Knowledge

Local government in England

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397: 209: 142: 218: 38: 1267:. In every area, one local authority acts as the billing authority (the district council in two-tier areas), which prepares and collects council tax bills. Other parts of local government (like county councils in two-tier areas, police and crime commissioners, fire authorities, parish councils and combined authorities) act as precepting authorities, which notify the relevant billing authority of their decision on council tax and later receive this money from the billing authority. 581: 153:. They may also be called a 'community council', 'neighbourhood council', 'village council', 'town council' or (if the parish holds city status) 'city council', but these names are stylistic and do not change their responsibilities. As of December 2021 there are 10,475 parishes in England, but they do not cover the whole of the country as many urban parishes were abolished in 1974. 1184:. In the financial year 2019/20, local authorities received 22% of their funding from grants, 52% from council tax and 27% from retained business rates. In the financial year 2023/24, 51% of revenue expenditure is expected to come from UK Government grants, 31% from council tax and 15% from retained business rates. 176:" (GPC) which allows them within certain limits the freedom to do anything an individual can do provided it is not prohibited by other legislation, as opposed to being limited to the powers explicitly granted to them by law. To be eligible for this a parish council must meet certain conditions of quality. 275:. There are 7,026 wards as of December 2021. Local authorities run on four year cycles and councillors may be elected all at once, by halves or by thirds; although the Electoral Commission has recommended that all authorities use whole council elections every 4 years. Local authorities have a choice of 1004:
The GLA has responsibility for transport, policing, fire and rescue, development and strategic planning. The GLA does not directly provide any services itself. Instead, its work is carried out by functional bodies which, together with the GLA itself, form the GLA Group  and work under the policy
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The London boroughs are administered by London borough councils (sometimes abbreviated LBCs), which are elected every four years. They are the principal local authorities in London and are responsible for running most local services, such as schools, social services, waste collection and roads. Some
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non-metropolitan county councils and 164 non-metropolitan district councils remain. These are better known as simply county councils and district councils. The Local Government Act 1985 also abolished metropolitan county councils, but there are still 36 metropolitan district councils as of May 2022.
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As of May 2024, the various combined authorities, county, district, and sui generis councils formed an administrative hierarchy as shown in the table below. Unitary authorities are legally either district councils which also perform county functions or county councils which also perform district
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If the people within government are unsure at times where powers and responsibility, and hence accountability, rest, this lack of clarity is magnified for individuals who have little knowledge or experience of the structures. This has the potential to leave individuals less likely to be able to
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Each combined authority's executive consists of a representative from each of its constituent local authorities, plus (if applicable) the mayor. Functions can be devolved directly to the mayor, to the combined authority as a whole, or have a different decision-making requirement. The budget and
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Reforms in 2013 now mean that local authorities keep 50% of business rate revenues raised locally. The UK Government then distributes the remaining 50% of business rate revenues according to its own judgement. It was initially planned to increase the proportion of business rates that local
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and non-metropolitan counties, which would have one county council and multiple district councils each. That meant that each area would be covered by two tiers of local authorities - both a county council and a district council, which would share local authority functions. In May 2022, 21
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Combined authorities can be created at the request of two or more local authorities. Combined authorities do not replace the local authorities in question, but can receive separate functions and funding. As of May 2022, there are 10 combined authorities covering some of England. The
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Combined authorities are created voluntarily and allow a group of local authorities to pool appropriate responsibility and receive certain delegated functions from central government in order to deliver transport and economic policy more effectively over a wider area.
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Local government receives two types of grants: the Revenue Support Grant, which can be spent on any service according to the wishes of the local government body in question, and specific grants, which are usually 'ring fenced' to specifically defined service areas.
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broadly consists of three layers: civil parishes, local authorities, and regional authorities. Every part of England is governed by at least one local authority, but parish councils and regional authorities do not exist everywhere. In addition, there are 31
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On a yearly basis, local government bodies review and consider whether to increase or decrease the level of council tax to fund their spending plans. The level at which a local authority can increase council tax each year without holding a local
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There are also (as of April 2023) 62 unitary authorities. These carry out the functions of both county and district councils and have replaced two-tier local government in some areas. The creation of these first became possible under the
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The local authorities of England: unitary authorities (pink), metropolitan boroughs (purple), non-metropolitan counties and districts (green), London boroughs (orange), and the unique City of London and Isles of Scilly authorities
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are the lowest tier of local government, and primarily exist in rural and smaller urban areas. The responsibilities of parish councils are limited and generally consist of providing and maintaining public spaces and facilities.
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The Committee also said that "he evidence is clear both practically and democratically that the overly centralised arrangements of government in England are problematic" and that reform was also needed of funding structures.
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functions; they therefore straddle the county and district columns. Metropolitan districts and London boroughs are also shown straddling the county and district columns. In much of the country there is also a lower tier of
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has been subject to a devolution deal, which are usually reserved to combined authorities for additional functions and funding. And, like some combined authorities and parish councils, local authorities do have a
1255:'. It is a domestic property tax, based on eight bands (A to H) depending on the value of the property on 1 April 1991. Various discounts are set out in law and exist at the discretion of billing authorities. 4073: 1040:
to account for the delivery of the police and crime plan. Police and crime commissioners are hold the police fund (from which all policing of the area is financed) and are able to raise the local policing
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Local authorities cannot borrow money to finance day-to-day spending and so must rely on yearly income or reserves for this type of expenditure, although they can borrow to fund capital expenditure.
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Local authorities cover the entirety of England, and are responsible for services such as education, transport, planning applications, and waste collection and disposal. In two-tier areas a
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in disclosing information about local government investments which will generally outweigh any concerns about whether disclosure could affect an investment's performance or be protected by
283:: mayor and cabinet executive, leader and cabinet executive, a committee system or bespoke arrangements approved by the Secretary of State. As of April 2023, just 15 local authorities have 5848: 5700: 284: 5853: 1309:
access what they need from government, leaving them often unable to know who is responsible, and as a result are not properly able to hold their democratic representatives to account.
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In the 20th century, local authorities found that the costs of providing services exceeded the revenues raised from local taxes and so grants from the UK Government (specifically the
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Unitary authorities combine the powers and functions that are normally delivered separately by the councils of non-metropolitan counties and non-metropolitan districts.
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The local authorities of England (in two-tier areas, the county council is pictured first while the district councils are pictured second), as of April 2023.
490: 272: 1348: 692:" (GPC) which allows them, within certain limits, the freedom to do anything an individual can do provided it is not prohibited by other legislation. 5277: 4769: 4834: 1270:
Between financial years 2009/10 and 2021/22, council tax rates increased by 30% in real terms, in light of reduced grants from the UK Government.
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with local government responsibilities. Local government is not standardised across the country, with the last comprehensive reform taking place
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Metropolitan district or borough councils were originally part of a two-tier system with metropolitan county councils. They differed from
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Metropolitan county councils were abolished in 1986 and most of their functions were devolved to the metropolitan boroughs making them
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for the area they cover, giving it powers beyond those typically held by a local authority. Ten currently exist, with more planned.
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functions of each combined authority can be vastly different, but possible functions include responsibility for the relevant
540: 520: 396: 115:, with responsibility for transport, policing, fire and rescue, development and strategic planning. Combined authorities are 4577: 1049:. Police and crime commissioners are also responsible for the appointment, suspension and dismissal of the Chief Constable. 5922: 5485: 5396: 3875: 3605: 3103: 2078: 2005: 1864: 1196: 968: 951: 444: 436: 253: 5891: 5735: 2038: 1070: 1054: 560: 532: 55: 3645: 5462: 5024: 2073: 1602: 765: 107:
The London boroughs, metropolitan boroughs, and some unitary authorities collaborate through regional authorities. The
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Local government can also receive some money from fees and charges for the use of services, returns and interest from
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In the 2023/24 financial year, 33% of budgeted service expenditure across local government as a whole is set to be on
30:"Joint-board" redirects here. For the U.S. military's Joint Army and Navy Board, also known as the "Joint Board", see 5375: 5083: 4499: 2224: 2099: 1904: 1878: 1766: 1546: 1260: 832: 620: 416: 257: 2313: 2019: 2012: 1850: 1836: 1780: 1724: 1379: 1173: 528: 124: 3766: 5185: 3513: 3206: 3049: 3021: 1808: 1773: 1759: 1745: 4319: 5593: 5351: 5334: 5293: 4050: 4045: 3771: 2667: 2449: 2196: 1979: 1801: 1731: 1717: 1703: 1689: 1480: 1328: 1143: 930: 916: 878: 854:
in the division of powers between district and county councils. Metropolitan district or borough councils were
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There are 317 local authorities covering the whole of England. There are five main types of local authorities:
183:, which until then had both ecclesiastical and local government functions; parish councils were created by the 101: 85: 4792: 4681: 4547: 4456: 4117: 5447: 5415: 3541: 2866: 2714: 2092: 2066: 1925: 1857: 1829: 1822: 1752: 1710: 1696: 1675: 1668: 1353: 1010: 432: 51: 1284:
Business rates is a tax on business premises. It is based on the rateable value of the premises (set by the
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PCCs are responsible for ensuring an effective police force within their area, and to hold the
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which allow two or more local authorities to voluntarily pool responsibilities and negotiate a
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said that it had "significant concerns about the current governance arrangements for England":
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The only specific statutory function of parish councils, which they must do, is establishing
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The only specific statutory function of parish councils, which they must do, is establishing
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Local government in England as a whole has limited revenue-raising powers compared to other
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Holds planning powers over a specific area and is awarded funding for urban regeneration.
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The Greater London Authority and 10 combined authorities of England, as of December 2021.
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Some combined and regional authorities may assume responsibility for policing, e.g.
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c. 73). The ecclesiastical parishes continue to exist, but neither they nor their
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Henderson, Duncan; Paun, Akash; Allen, Briony; Mitchell, Millie (21 June 2024) .
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Responsible for running the largest and most expensive local services such as
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Civil parishes developed in the nineteenth century and were based on the
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councils share responsibility for these services. In single-tier areas a
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authorities retain to 100%, but this was indefinitely delayed in 2021.
1188: 757: 753: 605: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 484: 455: 4712:"Cities and Local Government Devolution Act 2016: Section 103(1)" 3007: 2721: 2611: 2264: 749: 365: 580: 547:. They are all controlled by the Labour Party as of 2024 except for 149:
Parish councils form the lowest tier of local government and govern
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In England, local authorities have three main sources of funding:
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was first granted the power to create combined authorities by the
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established 32 London borough councils. It also established the
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Local Democracy, Economic Development and Construction Act 2009
3935: 760:, leisure services, parks, and tourism in a two-tier system. 477:
to account and keeping strategies up to date, including the
535:, new Combined Authorities were elected; they were the new 5182:
Public Administration and Constitutional Affairs Committee
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Association of Council Secretaries and Solicitors (2007).
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Public Administration and Constitutional Affairs Committee
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Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Act 2007
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System of state administration on a local level in England
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Political make-up of local councils in the United Kingdom
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Political make-up of local councils in the United Kingdom
4627:"Greater London Authority Act 1999: Section 327A(7)" 3946:. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 823–825. 1214: 511:
gave the Secretary of State the power to provide for a
4833:. Association of Council Secretaries and Solicitors. 23:. For the political make-up of local authorities, see 4516:"Greater London Authority Act 1999: Section 2(1)" 967:. Some councils group together for services such as 491:
Combined authorities and combined county authorities
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Combined authorities and combined county authorities
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For the history of local government in England, see
5023:Atkins, Graham; Hoddinott, Stuart (10 March 2020). 3794:Association of Council Secretaries and Solicitors. 1251:
Council tax was introduced in 1993 to replace the '
4932:"Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act 2011" 4172:"Local Government Act 2000: Section 9F(1)-(2)" 4736:"Cities and Local Government Devolution Act 2016" 4295:"Local Government Act 1972: Section 1(1)-(4)" 1327:. This administrative hierarchy differs from the 5914: 5084:"Councillor workbook – Local government finance" 3743:"Local Government Act 1972: Section 245(10)" 1096:Responsible for maintenance of a national park. 1069:Same as PCC, with additional responsibility for 824:De facto unitary authorities since abolition of 5022: 3719:"Local Government Act 1972: Section 245(6)" 3596:List of local governments in the United Kingdom 509:Cities and Local Government Devolution Act 2016 5560: 5262:Administrative geography of the United Kingdom 5117:"Freedom of Information Act 2000 (Section 50)" 4350:"Local Government Act 1992: Section 17(1)" 4220:"London Government Act 1963: Section 2(2)" 4196:"London Government Act 1963: Section 1(1)" 5546: 5246: 4610:"Local Government Act 1972: Section 3(7)" 4247:"Local Government Act 1985: Section 1(1)" 3641:Association of Police and Crime Commissioners 812:and strategic planning in a two-tier system. 145:The parishes of England, as of December 2021. 4793:"Devolution to local government in England" 4148:"Local Government Act 2000: Section 9D" 1317: 1030:Hertfordshire Police and Crime Commissioner 923:on behalf of its member local authorities. 915:Combined authorities assume the role of an 698:Non-metropolitan district / borough council 570: 537:York and North Yorkshire Combined Authority 404: 172:eligible parish councils can be granted a " 5553: 5539: 5347:Metropolitan and Non-metropolitan counties 5253: 5239: 4485: 3849:"Local government structure and elections" 4824:"Powers and Functions of Parish Councils" 3796:"Powers and Functions of Parish Councils" 1063:Essex Police, Fire and Crime Commissioner 688:eligible parish councils can be granted " 621:Learn how and when to remove this message 513:directly-elected combined authority mayor 435:elections took place in 2000. The former 4790: 4679: 4545: 4454: 4317: 4115: 948:Type of local authority in London only. 395: 140: 36: 1220: 818:Metropolitan district / borough council 545:East Midlands Combined County Authority 471:Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police 465:The Mayor's functions include chairing 5915: 5270:Local government in the United Kingdom 5114: 5078: 5076: 5074: 5072: 4983:"Environment Act 1995: Section 63" 4977: 4975: 4488:Local Government in the United Kingdom 3892:from the original on 18 September 2024 391: 306:, but this was later abolished by the 264:status, but this is purely stylistic. 21:History of local government in England 5534: 5234: 5176: 5174: 5172: 5096:from the original on 28 November 2022 5070: 5068: 5066: 5064: 5062: 5060: 5058: 5056: 5054: 5052: 5025:"Local government funding in England" 5018: 5016: 5014: 5012: 5010: 5008: 5006: 5004: 5002: 4772:from the original on 24 February 2024 4675: 4673: 4671: 4541: 4539: 4537: 4535: 4395: 4393: 4241: 4239: 4111: 4109: 4001:from the original on 18 February 2022 3983:"List of councils in England by type" 3843: 3841: 3839: 1109:Middlesbrough Development Corporation 1090:Peak District National Park Authority 1005:direction of the mayor and assembly. 927:Greater Manchester Combined Authority 852:non-metropolitan districts / boroughs 541:North East Mayoral Combined Authority 267:All local authorities are made up of 5397:Local government in Northern Ireland 4590:from the original on 7 February 2019 4455:Sandford, Mark (20 September 2021). 3837: 3835: 3833: 3831: 3829: 3827: 3825: 3823: 3821: 3819: 3606:Local government in Northern Ireland 959:London-wide services are run by the 952:Tower Hamlets London Borough Council 603:adding citations to reliable sources 574: 437:Leader of the Greater London Council 198: 111:(GLA) is the regional authority for 56:police, fire and crime commissioners 5153:"Localism Act 2011: Section 72" 5133:from the original on 15 August 2024 5115:Thomas, Richard (1 February 2007). 4972: 4791:Sandford, Mark (10 February 2022). 4680:Sandford, Mark (17 December 2019). 4651:"Greater London Authority Act 1999" 4486:Wilson, David; Game, Chris (2011). 4021:"English Councils 2021 (Total 331)" 3648:from the original on 13 August 2024 2183:Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole 1055:Police, fire and crime commissioner 310:. Greater London also includes the 13: 5169: 5049: 5037:from the original on 29 April 2023 4999: 4860:"Localism Act 2011: Section 1" 4815: 4668: 4532: 4390: 4236: 4106: 4094:from the original on 6 August 2024 773:Upper-tier of a two-tier system. 705:Lower-tier of a two-tier system. 654:Lowest level of local government. 291:to hold the executive to account. 130: 14: 5934: 5124:Information Commissioner's Office 4457:"The General Power of Competence" 3876:"The General Power of Competence" 3816: 3767:"Parishes (December 2021) EW BFE" 3669:"Planning and Affordable Housing" 1273: 1197:Information Commissioner's Office 417:Greater London Authority Act 1999 4840:from the original on 4 July 2024 4184:, 2000 c. 22 (s. 9F(1)-(2)) 3885:. Local Government Association. 858:, and were also responsible for 800:, main roads, public transport, 579: 357:, but now takes place under the 216: 207: 195:have any local government role. 5205: 5145: 5108: 4948: 4924: 4900: 4876: 4852: 4784: 4753: 4728: 4704: 4643: 4602: 4570: 4546:Sandford, Mark (3 March 2022). 4508: 4479: 4448: 4421: 4366: 4342: 4318:Sandford, Mark (22 July 2021). 4311: 4307:, 1972 c. 70 (s. 1(1)-(4)) 4287: 4263: 4212: 4188: 4164: 4140: 4066: 4038: 4013: 3975: 3950: 3928: 3904: 1349:Cambridgeshire and Peterborough 590:needs additional citations for 336:Outside Greater London and the 289:overview and scrutiny committee 104:have unique local authorities. 4639:, 1999 c. 29 (s. 327A(7)) 4548:"The Greater London Authority" 4116:Sandford, Mark (21 May 2021). 4051:Office for National Statistics 4046:"Wards (December 2021) GB BFE" 3868: 3787: 3772:Office for National Statistics 3759: 3755:, 1972 c. 70 (s. 245(10)) 3735: 3711: 3686: 3666: 3660: 3628: 1240: 1144:Council of the Isles of Scilly 975:and have similar functions to 931:Tees Valley Combined Authority 917:integrated transport authority 782:Nottinghamshire County Council 710:Epping Forest District council 323:Council of the Isles of Scilly 252:. Some local authorities have 246:metropolitan district councils 52:police and crime commissioners 1: 4956:"Policing and Crime Act 2017" 3731:, 1972 c. 70 (s. 245(6)) 3621: 1295: 1011:Police and crime commissioner 969:waste collection and disposal 271:, who represent geographical 5426:Local government in Scotland 5089:Local Government Association 4908:"London Government Act 1963" 4724:, 2016 c. 1 (s. 103(1)) 4434:Local Government Association 4362:, 1992 c. 19 (s. 17(1)) 3883:Local Government Association 3611:Local government in Scotland 3022:King's Lynn and West Norfolk 2079:Bath and North East Somerset 979:. Each borough council is a 826:metropolitan county councils 181:Church of England's parishes 7: 5923:Local government in England 5313:Local government in England 4884:"Local Government Act 1985" 4622:, 1972 c. 70 (s. 3(7)) 4528:, 1999 c. 29 (s. 2(1)) 4386:, 2007 c. 28 (s. 7(1)) 4283:, SI 1998/494 (reg. 2) 4259:, 1985 c. 51 (s. 1(1)) 4232:, 1963 c. 33 (s. 2(2)) 4208:, 1963 c. 33 (s. 1(1)) 3694:"Local Government Act 1972" 3589: 2157: 856:local education authorities 690:general power of competence 386:general power of competence 174:general power of competence 96:provides all services. The 47:Local government in England 10: 5939: 5561:Local government in Europe 5520:Corporate Joint Committees 4320:"Unitary local government" 3962:www.bridekirkparish.org.uk 3287: 2769: 2680: 2584: 2495: 2359: 1655: 1533: 1399: 1277: 1244: 1199:has ruled that there is a 1195:and capital receipts. The 1167: 1121:City of London Corporation 973:local government districts 778:Oxfordshire County Council 488: 408: 321:local authorities are the 315:City of London Corporation 296:London Government Act 1963 134: 29: 18: 5862: 5824: 5566: 5478:Local government in Wales 5476: 5424: 5395: 5311: 5268: 5165:, 2011 c. 20 (s. 72) 4995:, 1995 c. 25 (s. 63) 4160:, 2000 c. 22 (s. 9D) 4118:"Directly-elected mayors" 4081:Peterborough City Council 3616:Local government in Wales 3540: 3533: 3526: 3519: 3512: 3458: 3451: 3444: 3404: 3397: 3390: 3383: 3376: 3369: 3247: 3240: 3179: 3172: 3165: 3158: 3151: 3144: 3137: 3130: 3123: 3116: 3076: 3069: 3062: 3055: 3048: 2994: 2987: 2980: 2973: 2919: 2907:North West Leicestershire 2865: 2858: 2673: 2666: 2659: 2577: 2448: 2319: 2312: 2305: 2244: 2237: 2230: 2225:Cheshire West and Chester 2223: 2216: 2209: 2202: 2195: 2188: 2181: 2174: 2167: 2160: 2150: 2143: 2138: 2131: 2124: 2117: 2110: 2103: 2098: 2091: 2084: 2077: 2072: 2065: 2058: 2051: 2044: 2037: 2030: 2023: 2018: 2011: 2004: 1997: 1990: 1983: 1978: 1971: 1964: 1957: 1950: 1945: 1938: 1931: 1924: 1917: 1910: 1903: 1896: 1891: 1884: 1877: 1870: 1863: 1856: 1849: 1842: 1835: 1828: 1821: 1814: 1807: 1800: 1793: 1786: 1779: 1772: 1765: 1758: 1751: 1744: 1737: 1730: 1723: 1716: 1709: 1702: 1695: 1688: 1681: 1674: 1667: 1660: 1648: 1641: 1634: 1627: 1620: 1613: 1608: 1601: 1594: 1587: 1580: 1573: 1566: 1559: 1552: 1545: 1538: 1479: 1472: 1411: 1404: 1392: 1352: 1347: 1280:Business rates in England 1153: 1130: 1114: 1095: 1068: 1035: 1003: 981:local education authority 957: 936: 921:economic prosperity board 904: 883:Type of local authority. 849: 822:Type of local authority. 787: 771:Type of local authority. 723: 703:Type of local authority. 671: 355:Local Government Act 1992 342:Local Government Act 1972 308:Local Government Act 1985 281:Local Government Act 2000 193:parochial church councils 185:Local Government Act 1894 82:non-metropolitan district 60:national park authorities 5030:Institute for Government 4872:, 2011 c. 20 (s. 1) 4801:House of Commons Library 4766:Institute for Government 4690:House of Commons Library 4556:House of Commons Library 4465:House of Commons Library 4328:House of Commons Library 4126:House of Commons Library 3958:"bridekirkparish.org.uk" 2314:East Riding of Yorkshire 2140:York and North Yorkshire 1318:Administrative hierarchy 998:Greater London Authority 989:Greater London Authority 961:Greater London Authority 571:Table of authority types 475:London Fire Commissioner 411:Greater London Authority 405:Greater London Authority 302:, covering the whole of 137:Parish council (England) 109:Greater London Authority 80:council and two or more 5458:Community council areas 3943:Encyclopædia Britannica 3514:Westmorland and Furness 3228:Staffordshire Moorlands 3050:North East Lincolnshire 1286:Valuation Office Agency 1102:Development corporation 1078:National park authority 714:Gosport Borough Council 458:, was first elected in 285:directly-elected mayors 234:London borough councils 78:non-metropolitan county 5609:Bosnia and Herzegovina 4682:"Combined authorities" 3528:Windsor and Maidenhead 3064:North Northamptonshire 1788:Kensington and Chelsea 1739:Hammersmith and Fulham 1311: 944:London borough council 899:Slough Borough Council 895:North Somerset Council 844:Sheffield City Council 840:Newcastle City Council 718:Woking Borough Council 666:Handforth Town Council 662:Arlesey Parish Council 658:Newbald Parish Council 567:and spatial strategy. 401: 300:Greater London Council 277:executive arrangements 146: 43: 5163:The National Archives 4993:The National Archives 4966:The National Archives 4942:The National Archives 4918:The National Archives 4894:The National Archives 4870:The National Archives 4746:The National Archives 4722:The National Archives 4661:The National Archives 4637:The National Archives 4620:The National Archives 4526:The National Archives 4384:The National Archives 4360:The National Archives 4305:The National Archives 4281:The National Archives 4257:The National Archives 4230:The National Archives 4206:The National Archives 4182:The National Archives 4158:The National Archives 3922:The National Archives 3753:The National Archives 3729:The National Archives 3704:The National Archives 3453:West Northamptonshire 3418:Nuneaton and Bedworth 2893:Hinckley and Bosworth 2757:Tonbridge and Malling 2502:Basingstoke and Deane 2169:Blackburn with Darwen 2093:South Gloucestershire 1610:Liverpool City Region 1460:North East Derbyshire 1306: 1193:fixed penalty notices 1191:, commercial income, 977:metropolitan boroughs 891:Durham County Council 887:Plymouth City Council 768:in a two-tier system 700:in a two-tier system 489:Further information: 409:Further information: 399: 344:divided England into 144: 135:Further information: 40: 32:Joint Chiefs of Staff 5387:Combined authorities 5092:. 29 December 2019. 4762:"English devolution" 4583:Transport for London 4085:Electoral Commission 4025:Open Council Data UK 3708:, ss 12A(2), 17A(2). 3667:UK, National Parks. 3322:Reigate and Banstead 3207:Newcastle-under-Lyme 2715:Folkestone and Hythe 2211:Central Bedfordshire 2006:Redcar and Cleveland 1844:Richmond upon Thames 1795:Kingston upon Thames 1662:Barking and Dagenham 1387:South Cambridgeshire 1329:ceremonial hierarchy 1263:is regulated by the 1221:UK Government grants 1084:Environment Act 1995 836:Metropolitan Borough 738:environmental health 650:Civil parish council 599:improve this article 533:2024 local elections 467:Transport for London 94:metropolitan borough 5825:States with limited 5352:Unitary authorities 5335:Ceremonial counties 5186:"Governing England" 3214:South Staffordshire 3104:Vale of White Horse 2619:North Hertfordshire 1912:Newcastle upon Tyne 1521:Newark and Sherwood 1366:East Cambridgeshire 1082:Established by the 1018:police authorities. 971:. The boroughs are 870:unitary authorities 684:. According to the 634: 392:Regional government 250:unitary authorities 5495:Preserved counties 5158:legislation.gov.uk 4988:legislation.gov.uk 4961:legislation.gov.uk 4937:legislation.gov.uk 4913:legislation.gov.uk 4889:legislation.gov.uk 4865:legislation.gov.uk 4741:legislation.gov.uk 4717:legislation.gov.uk 4656:legislation.gov.uk 4632:legislation.gov.uk 4615:legislation.gov.uk 4521:legislation.gov.uk 4492:Palgrave Macmillan 4429:"Devolution deals" 4379:legislation.gov.uk 4355:legislation.gov.uk 4300:legislation.gov.uk 4276:legislation.gov.uk 4252:legislation.gov.uk 4225:legislation.gov.uk 4201:legislation.gov.uk 4177:legislation.gov.uk 4153:legislation.gov.uk 3917:legislation.gov.uk 3748:legislation.gov.uk 3724:legislation.gov.uk 3699:legislation.gov.uk 3411:North Warwickshire 3378:Telford and Wrekin 3193:East Staffordshire 3057:North Lincolnshire 2675:Kingston upon Hull 2605:East Hertfordshire 1535:Greater Manchester 1337:Combined authority 1023:Greater Manchester 911:Combined authority 872:in all but name. 633: 521:Greater Manchester 498:Secretary of State 402: 147: 44: 5910: 5909: 5528: 5527: 5515:Historic counties 5468:Historic counties 5448:Lieutenancy areas 5382:Historic counties 5289:Lieutenancy areas 5215:. Ordnance Survey 3673:National Parks UK 3587: 3586: 3432:Stratford-on-Avon 3097:South Oxfordshire 2914:Oadby and Wigston 2197:Brighton and Hove 1265:Localism Act 2011 1231:COVID-19 pandemic 1165: 1164: 879:Unitary authority 806:Trading Standards 746:refuse collection 686:Localism Act 2011 631: 630: 623: 454:. The incumbent, 242:district councils 199:Local authorities 189:56 & 57 Vict. 170:Localism Act 2011 86:unitary authority 5930: 5863:Dependencies and 5567:Sovereign states 5555: 5548: 5541: 5532: 5531: 5255: 5248: 5241: 5232: 5231: 5225: 5224: 5222: 5220: 5209: 5203: 5202: 5200: 5198: 5178: 5167: 5166: 5149: 5143: 5142: 5140: 5138: 5132: 5121: 5112: 5106: 5105: 5103: 5101: 5080: 5047: 5046: 5044: 5042: 5020: 4997: 4996: 4979: 4970: 4969: 4952: 4946: 4945: 4928: 4922: 4921: 4904: 4898: 4897: 4880: 4874: 4873: 4856: 4850: 4849: 4847: 4845: 4839: 4831:townforum.org.uk 4828: 4819: 4813: 4812: 4810: 4808: 4797: 4788: 4782: 4781: 4779: 4777: 4757: 4751: 4749: 4732: 4726: 4725: 4708: 4702: 4701: 4699: 4697: 4686: 4677: 4666: 4664: 4647: 4641: 4640: 4623: 4606: 4600: 4599: 4597: 4595: 4574: 4568: 4567: 4565: 4563: 4552: 4543: 4530: 4529: 4512: 4506: 4505: 4490:(5th ed.). 4483: 4477: 4476: 4474: 4472: 4461: 4452: 4446: 4445: 4443: 4441: 4425: 4419: 4418: 4416: 4414: 4397: 4388: 4387: 4370: 4364: 4363: 4346: 4340: 4339: 4337: 4335: 4324: 4315: 4309: 4308: 4291: 4285: 4284: 4267: 4261: 4260: 4243: 4234: 4233: 4216: 4210: 4209: 4192: 4186: 4185: 4168: 4162: 4161: 4144: 4138: 4137: 4135: 4133: 4122: 4113: 4104: 4103: 4101: 4099: 4093: 4078: 4070: 4064: 4063: 4061: 4059: 4042: 4036: 4035: 4033: 4031: 4017: 4011: 4010: 4008: 4006: 4000: 3987: 3979: 3973: 3972: 3970: 3968: 3954: 3948: 3947: 3939: 3932: 3926: 3925: 3908: 3902: 3901: 3899: 3897: 3891: 3880: 3872: 3866: 3865: 3863: 3861: 3845: 3814: 3813: 3811: 3809: 3803:townforum.org.uk 3800: 3791: 3785: 3784: 3782: 3780: 3763: 3757: 3756: 3739: 3733: 3732: 3715: 3709: 3707: 3690: 3684: 3683: 3681: 3679: 3664: 3658: 3657: 3655: 3653: 3632: 3111:West Oxfordshire 2190:Bracknell Forest 2013:Stockton-on-Tees 1467:South Derbyshire 1439:Derbyshire Dales 1334: 1333: 1071:Fire and Rescue. 730:building control 724:Responsible for 635: 632: 626: 619: 615: 612: 606: 583: 575: 381:Cornwall Council 220: 211: 117:statutory bodies 5938: 5937: 5933: 5932: 5931: 5929: 5928: 5927: 5913: 5912: 5911: 5906: 5864: 5858: 5844:Northern Cyprus 5826: 5820: 5741:North Macedonia 5562: 5559: 5529: 5524: 5500:Principal areas 5472: 5420: 5391: 5307: 5264: 5259: 5229: 5228: 5218: 5216: 5213:"Election Maps" 5211: 5210: 5206: 5196: 5194: 5179: 5170: 5151: 5150: 5146: 5136: 5134: 5130: 5119: 5113: 5109: 5099: 5097: 5082: 5081: 5050: 5040: 5038: 5021: 5000: 4981: 4980: 4973: 4954: 4953: 4949: 4930: 4929: 4925: 4906: 4905: 4901: 4882: 4881: 4877: 4858: 4857: 4853: 4843: 4841: 4837: 4826: 4820: 4816: 4806: 4804: 4795: 4789: 4785: 4775: 4773: 4758: 4754: 4734: 4733: 4729: 4710: 4709: 4705: 4695: 4693: 4684: 4678: 4669: 4649: 4648: 4644: 4625: 4608: 4607: 4603: 4593: 4591: 4578:"Board Members" 4576: 4575: 4571: 4561: 4559: 4550: 4544: 4533: 4514: 4513: 4509: 4502: 4484: 4480: 4470: 4468: 4459: 4453: 4449: 4439: 4437: 4427: 4426: 4422: 4412: 4410: 4399: 4398: 4391: 4372: 4371: 4367: 4348: 4347: 4343: 4333: 4331: 4322: 4316: 4312: 4293: 4292: 4288: 4269: 4268: 4264: 4245: 4244: 4237: 4218: 4217: 4213: 4194: 4193: 4189: 4170: 4169: 4165: 4146: 4145: 4141: 4131: 4129: 4120: 4114: 4107: 4097: 4095: 4091: 4076: 4072: 4071: 4067: 4057: 4055: 4044: 4043: 4039: 4029: 4027: 4019: 4018: 4014: 4004: 4002: 3998: 3985: 3981: 3980: 3976: 3966: 3964: 3956: 3955: 3951: 3934: 3933: 3929: 3910: 3909: 3905: 3895: 3893: 3889: 3878: 3874: 3873: 3869: 3859: 3857: 3847: 3846: 3817: 3807: 3805: 3798: 3792: 3788: 3778: 3776: 3765: 3764: 3760: 3741: 3740: 3736: 3717: 3716: 3712: 3692: 3691: 3687: 3677: 3675: 3665: 3661: 3651: 3649: 3636:"Find your PCC" 3634: 3633: 3629: 3624: 3592: 3301:Epsom and Ewell 3174:Southend-on-Sea 2846:West Lancashire 2764:Tunbridge Wells 2668:Isles of Scilly 2654:Welwyn Hatfield 2450:Gloucestershire 2204:Buckinghamshire 2145:North Yorkshire 2074:West of England 1947:South Yorkshire 1481:Nottinghamshire 1380:Huntingdonshire 1343:District level 1320: 1298: 1282: 1276: 1249: 1243: 1223: 1205:confidentiality 1201:public interest 1170: 1159:Isles of Scilly 1038:chief constable 965:London Councils 860:social services 794:social services 734:council housing 732:, local roads, 627: 616: 610: 607: 596: 584: 573: 565:bus franchising 493: 487: 441:Ken Livingstone 425:London Assembly 421:Mayor of London 413: 407: 394: 368:, 19% on adult 338:Isles of Scilly 230: 229: 228: 227: 223: 222: 221: 213: 212: 201: 139: 133: 131:Parish councils 121:devolution deal 102:Isles of Scilly 35: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5936: 5926: 5925: 5908: 5907: 5905: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5889: 5884: 5879: 5874: 5868: 5866: 5865:other entities 5860: 5859: 5857: 5856: 5851: 5846: 5841: 5836: 5830: 5828: 5822: 5821: 5819: 5818: 5816:United Kingdom 5813: 5808: 5803: 5798: 5793: 5788: 5783: 5778: 5773: 5768: 5763: 5758: 5753: 5748: 5743: 5738: 5733: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5698: 5693: 5688: 5683: 5681: 5676: 5671: 5666: 5661: 5656: 5651: 5646: 5641: 5636: 5631: 5629:Czech Republic 5626: 5621: 5616: 5611: 5606: 5601: 5596: 5591: 5586: 5581: 5576: 5570: 5568: 5564: 5563: 5558: 5557: 5550: 5543: 5535: 5526: 5525: 5523: 5522: 5517: 5512: 5502: 5497: 5488: 5482: 5480: 5474: 5473: 5471: 5470: 5465: 5463:Civil parishes 5460: 5455: 5450: 5445: 5436: 5430: 5428: 5422: 5421: 5419: 5418: 5413: 5409:Subdivisions: 5407: 5401: 5399: 5393: 5392: 5390: 5389: 5384: 5379: 5372:Civil parishes 5369: 5359: 5349: 5344: 5343: 5342: 5332: 5323: 5317: 5315: 5309: 5308: 5306: 5305: 5291: 5286: 5282:Subdivisions: 5280: 5274: 5272: 5266: 5265: 5258: 5257: 5250: 5243: 5235: 5227: 5226: 5204: 5168: 5144: 5107: 5048: 4998: 4971: 4947: 4923: 4899: 4875: 4851: 4814: 4783: 4752: 4727: 4703: 4667: 4665:, s 41(1)-(2). 4642: 4601: 4569: 4531: 4507: 4500: 4494:. p. 84. 4478: 4447: 4420: 4409:. 22 June 2023 4389: 4365: 4341: 4310: 4286: 4262: 4235: 4211: 4187: 4163: 4139: 4105: 4065: 4054:. 1 March 2022 4037: 4012: 3974: 3949: 3937:"Parish"  3927: 3903: 3867: 3815: 3786: 3775:. 1 April 2022 3758: 3734: 3710: 3685: 3659: 3626: 3625: 3623: 3620: 3619: 3618: 3613: 3608: 3603: 3598: 3591: 3588: 3585: 3584: 3578: 3577: 3571: 3570: 3564: 3563: 3557: 3556: 3550: 3549: 3544: 3542:Worcestershire 3538: 3537: 3531: 3530: 3524: 3523: 3517: 3516: 3510: 3509: 3503: 3502: 3496: 3495: 3489: 3488: 3482: 3481: 3475: 3474: 3468: 3467: 3462: 3456: 3455: 3449: 3448: 3446:West Berkshire 3442: 3441: 3435: 3434: 3428: 3427: 3421: 3420: 3414: 3413: 3408: 3402: 3401: 3395: 3394: 3388: 3387: 3381: 3380: 3374: 3373: 3367: 3366: 3360: 3359: 3353: 3352: 3346: 3345: 3339: 3338: 3332: 3331: 3325: 3324: 3318: 3317: 3311: 3310: 3304: 3303: 3297: 3296: 3291: 3285: 3284: 3278: 3277: 3271: 3270: 3264: 3263: 3257: 3256: 3251: 3245: 3244: 3242:Stoke-on-Trent 3238: 3237: 3231: 3230: 3224: 3223: 3217: 3216: 3210: 3209: 3203: 3202: 3196: 3195: 3189: 3188: 3183: 3177: 3176: 3170: 3169: 3163: 3162: 3156: 3155: 3149: 3148: 3142: 3141: 3135: 3134: 3128: 3127: 3121: 3120: 3114: 3113: 3107: 3106: 3100: 3099: 3093: 3092: 3086: 3085: 3080: 3074: 3073: 3071:North Somerset 3067: 3066: 3060: 3059: 3053: 3052: 3046: 3045: 3039: 3038: 3032: 3031: 3025: 3024: 3018: 3017: 3015:Great Yarmouth 3011: 3010: 3004: 3003: 2998: 2992: 2991: 2985: 2984: 2978: 2977: 2971: 2970: 2964: 2963: 2961:South Kesteven 2957: 2956: 2950: 2949: 2947:North Kesteven 2943: 2942: 2936: 2935: 2929: 2928: 2923: 2917: 2916: 2910: 2909: 2903: 2902: 2896: 2895: 2889: 2888: 2882: 2881: 2875: 2874: 2869: 2867:Leicestershire 2863: 2862: 2856: 2855: 2849: 2848: 2842: 2841: 2835: 2834: 2828: 2827: 2821: 2820: 2814: 2813: 2807: 2806: 2800: 2799: 2793: 2792: 2786: 2785: 2779: 2778: 2773: 2767: 2766: 2760: 2759: 2753: 2752: 2746: 2745: 2739: 2738: 2732: 2731: 2725: 2724: 2718: 2717: 2711: 2710: 2704: 2703: 2697: 2696: 2690: 2689: 2684: 2678: 2677: 2671: 2670: 2664: 2663: 2657: 2656: 2650: 2649: 2643: 2642: 2636: 2635: 2629: 2628: 2622: 2621: 2615: 2614: 2608: 2607: 2601: 2600: 2594: 2593: 2588: 2582: 2581: 2575: 2574: 2568: 2567: 2561: 2560: 2554: 2553: 2547: 2546: 2540: 2539: 2533: 2532: 2526: 2525: 2519: 2518: 2512: 2511: 2509:East Hampshire 2505: 2504: 2499: 2493: 2492: 2486: 2485: 2479: 2478: 2472: 2471: 2469:Forest of Dean 2465: 2464: 2458: 2457: 2452: 2446: 2445: 2439: 2438: 2432: 2431: 2425: 2424: 2418: 2417: 2411: 2410: 2404: 2403: 2397: 2396: 2390: 2389: 2383: 2382: 2376: 2375: 2369: 2368: 2363: 2357: 2356: 2350: 2349: 2343: 2342: 2336: 2335: 2329: 2328: 2323: 2317: 2316: 2310: 2309: 2303: 2302: 2296: 2295: 2289: 2288: 2282: 2281: 2275: 2274: 2268: 2267: 2261: 2260: 2254: 2253: 2248: 2242: 2241: 2235: 2234: 2228: 2227: 2221: 2220: 2214: 2213: 2207: 2206: 2200: 2199: 2193: 2192: 2186: 2185: 2179: 2178: 2172: 2171: 2165: 2164: 2159: 2155: 2154: 2148: 2147: 2142: 2136: 2135: 2129: 2128: 2122: 2121: 2115: 2114: 2108: 2107: 2102: 2100:West Yorkshire 2096: 2095: 2089: 2088: 2082: 2081: 2076: 2070: 2069: 2063: 2062: 2056: 2055: 2049: 2048: 2042: 2041: 2035: 2034: 2028: 2027: 2022: 2016: 2015: 2009: 2008: 2002: 2001: 1995: 1994: 1988: 1987: 1982: 1976: 1975: 1969: 1968: 1962: 1961: 1955: 1954: 1949: 1943: 1942: 1936: 1935: 1933:South Tyneside 1929: 1928: 1926:Northumberland 1922: 1921: 1919:North Tyneside 1915: 1914: 1908: 1907: 1901: 1900: 1895: 1889: 1888: 1882: 1881: 1875: 1874: 1872:Waltham Forest 1868: 1867: 1861: 1860: 1854: 1853: 1847: 1846: 1840: 1839: 1833: 1832: 1826: 1825: 1819: 1818: 1812: 1811: 1805: 1804: 1798: 1797: 1791: 1790: 1784: 1783: 1777: 1776: 1770: 1769: 1763: 1762: 1756: 1755: 1749: 1748: 1742: 1741: 1735: 1734: 1728: 1727: 1721: 1720: 1714: 1713: 1707: 1706: 1700: 1699: 1693: 1692: 1686: 1685: 1679: 1678: 1672: 1671: 1665: 1664: 1659: 1653: 1652: 1646: 1645: 1639: 1638: 1632: 1631: 1625: 1624: 1618: 1617: 1612: 1606: 1605: 1599: 1598: 1592: 1591: 1585: 1584: 1578: 1577: 1571: 1570: 1564: 1563: 1557: 1556: 1550: 1549: 1543: 1542: 1537: 1531: 1530: 1524: 1523: 1517: 1516: 1510: 1509: 1503: 1502: 1496: 1495: 1489: 1488: 1483: 1477: 1476: 1470: 1469: 1463: 1462: 1456: 1455: 1449: 1448: 1442: 1441: 1435: 1434: 1428: 1427: 1421: 1420: 1415: 1409: 1408: 1403: 1397: 1396: 1390: 1389: 1383: 1382: 1376: 1375: 1369: 1368: 1362: 1361: 1356: 1354:Cambridgeshire 1351: 1345: 1344: 1341: 1338: 1325:civil parishes 1319: 1316: 1297: 1294: 1278:Main article: 1275: 1274:Business rates 1272: 1245:Main article: 1242: 1239: 1222: 1219: 1207:requirements. 1182:business rates 1169: 1166: 1163: 1162: 1151: 1150: 1148: 1146: 1140: 1139: 1136:City of London 1128: 1127: 1125: 1123: 1117: 1116: 1112: 1111: 1106: 1104: 1098: 1097: 1093: 1092: 1087: 1080: 1074: 1073: 1066: 1065: 1060: 1058: 1051: 1050: 1033: 1032: 1027: 1014: 1007: 1006: 1001: 1000: 995: 992: 985: 984: 955: 954: 949: 946: 940: 939: 934: 933: 924: 913: 907: 906: 902: 901: 884: 881: 875: 874: 847: 846: 830: 820: 814: 813: 810:waste disposal 785: 784: 775: 769: 766:County council 762: 761: 726:local planning 721: 720: 707: 701: 694: 693: 669: 668: 655: 652: 646: 645: 642: 639: 629: 628: 587: 585: 578: 572: 569: 486: 483: 469:, holding the 445:Prime Minister 423:and 25-member 419:established a 406: 403: 393: 390: 304:Greater London 225: 224: 215: 214: 206: 205: 204: 203: 202: 200: 197: 151:civil parishes 132: 129: 113:Greater London 98:City of London 90:London borough 70:Civil parishes 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5935: 5924: 5921: 5920: 5918: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5880: 5878: 5877:Faroe Islands 5875: 5873: 5870: 5869: 5867: 5861: 5855: 5852: 5850: 5849:South Ossetia 5847: 5845: 5842: 5840: 5837: 5835: 5832: 5831: 5829: 5823: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5809: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5777: 5774: 5772: 5769: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5757: 5754: 5752: 5749: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5701:Liechtenstein 5699: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5682: 5680: 5677: 5675: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5620: 5617: 5615: 5612: 5610: 5607: 5605: 5602: 5600: 5597: 5595: 5592: 5590: 5587: 5585: 5582: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5572: 5571: 5569: 5565: 5556: 5551: 5549: 5544: 5542: 5537: 5536: 5533: 5521: 5518: 5516: 5513: 5510: 5506: 5503: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5483: 5481: 5479: 5475: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5459: 5456: 5454: 5453:Council areas 5451: 5449: 5446: 5444: 5440: 5437: 5435: 5432: 5431: 5429: 5427: 5423: 5417: 5414: 5412: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5402: 5400: 5398: 5394: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5377: 5373: 5370: 5367: 5363: 5360: 5357: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5341: 5338: 5337: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5327: 5324: 5322: 5319: 5318: 5316: 5314: 5310: 5303: 5299: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5281: 5279: 5276: 5275: 5273: 5271: 5267: 5263: 5256: 5251: 5249: 5244: 5242: 5237: 5236: 5233: 5214: 5208: 5193: 5192: 5191:UK Parliament 5187: 5183: 5177: 5175: 5173: 5164: 5160: 5159: 5154: 5148: 5129: 5125: 5118: 5111: 5095: 5091: 5090: 5085: 5079: 5077: 5075: 5073: 5071: 5069: 5067: 5065: 5063: 5061: 5059: 5057: 5055: 5053: 5036: 5032: 5031: 5026: 5019: 5017: 5015: 5013: 5011: 5009: 5007: 5005: 5003: 4994: 4990: 4989: 4984: 4978: 4976: 4967: 4963: 4962: 4957: 4951: 4943: 4939: 4938: 4933: 4927: 4919: 4915: 4914: 4909: 4903: 4895: 4891: 4890: 4885: 4879: 4871: 4867: 4866: 4861: 4855: 4836: 4832: 4825: 4818: 4803: 4802: 4794: 4787: 4771: 4767: 4763: 4756: 4747: 4743: 4742: 4737: 4731: 4723: 4719: 4718: 4713: 4707: 4692: 4691: 4683: 4676: 4674: 4672: 4662: 4658: 4657: 4652: 4646: 4638: 4634: 4633: 4628: 4621: 4617: 4616: 4611: 4605: 4589: 4585: 4584: 4579: 4573: 4558: 4557: 4549: 4542: 4540: 4538: 4536: 4527: 4523: 4522: 4517: 4511: 4503: 4501:9780230246393 4497: 4493: 4489: 4482: 4467: 4466: 4458: 4451: 4436: 4435: 4430: 4424: 4408: 4407: 4406:UK Government 4402: 4396: 4394: 4385: 4381: 4380: 4375: 4369: 4361: 4357: 4356: 4351: 4345: 4330: 4329: 4321: 4314: 4306: 4302: 4301: 4296: 4290: 4282: 4278: 4277: 4272: 4266: 4258: 4254: 4253: 4248: 4242: 4240: 4231: 4227: 4226: 4221: 4215: 4207: 4203: 4202: 4197: 4191: 4183: 4179: 4178: 4173: 4167: 4159: 4155: 4154: 4149: 4143: 4128: 4127: 4119: 4112: 4110: 4090: 4086: 4082: 4075: 4069: 4053: 4052: 4047: 4041: 4026: 4022: 4016: 3997: 3993: 3992: 3991:UK Government 3984: 3978: 3963: 3959: 3953: 3945: 3944: 3938: 3931: 3924:, SI 2012/965 3923: 3919: 3918: 3913: 3907: 3888: 3884: 3877: 3871: 3856: 3855: 3854:UK Government 3850: 3844: 3842: 3840: 3838: 3836: 3834: 3832: 3830: 3828: 3826: 3824: 3822: 3820: 3804: 3797: 3790: 3774: 3773: 3768: 3762: 3754: 3750: 3749: 3744: 3738: 3730: 3726: 3725: 3720: 3714: 3705: 3701: 3700: 3695: 3689: 3674: 3670: 3663: 3647: 3643: 3642: 3637: 3631: 3627: 3617: 3614: 3612: 3609: 3607: 3604: 3602: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3593: 3583: 3580: 3579: 3576: 3573: 3572: 3569: 3566: 3565: 3562: 3559: 3558: 3555: 3554:Malvern Hills 3552: 3551: 3548: 3545: 3543: 3539: 3536: 3532: 3529: 3525: 3522: 3518: 3515: 3511: 3508: 3505: 3504: 3501: 3498: 3497: 3494: 3491: 3490: 3487: 3484: 3483: 3480: 3477: 3476: 3473: 3470: 3469: 3466: 3463: 3461: 3457: 3454: 3450: 3447: 3443: 3440: 3437: 3436: 3433: 3430: 3429: 3426: 3423: 3422: 3419: 3416: 3415: 3412: 3409: 3407: 3403: 3400: 3396: 3393: 3389: 3386: 3382: 3379: 3375: 3372: 3368: 3365: 3362: 3361: 3358: 3355: 3354: 3351: 3348: 3347: 3344: 3341: 3340: 3337: 3334: 3333: 3330: 3327: 3326: 3323: 3320: 3319: 3316: 3313: 3312: 3309: 3306: 3305: 3302: 3299: 3298: 3295: 3292: 3290: 3286: 3283: 3280: 3279: 3276: 3273: 3272: 3269: 3266: 3265: 3262: 3259: 3258: 3255: 3252: 3250: 3246: 3243: 3239: 3236: 3233: 3232: 3229: 3226: 3225: 3222: 3219: 3218: 3215: 3212: 3211: 3208: 3205: 3204: 3201: 3198: 3197: 3194: 3191: 3190: 3187: 3186:Cannock Chase 3184: 3182: 3181:Staffordshire 3178: 3175: 3171: 3168: 3164: 3161: 3157: 3154: 3150: 3147: 3143: 3140: 3136: 3133: 3129: 3126: 3122: 3119: 3115: 3112: 3109: 3108: 3105: 3102: 3101: 3098: 3095: 3094: 3091: 3088: 3087: 3084: 3081: 3079: 3075: 3072: 3068: 3065: 3061: 3058: 3054: 3051: 3047: 3044: 3043:South Norfolk 3041: 3040: 3037: 3034: 3033: 3030: 3029:North Norfolk 3027: 3026: 3023: 3020: 3019: 3016: 3013: 3012: 3009: 3006: 3005: 3002: 2999: 2997: 2993: 2990: 2989:Milton Keynes 2986: 2983: 2979: 2976: 2972: 2969: 2966: 2965: 2962: 2959: 2958: 2955: 2954:South Holland 2952: 2951: 2948: 2945: 2944: 2941: 2938: 2937: 2934: 2931: 2930: 2927: 2924: 2922: 2918: 2915: 2912: 2911: 2908: 2905: 2904: 2901: 2898: 2897: 2894: 2891: 2890: 2887: 2884: 2883: 2880: 2877: 2876: 2873: 2870: 2868: 2864: 2861: 2857: 2854: 2851: 2850: 2847: 2844: 2843: 2840: 2837: 2836: 2833: 2830: 2829: 2826: 2825:Ribble Valley 2823: 2822: 2819: 2816: 2815: 2812: 2809: 2808: 2805: 2802: 2801: 2798: 2795: 2794: 2791: 2788: 2787: 2784: 2781: 2780: 2777: 2774: 2772: 2768: 2765: 2762: 2761: 2758: 2755: 2754: 2751: 2748: 2747: 2744: 2741: 2740: 2737: 2734: 2733: 2730: 2727: 2726: 2723: 2720: 2719: 2716: 2713: 2712: 2709: 2706: 2705: 2702: 2699: 2698: 2695: 2692: 2691: 2688: 2685: 2683: 2679: 2676: 2672: 2669: 2665: 2662: 2661:Isle of Wight 2658: 2655: 2652: 2651: 2648: 2645: 2644: 2641: 2638: 2637: 2634: 2631: 2630: 2627: 2624: 2623: 2620: 2617: 2616: 2613: 2610: 2609: 2606: 2603: 2602: 2599: 2596: 2595: 2592: 2589: 2587: 2586:Hertfordshire 2583: 2580: 2579:Herefordshire 2576: 2573: 2570: 2569: 2566: 2563: 2562: 2559: 2556: 2555: 2552: 2549: 2548: 2545: 2542: 2541: 2538: 2535: 2534: 2531: 2528: 2527: 2524: 2521: 2520: 2517: 2514: 2513: 2510: 2507: 2506: 2503: 2500: 2498: 2494: 2491: 2488: 2487: 2484: 2481: 2480: 2477: 2474: 2473: 2470: 2467: 2466: 2463: 2460: 2459: 2456: 2453: 2451: 2447: 2444: 2441: 2440: 2437: 2434: 2433: 2430: 2427: 2426: 2423: 2420: 2419: 2416: 2413: 2412: 2409: 2408:Epping Forest 2406: 2405: 2402: 2399: 2398: 2395: 2392: 2391: 2388: 2385: 2384: 2381: 2378: 2377: 2374: 2371: 2370: 2367: 2364: 2362: 2358: 2355: 2352: 2351: 2348: 2345: 2344: 2341: 2338: 2337: 2334: 2331: 2330: 2327: 2324: 2322: 2318: 2315: 2311: 2308: 2304: 2301: 2298: 2297: 2294: 2291: 2290: 2287: 2284: 2283: 2280: 2277: 2276: 2273: 2270: 2269: 2266: 2263: 2262: 2259: 2256: 2255: 2252: 2249: 2247: 2243: 2240: 2236: 2233: 2229: 2226: 2222: 2219: 2218:Cheshire East 2215: 2212: 2208: 2205: 2201: 2198: 2194: 2191: 2187: 2184: 2180: 2177: 2173: 2170: 2166: 2163: 2156: 2153: 2149: 2146: 2141: 2137: 2134: 2130: 2127: 2123: 2120: 2116: 2113: 2109: 2106: 2101: 2097: 2094: 2090: 2087: 2083: 2080: 2075: 2071: 2068: 2067:Wolverhampton 2064: 2061: 2057: 2054: 2050: 2047: 2043: 2040: 2036: 2033: 2029: 2026: 2021: 2020:West Midlands 2017: 2014: 2010: 2007: 2003: 2000: 1999:Middlesbrough 1996: 1993: 1989: 1986: 1981: 1977: 1974: 1970: 1967: 1963: 1960: 1956: 1953: 1948: 1944: 1941: 1937: 1934: 1930: 1927: 1923: 1920: 1916: 1913: 1909: 1906: 1902: 1899: 1894: 1890: 1887: 1883: 1880: 1876: 1873: 1869: 1866: 1865:Tower Hamlets 1862: 1859: 1855: 1852: 1848: 1845: 1841: 1838: 1834: 1831: 1827: 1824: 1820: 1817: 1816:London (City) 1813: 1810: 1806: 1803: 1799: 1796: 1792: 1789: 1785: 1782: 1778: 1775: 1771: 1768: 1764: 1761: 1757: 1754: 1750: 1747: 1743: 1740: 1736: 1733: 1729: 1726: 1722: 1719: 1715: 1712: 1708: 1705: 1701: 1698: 1694: 1691: 1687: 1684: 1680: 1677: 1673: 1670: 1666: 1663: 1658: 1654: 1651: 1647: 1644: 1640: 1637: 1633: 1630: 1626: 1623: 1619: 1616: 1611: 1607: 1604: 1600: 1597: 1593: 1590: 1586: 1583: 1579: 1576: 1572: 1569: 1565: 1562: 1558: 1555: 1551: 1548: 1544: 1541: 1536: 1532: 1529: 1526: 1525: 1522: 1519: 1518: 1515: 1512: 1511: 1508: 1505: 1504: 1501: 1498: 1497: 1494: 1491: 1490: 1487: 1484: 1482: 1478: 1475: 1471: 1468: 1465: 1464: 1461: 1458: 1457: 1454: 1451: 1450: 1447: 1444: 1443: 1440: 1437: 1436: 1433: 1430: 1429: 1426: 1423: 1422: 1419: 1416: 1414: 1410: 1407: 1402: 1401:East Midlands 1398: 1395: 1391: 1388: 1385: 1384: 1381: 1378: 1377: 1374: 1371: 1370: 1367: 1364: 1363: 1360: 1357: 1355: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1339: 1336: 1335: 1332: 1330: 1326: 1315: 1310: 1305: 1303: 1300:In 2022, the 1293: 1289: 1287: 1281: 1271: 1268: 1266: 1262: 1256: 1254: 1248: 1238: 1234: 1232: 1228: 1218: 1216: 1211: 1208: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1185: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1174:UK Government 1160: 1157:body for the 1156: 1152: 1149: 1147: 1145: 1142: 1141: 1137: 1134:body for the 1133: 1129: 1126: 1124: 1122: 1119: 1118: 1113: 1110: 1107: 1105: 1103: 1100: 1099: 1094: 1091: 1088: 1085: 1081: 1079: 1076: 1075: 1072: 1067: 1064: 1061: 1059: 1056: 1053: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1039: 1034: 1031: 1028: 1026: 1024: 1019: 1015: 1012: 1009: 1008: 1002: 999: 996: 994:London only. 993: 990: 987: 986: 982: 978: 974: 970: 966: 962: 956: 953: 950: 947: 945: 942: 941: 935: 932: 928: 925: 922: 918: 914: 912: 909: 908: 903: 900: 896: 892: 888: 885: 882: 880: 877: 876: 873: 871: 865: 861: 857: 853: 848: 845: 841: 837: 834: 831: 829: 827: 821: 819: 816: 815: 811: 807: 803: 802:fire services 799: 795: 791: 786: 783: 779: 776: 774: 770: 767: 764: 763: 759: 755: 751: 747: 743: 739: 735: 731: 727: 722: 719: 715: 711: 708: 706: 702: 699: 696: 695: 691: 687: 683: 680:and building 679: 675: 670: 667: 663: 659: 656: 653: 651: 648: 647: 643: 640: 637: 636: 625: 622: 614: 604: 600: 594: 593: 588:This section 586: 582: 577: 576: 568: 566: 562: 558: 552: 550: 546: 542: 538: 534: 530: 529:West Midlands 526: 522: 518: 514: 510: 505: 503: 499: 492: 482: 480: 476: 472: 468: 463: 461: 457: 453: 449: 448:Boris Johnson 446: 442: 438: 434: 430: 426: 422: 418: 412: 398: 389: 387: 382: 377: 375: 371: 367: 362: 360: 356: 350: 347: 343: 339: 334: 332: 328: 327:Middle Temple 324: 320: 316: 313: 309: 305: 301: 297: 292: 290: 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 265: 263: 262:royal borough 259: 255: 251: 247: 243: 239: 235: 219: 210: 196: 194: 190: 186: 182: 177: 175: 171: 167: 164:and building 163: 159: 154: 152: 143: 138: 128: 126: 125:UK Government 122: 118: 114: 110: 105: 103: 99: 95: 91: 87: 83: 79: 74: 71: 67: 65: 61: 57: 53: 48: 39: 33: 26: 22: 5854:Transnistria 5491:Subdivisions 5439:Subdivisions 5326:Subdivisions 5312: 5284:Shrievalties 5217:. Retrieved 5207: 5195:. Retrieved 5189: 5156: 5147: 5137:20 September 5135:. Retrieved 5123: 5110: 5098:. Retrieved 5087: 5039:. Retrieved 5028: 4986: 4959: 4950: 4944:, 2011 c. 13 4935: 4926: 4920:, 1963 c. 33 4911: 4902: 4896:, 1985 c. 51 4887: 4878: 4863: 4854: 4842:. Retrieved 4830: 4817: 4805:. Retrieved 4799: 4786: 4776:20 September 4774:. Retrieved 4765: 4755: 4739: 4730: 4715: 4706: 4694:. Retrieved 4688: 4663:, 1999 c. 29 4654: 4645: 4630: 4613: 4604: 4592:. Retrieved 4581: 4572: 4560:. Retrieved 4554: 4519: 4510: 4487: 4481: 4469:. Retrieved 4463: 4450: 4438:. Retrieved 4432: 4423: 4411:. Retrieved 4404: 4377: 4368: 4353: 4344: 4332:. Retrieved 4326: 4313: 4298: 4289: 4274: 4265: 4250: 4223: 4214: 4199: 4190: 4175: 4166: 4151: 4142: 4130:. Retrieved 4124: 4098:20 September 4096:. Retrieved 4080: 4068: 4056:. Retrieved 4049: 4040: 4028:. Retrieved 4024: 4015: 4003:. Retrieved 3989: 3977: 3965:. Retrieved 3961: 3952: 3941: 3930: 3915: 3906: 3894:. Retrieved 3882: 3870: 3858:. Retrieved 3852: 3806:. Retrieved 3802: 3789: 3777:. Retrieved 3770: 3761: 3746: 3737: 3722: 3713: 3706:, 1972 c. 70 3697: 3688: 3676:. Retrieved 3672: 3662: 3650:. Retrieved 3639: 3630: 3406:Warwickshire 3343:Surrey Heath 3282:West Suffolk 3261:East Suffolk 2968:West Lindsey 2933:East Lindsey 2921:Lincolnshire 2839:South Ribble 2640:Three Rivers 2387:Castle Point 1432:Chesterfield 1418:Amber Valley 1394:Peterborough 1340:County level 1321: 1312: 1307: 1299: 1290: 1283: 1269: 1257: 1250: 1235: 1224: 1212: 1209: 1186: 1171: 1020: 867: 823: 772: 704: 682:bus shelters 617: 611:October 2023 608: 597:Please help 592:verification 589: 561:fire brigade 557:police force 553: 517:Andy Burnham 506: 494: 464: 427:. The first 414: 378: 363: 351: 346:metropolitan 335: 331:Inner Temple 318: 317:. The other 311: 293: 266: 231: 178: 166:bus shelters 155: 148: 106: 75: 68: 46: 45: 5892:Isle of Man 5827:recognition 5801:Switzerland 5736:Netherlands 5505:Communities 5443:Sheriffdoms 4968:, 2017 c. 3 4748:, 2016 c. 1 3896:10 November 3582:Wyre Forest 3460:West Sussex 3315:Mole Valley 3275:Mid Suffolk 3167:Southampton 3078:Oxfordshire 2565:Test Valley 2321:East Sussex 2286:Teignbridge 2272:North Devon 1980:Tees Valley 1886:Westminster 1247:Council Tax 1241:Council tax 1217:countries. 1189:investments 1178:council tax 1155:Sui generis 1132:Sui generis 1047:council tax 744:and fairs, 678:litter bins 644:Example(s) 549:Tees Valley 525:Andy Street 479:London Plan 370:social care 319:sui generis 312:sui generis 269:councillors 236:, two-tier 162:litter bins 5771:San Marino 5731:Montenegro 5711:Luxembourg 5691:Kazakhstan 5594:Azerbaijan 5197:20 October 5100:20 October 5041:20 October 4413:20 October 3622:References 3547:Bromsgrove 3500:Mid Sussex 3479:Chichester 3399:Warrington 3336:Spelthorne 3146:Shropshire 3125:Portsmouth 2886:Harborough 2832:Rossendale 2771:Lancashire 2694:Canterbury 2591:Broxbourne 2572:Winchester 2551:New Forest 2490:Tewkesbury 2476:Gloucester 2455:Cheltenham 2443:Uttlesford 2401:Colchester 2394:Chelmsford 2326:Eastbourne 2300:West Devon 2279:South Hams 2251:East Devon 2239:Cumberland 2112:Calderdale 2025:Birmingham 1992:Hartlepool 1985:Darlington 1940:Sunderland 1893:North East 1879:Wandsworth 1767:Hillingdon 1554:Manchester 1528:Rushcliffe 1474:Nottingham 1413:Derbyshire 1296:Criticisms 1261:referendum 758:crematoria 754:cemeteries 674:allotments 456:Sadiq Khan 279:under the 158:allotments 58:, and ten 5882:Gibraltar 5706:Lithuania 5416:Districts 5362:Districts 3568:Worcester 3535:Wokingham 3521:Wiltshire 3350:Tandridge 3329:Runnymede 3308:Guildford 3294:Elmbridge 3200:Lichfield 3008:Broadland 3001:Breckland 2879:Charnwood 2860:Leicester 2804:Lancaster 2736:Sevenoaks 2729:Maidstone 2722:Gravesham 2633:Stevenage 2626:St Albans 2612:Hertsmere 2516:Eastleigh 2497:Hampshire 2380:Brentwood 2373:Braintree 2265:Mid Devon 2176:Blackpool 2133:Wakefield 1973:Sheffield 1966:Rotherham 1959:Doncaster 1905:Gateshead 1851:Southwark 1837:Redbridge 1781:Islington 1725:Greenwich 1636:St Helens 1629:Liverpool 1582:Stockport 1514:Mansfield 1493:Bassetlaw 1453:High Peak 1359:Cambridge 1016:Replaced 864:libraries 838:Council, 833:Stockport 798:libraries 790:education 750:recycling 531:. 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Index

History of local government in England
Political make-up of local councils in the United Kingdom
Joint Chiefs of Staff

police and crime commissioners
police, fire and crime commissioners
national park authorities
in 1974
Civil parishes
non-metropolitan county
non-metropolitan district
unitary authority
London borough
metropolitan borough
City of London
Isles of Scilly
Greater London Authority
Greater London
statutory bodies
devolution deal
UK Government
Parish council (England)

civil parishes
allotments
litter bins
bus shelters
Localism Act 2011
general power of competence
Church of England's parishes

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