Knowledge

List of shibboleths

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And the Gileadites took the passages of Jordan before the Ephraimites: and it was so, that when those Ephraimites which were escaped said, Let me go over; that the men of Gilead said unto him, Art thou an Ephraimite? If he said, Nay; Then said they unto him, Say now Shibboleth: and he said Sibboleth:
570:("the day of the pursuit and capture"), people in Cagliari started chasing any Piedmontese functionaries they could find; since many of them started to wear the local robes in order to blend into the crowd, any people suspected to be from the Italian mainland would be asked by the populace to " 6353:
as "The 101," whereas Northern Californians will refer to it as simply "101." By comparison, people in the rest of the United States more often precede a freeway's route number with its highway classification, as in "U.S. 101" for a Federal highway or "Interstate 5" or "I-5" for an interstate
437:
occupiers of the city during a nocturnal surprise attack. According to a famous legend, they stormed into the houses where they knew the tenants were forced to board and lodge French troops serving as city guards, roused every male person from his bed and forced him to repeat the challenge
907:. The locals accosted random people with Japanese phrases that were difficult to pronounce for non-native speakers, resulting in the killings of ethnic Koreans. Many ethnic Chinese were also killed as they were also unable to correctly pronounce the shibboleths. An 2398:
vowel reduced to a schwa. but they are both more noticeable and generally less approved of, possibly because they deviate far enough from the spelling as to make the speaker sound potentially semiliterate. This shibboleth was referenced in the Oscar-winning movie
4301:
itself is subject to a shibboleth. The names are pronounced by locals as "Gwin-EHT" with the stress on the second syllable. Many visitors to the region pronounce it as "GWIN-it," stressing the first syllable and pronouncing the second syllable with little
506:" as in Norse and Norse-influenced English words. Therefore, it is sometimes said that the words must have been "'s gilden vriend" meaning "friend of the guilds." The combination of the 's and the g in "'s gilden" would be pronounced 6058:, Pennsylvania: Located in eastern Pennsylvania, this name of this river is said to be a Dutch translation of the original Leni Lenape name. Outsiders often have great difficulty pronouncing the name — and, when sounded out, say 8221: 590: 1034:
American soldiers could ferret out German infiltrators during their time in the Western Front. German spies were taught British English, which was different from American English. For example, Britons used the word
610: 550:, and the Italian r, were (and are still) difficult for the French to pronounce as that sequence of sounds seldom appears in French; also, in French and Angevin, words are primarily stressed on the final syllable. 3047:: Without context or further description, among New Zealanders "The East Coast" usually refers to the northeast of the North Island, whereas "The West Coast" usually refers to the west coast of the South Island. 592: 6439:
is generally referred to by its full name, "SF" or as “the City”. In contrast, new residents and people from other parts of the US will often say "San Fran", clearly distinguishing transplants from locals.
4543: 2190: 4886: 388:
back into their home territory, but the Gileadites secured the river's fords to stop them. To identify and kill these Ephraimites, the Gileadites told each suspected survivor to say the word
4935: 1107:
replaced the established passwords for their night attack with the phrase "Hey Jimmie", because the Spanish-speaking Argentinians would have difficulty pronouncing the English consonant "J".
3779: 8229: 6868:
Shahmuratian. Sumgait Tragedy, Interview with Vanya Bazyan, p. 159; also: Vahagn Martirosyan, interview (Alexandre Billette, Hervé Dez (2014) - Transkraïna, online, retrieved 2014.02.13
965:, ) became one of those proposed to use to identify Russian subversive reconnaissance groups, as it is unlikely to be pronounced properly by Russians due to different phonetics of the 877:) and dental are both unlikely to be pronounced properly by Germans since they cannot make out the difference from their own sounds and . (The former was approximated by Germans as 6927: 405:
for he could not frame to pronounce it right. Then they took him, and slew him at the passages of Jordan: and there fell at that time of the Ephraimites forty and two thousand.
8051: 6454: 7392: 1154:
as religious shibboleths to determine Muslims and non-Muslims. Muslims were freed, while non-Muslims were targeted. An Indian man who could not name Aminah was shot dead.
591: 6953: 743:'u' (ю), he was considered a Russian foreign fighter and was shot on the spot. Any Slav or Balt, Communist or not, was killed, including some members of the White Guard. 7407: 7065:
An Indian man who was standing next to him was asked for the name of the Prophet's mother and when he was unable to answer, he was shot dead, the witness told him.
7461: 7619: 2991:: Whereas most New Zealanders would talk about travelling to Central Otago or being in Central Otago, locals refer to travelling or being "up Central". 267: 6449: 629:(1515–1523). Ships whose crew could not pronounce this properly were usually plundered and soldiers who could not were beheaded by Donia himself. 7777: 1215:) 'to see the sun go under the sea', pronounced (or, in broader accents, ) is used to identify speakers of the Amsterdam dialect, who lack the 6079:
The US state of Oregon is home to a county, city, river, bay, state forest, museum, Native American tribe, and dairy processing company called
720:. Many of the Russians caught had changed to civilian clothing, so suspected people were rounded up, even from hospitals, and asked to say 3890:. The name was originally Native American, but came to English via Spanish as the local pronunciation is based on the Spanish equivalent. 279:, a word or custom whose variations in pronunciation or style can be used to differentiate members of ingroups from those of outgroups. 7948: 7637: 6366: 1407: 1261: 129: 7998: 485:
Every Frenchman who failed the test was stabbed on the spot, still in his nightgown. Because the signal for the uprising was the
5404:. Additionally, there are a number of smaller towns in other states bearing the name Nevada pronounced yet another way, such as 101: 7920: 7382: 3893: 870: 7699: 8070: 7503: 7358: 7237: 7210: 7184: 7031: 6749: 6687: 3617:. This inconsistency has non-locals mispronouncing one or the other, regardless of their default way of pronouncing the name. 763:. This word is almost impossible to pronounce for anyone not skilled in Finnish, with the frontal 'ö' and 'y' and rolled 'r' 640: 2113:, rhyming with "vagina". Familiarity with the standard pronunciation may in some cases distinguish Canadians from Americans. 7655: 2621:(like "ivy"), although in Ulster (the location of the place from which the title derives) "Iveagh" is typically pronounced 287: 108: 82: 37: 8185: 7732: 6504: 6401: 4311: 7202:
Cities on the Margin, on the Margin of Cities: Representations of Urban Space in Contemporary Irish and British Fiction
6349:
locals generally do not use "the" before a numerical freeway name. For example, Southern Californians usually refer to
1173: 283: 7471: 8203: 7333: 6988: 6783: 6725: 6250: 6202: 6071: 6062: 6044: 6000: 5952: 5911: 5811: 5774: 5709: 5669: 5626: 5586: 5533: 5491: 5436: 5395: 5354: 5302: 5247: 5196: 5162: 5112: 5074: 5029: 4989: 4941: 4892: 4800: 4695: 4654: 4549: 4499: 4450: 4419: 4289: 4248: 4135: 4066: 3971: 3937: 3785: 3724: 3669: 3609: 3565: 3512: 3462: 3414: 3369: 3321: 3266: 3232: 3191: 3151: 2777: 2736: 2644: 2537: 2450: 2415:: Some Vancouver residents may pronounce the city’s name as though there were a “g” between the first two syllables: 2277: 2228: 2134: 2124: 2104: 2051: 2001: 1930: 1874: 1811: 1771: 1710: 1670: 1542: 1499: 1450: 228: 210: 148: 115: 51: 7495:
Saskatchewan book of everything : everything you wanted to know about Saskatchewan and were going to ask anyway
7104: 6477:, p. 10 the medieval Hebrew commentators and most modern scholars have understood it in this alternative sense. 192: 8095: 7446: 6779: 6370: 6358: 950: 618:) (meaning "Butter, rye bread and green cheese, whoever cannot say that is not a genuine Frisian") was used by the 364: 3903:, Maryland which is often cited as a name that people from outside the city are unlikely to know how to pronounce. 8266: 8256: 8024: 7853: 7306: 1555: 1304:
in New Zealand, sounds like "feesh and cheeps" to the ears of a New Zealander, sounding like an instance of the "
1161: 1158: 1126: 1122: 850: 249: 7541: 7077: 6702: 4799:
Kuykendahl Road, Houston, Texas: Non-locals will try to sound this out, but most locals know to pronounce it as
1458:. Locals pronounce the first syllable like the male name "Al," which is the opposite of the New York equivalent. 97: 1185: 177: 86: 896: 7681: 497:. Like the name of the massacre, the story may have been influenced by the Sicilian uprising mentioned below. 7834: 6880: 6806: 6954:""Поляніца": російська пропагандистка Скабєєва не змогла правильно вимовити "перевіркове" українське слово" 6539: 6405: 3473: 1339:. Also often pronounced 'haitch' in dialects of English spoken in former colonies of Africa, Asia, and the 1293: 1177: 869:
words was put to death, ejected from the city or had their property confiscated. 'Ł' (then pronounced as a
6915: 6376:
Additionally, some residents of the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area will refer to it as "The DMV" (the
3108: 3098: 3088: 3081: 3074: 3070: 3056: 3034: 3030: 3020: 3016: 3006: 3002: 2937: 1216: 660: 656: 547: 507: 457: 453: 263: 259: 6397: 6009: 1257: 1118: 8222:"National? Reagan? DCA? 17 years later, locals still can't agree on the name of the airport in question" 1292:
is a central vowel, . This vowel sound is sometimes caricatured as "fush and chups" by Australians. The
854: 685:"loste hir heedes at that tyme and namely they that koude nat say Breede and Chese, but Case and Brode." 7527: 7254: 6916:"주고엔 고짓센(한국인이 발음 어려운 일본어·15엔 50전이란 뜻) 발음해봐"… 조선인 색출해 길거리서 칼·죽창 살해. Chosun.com. Retrieved 3 October 2023 6393: 6080: 4460: 3987:, Colorado. Unlike other places bearing this name in the United States (typical pronunciations include 1635: 1096: 1016: 502:
The problem with this legend is that in Medieval manuscripts of that time, a shield is referred to as "
356:, whose dialect used a differently sounding first consonant. The difference concerns the Hebrew letter 291: 6850: 1092:. If they said the former, they were let through; if they said the latter, they were shot on the spot. 794:. Suspects not fluent in Spanish either did not know or could not properly pronounce the Spanish word 6764: 6425: 6421: 4562: 3794: 3012: 2236:. In contrast, outsiders frequently stress the first syllable and fully pronounce all of its vowels: 1418: 934:
was one of the shibboleths used to Koreans, as pronouncing voiced consonants were difficult for them.
915:, were also killed as they had accents that sounded strange to the paranoid locals. The phrase 15.50 7759: 6904: 6572: 2985:: The town of Bluff is almost always referred to by locals with the definite article as "The Bluff". 2295:: Toronto is sometimes pronounced with the first syllable elided as if it were a two-syllable word: 1023:, and the letter w is normally pronounced "v" by native speakers of German. For instance, following 6385: 4616: 4210: 3574: 43: 7154:
Identification of New Zealand English and Australian English based on stereotypical accent markers
2196:). Some locals, particularly in rural areas, may even condense the name further to two syllables: 1885:. The tendency of English speakers, usually from the US, to pronounce the first syllable with the 6884: 6584: 5450: 5207: 3040: 3015:: While the official pronunciation is the same as would be expected from a French-language name ( 1054: 1012: 543: 490: 188: 122: 75: 4557:). Houston Street is actually a corruption of the original name of Houstoun Street, named after 1285: 6432: 1004: 908: 245: 7620:"National Post Day-Oner Rob Roberts appointed new editor-in-chief: 'I'm a Postie to my bones'" 7608:
Professor of Linguistics, University of Toronto; (in .PDF format and current to January 2020).
7200: 6677: 911:
of the hysteria-induced killings was that some ethnic Japanese from outlying regions, such as
7587: 7569: 7227: 6301:, rhyming with "lion," while interstate or international visitors will often pronounce it as 5963: 4148: 3982: 2548: 1954: 1629: 1461: 1165: 1046: 709: 184: 6905:
Modern values, not tradition, kept Japanese public calm. China.org.cn. Retrieved 30 May 2023
1188:
and detained. All non-Christians, including non-combatant Muslims, would also fail the test.
467: 8261: 6836: 6389: 5860: 5826: 4846: 4558: 3284:, and many other cities and towns in Northern England and the Midlands are pronounced with 2581: 2065: 1305: 1297: 1062: 8: 7130: 6346: 6338: 4568: 3620: 3206:: Despite its derivation from the French word for 'butcher', Belfast locals pronounce it 3062: 1719: 678: 474: 8135:
Connelly, Dolly (1 March 1970). "Mush!...And Then Some: A Tour of the Great Northwest".
286:
and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by
8167: 7521: 7387: 7131:"Nu.nl-column: 'De trein rijdt van zijn naar zijn' | Genootschap Onze Taal | Onze Taal" 7019: 6655: 6647: 6612: 6604: 6261: 6164: 5500: 3277: 3094: 3051:
Various town and street names are pronounced in counter-intuitive ways. These include:
2982: 1181: 1089: 1077: 1069: 1050: 1024: 986: 958: 912: 779: 626: 622: 580:) in Sardinian: failure in pronouncing the word correctly would give their origin away. 392:. The Ephraimite dialect resulted in a pronunciation that, to Gileadites, sounded like 8002: 6404:
Counties of Maryland). This frequently leads to outsiders confusing it with the local
1957:: Some outsiders pronounce the island name almost as if it were three separate words, 8171: 7509: 7499: 7364: 7354: 7329: 7233: 7206: 7180: 7027: 6984: 6745: 6721: 6683: 6659: 6616: 5635: 5552: 3793:), whereas many non-locals pronounce the first syllable like the male name "Al" (cf. 2897: 2507: 1138: 1114: 849:
pronunciation: ), meaning "lentil, wheel, grinds , mill": In 1312, the Polish Prince
713: 561: 400:, the anecdote appears thus (with the word already in its current English spelling): 6928:"Скажи паляниця: чому саме це слово вибрали для ідентифікації російських військових" 865:, German and Czech citizens. Anyone over the age of 7 who could not pronounce these 275:
Below are listed various examples of words and phrases that have been identified as
8159: 7884: 7707: 7158: 7047: 6807:"III Congreso Internacional de la Lengua Española. Paneles y ponencias. Raúl Ávila" 6639: 6596: 6362: 6304: 6278: 6272: 6218: 6170: 6123: 6088: 6068: 6059: 6055: 6015: 5971: 5926: 5868: 5834: 5785: 5748: 5720: 5680: 5643: 5597: 5560: 5510: 5468: 5456: 5446: 5407: 5366: 5325: 5258: 5215: 5173: 5136: 5086: 5048: 5000: 4960: 4903: 4854: 4811: 4759: 4718: 4712: 4665: 4624: 4596: 4576: 4514: 4473: 4430: 4393: 4349: 4317: 4260: 4216: 4184: 4164: 4154: 4089: 3990: 3948: 3914: 3846: 3808: 3750: 3742: 3695: 3681: 3640: 3626: 3580: 3533: 3483: 3424: 3394: 3380: 3331: 3301: 3287: 3243: 3209: 3162: 3128: 2943: 2907: 2856: 2827: 2794: 2751: 2709: 2661: 2624: 2601: 2554: 2513: 2481: 2418: 2412: 2401: 2365: 2330: 2298: 2239: 2199: 2146: 2075: 2013: 1960: 1892: 1836: 1782: 1742: 1681: 1641: 1599: 1567: 1510: 1467: 1424: 1372: 1324: 1169: 1145: 1008: 966: 900: 798:("parsley"). The pronunciation of the word by Haitian citizens tended to be with a 791: 765: 760: 752: 735: 729: 701: 539: 397: 381: 353: 7600: 7835:"Neighborhood tour may shed light on Druid Hill Park's 'under-appreciated jewel'" 7311: 7291: 7275: 6715: 6552: 5853: 5040: 4204: 3523: 3044: 1947: 1551: 1387: 1376: 1336: 1085: 1081: 1058: 1020: 866: 828:
pulled from their homes and vehicles by asking them the Azeri word for hazelnut,
783: 664: 532: 303: 5212:, Louisiana: Locals will recognize the city and parish name as being pronounced 2584:
on the second syllable, although placing the stress on the first syllable (like
8113: 8052:"Natchitoches native makes Company's 'Steel Magnolias' bloom with authenticity" 7821:
Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language Unabridged
6499: 6350: 5130: 4181:, rhyming with "pooch," unlike the identically spelled sofa synonym pronounced 2595: 2591: 2475: 1379:
for distinguishing American males who fled to Canada from the US to escape the
1268: 1239: 1221: 974: 904: 817: 799: 682: 369: 8163: 7638:"Postmedia names Rob Roberts editor-in-chief of National Post - BNN Bloomberg" 7152: 7102: 6512: 1043:. American soldiers used such words as a shibboleth to distinguish Nazi spies. 462: 448: 8250: 7557: 7513: 7368: 6560: 6436: 5717:
by visitors (but not British visitors, who are likely to render the names as
5544: 4952: 4467: 3026: 2988: 1391: 1360: 1111: 1100: 604:
Bûter, brea, en griene tsiis; wa't dat net sizze kin, is gjin oprjochte Fries
597:
Bûter, brea, en griene tsiis; wa't dat net sizze kin, is gjin oprjochte Fries
358: 7581: 7229:
The Space Between Us: Negotiating Gender and National Identities in Conflict
6630:
Hendel, Ronald S. (February 1996). "Sibilants and šibbōlet (Judges. 12:6)".
3125:: Another French derived place name in Belfast. Belfast locals pronounce it 7889: 7872: 7857: 7561: 4382: 4257:
while those unfamiliar with the area may pronounce the name of the town as
3906: 3678:), whereas in the southeast of England it has an initial stress and a long 2116: 2069: 1380: 1251: 1104: 916: 821: 803: 385: 349: 326: 7493: 6369:
by its older nickname, "National," out of habit or political pique, while
7976: 6867: 5968:, Massachusetts: The city's name is commonly pronounced by non-locals as 5820: 4707: 4346:
with the stress on the first syllable, while non-locals pronounce it as (
3159:, as in "beaver", instead of the French-influenced pronunciation such as 2697: 1596:, non-Australians, particularly from the UK or USA often pronounce it as 1364: 1301: 1284:
is sometimes evoked to illustrate a major difference between the two. In
1277: 1208: 945: 756: 7904:"New York Bookshelf; An Oddly Named Street, A Dark Night, a Gamy Club". 7656:"Vancouver or Vang-couver? Is there an Okanagan accent? | Globalnews.ca" 6675: 3240:, as in "voucher", instead of a French-influenced pronunciation such as 790:
settlers along the Dominican–Haitian border. The action is known as the
7582:"J.K. (Jack) Chambers, Professor of Linguistics, University of Toronto" 6651: 6608: 6547: 5504: 4387: 3801: 3281: 2901: 1328: 978: 846: 571: 489:
bells of the city's churches and monasteries, this became known as the
276: 8028: 997: 7565: 4593:, as in the exterior of a ship, but locals will invariably render it 3900: 3477: 2408: 1561: 1383:
in the 1950s and 60s. The Canadian pronunciation was featured in the
1344: 1273: 862: 825: 646: 7435:(Toronto, University of Toronto Press:1982), "Newfoundland", p. 344. 7353:(3rd ed.). Harlow, England: Pearson Education Limited/Longman. 7103:
Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism (27 September 2013).
6643: 6600: 5045:, Oklahoma: Locals from northeastern Oklahoma pronounce the name as 1027:(1944) US forces used the challenge-response "Flash" – "Thunder" – " 858: 384:(around 1370–1070 BC), the surviving Ephraimites tried to cross the 195:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. 64: 7052: 6826:; Oxford University Press, 1905; ed. C. L. Kingsford; pp. XXXVI, 15 6417: 6413: 6409: 6341:, locals generally use the article "the" preceding the number of a 5548: 5462: 4298: 2997:: Older residents will often end and begin the regions name with a 2821: 2788: 2703: 2655: 1829:: Anglophone Montrealers pronounce the name of their city with the 1822: 1332: 1312: 1141: 970: 740: 652: 619: 524: 443: 377: 255: 7162: 7953: 7925: 6342: 6159: 4662:), while non-residents pronounce it like the weather phenomenon, 4508: 4306: 3203: 3122: 3104: 2292: 2288: 2119:: Most Canadians will pronounce the name of this province with a 1736: 1732: 1340: 1150: 1130: 1073: 733:(or made count to ten in Finnish). If the prisoner pronounced it 717: 6766:
Sa dì de s´acciappa – Dramma storico in due tempi e sette quadri
6676:
Richard Hess; Daniel I. Block; Dale W. Manor (12 January 2016).
6534: 6428:, and Delaware), both of which can also be abbreviated to "DMV". 4507:), while most visitors will employ the same pronunciation as in 4470:: Locals pronounce the first syllable identically with "house" ( 2123:
in all syllables except the second, where the stress is placed:
1941:), immediately marks them as Americans to local ears. (However, 1347:, also among native speakers, especially those of Irish descent. 1343:, usually among non-native English speakers, but in the case of 7462:"You heard what? Because Jon Ryan went to University of Regina" 7348: 6473:
The context was the crossing of the River Jordan; according to
5318: 5125: 3527: 3066: 2585: 2469: 2263: 1826: 1384: 874: 655:
rebels to tell locals from Spaniards. Whoever pronounced it as
535: 528: 486: 434: 430: 373: 342: 7498:. Riess, Kelly. Lunenburg, N.S.: MacIntyre Purcell Pub. 2007. 5840: 5522: 5182: 4915: 4532: 4491: 4367: 4335: 4326: 4055: 3957: 3923: 3765: 3716: 3661: 3551: 3442: 3349: 3224: 3143: 3137: 2766: 2724: 2613: 2528: 2496: 2442: 2028: 1800: 1763: 1702: 1662: 1585: 1525: 1482: 1439: 1219:
phoneme. The standard Dutch pronunciation of that sentence is
352:, in which pronunciation of this word was used to distinguish 7198: 6455:
List of names in English with counterintuitive pronunciations
6316: 6227: 6144: 5519: 5477: 5381: 5322:: Nevadans (and other people who live in the Western US) say 4912: 4863: 4832: 4765: 4724: 4602: 4482: 4234: 4193: 4190: 4173: 4170: 4101: 3870: 3832: 3756: 3710: 3704: 3684: 3646: 3623:: The name is pronounced with penultimate stress and a short 3589: 3492: 3249: 3221: 3218: 2998: 2994: 2839: 2685: 2436: 2260: 2211: 2167: 2120: 2022: 1975: 1966: 1919: 1863: 1690: 1656: 1650: 1519: 1134: 832:, which Armenians typically pronounce with a instead of an . 787: 338: 330: 322: 307: 8204:"Why Southern Californians Say "The" Before Freeway Numbers" 5897: 5757: 5729: 5606: 5569: 5480: 5083:, while others pronounce the name like the city in Florida, 4817: 4674: 4633: 4523: 4436: 4402: 3183: 2560: 1617: 977:
pronounced this word as "polyanitsa" and said that it means
7466: 7405: 6310: 6284: 6268: 6233: 6185: 6138: 6103: 6036: 5992: 5944: 5903: 5886: 5800: 5763: 5735: 5695: 5612: 5499:
though many outsiders will conflate the pronunciation with
5428: 5422: 5387: 5346: 5285: 5230: 5145: 5104: 5092: 5066: 5054: 5018: 4782: 4776: 4768: 4742: 4736: 4727: 4683: 4281: 4240: 4222: 4127: 4107: 4043: 4028: 4008: 4002: 3963: 3929: 3882: 3873: 3867: 3858: 3843:, with short vowels, but non-locals rather pronounce it as 3835: 3820: 3768: 3448: 3355: 3258: 3168: 2964: 2952: 2928: 2916: 2880: 2874: 2845: 2809: 2769: 2745: 2727: 2718: 2670: 2636: 2630: 2607: 2569: 2519: 2487: 2427: 2386: 2354: 2336: 2319: 2217: 2176: 2170: 2152: 2096: 2090: 1987: 1913: 1857: 1803: 1608: 1576: 1531: 1488: 1442: 1229:
can be voiced in Amsterdam, but then so can any prevocalic
1061:, and which native speakers of Arabic often replace with a 1019:(th-sounds) were prominent, as these are unusual in spoken 633: 8150:
Geyer, G. (2001). ""The" Freeway in Southern California".
7749:
dublin.ie/live/stories/dublin-treasures-the-iveagh-gardens
6782:(in Western Frisian). Gemeente Wûnseradiel. Archived from 6587:(February 1942). "The Shibboleth Incident (Judges 12:6)". 6373:
and visitors are more likely to call it “Reagan National”.
6176: 6167:: Locals pronounce it with the stress on the penultimate: 6109: 5935: 5658: 5575: 5516: 5474: 5288: 5273: 5255:
while people unfamiliar with the name may pronounce it as
5239: 5185: 5151: 4275: 3879: 3747:, New York: Locals pronounce the first syllable as "all" ( 3701: 3643: 3340: 3310: 3290: 3255: 2949: 2868: 2667: 2493: 2377: 2345: 2310: 2266: 2087: 2019: 1963: 1901: 1687: 1647: 769:. For Russian speakers, the leading 'h' is also difficult. 415: 7733:"19 Irish Place Names That Tourists Will Absolutely Love" 7174: 6290: 6239: 6191: 6132: 6097: 6027: 5983: 5894: 5877: 5819:, following the British pronunciation of the counties in 5794: 5689: 5652: 5413: 5372: 5340: 5331: 5291: 5276: 5267: 5236: 5224: 5148: 5098: 5060: 5009: 4978: 4969: 4921: 4872: 4866: 4823: 4733: 4677: 4642: 4636: 4582: 4408: 4355: 4269: 4231: 4118: 4098: 4019: 3852: 3829: 3814: 3655: 3629: 3598: 3554: 3545: 3542: 3501: 3433: 3403: 3383: 2961: 2925: 2913: 2803: 2760: 2472:
has several places with counterintuitive pronunciations:
2424: 2257: 2248: 2208: 2164: 2081: 2037: 1845: 1797: 1791: 1757: 1751: 1696: 1476: 1430: 969:
according to apostrophe.ua. On Russian state television,
705: 334: 7811:(Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press), pp. 1006–07. 7280:. International Business Machines Corp. 1958. p. 9. 5923:
whereas others tend to pronounce the first component as
1252:
English shibboleths for native speakers or local natives
1184:, were immediately suspected of being part of the armed 7026:. Barnsley, UK: Pen & Sword Military. p. 357. 7444: 7307:
Blame Canada and Molson for brilliant 'Rant' at States
6739: 2706:: Locals, especially longtime residents, pronounce it 1176:. Those who could not recite the Lord's Prayer in any 1084:
word for "tomato", which is pronounced "banadoura" in
881:, and has evolved now into a sound similar to English 337:; or less commonly (but arguably more appropriately) " 7949:"Ask 2: Why is Kuykendahl pronounced 'kEr ken-dAHl?'" 7921:"West Virginia place names you might be saying wrong" 7568:, and Jack Chambers, Professor of Linguistics at the 6632:
Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research
6589:
Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research
6319: 6307: 6293: 6281: 6251: 6203: 6147: 6112: 6045: 6033: 6030: 6024: 6021: 6001: 5989: 5986: 5980: 5977: 5953: 5938: 5929: 5912: 5880: 5871: 5812: 5803: 5797: 5791: 5775: 5766: 5760: 5754: 5738: 5732: 5726: 5710: 5701: 5692: 5686: 5670: 5661: 5655: 5649: 5627: 5618: 5609: 5603: 5587: 5578: 5572: 5566: 5534: 5525: 5492: 5483: 5437: 5410: 5396: 5369: 5355: 5328: 5303: 5294: 5264: 5261: 5248: 5227: 5221: 5197: 5188: 5163: 5154: 5113: 5075: 5030: 5012: 4990: 4972: 4942: 4893: 4826: 4820: 4814: 4801: 4785: 4745: 4696: 4686: 4680: 4655: 4645: 4639: 4550: 4526: 4500: 4485: 4451: 4439: 4433: 4420: 4405: 4399: 4290: 4272: 4249: 4228: 4187: 4167: 4136: 4121: 4104: 4092: 4067: 4058: 4040: 4034: 4022: 4005: 3999: 3993: 3972: 3960: 3938: 3926: 3849: 3811: 3786: 3725: 3713: 3707: 3670: 3658: 3652: 3610: 3601: 3566: 3557: 3513: 3504: 3463: 3451: 3436: 3430: 3415: 3370: 3358: 3343: 3337: 3322: 3267: 3233: 3192: 3180: 3152: 2955: 2919: 2778: 2763: 2737: 2721: 2688: 2676: 2645: 2566: 2538: 2490: 2451: 2433: 2380: 2348: 2313: 2278: 2269: 2254: 2251: 2245: 2229: 2220: 2214: 2205: 2202: 2179: 2173: 2161: 2158: 2149: 2135: 2125: 2105: 2093: 2052: 2040: 2025: 2016: 2002: 1990: 1978: 1972: 1931: 1904: 1895: 1875: 1848: 1839: 1812: 1788: 1772: 1748: 1711: 1699: 1693: 1671: 1659: 1653: 1620: 1588: 1543: 1534: 1522: 1516: 1500: 1491: 1479: 1473: 1451: 1351: 1319: 903:, there were rumors that the local Korean population 313: 7823:(Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1993), p. 102. 7111:. The Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism 6804: 6242: 6236: 6230: 6224: 6194: 6188: 6182: 6173: 6135: 6129: 6100: 6094: 5941: 5932: 5900: 5883: 5874: 5848:
rhyming with "beer," not like the French given name
5837: 5698: 5615: 5425: 5419: 5384: 5378: 5343: 5337: 5282: 5270: 5233: 5021: 5015: 4981: 4975: 4924: 4918: 4909: 4875: 4869: 4860: 4835: 4829: 4788: 4779: 4762: 4748: 4739: 4721: 4605: 4585: 4529: 4488: 4442: 4411: 4370: 4364: 4361: 4352: 4338: 4332: 4329: 4323: 4278: 4266: 4237: 4219: 4124: 4115: 4095: 4052: 4037: 4025: 4016: 3996: 3954: 3920: 3864: 3855: 3826: 3817: 3762: 3759: 3595: 3592: 3548: 3498: 3495: 3454: 3445: 3439: 3406: 3361: 3352: 3346: 3313: 3246: 3215: 3177: 3171: 3165: 3140: 3134: 2958: 2922: 2877: 2865: 2862: 2842: 2836: 2833: 2806: 2800: 2757: 2715: 2682: 2673: 2633: 2610: 2572: 2557: 2525: 2516: 2439: 2421: 2383: 2374: 2371: 2351: 2342: 2333: 2316: 2307: 2304: 2078: 2043: 2034: 1993: 1984: 1981: 1922: 1910: 1907: 1866: 1854: 1851: 1794: 1760: 1754: 1614: 1611: 1582: 1579: 1436: 1433: 773: 254:. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see 7794:Jones, Daniel, eds. P.Roach, J.Setter and J.Esling 7105:"Peace groups warn of empty victory in Zambo siege" 6313: 6287: 6221: 6179: 6141: 6126: 6106: 6091: 6018: 5974: 5891: 5788: 5751: 5723: 5683: 5646: 5600: 5563: 5513: 5471: 5416: 5375: 5334: 5279: 5218: 5179: 5176: 5142: 5139: 5101: 5095: 5089: 5063: 5057: 5051: 5006: 5003: 4966: 4963: 4906: 4857: 4773: 4730: 4671: 4668: 4630: 4627: 4599: 4579: 4520: 4517: 4479: 4476: 4396: 4358: 4320: 4263: 4225: 4112: 4049: 4013: 3951: 3917: 3861: 3823: 3753: 3698: 3649: 3586: 3583: 3539: 3536: 3489: 3486: 3427: 3400: 3397: 3334: 3307: 3304: 3252: 3212: 3174: 3131: 2946: 2910: 2871: 2859: 2853:by locals whereas outsiders typically pronounce it 2830: 2797: 2754: 2712: 2664: 2627: 2604: 2563: 2522: 2484: 2430: 2368: 2339: 2301: 2242: 2155: 2084: 2031: 1969: 1916: 1898: 1860: 1842: 1785: 1745: 1739:: residents pronounce the name with two syllables, 1684: 1644: 1605: 1602: 1573: 1570: 1528: 1513: 1485: 1470: 1427: 1296:has the front vowel (which is more common in most 998:
Culture, religion and language-specific shibboleths
89:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 8071:"Natchi — What's It Now? A Local Sets Us Straight" 7870: 7682:"Seven Dublin place names people ALWAYS get wrong" 7601:"Curriculum Vitae for J.K. (Jack) Chambers, Ph.D." 7328:. Melbourne: The Macquarie Library Pty Ltd. 2005. 7854:"Idaho Pronunciation Guide – Say it like a local" 7296:. Science Digest, Incorporated. 1958. p. 44. 6450:Language analysis for the determination of origin 5363:. Visitors from outside the Western US often say 3391:in Scotland, Southern England and most of Wales ( 1080:at checkpoints by asking how they pronounced the 8248: 8186:"Roadshow: The Debate on Highway Names Roars On" 7798:, 18th Edition, 2011, Cambridge University Press 7225: 4851:, Kentucky: The name is pronounced by locals as 3911:, Idaho: The city's name is commonly pronounced 1233:through the process of hypercorrection (so that 1192: 268:IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters 7408:"Why do Saskatchewan people say Calgary wrong?" 7078:"Explosions inside mall as stand-off nears end" 6671: 6669: 6396:Counties of Virginia; the city itself; and the 6211:. Some non-locals analyze it by extension from 3480:: In both cases, locals pronounce Magdalene as 3033:, older locals will often use the non-standard 1550:by those Australians who have a more extensive 927: 575: 565: 4310:: Most residents (as well as most speakers of 1243:in Standard Dutch may be pronounced (spelled 921: 380:inflicted a military defeat upon the invading 348:The modern use derives from an account in the 321:), which means the part of a plant containing 7252: 4573:, Massachusetts, would seem to be pronounced 1225:. Contrary to the stereotype, any prevocalic 806:, and without the 'l' at the end of the word. 746: 722: 695: 644: 538:soldiers in the late 13th century during the 7406:Good Question, Saskatchewan (9 April 2024). 7205:. Presses Univ. Franche-Comté. p. 186. 7070: 7040: 6666: 1564:, Victoria: Generally pronounced locally as 1401: 1011:, frequently made use of passwords in which 981:, confusing it with another Ukrainian word, 7871:Greiner, Tony; Bridgewater, Rachel (2014). 7700:"Pronunciations - James Joyce Online Notes" 7150: 7018: 7006:Teach Yourself - The Middle East Since 1945 6638:(301). University of Chicago Press: 69–75. 4621:, West Virginia: Residents pronounce it as 3945:. However, locals actually pronounce it as 2679: 542:, the uprising which freed the island from 52:Learn how and when to remove these messages 8096:"Nevada County - Encyclopedia of Arkansas" 6740:McNamara, Timothy; Carsten Roever (2006). 6595:(85). University of Chicago Press: 10–13. 6120:, while nonresidents often mistakenly say 3805:: Residents of the region pronounce it as 3069:in England, the town's name is pronounced 514: 7888: 7084:. Agence France-Presse. 25 September 2013 6878: 6067:. Locals, however, pronounce the name as 4997:, though outsiders will mispronounce as 4378:, with the stress on the second syllable. 3055:Antigua Street, Christchurch: pronounced 2594:and other places in Dublin named for the 1408:List of irregularly spelled English names 1262:Regional vocabularies of American English 229:Learn how and when to remove this message 211:Learn how and when to remove this message 149:Learn how and when to remove this message 8134: 7977:"Facts for Kids: Miami Indians (Miamis)" 7796:Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary 7760:"DEBATE: How Do YOU Pronounce Ranelagh?" 7617: 7349:Wells, J. C. (John Christopher) (2008). 7264:. Australian National Dictionary Centre. 7199:Philippe Laplace; Eric Tabuteau (2003). 6881:"Soczewica, Koło, Miele Młyn z Albertem" 6713: 6420:(referring to the combined areas of the 4613:homophonous to "hall", as in a corridor. 3115: 3019:), locals often voice the name's end as 949:: a type of Ukrainian bread. During the 634:Castilian Spanish–Latin-American Spanish 588: 7999:"Indian History at Hicksville-Ohio.com" 7864: 7727: 7725: 7549:Where is this Trawna thing coming from? 6978: 6583: 6474: 6275:locals typically pronounce the park as 5960:, more in line with its Spanish origin. 4900:. However, non-locals will usually use 3736: 739:, mistaking the front vowel 'y' for an 712:to separate Russians from Finns in the 659:(as in European Spanish) as opposed to 473:whereas French would render those as a 416:Shibboleths used in war and persecution 372:, chapter 12, after the inhabitants of 8249: 8049: 7832: 7778:"Casino shuffles the pack with revamp" 6742:Language testing: the social dimension 6629: 6559:(this latter meaning is not in use in 5594:, while most visitors pronounce it as 5170:, while most visitors pronounce it as 4756:, while non-residents pronounce it as 4565:, who pronounced his name in this way. 4427:, while most visitors pronounce it as 1123:2013 shooting and hostage siege attack 871:velarized alveolar lateral approximant 297: 8149: 8068: 7877:College & Research Libraries News 7851: 7679: 6983:. New York: Touchstone. p. 191. 6717:The rough guide to Bruges & Ghent 5852: 4390:: Locals pronounce the first word as 2010:rather than the local pronunciation, 1946: 1238: 1220: 786:conducted a massacre of undocumented 764: 734: 728: 362:, which is now pronounced as (as in 7918: 7873:"Portland: An eclectic introduction" 7826: 7722: 7630: 7593: 7326:Macquarie Dictionary, Fourth Edition 6744:. John Wiley and Sons. p. 153. 6495: 6493: 5865:, Florida: Locals will pronounce it 3087:Jervois Street, Dunedin: pronounced 3080:Filleul Street, Dunedin: pronounced 938: 554: 258:. For the distinction between , 160: 87:adding citations to reliable sources 58: 17: 7957:. Houston, Texas. 17 September 2020 7807:Walls, David (2006). "Appalachia." 7611: 7574: 7534: 6837:"Heikki Ylikangas, Tie Tampereelle" 6331: 4312:African-American Vernacular English 3005:rather than the usual rounded "o" ( 2327:"Tronto". Stronger local forms are 1951:, at least in their native French.) 1833:vowel in the first syllable, thus: 1222:[dəˈzɔnɪndəˈzeːzinˈzɑkə(n)] 1057:(p-sounds), which are not found in 759:", used by the Finnish Army in the 641:Latin American wars of independence 13: 8069:Block, Melissa (23 January 2014). 7644:. The Canadian Press. 8 July 2019. 7433:Dictionary of Newfoundland English 7395:from the original on 18 July 2022. 7383:"How you say 'Calgary' says a lot" 7318: 7175:Laurie Bauer, Paul Warren (2008), 6769:, Piero Marcialis, 1996, Condaghes 6408:or "Delmarva", the portmanteau of 5831:: South Dakotans read the name as 4297:. Gwinnett County and the city of 2940:), whereas in English tends to be 889: 689: 14: 8278: 7833:Kelley, Jacques (29 April 1992). 7547:How do you pronounce 'Toronto' — 7470:. 2 February 2015. Archived from 6490: 4957:, Texas: Pronounced by locals as 4086:) the town in Colorado is called 2976: 1053:used passwords chosen to contain 899:, which occurred in an area with 810: 774:Spanish–French and Haitian Creole 33:This article has multiple issues. 7908:. 8 February 2004. p. CY12. 7618:Campbell, Meagan (9 July 2019). 7556:Compiled by Rob Roberts of the ‘ 7351:Longman pronunciation dictionary 7003: 6879:Węgłowski, Adam (21 June 2012). 6303: 6277: 6217: 6169: 6122: 6087: 6014: 5970: 5925: 5867: 5833: 5784: 5747: 5719: 5679: 5642: 5596: 5559: 5509: 5467: 5406: 5365: 5324: 5257: 5214: 5172: 5135: 5085: 5047: 4999: 4959: 4902: 4853: 4810: 4758: 4717: 4664: 4623: 4595: 4575: 4513: 4472: 4429: 4392: 4348: 4316: 4259: 4215: 4183: 4163: 4088: 3989: 3947: 3913: 3845: 3807: 3749: 3694: 3680: 3639: 3625: 3579: 3532: 3482: 3423: 3393: 3379: 3330: 3300: 3286: 3242: 3208: 3161: 3127: 2942: 2906: 2855: 2826: 2793: 2750: 2708: 2660: 2623: 2600: 2553: 2512: 2480: 2417: 2364: 2329: 2297: 2238: 2198: 2145: 2074: 2012: 1959: 1891: 1835: 1781: 1741: 1680: 1640: 1598: 1566: 1509: 1466: 1423: 1311:Pronunciation of letters of the 1280:seem very similar, and the term 1007:personnel in Europe, during the 951:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine 836: 671: 663:would have been thrown into the 584: 429:: On 18 May 1302, the people of 165: 63: 22: 8214: 8196: 8178: 8143: 8137:Los Angeles Times West Magazine 8128: 8106: 8088: 8062: 8050:Dorman, Jim (4 February 2020). 8043: 8017: 7991: 7969: 7941: 7912: 7897: 7852:Green, Julia (25 August 2010). 7845: 7814: 7801: 7788: 7770: 7752: 7743: 7692: 7673: 7648: 7486: 7454: 7438: 7425: 7399: 7375: 7342: 7300: 7284: 7268: 7246: 7219: 7192: 7168: 7144: 7123: 7096: 7012: 7008:. Hodder Education. p. 98. 6997: 6972: 6946: 6920: 6909: 6898: 6872: 6861: 6843: 6829: 6817: 6798: 6772: 6758: 6733: 6720:, Rough Guides, pp. 22–3, 6384:, specifically referencing the 5551:: Locals pronounce the name of 2748:(tram) announcer, pronounce it 2744:), while others, including the 1556:Variation in Australian English 1412: 897:the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake 420: 250:International Phonetic Alphabet 74:needs additional citations for 41:or discuss these issues on the 7809:The Encyclopedia of Appalachia 7680:Walsh, Kayla (29 March 2017). 7431:Story, George Morley, et al., 7177:New Zealand English: phonology 6707: 6696: 6623: 6577: 6566: 6527: 6467: 4209:, Georgia: Residents local to 3530:: The street is pronounced as 2891: 1371:in the Commonwealth. Known in 1247:in eye dialect) in Amsterdam). 1186:Moro National Liberation Front 1039:rather than the American term 546:rule. Both the Italian soft c 1: 7048:"Nairobi siege: What we know" 6780:"Greate Pier fan Wûnseradiel" 6484: 5640:, Virginia, is pronounced as 4151:, is pronounced the same way. 3899:is a neighborhood and street 2463: 1193:Other non-English shibboleths 564:, on 28 April 1794, known as 302:The term originates from the 7919:Kirk, Sam (4 January 2022). 7445:Merriam-Webster Audio File, 6979:Ambrose, Stephen E. (1994). 6540:American Heritage Dictionary 6406:Department of Motor Vehicles 6085:. Residents pronounce it as 4715:: Residents pronounce it as 2062:, rhyming with "understand". 1779:, while others pronounce it 1726: 1205:De zon in de zee zien zakken 1076:soldiers targeted suspected 843:Soczewica, koło, miele, młyn 802:, unlike the native Spanish 460:". Flemings would pronounce 308: 7: 8058:. Worcester, Massachusetts. 7929:. Clarksburg, West Virginia 6500:Wahrig Deutsches Wörterbuch 6443: 3029:: Officially pronounced as 1300:) which, due to an overall 1258:Regional accents of English 1213:De son in de see sien sakke 1017:voiceless dental fricatives 928: 527:): This was used by native 191:the claims made and adding 10: 8283: 8100:encyclopediaofarkansas.net 6960:(in Ukrainian). March 2022 6805:Centro Virtual Cervantes. 6682:. Zondervan. p. 352. 1636:Newcastle, New South Wales 1405: 1255: 1137:, the attackers asked for 1097:Battle of Mount Tumbledown 396:. In Judges 12:5–6 in the 314: 281: 8190:The San Jose Mercury News 8164:10.1215/00031283-76-2-221 7232:. Zed Books. p. 51. 7226:Cynthia Cockburn (1998). 6426:Eastern Shore of Virginia 6422:Eastern Shore of Maryland 5465:: The town is pronounced 5133:: Locals pronounce it as 3795:Albany, Western Australia 2598:are generally pronounced 2588:) is increasingly common. 1945:Montrealers pronounce it 1419:Albany, Western Australia 1402:Place-name pronunciations 1286:New Zealand pronunciation 990: 962: 922: 442:(shield and friend). The 315: 7255:"AB(H)OMINABLE (H)AITCH" 6679:Joshua, Judges, and Ruth 6460: 1294:Australian pronunciation 1197: 1055:voiceless bilabial stops 1013:labio-velar approximants 901:a high Korean population 855:Rebellion of wójt Albert 851:Ladislaus the Elbow-high 824:rioters targeted ethnic 7560:’, with citations from 6367:Reagan National Airport 5451:Nevada County, Arkansas 3065:: Although named after 2504:to rhyme with "danger." 716:during the invasion of 515:Italian/Sicilian–French 246:phonetic transcriptions 8267:Sociolinguistics lists 8257:Authentication methods 7890:10.5860/crln.75.8.9173 7782:blackpoolgazette.co.uk 7526:: CS1 maint: others ( 7082:The New Zealand Herald 6811:congresosdelalengua.es 6433:San Francisco Bay Area 6327:, rhyming with "lawn." 4213:pronounce the city as 3573:while the name of the 3476:and Magdalene Bridge, 1395:advertisement in 2000. 1327:pronounced 'aitch' by 1162:Filipino ground troops 1127:Westgate shopping mall 909:unforeseen consequence 861:, populated mostly by 766:[ˈhøy̯ryˌjyræ] 747: 723: 696: 645: 599: 576: 566: 461: 447: 413: 243:This article contains 8139:. Los Angeles: 20–30. 8075:All Things Considered 7590:. General Linguistics 7588:University of Alberta 7570:University of Toronto 6509:Meyers Lexikon online 5850:French pronunciation: 4149:Buena Vista, Virginia 3116:In the United Kingdom 1630:Melbourne, Derbyshire 1462:Castlemaine, Victoria 1172:as a way to identify 1166:Zamboanga City crisis 1164:fighting in the 2013 595: 402: 376:under the command of 98:"List of shibboleths" 7391:. 20 February 2015. 7151:Ilka Ludwig (2007), 6824:Chronicles of London 6502:, Sixth Edition and 4559:Continental Congress 3737:In the United States 2824:: mostly pronounced 2696:, like the Biblical 1298:varieties of English 1237:'sugar', pronounced 1063:voiced bilabial stop 452:with a separate "s" 288:adding missing items 83:improve this article 8210:. 21 November 2015. 7253:Frederick Ludowyk. 7020:Middlebrook, Martin 6851:"Untitled Document" 6786:on 3 September 2012 6378:District, Maryland, 6347:Northern California 6339:Southern California 3621:Newcastle Upon Tyne 2394:"Tronta", with the 1178:Philippine language 1072:of 1975, Christian 567:sa dii de s'aciappa 298:Original shibboleth 8192:. 23 October 2015. 8114:"Quincy, MA - 404" 8056:The Patriot Ledger 8005:on 23 January 2018 7906:The New York Times 7388:The Globe and Mail 6012:will pronounce it 4314:) pronounce it as 3278:Kingston upon Hull 2586:the English county 1678:by the locals and 1507:by the locals and 1331:, and 'haitch' by 1090:Palestinian Arabic 1088:and "bandoura" in 1070:Lebanese Civil War 1051:1948 Palestine war 905:poisoned the wells 623:Pier Gerlofs Donia 600: 176:possibly contains 7505:978-0-9738063-9-7 7360:978-1-4058-8118-0 7239:978-1-85649-618-6 7212:978-2-84867-018-8 7186:978-3-11-019637-5 7033:978-1-84884-636-4 7024:The Falklands War 6751:978-1-4051-5543-4 6714:Phil Lee (2002), 6689:978-0-310-52759-6 6555:Online Dictionary 6365:, often refer to 6357:Long-time and/or 5677:by locals and as 3474:Magdalene College 2898:Genting Highlands 1948:[mɔ̃ʁeal] 1272:: The accents of 1240:[ˈsœykər] 1231:⟨s⟩ 1227:⟨z⟩ 1115:Islamic terrorist 1003:English-speaking 939:Ukrainian–Russian 714:Finnish Civil War 627:Frisian rebellion 593: 562:Sardinian Vespers 555:Sardinian-Italian 239: 238: 231: 221: 220: 213: 178:original research 159: 158: 151: 133: 56: 8274: 8242: 8241: 8239: 8237: 8228:. Archived from 8218: 8212: 8211: 8200: 8194: 8193: 8182: 8176: 8175: 8147: 8141: 8140: 8132: 8126: 8125: 8123: 8121: 8110: 8104: 8103: 8092: 8086: 8085: 8083: 8081: 8066: 8060: 8059: 8047: 8041: 8040: 8038: 8036: 8027:. Archived from 8021: 8015: 8014: 8012: 8010: 8001:. Archived from 7995: 7989: 7988: 7986: 7984: 7973: 7967: 7966: 7964: 7962: 7945: 7939: 7938: 7936: 7934: 7916: 7910: 7909: 7901: 7895: 7894: 7892: 7868: 7862: 7861: 7849: 7843: 7842: 7830: 7824: 7818: 7812: 7805: 7799: 7792: 7786: 7785: 7774: 7768: 7767: 7756: 7750: 7747: 7741: 7740: 7729: 7720: 7719: 7717: 7715: 7710:on 4 August 2021 7706:. Archived from 7696: 7690: 7689: 7677: 7671: 7670: 7668: 7666: 7652: 7646: 7645: 7634: 7628: 7627: 7615: 7609: 7607: 7605: 7597: 7591: 7585: 7578: 7572: 7555: 7538: 7532: 7531: 7525: 7517: 7490: 7484: 7483: 7481: 7479: 7474:on 16 April 2016 7458: 7452: 7451: 7442: 7436: 7429: 7423: 7422: 7420: 7418: 7403: 7397: 7396: 7379: 7373: 7372: 7346: 7340: 7339: 7322: 7316: 7304: 7298: 7297: 7288: 7282: 7281: 7272: 7266: 7265: 7259: 7250: 7244: 7243: 7223: 7217: 7216: 7196: 7190: 7189: 7172: 7166: 7165: 7148: 7142: 7141: 7139: 7137: 7127: 7121: 7120: 7118: 7116: 7100: 7094: 7093: 7091: 7089: 7074: 7068: 7067: 7062: 7060: 7044: 7038: 7037: 7016: 7010: 7009: 7001: 6995: 6994: 6976: 6970: 6969: 6967: 6965: 6950: 6944: 6943: 6941: 6939: 6924: 6918: 6913: 6907: 6902: 6896: 6895: 6893: 6891: 6876: 6870: 6865: 6859: 6858: 6847: 6841: 6840: 6833: 6827: 6821: 6815: 6814: 6802: 6796: 6795: 6793: 6791: 6776: 6770: 6762: 6756: 6755: 6737: 6731: 6730: 6711: 6705: 6700: 6694: 6693: 6673: 6664: 6663: 6627: 6621: 6620: 6581: 6575: 6570: 6564: 6558: 6545: 6542:, Fourth Edition 6531: 6525: 6524: 6522: 6520: 6515:on 29 April 2009 6511:. Archived from 6497: 6478: 6471: 6363:Washington, D.C. 6332:Place-name terms 6326: 6325: 6322: 6321: 6318: 6315: 6312: 6309: 6300: 6299: 6296: 6295: 6292: 6289: 6286: 6283: 6254: 6249: 6248: 6245: 6244: 6241: 6238: 6235: 6232: 6229: 6226: 6223: 6207: 6201: 6200: 6197: 6196: 6193: 6190: 6187: 6184: 6181: 6178: 6175: 6154: 6153: 6150: 6149: 6146: 6143: 6140: 6137: 6134: 6131: 6128: 6119: 6118: 6115: 6114: 6111: 6108: 6105: 6102: 6099: 6096: 6093: 6056:Schuylkill River 6048: 6043: 6042: 6039: 6038: 6035: 6032: 6029: 6026: 6023: 6020: 6004: 5999: 5998: 5995: 5994: 5991: 5988: 5985: 5982: 5979: 5976: 5956: 5951: 5950: 5947: 5946: 5943: 5940: 5937: 5934: 5931: 5919: 5915: 5910: 5909: 5906: 5905: 5902: 5899: 5896: 5893: 5889: 5888: 5885: 5882: 5879: 5876: 5873: 5856: 5851: 5847: 5846: 5843: 5842: 5839: 5815: 5810: 5809: 5806: 5805: 5802: 5799: 5796: 5793: 5790: 5778: 5773: 5772: 5769: 5768: 5765: 5762: 5759: 5756: 5753: 5745: 5744: 5741: 5740: 5737: 5734: 5731: 5728: 5725: 5713: 5708: 5707: 5704: 5703: 5700: 5697: 5694: 5691: 5688: 5685: 5673: 5668: 5667: 5664: 5663: 5660: 5657: 5654: 5651: 5648: 5630: 5625: 5624: 5621: 5620: 5617: 5614: 5611: 5608: 5605: 5602: 5590: 5585: 5584: 5581: 5580: 5577: 5574: 5571: 5568: 5565: 5537: 5532: 5531: 5528: 5527: 5524: 5521: 5518: 5515: 5495: 5490: 5489: 5486: 5485: 5482: 5479: 5476: 5473: 5447:Nevada, Missouri 5441: 5435: 5434: 5431: 5430: 5427: 5424: 5421: 5418: 5415: 5412: 5400: 5394: 5393: 5390: 5389: 5386: 5383: 5380: 5377: 5374: 5371: 5359: 5353: 5352: 5349: 5348: 5345: 5342: 5339: 5336: 5333: 5330: 5310: 5306: 5301: 5300: 5297: 5296: 5293: 5290: 5287: 5284: 5281: 5278: 5275: 5272: 5269: 5266: 5263: 5251: 5246: 5245: 5242: 5241: 5238: 5235: 5232: 5229: 5226: 5223: 5220: 5200: 5195: 5194: 5191: 5190: 5187: 5184: 5181: 5178: 5166: 5161: 5160: 5157: 5156: 5153: 5150: 5147: 5144: 5141: 5117: 5111: 5110: 5107: 5106: 5103: 5100: 5097: 5094: 5091: 5079: 5073: 5072: 5069: 5068: 5065: 5062: 5059: 5056: 5053: 5033: 5028: 5027: 5024: 5023: 5020: 5017: 5014: 5011: 5008: 5005: 4993: 4988: 4987: 4984: 4983: 4980: 4977: 4974: 4971: 4968: 4965: 4945: 4940: 4939: 4938: 4937: 4930: 4927: 4926: 4923: 4920: 4917: 4914: 4911: 4908: 4896: 4891: 4890: 4889: 4888: 4881: 4878: 4877: 4874: 4871: 4868: 4865: 4862: 4859: 4842: 4841: 4838: 4837: 4834: 4831: 4828: 4825: 4822: 4819: 4816: 4804: 4795: 4794: 4791: 4790: 4787: 4784: 4781: 4778: 4775: 4771: 4770: 4767: 4764: 4755: 4754: 4751: 4750: 4747: 4744: 4741: 4738: 4735: 4732: 4729: 4726: 4723: 4699: 4693: 4692: 4689: 4688: 4685: 4682: 4679: 4676: 4673: 4670: 4658: 4652: 4651: 4648: 4647: 4644: 4641: 4638: 4635: 4632: 4629: 4612: 4611: 4608: 4607: 4604: 4601: 4592: 4591: 4588: 4587: 4584: 4581: 4563:William Houstoun 4553: 4548: 4547: 4546: 4545: 4538: 4535: 4534: 4531: 4528: 4525: 4522: 4519: 4503: 4498: 4497: 4494: 4493: 4490: 4487: 4484: 4481: 4478: 4454: 4449: 4448: 4445: 4444: 4441: 4438: 4435: 4423: 4418: 4417: 4414: 4413: 4410: 4407: 4404: 4401: 4398: 4377: 4376: 4373: 4372: 4369: 4366: 4363: 4360: 4357: 4354: 4345: 4344: 4341: 4340: 4337: 4334: 4331: 4328: 4325: 4322: 4293: 4288: 4287: 4284: 4283: 4280: 4277: 4274: 4271: 4268: 4265: 4253: 4247: 4246: 4243: 4242: 4239: 4236: 4233: 4230: 4227: 4224: 4221: 4200: 4199: 4196: 4195: 4192: 4189: 4180: 4179: 4176: 4175: 4172: 4169: 4155:Portland, Oregon 4143: 4139: 4134: 4133: 4130: 4129: 4126: 4123: 4120: 4117: 4114: 4110: 4109: 4106: 4103: 4100: 4097: 4094: 4082: 4078: 4074: 4070: 4065: 4064: 4061: 4060: 4057: 4054: 4051: 4046: 4045: 4042: 4039: 4036: 4031: 4030: 4027: 4024: 4021: 4018: 4015: 4011: 4010: 4007: 4004: 4001: 3998: 3995: 3975: 3970: 3969: 3966: 3965: 3962: 3959: 3956: 3953: 3941: 3936: 3935: 3932: 3931: 3928: 3925: 3922: 3919: 3889: 3888: 3885: 3884: 3881: 3876: 3875: 3872: 3869: 3866: 3863: 3860: 3857: 3854: 3851: 3842: 3841: 3838: 3837: 3834: 3831: 3828: 3825: 3822: 3819: 3816: 3813: 3789: 3784: 3783: 3782: 3781: 3774: 3771: 3770: 3767: 3764: 3761: 3758: 3755: 3728: 3723: 3722: 3719: 3718: 3715: 3712: 3709: 3706: 3703: 3700: 3691: 3690: 3687: 3686: 3674: 3668: 3667: 3664: 3663: 3660: 3657: 3654: 3651: 3648: 3645: 3636: 3635: 3632: 3631: 3613: 3608: 3607: 3604: 3603: 3600: 3597: 3594: 3591: 3588: 3585: 3569: 3564: 3563: 3560: 3559: 3556: 3553: 3550: 3547: 3544: 3541: 3538: 3516: 3511: 3510: 3507: 3506: 3503: 3500: 3497: 3494: 3491: 3488: 3466: 3461: 3460: 3457: 3456: 3453: 3450: 3447: 3444: 3441: 3438: 3435: 3432: 3429: 3418: 3413: 3412: 3409: 3408: 3405: 3402: 3399: 3390: 3389: 3386: 3385: 3373: 3368: 3367: 3364: 3363: 3360: 3357: 3354: 3351: 3348: 3345: 3342: 3339: 3336: 3325: 3320: 3319: 3316: 3315: 3312: 3309: 3306: 3297: 3296: 3293: 3292: 3271: 3265: 3264: 3261: 3260: 3257: 3254: 3251: 3248: 3236: 3231: 3230: 3227: 3226: 3223: 3220: 3217: 3214: 3196: 3190: 3189: 3186: 3185: 3182: 3179: 3176: 3173: 3170: 3167: 3155: 3150: 3149: 3146: 3145: 3142: 3139: 3136: 3133: 3110: 3100: 3090: 3083: 3076: 3072: 3058: 3057:/æn.'tɪ.giːu.ər/ 3036: 3032: 3022: 3018: 3008: 3004: 2971: 2970: 2967: 2966: 2963: 2960: 2957: 2954: 2951: 2948: 2939: 2935: 2934: 2931: 2930: 2927: 2924: 2921: 2918: 2915: 2912: 2904:pronounce it as 2887: 2886: 2883: 2882: 2879: 2876: 2873: 2870: 2867: 2864: 2861: 2852: 2851: 2848: 2847: 2844: 2841: 2838: 2835: 2832: 2816: 2815: 2812: 2811: 2808: 2805: 2802: 2799: 2781: 2776: 2775: 2772: 2771: 2768: 2765: 2762: 2759: 2756: 2740: 2734: 2733: 2730: 2729: 2726: 2723: 2720: 2717: 2714: 2695: 2694: 2691: 2690: 2687: 2684: 2681: 2678: 2675: 2672: 2669: 2666: 2648: 2643: 2642: 2639: 2638: 2635: 2632: 2629: 2620: 2619: 2616: 2615: 2612: 2609: 2606: 2579: 2578: 2575: 2574: 2571: 2568: 2565: 2562: 2559: 2542: 2535: 2534: 2531: 2530: 2527: 2524: 2521: 2518: 2503: 2502: 2499: 2498: 2495: 2492: 2489: 2486: 2455: 2449: 2448: 2445: 2444: 2441: 2438: 2435: 2432: 2429: 2426: 2423: 2413:British Columbia 2397: 2393: 2392: 2389: 2388: 2385: 2382: 2379: 2376: 2373: 2370: 2361: 2360: 2357: 2356: 2353: 2350: 2347: 2344: 2341: 2338: 2335: 2326: 2325: 2322: 2321: 2318: 2315: 2312: 2309: 2306: 2303: 2281: 2276: 2275: 2272: 2271: 2268: 2265: 2262: 2259: 2256: 2253: 2250: 2247: 2244: 2232: 2227: 2226: 2223: 2222: 2219: 2216: 2213: 2210: 2207: 2204: 2195: 2194: 2193: 2192: 2185: 2182: 2181: 2178: 2175: 2172: 2169: 2166: 2163: 2160: 2157: 2154: 2151: 2139: 2129: 2109: 2103: 2102: 2099: 2098: 2095: 2092: 2089: 2086: 2083: 2080: 2059: 2055: 2050: 2049: 2046: 2045: 2042: 2039: 2036: 2033: 2030: 2027: 2024: 2021: 2018: 2006: 2000: 1999: 1996: 1995: 1992: 1989: 1986: 1983: 1980: 1977: 1974: 1971: 1968: 1965: 1950: 1938: 1934: 1929: 1928: 1925: 1924: 1921: 1918: 1915: 1912: 1909: 1906: 1903: 1900: 1897: 1888: 1882: 1878: 1873: 1872: 1869: 1868: 1865: 1862: 1859: 1856: 1853: 1850: 1847: 1844: 1841: 1832: 1815: 1810: 1809: 1806: 1805: 1802: 1799: 1796: 1793: 1790: 1787: 1775: 1770: 1769: 1766: 1765: 1762: 1759: 1756: 1753: 1750: 1747: 1714: 1709: 1708: 1705: 1704: 1701: 1698: 1695: 1692: 1689: 1686: 1674: 1669: 1668: 1665: 1664: 1661: 1658: 1655: 1652: 1649: 1646: 1627: 1626: 1623: 1622: 1619: 1616: 1613: 1610: 1607: 1604: 1595: 1594: 1591: 1590: 1587: 1584: 1581: 1578: 1575: 1572: 1546: 1541: 1540: 1537: 1536: 1533: 1530: 1527: 1524: 1521: 1518: 1515: 1503: 1498: 1497: 1494: 1493: 1490: 1487: 1484: 1481: 1478: 1475: 1472: 1454: 1449: 1448: 1445: 1444: 1441: 1438: 1435: 1432: 1429: 1373:American history 1325:Northern Ireland 1306:Fill–feel merger 1242: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1218: 1148:'s name and the 1146:Aminah bint Wahb 1009:Second World War 992: 973:television host 967:Russian language 964: 933: 931: 925: 924: 792:Parsley Massacre 768: 761:Second World War 750: 738: 736:[ˈjuksi] 732: 726: 699: 679:Peasants' Revolt 662: 658: 650: 617: 616: 615: 613: 594: 579: 569: 549: 540:Sicilian Vespers 509: 459: 455: 440:schild en vriend 427:Schild en vriend 411: 398:King James Bible 382:tribe of Ephraim 320: 319: 317: 311: 292:reliable sources 265: 261: 234: 227: 216: 209: 205: 202: 196: 193:inline citations 169: 168: 161: 154: 147: 143: 140: 134: 132: 91: 67: 59: 48: 26: 25: 18: 8282: 8281: 8277: 8276: 8275: 8273: 8272: 8271: 8247: 8246: 8245: 8235: 8233: 8226:Washington Post 8220: 8219: 8215: 8202: 8201: 8197: 8184: 8183: 8179: 8152:American Speech 8148: 8144: 8133: 8129: 8119: 8117: 8112: 8111: 8107: 8094: 8093: 8089: 8079: 8077: 8067: 8063: 8048: 8044: 8034: 8032: 8023: 8022: 8018: 8008: 8006: 7997: 7996: 7992: 7982: 7980: 7975: 7974: 7970: 7960: 7958: 7947: 7946: 7942: 7932: 7930: 7917: 7913: 7903: 7902: 7898: 7869: 7865: 7850: 7846: 7831: 7827: 7819: 7815: 7806: 7802: 7793: 7789: 7776: 7775: 7771: 7764:LovinDublin.com 7758: 7757: 7753: 7748: 7744: 7731: 7730: 7723: 7713: 7711: 7698: 7697: 7693: 7678: 7674: 7664: 7662: 7654: 7653: 7649: 7636: 7635: 7631: 7616: 7612: 7603: 7599: 7598: 7594: 7580: 7579: 7575: 7540: 7539: 7535: 7519: 7518: 7506: 7492: 7491: 7487: 7477: 7475: 7460: 7459: 7455: 7443: 7439: 7430: 7426: 7416: 7414: 7404: 7400: 7381: 7380: 7376: 7361: 7347: 7343: 7336: 7324: 7323: 7319: 7312:Advertising Age 7305: 7301: 7290: 7289: 7285: 7274: 7273: 7269: 7257: 7251: 7247: 7240: 7224: 7220: 7213: 7197: 7193: 7187: 7173: 7169: 7149: 7145: 7135: 7133: 7129: 7128: 7124: 7114: 7112: 7101: 7097: 7087: 7085: 7076: 7075: 7071: 7058: 7056: 7046: 7045: 7041: 7034: 7017: 7013: 7002: 6998: 6991: 6977: 6973: 6963: 6961: 6952: 6951: 6947: 6937: 6935: 6926: 6925: 6921: 6914: 6910: 6903: 6899: 6889: 6887: 6877: 6873: 6866: 6862: 6849: 6848: 6844: 6835: 6834: 6830: 6822: 6818: 6803: 6799: 6789: 6787: 6778: 6777: 6773: 6763: 6759: 6752: 6738: 6734: 6728: 6712: 6708: 6701: 6697: 6690: 6674: 6667: 6644:10.2307/1357296 6628: 6624: 6601:10.2307/1355052 6582: 6578: 6571: 6567: 6553:Merriam-Webster 6546: 6533: 6532: 6528: 6518: 6516: 6503: 6498: 6491: 6487: 6482: 6481: 6472: 6468: 6463: 6446: 6402:Prince George's 6334: 6306: 6302: 6280: 6276: 6271:, particularly 6252: 6220: 6216: 6205: 6172: 6168: 6125: 6121: 6090: 6086: 6046: 6017: 6013: 6002: 5973: 5969: 5954: 5928: 5924: 5917: 5913: 5890: 5870: 5866: 5849: 5836: 5832: 5813: 5787: 5783: 5776: 5750: 5746: 5722: 5718: 5711: 5682: 5678: 5671: 5645: 5641: 5628: 5599: 5595: 5588: 5562: 5558: 5557:, Virginia, as 5535: 5512: 5508: 5493: 5470: 5466: 5439: 5409: 5405: 5398: 5368: 5364: 5357: 5327: 5323: 5308: 5304: 5260: 5256: 5249: 5217: 5213: 5198: 5175: 5171: 5164: 5138: 5134: 5115: 5088: 5084: 5077: 5050: 5046: 5031: 5002: 4998: 4991: 4962: 4958: 4943: 4933: 4932: 4905: 4901: 4894: 4884: 4883: 4856: 4852: 4813: 4809: 4802: 4772: 4761: 4757: 4720: 4716: 4697: 4667: 4663: 4656: 4626: 4622: 4598: 4594: 4578: 4574: 4551: 4541: 4540: 4516: 4512: 4501: 4475: 4471: 4452: 4432: 4428: 4421: 4395: 4391: 4351: 4347: 4319: 4315: 4291: 4262: 4258: 4251: 4218: 4214: 4211:Gwinnett County 4186: 4182: 4166: 4162: 4141: 4137: 4111: 4091: 4087: 4080: 4076: 4072: 4068: 4048: 4033: 4012: 3992: 3988: 3973: 3950: 3946: 3939: 3916: 3912: 3878: 3848: 3844: 3810: 3806: 3787: 3777: 3776: 3752: 3748: 3739: 3726: 3697: 3693: 3683: 3679: 3672: 3642: 3638: 3637:in the region ( 3628: 3624: 3611: 3582: 3578: 3567: 3535: 3531: 3524:Magdalen Street 3514: 3485: 3481: 3464: 3426: 3422: 3416: 3396: 3392: 3382: 3378: 3371: 3333: 3329: 3323: 3303: 3299: 3298:by the locals ( 3289: 3285: 3269: 3245: 3241: 3234: 3211: 3207: 3194: 3164: 3160: 3153: 3130: 3126: 3118: 2979: 2945: 2941: 2909: 2905: 2894: 2858: 2854: 2829: 2825: 2796: 2792: 2779: 2753: 2749: 2738: 2711: 2707: 2663: 2659: 2646: 2626: 2622: 2603: 2599: 2596:Earls of Iveagh 2556: 2552: 2540: 2515: 2511: 2483: 2479: 2466: 2453: 2420: 2416: 2395: 2367: 2363: 2332: 2328: 2300: 2296: 2279: 2241: 2237: 2230: 2201: 2197: 2188: 2187: 2148: 2144: 2137: 2127: 2107: 2077: 2073: 2057: 2053: 2015: 2011: 2004: 1962: 1958: 1936: 1932: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1880: 1876: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1813: 1784: 1780: 1773: 1744: 1740: 1729: 1712: 1683: 1679: 1672: 1643: 1639: 1601: 1597: 1569: 1565: 1552:trap-bath split 1544: 1512: 1508: 1501: 1469: 1465: 1452: 1426: 1422: 1415: 1410: 1404: 1377:popular culture 1337:Hiberno-English 1264: 1254: 1230: 1226: 1200: 1195: 1174:Moro insurgents 1139:Islamic prophet 1086:Lebanese Arabic 1000: 941: 929:Jūgoen gojissen 919: 892: 890:Japanese–Korean 839: 813: 784:Rafael Trujillo 776: 730:[ˈyksi] 708:", used by the 692: 690:Finnish–Russian 674: 665:Magdalena River 636: 611: 608: 607: 589: 587: 557: 517: 423: 418: 412: 409: 300: 295: 273: 272: 271: 235: 224: 223: 222: 217: 206: 200: 197: 182: 170: 166: 155: 144: 138: 135: 92: 90: 80: 68: 27: 23: 12: 11: 5: 8280: 8270: 8269: 8264: 8259: 8244: 8243: 8232:on 13 May 2015 8213: 8195: 8177: 8158:(2): 221–224. 8142: 8127: 8116:. Quincyma.gov 8105: 8087: 8061: 8042: 8016: 7990: 7979:. Bigorrin.org 7968: 7940: 7911: 7896: 7883:(8): 422–426. 7863: 7844: 7825: 7813: 7800: 7787: 7769: 7751: 7742: 7721: 7691: 7672: 7647: 7629: 7610: 7592: 7586:1967-70 Ph.D. 7573: 7533: 7504: 7485: 7453: 7437: 7424: 7398: 7374: 7359: 7341: 7334: 7317: 7299: 7293:Science Digest 7283: 7267: 7245: 7238: 7218: 7211: 7191: 7185: 7167: 7157:, p. 22, 7143: 7122: 7095: 7069: 7039: 7032: 7011: 7004:Ross, Stuart. 6996: 6989: 6971: 6945: 6934:(in Ukrainian) 6919: 6908: 6897: 6871: 6860: 6842: 6828: 6816: 6797: 6771: 6757: 6750: 6732: 6726: 6706: 6695: 6688: 6665: 6622: 6585:Speiser, E. A. 6576: 6565: 6526: 6488: 6486: 6483: 6480: 6479: 6465: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6458: 6457: 6452: 6445: 6442: 6441: 6440: 6429: 6374: 6355: 6333: 6330: 6329: 6328: 6259: 6156: 6077: 6053: 5961: 5858: 5854:[pjɛʁ] 5824: 5542: 5454: 5315: 5205: 5131:North Carolina 5122: 5038: 4950: 4844: 4797: 4704: 4614: 4566: 4509:Houston, Texas 4458: 4379: 4303: 4202: 4152: 3980: 3904: 3891: 3798: 3738: 3735: 3734: 3733: 3618: 3521: 3471: 3275: 3202:Boucher Road, 3200: 3121:Belvoir Park, 3117: 3114: 3113: 3112: 3102: 3092: 3085: 3078: 3060: 3049: 3048: 3038: 3024: 3010: 2992: 2986: 2978: 2977:In New Zealand 2975: 2974: 2973: 2893: 2890: 2889: 2888: 2819: 2818: 2817: 2786: 2701: 2653: 2592:Iveagh Gardens 2589: 2546: 2508:D'Olier Street 2505: 2476:Aungier Street 2465: 2462: 2461: 2460: 2406: 2362:"Toronta" and 2286: 2114: 2063: 1952: 1820: 1728: 1725: 1724: 1723: 1633: 1559: 1459: 1414: 1411: 1406:Main article: 1403: 1400: 1399: 1398: 1397: 1396: 1381:military draft 1348: 1309: 1282:fish and chips 1278:New Zealanders 1269:Fish and chips 1253: 1250: 1249: 1248: 1199: 1196: 1194: 1191: 1190: 1189: 1155: 1108: 1093: 1066: 1047:Israeli forces 1044: 1032: 1015:(w-sounds) or 999: 996: 995: 994: 975:Olga Skabeyeva 940: 937: 936: 935: 891: 888: 887: 886: 838: 835: 834: 833: 818:Sumgait Pogrom 812: 811:Azeri–Armenian 809: 808: 807: 775: 772: 771: 770: 744: 691: 688: 687: 686: 681:of 1381, many 673: 670: 669: 668: 635: 632: 631: 630: 586: 583: 582: 581: 556: 553: 552: 551: 531:to ferret out 516: 513: 512: 511: 499: 498: 482: 481: 422: 419: 417: 414: 407: 370:Book of Judges 329:of a stalk of 299: 296: 266:⟩, see 242: 241: 240: 237: 236: 219: 218: 173: 171: 164: 157: 156: 71: 69: 62: 57: 31: 30: 28: 21: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8279: 8268: 8265: 8263: 8260: 8258: 8255: 8254: 8252: 8231: 8227: 8223: 8217: 8209: 8205: 8199: 8191: 8187: 8181: 8173: 8169: 8165: 8161: 8157: 8153: 8146: 8138: 8131: 8115: 8109: 8101: 8097: 8091: 8076: 8072: 8065: 8057: 8053: 8046: 8031:on 9 May 2008 8030: 8026: 8020: 8004: 8000: 7994: 7978: 7972: 7956: 7955: 7950: 7944: 7928: 7927: 7922: 7915: 7907: 7900: 7891: 7886: 7882: 7878: 7874: 7867: 7859: 7855: 7848: 7840: 7839:Baltimore Sun 7836: 7829: 7822: 7817: 7810: 7804: 7797: 7791: 7783: 7779: 7773: 7765: 7761: 7755: 7746: 7738: 7734: 7728: 7726: 7709: 7705: 7701: 7695: 7687: 7683: 7676: 7661: 7657: 7651: 7643: 7639: 7633: 7625: 7624:National Post 7621: 7614: 7602: 7596: 7589: 7583: 7577: 7571: 7567: 7563: 7559: 7558:National Post 7553: 7551: 7550: 7545: 7537: 7529: 7523: 7515: 7511: 7507: 7501: 7497: 7496: 7489: 7473: 7469: 7468: 7463: 7457: 7450: 7449: 7441: 7434: 7428: 7413: 7409: 7402: 7394: 7390: 7389: 7384: 7378: 7370: 7366: 7362: 7356: 7352: 7345: 7337: 7335:1-876429-14-3 7331: 7327: 7321: 7314: 7313: 7308: 7303: 7295: 7294: 7287: 7279: 7278: 7271: 7263: 7256: 7249: 7241: 7235: 7231: 7230: 7222: 7214: 7208: 7204: 7203: 7195: 7188: 7182: 7178: 7171: 7164: 7163:10.26021/4611 7160: 7156: 7155: 7147: 7132: 7126: 7110: 7109:The PCIJ Blog 7106: 7099: 7083: 7079: 7073: 7066: 7055: 7054: 7049: 7043: 7035: 7029: 7025: 7021: 7015: 7007: 7000: 6992: 6990:0-684-80137-X 6986: 6982: 6975: 6959: 6955: 6949: 6933: 6929: 6923: 6917: 6912: 6906: 6901: 6886: 6883:(in Polish). 6882: 6875: 6869: 6864: 6856: 6852: 6846: 6838: 6832: 6825: 6820: 6812: 6808: 6801: 6785: 6781: 6775: 6768: 6767: 6761: 6753: 6747: 6743: 6736: 6729: 6727:9781858288888 6723: 6719: 6718: 6710: 6704: 6703:Judges 12:5–6 6699: 6691: 6685: 6681: 6680: 6672: 6670: 6661: 6657: 6653: 6649: 6645: 6641: 6637: 6633: 6626: 6618: 6614: 6610: 6606: 6602: 6598: 6594: 6590: 6586: 6580: 6574: 6569: 6562: 6561:Modern Hebrew 6556: 6554: 6549: 6543: 6541: 6536: 6530: 6514: 6510: 6506: 6505:"Schibboleth" 6501: 6496: 6494: 6489: 6476: 6470: 6466: 6456: 6453: 6451: 6448: 6447: 6438: 6437:San Francisco 6434: 6430: 6427: 6423: 6419: 6415: 6411: 6407: 6403: 6399: 6395: 6391: 6387: 6383: 6379: 6375: 6372: 6368: 6364: 6361:residents of 6360: 6356: 6352: 6348: 6344: 6340: 6336: 6335: 6324: 6298: 6274: 6273:Southern Utah 6270: 6266: 6265:National Park 6264: 6260: 6257: 6256: 6247: 6214: 6210: 6209: 6199: 6166: 6162: 6161: 6157: 6152: 6117: 6084: 6083: 6078: 6075: 6074: 6070: 6066: 6065: 6061: 6057: 6054: 6051: 6050: 6041: 6011: 6007: 6006: 5997: 5967: 5966: 5962: 5959: 5958: 5949: 5922: 5921: 5908: 5864: 5863: 5859: 5855: 5845: 5830: 5829: 5825: 5822: 5818: 5817: 5808: 5781: 5780: 5771: 5743: 5716: 5715: 5706: 5676: 5675: 5666: 5639: 5638: 5634:. Similarly, 5633: 5632: 5623: 5593: 5592: 5583: 5556: 5555: 5550: 5546: 5545:Hampton Roads 5543: 5540: 5539: 5530: 5507:, pronounced 5506: 5502: 5498: 5497: 5488: 5464: 5460: 5459: 5455: 5452: 5448: 5444: 5443: 5433: 5403: 5402: 5392: 5362: 5361: 5351: 5321: 5320: 5316: 5313: 5312: 5299: 5254: 5253: 5244: 5211: 5210: 5206: 5203: 5202: 5193: 5169: 5168: 5159: 5132: 5128: 5127: 5123: 5120: 5119: 5109: 5082: 5081: 5071: 5044: 5043: 5039: 5036: 5035: 5026: 4996: 4995: 4986: 4956: 4955: 4951: 4948: 4947: 4936: 4929: 4899: 4898: 4887: 4880: 4850: 4849: 4845: 4840: 4807: 4806: 4798: 4793: 4753: 4714: 4710: 4709: 4705: 4702: 4701: 4691: 4661: 4660: 4650: 4620: 4619: 4615: 4610: 4590: 4572: 4571: 4567: 4564: 4560: 4556: 4555: 4544: 4537: 4510: 4506: 4505: 4496: 4469: 4468:New York City 4465: 4463: 4459: 4456: 4455: 4447: 4426: 4425: 4416: 4389: 4385: 4384: 4380: 4375: 4343: 4313: 4309: 4308: 4304: 4300: 4296: 4295: 4286: 4256: 4255: 4245: 4212: 4208: 4207: 4203: 4198: 4178: 4160: 4156: 4153: 4150: 4146: 4145: 4132: 4085: 4084: 4063: 3986: 3985: 3981: 3978: 3977: 3968: 3944: 3943: 3934: 3910: 3909: 3905: 3902: 3898: 3896: 3895:Auchentoroloy 3892: 3887: 3840: 3804: 3803: 3799: 3796: 3792: 3791: 3780: 3773: 3746: 3745: 3741: 3740: 3731: 3730: 3721: 3689: 3677: 3676: 3666: 3634: 3622: 3619: 3616: 3615: 3606: 3576: 3572: 3571: 3562: 3529: 3525: 3522: 3519: 3518: 3509: 3479: 3475: 3472: 3469: 3468: 3459: 3420: 3419: 3411: 3388: 3376: 3375: 3366: 3327: 3326: 3318: 3295: 3283: 3279: 3276: 3273: 3272: 3263: 3239: 3238: 3229: 3205: 3201: 3198: 3197: 3188: 3158: 3157: 3148: 3124: 3120: 3119: 3107:: pronounced 3106: 3103: 3097:: pronounced 3096: 3093: 3086: 3079: 3068: 3064: 3061: 3054: 3053: 3052: 3046: 3042: 3039: 3031:/waɪ.'wɛər.ə/ 3028: 3027:Waiwera South 3025: 3014: 3011: 3007:/oʊ.'tɑː.goʊ/ 3000: 2996: 2993: 2990: 2989:Central Otago 2987: 2984: 2981: 2980: 2969: 2936:(with a hard 2933: 2903: 2899: 2896: 2895: 2885: 2850: 2823: 2820: 2814: 2790: 2787: 2784: 2783: 2774: 2747: 2743: 2742: 2732: 2705: 2702: 2699: 2693: 2658:: pronounced 2657: 2654: 2651: 2650: 2641: 2618: 2597: 2593: 2590: 2587: 2583: 2577: 2551:: pronounced 2550: 2549:Dorset Street 2547: 2544: 2543: 2533: 2510:: pronounced 2509: 2506: 2501: 2478:: pronounced 2477: 2474: 2473: 2471: 2468: 2467: 2458: 2457: 2447: 2414: 2410: 2407: 2404: 2403: 2391: 2359: 2324: 2294: 2290: 2287: 2284: 2283: 2282:-atch-choo-on 2274: 2235: 2234: 2225: 2191: 2184: 2142: 2141: 2132: 2131: 2122: 2118: 2115: 2112: 2111: 2101: 2072:: Pronounced 2071: 2067: 2064: 2061: 2060: 2048: 2009: 2008: 1998: 1956: 1953: 1949: 1944: 1940: 1939: 1927: 1884: 1883: 1871: 1828: 1824: 1821: 1818: 1817: 1808: 1778: 1777: 1768: 1738: 1734: 1731: 1730: 1721: 1717: 1716: 1707: 1677: 1676: 1667: 1638:: pronounced 1637: 1634: 1631: 1625: 1593: 1563: 1560: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1548: 1539: 1506: 1505: 1496: 1464:: pronounced 1463: 1460: 1457: 1456: 1447: 1421:: pronounced 1420: 1417: 1416: 1409: 1394: 1393: 1392:I Am Canadian 1389: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1361:United States 1358: 1355:: pronounced 1354: 1353: 1349: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1321: 1317: 1316: 1314: 1310: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1270: 1266: 1265: 1263: 1259: 1246: 1241: 1236: 1223: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1203:The sentence 1202: 1201: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1170:Lord's Prayer 1167: 1163: 1160: 1156: 1153: 1152: 1147: 1143: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1113: 1109: 1106: 1102: 1101:Falklands War 1098: 1094: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1045: 1042: 1038: 1033: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 1001: 988: 984: 980: 976: 972: 968: 960: 956: 952: 948: 947: 943: 942: 930: 918: 914: 910: 906: 902: 898: 894: 893: 884: 880: 876: 872: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 848: 844: 841: 840: 837:Polish–German 831: 827: 823: 819: 815: 814: 805: 801: 797: 793: 789: 785: 781: 778: 777: 767: 762: 758: 754: 749: 745: 742: 737: 731: 727: 725: 719: 715: 711: 707: 703: 698: 694: 693: 684: 680: 676: 675: 672:English–Dutch 666: 654: 649: 648: 642: 638: 637: 628: 624: 621: 614: 605: 602: 601: 598: 585:Frisian–Dutch 578: 573: 568: 563: 559: 558: 545: 541: 537: 534: 530: 526: 522: 519: 518: 505: 501: 500: 496: 495:Brugse Metten 492: 491:Bruges Matins 488: 484: 483: 479: 478: 472: 471: 465: 464: 451: 450: 445: 441: 436: 432: 428: 425: 424: 410:Judges 12:5–6 406: 401: 399: 395: 391: 387: 383: 379: 375: 371: 367: 366: 361: 360: 355: 351: 346: 344: 340: 336: 332: 328: 324: 310: 305: 293: 289: 285: 280: 278: 269: 257: 253: 251: 247: 233: 230: 215: 212: 204: 194: 190: 186: 180: 179: 174:This article 172: 163: 162: 153: 150: 142: 131: 128: 124: 121: 117: 114: 110: 107: 103: 100: –  99: 95: 94:Find sources: 88: 84: 78: 77: 72:This article 70: 66: 61: 60: 55: 53: 46: 45: 40: 39: 34: 29: 20: 19: 16: 8234:. Retrieved 8230:the original 8225: 8216: 8208:Mental Floss 8207: 8198: 8189: 8180: 8155: 8151: 8145: 8136: 8130: 8118:. Retrieved 8108: 8099: 8090: 8078:. Retrieved 8074: 8064: 8055: 8045: 8035:11 September 8033:. Retrieved 8029:the original 8019: 8009:11 September 8007:. Retrieved 8003:the original 7993: 7981:. Retrieved 7971: 7959:. Retrieved 7952: 7943: 7931:. Retrieved 7924: 7914: 7905: 7899: 7880: 7876: 7866: 7858:Boise Weekly 7847: 7838: 7828: 7820: 7816: 7808: 7803: 7795: 7790: 7781: 7772: 7763: 7754: 7745: 7736: 7712:. Retrieved 7708:the original 7704:www.jjon.org 7703: 7694: 7685: 7675: 7663:. Retrieved 7659: 7650: 7641: 7632: 7623: 7613: 7595: 7576: 7562:Judy Maddren 7548: 7546: 7543: 7536: 7494: 7488: 7476:. Retrieved 7472:the original 7465: 7456: 7447: 7440: 7432: 7427: 7415:. Retrieved 7411: 7401: 7386: 7377: 7350: 7344: 7325: 7320: 7315:, 8 May 2000 7310: 7302: 7292: 7286: 7276: 7270: 7261: 7248: 7228: 7221: 7201: 7194: 7176: 7170: 7153: 7146: 7134:. Retrieved 7125: 7113:. Retrieved 7108: 7098: 7088:26 September 7086:. Retrieved 7081: 7072: 7064: 7059:22 September 7057:. Retrieved 7051: 7042: 7023: 7014: 7005: 6999: 6980: 6974: 6962:. Retrieved 6957: 6948: 6936:. Retrieved 6931: 6922: 6911: 6900: 6888:. Retrieved 6874: 6863: 6854: 6845: 6831: 6823: 6819: 6810: 6800: 6788:. Retrieved 6784:the original 6774: 6765: 6760: 6741: 6735: 6716: 6709: 6698: 6678: 6635: 6631: 6625: 6592: 6588: 6579: 6573:Isaiah 27:12 6568: 6551: 6548:"shibboleth" 6538: 6535:"shibboleth" 6529: 6519:26 September 6517:. Retrieved 6513:the original 6508: 6475:Speiser 1942 6469: 6381: 6377: 6262: 6212: 6158: 6081: 6072: 6063: 5964: 5861: 5827: 5636: 5553: 5457: 5317: 5209:Natchitoches 5208: 5124: 5041: 4953: 4847: 4706: 4617: 4569: 4461: 4383:Forked River 4381: 4305: 4299:Gwinnett, GA 4205: 4158: 3983: 3907: 3894: 3800: 3743: 3089:/'dʒər.vɔɪs/ 3082:/fɪ.'luː.əl/ 3050: 3013:Saint Arnaud 2400: 2117:Saskatchewan 2070:Saskatchewan 1955:Newfoundland 1942: 1889:vowel (thus 1413:In Australia 1390: 1368: 1367:; typically 1356: 1350: 1318: 1289: 1281: 1267: 1244: 1234: 1212: 1204: 1180:, including 1149: 1105:Scots Guards 1099:in the 1982 1078:Palestinians 1040: 1036: 1028: 982: 954: 944: 882: 878: 853:quelled the 842: 829: 795: 721: 661:/fɾanˈsisko/ 657:/fɾanˈθisko/ 651:was used by 603: 596: 572:say chickpea 520: 503: 494: 476: 469: 439: 426: 421:Dutch–French 403: 393: 389: 386:River Jordan 363: 357: 350:Hebrew Bible 347: 301: 284:dynamic list 274: 262:and ⟨ 244: 225: 207: 198: 175: 145: 136: 126: 119: 112: 105: 93: 81:Please help 76:verification 73: 49: 42: 36: 35:Please help 32: 15: 8262:Shibboleths 8236:12 February 7961:28 December 7660:Global News 6371:Republicans 6351:Highway 101 6008:. However, 5862:Punta Gorda 5821:East Anglia 5314:or similar. 4708:Long Island 4147:by locals. 4079:-, -⁠ 3984:Buena Vista 3109:/te.'pʊ.ke/ 3003:/ə.'tɑː.gə/ 2892:In Malaysia 1943:Francophone 1365:Philippines 1329:Protestants 1302:vowel shift 1274:Australians 1209:Eye dialect 1157:The mostly 1110:During the 1065:(b-sounds). 1049:during the 955:palianytsia 953:, the word 946:Palianytsia 816:During the 757:steamroller 710:White Guard 643:, the name 639:During the 577:nara cixiri 446:pronounced 433:killed the 354:Ephraimites 277:shibboleths 8251:Categories 7686:DublinLive 7412:CBC Listen 6485:References 6398:Montgomery 6390:Alexandria 6359:Democratic 6165:Washington 6069:/ˈskuːkəl/ 5505:New Jersey 4848:Louisville 4388:New Jersey 4161:Street is 3802:Appalachia 3577:is always 3282:Sunderland 3075:/'ɛl.thəm/ 3045:East Coast 3041:West Coast 3035:/'waɪ.vrə/ 2902:Malaysians 2464:In Ireland 1720:Victorians 1256:See also: 1144:'s mother 1119:al-Shabaab 983:polunytsia 979:strawberry 895:Following 847:Old Polish 475:voiceless 390:shibboleth 368:). In the 325:, such as 282:This is a 185:improve it 139:April 2010 109:newspapers 38:improve it 8172:144010897 7714:9 October 7522:cite book 7514:166321297 7369:213400485 6855:upenn.edu 6790:4 January 6660:164131149 6617:163386740 6394:Arlington 6082:Tillamook 6064:SKOOL-kil 6060:skuːlkɪl/ 4618:Hurricane 4561:Delegate 4302:emphasis. 3901:Baltimore 3478:Cambridge 3467:-dər-lənd 3374:-dər-lənd 3099:/lə.'vɪn/ 3071:/'ɛl.θəm/ 3021:/'ɑː.nəd/ 3017:/'ɑː.noʊ/ 2409:Vancouver 1727:In Canada 1562:Melbourne 1547:-səl-mayn 1345:Australia 1333:Catholics 1168:used the 1159:Christian 987:Ukrainian 959:Ukrainian 826:Armenians 800:trilled r 782:dictator 780:Dominican 748:Höyryjyrä 653:Colombian 647:Francisco 625:during a 529:Sicilians 525:chickpeas 456:and "ch" 394:sibboleth 316:שִׁבֹּלֶת 309:shibbólet 201:June 2015 189:verifying 44:talk page 8080:21 March 7933:21 April 7737:Lovin.ie 7393:Archived 7136:27 March 7115:31 March 7053:BBC News 7022:(2012). 6964:17 March 6932:Апостроф 6885:Focus.pl 6444:See also 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