19:
1031:
1233:
947:
535:
1161:
458:
620:
1308:
693:
152:, at 19,579 acres (79.23 km). The total areas protected by national seashores and lakeshores are approximately 595,000 acres (2,410 km) and 214,000 acres (870 km), respectively. These thirteen sites had a total visitation of 21.1 million people in 2017, led by Cape Cod at over 4 million visitors. The lakeshores and seashores have an emphasis on recreation, and most allow hunting and off-road vehicles, which is not permitted in national parks. Five seashores and lakeshores also include land more strictly protected as
790:
292:
209:, but debate over the meaning of this status and how the land would be acquired by the NPS delayed action, as existing and expected development made it unsuitable for a national park. The 1936 Park, Parkway, and Recreational Area Study Act gave the Park Service a framework to designate and protect a wider variety of resources that included recreational land use. Congress authorized Cape Hatteras National Seashore in August 1937, and President Roosevelt signed the bill before visiting
870:
235:
preserving entire areas threatened by development, even as philosophical questions of uniqueness, national importance, and protection of an urbanized area were raised. The national lakeshores, seashores, and riverways, although lacking recognizable monuments, would be rare coastal areas kept in more pristine condition. Their geologic features and biological significance of diverse plant life was also important for gaining federal protection.
381:
213:. It was not established, however, until 1953 and dedicated in 1958 after permission to hunt was determined, the land was purchased and donated to the Park Service, and ongoing funding was authorized, but the process would serve as an example for how to create and manage similar dual-purpose sites.
184:
The first federal protection of shoreline in the U.S. for public recreation purposes was in 1930, when
Congress established "the principle of conserving the natural beauty of shore lines for recreational use" in northern Minnesota. With a push for job-creating conservation programs during the
234:
was the first to include appropriations for purchasing land; to prevent local opposition it limited removal of private property and established an advisory commission with local representation, an innovation used for others. The creation of Cape Cod recognized the importance of commitment to
1220:
at four shipwrecks. It is known for its sandstone sea caves, a few old growth remnant forests, natural animal habitats, and eight lighthouses, the most at any NPS site. Eighty percent of the land area is protected as the
Gaylord Nelson Wilderness.
1363:
are the centerpiece of one of the state's most popular areas for hiking, camping, and canoeing. Two wilderness islands, marshy wetlands, and maple forests are home to more than 1500 plant and animal species living near historic farmsteads.
216:
A 1955 NPS survey of the
Atlantic and Gulf coasts recommended sixteen areas that would be worthy of protection, five of which would become national seashores. Studies of the Great Lakes and Pacific coast also led to designations, including
229:
program drove system expansion and land acquisition by the Park
Service. Altogether thirteen further national seashores and lakeshores would be authorized and established, all in the 1960s and 1970s. The 1961 law authorizing
125:. While all of these protected sites have extensive beaches for recreation, they extend inland to include other natural resources like wetlands and marshes, forests, lakes and lagoons, and dunes. Many also feature historic
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Shorelines, both on oceans and lakes, are particularly vulnerable to natural change. National seashores have experienced higher temperatures than in the past, with even hotter summers expected from the effects of
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600:. Popular recreation activities include windsurfing, birdwatching, fishing, shell collecting, and kayaking. Constantly changing from ocean activity, this barrier island provides refuge for the endangered
172:, and storm surges from severe hurricanes can disintegrate the beaches. Warmer temperatures at the Great Lakes may result in continued drop in water levels, with unclear effects on the shoreline. The
1019:. Malaquite Beach provides a variety of recreational activities, and Novillo Line Camp has the remains of a cattle ranch. The military used part of the island as a bombing range during WWII.
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357:'s beach and dunes are continually shaped by wind and waves. It is known for its feral horses and is also home to deer, crabs, fox, and migrating snow geese. Main vegetation includes
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in 2019 in a bid to increase visibility and tourism to the area despite the Park
Service's naming conventions. Other national parks that include coastal areas, such as
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in the winter and waterfalls also freeze into curtained formations. The five-mile-long Great Sable Dunes stand over 300 ft (91 m) high near the 1874
442:
features an ancient Native
American mound, and Eldora Statehouse shows historic life on the lagoon. Florida's longest undeveloped Atlantic beach surrounds
254:, emphasize conservation over recreation, though the enabling legislation for seashores and lakeshores vary in the degree to which the two are stressed.
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62:
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1602:"[USC03] 16 USC 577a: Conserving shore line beauty for recreational use of public lands in northern Minnesota; regulation of logging"
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927:
Seven main islands have four historic forts built by the
Spanish and Americans that were used for defense in the War of 1812 and Civil War.
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The
Pictured Rocks are colorful sandstone cliffs jutting in Lake Superior from the Upper Peninsula. Sea caves around them become climbable
1577:"Coastal Change-Potential Assessment of Sleeping Bear Dunes, Indiana Dunes, and Apostle Islands National Lakeshores to Lake-Level Changes"
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681:. Hiking, camping, fishing, and birdwatching are popular recreational activities. It is also home to two historic villages.
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to protecting historic sites and recreation areas, including coastlines. Its work controlling erosion at North
Carolina's
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as being of natural and recreational significance as a preserved area. All of the national lakeshores are on Lakes
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1653:"National Park Service: Atlantic and Gulf Coasts Recreation Area Survey (Summary of Findings and Recommendations)"
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23:
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Sand dunes reaching 450 ft (140 m) above Lake
Michigan on 4 sq mi (10 km) of glacial
935:. There are nature trails for wildlife viewing and long beaches for snorkeling, biking, and other activities.
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mansion, and an African Baptist church near sandy beaches and marshes. The museum on the mainland exhibits
438:, this barrier island has a variety of recreational activities including hiking, boating, and fishing. The
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81:
known as national seashores and three known as national lakeshores, which are public lands operated by the
1635:
The Creation and Establishment of Cape Hatteras National Seashore: The Great Depression through Mission 66
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858:. The beaches and dunes are complemented by a sunken forest, wetlands, and seventeen communities.
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National seashores are located in ten states and national lakeshores are in two other states.
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446:, which is home to dolphins, manatees, and sea turtles, along with a variety of sea grasses.
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8:
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519:. Cranberry bogs, marshes, and hiking trails provide a look into the flora and fauna of
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1823:"National Park System Areas Listed in Chronological Order of Date Authorized under DOI"
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states that long-term planning for all sites must address erosion and visitor access.
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Administrative history: expansion of the National Park Service in the 1930s
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164:. All nine seashores on the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico feature low-lying
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1795:"Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore now is America's newest national park"
1529:"Atlantic National Seashores in Peril The Threats of Climate Disruption"
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1038:
1008:
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242:, established in 1975. There is one former national lakeshore, renamed
226:
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1492:"Water, Sand and Plenty of Elbow Room on 8 Wild, Protected Coastlines"
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Twenty-one islands and shoreline on the northern tip of Wisconsin on
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221:, authorized as the first national lakeshore in 1966. Funds from the
38:
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677:, accessible only by boat. It is known for its wild horses and the
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141:
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populate the wilderness area of cliffs and ridges. Also part of a
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Cape Lookout National Seashore is made up of three islands of the
1465:"Annual Visitation by Park Type or Region for: 2017 By Park Type"
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877:
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388:
133:
90:
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Beyond its nearly 40 miles of beaches, this historic area has
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each have two. The largest national seashore or lakeshore is
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2030:
2008:
1986:
1964:
1942:
1920:
1898:
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1772:"Park Service: Indiana Dunes Shouldn't Be A National Park"
189:, the National Park Service expanded its role in managing
1554:"National Seashores: On the Front Line of Climate Change"
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992:
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341:
1377:
List of areas in the United States National Park System
1216:
offer a variety of recreation opportunities, including
148:, at over 137,000 acres (550 km); the smallest is
1828:. National Park Service. June 27, 2005. Archived from
1749:"National Parks: The American Experience (Chapter 11)"
109:, and nine of the ten national seashores are on the
1726:. U.S. Department of the Interior. pp. 73–75.
1104:can be seen as they migrate near the seashore, and
1793:Carden, Dan; Pete, Joseph S. (February 15, 2019).
1469:Integrated Resource Management Applications Portal
2558:
515:, the Three Sisters Lighthouses, and the former
1382:List of national monuments of the United States
1527:Saunders, Stephen; et al. (August 2012).
2582:Lists of protected areas of the United States
2412:
2199:
1696:"Parks, Politics, and the People (Chapter 9)"
1575:Pendleton, Elizabeth A.; et al. (2007).
238:The newest national lakeshore or seashore is
2428:Federal protected areas in the United States
1673:
1436:. Washington, D.C.: National Park Service.
1387:List of national parks of the United States
2419:
2405:
2206:
2192:
1792:
1719:
1674:Unrau, Harlan; Williss, G. Frank (1983).
1574:
1556:. Coastal Review Online. November 7, 2012
2572:National Lakeshores of the United States
2141:"Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore"
1817:
1815:
1526:
1489:
89:. National seashores and lakeshores are
17:
2577:National Seashores of the United States
2216:National Lakeshores, National Seashores
1631:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1413:
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1397:National Wilderness Preservation System
2559:
1723:The National Parks: Shaping the System
1126:
2400:
2187:
1965:"Cumberland Island National Seashore"
1855:"Assateague Island National Seashore"
1812:
1746:
1715:
1713:
1693:
1683:. National Park Service. p. 155.
257:
201:led to it considering designation of
121:is the only national seashore on the
2075:"Apostle Islands National Lakeshore"
1627:
1625:
1623:
1608:. Office of the Law Revision Counsel
1534:. National Resources Defense Council
1522:
1520:
1408:
1392:History of the National Park Service
1007:sea turtle and a migratory site for
2119:"Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore"
1430:The National Parks: Index 2012–2016
931:Indians once lived here, including
13:
1769:
1710:
1706:– via National Park Service.
14:
2593:
2158:
1921:"Cape Hatteras National Seashore"
1620:
1517:
997:130,434.27 acres (527.8 km)
924:137,990.97 acres (558.4 km)
592:, Cape Hatteras is known for its
174:Natural Resources Defense Council
2031:"Padre Island National Seashore"
2009:"Gulf Islands National Seashore"
1943:"Cape Lookout National Seashore"
1490:Waterman, Jon (August 6, 2020).
1356:71,198.48 acres (288.1 km)
1306:
1292:. A portion is protected as the
1281:73,235.83 acres (296.4 km)
1231:
1209:69,371.89 acres (280.7 km)
1159:
1081:71,067.78 acres (287.6 km)
1029:
945:
868:
788:
743:36,415.13 acres (147.4 km)
691:
670:28,243.36 acres (114.3 km)
618:
585:30,350.65 acres (122.8 km)
533:
508:43,608.48 acres (176.5 km)
456:
431:57,661.69 acres (233.3 km)
379:
346:39,726.75 acres (160.8 km)
290:
2133:
2111:
2089:
2067:
2053:"Point Reyes National Seashore"
2045:
2023:
2001:
1987:"Fire Island National Seashore"
1979:
1957:
1935:
1913:
1891:
1869:
1847:
1786:
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840:19,579.47 acres (79.2 km)
1799:The Times of Northwest Indiana
1751:. University of Nebraska Press
1698:. University of Oklahoma Press
1645:
1594:
1568:
1546:
1483:
1457:
168:, which could be submerged by
24:Gulf Islands National Seashore
1:
1877:"Canaveral National Seashore"
1402:
1118:Golden Gate Biosphere Reserve
517:North Truro Air Force Station
22:Welcome sign on the beach at
1899:"Cape Cod National Seashore"
846:, a barrier island south of
223:Bureau of Outdoor Recreation
7:
2567:National Park Service areas
2444:Estuarine Research Reserves
1370:
244:Indiana Dunes National Park
63:GPX (secondary coordinates)
10:
2598:
1720:Mackintosh, Barry (2005).
232:Cape Cod National Seashore
179:
87:Department of the Interior
2434:
2313:
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1632:Binkley, Cameron (2007).
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746:Accessible only by boat,
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598:Cape Hatteras Lighthouses
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58:GPX (primary coordinates)
33:Map all coordinates using
2484:Outstanding Natural Area
2464:Lakeshores and seashores
1641:. National Park Service.
1582:. U.S. Geological Survey
1114:UNESCO Biosphere Reserve
207:national recreation area
85:(NPS), an agency of the
41:Download coordinates as:
2143:. National Park Service
2121:. National Park Service
2077:. National Park Service
2055:. National Park Service
2033:. National Park Service
2011:. National Park Service
1989:. National Park Service
1967:. National Park Service
1945:. National Park Service
1923:. National Park Service
1901:. National Park Service
1879:. National Park Service
1857:. National Park Service
1655:. National Park Service
1471:. National Park Service
1294:Beaver Basin Wilderness
679:Cape Lookout Lighthouse
113:, including two on the
2539:Wilderness Study Areas
2529:Wild and Scenic Rivers
2509:Research Natural Areas
1747:Runte, Alfred (1997).
1694:Wirth, Conrad (1980).
1090:Point Reyes Lighthouse
1084:Historic locations on
856:Fire Island Lighthouse
27:
2341:Great Egg Harbor NSRR
2173:National Park Service
1086:Point Reyes Peninsula
252:Acadia National Parks
83:National Park Service
53:GPX (all coordinates)
21:
436:Kennedy Space Center
359:American beach grass
2346:Middle Delaware NSR
2244:Sleeping Bear Dunes
2227:National Lakeshores
1332: /
1302:Sleeping Bear Dunes
1257: /
1185: /
1127:National lakeshores
1057: /
973: /
900: /
852:William Floyd House
850:, has the historic
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750:is the site of the
719: /
646: /
608:, and sea turtles.
561: /
484: /
407: /
363:saltmarsh cordgrass
322: /
2469:Marine Sanctuaries
2439:Conservation Areas
2386:Upper Delaware SRR
2253:National Seashores
2097:"Visit Wilderness"
1606:United States Code
1496:The New York Times
1205:September 26, 1970
836:September 11, 1964
342:September 21, 1965
258:National seashores
195:national monuments
28:
2552:
2551:
2479:Natural Landmarks
2394:
2393:
2351:Mississippi River
2285:Cumberland Island
2260:Assateague Island
1835:on March 11, 2012
1770:Thiele, Rebecca.
1733:978-0-912627-73-1
1443:978-0-16-093209-0
1368:
1367:
1348:
1273:
1201:
1143:Date established
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989:
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832:
748:Cumberland Island
735:
687:Cumberland Island
662:
577:
500:
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355:Assateague Island
338:
286:Assateague Island
274:Date established
170:rising sea levels
2589:
2544:Wildlife Refuges
2534:Wilderness Areas
2504:Recreation Areas
2459:Historical parks
2421:
2414:
2407:
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2167:Official website
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2099:. wilderness.net
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1352:October 21, 1970
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1277:October 15, 1966
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1096:and a recreated
1094:Lifeboat Station
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1077:October 20, 1972
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1061:38.00°N 123.00°W
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795:Atlantic coast:
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766:Indian history,
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739:October 23, 1972
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187:Great Depression
154:wilderness areas
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2381:Saint Croix NSR
2314:National Rivers
2309:
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2234:Apostle Islands
2222:
2220:National Rivers
2212:
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1334:
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1259:
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1189:46.97°N 90.66°W
1187:
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1155:Apostle Islands
1129:
1065:
1063:
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1036:Pacific coast:
981:
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920:January 8, 1971
908:
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904:30.36°N 86.97°W
902:
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820:40.70°N 72.98°W
818:
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796:
768:Nathaniel Green
756:Thomas Carnegie
727:
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723:30.83°N 81.45°W
721:
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699:
654:
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650:34.61°N 76.54°W
648:
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637:
635:
633:
632:
630:
626:
588:Located in the
569:
567:
565:35.30°N 75.51°W
563:
560:
555:
552:
550:
548:
547:
545:
541:
513:Marconi Station
492:
490:
488:41.95°N 70.00°W
486:
483:
478:
475:
473:
471:
470:
468:
464:
444:Mosquito Lagoon
427:January 3, 1975
415:
413:
411:28.77°N 80.78°W
409:
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398:
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387:
330:
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326:38.08°N 75.21°W
324:
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166:barrier islands
129:and estates.
79:protected areas
71:
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2409:
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2392:
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2376:Rio Grande WSR
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
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2326:Big South Fork
2323:
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2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2256:
2254:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2241:
2239:Pictured Rocks
2236:
2230:
2228:
2224:
2223:
2214:United States
2211:
2210:
2203:
2196:
2188:
2182:
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2175:
2160:
2159:External links
2157:
2155:
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2110:
2088:
2066:
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1978:
1956:
1934:
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1290:Au Sable Light
1282:
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1227:Pictured Rocks
1223:
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1121:
1110:elephant seals
1082:
1079:
1074:
1066:38.00; -123.00
1034:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1017:piping plovers
1013:brown pelicans
998:
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774:'s works, and
744:
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666:March 10, 1966
663:
628:North Carolina
623:
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219:Pictured Rocks
211:Roanoke Island
191:national parks
181:
178:
162:climate change
138:North Carolina
115:Gulf of Mexico
111:Atlantic Ocean
97:designated by
66:
65:
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55:
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2275:Cape Hatteras
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702:
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602:piping plover
599:
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544:
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529:Cape Hatteras
526:
522:
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497:
493:41.95; -70.00
467:
466:Massachusetts
462:
459:
455:
453:
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440:Seminole Rest
437:
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430:
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416:28.77; -80.78
390:
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203:Cape Hatteras
200:
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75:United States
64:
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51:
49:
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45:
43:
42:
37:
36:OpenStreetMap
34:
25:
20:
16:
2554:
2519:Scenic Areas
2463:
2361:Niobrara NSR
2356:Missouri NRR
2300:Padre Island
2295:Gulf Islands
2280:Cape Lookout
2215:
2145:. Retrieved
2135:
2123:. Retrieved
2113:
2103:December 14,
2101:. Retrieved
2091:
2079:. Retrieved
2069:
2057:. Retrieved
2047:
2035:. Retrieved
2025:
2013:. Retrieved
2003:
1991:. Retrieved
1981:
1969:. Retrieved
1959:
1947:. Retrieved
1937:
1925:. Retrieved
1915:
1903:. Retrieved
1893:
1881:. Retrieved
1871:
1859:. Retrieved
1849:
1837:. Retrieved
1830:the original
1804:February 17,
1802:. Retrieved
1798:
1788:
1778:February 17,
1776:. Retrieved
1765:
1753:. Retrieved
1742:
1722:
1702:February 17,
1700:. Retrieved
1689:
1676:
1669:
1659:February 17,
1657:. Retrieved
1647:
1634:
1612:February 17,
1610:. Retrieved
1605:
1596:
1586:February 18,
1584:. Retrieved
1570:
1560:February 17,
1558:. Retrieved
1548:
1538:February 16,
1536:. Retrieved
1507:. Retrieved
1495:
1485:
1475:February 16,
1473:. Retrieved
1468:
1459:
1447:. Retrieved
1429:
1218:scuba diving
1149:Description
1088:include the
1001:Padre Island
977:27°N 97.38°W
952:Gulf coast:
941:Padre Island
875:Gulf coast:
864:Gulf Islands
752:Plum Orchard
614:Cape Lookout
594:Bodie Island
504:June 1, 1966
280:Description
237:
215:
183:
158:
146:Gulf Islands
131:
72:
40:
39:
32:
15:
2305:Point Reyes
2290:Fire Island
2178:Find a Park
2147:January 22,
2125:January 22,
2081:January 22,
2059:January 22,
2037:January 22,
2015:January 22,
1993:January 22,
1971:January 22,
1949:January 22,
1927:January 22,
1905:January 22,
1883:January 22,
1861:January 22,
1839:January 18,
1449:January 28,
1339: /
1264: /
1192: /
1102:Gray whales
1098:Coast Miwok
1064: /
1025:Point Reyes
1009:least terns
980: /
907: /
882:Mississippi
848:Long Island
844:Fire Island
823: /
784:Fire Island
776:War of 1812
772:Eli Whitney
726: /
675:Outer Banks
653: /
604:, seabeach
590:Outer Banks
568: /
491: /
414: /
329: /
199:Outer Banks
150:Fire Island
127:lighthouses
119:Point Reyes
2561:Categories
2454:Grasslands
2321:Alagnak WR
2180:by the NPS
1509:August 13,
1403:References
1039:California
982:27; -97.38
758:'s ruined
367:sea rocket
227:Mission 66
2499:Preserves
2474:Monuments
2265:Canaveral
1504:0362-4331
1286:ice caves
1167:Wisconsin
1140:Location
1100:village.
778:battles.
760:Dungeness
375:Canaveral
271:Location
240:Canaveral
95:federally
26:, Florida
2494:Parkways
2366:Obed WSR
2270:Cape Cod
1755:March 8,
1371:See also
1361:moraines
1314:Michigan
1239:Michigan
1106:tule elk
1052:123°00′W
933:Geronimo
798:New York
754:estate,
606:amaranth
521:Cape Cod
452:Cape Cod
304:Virginia
300:Maryland
225:and the
142:Michigan
107:Superior
103:Michigan
99:Congress
77:has ten
2449:Forests
2171:of the
1327:86°01′W
1324:44°55′N
1252:86°19′W
1249:46°34′N
1180:90°40′W
1177:46°58′N
1049:38°00′N
968:97°23′W
965:27°00′N
895:86°58′W
892:30°22′N
878:Florida
811:72°59′W
808:40°42′N
764:Timucua
714:81°27′W
711:30°50′N
701:Georgia
641:76°32′W
638:34°37′N
556:75°31′W
553:35°18′N
479:70°00′W
476:41°57′N
402:80°47′W
399:28°46′N
389:Florida
317:75°13′W
314:38°05′N
248:Olympic
180:History
134:Florida
91:coastal
2514:Rivers
2218:, and
1774:. WBAA
1730:
1502:
1440:
1137:Image
1015:, and
929:Apache
268:Image
140:, and
93:areas
2489:Parks
2371:Ozark
1833:(PDF)
1826:(PDF)
1681:(PDF)
1639:(PDF)
1580:(PDF)
1532:(PDF)
1434:(PDF)
1146:Area
1134:Name
955:Texas
349:As a
277:Area
265:Name
2149:2011
2127:2011
2105:2023
2083:2011
2061:2011
2039:2011
2017:2011
1995:2011
1973:2011
1951:2011
1929:2011
1907:2011
1885:2011
1863:2011
1841:2010
1806:2019
1780:2019
1757:2021
1728:ISBN
1704:2019
1661:2019
1614:2019
1588:2019
1562:2019
1540:2019
1511:2020
1500:ISSN
1477:2019
1451:2017
1438:ISBN
1120:).
1108:and
1092:and
854:and
770:and
596:and
365:and
250:and
193:and
105:and
73:The
48:KML
2563::
1814:^
1797:.
1712:^
1622:^
1604:.
1519:^
1498:.
1494:.
1467:.
1410:^
1296:.
1011:,
880:,
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369:.
361:,
353:,
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136:,
117:.
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2406:v
2207:e
2200:t
2193:v
2151:.
2129:.
2107:.
2085:.
2063:.
2041:.
2019:.
1997:.
1975:.
1953:.
1931:.
1909:.
1887:.
1865:.
1843:.
1808:.
1782:.
1759:.
1736:.
1663:.
1616:.
1590:.
1564:.
1542:.
1513:.
1479:.
1453:.
1116:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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