Human spaceflight programs

1014: 10691: 1317: 1843:(ISRC) to put an astronaut into space. The details of the design were published by the institute in its "Astronaut" publication in February 2015. A mock up of the spaceship was displayed on 17 February 2015 during the ceremony of the national day of space of Iran. The head of the institute announced that the spaceship will be launched to space in about a year. The spaceship is supposed be able to carry a single astronaut to a 175 km height and return him to the Earth. The spaceship is designed under the code name "Class E Kavoshgar" project. Through December 2022, no further details have been published and no crewed launches have occurred. 1858: 853: 6371: 7574: 7504: 6853: 6516: 563: 6050: 1502: 7090: 1624: 7717: 7705: 7693: 7121: 6923: 764: 7800: 7788: 1211:, which consisted of a series of four crewed scientific research space stations and two crewed military reconnaissance space stations over a period of 15 years from 1971 to 1986. Two other Salyut launches failed. Salyut was, on the one hand, designed to carry out long-term research into the problems of living in space and a variety of astronomical, biological and Earth-resources experiments, and on the other hand this civilian program was used as a cover for the highly secretive military 7740: 7547: 7272: 7260: 6639: 6141: 6129: 6117: 6105: 6093: 6074: 6062: 671: 6796: 6348: 6016: 2454: 7752: 7593: 6504: 6480: 6468: 1074: 7468: 7444: 6710: 6539: 6312: 7236: 7371: 7248: 6651: 6615: 6255: 6190: 7335: 7109: 6663: 6627: 6592: 6243: 5980: 7535: 6202: 7456: 7432: 7347: 7212: 7145: 7133: 7078: 6722: 6698: 6675: 6004: 5949: 1276: 89: 7516: 6834: 6777: 7284: 7200: 7066: 7054: 7042: 7028: 7016: 428: 6178: 389: 6815: 5992: 5961: 2538: 7188: 4241:

module will launch (without a crew) in 2023. In 2024, during the months leading up to the crewed landing, NASA will launch the last critical components: a transfer vehicle that will ferry landers from the Gateway to a lower lunar orbit, a descent module that will bring the astronauts to the lunar surface, and an ascent module that will bring them back up to the transfer vehicle, which will then return them to the Gateway.

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was a proposed two stage to orbit vehicle. Air-breathing hypersonic first stage and delta wing second stage. The German Hypersonics Program and its Saenger II reference vehicle received most of the domestic funding for spaceplane development in the late 1980s and early 1990s. In 1995, the project was

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In 2014, Copenhagen Suborbitals settled on the basic design for their first crewed rocket and space capsule. The rocket will be named Spica, and will stand 12–14 m tall with a diameter of 950 mm. It will be powered by the BPM-100 engine class, using liquid oxygen as oxidizer and ethanol as fuel,

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failed because hydraulic pressure was lost during the descent. Twelve subsequent flights (through January 2019), including two in-flight abort tests, took place with safe landings of both capsule and booster with two additional vehicles. New Shepard first flew humans to space on 20 July 2021 with the

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And before NASA sends astronauts to the moon in 2024, the agency will first have to launch five aspects of the lunar Gateway, all of which will be commercial vehicles that launch separately and join each other in lunar orbit. First, a power and propulsion element will launch in 2022. Then, the crew

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space station. The spacecraft was designed for both crewed and autonomous uncrewed cargo resupply flights, but was never used operationally in its intended role – only four test missions were flown (including three that docked to Salyut space stations) during the program. The Functional Cargo Block

356:-derived booster. The ejection seat was removed and two or three crew couches were added to the interior at a 90-degree angle to that of the Vostok crew position. However, the position of the in-flight controls was not changed, so the crew had to crane their heads 90 degrees to see the instruments. 4317:

Under the NASA plan, a mission to land on the moon would take place during the third launch of the Space Launch System. Astronauts, including the first woman to walk on the moon, Mr. Bridenstine said, would first stop at the orbiting lunar outpost. They would then take a lander to the surface near

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was the second human spaceflight program conducted by NASA. It operated between Projects Mercury and Apollo, with 10 crewed flights occurring in 1965 and 1966. Its objective was to develop techniques for advanced space travel, notably those necessary for Project Apollo, whose objective was to land

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was a space competition in which the X Prize Foundation offered a US$ 10,000,000 prize for the first non-government organization to launch a reusable crewed spacecraft into space twice within two weeks. Twenty-six teams from around the world participated, ranging from volunteer hobbyists to large

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has decided to focus the majority of its resources on the final development of the revolutionary liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen (LH2) program. This innovative propulsion technology has applications to upper stage liquid hydrogen engines suitable for the Atlas V, Delta IV, and the planned NASA

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design. Just before the first release of the name Vostok to the press, it was a classified word. By August/September 1958 a division had been formed devoted to producing the first Vostok craft. The official approval (decree) for the Vostok was delayed until 22 May 1959 by competition with photo

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Musk tackles the hardest engineering problems first. For Mars, there will be so many logistical things to make it all work, from power on the surface to scratching out a living to adapting to its extreme climate. But Musk believes that the initial, hardest step is building a reusable, orbital

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on conventional runways. On 26 October 2013, the first glide flight occurred. An initial orbital test flight of the Dream Chaser orbital test vehicle was planned for 1 November 2016, which was not met. On 3 February 2015, the Sierra Nevada Corporation's (SNC) Space Systems and

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sank and was recovered from the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean after 38 years. Some spacecraft were modified after initial production (refurbished after launch abort, modified for longer missions, etc.) and received a letter designation after their number, examples 2A, 15B. Some spacecraft were

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was a Japanese experimental spaceplane project designed by a partnership between NASDA and NAL (both now part of JAXA), started in the 1980s. It was positioned for most of its lifetime as one of the main Japanese contributions to the International Space Station, the other being the Japanese

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Because of their small size it was said that the Mercury spacecraft capsules were worn, not ridden. With 1.7 cubic metres (60 cu ft) of habitable volume, the capsule was just large enough for the single crew member. Inside were 120 controls: 55 electrical switches, 30 fuses and 35

1482:(USOS), which is shared by many nations. The American portion of ISS was funded until 2024. Roscosmos has also endorsed the continued operation of ISS through 2024, but have proposed subsequently using elements of the Russian Orbital Segment to construct a new Russian space station called 1025:

is a development of the robotic Dragon cargo spacecraft which has been re-supplying the International Space Station since 2010. The spacecraft is able to carry a crew of four astronauts to the International Space Station, with a planned maximum capacity of seven. It includes a set of four

50:– arrived. By the end of 2022, three countries (Soviet Union/Russia, United States and China) and one private company (SpaceX) had successfully launched humans to Earth orbit, and two private companies (Scaled Composites and Blue Origin) had launched humans on a suborbital trajectory. 2482:

to compete in the emerging suborbital spaceflight market. The Lynx is projected to carry one pilot, a ticketed passenger, and/or a payload above 100 km altitude. The Mark I test model will reach only 200,000 feet (61 km); the Mark II production model will be sub-orbital.

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that could be used for a variety of military missions, including reconnaissance, bombing, space rescue, satellite maintenance, and sabotage of enemy satellites. The program ran from 24 October 1957 to 10 December 1963 and was canceled just after spacecraft construction had begun.

830:, was launched on 20 November 1999 and recovered the next day, marking the first step of the realization of China's human spaceflight capability. Three more uncrewed missions were conducted in the next few years in order to verify the key technologies. On 15 October 2003 2103:

to develop a 2-stage launcher plane began in 1965 and was entrusted to OKB-155 A.I.Mikojan whose chief of the engineering and design department was Lozino Lozinsky (55 years). The project received the name of SPIRAL and was to prepare the Soviet Union for a war in space.

809:. It was announced a few times in 1978 with the publishing of some details, including photos, but then was abruptly canceled in 1980. It has been argued that the second crewed program was created solely for propaganda purposes, and was never intended to produce results. 41:

have been conducted, started, or planned by multiple countries and companies. Until the 21st century, human spaceflight programs were sponsored exclusively by governments, through either the military or civilian space agencies. With the launch of the privately funded

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was the objective that initially motivated it. Once both goals were realized, the program was abandoned. This followed the change in Soviet leadership, which was less concerned about stunt and prestige flights, and allowed the Soviet designers to concentrate on the

662:, which badly damaged the spacecraft on the moonward leg of its journey. The three astronauts aboard narrowly escaped with their lives, thanks to the efforts of flight controllers, project engineers, backup crew members and the skills of the astronauts themselves. 2208:, for Horizontal Take-Off and Landing, was a 1980s British design for a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) spaceplane that was to be powered by an airbreathing jet engine. Development was being conducted by a consortium led by Rolls-Royce and British Aerospace (BAe). 1715:

is an amateur crowd-funded, human space programme. Since its beginning in 2008, Copenhagen Suborbitals has flown five home-built rockets and two mock-up space capsules. Their stated goal is to have one of the members fly into space (above 100 km), on a

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According to a September 2015 report, the first flight of the Lynx spaceplane was proposed to be in the second quarter of 2016 from Midland, Texas, but the company halted spaceplane development in May 2016 and refocused on its LOX/H2 engine technology.

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marketing campaign which was launched in 2013 was also affected by the cancellation of the XCOR Lynx. The campaign included an astronaut selection contest where 23 winners would be given suborbital spaceflights on board the Lynx.

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region by 2025. Artemis would be the first step towards the long-term goal of establishing a sustainable presence on the Moon, laying the foundation for private companies to build a lunar economy, and eventually sending humans to

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Western nickname "Battlestar Khrushchev" a nuclear-armed monolith station, about 5 times the volume of Salyut 1 and as heavy as Skylab. The station was designed for a crew of 6 and proceeded to mock-up stage before cancellation.

419:. This was mainly a result of its late start date, which allowed it to benefit from much that had been learned during the early stages of the Apollo project (which, despite its later launch dates, actually began before Gemini). 937:

The objective of the project is to develop technology for low-cost routine access to space. Tier One is not itself intended to carry paying passengers, but it is envisioned that there will be commercial spinoffs, initially in

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The Space Shuttle was the only winged spacecraft to achieve orbit and land with crew aboard, and the first of a small number of reusable space vehicles to make multiple flights into orbit (subsequently followed by the

3360: 2367:(ふじ) was a crewed spacecraft of the space capsule kind, proposed by Japan's National Space Development Agency (NASDA) Advanced Mission Research Center in December 2001. The Fuji design was ultimately not developed. 816:(CMS), also known as "Project 921", authorization and funding was given for the first phase of a third, successful attempt at crewed spaceflight. To achieve independent human spaceflight capability, China developed 1930:

is planned to be the maiden flight of the SLS Block 1B and will use the minimalist Gateway and expendable lander to achieve the first crewed lunar landing of the program. The flight is planned to touch down on the

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defines spaceflight as any flight over 100 kilometers (62 mi). In the United States professional, military, and commercial astronauts who travel above an altitude of 80 kilometers (50 mi) are awarded the

2393:(Russian: Клипер, Clipper) was a partly reusable crewed spacecraft concept, proposed in the early 2000s by RSC Energia. Due to lack of funding from the ESA and RSA, the project was indefinitely postponed by 2006. 351:

The Voskhod spacecraft was basically a Vostok spacecraft that had a backup, solid fuel retrorocket added to the top of the descent module. The heavier weight of the craft was made possible by improvements to the

2273:(Russian: МАКС (Многоцелевая авиационно-космическая система), Multipurpose aerospace system) was a Soviet air-launched reusable launch system project with orbiter that was proposed in 1988 but canceled in 1991. 2116:(Russian: Транспортный корабль снабжения, Transportnyi Korabl Snabzheniia, Transport Supply Spacecraft, GRAU index 11F72) was a Soviet spacecraft conceived in the late 1960s for resupply flights to the military 2236:

was an advanced technology demonstrator project for the National Aero-Space Plane (NASP), part of a United States project to create a single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) spacecraft and passenger spaceliner. See also

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was the first continuously inhabited long-term research station in orbit and set the record for the longest continuous human presence in space at 3,644 days until 23 October 2010 when it was surpassed by the

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was a proposed spaceplane designed by the French Centre National d'Études Spatiales (CNES) in 1975, and later by the European Space Agency (ESA). It was superficially similar to the American Boeing X-20

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spacecraft was a secret Soviet project of the late 1980s aiming to design and build a large, crewed, vertical takeoff, vertical landing (VTVL) reusable space capsule, a much larger replacement for the

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While the Vostok program was dedicated towards understanding the effects of space travel and microgravity on the human body, Voskhod's two flights were aimed towards spectacular "firsts". Cosmonaut

1223:, including several mission duration records, the first ever orbital handover of a space station from one crew to another, and various spacewalk records. The program went through various changes. 100:

was a project that succeeded in putting a person into orbit for the first time. Sergei Korolev and Konstantin Feoktistov began, in June 1956, crewed spacecraft research. The program developed the

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decided on 14 July 1967 that China should not be left behind, and initiated their own crewed space program: the top-secret Project 714, which aimed to put two people into space by 1973 with the

6981: 5464: 1101:. The Starliner is to support larger crews of up to seven people. The Starliner is designed to be able to remain on-orbit for up to seven months and for reusability for up to ten missions. 824:

rocket dedicated for human spaceflight in the next few years, along with critical infrastructures like new launch site and flight control center being built. The first uncrewed spacecraft,

159:, the first woman in space. Another seven Vostok flights (Vostok 7 to 13) were originally planned, going through to April 1966, but these were canceled and the components recycled into the 7310: 6898: 1328:

was the first modular space station and was assembled in orbit from 1986 to 1996. It had a greater mass than any previous spacecraft. Until 21 March 2001 it was the largest

703:. When its mission was complete, the shuttle could independently move itself out of orbit (by means of making a 180-degree turn and firing its main engines, thus slowing it down) and 499:

by repeatedly docking with upper stages that had been put in orbit using the same rocket as the Soyuz. This and the initial civilian designs were done under the Soviet Chief Designer

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was occupied for a total of twelve and a half years out of its fifteen-year lifespan, having the capacity to support a resident crew of three, or larger crews for short term visits.

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RKK Energia, ... in the 1980s ... worked on a highly classified project to develop a large crewed capsule, called Zarya ("Dawn"), for a wide range of civilian and military missions.

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project. It was announced to the public on the same day that the Dyna-Soar program was canceled, 10 December 1963. the program was redirected in the mid-1960s and developed as a

965:, the first SpaceShipTwo spaceplane, made its first crewed gliding test flight. By October 2014 SpaceShipTwo had conducted 54 test flights. On October 31, 2014, SpaceShipTwo VSS 8210: 6460: 6078: 2886: 1600:

on 29 April 2021. It was later visited by multiple cargo and crewed spacecraft and demonstrated China's capability of sustaining Chinese astronauts' long-term stay in space.

75: 10594: 10168: 8220: 6952: 1730:, a Danish organization attempting to perform the first amateur suborbital crewed spaceflight. The vehicle consisted of a motor named HEAT-1X and a spacecraft Tycho Brahe. 7709: 5560: 642:

The goal of the program, as articulated by President Kennedy, was accomplished with only two major failures. The first failure resulted in the deaths of three astronauts,

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design was the basis for many projects, many of which never came to light. Its earliest form was intended to travel to the Moon without employing a huge booster like the

10564: 7670: 1305:, each delivered a three-astronaut crew. On the last two crewed missions, an additional Apollo / Saturn IB stood by ready to rescue the crew in orbit if it was needed. 8827: 8822: 1293:' first space station. Skylab orbited Earth from 1973 to 1979, and included a workshop, a solar observatory, and other systems. It was launched uncrewed by a modified 511: 2927: 10365: 7864: 7252: 7070: 503:, who did not live to see the craft take flight. Several military derivatives actually took precedence in the Soviet design process, though they never came to pass. 4515: 981:(according to the U.S. definition of space) on December 13, 2018. Marking the end of the "shuttle gap." VSS Unity made its second spaceflight on February 22, 2019. 8265: 8225: 5970: 4281:, "The direction that we have right now is that the next man and the first woman will be Americans, and that we will land on the south pole of the Moon in 2024.". 3980:"Starship is the spaceship/upper stage & Super Heavy is the rocket booster needed to escape Earth's deep gravity well (not needed for other planets or moons)" 2312:(観光丸? Kankōmaru) is the name of a proposed vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL), single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO), reusable launch system (rocket-powered spacecraft). 10829: 8513: 7675: 7655: 6893: 6667: 3672: 2193:

discontinued primarily due to concerns of development costs and limited gains in price and performance compared to the existing space launch systems such as the

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was one of several proposals for a European reusable launch vehicle (RLV) planned to cheaply ferry satellites into orbit by 2015. There have been no launches.

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The first flight of the New Shepard vehicle was conducted on 29 April 2015 during which an altitude of 93,500 meters (307,000 ft) was attained. While the

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According to CMS announcement, all missions of Tiangong Space Station are scheduled to be carried out by the end of 2022. Once the construction is completed,

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is an economic stimulus program funds technology development related to human spaceflight by private companies. In September 2014 NASA awarded contracts to

3036: 3453: 8540: 8426: 8237: 8113: 7305: 1660:(SNC) Space Systems. It is now planned to be a robotic cargo transport to the ISS. The Dream Chaser was designed to carry up to seven people to and from 2738: 1474:. The ownership and use of the space station is established by intergovernmental treaties and agreements. The station is divided into two sections, the 691:, officially called "Space Transportation System" (STS), was a United States government crewed launch vehicle, retired from service in 2011. The winged 186:

was the first human spaceflight program of the United States. It ran from 1959 through 1963 with the goal of putting a human in orbit around the Earth.

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and stationed for about 30 days and verified the viability of astronauts' medium-term stay in space. In April 2017, China's first cargo spacecraft,

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suffered an in-flight breakup during a powered flight test, resulting in a crash killing one pilot and injuring the other. The second SpaceShipTwo,

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was the second Chinese crewed space program based on the successful achievement of landing technology (third in the world after USSR and USA) by

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has limited capacity for return payloads. Each vehicle was designed with a projected lifespan of 100 launches, or 10 years' operational life.

58: 10153: 9023: 8483: 7857: 7818: 7721: 7613: 7032: 6937: 5173: 5139: 5064: 4533: 3941: 2152:. It had only one orbital flight, an uncrewed test, before cancellation. In the process it became the first spaceplane to land autonomously. 1958: 2954: 751:, but its use in this capacity was rare. However, the Space Shuttle was used to return large payloads from the ISS to Earth, as the Russian 588:

announced a goal of landing a man on the Moon by the end of the decade. It was accomplished on July 20, 1969, by the landing of astronauts

232:. Five of the twenty spacecraft, #10, 12, 15, 17, and 19, were not flown. Spacecraft #3 and #4 were destroyed during uncrewed test flights. 9045: 8010: 6472: 6434: 6264: 5542: 3623: 3209: 2601: 1519:

uncrewed spacecraft. The two spacecraft completed China's first automatic rendezvous and docking on 3 November 2011. About 9 months later,

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Experiment Module. The project was eventually canceled in 2003, by which point test flights of a sub-scale testbed had flown successfully.

1427:. Its first component launched into orbit in 1998, and the ISS is now the largest artificial body in orbit and can often be seen with the 1297:

rocket, with a weight of 169,950 pounds (77,090 kg). Three crewed missions to the station, conducted between 1973 and 1974 using the

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Space Launch System (SLS). ... XCOR's problem is — and has always been — funding. There wasn't enough of it to keep the Lynx staff.

3556: 456:, meaning "Union") is a human spaceflight program that was initiated by the Soviet Union in early 1967. It was originally part of a 8404: 7850: 7264: 4009: 2300:) is being created within the framework of the research work (SRW) "Orel" commissioned by the Russian Aerospace Agency since 1993. 340:, recycling components left over from that program's cancellation following its first six flights. The two missions flown used the 8589: 8419: 8324: 7113: 4107: 4041: 4647: 3910: 3768: 1758:

is a new multi-task Russian spacecraft for LEO, ISS and lunar missions. The spacecraft, when revealed in 2015, resembled NASA's

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China was the first Asian country and third nation in the world, after the USSR and USA, to send humans into space. During the

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to get launch and landing working and iterate on a variety of design details, particularly with respect to the vehicle's

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rocket, was designed to carry a crew of two. The program was officially cancelled on 13 May 1972 for economic reasons.

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and three components of an expendable lunar lander are planned to be delivered on multiple launches from commercial

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man-in-space program called MODS (Manned Orbital Development System), a type of military space station that used

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AG (OHB) in Germany announced the completion of the initial Dream Chaser for European Utilization (DC4EU) study.

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company. There were 11 Soyuz launches in 2001 and 9 in 2002. Currently, Soyuz vehicles are launched from the

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itself was deemed a success and the capsule was correctly recovered via parachute landing, the booster stage

164: 63: 10497: 4362: 2763: 371:, which became the main success of the program, while putting the first multi-person crew into orbit during 10584: 10139: 10119: 10014: 8782: 8772: 8552: 7906: 5576: 5050: 4991: 4331: 2861: 2716:

Space Shuttle: The History of the National Space Transportation System: The First 100 Missions, 3rd edition

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and spacecraft systems with a goal of developing technologies required for permanent occupation of space.

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Gemini was originally seen as a simple extrapolation of the Mercury program, and thus early on was called

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Programs in this section are sorted by the years when the first successful crewed spaceflight took place.

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and passenger-carrying spacecraft. In 2020 and 2021 it was tested without a booster stage as part of the

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A second, short-lived crewed program was based on the successful implementation of landing technology by

736: 597: 527: 145: 10099: 1316: 1219:, the first station in the program, became the world's first crewed space station. Salyut broke several 11030: 10975: 10574: 10375: 10258: 10241: 9139: 9081: 8899: 8797: 8719: 8567: 8464: 8344: 8319: 8105: 8057: 7975: 7928: 7173: 6247: 5369: 4772: 4293: 2990:"End Of Mission: SpaceX, NASA wrapping Crew Dragon's inaugural flight to Station – NASASpaceFlight.com" 2566: 2056: 1576: 1544:

was launched into the orbit. It was a space laboratory with more advanced functions and equipment than

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we call it v2 for Dragon. That is the primary vehicle for crew, and we will retrofit it back to cargo.

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prior to the decision to transition to a robotic platform. The vehicle would launch vertically on an

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will enter the application and development phase, which is poised to last for no less than 10 years.

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pilots were selected for this goal in March 1971. The Shuguang-1 spacecraft, to be launched with the

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design. It currently holds the world record for the fastest speed ever reached by a crewed aircraft.

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program to put an American astronaut in orbit. It was canceled when NASA was formed in August 1958.

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involved carrying large payloads to various low-Earth orbits (including segments to be added to the

10708: 10313: 8924: 8854: 8787: 8752: 8677: 8364: 8349: 8072: 7597: 7276: 6083: 5807: 4541: 3587:"Core Module Tianhe Launch a Complete Success -- Construction of China Space Station in Full Swing" 3100:"NASA, Boeing Prepare to Replace Starliner Service Modules Ahead of Upcoming Orbital Flight Test-2" 2494: 1900: 1899:. During the mission, an uncrewed Orion capsule spent 10 days in a 40,000 mi (64,000 km) 507: 464:

on the Moon. All experimental or unsuccessful starts received the status of satellites of a series

401: 364: 29:

For a chronological list of human spaceflights, including crews, dates and mission summaries, see

10934: 10865: 10397: 10224: 9871: 9775: 9688: 9388: 9238: 9129: 9120: 8939: 8859: 8844: 8747: 8644: 8621: 8436: 8374: 8150: 8130: 8047: 7885: 7578: 7240: 7192: 6643: 5682: 3937: 2960: 2519: 2472: 2064: 1998: 1982: 1921: 1909:, the first crewed mission of the program, is planned to launch four astronauts in May 2024 on a 1798: 1717: 1475: 1410: 1404: 1027: 990: 927: 883: 676: 258: 254: 194:

flight on 20 February 1962 was the first Mercury flight to achieve this goal. Prior to that, the

76:

List of government space agencies § List of space agencies with human spaceflight capability

4750:"NASA administrator on new Moon plan: 'We're doing this in a way that's never been done before'" 4185:"NASA's First Flight With Crew Important Step on Long-term Return to the Moon, Missions to Mars" 3615: 2959:(audio file). The Space Show. Event occurs at 24:05–24:45 and 28:15–28:35. 2212. Archived from 2887:"SpaceShipTwo disaster: Industry mourns pilot but vows to keep ... - BakersfieldCalifornian.com" 2378:

was a proposed European Space Agency orbital and reusable launch vehicle. The shuttle prototype

852: 388: 10402: 10340: 10288: 10278: 10263: 10214: 10074: 10004: 9426: 9114: 8944: 8919: 8874: 8757: 8649: 8626: 8252: 8177: 8032: 7288: 7216: 7005: 6631: 6218: 5786: 5496: 5003: 3077: 2330: 1910: 1727: 1580: 1129: 908: 740: 628: 10323: 9134: 9126: 9123: 4596: 4381: 11025: 11000: 10960: 10955: 10929: 10768: 10695: 10569: 10422: 10385: 10273: 10268: 9074: 9033: 8934: 8864: 8834: 8704: 8562: 7351: 7204: 7149: 7082: 6927: 6206: 6054: 5965: 5953: 5666: 5314: 5310: 4951: 4817: 3059: 2407: 2149: 1873: 1471: 1467: 1440: 890:

to the paying public. SpaceShipOne reached space with a pilot in three test flights in 2004.

699:(although eight have been carried) and up to 50,000 lb (23,000 kg) of payload into 692: 477: 266: 10437: 4292: 4229: 3531: 300:

criteria by exceeding the altitude of 50 miles (80 km), thus qualifying the pilots for

10970: 10807: 10330: 10283: 9940: 9398: 9363: 9358: 9252: 9203: 9176: 9132: 9111: 8869: 8639: 8545: 8469: 8339: 8182: 7824: 7792: 7520: 7460: 7375: 7228: 7178: 6838: 6762: 6584: 6338: 5776: 5733: 5595: 5501: 5306: 5301: 4873: 4537: 4204:"Space Launch System Departure Trajectory Analysis for Cislunar and Deep-Space Exploration" 3983: 3881: 3231: 2189: 1978: 1857: 1531: 1329: 647: 639:. These later programs are thus often considered to be part of the overall Apollo program. 566: 156: 47: 9115: 9113: 3643: 2756:"The Spaceport's new Soyuz launch site is ready for installation of its mission equipment" 8: 10892: 10782: 10671: 10509: 10482: 10432: 10236: 9700: 9393: 9245: 8682: 8314: 7918: 7300: 6974: 6819: 6781: 6565: 6520: 6448: 5801: 5615: 5552: 5475: 5337: 5253: 5245: 5119: 5088: 4956: 4913: 4903: 4888: 4868: 3947: 3586: 3564: 2442: 2375: 2249: 2161: 1892: 1869: 1824: 1809: 1723: 1647: 1220: 887: 817: 791: 767: 704: 547: 543: 535: 523: 229: 105: 9596: 9475: 4723: 4466: 4016: 3137: 2164:

was the first Chinese crewed space program with plans to launch two astronauts by 1973.

1891:

was the first mission of the Artemis Program and was the first integrated flight of the

10762: 10632: 10579: 10457: 10427: 10335: 10148: 9285: 9116: 8359: 7508: 7125: 6800: 6560: 5781: 5532: 5428: 5270: 5150: 4986: 4878: 4827: 4299: 4059: 2543: 2221: 2217: 2177: 2068: 1896: 1759: 1590: 1479: 1054: 1046: 806: 546:

in northwest Russia. Since 2009 Soyuz launch vehicles are also being launched from the

465: 341: 262: 233: 225: 195: 9569: 9532: 4115: 1260:/DOS-5 (1977–1981, 16 crews (5 long duration, 11 short duration) and 1 failed docking) 10622: 10192: 10134: 9925: 9814: 9740: 9681: 9410: 7943: 7901: 5676: 5423: 5359: 5079: 4976: 4343: 3297: 3287: 3258: 2719: 2702: 2683: 2660: 2650: 2551: 2364: 2326: 2270: 2031: 1952: 1755: 1640: 1266:/DOS-6 (1982–1986, 10 crews (6 long duration, 4 short duration) and 1 failed docking) 1180: 904: 897: 879: 708: 624: 577:

was undertaken by NASA during the years 1961–1975 with the goal of conducting crewed

336:) was a Soviet human spaceflight project. Voskhod development was a follow-on to the 297: 121: 101: 54: 9652: 3979: 10922: 10683: 10487: 10477: 10370: 10345: 9755: 9725: 9576: 9450: 9290: 9155: 8579: 8097: 6400: 5627: 5487: 4842: 3361:"NASA: International space station operation extended by Obama until at least 2024" 2814: 2238: 2113: 1932: 1877: 1816: 1743: 1082: 752: 519: 488: 473: 452: 440: 405: 321: 282: 7842: 4564: 4254:"NASA outlines plans for lunar lander development through commercial partnerships" 3691:"Gaganyaan manned mission not before 2023: Minister | India News - Times of India" 3386: 950:

could see routine space tourism, using a spacecraft based on Tier One technology.

562: 10897: 10855: 10554: 10452: 10360: 10251: 10229: 10026: 9970: 9960: 9750: 9730: 9705: 9693: 9647: 9635: 9539: 9522: 9482: 9460: 9455: 8709: 8037: 7551: 5144: 4893: 4837: 4519: 2742: 2515: 2438: 2345: 2091:. The project was canceled on 10 June 1969 before there were any crewed flights. 1970:

Programs in this section are sorted by the years when their development started.

1948: 1852: 1794: 1763: 1701: 1661: 1615:

Programs in this section are sorted by the years when their development started.

1501: 1436: 1424: 1392: 1022: 1002: 978: 958: 947: 863: 859: 728: 724: 700: 585: 317: 305: 191: 183: 160: 3660: 2797: 2776: 2631: 1623: 10907: 10902: 10538: 10318: 10308: 10246: 10109: 10036: 9997: 9918: 9891: 9745: 9615: 9586: 9564: 9554: 9544: 9497: 8042: 7339: 7001: 5871: 5275: 5127: 4898: 4764: 3739: 3478: 2928:"Update from Mojave: VSS Unity's First Flight Test Completed – Virgin Galactic" 2526:(ISS) from 2024. It would then add new modules to it. It was canceled in 2017. 2479: 2321: 2224:. The project was shelved in 1989, shortly before the Soviet Union's collapse. 2088: 2080: 2072: 2023: 931: 841: 763: 613: 589: 574: 515: 500: 396: 345: 337: 97: 4443: 4425: 4230:"NASA Has a Full Plate of Lunar Missions Before Astronauts Can Return to Moon" 1411:

International Space Station (USA, Russia, Japan, Europe, Canada, 1998–ongoing)

1152:, flying humans to space since 2021. It is a commercial system for suborbital 11019: 10995: 10980: 10838: 10637: 10617: 10197: 9930: 9913: 9734: 9657: 9620: 9591: 9581: 9549: 9527: 9507: 9470: 9443: 9438: 9433: 8280: 5654: 5096: 5029: 4920: 3503: 3301: 2664: 2511: 2431: 2423: 2349: 2258: 2233: 2137: 2076: 1917: 1597: 1444: 1420: 1365: 1343: 1290: 1204: 1157: 1153: 1086: 1058: 946:

was formed to manage commercial exploitation of the technology. A deal with

939: 821: 688: 651: 551: 436: 377: 360: 109: 5829: 4702: 2835: 2419: 1864:

The Artemis program is an ongoing crewed spaceflight program carried out by

1742:

Formerly called PPTS (Prospective Piloted Transport System) and Federation (

1061:, flew to the ISS in November 2020 for a six month stay. Dragon 2 has flown 844:, making China the third nation to launch a human into orbit independently. 518:. As well as being used in the Soyuz program as the launcher for the crewed 10715: 10701: 10492: 10447: 10104: 9987: 9881: 9821: 9804: 9630: 9608: 9559: 9517: 9502: 9487: 9353: 9312: 9277: 9097: 7680: 5835: 5791: 5570: 5492: 5008: 4996: 4930: 4925: 3915: 3867:

Starship to get people and tons of stuff to Mars. So he is focused on that.

3852: 3315: 3283: 2134: 1680: 1650: 1636: 1432: 1347: 1208: 1164: 1062: 954: 875: 871: 867: 707:

the Earth's atmosphere. During descent and landing, the orbiter acted as a

620: 578: 469: 457: 353: 281:. The X-15 set speed and altitude records in the early 1960s, reaching the 218: 199: 137: 129: 43: 5385: 3742:[The first launch of the "Orel" spaceship was postponed to 2024]. 3037:"Astronauts fly with SpaceX in landmark launch for commercial spaceflight" 3012:"Station mission planning reveals new target Commercial Crew launch dates" 2649:. Springer-Praxis books in space exploration. New York; London: Springer. 670: 296:

During the X-15 program, 13 of the flights (by eight pilots) met the USAF

10756: 10750: 10533: 10521: 10516: 10467: 10442: 10412: 10407: 10355: 10350: 10175: 10089: 10048: 10009: 9886: 9717: 9640: 9603: 9492: 7873: 7830: 7804: 6910: 5841: 5585: 5433: 5380: 5375: 5326: 5281: 5258: 5206: 5194: 5178: 5156: 5133: 5102: 4847: 3744: 2759: 2453: 2341: 2309: 1782: 1778: 1762:

capsule and had a set of soft-landing type legs similar to the plans for

1550: 1377: 1171: 1141: 1125: 1042: 643: 593: 141: 3769:"Vulcan Centaur on schedule for first launch in 2022 as New Glenn slips" 2414:'s intended successor to the Space Shuttle, is a program to develop new 1830: 1073: 530:

and commercial launches marketed and operated by TsSKB-Progress and the

10775: 10722: 10462: 10041: 9625: 8599: 5453: 2475: 2465: 2415: 2379: 2353: 2141: 2099:

In accordance with the quinquennial plan of the Soviet air forces, the

2002: 1674: 1653: 1643: 1564: 1540: 1525: 1515: 1510: 1431:

from Earth. The ISS consists of pressurized modules, external trusses,

1357: 1353: 1149: 1145: 1137: 1031: 923: 919: 901: 837: 832: 826: 787: 783: 775: 619:

Apollo was the third human spaceflight program undertaken by NASA, the

539: 416: 290: 187: 125: 5042: 4399: 3848:"Inside Elon Musk's plan to build one Starship a week—and settle Mars" 2682:(Second ed.). New York: Dorling Kindersley Limited. p. 82. 10736: 10729: 10158: 10124: 9955: 9876: 9799: 9794: 9765: 9512: 9465: 9334: 9317: 7484: 7472: 7436: 7137: 6702: 6328: 6316: 5715: 5688: 5660: 5458: 5345: 5217: 5211: 5200: 5162: 4966: 4671: 4367: 4234: 3773: 2461: 2437:

The Constellation program was canceled in 2010 and replaced with the

2254: 2083:

purposes. The space station used a spacecraft that was derived from

2009: 1994: 1927: 1906: 1888: 1876:, with the goal of landing "the first woman and the next man" on the 1774: 1695: 1428: 1395:

spending 437 days and 18 hours on the station between 1994 and 1995.

1391:. It holds the record for the longest single human spaceflight, with 1373: 1302: 1160: 974: 970: 779: 744: 696: 659: 605: 601: 496: 461: 372: 368: 301: 133: 9760: 3673:

Gaganyaan mission to take Indian astronaut to space by 2022: PM Modi

2041: 468:, and flights of the Lunar orbital ships around the Moon – the name 237:

modified twice; for example, spacecraft 15 became 15A and then 15B.

140:. The Vostok 1 mission was the first time anyone had journeyed into 88: 10789: 10627: 10094: 9950: 9935: 9676: 9383: 9231: 8067: 5745: 5727: 5721: 5694: 5537: 5412: 5406: 5350: 5286: 4495: 4332:"Inflatable Habitats: From the Space Station to the Moon and Mars?" 4294:"For Artemis Mission to Moon, NASA Seeks to Add Billions to Budget" 3557:"China launches new Long March-5B rocket for space station program" 3060:"Boeing Submits Proposal for NASA Commercial Crew Transport System" 2490: 2356:

that could launch satellites into orbit at a fraction of the cost.

2194: 2094: 1435:

and other components. ISS components have been launched by Russian

1350: 1294: 1263: 1257: 1251: 1245: 1239: 1233: 1227: 1216: 758: 655: 492: 427: 286: 270: 224:

NASA ordered 20 production spacecraft, numbered 1 through 20, from

175: 152: 3816: 847: 10031: 10019: 9945: 9344: 9322: 9197: 9182: 8594: 6967: 6596: 5739: 5703: 5621: 5565: 5527: 5443: 5320: 5291: 4623:"NASA budget for 2011 eliminates funds for crewed lunar missions" 4139:"Orion Will Go the Distance in Retrograde Orbit During Artemis I" 3995: 3964: 3796:"Jeff Bezos plans to boost humans into space from Cape Canaveral" 3316:"Human Spaceflight and Exploration—European Participating States" 1665: 1369: 1361: 961:'s second generation suborbital vehicle. On 10 October 2010, VSS 681: 531: 480:

are part of this program, which is now the responsibility of the

245: 151:

There were six Vostok flights in total, including the June, 1963

4648:"MSDC president: Lynx will launch from Midland this fiscal year" 3099: 2680:

Spaceflight : the complete story, from Sputnik to Curiosity

1913:

flyby of the Moon at a distance of 4,000 miles (6,400 km).

1815:

The second stage of the Starship is designed as a long-duration

1275: 1191:(Dates refer to periods when stations were inhabited by crews.) 400:

humans on the Moon. Gemini missions included the first American

209:, and the program was officially conducted by the newly created 10917: 10472: 9669: 9664: 9378: 9373: 9339: 9327: 9272: 9224: 9217: 9192: 9187: 9066: 8052: 5796: 5709: 5648: 5483: 5438: 5400: 5390: 5168: 2956:

Broadcast 2212: Special Edition, interview with Gwynne Shotwell

2910:"SpaceShipTwo 'Feather' Tail System Deployed Prematurely: NTSB" 2390: 2348:

and funded by the U.S. government. The goal was to replace the

2344:

was a single-stage-to-orbit reusable launch system proposed by

2281: 1805: 1282: 1200: 1090: 1057:

launched on 30 May 2020. The first operational crewed mission,

998: 994: 712: 632: 415:. The actual program had little in common with Mercury and was 4330:

Spaceflight, Mike Wall 2015-08-18T12:11:30Z (18 August 2015).

3454:"Russia May Be Planning National Space Station to Replace ISS" 3123:"Will Jeff Bezos Speed Past Virgin Galactic to Tourist Space?" 2426:

in space. It is primarily intended to facilitate missions for

2050: 1935:

region, with two astronauts staying there for about one week.

1693:(ISRO) plans to develop and launch a crewed spacecraft, named 984: 9789: 9368: 9300: 9295: 9210: 9165: 9160: 7697: 7583: 5672: 5108: 4318:

its south pole, where frozen water exists within the craters.

2205: 2145: 2117: 1839:

is a proposal by the Iranian Aerospace Research Institute of

1212: 799: 795: 748: 720: 128:

spacecraft was launched on April 12, 1961, taking into space

10877: 10837: 8870:

R-7 (including Semyorka, Molniya, Vostok, Voskhod and Soyuz)

2510:(abbreviated OPSEK) was a proposed third-generation modular 2034:

as ferry vehicles. MODS was effectively superseded when the

1572:

and completed multiple in-orbit propellant refueling tests.

1454:

is a joint project among five participating space agencies:

522:, Soyuz launch vehicles are now also used to launch robotic 422: 9421: 9305: 9170: 7161: 6903: 6429: 6066: 5395: 5355: 4363:

In Race for Private Space Stations, It's U.S. Versus Russia

3184:"Blue Origin's New Shepard Vehicle Makes First Test Flight" 2468: 2411: 2329:' Tier One project. The other companies stopped work or as 2286: 2084: 2027: 1882: 1865: 1781:. The company expects a first flight no earlier 2023. Like 1669: 1455: 1286: 1175: 1133: 1001:

to build crewed spacecraft for low Earth orbit operations.

934:

for the first non-governmental reusable crewed spacecraft.

870:, which is developing a privately funded spacecraft called 609: 274: 210: 113: 4042:"Iran Unveils Mock-Up of Manned Spacecraft - Science news" 4010:"A review to the next generation crewed spaceship of Iran" 3428:"Russia — and Its Modules — To Part Ways with ISS in 2024" 2128: 1631:, Edwards Air Force Base for tow tests on taxi and runways 1610: 1596:, was launched into orbit by China's most powerful rocket 1112:

was launched in May 2022, followed by final certification

512:

Progress State Research and Production Rocket Space Center

66:. This article follows the FAI definition of spaceflight. 9150: 8141: 5768: 4614: 3911:"Elon Musk, Man of Steel, reveals his stainless Starship" 2396: 2167: 1965: 1916:

After Artemis 2, the Power and Propulsion Element of the

1726:

was the first rocket and spacecraft combination built by

1639:

was originally intended to serve as an American reusable

1496: 1324: 278: 4699:"Orbital Piloted Assembly and Experiment Complex, OPSEK" 4667:"XCOR lays off employees to focus on engine development" 3255:

The International Space Station: Building for the Future

3230:. Spaceflight.nasa.gov. 30 November 2011. Archived from 1973: 1681:

Indian Human Spaceflight Programme (India, 2007–ongoing)

1017:

Dragon 2 on its first crewed flight, approaching the ISS

695:

was launched vertically, usually carrying five to seven

658:

launchpad fire. The second was an in-space explosion on

46:

in 2004, a new category of human spaceflight programs –

4556: 3387:"Space station partners set 2028 as certification goal" 3058:

Memi, Edmund G.; Morgan, Adam K. (September 23, 2009).

2862:"Virgin Galactic's SpaceShipTwo Aces Glide Test Flight" 1523:

completed the first manual rendezvous and docking with

240: 92:

Model of Vostok spacecraft with third stage of launcher

3114: 2930:. virgingalactic.com. 9 September 2016. Archived from 1938: 1846: 1254:/Almaz/OPS-3 (1976–1977, 2 crews and 1 failed docking) 3659:

Completion of the initial DC4EU study (2015-03-02). "

2777:

30th Anniversary of Apollo 11, Manned Apollo Missions

1831:

Iranian crewed spaceship project (Iran, 2015–ongoing)

1766:

at that time. An uncrewed flight is planned in 2024.

1097:, and to private space stations such as the proposed 922:, and the project is funded 20 million US Dollars by 3949:

Human Landing System: Putting Boots Back on the Moon

2901: 2647:

Freedom 7: The Historic Flight of Alan B. Shepard Jr

2533: 2518:. OPSEK would initially consist of modules from the 2315: 1194: 1186: 1156:. The name New Shepard makes reference to the first 311: 7872: 4202:Heaton, Andrew; Sood, Dr. Rohan (August 10, 2020). 1618: 1215:stations, which flew under the Salyut designation. 1065:, the first purely private mission to Earth orbit. 778:between the two superpowers, which culminated with 205:Early planning and research was carried out by the 170: 83: 4162:"NASA delays human lunar landing to at least 2025" 3740:"Первый пуск корабля "Орел" перенесли на 2024 год" 3280:Reference Guide to the International Space Station 2478:under development by the California-based company 2010:Manned Orbital Development System (USA, 1962–1963) 1777:is an orbital launch vehicle under development by 1119: 840:in orbit for 21 hours and returned safely back to 557: 383: 217:mechanical levers. The spacecraft was designed by 4227: 3930: 3252: 2227: 2042:Soviet Orbital Station 1 (Soviet Union 1962–1965) 1053:was successfully conducted on 19 January 2020. A 747:and other payloads from orbit and return them to 665: 11017: 5901: 4794: 3873: 3644:Dream Chaser mini-shuttle given 2016 launch date 3153:"First Developmental Test Flight of New Shepard" 2107: 2095:Spiral program (Soviet Union, 1965 – late 1970s) 1769: 1707: 1242:/Almaz/OPS-2 (1974, 1 crew and 1 failed docking) 1236:/Almaz/OPS-1 (1973, failed shortly after launch) 1068: 836:, China's first crewed spaceflight mission, put 759:China Manned Space Program (China, 1992–ongoing) 604:mission. Five other Apollo missions also landed 9110: 3340:. European Space Agency (ESA). 19 November 2013 2920: 2718:. Stillwater, Minnesota: Voyageur Press, 2001. 2508:Orbital Piloted Assembly and Experiment Complex 2336: 2022:(SSD). It was to begin working on plans to use 1788: 1529:, which carried China's first female astronaut 1308: 1008: 848:SpaceShipOne / SpaceShipTwo (USA, 2004–ongoing) 631:launch vehicles, which were later used for the 198:mission brought the first American into space, 8610:Timeline of first Earth observation satellites 3904: 3902: 3688: 3445: 3277: 3129: 2155: 1737: 1108:in December 2019 but failed to reach the ISS. 1041:To develop Dragon 2, SpaceX did a "pad abort" 10823: 9271: 9082: 7858: 7819:Timeline of first orbital launches by country 5887: 5058: 4780: 4582: 3661:http://www.sncorp.com/AboutUs/NewsDetails/749 3338:"International Space Station legal framework" 3135: 3066: 2853: 2448: 2385: 2276: 1988: 1959:Orbital Technologies Commercial Space Station 9046:Timeline of first images of Earth from space 4100: 3732: 3210:"ISS Passing Old Russian Mir In Crewed Time" 2946: 2501: 2333:switched to other, more immediate purposes. 2303: 2211: 304:status; some pilots also qualified for NASA 163:, which was intended to achieve more Soviet 4458: 4442:. Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from 4356: 4348:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 4329: 4153: 4082:"Iran displays manned spacecraft prototype" 4060:"Iran Unveils Mock-Up of Manned Spacecraft" 3971: 3899: 3839: 3760: 3666: 3637: 3526: 3524: 3409:"Canada's space station commitment renewed" 3120: 2264: 2051:Manned Orbiting Laboratory (USA, 1963–1969) 1903:around the Moon before returning to Earth. 1116:to get Starliner operational in June 2024. 985:Commercial Crew Program (USA, 2011–ongoing) 207:National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics 144:and the first time anyone had entered into 10876: 10830: 10816: 9089: 9075: 7865: 7851: 5894: 5880: 5065: 5051: 4787: 4773: 4658: 4201: 3809: 3610: 3608: 3579: 3425: 3419: 3308: 3175: 3144: 3057: 3003: 2782: 2703:"Aerospaceweb.org | Aircraft Museum X-15". 2244: 2183: 1720:, in a space capsule on the Spica rocket. 1270: 1230:/DOS-1 (1971, 1 crew and 1 failed docking) 1099:Bigelow Aerospace Commercial Space Station 4620: 4432: 4182: 3426:de Selding, Peter B. (25 February 2015). 3358: 3201: 423:Soyuz program (USSR/Russia, 1967–ongoing) 285:and returning with valuable data used in 10602:Interstellar and circumstellar molecules 4532:Santini, Jean-Louis (January 31, 2010). 3945: 3521: 3138:"Jeff Bezos conducts New Shepard flight" 3009: 2452: 2291: 2200: 1856: 1656:being developed and privately funded by 1622: 1500: 1315: 1274: 1072: 1012: 928:first privately funded human spaceflight 762: 669: 561: 426: 244: 174: 87: 10798:) may be read as "within" or "part of". 9826:Planetary orbit-crossing minor planets 5072: 4590:"Terminations, Reductions, and Savings" 4531: 3605: 3330: 3246: 3207: 2677: 2644: 2129:Buran program (Soviet Union, 1976–1993) 1611:Space programs currently in development 1579:is to build China's own space station, 1055:crewed demonstration mission to the ISS 14: 11018: 4136: 3908: 3879: 3845: 3827:from the original on 30 September 2019 3715:"Tycho Brahe - Copenhagen Suborbitals" 3451: 2736:"NASA astronaut wings award ceremony". 2708: 2696: 2469:horizontal-takeoff, horizontal-landing 2397:Project Constellation (USA, 2004–2010) 2168:Piloted FSW program (China, 1978–1980) 1966:Programs canceled before crewed launch 1627:Dream Chaser flight vehicle at NASA's 1497:Tiangong program (China, 2010–ongoing) 506:The launch vehicles used in the Soyuz 404:, and new orbital maneuvers including 69: 59:Fédération Aéronautique Internationale 10811: 9070: 7846: 5875: 5856:List of proposed missions to the Moon 5046: 4768: 4747: 4664: 4522:. Orlando Sentinel, January 27, 2010. 4290: 4278: 4266: 4159: 3882:"SpaceX BFR has a new name: Starship" 3766: 3384: 3271: 3181: 3150: 2907: 2748: 2562:List of private spaceflight companies 2370: 2359: 2071:program, a successor to the canceled 1974:Man In Space Soonest (USA, 1957–1958) 1872:, and international partners such as 1734:producing 100 kilonewtons of thrust. 451: 8427:Spaceflight-related human fatalities 5861:List of proposed space observatories 5224:Chinese Crewed Lunar Landing Mission 4621:Achenbach, Joel (February 1, 2010). 4562: 4284: 4221: 3977: 3880:Lawler, Richard (20 November 2018). 3452:Bodner, Matthew (17 November 2014). 2859: 2811:"Encyclopedia Astronautica Index: 1" 2325:corporate-backed operations. Won by 2026:hardware as the first step in a new 417:superior to even Apollo in some ways 241:North American X-15 (USA, 1954–1968) 4716: 4565:"Obama cancels Moon return project" 4563:Amos, Jonathan (February 1, 2010). 4467:"Russia mulls rocket power 'first'" 4464: 4400:"Краткая история создания "Бурана"" 3318:. European Space Agency (ESA). 2009 3076:. Bigelow Aerospace. Archived from 3039:. Spaceflight Now. 16 November 2020 2745:NASA Press Release, 23 August 2005. 2729: 2705:Aerospaceweb.org, 24 November 2008. 2148:as a response to the United States 1939:Commercial space stations (planned) 1847:Artemis program (USA, 2017–ongoing) 973:, made first flight tests in 2016. 24: 9106: 8979:Communications satellite companies 4724:"Russia 'to save its ISS modules'" 4371:, 2010-11-12, accessed 2010-11-13. 4228:Hanneke Weitering (May 23, 2019). 4084:. 18 February 2015. Archived from 3909:Berger, Eric (29 September 2019). 3359:Achenbach, Joel (8 January 2014). 3253:John E. Catchpole (17 June 2008). 3208:Jackman, Frank (29 October 2010). 1691:Indian Space Research Organisation 1687:Indian Human Spaceflight Programme 1134:vertical-takeoff, vertical-landing 1047:uncrewed orbital flight to the ISS 930:and won the 10 million US Dollars 851: 387: 53:The criteria for what constitutes 25: 18:List of human spaceflight programs 11047: 9024:First orbital launches by country 5522:Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope 4183:Hambleton, Kathryn (2018-08-27). 2762:. October 3, 2008. Archived from 2316:Ansari X Prize (World, 1996–2004) 2016:Manned Orbital Development System 1299:Apollo command and service module 1195:Salyut stations (USSR, 1971–1986) 1187:Successful space station programs 953:The model finally developed into 743:. The orbiter could also recover 711:and made a completely unpowered 460:program intended to put a Soviet 312:Voskhod program (USSR, 1964–1965) 179:Mercury capsule with escape tower 10689: 10677: 10665: 9096: 9051:Timeline of longest spaceflights 7798: 7786: 7774: 7762: 7750: 7738: 7715: 7703: 7691: 7591: 7572: 7545: 7533: 7514: 7502: 7478: 7466: 7454: 7442: 7430: 7407: 7395: 7383: 7369: 7357: 7345: 7333: 7294: 7282: 7270: 7258: 7246: 7234: 7222: 7210: 7198: 7186: 7167: 7155: 7143: 7131: 7119: 7107: 7088: 7076: 7064: 7052: 7040: 7026: 7014: 6921: 6851: 6832: 6813: 6794: 6775: 6756: 6744: 6732: 6720: 6708: 6696: 6673: 6661: 6649: 6637: 6625: 6613: 6590: 6578: 6549: 6537: 6514: 6502: 6478: 6466: 6454: 6442: 6423: 6369: 6346: 6322: 6310: 6253: 6241: 6212: 6200: 6188: 6176: 6164: 6139: 6127: 6115: 6103: 6091: 6072: 6060: 6048: 6014: 6002: 5990: 5978: 5959: 5947: 4534:"Obama trims US space ambitions" 4307:from the original on 25 May 2019 4160:Foust, Jeff (November 9, 2021). 4137:Rochon, Laura (April 18, 2022). 3978:Musk, Elon (19 November 2018). 3385:Clark, Stephen (11 March 2010). 3010:Gebhardt, Chris (20 June 2019). 2536: 2296:The Russian Aerospace Aircraft ( 2038:was announced in December 1963. 1945:Bigelow Commercial Space Station 1870:commercial spaceflight companies 1619:Dream Chaser (USA, 2004–ongoing) 171:Project Mercury (USA, 1959–1963) 84:Vostok program (USSR, 1956–1964) 10565:Gravitationally rounded objects 9056:Timeline of private spaceflight 8730:Super heavy-lift launch vehicle 8590:Communications satellite firsts 4741: 4691: 4640: 4525: 4513:"Obama aims to ax moon mission" 4506: 4488: 4410: 4392: 4374: 4323: 4246: 4195: 4176: 4130: 4074: 4052: 4034: 4015:. February 2015. Archived from 4002: 3946:Cummings, Nick (11 June 2020). 3788: 3707: 3689:Surendra Singh (Feb 17, 2021). 3682: 3653: 3626:from the original on 2021-07-13 3549: 3496: 3471: 3401: 3378: 3352: 3220: 3136:Jonathan Amos (30 April 2015). 3092: 3051: 3029: 2982: 2908:Boyle, Alan (2 November 2014). 2879: 2828: 2018:was a project by the Air Force 1802:super heavy-lift launch vehicle 1489:As of May 2022 there have been 1120:New Shepard (USA, 2006–ongoing) 558:Apollo Program (USA, 1961–1975) 384:Project Gemini (USA, 1965–1966) 4291:Chang, Kenneth (25 May 2019). 3954:American Astronautical Society 3748:(in Russian). 26 February 2022 3074:"Orbital Complex Construction" 2953:Gwynne Shotwell (2014-03-21). 2770: 2671: 2638: 2616: 2403:List of Constellation missions 2228:Rockwell X-30 (USA, 1986–1993) 1708:SPICA (Denmark, 2008–ongoing) 1575:The goal of the next phase of 1505:Chinese Tiangong Space Station 1203:program was the world's first 666:Space Shuttle (USA, 1972–2011) 635:and the joint American-Soviet 623:of the United States. It used 13: 1: 10966:HL-20 Personnel Launch System 8991:Private spaceflight companies 7934:Rocket and missile technology 4748:Grush, Loren (May 17, 2019). 3846:Berger, Eric (5 March 2020). 3767:Foust, Jeff (23 March 2022). 2860:Wall, Mike (8 October 2014). 2790:"Chinese Crewed Capsule 1978" 2609: 2108:TKS (Soviet Union, 1970–1991) 1841:Iranian Space Research Center 1808:since 2012, as a self-funded 1770:New Glenn (USA, 2012–ongoing) 1629:Dryden Flight Research Center 1554:was launched and docked with 1480:United States Orbital Segment 1285:was launched and operated by 1069:Starliner (USA, 2010–ongoing) 221:and NASA's Space Task Group. 64:United States Astronaut Badge 8605:Earth observation satellites 8460:Cumulative spacewalk records 5903:Public-sector space agencies 4382:"SPIRAL project Description" 3563:. 5 May 2020. Archived from 2337:Venturestar (USA, 1996–2001) 2001:program to develop a crewed 1789:Starship (USA, 2012-ongoing) 1509:In 2011, China launched the 1443:rockets as well as American 1009:Dragon 2 (USA, 2010–ongoing) 918:. The craft are designed by 782:landing humans on the Moon, 482:Russian Federal Space Agency 48:commercial human spaceflight 7: 10861:International Space Station 10660:Outline of the Solar System 10423:Interplanetary medium/space 9029:First satellites by country 4465:Zak, Anatoly (2009-04-29). 3532:"Space Laboratory Missions" 2891:The Bakersfield Californian 2529: 2524:International Space Station 2428:International Space Station 2156:Shuguang (China, 1968–1972) 2123:International Space Station 1738:Orel (Russia, 2009–ongoing) 1417:International Space Station 1334:International Space Station 1332:in orbit, succeeded by the 1248:/DOS-4 (1975–1976, 2 crews) 1114:crewed demonstration flight 1095:International Space Station 1049:occurred in March 2019, an 737:International Space Station 528:International Space Station 431:Soyuz rocket on launch pad. 10: 11052: 10976:Manned Orbiting Laboratory 10842:human spaceflight programs 10376:Extraterrestrial materials 8720:Medium-lift launch vehicle 8521:Objects at Lagrange points 5700:ISS Deorbit Vehicle (2030) 4909:Command and service module 4665:Foust, Jeff (2016-05-31). 3622:(in Chinese). 2021-04-29. 3228:"NASA Sightings Help Page" 3182:Foust, Jeff (2015-04-30). 3151:Bezos, Jeff (2015-04-27). 3121:Doug Mohney (7 May 2015). 2567:List of human spaceflights 2449:XCOR Lynx (USA, 2008–2016) 2400: 2386:Kliper (Russia, 2004–2007) 2277:HOPE-X (Japan, 1980s–2003) 2057:Manned Orbiting Laboratory 1989:Dyna-Soar (USA, 1957–1963) 1850: 1577:China Manned Space Program 1346:. The station served as a 1207:program undertaken by the 814:China Manned Space Program 600:orbiting above during the 524:Progress supply spacecraft 392:Gemini spacecraft on orbit 226:McDonnell Aircraft Company 73: 39:Human spaceflight programs 31:List of human spaceflights 28: 10948: 10885: 10874: 10848: 10696:Earth sciences portal 10655: 10610: 10547: 10418:Interplanetary dust cloud 10297: 10133: 10063: 9774: 9716: 9409: 9262: 9104: 9014: 8969: 8953: 8738: 8725:Heavy-lift launch vehicle 8715:Small-lift launch vehicle 8658: 8578: 8504:Landings on other planets 8482: 8435: 8307: 8279: 8251: 8191: 8139: 8096: 7951: 7942: 7894: 7881: 7813: 7730: 7606: 7564: 7422: 7000: 6882: 6875: 6688: 6605: 6529: 6361: 6302: 6286: 6279: 6154: 6040: 6033: 5939: 5916: 5909: 5851: 5820: 5767: 5594: 5551: 5474: 5336: 5244: 5237: 5187: 5118: 5087: 5078: 5019: 4941: 4858: 4807: 4652:Midland Reporter-Telegram 2794:Encyclopedia Astronautica 2557:List of crewed spacecraft 2502:OPSEK (Russia, 2009–2017) 2352:by developing a reusable 2304:Kankoh-maru (Japan, 1995) 2212:Zarya (Russia, 1986–1989) 2144:project begun in 1976 at 2036:Manned Orbital Laboratory 1837:Iranian crewed spacecraft 1747: 1658:Sierra Nevada Corporation 1558:. Two astronauts entered 1356:in which crews conducted 1093:to transport crew to the 944:Mojave Aerospace Ventures 680:launches at the start of 637:Apollo-Soyuz Test Project 444: 325: 273:, that were made for the 117:reconnaissance programs. 10709:Local Interstellar Cloud 9427:other near-Earth objects 9006:Spacecraft manufacturers 8541:leaving the Solar System 5808:Uranus Orbiter and Probe 3062:(Press release). Boeing. 2495:Axe Apollo Space Academy 2265:MAKS (Russia, 1988–1991) 1922:launch service providers 1901:distant retrograde orbit 1312:(USSR/Russia, 1986–2001) 1148:founder and businessman 1045:in May 2015. A one-week 884:sub-orbital spaceflights 510:are manufactured at the 508:expendable launch system 501:Sergei Pavlovich Korolev 108:project and adapted the 10672:Solar System portal 10398:Giant-impact hypothesis 10005:Trans-Neptunian objects 8420:timeline by nationality 7886:Timeline of spaceflight 3278:Gary Kitmacher (2006). 3102:. NASA. 18 January 2022 2678:Sparrow, Giles (2019). 2645:Burgess, Colin (2014). 2520:Russian Orbital Segment 2245:Hermes (ESA, 1987–1993) 2184:Saenger (Germany, 1985) 2065:United States Air Force 1999:United States Air Force 1997:(Dynamic Soarer) was a 1983:United States Air Force 1718:sub-orbital spaceflight 1476:Russian Orbital Segment 1301:(CSM) atop the smaller 1271:Skylab (USA, 1973–1974) 1110:Another uncrewed flight 991:Commercial Crew Program 926:. In 2004 it made the 402:extravehicular activity 259:rocket-powered aircraft 120:Vostok 1 was the first 10560:Possible dwarf planets 10403:Gravitational collapse 10341:Circumstellar envelope 9146: 9039:Constellation missions 8666:Orbital launch systems 8558:Timeline of satellites 8499:Interplanetary voyages 4726:. BBC News. 2009-05-22 3798:. CBS News. 2015-09-15 2457: 2331:ARCA Space Corporation 1861: 1728:Copenhagen Suborbitals 1713:Copenhagen Suborbitals 1704:no earlier than 2025. 1632: 1585:. The first module of 1513:target spacecraft and 1506: 1491:66 long duration crews 1405:28 long duration crews 1320: 1279: 1130:reusable launch system 1089:under construction by 1078: 1018: 878:, in conjunction with 856: 771: 741:Hubble Space Telescope 684: 570: 432: 406:rendezvous and docking 393: 250: 180: 93: 11036:Spaceflight timelines 10769:Laniakea Supercluster 10386:Sample-return mission 9145: 8954:Launches by spaceport 8563:Sample-return mission 8077:Civilian spaceflight 5667:Venus Orbiter Mission 4386:www.buran-energia.com 3616:"空间站天和核心舱飞行任务新闻发布会召开" 2456: 2408:Project Constellation 2292:RAKS (Russia, 1993–?) 2201:HOTOL (UK, 1986–1988) 2150:Space Shuttle program 2020:Space System Division 1860: 1804:under development by 1626: 1504: 1319: 1278: 1144:, a company owned by 1140:crewed spacecraft by 1076: 1016: 979:its first spaceflight 855: 794:spacecraft. Nineteen 766: 693:Space Shuttle orbiter 673: 569:used on Apollos 15–17 565: 430: 391: 367:("spacewalk") during 269:, initiated with the 267:experimental aircraft 248: 178: 91: 10971:Man in Space Soonest 10684:Astronomy portal 10585:Solar System objects 10331:Circumplanetary disk 8678:Sounding rocket list 8617:Geosynchronous orbit 8553:Missions to the Moon 8325:by year of selection 7825:Soviet space program 4108:"NASA: Moon to Mars" 4022:on 23 September 2015 2934:on 12 September 2016 1979:Man In Space Soonest 1330:artificial satellite 1106:uncrewed test flight 1051:in-flight abort test 888:orbital spaceflights 862:is a company within 567:Lunar Roving Vehicle 514:(TsSKB-Progress) in 157:Valentina Tereshkova 10986:Orbital Space Plane 10913:Apollo Applications 10783:Observable universe 10580:Solar System models 10510:Protoplanetary disk 10433:Interstellar medium 10393:Frost/Ice/Snow line 9015:Other mission lists 8996:Rocket launch sites 8970:Agencies, companies 8266:Crewed Spaceflights 7924:Spaceflight records 7876:lists and timelines 6975:Guiana Space Centre 5073:Future spaceflights 4914:Apollo Lunar Module 4654:. 8 September 2015. 4544:on February 4, 2010 4422:www.astronautix.com 4088:on 21 February 2015 3650:. (24 January 2014) 3415:. 29 February 2012. 3257:. Springer-Praxis. 2714:Jenkins, Dennis R. 2628:www.astronautix.com 2443:Space Launch System 2174:Piloted FSW program 1893:Space Launch System 1825:atmospheric reentry 1821:development program 1810:private spaceflight 1724:HEAT 1X Tycho Brahe 1538:In September 2016, 1221:spaceflight records 1036:Launch Abort System 909:reusable spacecraft 864:Sir Richard Branson 818:Shenzhou spacecraft 768:Shenzhou spacecraft 581:missions. In 1961, 548:Guiana Space Centre 544:Plesetsk Cosmodrome 536:Baikonur Cosmodrome 283:edge of outer space 230:St. Louis, Missouri 106:Zenit spy satellite 70:Successful programs 10763:Virgo Supercluster 10744:Milky Way subgroup 10575:Natural satellites 10458:Nebular hypothesis 10438:Interstellar space 10428:Interstellar cloud 10336:Circumstellar disc 9926:Near-Earth objects 9810:names and meanings 9147: 8915:Thor DM-21 Agena-B 8905:Thor DM-18 Agena-A 8818:Falcon 9 and Heavy 8514:artificial objects 8465:Longest spacewalks 8028:Vostok and Voskhod 5151:Boeing Starliner-1 4518:2010-01-29 at the 4428:on August 1, 2016. 4300:The New York Times 4062:. 17 February 2015 4046:Tasnim News Agency 3695:The Times of India 3620:China Manned Space 3591:China Manned Space 3561:China Manned Space 3536:China Manned Space 3508:China Manned Space 3483:China Manned Space 3365:washingtonpost.com 3286:. pp. 71–80. 2840:China Manned Space 2766:on April 15, 2009. 2741:2018-04-13 at the 2544:Spaceflight portal 2458: 2371:Hopper (ESA, 2000) 2360:Fuji (Japan, 2001) 2222:Soyuz (spacecraft) 2069:crewed spaceflight 2063:) was part of the 1897:Orion (spacecraft) 1862: 1633: 1507: 1321: 1280: 1104:Starliner made an 1079: 1019: 857: 772: 685: 571: 433: 394: 342:Voskhod spacecraft 251: 196:Mercury-Redstone 3 181: 94: 11031:Human spaceflight 11011: 11010: 10805: 10804: 10650: 10649: 10646: 10645: 10623:Lagrangian points 10595:by discovery date 10193:Human spaceflight 10164:historical models 10057: 10056: 9682:S/2015 (136472) 1 9064: 9063: 8478: 8477: 7959:Crewed spacecraft 7944:Human spaceflight 7902:Space exploration 7840: 7839: 7560: 7559: 6871: 6870: 6275: 6274: 6157:and the Caribbean 6029: 6028: 5869: 5868: 5816: 5815: 5677:Comet Interceptor 5641:Rosalind Franklin 5360:Lunar Trailblazer 5233: 5232: 5040: 5039: 4796:Crewed spacecraft 4209:. NASA. p. 7 3679:. 15 August 2018. 3389:. Spaceflight Now 3293:978-1-894959-34-6 3264:978-0-387-78144-0 2656:978-3-319-01155-4 2552:Human spaceflight 2327:Scaled Composites 2032:Gemini spacecraft 1953:CST-100 Starliner 1670:land horizontally 1548:. A month later, 1077:Starliner mock up 914:and its launcher 905:human spaceflight 898:Scaled Composites 880:Scaled Composites 625:Apollo spacecraft 155:mission flown by 122:human spaceflight 112:from an existing 102:Vostok spacecraft 55:human spaceflight 16:(Redirected from 11043: 10880: 10832: 10825: 10818: 10809: 10808: 10799: 10797: 10788: 10781: 10774: 10767: 10761: 10755: 10749: 10742: 10735: 10728: 10721: 10714: 10707: 10694: 10693: 10692: 10682: 10681: 10680: 10670: 10669: 10668: 10371:Exozodiacal dust 10061: 10060: 10027:Detached objects 9269: 9268: 9265: 9264: 9109: 9091: 9084: 9077: 9068: 9067: 8396:Space travelers 8392:Space scientists 8380:African American 7949: 7948: 7867: 7860: 7853: 7844: 7843: 7823:Preceded by the 7803: 7802: 7801: 7791: 7790: 7789: 7779: 7778: 7777: 7767: 7766: 7765: 7755: 7754: 7753: 7743: 7742: 7741: 7720: 7719: 7718: 7708: 7707: 7706: 7696: 7695: 7694: 7596: 7595: 7594: 7577: 7576: 7575: 7550: 7549: 7548: 7538: 7537: 7536: 7519: 7518: 7517: 7507: 7506: 7505: 7483: 7482: 7481: 7471: 7470: 7469: 7459: 7458: 7457: 7447: 7446: 7445: 7435: 7434: 7433: 7412: 7411: 7410: 7400: 7399: 7398: 7388: 7387: 7386: 7374: 7373: 7372: 7362: 7361: 7360: 7350: 7349: 7348: 7338: 7337: 7336: 7299: 7298: 7297: 7287: 7286: 7285: 7275: 7274: 7273: 7263: 7262: 7261: 7251: 7250: 7249: 7239: 7238: 7237: 7227: 7226: 7225: 7215: 7214: 7213: 7203: 7202: 7201: 7191: 7190: 7189: 7172: 7171: 7170: 7160: 7159: 7158: 7148: 7147: 7146: 7136: 7135: 7134: 7124: 7123: 7122: 7112: 7111: 7110: 7093: 7092: 7091: 7081: 7080: 7079: 7069: 7068: 7067: 7057: 7056: 7055: 7045: 7044: 7043: 7031: 7030: 7029: 7019: 7018: 7017: 6926: 6925: 6924: 6880: 6879: 6856: 6855: 6854: 6837: 6836: 6835: 6818: 6817: 6816: 6799: 6798: 6797: 6780: 6779: 6778: 6761: 6760: 6759: 6749: 6748: 6747: 6737: 6736: 6735: 6725: 6724: 6723: 6713: 6712: 6711: 6701: 6700: 6699: 6678: 6677: 6676: 6666: 6665: 6664: 6654: 6653: 6652: 6642: 6641: 6640: 6630: 6629: 6628: 6618: 6617: 6616: 6595: 6594: 6593: 6583: 6582: 6581: 6554: 6553: 6552: 6542: 6541: 6540: 6519: 6518: 6517: 6507: 6506: 6505: 6483: 6482: 6481: 6471: 6470: 6469: 6459: 6458: 6457: 6447: 6446: 6445: 6428: 6427: 6426: 6374: 6373: 6372: 6351: 6350: 6349: 6327: 6326: 6325: 6315: 6314: 6313: 6284: 6283: 6258: 6257: 6256: 6246: 6245: 6244: 6217: 6216: 6215: 6205: 6204: 6203: 6193: 6192: 6191: 6181: 6180: 6179: 6169: 6168: 6167: 6144: 6143: 6142: 6132: 6131: 6130: 6120: 6119: 6118: 6108: 6107: 6106: 6096: 6095: 6094: 6077: 6076: 6075: 6065: 6064: 6063: 6053: 6052: 6051: 6038: 6037: 6019: 6018: 6017: 6007: 6006: 6005: 5995: 5994: 5993: 5983: 5982: 5981: 5964: 5963: 5962: 5952: 5951: 5950: 5914: 5913: 5896: 5889: 5882: 5873: 5872: 5242: 5241: 5085: 5084: 5067: 5060: 5053: 5044: 5043: 4789: 4782: 4775: 4766: 4765: 4761: 4759: 4757: 4735: 4734: 4732: 4731: 4720: 4714: 4713: 4711: 4710: 4701:. 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Archived from 3148: 3142: 3141: 3133: 3127: 3126: 3118: 3112: 3111: 3109: 3107: 3096: 3090: 3089: 3087: 3085: 3080:on July 10, 2010 3070: 3064: 3063: 3055: 3049: 3048: 3046: 3044: 3033: 3027: 3026: 3024: 3022: 3016:NASA Spaceflight 3007: 3001: 3000: 2998: 2997: 2986: 2980: 2979: 2972: 2971: 2965: 2950: 2944: 2943: 2941: 2939: 2924: 2918: 2917: 2905: 2899: 2898: 2893:. Archived from 2883: 2877: 2876: 2874: 2872: 2857: 2851: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2832: 2826: 2825: 2823: 2822: 2813:. Archived from 2808: 2806: 2805: 2796:. Archived from 2786: 2780: 2774: 2768: 2767: 2752: 2746: 2733: 2727: 2712: 2706: 2700: 2694: 2693: 2675: 2669: 2668: 2642: 2636: 2635: 2634:on 3 March 2016. 2630:. Archived from 2620: 2546: 2541: 2540: 2539: 2420:delivery systems 2239:List of X-planes 2162:Shuguang program 1933:lunar south pole 1878:lunar south pole 1749: 1342: 1083:Boeing Starliner 1034:engines each as 753:Soyuz spacecraft 520:Soyuz spacecraft 489:Soyuz spacecraft 474:Soyuz spacecraft 455: 453:[sɐˈjus] 450: 446: 327: 277:, NASA, and the 261:was part of the 21: 11051: 11050: 11046: 11045: 11044: 11042: 11041: 11040: 11016: 11015: 11012: 11007: 10991:Orion (nuclear) 10944: 10881: 10872: 10866:Commercial Crew 10844: 10836: 10806: 10801: 10795: 10793: 10792: 10786: 10779: 10772: 10765: 10759: 10753: 10747: 10740: 10733: 10726: 10719: 10712: 10705: 10690: 10688: 10678: 10676: 10666: 10664: 10651: 10642: 10606: 10543: 10527:vs. Hill sphere 10453:Molecular cloud 10381:Sample curation 10361:Detached object 10300: 10293: 10137: 10129: 10066: 10053: 9998:Neptune trojans 9781: 9779: 9777: 9770: 9712: 9405: 9276: 9258: 9144: 9107: 9100: 9095: 9065: 9060: 9016: 9010: 8971: 8965: 8949: 8900:Thor DM-18 Able 8808:Delta IV Medium 8740: 8734: 8710:Sounding rocket 8654: 8581: 8574: 8485: 8474: 8431: 8405:by first flight 8303: 8275: 8247: 8187: 8135: 8092: 7938: 7890: 7877: 7871: 7841: 7836: 7809: 7799: 7797: 7787: 7785: 7775: 7773: 7763: 7761: 7751: 7749: 7739: 7737: 7726: 7716: 7714: 7704: 7702: 7692: 7690: 7602: 7592: 7590: 7573: 7571: 7556: 7546: 7544: 7534: 7532: 7515: 7513: 7503: 7501: 7479: 7477: 7467: 7465: 7455: 7453: 7443: 7441: 7431: 7429: 7418: 7408: 7406: 7396: 7394: 7384: 7382: 7370: 7368: 7358: 7356: 7346: 7344: 7334: 7332: 7295: 7293: 7283: 7281: 7271: 7269: 7259: 7257: 7247: 7245: 7235: 7233: 7223: 7221: 7211: 7209: 7199: 7197: 7187: 7185: 7168: 7166: 7156: 7154: 7144: 7142: 7132: 7130: 7120: 7118: 7108: 7106: 7089: 7087: 7077: 7075: 7065: 7063: 7053: 7051: 7041: 7039: 7027: 7025: 7015: 7013: 6996: 6922: 6920: 6867: 6852: 6850: 6833: 6831: 6814: 6812: 6795: 6793: 6776: 6774: 6757: 6755: 6745: 6743: 6733: 6731: 6721: 6719: 6709: 6707: 6697: 6695: 6684: 6674: 6672: 6662: 6660: 6650: 6648: 6638: 6636: 6626: 6624: 6614: 6612: 6601: 6591: 6589: 6579: 6577: 6550: 6548: 6538: 6536: 6525: 6515: 6513: 6503: 6501: 6479: 6477: 6467: 6465: 6455: 6453: 6443: 6441: 6424: 6422: 6370: 6368: 6357: 6347: 6345: 6323: 6321: 6311: 6309: 6298: 6271: 6254: 6252: 6242: 6240: 6213: 6211: 6201: 6199: 6189: 6187: 6177: 6175: 6165: 6163: 6156: 6150: 6140: 6138: 6128: 6126: 6116: 6114: 6104: 6102: 6092: 6090: 6073: 6071: 6061: 6059: 6049: 6047: 6025: 6015: 6013: 6003: 6001: 5991: 5989: 5979: 5977: 5960: 5958: 5948: 5946: 5935: 5918: 5905: 5900: 5870: 5865: 5847: 5822: 5812: 5763: 5590: 5547: 5470: 5332: 5229: 5183: 5145:Axiom Mission 4 5114: 5074: 5071: 5041: 5036: 5015: 4937: 4854: 4803: 4793: 4755: 4753: 4744: 4739: 4738: 4729: 4727: 4722: 4721: 4717: 4708: 4706: 4697: 4696: 4692: 4677: 4675: 4663: 4659: 4646: 4645: 4641: 4631: 4629: 4627:Washington Post 4619: 4615: 4605: 4603: 4599: 4592: 4588: 4587: 4583: 4573: 4571: 4561: 4557: 4547: 4545: 4530: 4526: 4520:Wayback Machine 4511: 4507: 4494: 4493: 4489: 4475: 4473: 4463: 4459: 4449: 4447: 4438: 4437: 4433: 4416: 4415: 4411: 4398: 4397: 4393: 4380: 4379: 4375: 4361: 4357: 4341: 4340: 4328: 4324: 4310: 4308: 4289: 4285: 4277: 4273: 4265: 4261: 4256:. 21 July 2019. 4252: 4251: 4247: 4226: 4222: 4212: 4210: 4206: 4200: 4196: 4181: 4177: 4167: 4165: 4158: 4154: 4144: 4142: 4135: 4131: 4121: 4119: 4106: 4105: 4101: 4091: 4089: 4080: 4079: 4075: 4065: 4063: 4058: 4057: 4053: 4040: 4039: 4035: 4025: 4023: 4019: 4012: 4008: 4007: 4003: 3989: 3987: 3976: 3972: 3958: 3956: 3942:Wayback Machine 3935: 3931: 3921: 3919: 3907: 3900: 3890: 3888: 3878: 3874: 3858: 3856: 3844: 3840: 3830: 3828: 3815: 3814: 3810: 3801: 3799: 3794: 3793: 3789: 3779: 3777: 3765: 3761: 3751: 3749: 3738: 3737: 3733: 3724: 3722: 3713: 3712: 3708: 3699: 3697: 3687: 3683: 3671: 3667: 3658: 3654: 3642: 3638: 3629: 3627: 3614: 3613: 3606: 3596: 3594: 3593:. 30 April 2021 3585: 3584: 3580: 3570: 3568: 3567:on 17 June 2021 3555: 3554: 3550: 3540: 3538: 3530: 3529: 3522: 3512: 3510: 3502: 3501: 3497: 3487: 3485: 3479:"Shenzhou VIII" 3477: 3476: 3472: 3462: 3460: 3450: 3446: 3436: 3434: 3424: 3420: 3407: 3406: 3402: 3392: 3390: 3383: 3379: 3369: 3367: 3357: 3353: 3343: 3341: 3336: 3335: 3331: 3321: 3319: 3314: 3313: 3309: 3294: 3276: 3272: 3265: 3251: 3247: 3237: 3235: 3226: 3225: 3221: 3206: 3202: 3192: 3190: 3180: 3176: 3166: 3164: 3149: 3145: 3134: 3130: 3119: 3115: 3105: 3103: 3098: 3097: 3093: 3083: 3081: 3072: 3071: 3067: 3056: 3052: 3042: 3040: 3035: 3034: 3030: 3020: 3018: 3008: 3004: 2995: 2993: 2988: 2987: 2983: 2969: 2967: 2963: 2952: 2951: 2947: 2937: 2935: 2926: 2925: 2921: 2906: 2902: 2885: 2884: 2880: 2870: 2868: 2858: 2854: 2844: 2842: 2834: 2833: 2829: 2820: 2818: 2809: 2803: 2801: 2788: 2787: 2783: 2775: 2771: 2754: 2753: 2749: 2743:Wayback Machine 2734: 2730: 2713: 2709: 2701: 2697: 2690: 2676: 2672: 2657: 2643: 2639: 2622: 2621: 2617: 2612: 2542: 2537: 2535: 2532: 2516:Low Earth orbit 2504: 2451: 2439:Artemis program 2418:and respective 2405: 2399: 2388: 2373: 2362: 2346:Lockheed Martin 2339: 2318: 2306: 2294: 2279: 2267: 2257:and the larger 2247: 2230: 2214: 2203: 2186: 2170: 2158: 2140:was a reusable 2131: 2110: 2097: 2053: 2044: 2012: 1991: 1976: 1968: 1951:and the Boeing 1941: 1855: 1853:Artemis program 1849: 1833: 1795:SpaceX Starship 1791: 1772: 1740: 1710: 1702:low Earth orbit 1683: 1662:low Earth orbit 1621: 1613: 1499: 1425:low Earth orbit 1413: 1393:Valeri Polyakov 1340: 1314: 1273: 1197: 1189: 1122: 1071: 1023:SpaceX Dragon 2 1011: 987: 959:Virgin Galactic 948:Virgin Galactic 942:. The company 860:Virgin Galactic 850: 812:In 1992, under 761: 701:low Earth orbit 668: 598:Michael Collins 586:John F. Kennedy 560: 448: 425: 413:Mercury Mark II 386: 363:made the first 318:Voskhod program 314: 306:astronaut wings 243: 192:Mercury-Atlas 6 184:Project Mercury 173: 165:firsts in space 161:Voskhod program 86: 78: 72: 34: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 11049: 11039: 11038: 11033: 11028: 11009: 11008: 11006: 11005: 10998: 10993: 10988: 10983: 10978: 10973: 10968: 10963: 10958: 10952: 10950: 10946: 10945: 10943: 10942: 10941: 10940: 10927: 10926: 10925: 10920: 10910: 10905: 10900: 10895: 10889: 10887: 10883: 10882: 10875: 10873: 10871: 10870: 10869: 10868: 10858: 10852: 10850: 10846: 10845: 10835: 10834: 10827: 10820: 10812: 10803: 10802: 10699: 10698: 10686: 10674: 10662: 10656: 10653: 10652: 10648: 10647: 10644: 10643: 10641: 10640: 10635: 10630: 10625: 10620: 10614: 10612: 10608: 10607: 10605: 10604: 10599: 10598: 10597: 10592: 10582: 10577: 10572: 10567: 10562: 10557: 10551: 10549: 10545: 10544: 10542: 10541: 10539:Scattered disc 10536: 10531: 10530: 10529: 10519: 10514: 10513: 10512: 10507: 10506: 10505: 10495: 10490: 10485: 10480: 10470: 10465: 10460: 10455: 10450: 10445: 10440: 10435: 10430: 10425: 10420: 10415: 10410: 10405: 10400: 10395: 10390: 10389: 10388: 10383: 10373: 10368: 10363: 10358: 10353: 10348: 10343: 10338: 10333: 10328: 10327: 10326: 10324:Excretion disk 10319:Accretion disk 10316: 10311: 10309:Star formation 10305: 10303: 10295: 10294: 10292: 10291: 10286: 10281: 10276: 10271: 10266: 10261: 10256: 10255: 10254: 10244: 10239: 10234: 10233: 10232: 10222: 10217: 10212: 10211: 10210: 10205: 10200: 10198:space stations 10190: 10189: 10188: 10183: 10173: 10172: 10171: 10166: 10161: 10151: 10145: 10143: 10131: 10130: 10128: 10127: 10122: 10117: 10112: 10107: 10102: 10097: 10092: 10087: 10082: 10077: 10071: 10069: 10058: 10055: 10054: 10052: 10051: 10046: 10045: 10044: 10039: 10037:Scattered disc 10034: 10029: 10024: 10023: 10022: 10017: 10002: 10001: 10000: 9995: 9985: 9984: 9983: 9978: 9973: 9968: 9963: 9958: 9953: 9948: 9943: 9933: 9928: 9923: 9922: 9921: 9916: 9911: 9906: 9905: 9904: 9899: 9889: 9884: 9879: 9869: 9868: 9867: 9862: 9857: 9852: 9847: 9842: 9837: 9832: 9824: 9819: 9818: 9817: 9812: 9802: 9797: 9792: 9786: 9784: 9772: 9771: 9769: 9768: 9763: 9758: 9753: 9748: 9743: 9738: 9728: 9722: 9720: 9714: 9713: 9711: 9710: 9709: 9708: 9698: 9697: 9696: 9686: 9685: 9684: 9674: 9673: 9672: 9662: 9661: 9660: 9655: 9645: 9644: 9643: 9638: 9633: 9628: 9623: 9613: 9612: 9611: 9601: 9600: 9599: 9594: 9589: 9584: 9574: 9573: 9572: 9567: 9562: 9557: 9552: 9547: 9537: 9536: 9535: 9530: 9525: 9520: 9515: 9510: 9505: 9500: 9495: 9490: 9480: 9479: 9478: 9473: 9468: 9463: 9458: 9448: 9447: 9446: 9441: 9431: 9430: 9429: 9424: 9415: 9413: 9407: 9406: 9404: 9403: 9402: 9401: 9396: 9391: 9386: 9381: 9376: 9371: 9366: 9361: 9351: 9350: 9349: 9348: 9347: 9342: 9332: 9331: 9330: 9325: 9310: 9309: 9308: 9303: 9298: 9293: 9282: 9280: 9263: 9260: 9259: 9257: 9256: 9249: 9242: 9235: 9228: 9221: 9214: 9207: 9200: 9195: 9190: 9185: 9180: 9173: 9168: 9163: 9158: 9153: 9105: 9102: 9101: 9094: 9093: 9086: 9079: 9071: 9062: 9061: 9059: 9058: 9053: 9048: 9043: 9042: 9041: 9031: 9026: 9020: 9018: 9012: 9011: 9009: 9008: 9003: 9001:Space agencies 8998: 8993: 8988: 8987: 8986: 8975: 8973: 8972:and facilities 8967: 8966: 8964: 8963: 8957: 8955: 8951: 8950: 8948: 8947: 8942: 8937: 8932: 8927: 8922: 8917: 8912: 8907: 8902: 8897: 8892: 8890:Thor and Delta 8887: 8882: 8877: 8872: 8867: 8862: 8857: 8852: 8847: 8842: 8837: 8832: 8831: 8830: 8825: 8815: 8810: 8805: 8803:Delta IV Heavy 8800: 8795: 8790: 8785: 8780: 8775: 8770: 8765: 8760: 8755: 8750: 8744: 8742: 8741:by rocket type 8736: 8735: 8733: 8732: 8727: 8722: 8717: 8712: 8707: 8702: 8701: 8700: 8695: 8690: 8680: 8675: 8674: 8673: 8662: 8660: 8656: 8655: 8653: 8652: 8647: 8642: 8637: 8636:Magnetospheric 8634: 8629: 8624: 8619: 8614: 8613: 8612: 8602: 8597: 8592: 8586: 8584: 8580:Earth-orbiting 8576: 8575: 8573: 8572: 8571: 8570: 8560: 8555: 8550: 8549: 8548: 8543: 8538: 8533: 8523: 8518: 8517: 8516: 8511: 8501: 8496: 8490: 8488: 8480: 8479: 8476: 8475: 8473: 8472: 8467: 8462: 8457: 8452: 8447: 8441: 8439: 8433: 8432: 8430: 8429: 8424: 8423: 8422: 8417: 8412: 8410:by nationality 8407: 8402: 8394: 8389: 8388: 8387: 8382: 8377: 8372: 8367: 8362: 8357: 8352: 8347: 8342: 8337: 8332: 8327: 8322: 8311: 8309: 8305: 8304: 8302: 8301: 8296: 8291: 8285: 8283: 8277: 8276: 8274: 8273: 8268: 8263: 8257: 8255: 8249: 8248: 8246: 8245: 8240: 8235: 8230: 8229: 8228: 8223: 8215: 8214: 8213: 8208: 8197: 8195: 8189: 8188: 8186: 8185: 8180: 8175: 8174: 8173: 8168: 8160: 8159: 8158: 8147: 8145: 8137: 8136: 8134: 8133: 8128: 8123: 8122: 8121: 8116: 8108: 8102: 8100: 8094: 8093: 8091: 8090: 8089: 8088: 8083: 8075: 8070: 8065: 8060: 8055: 8050: 8045: 8040: 8035: 8030: 8025: 8020: 8015: 8014: 8013: 8008: 8003: 7998: 7993: 7988: 7983: 7973: 7972: 7971: 7966: 7955: 7953: 7946: 7940: 7939: 7937: 7936: 7931: 7926: 7921: 7916: 7915: 7914: 7909: 7898: 7896: 7892: 7891: 7889: 7888: 7882: 7879: 7878: 7870: 7869: 7862: 7855: 7847: 7838: 7837: 7835: 7834: 7827: 7821: 7814: 7811: 7810: 7808: 7807: 7795: 7783: 7771: 7759: 7747: 7734: 7732: 7728: 7727: 7725: 7724: 7712: 7700: 7688: 7683: 7678: 7673: 7668: 7663: 7658: 7653: 7648: 7643: 7638: 7633: 7632: 7631: 7621: 7616: 7610: 7608: 7604: 7603: 7601: 7600: 7588: 7587: 7586: 7568: 7566: 7562: 7561: 7558: 7557: 7555: 7554: 7542: 7530: 7529: 7528: 7511: 7499: 7498: 7497: 7492: 7475: 7463: 7451: 7439: 7426: 7424: 7420: 7419: 7417: 7416: 7404: 7392: 7380: 7379: 7378: 7354: 7342: 7330: 7329: 7328: 7323: 7318: 7313: 7308: 7291: 7279: 7267: 7255: 7243: 7231: 7219: 7207: 7195: 7183: 7182: 7181: 7164: 7152: 7140: 7128: 7116: 7104: 7103: 7102: 7085: 7073: 7061: 7049: 7037: 7036: 7035: 7010: 7008: 6998: 6997: 6995: 6994: 6989: 6984: 6979: 6978: 6977: 6972: 6971: 6970: 6960: 6955: 6950: 6945: 6940: 6935: 6918: 6913: 6908: 6907: 6906: 6896: 6886: 6884: 6877: 6873: 6872: 6869: 6868: 6866: 6865: 6848: 6847: 6846: 6829: 6828: 6827: 6810: 6809: 6808: 6791: 6790: 6789: 6772: 6771: 6770: 6753: 6741: 6729: 6717: 6705: 6692: 6690: 6686: 6685: 6683: 6682: 6670: 6658: 6646: 6634: 6622: 6609: 6607: 6606:Southeast Asia 6603: 6602: 6600: 6599: 6587: 6575: 6574: 6573: 6568: 6563: 6546: 6533: 6531: 6527: 6526: 6524: 6523: 6511: 6499: 6498: 6497: 6492: 6475: 6463: 6451: 6439: 6438: 6437: 6420: 6419: 6418: 6413: 6408: 6407: 6406: 6403: 6398: 6393: 6383: 6365: 6363: 6359: 6358: 6356: 6355: 6343: 6342: 6341: 6336: 6319: 6306: 6304: 6300: 6299: 6297: 6296: 6290: 6288: 6281: 6277: 6276: 6273: 6272: 6270: 6269: 6268: 6267: 6250: 6238: 6237: 6236: 6231: 6226: 6209: 6197: 6185: 6173: 6160: 6158: 6152: 6151: 6149: 6148: 6136: 6124: 6112: 6100: 6088: 6087: 6086: 6069: 6057: 6044: 6042: 6035: 6031: 6030: 6027: 6026: 6024: 6023: 6011: 5999: 5987: 5975: 5974: 5973: 5956: 5943: 5941: 5937: 5936: 5934: 5933: 5928: 5922: 5920: 5911: 5907: 5906: 5899: 5898: 5891: 5884: 5876: 5867: 5866: 5864: 5863: 5858: 5852: 5849: 5848: 5846: 5845: 5844:(11 September) 5839: 5838:(10 September) 5833: 5826: 5824: 5818: 5817: 5814: 5813: 5811: 5810: 5805: 5799: 5794: 5789: 5784: 5779: 5773: 5771: 5765: 5764: 5762: 5761: 5755: 5749: 5743: 5737: 5731: 5725: 5719: 5713: 5707: 5701: 5698: 5692: 5686: 5680: 5670: 5664: 5658: 5652: 5646: 5637: 5631: 5625: 5619: 5613: 5607: 5600: 5598: 5592: 5591: 5589: 5588: 5583: 5574: 5568: 5563: 5557: 5555: 5549: 5548: 5546: 5545: 5540: 5535: 5530: 5525: 5519: 5514: 5509: 5504: 5499: 5490: 5480: 5478: 5472: 5471: 5469: 5468: 5462: 5456: 5451: 5441: 5436: 5431: 5426: 5421: 5416: 5410: 5404: 5398: 5393: 5388: 5383: 5378: 5373: 5363: 5353: 5348: 5342: 5340: 5334: 5333: 5331: 5330: 5324: 5318: 5304: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5284: 5279: 5276:Europa Clipper 5273: 5268: 5262: 5256: 5250: 5248: 5239: 5235: 5234: 5231: 5230: 5228: 5227: 5221: 5215: 5209: 5204: 5198: 5191: 5189: 5185: 5184: 5182: 5181: 5176: 5171: 5166: 5160: 5154: 5148: 5142: 5137: 5131: 5128:SpaceX Crew-10 5124: 5122: 5116: 5115: 5113: 5112: 5106: 5100: 5093: 5091: 5082: 5076: 5075: 5070: 5069: 5062: 5055: 5047: 5038: 5037: 5035: 5034: 5033: 5032: 5026:United States 5023: 5021: 5017: 5016: 5014: 5013: 5012: 5011: 5006: 5001: 5000: 4999: 4989: 4983:United States 4981: 4980: 4979: 4971: 4970: 4969: 4961: 4960: 4959: 4954: 4945: 4943: 4942:In development 4939: 4938: 4936: 4935: 4934: 4933: 4928: 4923: 4918: 4917: 4916: 4911: 4901: 4896: 4891: 4885:United States 4883: 4882: 4881: 4876: 4871: 4862: 4860: 4856: 4855: 4853: 4852: 4851: 4850: 4845: 4840: 4834:United States 4832: 4831: 4830: 4822: 4821: 4820: 4811: 4809: 4805: 4804: 4792: 4791: 4784: 4777: 4769: 4763: 4762: 4743: 4740: 4737: 4736: 4715: 4690: 4657: 4639: 4613: 4581: 4555: 4524: 4505: 4487: 4457: 4431: 4409: 4391: 4373: 4355: 4322: 4283: 4271: 4259: 4245: 4220: 4194: 4175: 4152: 4129: 4099: 4073: 4051: 4033: 4001: 3970: 3929: 3898: 3872: 3838: 3808: 3787: 3759: 3731: 3706: 3681: 3665: 3652: 3636: 3604: 3578: 3548: 3520: 3495: 3470: 3444: 3418: 3400: 3377: 3351: 3329: 3307: 3292: 3270: 3263: 3245: 3219: 3200: 3174: 3143: 3128: 3125:. TechZone360. 3113: 3091: 3065: 3050: 3028: 3002: 2992:. 8 March 2019 2981: 2945: 2919: 2900: 2897:on 2015-10-23. 2878: 2852: 2827: 2781: 2769: 2747: 2728: 2707: 2695: 2689:978-1465479655 2688: 2670: 2655: 2637: 2614: 2613: 2611: 2608: 2607: 2606: 2605: 2604: 2599: 2594: 2589: 2584: 2579: 2574: 2564: 2559: 2554: 2548: 2547: 2531: 2528: 2503: 2500: 2480:XCOR Aerospace 2473:rocket-powered 2450: 2447: 2422:for increased 2398: 2395: 2387: 2384: 2372: 2369: 2361: 2358: 2338: 2335: 2322:Ansari X Prize 2317: 2314: 2305: 2302: 2293: 2290: 2278: 2275: 2266: 2263: 2246: 2243: 2229: 2226: 2213: 2210: 2202: 2199: 2185: 2182: 2178:FSW satellites 2169: 2166: 2157: 2154: 2130: 2127: 2114:TKS spacecraft 2109: 2106: 2101:Spiral program 2096: 2093: 2089:Gemini program 2081:reconnaissance 2073:X-20 Dyna-Soar 2052: 2049: 2043: 2040: 2011: 2008: 1990: 1987: 1975: 1972: 1967: 1964: 1963: 1962: 1956: 1940: 1937: 1851:Main article: 1848: 1845: 1832: 1829: 1799:fully reusable 1790: 1787: 1771: 1768: 1739: 1736: 1709: 1706: 1682: 1679: 1620: 1617: 1612: 1609: 1498: 1495: 1478:(ROS) and the 1445:Space Shuttles 1412: 1409: 1313: 1307: 1272: 1269: 1268: 1267: 1261: 1255: 1249: 1243: 1237: 1231: 1196: 1193: 1188: 1185: 1121: 1118: 1087:space capsules 1085:is a class of 1070: 1067: 1010: 1007: 986: 983: 932:Ansari X Prize 849: 846: 842:Inner Mongolia 807:FSW satellites 760: 757: 674:Space Shuttle 667: 664: 633:Skylab program 614:celestial body 590:Neil Armstrong 575:Apollo Program 559: 556: 516:Samara, Russia 495:or the Soviet 424: 421: 397:Project Gemini 385: 382: 338:Vostok program 313: 310: 255:North American 249:X-15 in flight 242: 239: 234:Spacecraft #11 172: 169: 98:Vostok program 85: 82: 71: 68: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11048: 11037: 11034: 11032: 11029: 11027: 11024: 11023: 11021: 11014: 11004: 11003: 10999: 10997: 10994: 10992: 10989: 10987: 10984: 10982: 10979: 10977: 10974: 10972: 10969: 10967: 10964: 10962: 10959: 10957: 10956:Constellation 10954: 10953: 10951: 10947: 10939: 10938: 10933: 10932: 10931: 10930:Space Shuttle 10928: 10924: 10921: 10919: 10916: 10915: 10914: 10911: 10909: 10906: 10904: 10901: 10899: 10896: 10894: 10891: 10890: 10888: 10884: 10879: 10867: 10864: 10863: 10862: 10859: 10857: 10854: 10853: 10851: 10847: 10843: 10840: 10839:United States 10833: 10828: 10826: 10821: 10819: 10814: 10813: 10810: 10800: 10791: 10784: 10777: 10770: 10764: 10758: 10752: 10745: 10738: 10731: 10724: 10717: 10710: 10703: 10697: 10687: 10685: 10675: 10673: 10663: 10661: 10658: 10657: 10654: 10639: 10638:Tidal locking 10636: 10634: 10631: 10629: 10626: 10624: 10621: 10619: 10618:Double planet 10616: 10615: 10613: 10609: 10603: 10600: 10596: 10593: 10591: 10588: 10587: 10586: 10583: 10581: 10578: 10576: 10573: 10571: 10570:Minor planets 10568: 10566: 10563: 10561: 10558: 10556: 10553: 10552: 10550: 10546: 10540: 10537: 10535: 10532: 10528: 10525: 10524: 10523: 10520: 10518: 10515: 10511: 10508: 10504: 10503:Merging stars 10501: 10500: 10499: 10496: 10494: 10491: 10489: 10486: 10484: 10481: 10479: 10476: 10475: 10474: 10471: 10469: 10466: 10464: 10461: 10459: 10456: 10454: 10451: 10449: 10446: 10444: 10441: 10439: 10436: 10434: 10431: 10429: 10426: 10424: 10421: 10419: 10416: 10414: 10411: 10409: 10406: 10404: 10401: 10399: 10396: 10394: 10391: 10387: 10384: 10382: 10379: 10378: 10377: 10374: 10372: 10369: 10367: 10364: 10362: 10359: 10357: 10354: 10352: 10349: 10347: 10344: 10342: 10339: 10337: 10334: 10332: 10329: 10325: 10322: 10321: 10320: 10317: 10315: 10312: 10310: 10307: 10306: 10304: 10302: 10296: 10290: 10287: 10285: 10282: 10280: 10277: 10275: 10272: 10270: 10267: 10265: 10262: 10260: 10257: 10253: 10250: 10249: 10248: 10245: 10243: 10240: 10238: 10235: 10231: 10228: 10227: 10226: 10223: 10221: 10218: 10216: 10213: 10209: 10206: 10204: 10201: 10199: 10196: 10195: 10194: 10191: 10187: 10184: 10182: 10179: 10178: 10177: 10174: 10170: 10167: 10165: 10162: 10160: 10157: 10156: 10155: 10152: 10150: 10147: 10146: 10144: 10141: 10136: 10132: 10126: 10123: 10121: 10118: 10116: 10113: 10111: 10108: 10106: 10105:Subsatellites 10103: 10101: 10098: 10096: 10093: 10091: 10088: 10086: 10083: 10081: 10078: 10076: 10073: 10072: 10070: 10068: 10065:Hypothetical 10062: 10059: 10050: 10047: 10043: 10040: 10038: 10035: 10033: 10030: 10028: 10025: 10021: 10018: 10016: 10013: 10012: 10011: 10008: 10007: 10006: 10003: 9999: 9996: 9994: 9991: 9990: 9989: 9986: 9982: 9979: 9977: 9974: 9972: 9969: 9967: 9964: 9962: 9959: 9957: 9954: 9952: 9949: 9947: 9944: 9942: 9939: 9938: 9937: 9934: 9932: 9931:Asteroid belt 9929: 9927: 9924: 9920: 9917: 9915: 9912: 9910: 9907: 9903: 9900: 9898: 9895: 9894: 9893: 9890: 9888: 9885: 9883: 9880: 9878: 9875: 9874: 9873: 9870: 9866: 9863: 9861: 9858: 9856: 9853: 9851: 9848: 9846: 9843: 9841: 9838: 9836: 9833: 9831: 9828: 9827: 9825: 9823: 9820: 9816: 9813: 9811: 9808: 9807: 9806: 9805:Minor planets 9803: 9801: 9798: 9796: 9793: 9791: 9788: 9787: 9785: 9783: 9773: 9767: 9764: 9762: 9759: 9757: 9754: 9752: 9749: 9747: 9744: 9742: 9739: 9736: 9732: 9729: 9727: 9724: 9723: 9721: 9719: 9715: 9707: 9704: 9703: 9702: 9699: 9695: 9692: 9691: 9690: 9687: 9683: 9680: 9679: 9678: 9675: 9671: 9668: 9667: 9666: 9663: 9659: 9656: 9654: 9651: 9650: 9649: 9646: 9642: 9639: 9637: 9634: 9632: 9629: 9627: 9624: 9622: 9619: 9618: 9617: 9614: 9610: 9607: 9606: 9605: 9602: 9598: 9595: 9593: 9590: 9588: 9585: 9583: 9580: 9579: 9578: 9575: 9571: 9568: 9566: 9563: 9561: 9558: 9556: 9553: 9551: 9548: 9546: 9543: 9542: 9541: 9538: 9534: 9531: 9529: 9526: 9524: 9521: 9519: 9516: 9514: 9511: 9509: 9506: 9504: 9501: 9499: 9496: 9494: 9491: 9489: 9486: 9485: 9484: 9481: 9477: 9474: 9472: 9469: 9467: 9464: 9462: 9459: 9457: 9454: 9453: 9452: 9449: 9445: 9442: 9440: 9437: 9436: 9435: 9432: 9428: 9425: 9423: 9420: 9419: 9417: 9416: 9414: 9412: 9408: 9400: 9397: 9395: 9392: 9390: 9387: 9385: 9382: 9380: 9377: 9375: 9372: 9370: 9367: 9365: 9362: 9360: 9357: 9356: 9355: 9352: 9346: 9343: 9341: 9338: 9337: 9336: 9333: 9329: 9326: 9324: 9321: 9320: 9319: 9316: 9315: 9314: 9311: 9307: 9304: 9302: 9299: 9297: 9294: 9292: 9289: 9288: 9287: 9284: 9283: 9281: 9279: 9274: 9270: 9267: 9266: 9261: 9255: 9254: 9250: 9248: 9247: 9243: 9241: 9240: 9236: 9234: 9233: 9229: 9227: 9226: 9222: 9220: 9219: 9215: 9213: 9212: 9208: 9206: 9205: 9201: 9199: 9196: 9194: 9191: 9189: 9186: 9184: 9181: 9179: 9178: 9174: 9172: 9169: 9167: 9164: 9162: 9159: 9157: 9154: 9152: 9149: 9148: 9103: 9099: 9092: 9087: 9085: 9080: 9078: 9073: 9072: 9069: 9057: 9054: 9052: 9049: 9047: 9044: 9040: 9037: 9036: 9035: 9034:NASA missions 9032: 9030: 9027: 9025: 9022: 9021: 9019: 9017:and timelines 9013: 9007: 9004: 9002: 8999: 8997: 8994: 8992: 8989: 8985: 8982: 8981: 8980: 8977: 8976: 8974: 8968: 8962: 8961:Satish Dhawan 8959: 8958: 8956: 8952: 8946: 8943: 8941: 8938: 8936: 8933: 8931: 8928: 8926: 8923: 8921: 8918: 8916: 8913: 8911: 8908: 8906: 8903: 8901: 8898: 8896: 8893: 8891: 8888: 8886: 8883: 8881: 8878: 8876: 8873: 8871: 8868: 8866: 8863: 8861: 8858: 8856: 8853: 8851: 8848: 8846: 8843: 8841: 8838: 8836: 8833: 8829: 8826: 8824: 8821: 8820: 8819: 8816: 8814: 8811: 8809: 8806: 8804: 8801: 8799: 8796: 8794: 8791: 8789: 8786: 8784: 8781: 8779: 8776: 8774: 8771: 8769: 8766: 8764: 8761: 8759: 8756: 8754: 8751: 8749: 8746: 8745: 8743: 8737: 8731: 8728: 8726: 8723: 8721: 8718: 8716: 8713: 8711: 8708: 8706: 8703: 8699: 8696: 8694: 8691: 8689: 8686: 8685: 8684: 8681: 8679: 8676: 8672: 8669: 8668: 8667: 8664: 8663: 8661: 8657: 8651: 8648: 8646: 8643: 8641: 8638: 8635: 8633: 8630: 8628: 8625: 8623: 8620: 8618: 8615: 8611: 8608: 8607: 8606: 8603: 8601: 8598: 8596: 8593: 8591: 8588: 8587: 8585: 8583: 8577: 8569: 8566: 8565: 8564: 8561: 8559: 8556: 8554: 8551: 8547: 8544: 8542: 8539: 8537: 8534: 8532: 8529: 8528: 8527: 8524: 8522: 8519: 8515: 8512: 8510: 8507: 8506: 8505: 8502: 8500: 8497: 8495: 8492: 8491: 8489: 8487: 8481: 8471: 8468: 8466: 8463: 8461: 8458: 8456: 8453: 8451: 8448: 8446: 8443: 8442: 8440: 8438: 8434: 8428: 8425: 8421: 8418: 8416: 8413: 8411: 8408: 8406: 8403: 8401: 8398: 8397: 8395: 8393: 8390: 8386: 8385:Ibero-America 8383: 8381: 8378: 8376: 8373: 8371: 8368: 8366: 8363: 8361: 8358: 8356: 8353: 8351: 8348: 8346: 8343: 8341: 8338: 8336: 8333: 8331: 8328: 8326: 8323: 8321: 8318: 8317: 8316: 8313: 8312: 8310: 8306: 8300: 8297: 8295: 8292: 8290: 8287: 8286: 8284: 8282: 8278: 8272: 8269: 8267: 8264: 8262: 8259: 8258: 8256: 8254: 8250: 8244: 8241: 8239: 8236: 8234: 8231: 8227: 8224: 8222: 8219: 8218: 8217:Spaceflights 8216: 8212: 8209: 8207: 8204: 8203: 8202: 8199: 8198: 8196: 8194: 8190: 8184: 8181: 8179: 8176: 8172: 8169: 8167: 8164: 8163: 8162:Spaceflights 8161: 8157: 8154: 8153: 8152: 8149: 8148: 8146: 8144: 8143: 8138: 8132: 8129: 8127: 8124: 8120: 8117: 8115: 8112: 8111: 8110:Spaceflights 8109: 8107: 8104: 8103: 8101: 8099: 8095: 8087: 8084: 8082: 8079: 8078: 8076: 8074: 8071: 8069: 8066: 8064: 8061: 8059: 8056: 8054: 8051: 8049: 8046: 8044: 8041: 8039: 8036: 8034: 8031: 8029: 8026: 8024: 8021: 8019: 8016: 8012: 8009: 8007: 8004: 8002: 7999: 7997: 7994: 7992: 7989: 7987: 7984: 7982: 7979: 7978: 7977: 7974: 7970: 7967: 7965: 7962: 7961: 7960: 7957: 7956: 7954: 7950: 7947: 7945: 7941: 7935: 7932: 7930: 7927: 7925: 7922: 7920: 7917: 7913: 7910: 7908: 7905: 7904: 7903: 7900: 7899: 7897: 7893: 7887: 7884: 7883: 7880: 7875: 7868: 7863: 7861: 7856: 7854: 7849: 7848: 7845: 7833:participation 7832: 7828: 7826: 7822: 7820: 7816: 7815: 7812: 7806: 7796: 7794: 7784: 7782: 7772: 7770: 7760: 7758: 7748: 7746: 7736: 7735: 7733: 7729: 7723: 7713: 7711: 7701: 7699: 7689: 7687: 7684: 7682: 7679: 7677: 7674: 7672: 7669: 7667: 7664: 7662: 7659: 7657: 7654: 7652: 7649: 7647: 7644: 7642: 7639: 7637: 7636:Cospas-Sarsat 7634: 7630: 7627: 7626: 7625: 7622: 7620: 7617: 7615: 7612: 7611: 7609: 7605: 7599: 7589: 7585: 7582: 7581: 7580: 7570: 7569: 7567: 7563: 7553: 7543: 7541: 7531: 7527: 7524: 7523: 7522: 7512: 7510: 7500: 7496: 7493: 7491: 7488: 7487: 7486: 7476: 7474: 7464: 7462: 7452: 7450: 7440: 7438: 7428: 7427: 7425: 7421: 7415: 7405: 7403: 7393: 7391: 7381: 7377: 7367: 7366: 7365: 7355: 7353: 7343: 7341: 7331: 7327: 7324: 7322: 7319: 7317: 7314: 7312: 7309: 7307: 7304: 7303: 7302: 7292: 7290: 7280: 7278: 7268: 7266: 7256: 7254: 7244: 7242: 7232: 7230: 7220: 7218: 7208: 7206: 7196: 7194: 7184: 7180: 7177: 7176: 7175: 7165: 7163: 7153: 7151: 7141: 7139: 7129: 7127: 7117: 7115: 7105: 7101: 7098: 7097: 7096: 7086: 7084: 7074: 7072: 7062: 7060: 7050: 7048: 7038: 7034: 7024: 7023: 7022: 7012: 7011: 7009: 7007: 7003: 6999: 6993: 6990: 6988: 6985: 6983: 6980: 6976: 6973: 6969: 6966: 6965: 6964: 6961: 6959: 6956: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6939: 6936: 6934: 6931: 6930: 6929: 6919: 6917: 6914: 6912: 6909: 6905: 6902: 6901: 6900: 6897: 6895: 6891: 6888: 6887: 6885: 6881: 6878: 6874: 6863: 6859: 6849: 6845: 6842: 6841: 6840: 6830: 6826: 6823: 6822: 6821: 6811: 6807: 6804: 6803: 6802: 6792: 6788: 6785: 6784: 6783: 6773: 6769: 6766: 6765: 6764: 6754: 6752: 6742: 6740: 6730: 6728: 6718: 6716: 6706: 6704: 6694: 6693: 6691: 6687: 6681: 6671: 6669: 6659: 6657: 6647: 6645: 6635: 6633: 6623: 6621: 6611: 6610: 6608: 6604: 6598: 6588: 6586: 6576: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6558: 6557: 6547: 6545: 6535: 6534: 6532: 6528: 6522: 6512: 6510: 6500: 6496: 6493: 6491: 6488: 6487: 6486: 6476: 6474: 6464: 6462: 6452: 6450: 6440: 6436: 6433: 6432: 6431: 6421: 6417: 6414: 6412: 6409: 6404: 6402: 6399: 6397: 6394: 6392: 6389: 6388: 6387: 6384: 6382: 6379: 6378: 6377: 6367: 6366: 6364: 6360: 6354: 6344: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6331: 6330: 6320: 6318: 6308: 6307: 6305: 6301: 6295: 6292: 6291: 6289: 6285: 6282: 6278: 6266: 6263: 6262: 6261: 6251: 6249: 6239: 6235: 6232: 6230: 6227: 6225: 6222: 6221: 6220: 6210: 6208: 6198: 6196: 6186: 6184: 6174: 6172: 6162: 6161: 6159: 6155:Latin America 6153: 6147: 6137: 6135: 6125: 6123: 6113: 6111: 6101: 6099: 6089: 6085: 6082: 6081: 6080: 6070: 6068: 6058: 6056: 6046: 6045: 6043: 6041:North America 6039: 6036: 6032: 6022: 6012: 6010: 6000: 5998: 5988: 5986: 5976: 5972: 5969: 5968: 5967: 5957: 5955: 5945: 5944: 5942: 5938: 5932: 5929: 5927: 5924: 5923: 5921: 5915: 5912: 5908: 5904: 5897: 5892: 5890: 5885: 5883: 5878: 5877: 5874: 5862: 5859: 5857: 5854: 5853: 5850: 5843: 5840: 5837: 5834: 5831: 5828: 5827: 5825: 5819: 5809: 5806: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5777:Europa Lander 5775: 5774: 5772: 5770: 5766: 5759: 5756: 5753: 5750: 5747: 5744: 5741: 5738: 5735: 5732: 5729: 5726: 5723: 5720: 5717: 5714: 5711: 5708: 5705: 5702: 5699: 5696: 5693: 5690: 5687: 5684: 5681: 5678: 5674: 5671: 5668: 5665: 5662: 5659: 5656: 5655:Solar-C EUVST 5653: 5650: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5638: 5635: 5632: 5629: 5626: 5623: 5620: 5617: 5614: 5611: 5608: 5605: 5602: 5601: 5599: 5597: 5593: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5578: 5575: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5558: 5556: 5554: 5550: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5531: 5529: 5526: 5523: 5520: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5505: 5503: 5500: 5498: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5485: 5482: 5481: 5479: 5477: 5473: 5466: 5463: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5452: 5449: 5445: 5442: 5440: 5437: 5435: 5432: 5430: 5427: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5417: 5414: 5411: 5408: 5405: 5402: 5399: 5397: 5394: 5392: 5389: 5387: 5384: 5382: 5379: 5377: 5374: 5371: 5367: 5364: 5361: 5357: 5354: 5352: 5349: 5347: 5344: 5343: 5341: 5339: 5335: 5328: 5327:SpainSat NG I 5325: 5322: 5319: 5316: 5312: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5277: 5274: 5272: 5269: 5266: 5263: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5251: 5249: 5247: 5243: 5240: 5236: 5225: 5222: 5219: 5216: 5213: 5210: 5208: 5205: 5202: 5199: 5196: 5193: 5192: 5190: 5186: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5170: 5167: 5164: 5161: 5158: 5155: 5152: 5149: 5146: 5143: 5141: 5138: 5135: 5132: 5129: 5126: 5125: 5123: 5121: 5117: 5110: 5107: 5104: 5101: 5098: 5097:SpaceX Crew-9 5095: 5094: 5092: 5090: 5086: 5083: 5081: 5077: 5068: 5063: 5061: 5056: 5054: 5049: 5048: 5045: 5031: 5030:SpaceShip III 5028: 5027: 5025: 5024: 5022: 5018: 5010: 5007: 5005: 5002: 4998: 4995: 4994: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4985: 4984: 4982: 4978: 4975: 4974: 4972: 4968: 4965: 4964: 4962: 4958: 4955: 4953: 4950: 4949: 4947: 4946: 4944: 4940: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4921:Space Shuttle 4919: 4915: 4912: 4910: 4907: 4906: 4905: 4902: 4900: 4897: 4895: 4892: 4890: 4887: 4886: 4884: 4880: 4877: 4875: 4872: 4870: 4867: 4866: 4865:Soviet Union 4864: 4863: 4861: 4857: 4849: 4846: 4844: 4841: 4839: 4836: 4835: 4833: 4829: 4826: 4825: 4823: 4819: 4816: 4815: 4813: 4812: 4810: 4806: 4801: 4797: 4790: 4785: 4783: 4778: 4776: 4771: 4770: 4767: 4751: 4746: 4745: 4725: 4719: 4705:on 2016-03-22 4704: 4700: 4694: 4687: 4686: 4674: 4673: 4668: 4661: 4653: 4649: 4643: 4628: 4624: 4617: 4598: 4591: 4585: 4570: 4566: 4559: 4543: 4539: 4535: 4528: 4521: 4517: 4514: 4509: 4501: 4497: 4491: 4484: 4483: 4472: 4468: 4461: 4445: 4441: 4435: 4427: 4423: 4419: 4413: 4405: 4401: 4395: 4387: 4383: 4377: 4370: 4369: 4364: 4359: 4351: 4345: 4337: 4333: 4326: 4319: 4306: 4302: 4301: 4295: 4287: 4280: 4275: 4268: 4263: 4255: 4249: 4242: 4237: 4236: 4231: 4224: 4205: 4198: 4190: 4186: 4179: 4163: 4156: 4140: 4133: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4103: 4087: 4083: 4077: 4061: 4055: 4047: 4043: 4037: 4018: 4011: 4005: 3997: 3985: 3981: 3974: 3966: 3955: 3951: 3950: 3943: 3939: 3933: 3918: 3917: 3912: 3905: 3903: 3887: 3883: 3876: 3869: 3868: 3855: 3854: 3849: 3842: 3826: 3822: 3818: 3812: 3797: 3791: 3776: 3775: 3770: 3763: 3747: 3746: 3741: 3735: 3721:on 2016-10-09 3720: 3716: 3710: 3696: 3692: 3685: 3678: 3674: 3669: 3662: 3656: 3649: 3645: 3640: 3625: 3621: 3617: 3611: 3609: 3592: 3588: 3582: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3552: 3537: 3533: 3527: 3525: 3509: 3505: 3504:"Shenzhou IX" 3499: 3484: 3480: 3474: 3459: 3455: 3448: 3433: 3429: 3422: 3414: 3410: 3404: 3388: 3381: 3366: 3362: 3355: 3339: 3333: 3317: 3311: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3274: 3266: 3260: 3256: 3249: 3233: 3229: 3223: 3215: 3214:Aviation Week 3211: 3204: 3189: 3185: 3178: 3163:on 2015-04-30 3162: 3158: 3154: 3147: 3139: 3132: 3124: 3117: 3101: 3095: 3079: 3075: 3069: 3061: 3054: 3038: 3032: 3017: 3013: 3006: 2991: 2985: 2978: 2977: 2966:on 2014-03-22 2962: 2958: 2957: 2949: 2933: 2929: 2923: 2915: 2911: 2904: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2882: 2867: 2863: 2856: 2841: 2837: 2831: 2817:on 2012-08-28 2816: 2812: 2800:on 2012-08-28 2799: 2795: 2791: 2785: 2779:, NASA, 1999. 2778: 2773: 2765: 2761: 2757: 2751: 2744: 2740: 2737: 2732: 2725: 2724:0-9633974-5-1 2721: 2717: 2711: 2704: 2699: 2691: 2685: 2681: 2674: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2652: 2648: 2641: 2633: 2629: 2625: 2619: 2615: 2603: 2600: 2598: 2595: 2593: 2590: 2588: 2585: 2583: 2580: 2578: 2575: 2573: 2570: 2569: 2568: 2565: 2563: 2560: 2558: 2555: 2553: 2550: 2549: 2545: 2534: 2527: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2513: 2512:space station 2509: 2499: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2481: 2477: 2474: 2470: 2467: 2463: 2455: 2446: 2444: 2441:based on the 2440: 2435: 2433: 2432:lunar landing 2429: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2404: 2394: 2392: 2383: 2381: 2377: 2368: 2366: 2357: 2355: 2351: 2350:Space Shuttle 2347: 2343: 2334: 2332: 2328: 2323: 2313: 2311: 2301: 2299: 2289: 2288: 2283: 2274: 2272: 2262: 2260: 2259:Space Shuttle 2256: 2251: 2242: 2240: 2235: 2234:Rockwell X-30 2225: 2223: 2219: 2209: 2207: 2198: 2196: 2191: 2181: 2179: 2175: 2165: 2163: 2153: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2138:Buran program 2136: 2126: 2124: 2119: 2115: 2105: 2102: 2092: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2077:space station 2074: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2048: 2039: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2007: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1986: 1984: 1980: 1971: 1960: 1957: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1943: 1942: 1936: 1934: 1929: 1925: 1923: 1919: 1918:Lunar Gateway 1914: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1884: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1859: 1854: 1844: 1842: 1838: 1828: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1813: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1800: 1796: 1786: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1767: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1745: 1735: 1731: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1719: 1714: 1705: 1703: 1699: 1697: 1692: 1689:(HSP) of the 1688: 1678: 1676: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1652: 1649: 1645: 1642: 1638: 1630: 1625: 1616: 1608: 1606: 1601: 1599: 1598:Long March 5B 1595: 1593: 1588: 1584: 1583: 1578: 1573: 1571: 1567: 1566: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1552: 1547: 1543: 1542: 1536: 1534: 1533: 1528: 1527: 1522: 1518: 1517: 1512: 1503: 1494: 1492: 1487: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1448: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1421:space station 1418: 1408: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1385: 1381: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1366:human biology 1363: 1359: 1355: 1352: 1349: 1345: 1344:orbit decayed 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1326: 1318: 1311: 1306: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1291:United States 1288: 1284: 1277: 1265: 1262: 1259: 1256: 1253: 1250: 1247: 1244: 1241: 1238: 1235: 1232: 1229: 1226: 1225: 1224: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1205:space station 1202: 1192: 1184: 1182: 1177: 1173: 1168: 1166: 1162: 1159: 1158:United States 1155: 1154:space tourism 1151: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1117: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1102: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1075: 1066: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1039: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1028:thruster pods 1026:side-mounted 1024: 1015: 1006: 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 982: 980: 976: 972: 968: 964: 960: 956: 951: 949: 945: 941: 940:space tourism 935: 933: 929: 925: 921: 917: 913: 910: 906: 903: 900:' program of 899: 895: 891: 889: 885: 881: 877: 873: 869: 865: 861: 854: 845: 843: 839: 835: 834: 829: 828: 823: 822:Long March 2F 819: 815: 810: 808: 803: 801: 797: 793: 789: 785: 781: 777: 769: 765: 756: 754: 750: 746: 742: 738: 734: 730: 726: 722: 716: 714: 710: 706: 702: 698: 694: 690: 689:Space Shuttle 683: 679: 678: 672: 663: 661: 657: 653: 652:Roger Chaffee 649: 645: 640: 638: 634: 630: 626: 622: 617: 615: 611: 607: 603: 599: 595: 591: 587: 584: 580: 576: 568: 564: 555: 553: 552:French Guiana 549: 545: 541: 537: 533: 529: 525: 521: 517: 513: 509: 504: 502: 498: 494: 490: 485: 483: 479: 475: 471: 467: 463: 459: 454: 442: 438: 437:Soyuz program 429: 420: 418: 414: 409: 407: 403: 398: 390: 381: 379: 378:Soyuz program 374: 370: 366: 362: 361:Alexei Leonov 357: 355: 349: 347: 343: 339: 335: 331: 323: 319: 309: 307: 303: 299: 294: 292: 288: 284: 280: 276: 272: 268: 264: 260: 256: 247: 238: 235: 231: 227: 222: 220: 214: 212: 208: 203: 201: 197: 193: 189: 185: 177: 168: 166: 162: 158: 154: 149: 147: 143: 139: 135: 131: 127: 123: 118: 115: 111: 110:Vostok rocket 107: 103: 99: 90: 81: 77: 67: 65: 60: 56: 51: 49: 45: 40: 36: 32: 27: 19: 11026:Solar System 11013: 11001: 10936: 10923:Apollo–Soyuz 10841: 10794:Each arrow ( 10716:Local Bubble 10702:Solar System 10700: 10493:Planetesimal 10448:Kuiper cliff 10207: 10176:Space probes 10149:Colonization 9988:Kirkwood gap 9909:Saturn Moons 9822:Planetesimal 9286:Terrestrials 9251: 9244: 9237: 9230: 9223: 9216: 9209: 9202: 9175: 9098:Solar System 8705:Upper stages 8546:lunar probes 8484:Solar System 8470:Spacewalkers 8455:2015–present 8415:billionaires 8140: 8011:2021–present 7976:Spaceflights 7968: 7829:Preceded by 7681:Intersputnik 7526:TÜBİTAK UZAY 6987:EUTELSAT IGO 6883:Pan-European 6844:TÜBİTAK UZAY 6303:Central Asia 5919:and pan-Arab 5836:Polaris Dawn 5792:Nano-JASMINE 5640: 5628:MBR Explorer 5571:NEO Surveyor 5197:(March 2026) 5009:Dream Chaser 4997:Starship HLS 4931:SpaceShipTwo 4926:SpaceShipOne 4799: 4754:. Retrieved 4742:Bibliography 4728:. Retrieved 4718: 4707:. Retrieved 4703:the original 4693: 4683: 4682: 4676:. Retrieved 4670: 4660: 4651: 4642: 4630:. Retrieved 4626: 4616: 4604:. Retrieved 4597:the original 4584: 4572:. Retrieved 4568: 4558: 4546:. Retrieved 4542:the original 4527: 4508: 4500:www.buran.ru 4499: 4490: 4481: 4480: 4474:. Retrieved 4470: 4460: 4450:11 September 4448:. Retrieved 4444:the original 4440:"Saenger II" 4434: 4426:the original 4421: 4418:"Saenger II" 4412: 4404:www.buran.ru 4403: 4394: 4385: 4376: 4366: 4358: 4335: 4325: 4316: 4309:. Retrieved 4298: 4286: 4274: 4262: 4248: 4239: 4233: 4223: 4211:. Retrieved 4197: 4188: 4178: 4166:. Retrieved 4155: 4143:. Retrieved 4132: 4120:. Retrieved 4116:the original 4111: 4102: 4090:. Retrieved 4086:the original 4076: 4064:. Retrieved 4054: 4045: 4036: 4024:. Retrieved 4017:the original 4004: 3994:– via 3988:. Retrieved 3973: 3963:– via 3957:. Retrieved 3948: 3938:Ghostarchive 3936:Archived at 3932: 3922:30 September 3920:. Retrieved 3916:Ars Technica 3914: 3889:. Retrieved 3885: 3875: 3865: 3864: 3857:. Retrieved 3853:Ars Technica 3851: 3841: 3831:30 September 3829:. Retrieved 3820: 3811: 3800:. Retrieved 3790: 3778:. Retrieved 3772: 3762: 3750:. Retrieved 3743: 3734: 3723:. Retrieved 3719:the original 3709: 3698:. Retrieved 3694: 3684: 3676: 3668: 3655: 3647: 3639: 3628:. Retrieved 3619: 3595:. Retrieved 3590: 3581: 3569:. Retrieved 3565:the original 3560: 3551: 3539:. Retrieved 3535: 3511:. Retrieved 3507: 3498: 3486:. Retrieved 3482: 3473: 3461:. Retrieved 3457: 3447: 3435:. Retrieved 3431: 3421: 3412: 3403: 3391:. Retrieved 3380: 3368:. Retrieved 3364: 3354: 3342:. Retrieved 3332: 3320:. Retrieved 3310: 3284:Apogee Books 3279: 3273: 3254: 3248: 3236:. Retrieved 3232:the original 3222: 3213: 3203: 3191:. Retrieved 3187: 3177: 3165:. Retrieved 3161:the original 3156: 3146: 3131: 3116: 3104:. Retrieved 3094: 3082:. 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Retrieved 2798:the original 2793: 2784: 2772: 2764:the original 2750: 2731: 2715: 2710: 2698: 2679: 2673: 2646: 2640: 2632:the original 2627: 2618: 2602:2021-present 2505: 2489: 2485: 2459: 2436: 2406: 2389: 2374: 2363: 2340: 2319: 2307: 2295: 2280: 2268: 2248: 2231: 2215: 2204: 2187: 2171: 2159: 2132: 2111: 2098: 2060: 2054: 2045: 2028:US Air Force 2013: 1992: 1977: 1969: 1926: 1915: 1905: 1887: 1863: 1834: 1814: 1792: 1773: 1751: 1741: 1732: 1722: 1712: 1711: 1694: 1684: 1651:lifting-body 1637:Dream Chaser 1634: 1614: 1604: 1602: 1591: 1586: 1581: 1574: 1569: 1568:docked with 1563: 1559: 1555: 1549: 1545: 1539: 1537: 1530: 1524: 1520: 1514: 1508: 1488: 1449: 1433:solar arrays 1414: 1400: 1396: 1383: 1382: 1348:microgravity 1337: 1323: 1322: 1309: 1289:and was the 1281: 1209:Soviet Union 1198: 1190: 1169: 1165:Alan Shepard 1123: 1103: 1080: 1063:Inspiration4 1040: 1020: 988: 966: 962: 955:SpaceShipTwo 952: 936: 916:White Knight 912:SpaceShipOne 892: 876:SpaceShipTwo 872:SpaceShipOne 868:Virgin Group 858: 831: 825: 811: 804: 773: 733:Its missions 725:Cargo Dragon 717: 686: 675: 641: 621:space agency 618: 579:Moon landing 572: 505: 486: 478:Soyuz rocket 458:Moon landing 434: 412: 410: 395: 358: 354:R-7 Semyorka 350: 333: 329: 315: 295: 252: 223: 215: 204: 200:Alan Shepard 182: 150: 138:Soviet Union 130:Yuri Gagarin 119: 95: 79: 52: 44:SpaceShipOne 38: 37: 35: 26: 10757:Local Sheet 10751:Local Group 10534:Rubble pile 10522:Roche limit 10517:Ring system 10468:Outer space 10443:Kuiper belt 10413:Hill sphere 10408:Hills cloud 10356:Debris disk 10351:Cosmic dust 10135:Exploration 10090:Planet Nine 10075:Fifth giant 10049:Hills cloud 10010:Kuiper belt 9981:exceptional 9897:Trojan camp 8840:H-II and H3 8783:Delta DM-19 8773:Black Brant 8486:exploration 8261:Expeditions 8201:Expeditions 8151:Expeditions 8106:Expeditions 7874:Spaceflight 7831:Interkosmos 7805:Interkosmos 6911:Eurocontrol 6561:Antrix Corp 5917:Pan-African 5842:Soyuz MS-26 5804:(mid 2020s) 5742:(2031–2032) 5697:(2029–2031) 5586:Superbird-9 5573:(September) 5524:(2026–2027) 5434:Space Rider 5381:Gaganyaan-3 5376:Gaganyaan-2 5323:(September) 5297:Hakuto-R M2 5282:Gaganyaan-1 5261:(September) 5259:Bion-M No.2 5207:Gaganyaan-5 5195:Soyuz MS-29 5179:Gaganyaan-4 5174:Shenzhou 21 5165:(September) 5159:(September) 5157:Soyuz MS-28 5140:Shenzhou 20 5134:Soyuz MS-27 5111:(late 2024) 5103:Shenzhou 19 5099:(September) 4848:New Shepard 4838:Crew Dragon 4756:January 13, 4752:. The Verge 4632:February 1, 4548:January 31, 4213:January 28, 4164:. SpaceNews 4145:January 28, 3891:21 November 3745:RIA Novosti 3437:26 February 3344:21 February 3157:Blue Origin 3140:. BBC News. 3043:18 November 2760:Arianespace 2342:VentureStar 2310:Kankoh-maru 1911:free-return 1783:New Shepard 1779:Blue Origin 1752:Federatsiya 1668:rocket and 1594:core module 1551:Shenzhou 11 1452:ISS program 1419:(ISS) is a 1378:meteorology 1358:experiments 1142:Blue Origin 1132:capable of 1126:New Shepard 729:Crew Dragon 644:Gus Grissom 594:Buzz Aldrin 472:. Both the 298:spaceflight 142:outer space 11020:Categories 10776:Local Hole 10723:Gould Belt 10463:Oort cloud 10299:Formation, 10289:Deep space 10125:Vulcanoids 10042:Oort cloud 9966:first 1000 9902:Greek camp 9800:Meteoroids 9795:Damocloids 9741:Charikloan 8984:comparison 8910:Thor DM-18 8895:Thor-Agena 8850:Long March 8768:Atlas LV3C 8763:Atlas LV3B 8683:Spacecraft 8671:Comparison 8600:PocketQube 8582:satellites 8360:Cosmonauts 8315:Astronauts 8271:Spacewalks 8233:Spacewalks 8178:Spacewalks 8126:Spacewalks 8086:Suborbital 7969:by program 7929:Space Race 7919:Spacecraft 7817:See also: 6530:South Asia 6134:USSPACECOM 5830:Türksat 6A 5454:SSC Demo-1 5450:(February) 5403:(February) 5329:(November) 5265:Blue Ghost 5130:(February) 5105:(November) 4730:2009-07-04 4709:2016-04-05 4678:2016-07-13 4476:2011-10-11 4279:Grush 2019 4267:Grush 2019 3817:"Starship" 3802:2016-09-16 3725:2016-10-08 3700:2021-10-21 3630:2021-07-13 3432:Space News 3322:17 January 3282:. Canada: 3188:Space News 2996:2019-03-08 2970:2014-03-22 2821:2009-05-13 2804:2009-05-13 2610:References 2476:spaceplane 2466:suborbital 2430:resupply, 2401:See also: 2380:spaceplane 2354:spaceplane 2142:spaceplane 2003:spaceplane 1675:OHB System 1654:spaceplane 1644:suborbital 1570:Tiangong 2 1565:Tianzhou 1 1560:Tiangong 2 1556:Tiangong 2 1546:Tiangong 1 1541:Tiangong 2 1526:Shenzhou 9 1521:Tiangong 1 1516:Shenzhou 8 1511:Tiangong 1 1354:laboratory 1163:in space, 1150:Jeff Bezos 1146:Amazon.com 1138:suborbital 1032:SuperDraco 967:Enterprise 963:Enterprise 924:Paul Allen 920:Burt Rutan 907:using the 902:suborbital 886:and later 838:Yang Liwei 833:Shenzhou 5 827:Shenzhou 1 788:Zhou Enlai 784:Mao Zedong 776:Space Race 745:satellites 697:astronauts 606:astronauts 540:Kazakhstan 487:The basic 449:pronounced 291:spacecraft 188:John Glenn 126:Vostok 3KA 74:See also: 57:vary. The 10961:Dyna-Soar 10886:Completed 10737:Milky Way 10730:Orion Arm 10498:Formation 10483:Migration 10478:Disrupted 10346:Coatlicue 10314:Accretion 10301:evolution 10247:Asteroids 10159:astronomy 10154:Discovery 10015:Cubewanos 9936:Asteroids 9766:Quaoarian 9756:Neptunian 9746:Chironean 9731:Saturnian 9513:Enceladus 8930:V-2 tests 8828:2020–2022 8823:2010–2019 8798:Delta III 8450:2000–2014 8445:1965–1999 8299:Rollbacks 8063:Gaganyaan 8006:2011–2020 8001:2001–2010 7996:1991–2000 7991:1981–1990 7986:1971–1980 7981:1961–1970 7485:Roscosmos 7473:KazCosmos 7437:ArmCosmos 7138:DTU Space 7100:BIRA-IASB 7047:EU SatCen 6806:KACST-SRI 6703:ArmCosmos 6689:West Asia 6362:East Asia 6329:Roscosmos 6317:KazCosmos 6287:Pan-Asian 5716:Spektr-UV 5710:SAOCOM-2B 5689:Tianwen-4 5661:Tianwen-3 5649:SAOCOM-2A 5610:Dragonfly 5604:Chang'e 8 5507:ispace M3 5493:Chang'e 7 5459:Tianwen-2 5386:Garatéa-L 5362:(January) 5317:(October) 5278:(October) 5218:Artemis 5 5212:Artemis 4 5201:Artemis 3 5163:Artemis 2 5020:Cancelled 5004:Blue Moon 4967:Gaganyaan 4843:Starliner 4672:SpaceNews 4368:Space.com 4336:Space.com 4235:Space.com 3990:10 August 3774:SpaceNews 3677:The Hindu 3370:8 January 3302:1496-6921 2871:8 October 2866:Space.com 2665:902685533 2597:2011-2020 2592:2001-2010 2587:1991-2000 2582:1981-1990 2577:1971-1980 2572:1961-1970 2462:XCOR Lynx 2424:operation 2255:Dyna-Soar 2079:used for 1995:Dyna-Soar 1993:The X-20 1928:Artemis 3 1907:Artemis 2 1889:Artemis 1 1812:project. 1775:New Glenn 1748:Федерация 1696:Gaganyaan 1460:Roscosmos 1429:naked eye 1374:astronomy 1303:Saturn IB 1183:mission. 1161:astronaut 1030:with two 975:VSS Unity 971:VSS Unity 882:to offer 780:Apollo 11 715:landing. 677:Discovery 660:Apollo 13 654:, in the 602:Apollo 11 583:President 462:cosmonaut 373:Voskhod 1 369:Voskhod 2 302:astronaut 219:Max Faget 136:from the 134:cosmonaut 104:from the 10949:Canceled 10935:Shuttle- 10790:Universe 10628:Moonlets 10208:programs 10181:timeline 10169:timeline 10100:Planet X 10095:Planet V 10032:Sednoids 10020:Plutinos 9993:Centaurs 9971:families 9706:Dysnomia 9694:Xiangliu 9689:Gonggong 9677:Makemake 9636:Kerberos 9523:Hyperion 9461:Callisto 9456:Ganymede 9389:Gonggong 9384:Makemake 9239:Gonggong 9232:Makemake 8885:Starship 8855:Minotaur 8813:Delta IV 8793:Delta II 8778:Electron 8739:Launches 8698:heaviest 8688:uncrewed 8659:Vehicles 8595:CubeSats 8536:orbiters 8494:Timeline 8355:European 8294:Missions 8253:Tiangong 8243:Deployed 8238:Visitors 8226:uncrewed 8211:Visiting 8183:Visitors 8171:uncrewed 8131:Visitors 8119:uncrewed 8068:Spacelab 8058:Shenzhou 7964:timeline 7912:timeline 7710:UNCOPUOS 7021:DG DEFIS 6982:EUMETSAT 6034:Americas 5940:National 5832:(8 July) 5823:launched 5821:Recently 5746:LiteBIRD 5728:EnVision 5722:Spektr-M 5695:Venera-D 5538:ULTRASAT 5497:Rashid 2 5415:Series B 5413:MetOp-SG 5409:Series A 5407:MetOp-SG 5351:ESCAPADE 5315:Juventas 5287:GOSAT-GW 5238:Uncrewed 5153:(August) 5147:(Spring) 4992:Starship 4952:Mengzhou 4818:Shenzhou 4800:programs 4606:March 7, 4574:March 7, 4569:BBC News 4516:Archived 4471:BBC News 4344:cite web 4305:Archived 4168:April 4, 3940:and the 3886:Engadget 3825:Archived 3648:BBC News 3624:Archived 3413:CBC News 3167:27 April 3084:July 15, 2914:NBC News 2739:Archived 2624:"Vostok" 2530:See also 2491:Unilever 2471:(HTHL), 2197:rocket. 2195:Ariane 5 1961:(Russia) 1955:in 2020. 1949:Dragon 2 1895:and the 1764:Dragon 2 1605:Tiangong 1587:Tiangong 1582:Tiangong 1532:Liu Yang 1351:research 1295:Saturn V 1264:Salyut 7 1258:Salyut 6 1252:Salyut 5 1246:Salyut 4 1240:Salyut 3 1234:Salyut 2 1228:Salyut 1 1217:Salyut 1 1136:(VTVL), 1003:Dragon 2 894:Tier One 792:Shuguang 770:of China 705:re-enter 656:Apollo 1 648:Ed White 542:and the 493:Saturn V 476:and the 330:"ascent" 287:aircraft 271:Bell X-1 263:X-series 153:Vostok 6 11002:Freedom 10898:Mercury 10856:Artemis 10611:Related 10590:by size 10279:Neptune 10264:Jupiter 10215:Mercury 10140:outline 10085:Phaeton 10080:Nemesis 10067:objects 9919:Neptune 9892:Jupiter 9872:Trojans 9865:Neptune 9850:Jupiter 9830:Mercury 9761:Haumean 9751:Uranian 9733: ( 9653:Hiʻiaka 9587:Proteus 9577:Neptune 9565:Miranda 9555:Umbriel 9545:Titania 9533:all 146 9498:Iapetus 9451:Jupiter 9345:Neptune 9323:Jupiter 9291:Mercury 9273:Planets 9198:Neptune 9183:Jupiter 9156:Mercury 8925:Tsyklon 8788:Delta 1 8753:Antares 8400:by name 8345:Chinese 8340:Mercury 8320:by name 8281:Shuttle 8081:Orbital 8073:Artemis 8038:Mercury 8023:Russian 7952:General 7907:outline 7895:General 7671:ISS MCB 7565:Oceania 7340:PTSPACE 7306:CBK PAN 6968:ESTRACK 6894:CENELEC 6597:SUPARCO 6544:SPARRSO 6381:SASTIND 6098:FAA/AST 5931:Arabsat 5802:TEREX-1 5740:DAVINCI 5734:VERITAS 5724:(2030+) 5704:Luna 28 5683:Harmony 5622:Luna 27 5616:JASMINE 5566:Luna 26 5528:Xuntian 5467:(April) 5465:TRACERS 5444:SPHEREx 5401:LOXSAT1 5372:(April) 5370:SWFO-L1 5346:DESTINY 5321:PROBA-3 5292:GSAT-20 5254:Biomass 5226:(~2030) 5136:(March) 4973:Russia 4894:Mercury 4874:Voskhod 4859:Retired 4824:Russia 4092:9 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