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are generally low; only one egg is laid per nesting attempt. Incubation lasts 27 or 28 days. Only the female incubates and cares for the nestling. She provides food for the nestling on average once per hour and includes invertebrates, vertebrates, and regurgitated material.
348:) for display, which are visited by the solitary females. Females select a male with prominent secondary traits such as aggression and territorial behavior. Nests are built in trees or treeferns, and have been recorded at heights of 4.5–5.0 m above ground.
254:
The male is 40–42 cm in height, with the female being slightly smaller at 35–37 cm. Both sexes are short-tailed and carry an erectile head crest; those of the males are slightly longer at 20–30 cm. The male is distinguished by a large throat
259:
of feathers, while females and juveniles have no or a much smaller wattle. The length of the wattle can be controlled, and it can be retracted in flight. The male generally has black colored shafts in its feathers.
383:
The long-wattled umbrellabird is present in several protected areas. The consolidation of existing scattered reserves, as well as the nomination of several existing protected areas as
501:"The life history of the Long-wattled Umbrellabird Cephalopterus penduliger in the Andean foothills of north-west Ecuador: leks, behaviour, ecology and conservation"
775:
Greeney, H.; Kirwan, M.; Miller, E. (2012). "Nesting biology of the Long-wattled
Umbrellabird Cephalopterus penduliger. Part II: nestling provisioning".
811:
1007:
482:
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246:. They are often found on the Pacific slopes of southwest Colombia and western Ecuador, but occasionally are found at lower altitudes.
684:
Karubian, J.; DurĂŁes, R.; Storey, J. L.; Smith, T. B. (2012). "Mating
Behavior Drives Seed Dispersal by the Long-wattled Umbrellabird
1126:
834:
384:
981:
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372:. A total population of 6,000-15,000 mature individuals was estimated in 2012. It is thought to be under pressure from
1051:
806:
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Comportamiento y distribución del Pájaro
Paraguas Longipéndulo Cephalopterus penduliger en el occidente del Ecuador
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86:
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and from hunting. The easy-to-locate lek mating areas make it particularly susceptible to trapping.
292:
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242:. The long-wattled umbrellabird is considered rare and it resides in humid to wet premontane and
801:
1131:
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1038:
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Karubian, J.; Castañeda, G.; Freile, J.F.; Salazar, R.T.; Santander, T.; Smith, T.B. (2003).
197:
181:
968:
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Leck, C. (1979). "Avian
Extinctions in an Isolated Tropical Wet-Forest Preserve, Ecuador".
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387:, could be very beneficial for the species. The curating of forest composition and
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Berg, K. S. (2000). "Field notes on the biology of the Long-wattled
Umbrellabird
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Granizo, T; Pacheco, C; Ribadeneira, M.B; Guerrero, M; Suárez, L (2002).
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A classification of the bird species of South
America at Museum.lsu.edu
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Jahn, Olaf; Grefa, Edwin E. Vargas; Schuchmann, Karl-L. (March 1999).
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are preferred. Invertebrates and small vertebrates are also taken.
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at 1,500-1,800 m above sea level on the ridges and sides of the
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The
Cotingas: bellbirds, umbrellabirds, and other species
740:"Nesting biology of a female long-wattled umbrellabird
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EtimologĂa: nombres cientĂficos de las aves del
Ecuador
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Karubian, J.; Greeney, H. F.; Freile, J. F. (2010).
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439:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22700936A93805498.en
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391:have been pointed out as important approaches.
635:. Cornell University Presslocation=Ithaca, NY.
344:, where the males congregate in common areas (
320:, and feeds on large fruit. The fruits of the
263:The long-wattled umbrellabird's specific name
727:(Thesis). Universidad San Francisco de Quito.
283:and is found from the southwestern part of
274:
646:Ridgely, R. S.; Greenfield, P. J. (2001).
481:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
206:
60:
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340:The long-wattled umbrellabird engages in
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650:. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
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552:. Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology.
271:, hanging, and refers to the wattle.
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566:Ridgely, R.; Greenfield, P. (2006).
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16:Bird of western Colombia and Ecuador
425:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
364:The species has been classified as
236:pájaro bolsón, pájaro toro, dungali
13:
768:
716:
469:Libro Rojo de las Aves del Ecuador
279:The species shows a high level of
234:family. Its Spanish names include
14:
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1127:IUCN Red List vulnerable species
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702:10.1111/j.1744-7429.2012.00859.x
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748:Bird Conservation International
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505:Bird Conservation International
414:BirdLife International (2016).
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807:The Internet Bird Collections
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287:to the province of El Oro in
1147:Taxa named by Philip Sclater
542:"Long-wattled Umbrellabird (
7:
10:
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471:. Quito. pp. 177–178.
351:Clutch sizes in the genus
311:
306:
24:Long-wattled umbrellabird
853:
761:10.1017/s0959270903003253
744:in north-western Ecuador"
518:10.1017/s0959270900003373
218:long-wattled umbrellabird
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82:Scientific classification
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1104:Cephalopterus-penduliger
899:cephalopterus-penduliger
885:Cephalopterus penduliger
855:Cephalopterus penduliger
835:Cephalopterus penduliger
742:Cephalopterus penduliger
686:Cephalopterus penduliger
663:Cephalopterus penduliger
550:Neotropical Birds Online
544:Cephalopterus penduliger
432:: e.T22700936A93805498.
418:Cephalopterus penduliger
275:Distribution and habitat
223:Cephalopterus penduliger
191:Cephalopterus penduliger
39:Cephalopterus penduliger
1142:Birds described in 1859
822:Encyclopædia Britannica
316:The species is mostly
293:Tumbes-ChocĂł-Magdalena
291:, in the bioregion of
837:at Wikimedia Commons
723:Andrade, G. (2010).
648:The birds of Ecuador
631:Snow, D. W. (1982).
610:10.1093/auk/96.2.343
581:Granizo, T. (2009).
295:. It inhabits humid
374:habitat destruction
267:derives from Latin
52:Conservation status
665:in west Ecuador".
570:. Quito: Jocotoco.
385:biosphere reserves
173:C. penduliger
1137:Birds of El ChocĂł
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1073:Open Tree of Life
847:Taxon identifiers
833:Media related to
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360:Conservation
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336:Reproduction
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228:umbrellabird
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45:, Stockholm
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1060:Neotropical
995:iNaturalist
879:Wikispecies
445:12 November
318:frugivorous
250:Description
198:Sclater, PL
1121:Categories
1099:Xeno-canto
690:Biotropica
395:References
366:vulnerable
342:lek mating
265:penduliger
232:Cotingidae
149:Cotingidae
67:Vulnerable
527:0959-2709
477:cite book
330:Myrtaceae
326:Lauraceae
322:Arecaceae
167:Species:
105:Kingdom:
99:Eukaryota
1086:Species+
1039:22700936
1013:10214225
925:22700936
920:BirdLife
864:Wikidata
802:Birdlife
783:: 96–99.
710:56379504
673:: 26–29.
376:through
285:Colombia
281:endemism
269:pendulus
226:) is an
145:Family:
119:Chordata
115:Phylum:
109:Animalia
95:Domain:
72:IUCN 3.1
1078:3598420
1065:lowumb1
1052:1506506
987:5959195
961:lowumb1
935:lowumb1
907:Avibase
870:Q908238
777:Cotinga
667:Cotinga
618:4085313
598:The Auk
368:by the
312:Feeding
307:Ecology
303:range.
289:Ecuador
230:in the
155:Genus:
135:Order:
125:Class:
70: (
43:Skansen
1026:559105
974:916694
894:ARKive
812:Arkive
708:
616:
525:
328:, and
257:wattle
238:, and
200:, 1859
1008:IRMNG
956:eBird
948:69J4W
932:BOW:
706:S2CID
614:JSTOR
301:Andes
1091:5825
1047:NCBI
1034:IUCN
1021:ITIS
1000:8808
982:GBIF
523:ISSN
483:link
447:2021
430:2016
370:IUCN
346:leks
216:The
129:Aves
969:EoL
943:CoL
817:EoL
756:doi
698:doi
688:".
606:doi
513:doi
434:doi
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
