2023
1140:2024
1111:2024
1073:ISBN
1018:ISBN
995:2024
955:ISBN
917:ISBN
887:2023
827:ISBN
793:2023
753:2023
682:PMID
672:ISBN
645:PMID
637:ISSN
604:PMID
596:ISSN
580:JAMA
563:PMID
555:ISSN
522:PMID
514:ISSN
489:PMID
471:ISSN
32:1930
29:Born
1353:doi
1311:doi
1083:PMC
1065:doi
1042:Jet
664:doi
629:doi
588:doi
584:274
547:doi
479:PMC
467:121
266:in
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