41:
650:
902:
The number of Black people killed by the mob by the end of the day (November 10) is uncertain. Estimates have included "about 20", "more than twenty", "twenty or more", "somewhere between fourteen and sixty", "as many as 60", "at least sixty", "90",, "more than one hundred", and "exceeded 300".. An
914:
more than 2,000 blacks left
Wilmington permanently, forced to abandon their businesses and properties. This greatly reduced the city's professional and artisan class, and changed the formerly black-majority city into one with a white majority.
950:
A violent shootout occurred between striking white miners and non-union black miners who were brought into
Carterville as strikebreakers. Five black miners are killed. All the surviving black miners left Carterville shortly after the riot.
1353:, a town that excludes African Americans from living in it. Many towns went sundown after expelling black populations though most sundown towns did not have significant black populations to begin with. A partial listing is available at
1305:
White residents burned down all the black homes of Vienna and nearby areas outside city limits. The expulsion was sparked by the murder of an elderly white woman and the attempted rape of her teenage granddaughter by two black men.
1325:
decision, and a reversed decision of the school board to integrate the schools, local sawmill owner Jack
Williams threatened to burn down the homes of all his black employees unless they accepted a buyout offer and relocated to
825:
Monett's black population was expelled after the lynching of a black man who killed a white man during a fight. The Monett expulsion was the first of number of violent expulsions in
Southwestern Missouri between 1894 and 1906.
1194:
Ocoee's black community was burned to the ground and nearly all of its 500 residents killed or expelled by whites after black men killed two whites in self defense. At least 56 blacks were killed during the massacre.
1288:
The
Manhattan Beach City Council passed ordinance 263, claiming eminent domain for a public park, in order to take properties owned by black residents and eliminate the African American resort,
1160:
by whites that caused the death of 40–250 black people and about $ 400,000 (over $ 8 million, in 2017 US dollars) in property damage. An estimated 6,000 black people were left homeless.
936:
Gun battle between striking white miners and strikebreaker black miners results in the deaths of five blacks and two whites as well as the expulsion of Pana's black population.
839:
300 black strikebreakers were expelled from the coal mining town of Linton after one of the strikebreakers shot a white boy. Eventually blacks were banned from living in all of
1961:
637:
but continued until 1954. The justifications for the expulsions varied but often involved a crime committed by White
Americans, labor-related issues, or property takeovers.
899:. Since the late 20th century and further study, the event has been characterized as a violent overthrow of a duly elected government by a group of white supremacists.
613:
1860:
1966:
1888:
1735:
1576:
1971:
1951:
1126:
454:
1709:
1956:
606:
206:
72:
266:
99:
1976:
1354:
762:
Celina's black population left on
November 1, 1878 after being subject to a series of violent actions over the course of several months.
984:
Most of Mena's black population left the town after a black man named Peter
Berryman was lynched for allegedly assaulting a white girl.
1131:
98% of
Forsyth County's 1,000 black residents were expelled after two alleged attacks on white women allegedly committed by black men.
599:
585:
1444:""Black Friday": Enforcing Ohio's "Black Laws" in Portsmouth, Ohio - The Origins of the African-American Community of Huston Hollow"
1416:
1031:
White residents drove out Joplin's black residents following the lynching of a black transient for the murder of a white policeman.
1258:
town of
Rosewood after a black man allegedly raped a white woman. At least 8 people and perhaps as many as 150 people were killed.
1946:
788:
A number of race riots occurred in Paragould between 1888 and 1908, resulting in most of the town's 150 black residents leaving.
371:
94:
67:
1605:
1044:
A mob of 500 white men opened fire on blacks and chased them out of Sour Lake after a brakeman was shot dead by a black man.
580:
575:
22:
999:
657:
1471:
1169:
547:
316:
1807:
1004:
300 black residents were expelled after white residents lynched three black men for allegedly killing a white woman.
163:
1781:
1683:
1545:
1916:
891:, United States, on Thursday, November 10, 1898. The white press in Wilmington originally described the event as a
30:
1234:
175 Black residents fled the town after a death of a white farmer who was shot by a black farmer in self-defense.
661:
419:
409:
1394:
1104:
903:
additional number, variously estimated between 20 and 50, were banished and ordered to leave town by the mob.
444:
311:
241:
226:
134:
1661:
1641:
1621:
1498:
484:
341:
331:
271:
261:
246:
1152:
The East St. Louis riots or East St. Louis massacres, of late May and July 1–3, 1917, were an outbreak of
1321:
1283:
1216:
As many as 300 black people were killed and 10,000 left homeless after whites attacked and destroyed the
910:
one of the few black newspapers in the state and reportedly the only black daily newspaper in the country
744:
The small black population of Pollock left the town after the massacre of more than 100 blacks in nearby
708:
196:
1917:"Manhattan Beach was once home to Black beachgoers, but the city ran them out. Now it faces a reckoning"
1573:
888:
863:
775:
White residents expelled blacks from Comanche County because of alleged crimes committed by black men.
449:
439:
351:
291:
256:
221:
178:
46:
1343:
1147:
1077:
479:
356:
306:
251:
201:
1140:
321:
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1119:
552:
346:
286:
281:
216:
211:
1833:
1381:
1893:
1865:
840:
770:
522:
459:
336:
326:
301:
231:
1593:
992:
945:
414:
399:
296:
1255:
1083:
464:
434:
429:
276:
8:
1861:"A fight over a stalk cutter in 1922 turned into a mass exodus of Black residents of Jay"
1211:
1098:
870:
808:
796:
783:
719:
494:
236:
40:
1766:
1314:
1052:
732:
634:
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404:
394:
168:
84:
62:
1626:
1601:
1390:
1327:
1267:
1249:
1242:
1057:
Race riots in 1905 and 1909 resulted in the expulsion of Harrison's black residents.
757:
745:
626:
504:
139:
876:
1506:
1300:
1289:
1217:
1065:
1039:
1026:
1013:
820:
702:
537:
366:
1580:
1476:
1204:
1153:
1108:
884:
851:
834:
739:
629:
have been violently expelled from at least 50 towns, cities, and counties in the
499:
469:
106:
1889:"Two Florida cities, two paths: Former 'sundown towns' grapple with their pasts"
1710:"NEGROES DRIVEN AWAY.; The Last One Leaves Decatur, Ind., Owing to Threats Made"
1630:. Richmond, Kentucky. August 5, 1903. p. 2 – via Chronicling America.
1189:
1182:
1094:
979:
924:
570:
489:
361:
1770:. New Orleans, Louisiana. July 10, 1903. p. 9 – via Newspapers.com.
1650:. Washington, D.C. August 27, 1897. p. 5 – via Chronicling America.
1534:. St. Clairsville, Ohio. August 5, 1886. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
1443:
1940:
1103:
Whites expelled Anna and Jonesboro's 40 black families after the lynching of
630:
89:
1761:
1527:
1350:
1272:
1229:
1082:
Whites led by a local doctor drove out blacks from the now extinct city of
896:
173:
151:
146:
1600:. Vol. 2. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. pp. 603–607.
1347:, a monument to African Americans expelled from the Georgia Legislature
527:
474:
376:
1174:
200 black workers were forced to leave Corbin during a labor dispute.
724:
African Americans were expelled from Wyandotte on multiple occasions.
1157:
931:
892:
424:
79:
880:
707:
All 80 Black residents were expelled under Ohio’s discriminatory "
633:. Most of these expulsions occurred in the 60 years following the
906:
Along with Alex and Frank G. Manly, brothers who had owned the
1417:"Leave or die: America's hidden history of racial expulsions"
542:
1762:"Race War in Texas: Negroes Are Being Driven From Sour Lake"
1000:
Pierce City, Missouri § 1901 lynchings and expulsion
1018:
A mob of 50 men forced black residents out of Decatur.
1962:
Racially motivated violence against African Americans
1592:
Rucker, Walter; Upton, James Nathaniel, eds. (2007).
1254:
Whites attacked and completely burned down the black
1220:district of Tulsa, known as "Black Wall Street".
1938:
1736:"LYNCHING OF A COLORED MAN IN JOPLIN, MISSOURI"
1127:1912 Racial Conflict of Forsyth County, Georgia
1834:"Kentucky Town Re-Examines Its Racial History"
1574:Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History & Culture
1569:
1567:
607:
1664:. Carbondale Free Press. September 23, 1899
1591:
1499:"TENNESSEE NEGROES DRIVEN FROM THEIR HOMES"
1355:Category:Sundown towns in the United States
1564:
1465:
1463:
614:
600:
1967:White American riots in the United States
1086:and most of the rest of Marshall County.
586:Mass racial violence in the United States
1622:"One Place on Earth too Hot for a Negro"
1410:
1408:
1406:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1460:
1441:
1972:History of racism in the United States
1952:Forced migrations in the United States
1939:
1886:
1858:
1782:"Harrison Race Riots of 1905 and 1909"
1594:"Southwest Missouri Riots (1894–1906)"
1379:
455:1912 racial conflict in Forsyth County
1957:Ethnic cleansing in the United States
1403:
1368:
644:
1914:
1908:
1742:. Las Animas Leader. April 16, 1903
1598:Encyclopedia of American Race Riots
13:
1977:Sundown towns in the United States
1469:
1414:
14:
1988:
1887:Little, Jim (February 20, 2023).
1859:Little, Jim (February 20, 2023).
1528:"Clipping from Belmont Chronicle"
581:Civil rights movement (1896–1954)
576:Civil rights movement (1865–1896)
207:Nevlin Porter and Johnson Spencer
648:
267:Frazier B. Baker and Julia Baker
39:
1880:
1852:
1826:
1800:
1774:
1754:
1728:
1702:
1676:
1654:
1634:
1614:
957:
680:
420:Wilmington insurrection of 1898
410:Spring Valley Race Riot of 1895
130:Expulsions of African Americans
1947:African American-related lists
1740:coloradohistoricnewspapers.org
1684:"Peter Berryman (Lynching of)"
1585:
1538:
1520:
1491:
1472:"Darkness on the Edge of Town"
1435:
1049:October 1905 and January 1909
1:
1361:
445:Springfield race riot of 1908
485:Washington race riot of 1919
7:
1915:Xia, Rosanna (2020-08-02).
1423:. Austin American-Statesman
1336:
1322:Brown v. Board of Education
1284:Manhattan Beach, California
640:
372:James Harvey and Joe Jordan
10:
1993:
1814:. Encyclopedia of Arkansas
1812:encyclopediaofarkansas.net
1808:"Cotter Expulsion of 1906"
1788:. Encyclopedia of Arkansas
1786:encyclopediaofarkansas.net
1690:. Encyclopedia of Arkansas
1688:encyclopediaofarkansas.net
1662:"Bloodshed at Carterville"
1642:"Race Troubles in Indiana"
1552:. Encyclopedia of Arkansas
1550:encyclopediaofarkansas.net
1503:chroniclingamerica.loc.gov
1247:
1209:
1187:
1145:
1124:
997:
929:
889:Wilmington, North Carolina
868:
864:Wilmington, North Carolina
737:
47:1906 Atlanta race massacre
1610:– via Google Books.
1344:Expelled Because of Color
1148:East St. Louis Race Riots
1078:Marshall County, Kentucky
970:
967:
964:
883:which was carried out by
693:
690:
687:
480:Chicago race riot of 1919
1141:East St. Louis, Illinois
440:Atlanta Massacre of 1906
1389:. New York: New Press.
1120:Forsyth County, Georgia
1105:William "Froggie" James
553:Back to Africa movement
100:Anti-miscegenation laws
1894:Pensacola News Journal
1866:Pensacola News Journal
1546:"Paragould Race Riots"
1380:Loewen, James (2005).
771:Comanche County, Texas
523:Anti-lynching movement
460:1917 Chester race riot
450:Johnson–Jeffries riots
317:Laura and L. D. Nelson
1248:Further information:
1210:Further information:
1188:Further information:
1158:race-related violence
1146:Further information:
1125:Further information:
998:Further information:
993:Pierce City, Missouri
946:Carterville, Illinois
930:Further information:
869:Further information:
738:Further information:
415:Phoenix election riot
400:Rock Springs massacre
57:Historical background
662:adding missing items
465:East St. Louis riots
435:Evansville race riot
430:Robert Charles riots
1627:The Richmond Climax
1442:Feight, rew; Ph.D.
1212:Tulsa race massacre
1179:November 2–3, 1920
1099:Jonesboro, Illinois
942:September 17, 1899
871:Wilmington massacre
809:Blackwell, Oklahoma
797:Lexington, Oklahoma
784:Paragould, Arkansas
720:Wyandotte, Michigan
528:Exodusters movement
495:Tulsa race massacre
389:Massacres and riots
1767:The Times-Democrat
1714:The New York Times
1579:2011-08-05 at the
1315:Sheridan, Arkansas
1053:Harrison, Arkansas
976:February 20, 1901
885:white supremacists
860:November 10, 1898
733:Pollock, Louisiana
660:; you can help by
635:American Civil War
533:Atlanta Compromise
405:Thibodaux massacre
395:Opelousas massacre
169:Indiana White Caps
140:Lynching postcards
85:Compromise of 1877
63:Reconstruction era
1921:Los Angeles Times
1647:The Evening Times
1607:978-0-313-33302-6
1532:Belmont Chronicle
1448:Scioto Historical
1334:
1333:
1268:Blanford, Indiana
1250:Rosewood massacre
1243:Rosewood, Florida
955:
954:
758:Celina, Tennessee
754:November 1, 1878
678:
677:
627:African Americans
624:
623:
505:Rosewood massacre
68:Voter suppression
31:Nadir of American
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1415:Jaspin, Elliot.
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1301:Vienna, Illinois
1280:January 3, 1924
1275:-led expulsion.
1170:Corbin, Kentucky
1066:Cotter, Arkansas
1062:August 24, 1906
1040:Sour Lake, Texas
1027:Joplin, Missouri
1014:Decatur, Indiana
989:August 18, 1901
962:
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848:August 27, 1897
821:Monett, Missouri
703:Portsmouth, Ohio
685:
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673:
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616:
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538:Niagara Movement
342:Anthony Crawford
332:Jesse Washington
272:John Henry James
262:Stephen Williams
247:Ephraim Grizzard
242:People's Grocery
158:Vigilante groups
73:Disfranchisement
45:Violence in the
43:
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1470:Wexler, Laura.
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1205:Tulsa, Oklahoma
1192:
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1129:
1116:September 1912
1023:April 16, 1903
1002:
960:
934:
921:April 10, 1899
873:
852:Elwood, Indiana
835:Linton, Indiana
742:
740:Colfax massacre
729:April 13, 1873
683:
674:
668:
665:
649:
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620:
591:
590:
566:
558:
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548:Great Migration
518:
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500:Perry race riot
470:Elaine massacre
390:
382:
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197:Andrew Richards
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120:
112:
111:
107:Convict leasing
58:
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1716:. 14 July 1902
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1198:
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1190:Ocoee massacre
1185:
1183:Ocoee, Florida
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571:Black genocide
567:
565:Related topics
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1351:Sundown town
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1273:Ku Klux Klan
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1230:Jay, Florida
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897:black people
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681:19th century
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337:Newberry Six
322:King Johnson
297:Watkinsville
174:Ku Klux Klan
164:Black Legion
152:Whitecapping
147:Sundown town
129:
15:
1256:Levy County
877:coup d'Ă©tat
367:1920 Duluth
347:Ell Persons
287:David Wyatt
282:George Ward
217:Amos Miller
212:Eliza Woods
95:Segregation
1941:Categories
1926:2020-08-02
1453:2022-01-30
1396:156584887X
1362:References
1166:Fall 1919
1137:July 1917
1107:in nearby
1084:Birmingham
1010:June 1902
895:caused by
780:1888–1908
709:Black Laws
669:March 2019
658:incomplete
475:Red Summer
377:Joe Pullen
327:John Evans
302:Ed Johnson
232:Jim Taylor
179:Red Shirts
1844:March 29,
1818:March 29,
1792:March 29,
1746:April 15,
1720:March 29,
1556:March 29,
1483:March 29,
1427:March 29,
1218:Greenwood
968:Location
932:Pana riot
893:race riot
691:Location
517:Reactions
425:Pana riot
191:Lynchings
135:Lynchings
119:Practices
80:Redeemers
1900:30 March
1872:30 March
1694:April 1,
1668:April 6,
1577:Archived
1512:April 1,
1337:See also
881:massacre
641:Timeline
277:Sam Hose
23:a series
21:Part of
1838:npr.org
1328:Malvern
237:Joe Coe
1604:
1393:
1156:- and
971:Notes
879:and a
746:Colfax
694:Notes
25:on the
1840:. NPR
1387:(PDF)
1311:1954
1297:1954
1264:1923
1226:1922
1154:labor
1109:Cairo
1074:1908
965:Date
831:1896
805:1893
793:1892
767:1886
699:1831
688:Date
543:NAACP
1902:2023
1874:2023
1846:2019
1820:2019
1794:2019
1748:2019
1722:2019
1696:2019
1670:2019
1602:ISBN
1558:2019
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1429:2019
1391:ISBN
1097:and
1095:Anna
887:in
711:."
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