148:
was badly damaged; four rafters 26 feet (7.9 m) long were driven into the ground so that only 4 feet (1.2 m) protruded above the surface. Other nearby churches were demolished by the tornado, as were over 600 mostly wooden houses. For all the damage, there were just two known fatalities in
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on Friday, 17 October 1091. It has been estimated by modern assessment as possibly a T8 on the
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614:
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457:
171:
133:) making it one of the strongest recorded tornadoes in the British Isles, alongside the
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1038:
1014:
604:
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105:
1430:
1081:
1072:
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211:
1162:
1135:
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1048:
1033:
827:
672:
577:
130:
49:
331:
Medieval Towns: The
Archaeology of British Towns in Their European Setting
1405:
1171:
1153:
1126:
591:
126:
64:
149:
a population of about 18,000. The tornado is mentioned in chronicles by
1144:
325:
137:, although this estimate is based on reports written 30 years later.
1090:
904:
444:
421:
1349:
1253:
1417:
1258:
850:
118:
122:
101:
298:
250:"'Work of the devil': Tornadoes in the British Isles to 1660"
381:
334:. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 26.
297:. The Tornado & Storm Research Organisation (
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16:One of the strongest tornadoes in British Isles
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129:(roughly equivalent to an F4 on the
13:
14:
1483:
295:"British & European Extremes"
80:>343 km/h (213 mph)
70:
1462:Tornadoes in the United Kingdom
248:Rowe, Michael (November 1999).
193:"Tornadoes in medieval Britain"
1447:11th-century natural disasters
412:United Kingdom weather records
226:"Tornado Country – NOVA – PBS"
218:
1:
407:Drought in the United Kingdom
395:Climate of the United Kingdom
177:
818:North Sea and Irish Sea 2013
7:
160:
71:
10:
1488:
836:Widecombe-in-the-Moor 1638
663:Holmfirth 1738, 1777, 1944
1467:Weather events in England
1414:
1393:
1348:
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897:
849:
826:
773:
643:
590:
531:
443:
435:Buachaille Etive Mòr 2009
420:
390:
135:1666 Lincolnshire tornado
121:in England, occurring in
117:is the earliest reported
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89:
84:
76:
61:
56:
46:
41:
33:
26:
1457:Medieval weather events
730:Somerset Levels 2013–14
668:North East England 1771
1442:11th century in London
708:November–December 2009
382:Weather events in the
257:Journal of Meteorology
200:Journal of Meteorology
115:London Tornado of 1091
28:Meteorological history
22:London tornado of 1091
1472:William II of England
155:William of Malmesbury
151:Florence of Worcester
750:Yorkshire Dales 2019
653:Bristol Channel 1607
630:Yorkshire Dales 2019
191:Rowe, M. W. (1976).
1452:Disasters in London
523:February–March 2018
172:2006 London tornado
23:
864:Great Malvern 1761
783:South England 1287
688:South England 1968
77:Highest winds
21:
1424:
1423:
1373:April–August 2022
1363:February–May 2019
1194:Windstorm seasons
341:978-0-8264-6002-8
324:Schofield, John;
301:). Archived from
111:
110:
1479:
1406:Great Stink 1858
1145:September 2020 (
1020:September 2011 (
958:September 1961 (
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305:on 28 April 2015
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263:(243): 326–338.
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24:
20:
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1437:1091 in England
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1420:
1410:
1401:Great Smog 1952
1389:
1378:Wennington 2022
1344:
1263:
1245:
1189:
1181:November 2023 (
1163:February 2022 (
1154:December 2021 (
1136:February 2020 (
1127:February 2020 (
1091:December 2015 (
1082:December 2015 (
1073:November 2015 (
902:
893:
879:Birmingham 2005
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822:
769:
713:Workington 2009
673:Strathspey 1829
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610:Chew Stoke 1968
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167:Tornado records
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85:Overall effects
37:17 October 1091
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1172:October 2023 (
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1118:October 2019 (
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1109:January 2018 (
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1100:October 2017 (
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1064:October 2014 (
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1049:Christmas 2013
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1001:October 1996 (
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813:North Sea 2007
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808:North Sea 1978
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803:North Sea 1976
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788:North Sea 1287
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745:Winter 2019–20
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735:Winter 2015–16
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725:Winter 2013–14
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206:(7): 219–222.
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146:city of London
142:St Mary-le-Bow
140:The church of
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106:United Kingdom
99:
98:Areas affected
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1059:February 2014
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1055:
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1045:
1044:December 2013
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1035:
1032:
1030:
1029:December 2011
1027:
1025:
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1016:
1013:
1011:
1010:December 1998
1008:
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997:
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985:
982:August 1986 (
980:
978:
975:
973:
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968:
967:February 1962
965:
963:
961:
956:
954:
953:February 1903
951:
949:
946:
944:
943:December 1879
941:
939:
938:February 1871
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
918:November 1824
916:
914:
913:December 1703
911:
910:
908:
906:
900:
896:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
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874:November 1981
872:
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857:
856:
854:
852:
848:
842:
839:
837:
834:
833:
831:
829:
828:Thunderstorms
825:
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623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
605:Lynmouth 1952
603:
601:
598:
597:
595:
593:
589:
583:
581:
576:
574:
572:
567:
565:
562:
560:
559:February 2009
557:
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550:
547:
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537:
536:
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530:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
513:February 2012
511:
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32:
25:
19:
1385:Cannich 2023
1368:Wareham 2020
1182:
1173:
1164:
1155:
1146:
1137:
1128:
1119:
1110:
1101:
1092:
1083:
1074:
1065:
1054:January 2014
1039:October 2013
1034:January 2012
1021:
1015:January 2007
1002:
996:January 1990
991:October 1987
983:
977:January 1976
972:January 1968
959:
948:October 1881
933:October 1859
923:January 1839
889:October 2022
869:October 1913
858:
775:Storm surges
625:Morpeth 2008
615:Glasgow 2002
592:Flash floods
579:
578:March 2023 (
570:
569:March 2018 (
554:January 1995
539:January 1881
498:October 2008
330:
319:
307:. Retrieved
303:the original
272:. Retrieved
260:
256:
229:
220:
203:
199:
186:
139:
131:Fujita scale
114:
112:
62:
50:Fujita scale
47:
18:
1358:Summer 2018
928:August 1848
884:London 2006
859:London 1091
793:Thames 1928
755:Summer 2022
703:August 2008
698:Summer 2007
693:Autumn 2000
683:Thames 1947
678:Thames 1928
635:London 2021
532:Snow events
518:Spring 2013
326:Vince, Alan
309:12 February
274:12 February
230:www.pbs.org
127:TORRO scale
65:TORRO scale
1431:Categories
905:hurricanes
899:Windstorms
658:Trent 1683
600:Louth 1920
564:March 2013
549:April 1981
544:March 1891
445:Cold snaps
430:Lewes 1836
422:Avalanches
178:References
90:Fatalities
57:T8 tornado
42:F4 tornado
1416:Disputed
1350:Wildfires
1254:Heatwaves
851:Tornadoes
841:July 1968
740:June 2016
269:1748-2992
212:1748-2992
1259:Droughts
328:(2003).
161:See also
1418:tsunami
1241:2023–24
1236:2022–23
1231:2021–22
1226:2020–21
1221:2019–20
1216:2018–19
1211:2017–18
1206:2016–17
1201:2015–16
1120:Lorenzo
1111:Eleanor
1102:Ophelia
1084:Desmond
1075:Abigail
1066:Gonzalo
984:Charley
903:former
720:2012–13
508:2010–11
503:2009–10
493:1990–91
483:1985–86
478:1981–82
473:1962–63
468:1946–47
463:1894–95
453:1683–84
144:in the
119:tornado
63:on the
48:on the
1183:Ciarán
1165:Eunice
1138:Dennis
960:Debbie
645:Floods
580:Larisa
338:
267:
210:
123:London
102:London
1394:Other
1174:Babet
1156:Barra
1129:Ciara
1022:Katia
299:TORRO
253:(PDF)
196:(PDF)
1340:2022
1335:2021
1330:2019
1325:2018
1320:2013
1315:2006
1310:2003
1305:1995
1300:1990
1295:1976
1290:1955
1285:1911
1280:1906
1275:1808
1270:1757
1147:Alex
1003:Lili
765:2024
760:2023
571:Emma
488:1987
458:1709
336:ISBN
311:2022
276:2022
265:ISSN
208:ISSN
153:and
113:The
34:Date
1093:Eva
901:and
1433::
284:^
261:24
259:.
255:.
238:^
228:.
202:.
198:.
104:,
1185:)
1176:)
1167:)
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1086:)
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1068:)
1024:)
1005:)
986:)
962:)
582:)
573:)
375:e
368:t
361:v
344:.
313:.
278:.
232:.
214:.
204:1
93:2
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.