974:
777:
1564:
1126:
2486:
1993:
2323:
709:
2279:
810:
1532:
1043:
927:
2240:
1157:
2124:
1667:
1444:
1006:
498:. From around 1723, his five ministers each had responsibility for a province and specific areas. At the same time, three ministers were always given the role of Justice Minister; They could only make important decisions together. The main tasks were nominating judges, training of lawyers, administration of the judicial apparatus (buildings and personnel), registries (especially the land registers) and advising the king. This system was maintained until 1737 and was later temporarily reactivated.
1491:
32:
1595:
1835:
2050:
2354:
1743:
2209:
2447:
1712:
517:, who worked with four other ministers. Typical responsibilities of these additional justice ministers were the management of the Criminal Department, the Military Justice System or the Justice Administration as well as the supervision of the Provincial Justice System. From 1762 until the 19th century, "spiritual matters" (churches and education) were also part of the remit of the Justice Ministers (
556:. Originally the General Directorate had five departments; the first four had regional competencies, while the fifth department dealt with judicial matters from all Prussian regions and directed and (secretly) controlled the other departments. This department was headed by Katsch. He is generally regarded as the first minister of justice of Prussia.
1371:) was formed as a separate entity which would deal with the revision of Prussia's laws. This ministry was, however, quickly abolished again in December 1819. The business of judicial organisation was transferred to the Immediate Justice Organisation Commission in Berlin (
2290:
Heine was appointed
Prussian minister of justice together with Kurt Rosenfeld. After Rosenfeld's resignation on 3 January 1919, he became the sole Prussian minister of justice until 25 March 1919. Heine could, however, not carry out his official duties and
3465:
1377:) and from 1823 onward all business was dealt with within one unified justice ministry. On 9 February 1832 the former idea of two separate entities was revived and by cabinet decree of the same date the Department for the Revision of Laws (
973:
776:
1777:, both ministers of justice (Savigny and Uhden) resigned their portfolios in March 1848 and their ministries were headed by one minister. With a royal decree dated 1 September 1848, the Ministry for the Revision of Laws (
2934:
Metschies, Kurt (2000). Jersch-Wenzel, Stefi; Metschies, Kurt; Elstner, Weltraud; Jähning, Bernhart; Jehle, Manfred; Konke, Meta; Lehmann, Joachim; Letkemann, Stefan; Schwarz, Johannes
Valentin; Strecke, Reinhart (eds.).
2010:
960:
763:
1387:
until 17 December 1838. From 1842 onward the department was again established as a separate and independent ministry (as the
Ministry for the Revision of Laws ); it was abolished in 1848.
992:
1821:
1085:
2460:
As Hölscher before him, Kerrl was at first appointed as Reich
Commissioner on 23 March 1933. He became an ordinary Prussian minister of justice on 21 April 1934. On 17 June 1934, the
2036:
1477:
167:
1550:
3179:
2997:"Die Geschichte der privatrechtlichen Kodifikationsbestrebungen in Deutschland und die Entstehungsgeschichte des Entwurfs eines bĂĽrgerlichen Gesetzbuchs fĂĽr das Deutsche Reich"
2340:
1196:
913:
828:
1232:
1310:
1274:
736:
526:
514:
2418:
As Reich
Commissioner for Prussia, Franz von Papen, appointed Hölscher to head the Prussian ministry of Justice as a Reich Commissioner. On 30 January 1933 Adolf Hitler
611:
1653:
1518:
1430:
857:
2141:
2110:
1891:
1112:
669:
did not use the title "Ministre Chef de
Justice" but left Cocceji in place and elevated his position to become the inaugural Prussian Grand Chancellor in 1747.
584:
422:
172:
162:
2398:
1581:
22:
1979:
1857:
439:
The office thereby existed during very different political contexts for
Prussia: From 1723 until 1806, while Prussia was – at least formally – part of the
1563:
2309:
1922:
217:
3796:
2169:
1678:
Beyme was the only minister of the First
Ministry of Justice for the revision of legislation and for the judicial organisation of the new provinces (
258:
513:), newly created in 1747. At times, there was also ongoing administration in parallel by other justice ministers; especially under Grand Chancellor
2292:
1361:
The modern
Prussian Ministry of Justice was formally founded as an independent entity by cabinet decree on 25 November 1808 during the time of the
646:
2503:(federalization) of the Prussian justice system, the administration of justice was transferred to the Reich in 1934 and 1935. On 1 April 1935 the
1953:
720:
Cocceji headed the
Prussian administration of justice as Ministre Chef de Justice (appointed on 5 November 1737) and was made Grand Chancellor (
665:
as "Ministre Chef de Justice" who should inspect all aspects of the Prussian administration of justice. After the death of Frederick William I,
2015:
2936:
2195:
378:
809:
2976:
1365:. On 3 November 1817 the First Ministry of Justice for the Revision of Laws and for the Judicial Organisation of the new Provinces (
3567:
3141:
3470:(in German). Vol. 3 (Vom Kaiserreich zum 20. Jahrhundert und Große Themen der Geschichte Preußens). De Gruyter. pp. 314–316.
3348:
3208:
3439:
3122:
1125:
965:
768:
3500:
3409:
2064:
3715:
Brandenburg-Preussens Rechtsverwaltung und Rechtsverfassung, dargestellt im Wirken seiner LandesfĂĽrsten und obersten Justizbeamten
3080:
3702:
3235:
3380:
2542:
Die Kurmark Brandenburg: ihr Zustand und ihre Verwaltung unmittelbar vor dem Ausbruch des französischen Kriegs im Oktober 1806
997:
351:
3791:
3786:
3767:
3740:
3483:
3419:
3332:
3319:(in German). Vol. III (Vom Kaiserreich zum 20. Jahrhundert und Große Themen der Geschichte Preußens). pp. 142–144.
3288:
2954:
1117:
1613:
1508:" the role of the minister of justice was restricted quite significantly vis-a-vis the role or the former Grand Chancellor.
1090:
708:
2345:
1390:
142:
96:
3314:
2322:
1992:
3275:. Deutsche Geschichtsquellen des 19. Und 20. Jahrhunderts (in German). Vol. 72. Duncker & Humblot. p. 457.
2485:
2041:
1943:
1912:
1878:
1847:
1774:
1482:
3063:
2262:
2278:
3636:
3577:
3547:
3512:
2239:
371:
224:
3661:
3594:
3097:
1555:
926:
2941:(in German). Vol. 5 (Geheimes Staatsarchiv PreuĂźischer Kulturbesitz, Teil II). K. G. Saur. pp. 108, 109.
1826:
1336:
417:
269:
132:
3752:
Woellner und das Religionsedikt: Kirchenpolitik und kirchliche Wirklichkeit im Preußen des späten 18. Jahrhunderts
1042:
3270:
1201:
1156:
918:
833:
1150:
952:
He requested his dismissal due to old age on 14 April 1763. His successor FĂĽrst was appointed on 26 April 1763.
522:
332:
327:
3184:
3047:
2606:
2585:
1490:
1237:
1005:
658:
553:
495:
253:
61:
56:
51:
1356:
1315:
1279:
741:
543:
400:
396:
157:
152:
127:
113:
1666:
1531:
1443:
1362:
868:
616:
364:
147:
2123:
867:
after the formation of the modern Prussian ministry of justice necessitated by the Prussian defeat at the
2072:
1658:
1614:
Prussian Ministry of Justice for the Revision of Laws or First Ministry of Justice (1817–1819, 1832–1848)
1523:
1435:
862:
448:
122:
91:
1391:
Prussian Ministry of Justice for the Administration of Justice or Second Ministry of Justice (1808–1848)
3385:
2200:
1736:
803:
197:
1681:
Erstes Justizministerium zur Revision der Gesetzgebung und zur Justizorganisation der neuen Provinzen
1368:
Erstes Justizministerium zur Revision der Gesetzgebung und zur Justizorganisation der neuen Provinzen
483:
137:
2540:
2146:
3666:
3599:
3102:
2115:
1896:
1783:) was formally abolished and its business transferred to the unified Prussian Ministry of Justice.
518:
460:
1883:
From 21 September 1848 to 24 September 1848 Undersecretary MĂĽller was acting minister of justice.
505:, the systematic drafting of laws began. This task was given to a Grand Chancellor (also known as
1594:
589:
427:
207:
117:
2403:
2089:
1742:
1701:
1586:
474:
The German Empire had a separate federal State Secretary of Justice since 1876, who headed the
212:
1834:
3713:
2419:
2258:
2257:
on 11 November 1918, the German monarchy was abolished and the Kingdom of Prussia became the
1984:
1862:
1023:). On 17 June 1764 he gained the spiritual department in Lutheran church and school matters (
456:
86:
2049:
1036:
482:. In 1919 the federal office became known as the Reich Minister of Justice, who headed the
337:
320:
292:
3691:
2353:
1711:
1357:
1808–1848: Foundation of a modern Ministry of Justice and its separation into two entities
8:
3213:
Ministerial-Blatt für die gessamte innere Verwaltung in den königlich preußischen Staaten
2374:
2314:
1927:
1505:über die veränderte Verfassung aller obersten Staatsbehörden in der Preußischen Monarchie
789:
666:
502:
3673:
3642:
3606:
3109:
2996:
2174:
2068:
854:) from 1789 to 1795 (see below) before he became Grand Chancellor and Chef de Justice.
793:
702:
662:
444:
202:
3569:
Der Dualismus Preussen versus Reich in der Weimarer Republik in Politik und Verwaltung
1182:) was restructured: There were now not four, but five ministers of state and justice (
3763:
3736:
3646:
3632:
3573:
3543:
3508:
3479:
3415:
3328:
3284:
2950:
2297:
2265:, Rosenfeld was appointed Prussian minister of justice together with Wolfgang Heine.
651:
440:
3755:
3728:
3725:
Biographisches Handbuch der preußischen Verwaltungs- und Justizbeamten 1740–1806/15
3624:
3533:
3471:
3320:
3276:
3008:
2942:
1958:
310:
192:
2479:
2368:
2208:
1174:). He was made head of the spiritual department in Lutheran and Catholic matters.
433:
3012:
2446:
2387:
2382:
477:
464:
3530:
Justiz im Dritten Reich 1933-1940: Anpassung und Unterwerfung in der Ă„ra GĂĽrtner
1754:
Savigny headed the reestablished independent Ministry for the Revision of Laws (
3042:
2601:
2580:
2468:
2272:
2233:
1729:(Department for the Revision of Laws) within the Prussian ministry of justice.
1384:
3759:
3628:
3366:
Deutsche Verfassungsgeschichte seit 1789: Struktur und Krisen des Kaiserreichs
3280:
672:
3780:
452:
315:
2610:(in German). Vol. 15. Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot. pp. 453–455.
2589:(in German). Vol. 15. Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot. pp. 453–455.
1455:
Beyme was the first minister of justice with a unified ministry of justice (
3603:(in German). Vol. 11. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot. pp. 534–534.
3188:(in German), vol. 22, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 468–469
3106:(in German). Vol. 11. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot. pp. 638–639.
3051:(in German). Vol. 2. Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot. pp. 601–605.
2423:
468:
3732:
3670:(in German). Vol. 7. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot. pp. 288–289.
3621:
Das "Gemeinschaftslager Hanns Kerrl" fĂĽr Referendare in JĂĽterbog 1933-1939
3538:
3475:
3324:
2946:
821:
Carmer was dispensed from his duties at his own request by Frederick II.
31:
3505:
Das Oberlandesgericht Köln zwischen dem Rheinland, Frankreich und Preußen
2812:
2466:(federalization) of the Prussian justice system started and Kerrl became
2440:
2254:
2655:
2653:
2509:
was completed and the office of Prussian minister of justice abolished.
1695:
No Prussian ministry of justice for the revision of legislation existed.
2938:
Quellen zur Geschichte der Juden in den Archiven der neuen Bundesländer
2497:
GĂĽrtner held the office only in a caretaker capacity because after the
2378:
1686:
It was his second term as minister of justice (first term: 1808–1810).
1060:) on 18 November 1770 with responsibility for the criminal department (
2650:
3368:(in German) (2 ed.). W. Kohlhammer. pp. 289 (Footnote 10).
3503:. In Haferkamp, Hans-Peter; Gräfin von Schwerin, Margarete (eds.).
661:
reorganized the Prussian administration of justice and established
3411:
Groß-Berliner Arbeiter- und Soldatenräte in der Revolution 1918/19
1029:). He was succeeded by Zedlitz in this office on 18 January 1771.
3019:
1260:
He was succeeded as head of the department for criminal matters (
1068:
Zedlitz was also made head of the Lutheran spiritual department (
3250:
3065:
Geschichte der preussischen Staats-Besteuerung im 19. Jahrhunder
2776:
2764:
1026:
Geistliches Departement in lutherischen Kirchen- und Schulsachen
3161:
3159:
3142:"Ăśber die Aussetzung und Teilung gerichtlich erkannter Strafen"
2626:
1461:) and the last with the traditional title of Grand Chancellor (
1137:
Reck (sometimes Recke) was made minister of state and justice (
1105:
Minister of Justice of the French Colony and Spiritual Affairs
3236:"Allhöchste Kabinetsordre vom 20. März 1848 (No 97 and No 98)"
2978:
PreuĂźen in staatsrechtlicher Beziehung. Das innere Staatsrecht
2754:
2752:
494:
Modern ministerial administration began in Prussia under King
1383:) was formed, which also dealt with judicial business of the
639:
3156:
3082:
Die Kabinetsregierung in Preussen und Johann Wilhelm Lombard
2562:
2560:
3704:
Brandenburg-Preussens Rechtsverwaltung und Rechtsverfassung
3532:(3 ed.). Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag. p. 132.
3408:
Engel, Gerhard; Holtz, Bärbel; Materna, Ingo, eds. (1993).
3353:(in German). Vol. 25. R. v. Decker. 1902. p. 202.
2908:
2872:
2860:
2788:
2749:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2708:
2696:
2684:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2638:
1224:
On 7 February 1795 he became Grand Chancellor (see above).
673:
Ministres Chef de Justice and Grand Chancellors (1737–1808)
1768:
2896:
2557:
3414:(in German). Akademie Verlag. pp. 36 (footnote 7).
3123:"Allerhöchste Kabinetsordre vom 23. April 1825 (No 930)"
2884:
2824:
2800:
2720:
2665:
459:
since 1918). The empire itself was a monarchy until its
3240:
Ministerial-Blatt fĂĽr die Preussische innere Verwaltung
3146:
Justiz-Ministerialblatt fĂĽr die preuĂźische Gesetzgebung
2848:
2836:
1469:
He later became minister of justice again (1817–1819).
2614:
443:. From 1806 until 1871 as an office of an independent
409:) in 1723 until the completion of the federalization (
168:
Ministry of Spiritual, Educational and Medical Affairs
1074:) on 18 January 1771 and held it until 3 July 1788.
432:(1723–1729) and the last caretaker of the office was
3127:
Gesetzsammlung für die Königlich-Preußischen Staaten
2599:
2578:
2302:
was acting as Prussian minister of justice for him.
3693:
Geschichte des Königlichen Ober-Tribunals zu Berlin
3592:
549:
General-Ober-Finanz-Kriegs-und Domainen-Direktorium
406:
General-Ober-Finanz-Kriegs-und Domainen-Direktorium
1374:Immediat-Justiz-Organisations-Kommission zu Berlin
537:
3659:
3572:(in German). BoD – Books on Demand. p. 458.
3501:"Die rheinischen Obergerichte im Wandel der Zeit"
3407:
3095:
2981:(in German). Johann Urban Kern. pp. 223–224.
985:Management of the judiciary in several provinces
259:Prussian Landtag elections in the Weimar Republic
3778:
3177:
1543:Danckelmann died in office on 29 December 1830.
1188:): Zedlitz, Carmer, Dörnberg, Reck and Wöllner.
1176:With his appointment the department of justice (
1054:Zedlitz was made minister of state and justice (
944:) with responsibility for criminal law matters (
3707:(in German). Vol. 1. Berlin: Franz Vahlen.
2534:
2532:
1812:(Sovereign) Kingdom of Prussia era (1806–1879)
1644:(Sovereign) Kingdom of Prussia era (1806–1879)
1421:(Sovereign) Kingdom of Prussia era (1806–1879)
1302:He headed the spiritual and school department.
1266:) by grand chancellor Goldbeck on 15 July 1802
1143:) in 1784 to replace the deceased MĂĽnchhausen.
1017:MĂĽnchhausen was minister of state and justice (
3440:"Personalverhältnisse der Juristen in Preußen"
3689:
3256:
3165:
3025:
2770:
2632:
1723:Kamptz was the only minister of the separate
372:
3718:(in German). Vol. 2. Berlin: F. Vahlen.
3350:Jahrbuch der preussischen Gerichtsverfassung
2529:
2504:
2498:
2461:
2366:
1778:
1755:
1724:
1679:
1510:Kircheisen died in office on 18 March 1825.
1503:
1462:
1456:
1378:
1372:
1366:
1295:
1261:
1253:
1217:
1216:Goldbeck was minister of state and justice (
1183:
1177:
1169:
1138:
1077:He was dismissed in 1789 on his own wishes.
1069:
1061:
1055:
1024:
1018:
945:
939:
938:Bismarck was minister of state and justice (
849:
848:Goldbeck was minister of state and justice (
721:
547:
475:
415:) of the Prussian justice system during the
410:
404:
173:Ministry of Agriculture, Domains and Forests
163:Ministry of Trade, Commerce and Public Works
3040:
1168:Wöllner was minister of state and justice (
3749:
3618:
3463:
3437:
3312:
2974:
2890:
2866:
2818:
2806:
2063:On 18 January 1871, the German Empire was
1502:Due to the Regulation of 27 October 1810 "
1294:Massow was minister of state and justice (
640:1737–1817: Ministers and Grand Chancellors
379:
365:
3690:Sonnenschmidt, Friedrich Hermann (1879).
3537:
3527:
3139:
2933:
2538:
1300:) and succeeded Wöllner in 2 April 1798.
1252:Arnim was minister of state and justice (
447:. And from 1871 onward as an office of a
3797:Lists of government ministers of Prussia
3722:
3711:
3700:
3268:
2994:
2914:
2902:
2878:
2854:
2842:
2830:
2794:
2782:
2758:
2743:
2714:
2702:
2690:
2678:
2659:
2644:
2620:
2566:
2539:Bassewitz, Magnus Friedrich von (1847).
2432:
2225:
2081:
2011:Leopold zur Lippe-Biesterfeld-WeiĂźenfeld
1810:
1693:
1642:
1419:
489:
3498:
3378:
3085:(in German). pp. 393 (Footnote 1).
3061:
1769:1848–1935: Prussian Ministry of Justice
3779:
3078:
3036:
3034:
2970:
2968:
2966:
3754:(in German). TĂĽbingen: Mphr Siebeck.
3565:
3561:
3559:
3459:
3457:
3433:
3431:
3363:
3308:
3306:
3304:
3302:
3300:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3197:
3195:
2990:
2988:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2923:
2377:replaced the Prussian government of
1780:Ministerium fĂĽr die Gesetzesrevision
1757:Ministerium fĂĽr die Gesetzesrevision
1071:Lutherisches geistliches Departement
532:
421:in 1935. The first officeholder was
393:list of justice ministers of Prussia
3467:Handbuch der PreuĂźischen Geschichte
3316:Handbuch der preuĂźischen Geschichte
3098:"Kircheisen, Friedrich Leopold von"
3031:
2963:
961:Maximilian von FĂĽrst und Kupferberg
764:Maximilian von FĂĽrst und Kupferberg
13:
3712:Stölzel, Adolf Friedrich (1888b).
3701:Stölzel, Adolf Friedrich (1888a).
3556:
3464:Neugebauer, Wolfgang, ed. (2000).
3454:
3428:
3313:Neugebauer, Wolfgang, ed. (2001).
3297:
3223:
3192:
2985:
2920:
2391:(Reich Commissioner for Prussia).
1822:Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig Bornemann
14:
3808:
3507:(in German). Böhlau. p. 85.
3209:"Sachregister: Justizministerium"
1804:
1636:
1413:
906:
695:
577:
467:and finally was transformed into
2484:
2445:
2385:on 20 July 1932. Papen acted as
2373:(the 1932 Prussian coup d'Ă©tat)
2352:
2321:
2277:
2238:
2207:
2122:
2048:
2037:Gerhard Adolph Wilhelm Leonhardt
1991:
1833:
1741:
1710:
1665:
1593:
1562:
1530:
1489:
1478:Friedrich Leopold von Kircheisen
1442:
1337:Friedrich Wilhelm von Thulemeyer
1155:
1124:
1041:
1004:
993:Ernst Friedemann von MĂĽnchhausen
972:
925:
808:
775:
707:
30:
3653:
3612:
3586:
3521:
3492:
3401:
3379:Neubach, Helmut (22 May 1846).
3372:
3357:
3341:
3262:
3171:
3133:
3115:
3089:
3072:
3055:
2821:, pp. 58, 89 Footnote 481.
2227:Weimar Republic era (1918–1933)
1944:German revolutions of 1848–1849
1913:German revolutions of 1848–1849
1879:German revolutions of 1848–1849
1848:German revolutions of 1848–1849
1775:German revolutions of 1848–1849
1726:Department fĂĽr Gesetzesrevision
1380:Department fĂĽr Gesetzesrevision
1086:Wolfgang Ferdinand von Dörnberg
538:1723–1737: Collegiate Principle
3696:(in German). Berlin: Heymanns.
3272:Der König und sein Beichtvater
3185:Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie
3048:Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie
2662:, pp. 121, 122, 166, 233.
2607:Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie
2600:Isaacsohn, Siegfried (1882). "
2593:
2586:Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie
2579:Isaacsohn, Siegfried (1882). "
2572:
2263:German Revolution of 1918–1919
880:
463:in 1918, before it became the
254:Prussian three-class franchise
1:
3001:Archiv fĂĽr BĂĽrgerliches Recht
2517:
2083:German Empire era (1871–1918)
1858:Karl Anton Maerker (Maercker)
1760:) and was its sole minister.
397:Prussian ministers of justice
3792:Justice ministers of Prussia
3787:Justice ministers by country
3593:Nicolaisen, Carsten (1977).
3364:Huber, Ernst Rudolf (1978).
3013:10.48644/mpirg_escidoc_92074
2522:
2493:
2490:
2483:
2456:
2451:
2444:
2434:Nazi Germany era (1933–1935)
2414:
2411:
2409:
2361:
2358:
2351:
2330:
2327:
2320:
2286:
2283:
2276:
2249:
2244:
2237:
2216:
2213:
2206:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2159:
2154:
2152:
2131:
2128:
2121:
2100:
2095:
2093:
2057:
2054:
2047:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2000:
1997:
1990:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1602:
1599:
1592:
1571:
1568:
1561:
1539:
1536:
1529:
1498:
1495:
1488:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1197:Heinrich Julius von Goldbeck
1164:
1161:
1154:
1151:Johann Christoph von Wöllner
1133:
1130:
1123:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1050:
1047:
1040:
1013:
1010:
1003:
914:Levin Friedrich von Bismarck
829:Heinrich Julius von Goldbeck
716:
713:
706:
148:Ministry of Interior Affairs
7:
3619:Schmerbach, Folker (2008).
3269:Baumgart, Winfried (2016).
2388:Reichskommissar fĂĽr PreuĂźen
1551:Heinrich Gottlob von MĂĽhler
1233:Albrecht Heinrich von Arnim
792:due to his handling of the
143:Minister of Foreign Affairs
10:
3813:
3683:
3660:Gruchmann, Lothar (1966).
3623:(in German). p. 280.
3528:Gruchmann, Lothar (2002).
3386:Konrad Adenauer Foundation
3178:Wippermann, Karl (1885), "
3096:Skalweit, Stephan (1977).
1737:Friedrich Carl von Savigny
1311:Johann Ludwig von Dorville
1275:Julius Eberhard von Massow
804:Johann Heinrich von Carmer
737:Philipp Joseph von Jariges
507:Senior Minister of Justice
3760:10.1628/978-3-16-151060-1
3727:(in German). K. G. Saur.
3629:10.1628/978-3-16-160392-1
3444:Deutsche Juristen-Zeitung
3281:10.3790/978-3-428-55044-9
3068:(in German). p. 181.
3043:Beyme, Karl Friedrich von
1800:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1297:Etats- und Justizminister
1255:Etats- und Justizminister
1222:) and succeeded Zedlitz.
1219:Etats- und Justizminister
1185:Etats- und Justizminister
1171:Etats- und Justizminister
1140:Etats- und Justizminister
1057:Etats- und Justizminister
1020:Etats- und Justizminister
941:Etats- und Justizminister
851:Etats- und Justizminister
691:
688:
685:
682:
679:
612:Johann Moritz von Viebahn
573:
570:
567:
564:
561:
484:Reich Ministry of Justice
399:from the founding of the
328:1932 Prussian coup d'Ă©tat
3750:Wiggermann, Uta (2010).
3667:Neue Deutsche Biographie
3600:Neue Deutsche Biographie
3499:Strauch, Dieter (2019).
3103:Neue Deutsche Biographie
3079:HĂĽffer, Hermann (1891).
2975:v. Oesfeld, Max (1858).
2785:, pp. 165, 241–242.
1654:Carl Friedrich von Beyme
1519:Heinrich von Danckelmann
1431:Carl Friedrich von Beyme
1363:Stein–Hardenberg Reforms
869:Battle of Jena–Auerstedt
858:Carl Friedrich von Beyme
756:Jariges died in office.
728:Cocceji died in office.
657:) dated 5 November 1737
631:Viebahn died in office.
287:Administrative divisions
225:House of Representatives
3723:Straubel, Rolf (2009).
1773:During the time of the
788:FĂĽrst was dismissed by
604:Katsch died in office.
333:Reichsstatthaltergesetz
3566:Klaus, Helmut (2006).
3062:Mamroth, Karl (1890).
2505:
2499:
2462:
2367:
2090:Heinrich von Friedberg
1779:
1756:
1725:
1680:
1504:
1463:
1457:
1379:
1373:
1367:
1296:
1262:
1254:
1218:
1184:
1178:
1170:
1139:
1070:
1062:
1056:
1025:
1019:
946:
940:
850:
722:
548:
476:
411:
405:
3733:10.1515/9783598441301
3539:10.1524/9783486595475
3476:10.1515/9783110906691
3325:10.1515/9783110906691
3041:Caro, Jakob (1875). "
2995:Schwartz, E. (1889).
2947:10.1515/9783110961799
2602:Katsch, Christoph von
2581:Katsch, Christoph von
2545:. Leipzig. p. 44
2259:Free State of Prussia
2111:Hermann von Schelling
1892:Gustav Wilhelm Kisker
1113:Eberhard von der Reck
490:History of the office
457:Free State of Prussia
133:Deputy Prime Minister
87:House of Hohenzollern
3180:MĂĽhler, Heinrich von
3028:, pp. 164, 171.
1942:Minister during the
1911:Minister during the
1877:Minister during the
1846:Minister during the
1037:Karl Abraham Zedlitz
856:He was succeeded by
585:Christoph von Katsch
423:Christoph von Katsch
321:German General Staff
3438:Lindenberg (1920).
3259:, pp. 262–263.
2917:, pp. 624–625.
2881:, pp. 313–314.
2797:, pp. 241–242.
2773:, pp. 163–164.
2761:, pp. 323–324.
2717:, pp. 165–166.
2705:, pp. 288–289.
2647:, p. 121, 122.
2635:, pp. 431–432.
2472:without Portfolio.
2375:Paul von Hindenburg
2365:As a result of the
2142:Karl von Schönstedt
1582:Alexander von Uhden
1263:Kriminaldepartement
1063:Kriminaldepartement
726:) on 8 March 1747.
667:Frederick the Great
659:Frederick William I
644:By cabinet decree (
554:Frederick William I
544:General Directorate
496:Frederick William I
401:General Directorate
158:Ministry of Justice
153:Ministry of Finance
114:General Directorate
97:Heirs to the throne
23:Politics of Prussia
3257:Sonnenschmidt 1879
3166:Sonnenschmidt 1879
3140:von BĂĽlow (1875).
3026:Sonnenschmidt 1879
2771:Sonnenschmidt 1879
2693:, p. 461-462.
2633:Sonnenschmidt 1879
2069:Kingdom of Prussia
1980:August von Bernuth
1905:24 September 1848
1874:21 September 1848
1704:Christoph Heinrich
1600:25 September 1844
1051:17 December 1789
1011:19 September 1763
885:Justizdepartement
794:Miller Arnold case
703:Samuel von Cocceji
663:Samuel von Cocceji
445:Kingdom of Prussia
128:Minister President
3769:978-3-16-150186-9
3742:978-3-598-44130-1
3485:978-3-11-090669-1
3421:978-3-05-006883-1
3334:978-3-11-014092-7
3290:978-3-428-55044-9
2956:978-3-11-096179-9
2905:, pp. 14–15.
2869:, pp. 88–89.
2569:, p. 94, 97.
2515:
2514:
2399:Heinrich Hölscher
2284:29 November 1918
2253:After the end of
2245:27 November 1918
2217:27 November 1918
2183:21 November 1905
2160:21 November 1905
2155:13 November 1894
2132:14 November 1894
1998:16 December 1860
1936:11 November 1848
1766:
1765:
1748:28 February 1842
1720:28 February 1842
1675:31 December 1819
1611:
1610:
1540:29 December 1830
1449:25 November 1808
1354:
1353:
1210:11 December 1789
1179:Justizdepartement
1131:31 December 1784
1048:18 November 1770
932:20 December 1746
878:
877:
815:25 December 1779
785:11 December 1779
782:14 November 1770
637:
636:
552:) was founded by
533:List of ministers
441:Holy Roman Empire
389:
388:
198:National Assembly
3804:
3773:
3746:
3719:
3708:
3697:
3677:
3674:full text online
3671:
3662:"GĂĽrtner, Franz"
3657:
3651:
3650:
3616:
3610:
3607:full text online
3604:
3590:
3584:
3583:
3563:
3554:
3553:
3541:
3525:
3519:
3518:
3496:
3490:
3489:
3461:
3452:
3451:
3435:
3426:
3425:
3405:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3376:
3370:
3369:
3361:
3355:
3354:
3345:
3339:
3338:
3310:
3295:
3294:
3266:
3260:
3254:
3248:
3247:
3232:
3221:
3220:
3205:
3190:
3189:
3175:
3169:
3163:
3154:
3153:
3137:
3131:
3130:
3119:
3113:
3110:full text online
3107:
3093:
3087:
3086:
3076:
3070:
3069:
3059:
3053:
3052:
3038:
3029:
3023:
3017:
3016:
2992:
2983:
2982:
2972:
2961:
2960:
2931:
2918:
2912:
2906:
2900:
2894:
2888:
2882:
2876:
2870:
2864:
2858:
2852:
2846:
2840:
2834:
2828:
2822:
2816:
2810:
2804:
2798:
2792:
2786:
2780:
2774:
2768:
2762:
2756:
2747:
2741:
2718:
2712:
2706:
2700:
2694:
2688:
2682:
2681:, p. XXXIV.
2676:
2663:
2657:
2648:
2642:
2636:
2630:
2624:
2618:
2612:
2611:
2597:
2591:
2590:
2576:
2570:
2564:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2536:
2508:
2502:
2488:
2465:
2449:
2407:
2372:
2356:
2349:
2325:
2318:
2310:Hugo am Zehnhoff
2301:
2281:
2242:
2211:
2204:
2178:
2150:
2129:31 January 1889
2126:
2119:
2101:17 January 1889
2096:29 October 1879
2058:29 October 1879
2055:5 December 1867
2052:
2045:
2027:1 December 1867
2019:
1995:
1988:
1970:1 December 1860
1962:
1931:
1923:Wilhelm Rintelen
1908:8 November 1848
1900:
1866:
1837:
1830:
1806:
1786:
1785:
1782:
1759:
1745:
1728:
1717:9 February 1832
1714:
1683:
1672:3 November 1817
1669:
1662:
1638:
1618:
1617:
1597:
1590:
1569:9 February 1832
1566:
1559:
1534:
1527:
1507:
1493:
1486:
1466:
1460:
1446:
1439:
1415:
1395:
1394:
1382:
1376:
1370:
1319:
1299:
1283:
1265:
1257:
1241:
1221:
1213:7 February 1795
1205:
1187:
1181:
1173:
1159:
1142:
1128:
1121:
1099:28 Februar 1771
1094:
1073:
1065:
1059:
1045:
1028:
1022:
1008:
1001:
976:
969:
949:
943:
929:
922:
908:
888:
887:
866:
853:
842:7 February 1795
837:
812:
779:
772:
745:
725:
717:24 October 1755
714:5 November 1737
711:
697:
677:
676:
655:
620:
593:
579:
559:
558:
551:
481:
431:
414:
408:
381:
374:
367:
123:State Chancellor
34:
18:
17:
3812:
3811:
3807:
3806:
3805:
3803:
3802:
3801:
3777:
3776:
3770:
3743:
3686:
3681:
3680:
3658:
3654:
3639:
3617:
3613:
3591:
3587:
3580:
3564:
3557:
3550:
3526:
3522:
3515:
3497:
3493:
3486:
3462:
3455:
3436:
3429:
3422:
3406:
3402:
3392:
3390:
3377:
3373:
3362:
3358:
3347:
3346:
3342:
3335:
3311:
3298:
3291:
3267:
3263:
3255:
3251:
3234:
3233:
3224:
3207:
3206:
3193:
3176:
3172:
3164:
3157:
3138:
3134:
3121:
3120:
3116:
3094:
3090:
3077:
3073:
3060:
3056:
3039:
3032:
3024:
3020:
2993:
2986:
2973:
2964:
2957:
2932:
2921:
2913:
2909:
2901:
2897:
2891:Wiggermann 2010
2889:
2885:
2877:
2873:
2867:Wiggermann 2010
2865:
2861:
2853:
2849:
2841:
2837:
2833:, p. 1136.
2829:
2825:
2819:Wiggermann 2010
2817:
2813:
2807:Wiggermann 2010
2805:
2801:
2793:
2789:
2781:
2777:
2769:
2765:
2757:
2750:
2746:, p. XXXV.
2742:
2721:
2713:
2709:
2701:
2697:
2689:
2685:
2677:
2666:
2658:
2651:
2643:
2639:
2631:
2627:
2619:
2615:
2598:
2594:
2577:
2573:
2565:
2558:
2548:
2546:
2537:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2506:Verreichlichung
2500:Verreichlichung
2463:Verreichlichung
2422:and the era of
2401:
2383:Franz von Papen
2343:
2341:Hermann Schmidt
2312:
2295:
2250:3 January 1919
2198:
2172:
2170:Max von Beseler
2144:
2113:
2075:of the Empire.
2039:
2013:
1982:
1956:
1925:
1894:
1860:
1824:
1771:
1656:
1616:
1584:
1572:18 August 1844
1553:
1521:
1480:
1458:Chef der Justiz
1433:
1393:
1359:
1313:
1277:
1235:
1199:
1115:
1088:
995:
963:
916:
883:
860:
845:26 August 1807
831:
818:7 January 1795
766:
753:9 October 1770
739:
675:
649:
642:
614:
587:
540:
535:
511:Chef of Justice
492:
478:Reichsjustizamt
465:Weimar Republic
425:
418:Gleichschaltung
412:Verreichlichung
385:
356:
352:Other countries
343:
342:
306:
298:
297:
288:
280:
279:
274:
249:
248:
232:
231:
188:
180:
179:
138:Ministry of War
110:
109:
83:
82:
76:
68:
67:
66:
46:
25:
12:
11:
5:
3810:
3800:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3775:
3774:
3768:
3747:
3741:
3720:
3709:
3698:
3685:
3682:
3679:
3678:
3652:
3637:
3611:
3595:"Kerrl, Hanns"
3585:
3578:
3555:
3548:
3520:
3513:
3491:
3484:
3453:
3427:
3420:
3400:
3371:
3356:
3340:
3333:
3296:
3289:
3261:
3249:
3222:
3191:
3170:
3168:, p. 216.
3155:
3132:
3114:
3088:
3071:
3054:
3030:
3018:
2984:
2962:
2955:
2919:
2907:
2895:
2883:
2871:
2859:
2857:, p. 776.
2847:
2845:, p. 217.
2835:
2823:
2811:
2799:
2787:
2775:
2763:
2748:
2719:
2707:
2695:
2683:
2664:
2649:
2637:
2625:
2623:, p. 104.
2613:
2592:
2571:
2556:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2495:
2494:31 March 1935
2492:
2489:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2469:Reichsminister
2458:
2455:
2452:23 March 1933
2450:
2443:
2437:
2436:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2416:
2415:23 March 1933
2413:
2410:
2408:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2350:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2328:25 March 1919
2326:
2319:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2293:Hugo Heinemann
2288:
2287:25 March 1919
2285:
2282:
2275:
2273:Wolfgang Heine
2269:
2268:
2266:
2251:
2248:
2243:
2236:
2234:Kurt Rosenfeld
2230:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2214:6 August 1917
2212:
2205:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2186:5 August 1917
2184:
2181:
2179:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2153:
2151:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2120:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2094:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2061:
2056:
2053:
2046:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2024:17 March 1862
2022:
2020:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2001:17 March 1862
1999:
1996:
1989:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1967:10 April 1849
1965:
1963:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1940:
1939:10 April 1849
1937:
1934:
1932:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1844:
1841:
1840:20 March 1848
1838:
1831:
1818:
1817:
1808:
1807:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1752:
1751:20 March 1848
1749:
1746:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1708:
1698:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1663:
1650:
1649:
1640:
1639:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1603:20 March 1848
1601:
1598:
1591:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1560:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1537:23 April 1825
1535:
1528:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1500:
1499:18 March 1825
1497:
1494:
1487:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1440:
1427:
1426:
1417:
1416:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1392:
1389:
1385:Rhine Province
1358:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1122:
1109:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1030:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1002:
989:
988:
986:
983:
980:
979:26 April 1763
977:
970:
957:
956:
954:
947:Criminalsachen
936:
935:14 April 1763
933:
930:
923:
910:
909:
904:
901:
898:
895:
892:
882:
879:
876:
875:
873:
846:
843:
840:
838:
825:
824:
822:
819:
816:
813:
806:
800:
799:
797:
786:
783:
780:
773:
760:
759:
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750:November 1755
748:
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732:
730:
718:
715:
712:
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699:
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690:
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647:Kabinettsordre
641:
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623:
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531:
491:
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305:Related topics
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208:House of Lords
200:
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118:State Ministry
105:
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3669:
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3663:
3656:
3648:
3644:
3640:
3638:9783161495854
3634:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3615:
3608:
3602:
3601:
3596:
3589:
3581:
3579:9783936999235
3575:
3571:
3570:
3562:
3560:
3551:
3549:9783486538335
3545:
3540:
3535:
3531:
3524:
3516:
3514:9783412513146
3510:
3506:
3502:
3495:
3487:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3468:
3460:
3458:
3449:
3446:(in German).
3445:
3441:
3434:
3432:
3423:
3417:
3413:
3412:
3404:
3388:
3387:
3382:
3381:"Peter Spahn"
3375:
3367:
3360:
3352:
3351:
3344:
3336:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3317:
3309:
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3301:
3292:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3273:
3265:
3258:
3253:
3245:
3242:(in German).
3241:
3237:
3231:
3229:
3227:
3218:
3215:(in German).
3214:
3210:
3204:
3202:
3200:
3198:
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3187:
3186:
3181:
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3058:
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3035:
3027:
3022:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3003:(in German).
3002:
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2991:
2989:
2980:
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2971:
2969:
2967:
2958:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2939:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2924:
2916:
2915:Straubel 2009
2911:
2904:
2903:Straubel 2009
2899:
2893:, p. 66.
2892:
2887:
2880:
2879:Stölzel 1888b
2875:
2868:
2863:
2856:
2855:Straubel 2009
2851:
2844:
2843:Straubel 2009
2839:
2832:
2831:Straubel 2009
2827:
2820:
2815:
2809:, p. 58.
2808:
2803:
2796:
2795:Stölzel 1888b
2791:
2784:
2783:Stölzel 1888b
2779:
2772:
2767:
2760:
2759:Straubel 2009
2755:
2753:
2745:
2744:Stölzel 1888a
2740:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2716:
2715:Straubel 2009
2711:
2704:
2703:Straubel 2009
2699:
2692:
2691:Straubel 2009
2687:
2680:
2679:Stölzel 1888a
2675:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2661:
2660:Stölzel 1888b
2656:
2654:
2646:
2645:Stölzel 1888b
2641:
2634:
2629:
2622:
2621:Stölzel 1888b
2617:
2609:
2608:
2603:
2596:
2588:
2587:
2582:
2575:
2568:
2567:Stölzel 1888b
2563:
2561:
2544:
2543:
2535:
2533:
2528:
2511:
2507:
2501:
2496:
2491:17 June 1934
2487:
2481:
2480:Franz GĂĽrtner
2478:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2464:
2459:
2457:17 June 1934
2454:
2448:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2435:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2405:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2389:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2371:
2370:
2369:PreuĂźenschlag
2364:
2362:29 July 1932
2359:5 March 1927
2355:
2347:
2342:
2339:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2331:5 March 1927
2324:
2316:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2280:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2261:. During the
2260:
2256:
2252:
2247:
2241:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2228:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2210:
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2197:
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2188:
2176:
2171:
2168:
2167:
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2148:
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2136:
2134:
2125:
2117:
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2109:
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2035:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2017:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2005:
2003:
1994:
1986:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1960:
1955:
1954:Ludwig Simons
1952:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1941:
1929:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1910:
1898:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1871:25 June 1848
1864:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1845:
1843:25 June 1848
1842:
1839:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1809:
1803:
1787:
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1396:
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1326:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:2 April 1798
1281:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1256:
1251:
1249:15 July 1802
1239:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1203:
1198:
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1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1180:
1172:
1167:
1158:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1141:
1136:
1127:
1119:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1092:
1087:
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1080:
1078:
1075:
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1064:
1058:
1053:
1044:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1031:
1027:
1021:
1016:
1007:
999:
994:
991:
990:
987:
984:
981:
978:
975:
971:
967:
962:
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958:
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953:
948:
942:
937:
934:
931:
928:
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920:
915:
912:
911:
905:
902:
899:
896:
893:
890:
889:
886:
874:
872:
870:
864:
859:
852:
847:
844:
841:
839:
835:
830:
827:
826:
823:
820:
817:
814:
811:
807:
805:
802:
801:
798:
795:
791:
787:
784:
781:
778:
774:
770:
765:
762:
761:
758:
755:
752:
749:
747:
743:
738:
735:
734:
731:
729:
724:
719:
710:
704:
701:
700:
694:
678:
670:
668:
664:
660:
656:
653:
648:
633:
630:
627:
624:
622:
618:
613:
610:
609:
606:
603:
600:
598:January 1723
597:
595:
591:
586:
583:
582:
576:
560:
557:
555:
550:
545:
542:In 1723, the
530:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
499:
497:
487:
485:
480:
479:
472:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
453:German Empire
450:
446:
442:
437:
436:(1934–1935).
435:
434:Franz GĂĽrtner
429:
424:
420:
419:
413:
407:
402:
398:
394:
382:
377:
375:
370:
368:
363:
362:
360:
359:
353:
350:
349:
347:
346:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
322:
319:
318:
317:
316:Prussian Army
314:
312:
309:
308:
302:
301:
294:
291:
290:
284:
283:
271:
268:
267:
265:
264:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
251:
244:
241:
240:
236:
235:
226:
223:
219:
216:
215:
214:
213:State Council
211:
209:
206:
205:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
190:
184:
183:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
159:
156:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
141:
139:
136:
134:
131:
130:
129:
126:
124:
121:
119:
115:
112:
111:
108:
98:
95:
94:
93:
90:
89:
88:
85:
84:
81:
72:
71:
63:
60:
58:
55:
53:
50:
49:
42:
41:
38:
37:
33:
29:
28:
24:
20:
19:
16:
3751:
3724:
3714:
3703:
3692:
3672:; (
3665:
3655:
3620:
3614:
3605:; (
3598:
3588:
3568:
3529:
3523:
3504:
3494:
3466:
3447:
3443:
3410:
3403:
3391:. Retrieved
3384:
3374:
3365:
3359:
3349:
3343:
3315:
3271:
3264:
3252:
3243:
3239:
3216:
3212:
3183:
3173:
3149:
3145:
3135:
3126:
3117:
3108:; (
3101:
3091:
3081:
3074:
3064:
3057:
3046:
3021:
3004:
3000:
2977:
2937:
2910:
2898:
2886:
2874:
2862:
2850:
2838:
2826:
2814:
2802:
2790:
2778:
2766:
2710:
2698:
2686:
2640:
2628:
2616:
2605:
2595:
2584:
2574:
2547:. Retrieved
2541:
2467:
2453:
2433:
2424:Nazi Germany
2420:seized power
2386:
2246:
2226:
2156:
2097:
2082:
2059:
1882:
1813:
1811:
1772:
1703:
1702:Karl Albert
1694:
1685:
1645:
1643:
1509:
1496:9 June 1810
1468:
1452:4 June 1810
1422:
1420:
1360:
1301:
1259:
1223:
1175:
1162:3 July 1788
1076:
1067:
951:
884:
855:
790:Frederick II
727:
645:
643:
541:
510:
506:
503:Frederick II
500:
493:
473:
469:Nazi Germany
438:
416:
392:
390:
106:
79:
45:Constitution
15:
3389:(in German)
3246:: 90. 1848.
3219:: 24. 1848.
3129:: 40. 1825.
2441:Hanns Kerrl
2402: [
2344: [
2313: [
2296: [
2255:World War I
2199: [
2196:Peter Spahn
2173: [
2145: [
2114: [
2040: [
2014: [
1983: [
1957: [
1926: [
1895: [
1861: [
1825: [
1814:(continued)
1795:Term Start
1657: [
1646:(continued)
1627:Term Start
1585: [
1554: [
1522: [
1481: [
1464:GroĂźkanzler
1434: [
1423:(continued)
1404:Term Start
1314: [
1278: [
1236: [
1200: [
1116: [
1089: [
996: [
964: [
917: [
897:Term Start
881:Other posts
861: [
832: [
767: [
740: [
723:GroĂźkanzler
686:Term Start
650: [
628:April 1739
615: [
588: [
568:Term Start
501:Under King
426: [
263:Referendum
245:Referendums
187:Legislature
3781:Categories
3393:27 January
3007:: 1–189 .
2549:26 January
2518:References
2412:July 1932
2379:Otto Braun
2065:proclaimed
1706:von Kamptz
395:lists the
218:Presidents
107:Government
75:Leadership
3647:160619586
2523:Citations
2071:became a
1798:Term End
1630:Term End
1407:Term End
900:Term End
871:in 1806.
689:Term End
571:Term End
471:in 1933.
461:abolition
338:Abolition
293:Provinces
242:Elections
2067:and the
80:Monarchy
3684:Sources
3152:: 134 .
2426:began.
523:Wöllner
519:Zedlitz
515:Jariges
451:of the
203:Landtag
193:Estates
3766:
3739:
3645:
3635:
3576:
3546:
3511:
3482:
3450:: 340.
3418:
3331:
3287:
2953:
1801:Notes
1792:Image
1633:Notes
1624:Image
1410:Notes
1401:Image
903:Notes
894:Image
692:Notes
683:Image
574:Notes
565:Image
527:Massow
311:Junker
3643:S2CID
2406:]
2381:with
2348:]
2317:]
2300:]
2203:]
2177:]
2149:]
2118:]
2073:state
2044:]
2018:]
1987:]
1961:]
1930:]
1899:]
1865:]
1829:]
1789:Name
1661:]
1621:Name
1589:]
1558:]
1526:]
1485:]
1438:]
1398:Name
1346:1807
1343:1793
1327:1770
1324:1763
1318:]
1291:1807
1282:]
1246:1798
1240:]
1204:]
1165:1798
1134:1807
1120:]
1102:1793
1093:]
1014:1764
1000:]
982:1770
968:]
921:]
891:Name
865:]
836:]
771:]
744:]
680:Name
654:]
625:1729
619:]
601:1729
592:]
562:Name
455:(the
449:state
430:]
3764:ISBN
3737:ISBN
3633:ISBN
3574:ISBN
3544:ISBN
3509:ISBN
3480:ISBN
3416:ISBN
3395:2024
3329:ISBN
3285:ISBN
2951:ISBN
2551:2024
1805:Ref.
1637:Ref.
1414:Ref.
907:Ref.
696:Ref.
578:Ref.
509:and
391:The
270:1931
92:King
62:1920
57:1850
52:1848
3756:doi
3729:doi
3625:doi
3534:doi
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3783::
3762:.
3735:.
3664:.
3641:.
3631:.
3597:.
3558:^
3542:.
3478:.
3456:^
3448:25
3442:.
3430:^
3383:.
3327:.
3299:^
3283:.
3238:.
3225:^
3211:.
3194:^
3158:^
3150:37
3148:.
3144:.
3125:.
3100:.
3033:^
2999:.
2987:^
2965:^
2949:.
2922:^
2751:^
2722:^
2667:^
2652:^
2559:^
2531:^
2404:de
2346:de
2315:de
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2201:de
2175:de
2147:de
2116:de
2042:de
2016:de
1985:de
1959:de
1946:.
1928:de
1915:.
1897:de
1881:.
1863:de
1850:.
1827:de
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116:/
3772:.
3758::
3745:.
3731::
3676:)
3649:.
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3609:)
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3552:.
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3517:.
3488:.
3474::
3424:.
3397:.
3337:.
3323::
3293:.
3279::
3244:9
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3112:)
3015:.
3011::
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2945::
2553:.
546:(
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380:e
373:t
366:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
